1978	Project SuperHeart. A Heart Disease Intervention Program. Annual Report 1978-1979		New York State Univ., Coll. at Cortland.						23								Project SuperHeart. A Heart Disease Intervention Program. Annual Report 1978-1979														CN-00241730				This document reports on the second year of a project developed to improve the cardiovascular health of elementary school children. The project objectives in the second year were to refine and expand the curriculum which included components on cardiovascular health, nutrition, and physical fitness. Increased family awareness and involvement were also sought. One responsibility assumed by the project was collection of baseline data to establish norms for children ages 6-12 years. Participants were randomly selected for the test and control groups, but children who had participated in the first year of the project were placed in a maintenance group to monitor their progress on a longitudinal basis. Program activities included vigorous physical exercise, classes on nutrition and a health lifestyle, and periodic monitoring of heart rate and lung capacity. Informational packets and a newsletter were sent to parents. Data on the project are presented in both narrative and tabular form and requirements are set forth for implementing a similar program in the public schools. Results indicated a significant improvement in the childrens' physical fitness, nutritional status, and health knowledge. (JD) [By permission, ERIC Processing and Reference Facility, US Department of Education]			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/730/CN-00241730/frame.html										
	1993	The Oslo Diet and Exercise Study (ODES): design and objectives		Controlled clinical trials			14		3	229-43						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		The Oslo Diet and Exercise Study (ODES): design and objectives								Pubmed 8339552						CN-00094744				The Oslo Diet and Exercise Study (ODES) is an unmasked randomized 2 x 2 factorial trial of 1-year duration for each participant. During 1990-1991 219 participants (198 males and 21 females) aged 41-50 were randomized into one of four treatment groups; no treatment (control), dietary changes alone, exercise alone, or a combination of the two treatments. At inclusion, the participants had no overt heart disease, but they had increased body weight; slightly increased blood pressure, serum triglycerides, and total cholesterol, and they had decreased HDL cholesterol. Further, they were all inactive at leisure time. The primary aim of the trial is to compare the isolated and combined effects of the four treatments on the variables fibrinogen, fibrinolytic capacity, coagulation factor VII, and platelet volume. A series of secondary hypotheses will also be tested, such as the effects on other coagulation and fibrinolytic components and activities; lipids and lipoproteins; fatty acids; glucose and insulin response to a glucose load; clinical, physiological, and anthropometric variables; and quality of life. The dietary treatments are adapted according to each participant's risk profile (level of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, and body weight). Fish and fish products are recommended. Special emphasis is put on caloric restriction in those who are overweight and those with elevated blood pressure. Exercise sessions take place three times a week under the guidance of highly qualified instructors. The aim is to increase peak oxygen uptake through aerobic endurance training. Adherence to the exercise program is monitored closely.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/744/CN-00094744/frame.html										
	2007	Seasonal variation in leisuretime physical activity among Canadians		Canadian Journal of Public Health			98		3	203-208								Seasonal variation in leisuretime physical activity among Canadians		0008-4263												2009618327. Language: English. Entry Date: 20080229. Revision Date: 20130215. Publication Type: journal article				BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality is higher in winter than summer, particularly in cold climates. Physical activity reduces CVD risk but climate impacts participation in physical activity. Canada has substantial climatic variation but its relation with physical activity is understudied. In this investigation, we evaluated the relation between seasonality and physical activity among Canadians. METHODS: We used public domain data from the Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2 (CCHS 2.2), a representative, cross-sectional sample of free-living Canadians in 2004. Leisure-time physical activity was measured using a modified version of the Physical Activity Monitor that was validated. Season was determined by the time of the interview, i.e., Winter: January 1 to March 31, Spring: April 1 to June 30, Summer: July 1 to September 30, and Fall: October 1 to December 31. In all multivariate models, we adjusted for age, sex, education, and income adequacy. RESULTS: There were 20,197 persons aged 19 years and older in this analysis. In the winter, 64% of Canadians were inactive as compared with 49% in the summer. Total average daily energy expenditure was 31.0% higher in summer than winter after multivariate adjustment. Leisure-time physical activity was 86% more likely in the summer than winter (multivariate OR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.40, 2.45). The relation between seasonality and physical activity was weakest in Newfoundland and Labrador and stronger in Saskatchewan and British Columbia (p-value for interaction = 0.02). INTERPRETATION: Seasonality impacts physical activity patterns in Canada and varies across the provinces. This needs to be considered in physical activity programming.	research. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Canada; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; Public Health. Special Interest: Public Health. No. of Refs: 32 ref. NLM UID: 0372714.
