01.12.2015 | Research article | Ausgabe 1/2015 Open Access

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment questionnaire in patients with skeletal muscle injury of the upper or lower extremities
- Zeitschrift:
- BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders > Ausgabe 1/2015
Competing interests
Author contributions
Background
Materials and methods
Study and design subjects
Measurement tools
SMFA
SF-36
Region-specific questionnaires
DASH
HOOS
KOOS
FFI
Translation process
Participants
Statistical analysis
Qualitative characteristics
Results
Characteristics
|
N = 339
|
---|---|
Age (years) (Mean, SD)
|
46, 16.0
|
BMI (Mean, SD)
|
23.5, 3.6
|
Gender (%)
|
|
Male
|
180 (53.1)
|
Female
|
159 (46.9)
|
Marital status (%)
|
|
Single
|
78 (23.0)
|
Married or with partner
|
238 (70.2)
|
Divorced
|
12 (3.5)
|
Widowed
|
11 (3.2)
|
Educational level (%)
|
|
Elementary school
|
114 (33.6)
|
High school
|
94 (27.7)
|
College or higher
|
131 (38.6)
|
Other chronic disease (%)
|
91 (26.8)
|
Injury location (%)
|
|
Upper limb (Shoulder/Elbow/Arm/wrist/hand)
|
76 (22.4)
|
Upper leg/Hip/ Pelvis
|
65 (19.2)
|
Lower leg/Knee
|
127 (37.5)
|
Ankle/foot
|
60 (17.7)
|
Hip and Upper limb
|
2 (0.6)
|
Knee and Upper limb
|
5 (1.5)
|
Hip and Knee
|
1 (0.3)
|
Hip and Knee and Upper limb
|
1 (0.3)
|
Knee and Ankle/foot
|
2 (0.6)
|
Diagnosis (%)
|
|
Fracture
|
27 (8.0)
|
Arthritis
|
78 (23.0)
|
Bruise or/and trauma
|
65 (19.2)
|
Other
|
169 (49.9)
|
Received relevant operation
|
151 (44.5)
|
SMFA
|
No. of items
|
Mean
|
SD
|
% floor
|
% ceiling
|
Cronbach’s α
|
Intraclass correlation
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arm and hand function
|
8
|
9.83
|
14.01
|
36.6
|
0
|
0.870
|
0.870
|
Mobility
|
9
|
25.50
|
21.53
|
14.2
|
0
|
0.925
|
0.925
|
Daily activities
|
10
|
25.81
|
24.03
|
6.48
|
0
|
0.928
|
0.928
|
Emotional status
|
7
|
23.38
|
13.43
|
4.42
|
0
|
0.776
|
0.776
|
Dysfunction index
|
34
|
21.47
|
16.17
|
6.19
|
0
|
0.954
|
0.954
|
Bother index
|
12
|
23.43
|
18.21
|
8.85
|
0
|
0.935
|
0.935
|
Reliability
Validity
Known-groups comparison
Dysfunction index
|
P value
|
Bother index
|
P value
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD)
|
Mean (SD)
|
|||
Age groups
|
||||
18-29 (
n = 66)
|
16.24 (15.78)
|
<0.001
|
18.62 (16.22)
|
0.008
|
30-44 (
n = 87)
|
20.44 (16.27)
|
22.46 (18.55)
|
||
45-59 (
