Background
Methods
Population
Procedures
Data collection form
Reliability of information
Step 1 - comparative prevalence study
Step 2 - information concordance study
Data analysis
Results
Population | City A | City B | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CHW (N = 3819) | Researcher (N = 922) | CHW (N = 8241) | Researcher (N = 1963) | |||||
Prevalence | Prevalence | Prevalence | Prevalence | |||||
Disability | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % |
Visual | 16 | 0.42 | 10 | 1.08 | 16 | 0.19 | 14 | 0.71 |
Hearing | 8 | 0.21 | 7 | 0.76 | 5 | 0.06 | 6 | 0.31 |
Physical | 33 | 0.86 | 19 | 2.06 | 66 | 0.80 | 47 | 2.39 |
Intellectual | 20 | 0.52 | 17 | 1.84 | 26 | 0.32 | 22 | 1.12 |
Multiple | 16 | 0.42 | 9 | 0.98 | 23 | 0.28 | 22 | 1.12 |
Not classified | 22 | 0.58 | 0 | 0.00 | 29 | 0.35 | 0 | 0.00 |
Total | 115 | 3.01 | 62 | 6.72 | 165 | 2.00 | 111 | 5.65 |
Variables and Categorization | CHW | RES | k | Variables and Categorization | CHW | RES | k | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 106 |
N = 106 |
N = 106 |
N = 106 | ||||||||||
n |
%
| n | % | n |
%
| n | % | ||||||
1 | 1 - Female | 48 |
45.3
| 54 |
50.9
| 0.95 | 17 | 0 – Not until 18 years old | 77 |
72.6
| 84 |
79.2
| 0.39 |
2 - Male | 39 |
36.8
| 48 |
45.3
| 1 - Yes. up to 18 years old | 22 |
20.8
| 20 |
18.9
| ||||
Missing (gender) | 19 |
17.9
| 4 |
3.8
| MISSING (manifests in childhood) | 7 |
6.6
| 2 |
1.9
| ||||
2 | 1 - Illiterate | 59 |
55.7
| 66 |
62.3
| 0.69 | 18 | 0 – Not between 18 and 49 | 74 |
69.8
| 82 |
77.4
| 0.51 |
2 - Literate | 33 |
31.1
| 38 |
35.8
| 1 - Yes. between 18 and 49 | 23 |
21.7
| 22 |
20.8
| ||||
Missing (schooling) | 14 |
13.2
| 2 |
1.9
| MISSING (adulthood) | 9 |
8.5
| 2 |
1.9
| ||||
3 | 1 – Does not work | 92 |
86.8
| 93 |
87.7
| 0.36 | 19 | 0 - Not after 50 years | 81 |
76.4
| 83 |
78.3
| 0.61 |
2- Works | 9 |
8.5
| 10 |
9.4
| 1 - Yes. after 50 years | 17 |
16
| 21 |
19.8
| ||||
Missing (occupation) | 5 |
4.7
| 3 |
2.8
| MISSING (aging) | 7 |
6.6
| 2 |
1.9
| ||||
4 | 1 – Does not receive pension | 31 |
29.2
| 55 |
51.9
| 0.52 | 20 | 0 - Blank | 87 |
82.1
| 87 |
82.1
| 0.48 |
2 – Receives pension | 42 |
39.6
| 44 |
41.5
| 1 - See little from childhood | 2 |
1.9
| 3 |
2.8
| ||||
Missing (retirement) | 33 |
31.1
| 7 |
6.6
| 2 - Blind since birth | 2 |
1.9
| 0 |
0
| ||||
5 | 1 – Does not receive benefit | 27 |
25.5
| 47 |
44.3
| 0.62 | 3 - Became blind | 5 |
4.7
| 6 |
5.7
| ||
2 - Receives benefit | 54 |
50.9
| 43 |
40.6
| 4 - Lost his sight to blindness | 3 |
2.8
| 8 |
7.5
| ||||
Missing (benefit) | 25 |
23.6
| 16 |
15.1
| MISSING (visual impairment) | 7 |
6.6
| 2 |
1.9
| ||||
6 | 1 - Married | 31 |
29.2
| 32 |
30.2
| 0.69 | 21 | 0 - Blank | 86 |
81.1
| 87 |
82.1
| 0.65 |
2 - Single | 56 |
52.8
| 70 |
66
| 1 - Unilateral vision loss | 8 |
7.5
| 10 |
9.4
| ||||
Missing (marital status) | 19 |
17.9
| 4 |
3.8
