Introduction
Methods
Participants
Instruments
DISABKIDS
Child Health Questionnaire
Clinical characteristics
Ethical considerations
Statistical analyses
Results
Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry (n = 2109) | Study cohort (n = 103) | p | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number
examined
|
Number examined
| ||||||
HbA1c (%) - mean (SD) | 2048 | 8.65 | (1.4) | 101 | 8.04 | (1.1) | < 0.001 |
Boys - n (%) | 2109 | 1114 | (53) | 102 | 53 | (52.0) | 0.92 |
Age(yrs)-mean (SD) | 2109 | 12. 9 | (3.8) | 102 | 13.6 | (2.6) | 0.07 |
BMI kg/m2- mean (SD) | 2081 | 20.4 | (3.9) | 100 | 20.8 | (3.6) | 0.29 |
Consultations last year - mean (SD) | 2068 | 3.7 | (1.7) | 102 | 3.3 | (1.3) | 0.02 |
Diabetes duration (yrs) -mean (SD) | 2109 | 5.2 | (3.6) | 102 | 4.6 | (3.5) | 0.06 |
Insulin pump - n (%) | 2109 | 1073 | (51) | 102 | 74 | (73) | < 0.001 |
Scale | n | Mean score (1-100) | Standard Deviation | Floor/ceiling n/n | "Chronbach alpha" | Mean inter-item correlation | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mental
| Mental independence | 103 | 78 | 13.7 | 0/7 | 0.75 | 0.33 |
Mental Emotion (Inner strength) | 103 | 77 | 15.6 | 0/8 | 0.85 | 0.47 | |
Social
| Social Inclusion | 102 | 80 | 11.5 | 0/3 | 0.60 | 0.22 |
Social exclusion (Social equality) | 103 | 83 | 13 | 0/8 | 0.70 | 0.30 | |
Physical
| Physical limitations (Physical ability) | 103 | 77 | 11.4 | 0/5 | 0.55 | 0.19 |
Medication/Treatment | 101 | 75 | 17.2 | 0/9 | 0.80 | 0.40 | |
Total score
| HRQOL | 100 | 78 | 16.9 | 0/0 | 0.92 | 0.25 |
Diabetes module
| Impact | 102 | 70 | 16.9 | 0/6 | 0.79 | 0.41 |
Treatment | 100 | 62 | 20.7 | 1/5 | 0.79 | 0.49 |
Reliability
Convergent validity
CHQ-CF87 | DISABKIDS | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DCGM-37
|
DDM-10
| ||||||||
Mental Independence (Inner strength)
|
Mental
Emotion
|
Social
Excl
|
Social
Incl
(Equality)
|
Physical limitations (abilities)
|
Treatment
|
DCGM-37 sumscore
|
DDM
impact
|
DDM
treatment
| |
Physical function | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.21* | 0.06 | 0.20 | 0.22 * | 0.19 | 0.19 |
Role emotional | 0.30** | 0.39*** | 0.28** | 0.27* | 0.36** | 0.59*** | 0.81*** | 0.67*** | 0.49*** |
Role behavioral | 0.20 | 0.23* | 0.15* | 0.11 | 0.32** | 0.23* | 0.27* | 0.22* | 0.19 |
Role physical | 0.26* | 0.18 | 0.21* | 0.17 | 0.34*** | 0.22* | 0.29** | 0.30** | 0.15 |
Bodily pain | 0.47*** | 0.51*** | 0.56*** | 0.49*** | 0.54*** | 0.49*** | 0.65*** | 0.38*** | 0.22* |
Behavior | 0.56*** | 0.59*** | 0.45*** | 0.45*** | 0.64*** | 0.60*** | 0.70*** | 0.54*** | 0.58*** |
Global behavior | 0.26* | 0.32** | 0.23* | 0.315** | 0.32** | 0.19 | 0.34*** | 0.26* | 0.05 |
Mental health | 0.69*** | 0.71*** | 0.58*** | 0.59*** | 0.71*** | 0.57*** | 0.81*** | 0.54*** | 0.55*** |
Self-esteem | 0.60*** | 0.58*** | 0.52*** | 0.58*** | 0.64*** | 0.50*** | 0.72*** | 0.51*** | 0.44*** |
General health | 0.54*** | 0.59*** | 0.54*** | 0.55*** | 0.60*** | 0.50*** | 0.70*** | 0.51*** | 0.44*** |
Change in Health | 0.21* | 0.25* | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.23* | 0.07* | 0.22* | 0.11 | 0.11 |
Family activity | 0.32* | 0.33*** | 0.24* | 0.14 | 0.22* | 0.34*** | 0.35*** | 0.34*** | 0.38*** |
Family cohesion | 0.33*** | 0.26* | 0.35*** | 0.36*** | 0.45*** | 0.31** | 0.43*** | 0.26* | 0.28** |
Discriminant validity
Age | HbA1c | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subscale
|
Unadjusted effect
|
p
|
Adjusted
effect
a
*
|
P
|
Unadjusted effect
|
p
|
Adjusted
effect
a
**
|
p
| |
Total sum- score
| HRQOL |
-0.94
|
0.08
|
-0.94
|
0.04
|
-2.49
|
0.01
|
-2.40
|
0.01
|
Mental
| Mental independence |
-0.78
|
0.15
|
-0.87
|
0.13
|
-0.58
|
0.64
|
0.62
|
0.62
|
Mental Emotion (Inner strength) |
-1.58
|
0.01
|
-1.684
|
0.01
|
-2.77
|
0.05
|
-2.73
|
0.05
| |
Social
| Social inclusion |
-0.75
|
0.11
|
-0.61
|
0.21
|
-2.49
|
0.02
|
-2.26
|
0.03
|
Social exclusion (Social equality) |
-0.57
|
0.29
|
-0.48
|
0.37
|
-2.16
|
0.06
|
-2.02
|
0.09
| |
Physical
| Physical limitations (Physical Ability) |
-0.78
|
0.09
|
-0.91
|
0.05
|
-3.19
|
0.001
|
-3.39
|
0.001
|
Medication/Treatment |
-1.27
|
0.07
|
-0.97
|
0.19
|
-3.77
|
0.01
|
-3.37
|
0.03
| |
Diabetes module
| Impact |
-1.47
|
0.03
|
-1.38
|
0.04
|
-4.43
|
0.002
|
-4.38
|
0.002
|
Treatment |
-3.01
|
0.001*
|
-2.84
|
0.001
|
-3.44
|
0.06
|
-2.54
|
0.16
|