Background
Main text
Plant–virus interaction-related molecular mechanisms
Historical perspective of molecular plant–virus interactions
Virusa | Avr or viral protein inducing resistanceb | Host Plant | Resistant gene | Resistant protein | Type of resistancec | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TCV | CP | Arabidopsis thaliana | HRT | CC-NB-LRR | HR | [16] |
CMV | CP | A. thaliana | RCY1 | CC-NB-LRR | HR | [17] |
PIAMV | (–) | A. thaliana | JAX1 | Jacalin-like lectin | Blocking RNA accumulation | [18] |
PVX | RdRP | A. thaliana | JAX1 | Jacalin Family | Blocking systemic movement | [19] |
TEV | (–) | A. thaliana | RTM3 | MATH-containing protein | Systemic resistance | [20] |
CaMV | P1 | A. thaliana | CAR1 | Not identified | HR | [21] |
TuMV | UN | Brassica compestris | BcTUR3 | TIR-NB-LRR | Systemic resistance | [22] |
TuMV | UN | B. compestris | TuRB07 | CC-NB-LRR | Extreme resistance | [23] |
TMV | CP | Capsicum annuum | L locus | CC-NB-LRR | HR | [24] |
PRSV | (–) | Cucumis melo | Prv (Muti alleles) | TIR-NB-LRR | HR | [25] |
PepMMoV, PepSMV, PVY | RdRp | C. annuum | Prv4 | CC-NB-LRR | HR | [26] |
CLRDV | Po | Gossypium hirsutum | cbd | TIR-NB-LRR | HR | [27] |
CABMV, TuYV, PLRV | Po | Nicotiana glutinosa | RPO1 | NB-LRR | HR | [28] |
ToYLCV | V1 and C3 | Solanum chilense | Ty1/Ty3 (Multi allelle) | RDR | RNA silencing | [29] |
ToYLCV | Rep/C1 | S. habrochites | Ty2 | CC-NB-LRR | HR | [30] |
TSWV | NSm | S. lycopersicum | 5w5b | NB-ARC-LRR | HR | [31] |
TSWV | NSm | N. alata | RTSW | CC-NB-LRR | HR | [32] |
PVX | CP | S. tuberosum | Rx1 | CC-NB-LRR | Translation arrest | [33] |
PVY | CP | S. stoloniferum | Rysto | TIR-NB-LRR | HR | [34] |
MYMV, BCMV | (–) | Vigna mungo | CYR1 | CC-NB-LRR | HR | [35] |
Virusa | Viral protein involved in resisanceb | Host plant | Gene/ Locus | Remarks | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BCMV | VPg | Phaseolus vulgaris | bc3 | eIF 4E (mutagenesis) | [38] |
CIYVV | Vpg | Pisium sativum | cyv1/cyv2 | eIF4E ( mutagenesis) | [39] |
TEV &PVY | VPg | Capsicum spp. | pvr1/pvr2 | eIF4E ( mutagenesis) | [40] |
RYMoV | Unknown | Oryza sativa | rymv2 | CPR5 homolog | [41] |
BCMV | Unknown | P. vulgaris | bc3 | eIF4E | [42] |
BaMMV | VPg | Hordeum vulgare | rym7 | eIF(iso)4E | [43] |
TuMV | Unknown | Brasssica juncea | retr03 | Mutation of eIF2Bβ | [44] |
PIAMV | TGB2, TGB3 | Arabidopsis thaliana | ? | Mutation of nCBP | [45] |
CBSV and UCBSV | VPg | Manihot esculenta | ? | Mutation of 4E (eIF4E) and nCBP | [46] |
PVY | VPg | Nicotina tabacum | va | eIF4E (iso) | [47] |
YoMV, ToMV, TMV, TMGMV, PMMoV | Nicotiana spp., Solanum lycopersicum, C. annuum, O. sativa | TOM1; TOM3 | EMS mutagenesis | ||
PepLCIV, PepLCAV | C. annuum | pepy1 | Silencing of CaPelota | [49] | |
ToMV, YoMV | A. thaliana, N. tabacum | ARL8 | Simultaneous mutation of ARL8a and ARL8b by T-DNA insertion | ||
TuMV, PPV | A. thaliana, N. tabacum, Zea mays, O. sativa, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum | DBP1 | T-DNA mutant | [51] | |
WMV, PPV, BaMV | S. lycopersicum, S. tuerosum, Populus trichocarpa, Sorghum bicolor, O. sativa, Tritichum aestivum, Z. mays | cPGK | Natural resistance gene, rwm1 in Arabibopsis thaliana CVI-0 ecotype | ||
PIAMV, PVX, AltMV | A. thaliana, O. sativa, S. lycopersicum | EXA1 | EMS mutagenesis | [54] | |