| 2 - Bilateral vision loss | 3 |
2.8
| 6 |
5.7
| ||||
7 | 1 - Does not have children | 55 |
51.9
| 58 |
54.7
| 0.87 | MISSING (laterality) | 8 |
7.5
| 3 |
2.8
| ||
2 – Has children | 43 |
40.6
| 46 |
43.4
| 22 | 0 - Blank | 87 |
82.1
| 87 |
82.1
| 0.66 | ||
Missing (children) | 8 |
7.5
| 2 |
1.9
| 1 - There is no report | 2 |
1.9
| 6 |
5.7
| ||||
8 | 1 - Parents not related | 66 |
62.3
| 71 |
67
| 0.73 | 2 - Yes. there is a report | 8 |
7.5
| 9 |
8.5
| ||
2 – Parents related | 20 |
18.9
| 26 |
28.5
| MISSING (ophthalmologist report) | 9 |
8.5
| 4 |
3.8
| ||||
Missing (kinship) | 20 |
18.9
| 9 |
8.5
| 23 | 0 - Blank | 86 |
81.1
| 95 |
89.6
| 0.44 | ||
9 | 0 - Outbred | 61 |
57.5
| 71 |
67
| 0.55 | 1 - Retinitis pigmentary | 1 |
0.9
| 0 |
0
| ||
1- Uncle/Nephew | 1 |
0.9
| 0 |
0
| 2- Optic nerve atrophy | 0 |
0
| 1 |
0.9
| ||||
2 – Double first Cousins | 3 |
2.8
| 1 |
0.9
| 3 - Glaucoma | 2 |
1.9
| 3 |
2.8
| ||||
3 - Cousins 1st Degree | 13 |
12.3
| 13 |
12.3
| 4 - Other | 9 |
8.5
| 2 |
1.9
| ||||
4 - Cousins 2nd Degree | 5 |
4.7
| 7 |
6.6
| MISSING (diagnosis) | 8 |
7.5
| 5 |
4.7
| ||||
5 - Cousins 3rd Degree | 3 |
2.8
| 1 |
0.9
| 24 | 0 - Blank | 92 |
86.8
| 92 |
86.8
| 0.59 | ||
6 – More distant | 12 |
11.3
| 11 |
10.4
| 1 – Has been deaf since childhood | 1 |
0.9
| 3 |
2.8
| ||||
Missing (degree of kinship) | 8 |
7.5
| 2 |
1.9
| 2 - Deaf and dumb | 2 |
1.9
| 0 |
0
| ||||
10 | 0 - There is no visual impairment | 88 |
83
| 88 |
83
| 0.7 | 3 – Progressive loss of hearing | 8 |
7.5
| 8 |
7.5
| ||
1 – There is visual impairment | 13 |
12.3
| 18 |
17
| 4 - Was losing hearing | 1 |
0.9
| 2 |
1.9
| ||||
Missing (visual disabilities) | 5 |
4.7
| 0 |
0
| MISSING (hearing loss) | 2 |
1.9
| 1 |
0.9
| ||||
11 | 0 - There is no hearing deficiency | 93 |
87.7
| 93 |
87.7
| 0.77 | 25 | 0 - Blank | 92 |
86.8
| 92 |
86.8
| 0.87 |
1 - Yes. hearing | 12 |
11.3
| 13 |
12.3
| 1 - Unilateral hearing loss | 3 |
2.8
| 3 |
2.8
| ||||
Missing (hearing disabilities) | 1 |
0.9
| 0 |
0
| 2 - Bilateral hearing loss | 5 |
4.7
| 7 |
6.6
| ||||
12 | 0 – There is no physical disability | 49 |
46.2
| 50 |
47.2
| 0.81 | MISSING (laterality) | 6 |
5.7
| 4 |
3.8
| ||
1 – Yes. physical disability | 49 |
46.2
| 55 |
51.9
| 26 | 0 - Blank | 92 |
86.8
| 92 |
86.8
| 0.89 | ||
Missing (physical disability) | 8 |
7.5
| 1 |
0.9
| 1 - Did not have audiometry | 2 |
1.9
| 6 |
5.7
| ||||
13 | 0 - There is no intellectual deficiency | 66 |
62.3
| 69 |
65.1
| 0.85 | 2 – Yes. did audiometry | 2 |
1.9
| 4 |
3.8
| ||
1 - Yes. intellectual deficiency | 35 |
33
| 37 |
34.9
| MISSING (speech therapy) | 10 |
9.4
| 4 |
3.8
| ||||
Missing (intellectual deficiency) | 5 |
4.7
| 0 |
0
| 27 | 0 - Blank | 94 |
88.7
| 99 |
93.4
| 1.00 | ||
14 | 0 – Blank | 67 |
63.2
| 67 |
63.2
| 0.89 | 1- Deafness light degree | 0 |
0
| 0 |
0
| ||
1 – Intellectual deficiency | 26 |
24.5
| 31 |
29.2
| 2 - Moderate deafness | 0 |