PMID: 17626385		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2009618327&site=ehost-live								rzh	EBSCOhost	
	2011	[Spinal anesthesia with various anesthetic agents due to endoscopic urological procedure in patient over 60 years old]		Anesteziologiia i reanimatologiia					6	24-9						Comparative Study; English Abstract; Randomized Controlled Trial		[Spinal anesthesia with various anesthetic agents due to endoscopic urological procedure in patient over 60 years old]								Pubmed 22379909						CN-00842610				Aim of the study is to compare efficiency and safety of method of spinal anesthesia with isobaric bypivacain (5 mg/ml) and ropivacain 5 (mg/ml) during performing transurethral resection of the prostate in patients over 60 years old. Methods 38 patients (68-82 years old ASAII-ASAIII) with hyperplasia of prostate gland were examined in randomized clinical study. Two methods of anesthetic management were compared. In first group of 19 patients was administrated intrathecal with isobaric bypivacain (5mg/ml), second group of 19 patients were administrated with ropivacain (5mg/ml). The efficiency of spinal anesthesia was estimated. Monitoring: Harvard standard of monitoring, ectodermic activity, characteristic of heart rhythm, medical audit. All patients in both groups were same age, physical status, anthropometric information, had equal duration of surgery and dose of local anesthetic agent (15mg). However difference between efficiency of spinal anesthesia was discovered. In group with bypivacain sensory block developed in 1.35 times faster it lasted on 1.22 time longer and motor block developed in 1.4 times faster with a longer duration in 1.32 times than group with ropivacain. Hemodynamic and condition of vegetatic homeostasis in both groups were almost equal but analyzed data presented that ropivacain (5 mg/ml) influenced hemodynamic less. Results of retrospective study demonstrates that it is safer to use isobaric ropivacain (5 ml/mg) in elderly patients for spinal anesthesia in 1.5 times p = 0,007). In conclusion spinal anesthesia with isobaric bypivacain (5mg/ml) more efficient because of duration and time of development of neuroaxial block on the other hand isobaric ropivacain 5 mg/ml is safer to use in patients older than 60 years old.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/610/CN-00842610/frame.html										
Y. Adachi, C. Sato, K. Yamatsu, S. Ito, K. Adachi and T. Yamagami	2007	A randomized controlled trial on the long-term effects of a 1-month behavioral weight control program assisted by computer tailored advice		Behaviour research and therapy			45		3	459-70						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		A randomized controlled trial on the long-term effects of a 1-month behavioral weight control program assisted by computer tailored advice								Pubmed 16713991						CN-00617376				OBJECTIVES: To examine the long-term effects of a new behavioral weight control program (Kenkou-tatsujin, KT program). The program consisted of twice-interactive letter communications including computer-tailored personal advice on treatment needs and behavioral modification. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial comparing Group KM: KT program with 6-month weight and targeted behavior's self-monitoring, Group K: KT program only, Group BM: an untailored self-help booklet with 7-month self-monitoring of weight and walking, and Group B: the self-help booklet only. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundreds and five overweight Japanese females were recruited via a local newspaper. MEASUREMENTS: Weight loss (body weight, BMI, reduction quotient, etc.) and behavioral changes (daily eating, exercise and sleeping habits). FINDINGS: A significant weight loss was observed in all groups. At 1 month, Groups KM and K were superior, but at 7 months, the mean weight loss was significantly more in Group KM than the other 3 groups. At 7 months, 8 dietary habits and 4 physical activities were improved in all subjects. Habitual improvement was related to the weight loss in Groups KM and K at 1 month.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/376/CN-00617376/frame.html										
