Background
Methods
Development of the Scoliosis Japanese Questionnaire-27 (SJ-27)
SJ-27 contents
Please fill out the following questions about your upper and lower back from the past month. Tick the most appropriate answer for each question. If you wear a brace, answer the questions for the times when you were not wearing the brace. |
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1. To what extent do you feel pain in your upper or lower back while lying down? □Not at all □Mild □Moderate □Considerable □Severe |
2. To what extent do you feel pain in your upper or lower back after sitting for an hour? □Not at all □Mild □Moderate □Considerable □Severe |
3. To what extent do you feel pain in your upper or lower back after standing for long periods? □Not at all □Mild □Moderate □Considerable □Severe |
4. To what extent do you feel stiffness or soreness in your shoulders or neck? □Not at all □Mild □Moderate □Considerable □Severe |
5. To what extent do you feel uncomfortable when wearing a jacket or coat? □Not at all □Mild □Moderate □Considerable □Severe |
6. To what extent are you concerned about the waistline of a skirt? □Not at all □Mild □Moderate □Considerable □Severe |
7. To what extent do you have difficulty putting on socks or stockings? □Not at all □Mild □Moderate □Considerable □Severe |
8. To what extent are you concerned about the fit of T-shirts? □Not at all □Mild □Moderate □Considerable □Severe |
9. To what extent are you bothered by the slipping of bra or camisole straps from your shoulders? □Not at all □Mild □Moderate □Considerable □Severe |
10. To what extent are you self-conscious about the curve of your back when wearing lighter clothing in warmer weather? □Not at all □Slightly □Moderately □Strongly □Extremely |
11. Do you find yourself wanting to avoid exercise? □Not at all □Slightly □Moderately □Strongly □Extremely |
12. Have parents, friends, or teachers told you that you have a back problem? □Never □Rarely □Sometimes □Often □Very often |
13. Do you feel embarrassed to bathe with your mother or sisters because of the curve of your back? □Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much |
14. How self-conscious are you about classmates or colleagues noticing your appearance? □Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much |
15. Do you become anxious when standing in front of a group of people? □Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much |
16. To what extent are you reluctant to participate in sporting events or performances? □Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much |
17. To what extent does your appearance in the mirror make you self-conscious? □Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much |
18. To what extent are you self-conscious about the x-ray images on your back? □Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much |
19. Do you feel sports or exercise will have a negative effect on your spine? □Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much |
20. Do you worry about your future regarding marriage, childbirth, and your children inheriting your condition? □Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much |
21. To what extent do you wish you could change the current condition of your spine? □Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much |
22. To what extent do you feel shy or reclusive because of the shape of your spine? □Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much |
23. To what extent do you feel depressed due to the condition of your spine? □Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much |
24. To what extent do you feel an inferiority complex due to the shape of your spine? □Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much |
25. To what extent do you feel overly self-conscious about your appearance due to the shape of your spine? □Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much |
26. To what extent do you think of yourself as less capable than others because of your spine? □Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much |
27. To what extent do you feel self-conscious about how you hold bags? □Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much |
Study design and patient recruitment
Testing the questionnaire
Spinal radiographic examination
Statistical analysis
Results
Patient characteristics
Patients with AIS (n = 384) | |||
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Mean age (SD), years | 14.3 (1.9) | ||
Mean body mass (SD), kg | 45.0 (7.2) | ||
Mean body height (SD), cm | 155.7 (7.1) | ||
Mean body mass index (SD), kg / m2 | 18.5 (2.3) | ||
Treatment, n (multiple choices allowed) | 31.0 (12.6) | ||
Mean Cobb angle (SD), degrees | 14.3 (1.9) | ||
Mean age (SD), years | 45.0 (7.2) | ||
Treatment, n (multiple choices allowed) | |||
Observation | 120 | ||
Exercise | 28 | ||
Brace | 161 | ||
Surgery | 78 | ||
Other | 23 | ||
Institution, n | |||
Okayama Medical Center | 10 | Shiba Clinic | 14 |
Aizu Medical Center | 2 | Jikei University Hospital | 20 |
Iwate Medical University Hospital | 16 | Akita University Hospital | 8 |
Gifu University Hospital | 17 | Juntendo University Hospital | 26 |
Kurume University Hospital | 3 | Niigata Spine Surgery Center | 19 |
University of Miyazaki Hospital | 20 | Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital | 9 |
Kanazawa Medical University Hospital | 5 | Gunma Spine Center of Harunaso Hospital | 20 |
Keio University Hospital | 23 | Sendai Nishitaga Hospital | 20 |
Hirosaki University Hospital | 14 | Tokai University Hospital | 18 |
Hirosaki Memorial Hospital | 5 | University of Tokyo Hospital | 26 |
Saitama Medical University Hospital | 30 | Hamamatsu University Hospital | 20 |
Saitama Medical Center | 19 | Fukuoka Children’s Hospital | 20 |
Floor and ceiling effects
Internal consistency
Scale mean if item is deleted | Scale variance if item is deleted | Corrected item - total correlation | Cronbach’s alpha if item is deleted | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Q01 | 48.76 | 2 6 9 .2 0 9 | .409 | .912 |
Q02 | 48.20 | 2 6 0 .0 9 7 | .525 | .911 |
Q03 | 48.23 | 2 6 1 .9 1 7 | .473 | .911 |
Q04 | 47.82 | 2 6 2 .7 3 6 | .349 | .914 |
Q05 | 48.57 | 2 5 7 .8 5 0 | .644 | .909 |
Q06 | 48.43 | 2 5 6 .3 4 3 | .588 | .909 |
Q07 | 48.78 | 2 7 0 .1 3 7 | .317 | .914 |
Q08 | 48.54 | 2 5 8 .2 2 2 | .600 | .909 |
Q09 | 48.30 | 2 5 6 .6 5 6 | .611 | .909 |
Q10 | 48.35 | 2 5 1 .9 6 7 | .729 | .907 |
Q11 | 48.34 | 2 6 5 .7 3 3 | .335 | .914 |
Q12 | 48.12 | 2 6 1 .3 7 9 | .430 | .912 |
Q13 | 49.03 | 2 7 3 .2 2 9 | .325 | .913 |
Q14 | 48.68 | 2 5 8 .5 4 2 | .663 | .909 |
Q15 | 47.99 | 2 6 1 .8 2 7 | .382 | .914 |
Q16 | 48.59 | 2 7 1 .3 9 8 | .234 | .915 |
Q17 | 48.23 | 2 5 2 .7 1 4 | .694 | .907 |
Q18 | 47.10 | 2 5 4 .5 6 0 | .560 | .910 |
Q19 | 48.56 | 2 6 5 .0 8 2 | .445 | .912 |
Q20 | 48.30 | 2 5 7 .5 8 2 | .575 | .910 |
Q21 | 46.70 | 2 6 0 .1 0 3 | .396 | .914 |
Q22 | 48.90 | 2 6 7 .5 2 3 | .552 | .911 |
Q23 | 48.28 | 2 5 3 .5 3 9 | .653 | .908 |
Q24 | 48.34 | 2 5 3 .8 5 5 | .659 | .908 |
Q25 | 48.50 | 2 5 4 .5 7 0 | .689 | .908 |
Q26 | 48.63 | 2 6 2 .2 1 2 | .545 | .910 |
Q27 | 48.11 | 2 5 9 .6 2 0 | .486 | .911 |