TuMV | A. thaliana, P. sativum, N. benthamiana | PVIP1, PVIP2 | Knockdown mutant of each PVIP | [55] | |
GFPV, CaMV | A. thaliana | PDLP1, PDLP2,PDLP3 | Triple mutant of PDLP1, PDLP2 and PDLP3 by T-DNA insertion | [56] | |
TuMV | A. thaliana | PCaP1 | T-DNA mutant | [57] | |
CaLCuV, TVCV, TuMV | A. thaliana | SYTA | T-DNA mutant | ||
TuMV | A. thaliana | Sec24a | EMS-induced mutant | [60] | |
TSWV | A. thaliana | RHD3 | T-DNA mutant | [61] | |
BaYMV, BaMMV | All plant species | PDIL5-1 | Natural resistance gene, rwm11 in barley | [62] | |
TuMV | All plant species | IRE1 | Double mutation of IRE1a and IRE1b by T-DNA insertion | [63] | |
TuMV, PVX | All plant species | bZIP60 | T-DNA mutant | ||
CMV | A. thaliana | HAT1, HAT2, HAT3 | Triple mutant by the HAT genes | [65] |
Resistance conferred by the interactions between R genes and plant viruses
Resistance conferred by antiviral RNA silencing
Resistance conferred by natural variants and manipulation of host susceptible factors for virus infection
Manipulation of host factors confer viral resistance
How to manipulate host factors: lessons from the manipulation of eIF4E family genes
Natural variation and in-frame deletion of eIF4E1 outstrip the null allele for viral resistance in tomato
Modified plant–virus interactions (MPVI)-mediated antiviral resistance
Molecular mechanisms for antiviral resistance induced by plant activators
Plant activator and microbea | Virusb | Host | Resistance | Hormonesc | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ASM | PIAMV, PVX, TuMV, CCYV | Nicotiana benthamiana,Cucumis melo | Systemic | SA | |
BABA | TMV | N. tabacum | HR | SA | [133] |
Probenazol | TMV | N. tabacum | HR | SA | [134] |
TMV | N. benthamiana | Systemic | BR | [135] | |
Brassinosteroid | RSV | Oyaza sativa | Systemic | JA/BR | [136] |
CMV | Cucurbita pepo | Systemic | BR | [137] | |
Chitosan | TBSV | Phaseolus vulgaris | HR | SA | [138] |
Quassinoids | TMV | N. tabacum, N. glutinosa | Systemic, HR | Not reported | [139] |
Quinolizidine alkaloids | TMV | N. tabacum | Systemic | Not reported | [140] |
Harpin popW | TMV | N. tabacum | HR | SA | [141] |
Soluble silicon | TRSV, TMV | N. tabacum | Systemic | SA | [142] |
Esterified whey protein fractions (EWPF) | TMV | N. tabacum | HR | SA | [143] |
Eudesmanolides | TMV | N. tabacum, N. glutinosa | Systemic, HR | SA | [144] |
Spermine and longer polyamines | CMV | Arabidopsis thaliana | Systemic | SA | [145] |
PABA | TMV | Capsicum annuum | Systemic | SA | [146] |
Eugenol | TYLCV | Solanum lycopersicum | Systemic | SA | [147] |
Ningnanmicin | TMV | N. tabacum | Systemic | SA | [148] |
SHAM | CMV | A. thaliana | Systemic | SA | [149] |
Ascorobic acid | TuMV | Brassica rapa | Systemic | JA | [150] |
2,3-butanediol | CMV, TMV | C. annuum | Systemic | SA/JA/ET | [151] |
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain MBI600 | TSWV, PVY | S. lycopersicum | Systemic | SA | [152] |
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain 5B6 | BBWV, CMV, PepMoV | C. annuum | Systemic | SA / JA | [153] |
Penicillium simplicissimum | CMV | A. thaliana, N. tabacum, N. benthamiana | Systemic | SA/ JA/ET | [154] |
Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 (T22) | CMV | S. lycopersicum | Systemic | SA/JA/ET | [155] |
Pseudozyma churashimaensis (Yeast) | CMV, PeMMoV, PeMoV, BBWV | C. annuum | Systemic | SA/JA/ET | [156] |