M. Adams, J. Sallis, G. Norman, M. Hovell, E. Hekler and E. Perata	2014	An adaptive physical activity intervention for overweight adults: A randomized controlled trial		PloS one			8		12							Journal: Article		An adaptive physical activity intervention for overweight adults: A randomized controlled trial														CN-00979395				Background: Physical activity (PA) interventions typically include components or doses that are static across participants. Adaptive interventions are dynamic; components or doses change in response to short-term variations in participant's performance. Emerging theory and technologies make adaptive goal setting and feedback interventions feasible. Objective: To test an adaptive intervention for PA based on Operant and Behavior Economic principles and a percentilebased algorithm. The adaptive intervention was hypothesized to result in greater increases in steps per day than the static intervention. Methods: Participants (N = 20) were randomized to one of two 6-month treatments: 1) static intervention (SI) or 2) adaptive intervention (AI). Inactive overweight adults (85% women, M= 36.9+9.2 years, 35% non-white) in both groups received a pedometer, email and text message communication, brief health information, and biweekly motivational prompts. The AI group received daily step goals that adjusted up and down based on the percentile-rank algorithm and micro-incentives for goal attainment. This algorithm adjusted goals based on a moving window; an approach that responded to each individual's performance and ensured goals were always challenging but within participants' abilities. The SI group received a static 10,000 steps/day goal with incentives linked to uploading the pedometer's data. Results: A random-effects repeated-measures model accounted for 180 repeated measures and autocorrelation. After adjusting for covariates, the treatment phase showed greater steps/day relative to the baseline phase (p<.001) and a group by study phase interaction was observed (p =. 017). The SI group increased by 1,598 steps/day on average between baseline and treatment while the AI group increased by 2,728 steps/day on average between baseline and treatment; a significant between-group difference of 1,130 steps/day (Cohen's d =. 74). Conclusions: The adaptive intervention outperformed the static intervention for increasing PA. The adaptive goal and feedback algorithm is a "behavior change technology" that could be incorporated into mHealth technologies and scaled to reach large populations. 2013 Adams et al.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/395/CN-00979395/frame.html										
S. A. Adams, C. E. Matthews, C. B. Ebbeling, C. G. Moore, J. E. Cunningham, J. Fulton and J. R. Hebert	2005	The effect of social desirability and social approval on self-reports of physical activity.[Erratum appears in Am J Epidemiol. 2005 May 1;161(9):899]		American Journal of Epidemiology			161		4	389-98					Feb 15	Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		The effect of social desirability and social approval on self-reports of physical activity.[Erratum appears in Am J Epidemiol. 2005 May 1;161(9):899]	Am J Epidemiol	0002-9262					NIHMS242044
PMC2958515							15692083				The purpose of this investigation was to examine social desirability and social approval as sources of error in three self-reported physical activity assessments using objective measures of physical activity as reference measures. In 1997, women (n = 81) living in Worcester, Massachusetts, completed doubly labeled water measurements and wore an activity monitor for 14 days. They also completed seven interviewer-administered 24-hour physical activity recalls (PARs) and two different self-administered 7-day PARs. Measures of the personality traits "social desirability" and "social approval" were regressed on 1) the difference between physical activity energy expenditure estimated from doubly labeled water and each physical activity assessment instrument and 2) the difference between monitor-derived physical activity duration and each instrument. Social desirability was associated with overreporting of activity, resulting in overestimation of physical activity energy expenditure by 0.65 kcal/kg/day on the second 7-day PAR (95% confidence interval: 0.06, 1.25) and overestimation of activity durations by 4.15-11.30 minutes/day (both 7-day PARs). Social approval was weakly associated with underestimation of physical activity on the 24-hour PAR (-0.15 kcal/kg/day, 95% confidence interval: -0.30, 0.005). Body size was not associated with reporting bias in this study. The authors conclude that social desirability and social approval may influence self-reported physical activity on some survey instruments.	Adams, Swann Arp
Matthews, Charles E
Ebbeling, Cara B
Moore, Charity G
Cunningham, Joan E
Fulton, Jeanette
Hebert, James R
DK52079-02 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