n = 96)
|
20.41 (15.17)
|
22.81 (18.62)
|
||
≥ 60 (
n = 79)
|
27.86 (15.57)
|
28.74 (18.14)
|
||
Gender
|
||||
Male (
n = 176)
|
19.18 (16.38)
|
0.008
|
20.70 (17.62)
|
0.005
|
Female (
n = 152)
|
23.92 (15.48)
|
26.32 (18.60)
|
||
BMI groups
|
||||
Low weight (
n = 19)
|
23.80 (20.82)
|
0.856
|
28.18 (19.31)
|
0.294
|
Normal (
n = 218)
|
21.01 (15.85)
|
23.76 (18.42)
|
||
Overweight (
n = 57)
|
21.54 (16.13)
|
21.24 (16.84)
|
||
Obesity (
n = 31)
|
19.85 (14.01)
|
19.29 (17.99)
|
||
Injury location
a
|
||||
Upper-extremity (
n = 76)
|
14.26 (12.47)
|
<0.001
|
18.89 (16.06)
|
0.016
|
Lower-extremity
b (
n = 252)
|
23.52 (16.49)
|
24.64 (18.71)
|
||
Operation status
|
||||
Yes (
n = 149)
|
17.36 (15.95)
|
<0.001
|
19.00 (17.98)
|
<0.001
|
No (
n = 179)
|
24.72 (15.52)
|
26.89 (17.77)
|
Convergence validity
Arm and hand function category
|
Mobility category
|
Daily activities category
|
Emotional status category
|
Dysfunction index
|
Bother index
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SF-36 (
N = 339)
|
||||||
PF
|
−.344
|
−.644
|
−.569
|
−.527
|
−.616
|
−.594
|
RP
|
−.364
|
−.504
|
−.576
|
−.530
|
−.586
|
−.626
|
BP
|
−.353
|
−.588
|
−.565
|
−.613
|
−.625
|
−.650
|
GH
|
−.267
|
−.387
|
−.353
|
−.540
|
−.423
|
−.477
|
VT
|
−.290
|
−.396
|
−.346
|
−.544
|
−.436
|
−.491
|
SF
|
−.393
|
−.477
|
−.561
|
−.536
|
−.582
|
−.620
|
RE
|
−.310
|
−.378
|
−.430
|
−.492
|
−.462
|
−.539
|
MH
|
−.183
|
−.211
|
−.211
|
−.446
|
−.271
|
−.371
|
DASH (
N = 84)
|
||||||
DASH
|
.669
|
n.a.
|
.730
|
.560
|
.750
|
.695
|
HOOS (
N = 69)
|
||||||
Pain
|
n.a.
|
−.652
|
−.630
|
−.471
|
−.628
|
−.609
|
Symptoms
|
n.a.
|
−.631
|
−.558
|
−.416
|
−.568
|
−.535
|
ADL
|
n.a.
|
−.728
|
−.713
|
−.483
|
−.738
|
−.670
|
Function in sports/recreation
|
n.a.
|
−.640
|
−.627
|
−.424
|
−.654
|
−.540
|
Quality of life
|
n.a.
|
−.680
|
−.579
|
−.437
|
−.620
|
−.521
|
KOOS (
N = 136)
|
||||||
Pain
|
n.a.
|
−.571
|
−.491
|
−.472
|
−.573
|
−.595
|
Symptoms
|
n.a.
|
−.492
|
−.380
|
−.450
|
−.465
|
−.499
|
ADL
|
n.a.
|
−.711
|
−.668
|
−.444
|
−.713
|
−.651
|
Function in sports/recreation
|
n.a.
|
−.626
|
−.586
|
−.304
|
−.608
|
−.569
|
Quality of life
|
n.a.
|
−.468
|
−.373
|
−.346
|
−.430
|
−.498
|
FFI (
N = 62)
|
||||||
Foot pain
|
n.a.
|
.595
|
.582
|
.532
|
.622
|
.613
|
Difficulty with activities
|
n.a.
|
.615
|
.566
|
.536
|
.610
|
.623
|
Limitations
|
n.a.