0
| 0 |
0
| ||||
2 - T. Psychiatric | 4 |
3.8
| 2 |
1.9
| 3 - Severe deafness | 1 |
0.9
| 2 |
1.9
| ||||
3 - Psychiatric and intellectual | 2 |
1.8
| 2 |
1.9
| 4 - Deafness severe degree | 0 |
0
| 1 |
0.9
| ||||
Missing (association) | 7 |
6.6
| 4 |
3.8
| MISSING (degree of hearing loss) | 11 |
10.4
| 4 |
3.8
| ||||
15 | 0- Blank | 63 |
59.4
| 67 |
63.2
| 0.43 | 28 | 0 - Blank | 94 |
88.7
| 99 |
93.4
|
a
|
1 – There is no Down syndrome | 13 |
12.3
| 9 |
8.5
| 1 - Sensorineural loss | 0 |
0
| 1 |
0.9
| ||||
2 - Yes. Down syndrome | 1 |
0.9
| 3 |
2.8
| 2 - Conductive or mixed loss | 0 |
0
| 1 |
0.9
| ||||
Missing (Down syndrome) | 29 |
27.4
| 27 |
25.5
| MISSING | 12 |
11.3
| 5 |
4.7
| ||||
16 | 0 – It is not congenital | 61 |
57.5
| 62 |
58.5
| 0.68 | |||||||
1 - Yes. it is congenital | 38 |
35.8
| 42 |
Factors associated with the agreement variation
CHW | Items |
Kappa
| Items |
Kappa
| Items (n) |
Kappa
| p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.01.1-3 | 25 | 0.926 | 40 | 0.825 | 65 | 0.86 | <0.01 |
1.02.1-6 | 24 | 1.000 | 49 | 0.85 | 143 | 0.83 | <0.01 |
1.03.1-2 | 27 | 0.939 | 53 | 0.938 | 53 | 0.94 | <0.01 |
1.04.1-8 | 23 | 0.723 | 47 | 0.737 | 200 | 0.78 | <0.01 |
1.05.1-2 | 20 | 0.613 | 41 | 0.748 | 41 | 0.75 | <0.01 |
1.06.1-2 | 22 | 0.878 | 42 | 0.82 | 42 | 0.82 | <0.01 |
1.07.1-2 | 26 | 1.000 | 52 | 0.961 | 52 | 0.96 | <0.01 |
1.08.1-3 | 26 | 1.000 | 53 | 0.935 | 79 | 0.95 | <0.01 |
1.09.1-6 | 21 | 0.915 | 43 | 0.599 | 83 | 0.76 | <0.01 |
1.10.1-4 | 25 | 1.000 | 52 | 0.829 | 104 | 0.90 | <0.01 |
2.12.1-2 | 28 | 0.675 | 51 | 0.821 | 51 | 0.82 | <0.01 |
2.13.1 | 23 | 1.000 | 23 | 1 | 23 | 1.00 | <0.01 |
2.14.1-3 | 24 | 0.866 | 53 | 0.778 | 81 | 0.74 | <0.01 |
2.15.1 | 28 | 0.861 | 28 | 0.861 | 28 | 0.86 | <0.01 |
2.16.1-3 | 26 | 0.744 | 50 | 0.788 | 77 | 0.82 | <0.01 |
2.17.1-2 | 28 | 0.743 | 54 | 0.834 | 54 | 0.83 | <0.01 |
2.18.1-2 | 23 | 0.739 | 50 | 0.762 | 50 | 0.76 | <0.01 |
2.19.1-3 | 17 | 0.655 | 44 | 0.526 | 68 | 0.55 | <0.01 |
2.20.1-2 | 27 | 0.605 | 55 | 0.668 | 55 | 0.67 | <0.01 |
2.21.1-3 | 26 | 1.000 | 35 | 0.89 | 61 | 0.84 | <0.01 |
2.22.1-7 | 26 | 1.000 | 49 | 1 | 164 | 0.87 | <0.01 |
2.23.1-2 | 27 | 0.926 | 53 | 0.844 | 53 | 0.84 | <0.01 |
2.24.1-5 | 24 | 0.860 | 47 | 0.732 | 124 | 0.78 | <0.01 |
2.25.1 | 24 | 0.593 | 24 | 0.593 | 24 | 0.59 | <0.01 |
2.26.1-6 | 26 | 0.737 | 51 | 0.786 | 156 | 0.85 | <0.01 |
2.27.1-7 | 27 | 1.000 | 55 | 0.87 | 180 | 0.92 | <0.01 |
2.28.1 | 24 | 0.925 | 24 | 0.925 | 24 | 0.93 | <0.01 |
2.29.1-4 | 26 | 1.000 | 45 | 0.753 | 94 | 0.83 | <0.01 |
2.30.1-4 | 27 | 0.773 | 52 | 0.779 | 98 | 0.79 | <0.01 |
2.31.1-3 | 24 | 0.919 | 48 | 0.878 | 73 | 0.89 | <0.01 |
2.32.1-2 | 20 | 0.762 | 37 | 0.775 | 37 | 0.78 | <0.01 |
2.33.1-2 | 28 | 0.874 | 56 | 0.906 | 56 | 0.91 | <0.01 |
2.34.1-2 | 23 | 1.000 | 46 | 0.796 | 46 | 0.80 | <0.01 |
Kappa Total (2.969) | 2.589 | 0.808 | 0 |