R01 DK052079-02 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15692083http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:15692083&id=doi:&issn=0002-9262&volume=161&issue=4&spage=389&pages=389-98&date=2005&title=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&atitle=The+effect+of+social+desirability+and+social+approval+on+self-reports+of+physical+activity.&aulast=Adams&pid=%3Cauthor%3EAdams+SA%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E15692083%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29203, USA. swann.adams@palmettohealth.org						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

R. Agarwal and R. Light	2008	Physical activity and hemodynamic reactivity in chronic kidney disease		Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology			3		6	1660-8						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Physical activity and hemodynamic reactivity in chronic kidney disease								Pubmed 18922983						CN-00666210				BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an elevated cardiovascular risk. This study was designed to understand better the presence and strength of the relationship between physical activity and BP and to explore determinants of hemodynamic reactivity. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: Twenty-four patients with CKD (mean age 69.5 yr; 3.1 antihypertensive drugs; estimated GFR 47 ml/min per 1.73 m(2), albumin/creatinine ratio 403 mg/g) were studied on three occasions during a 6-wk period with 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring and simultaneous activity monitoring with wrist actigraphy. RESULTS: Nondippers were found have a greater level of sleep activity compared with dippers, although the awake activity level was similar (7.06 versus 6.73) between groups (P = 0.042 for interaction). In 3587 BP activity pairs, hemodynamic reactivity was variable between individuals (systolic BP reactivity 1.06 [SD 10.50]; diastolic BP reactivity 0.89 [SD 7.80] heart rate reactivity 1.18 [SD 11.00]); those who were more sedentary had a greater increment in systolic BP compared with those who were less sedentary. Antihypertensive drugs blunted hemodynamic reactivity. Hemodynamic reactivity was greatest between 12 a.m. and 8 a.m., making this a vulnerable period for cardiovascular events. CONCLUSIONS: Greater hemodynamic reactivity in sedentary people with CKD offers a possible and thus far unrecognized mechanism of cardiovascular damage. Besides reducing BP, antihypertensive drugs reduce hemodynamic reactivity, which offers another plausible mechanism of cardiovascular protection with their use.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/210/CN-00666210/frame.html										
G. Ahlborg and J. Lundberg	1991	Splanchnic release of neuropeptide Y during prolonged exercise with and without beta-adrenoceptor blockade in healthy man		Clinical physiology (Oxford, England)			11		4	343-51						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Splanchnic release of neuropeptide Y during prolonged exercise with and without beta-adrenoceptor blockade in healthy man								Pubmed 1680600						CN-00257780				Plasma levels of neuropeptide Y- (NPY-) like immunoreactivity (Li) and catecholamines in the brachial artery, femoral vein and hepatic vein were monitored during physical exercise in a total of 19 healthy men to detect any local release from the leg and splanchnic region. In addition, propranolol (0.15 mg kg-1 i.v.) was given during exercise to determine whether beta-adrenoceptor blockade influenced the increase in plasma NPY-Li and catecholamines. Leg and splanchnic blood flows were measured using indicator dilution techniques and indocyanine green dye. Graded arm exercise was associated with elevations of arterial plasma NPY-Li (two-fold) and noradrenaline (12-fold) comparable to those previously found during leg exercise. During prolonged leg exercise a significant vasoconstriction and release of NPY-Li and noradrenaline was observed in the splanchnic region while no net exchange was found in the exercising leg where marked vasodilatation occurred. Administration of propranolol during exercise produced a clear-cut additional increase in plasma NPY-Li as well as in noradrenaline and adrenaline. It is concluded that splanchnic vasoconstriction during exercise is associated with a local release of both NPY-Li and noradrenaline. The additional elevation in plasma NPY-Li and catecholamines after propranolol during exercise is probably due to increased nerve activity and/or decreased disposal.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/780/CN-00257780/frame.html										