|
.731
|
.729
|
.581
|
.744
|
.710
|
Construct validity
Factor 1
|
Factor 2
|
Factor 3
|
Factor 4
|
Factor 5
|
Factor 6
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Difficulty to…
|
||||||
1. Get in or out a low chair
|
.784
|
.050
|
−.201
|
.052
|
−.119
|
.261
|
2. Open bottles
|
−.153
|
−.121
|
.888
|
.129
|
.008
|
−.015
|
3. Shop groceries
|
.896
|
−.095
|
−.068
|
−.071
|
.229
|
.062
|
4. Climb stairs
|
1.003
|
−.063
|
−.227
|
.004
|
−.016
|
.040
|
5. Make a fist
|
−.259
|
−.070
|
.880
|
.092
|
−.116
|
.041
|
6. Use the bathtub or shower
|
.697
|
−.047
|
.042
|
.000
|
.331
|
.129
|
7. Get comfortable to sleep
|
.242
|
.031
|
.122
|
.104
|
.094
|
.650
|
8. Bend or Kneel down
|
.860
|
−.017
|
−.194
|
.064
|
−.066
|
.185
|
9. Use buttons or zippers
|
−.127
|
−.005
|
.899
|
−.015
|
.041
|
.088
|
10. Cut own fingernails
|
.187
|
.198
|
.524
|
−.242
|
.052
|
.173
|
11. Get dressed
|
.266
|
.137
|
.438
|
−.177
|
.217
|
.167
|
12. Walk
|
.976
|
−.020
|
−.172
|
−.048
|
−.006
|
.051
|
13. Move after sitting or lying down
|
.751
|
.035
|
−.074
|
.078
|
−.189
|
.246
|
14. Go out by yourself
|
.944
|
−.096
|
−.064
|
−.023
|
.165
|
−.002
|
15. Drive
|
.408
|
−.078
|
.140
|
−.010
|
.495
|
.016
|
16. Clean yourself after going to the bathroom
|
.577
|
.008
|
.215
|
−.006
|
.168
|
.206
|
17. Turn knobs or levers
|
.008
|
−.025
|
.796
|
.034
|
−.037
|
.098
|
18. Write or type
|
.008
|
−.137
|
.783
|
.191
|
−.076
|
−.113
|
19. Pivot
|
.627
|
−.037
|
.070
|
.100
|
.133
|
.291
|
20. Do your physical recreational activities
|
.810
|
.048
|
.004
|
−.045
|
.121
|
−.115
|
21. Do your leisure activities
|
.677
|
.048
|
.178
|
−.021
|
.221
|
−.015
|
22. Be sexually active
|
.269
|
−.023
|
−.111
|
.214
|
.636
|
.095
|
23. Do light housework
|
.580
|
.026
|
.336
|
−.047
|
.170
|
−.117
|
24. Do heavy housework
|
.723
|
.069
|
.207
|
−.008
|
.068
|
−.163
|
25. Do your usual work
|
.643
|
.229
|
.168
|
−.067
|
.029
|
−.197
|
Frequency…
|
||||||
26. Walk with a limp
|
.653
|
.101
|
−.203
|
.283
|
−.054
|
−.233
|
27. Avoid using painful limb or back
|
.447
|
.297
|
.063
|
.060
|
−.148
|
−.268
|
28. Leg locked or giving-away
|
.313
|
−.120
|
.085
|
.574
|
−.184
|
.178
|
29. Problems with concentration
|
−.119
|
.092
|
.058
|
.722
|
.188
|
.235
|
30. Doing too much one day affecting what you do the next day
|
−.046
|
−.025
|
.022
|
.762
|
.253
|
.087
|
31. Acting irritated towards those around you
|
−.221
|
.122
|
−.143
|
.679
|
.410
|
−.096
|
32. Being tired
|
.035
|
−.044
|
.139
|
.801
|
.005
|
.032
|
33. Feeling disabled
|
.177
|
.039
|
.202
|
.633
|
−.027
|
−.134
|
34. Feeling angry or frustrated because of injury
|
.086
|
.342
|
.014
|
.430
|
−.047
|
−.094
|
Bothered by…
|
||||||
35. Problems using arms or legs
|
.014
|
.832
|
.139
|
−.112
|
−.332
|
.040
|
36. Problems using your back
|
.040
|
.376
|
.366
|
.166
|
−.270
|
.042
|
37. Problems doing chores in and around home
|
.163
|
.672
|
.004
|
.033
|
.115
|
−.100
|
38. Problems with taking care of personal hygiene
|
.230
|
.574
|
.079
|
−.075
|
.192
|
−.039
|
39. Problems with sleep and rest
|
−.158
|
.721
|
.005
|
.091
|
.048
|
.393
|
40. Problems with leisure or recreational activities
|
.043
|
.817
|
−.158
|
.028
|
.196
|
.024
|
41. Problems with important people in your life
|
−.100
|
.797
|
−.130
|
.059
|
.145
|
.027
|
42. Problems with thinking, concentration, or remembering
|
−.202
|
.593
|
.022
|
.272
|
.132
|
.144
|
43. Problems coping with your injury or signs of wear
|
−.019
|
.878
|
−.087
|
−.022
|
−.241
|
−.002
|
44. Problems doing usual work
|
.129
|
.741
|
−.159
|
.059
|
.210
|
−.034
|
45. Problems feeling dependent on others
|
.007
|
.782
|
−.069
|
.018
|
.170
|
.015
|
46. Problems with stiffness and pain
|
.187
|
.749
|
.049
|
−.091
|
−.313
|
.054
|