C. Ahlgren, K. Waling, F. Kadi, M. Djupsjöbacka, L. Thornell and G. Sundelin	2001	Effects on physical performance and pain from three dynamic training programs for women with work-related trapezius myalgia		Journal of rehabilitation medicine			33		4	162-9						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects on physical performance and pain from three dynamic training programs for women with work-related trapezius myalgia								Pubmed 11506214						CN-00363610				To compare training programs for women with trapezius myalgia regarding physical performance and pain, 102 women were randomized to strength, endurance, co-ordination and non-training groups. Before and after the intervention, static strength and dynamic muscular endurance in shoulder muscles were measured on a Cybex II dynamometer. Muscle activity in shoulder muscles was monitored via surface EMG. The signal amplitude ratio between the active and passive phase of repeated contractions indicated the ability to relax. Pain at present, pain in general and pain at worst were measured on visual analogue scales. After training, within group comparisons showed that the training groups rated less pain, and in the strength training group ratings of pain at worst differed from the non-training group. Using the non-training group as a reference, static strength increased in the strength and endurance training groups and muscular endurance in all training groups. The study indicates that regular exercises with strength, endurance or co-ordination training of neck/shoulder muscles might alleviate pain for women with work-related trapezius myalgia.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/610/CN-00363610/frame.html										
S. Ahmaidi, J. Masse-Biron, B. Adam, D. Choquet, M. Freville, J.-P. Libert and C. Prefaut	1998	Effects of interval training at the ventilatory threshold an clinical and cardiorespiratory responses in elderly humans		European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology			78		2	170-6								Effects of interval training at the ventilatory threshold an clinical and cardiorespiratory responses in elderly humans														CN-00201000				This study assessed clinical and cardiorespiratory responses after an interval training programme in sedentary elderly adults using the ventilatory threshold (V(th)) as the index of exercise training intensity. A selection of 22 subjects were randomized into two groups: 11 subjects served as the training group (TG) and the others as controls (CG). Maximal exercise tests were performed on a treadmill before (T0), each month (T1, T2) and after the 3-month interval training programme period (T2). The TG subjects were individually trained at the heart rare corresponding to V(th) measured at T0, T1 and T2 as the breakpoint in the oxygen uptake-carbon dioxide production relationship. Their training programme consisted of walking/jogging sessions on a running track twice a week. The sessions consisted of varying durations of exercise alternating with active recovery in such a way that the subjects slowly increased their total excercise time from an initial duration of 30 min to a final duration of 1 h. During training the heart rate was continuously monitored by a cardiofrequency meter. Compared with the daily activities of the controls, no training programme-related injuries were observed in TG. Moreover, programme adherence (73%) and attendance (97.3%) were high. The maximal oxygen uptake and V(th) were increased in TG, by 20% (P < 0.05) and 26% (P < O.Ol), respectively. Interval training at V(th) also significantly increased maximal 02 pulse (P < 0.05) and maximal ventilation (P < 0.01). A significant decrease in submaximal ventilation (P < 0.05) and heart rate (P < 0.01) was also noted. These results would suggest that for untrained elderly adults, an interval training programme at the intensity of V(th) may be well-tolerated clinically and may significantly improve both maximal aerobic power and submaximal exercise tolerance. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B. V., Amsterdam. All Rights Reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/000/CN-00201000/frame.html										
S. Ahmaidi, J. Masse-Biron, B. Adam, D. Choquet, M. Freville, J. Libert and C. Prefaut	1998	Effects of interval training at the ventilatory threshold on clinical and cardiorespiratory responses in elderly humans		European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology			78		2	170-6						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of interval training at the ventilatory threshold on clinical and cardiorespiratory responses in elderly humans								Pubmed 9694317						CN-00685164				This study assessed clinical and cardiorespiratory responses after an interval training programme in sedentary elderly adults using the ventilatory threshold (Vth) as the index of exercise training intensity. A selection of 22 subjects were randomized into two groups: 11 subjects served as the training group (TG) and the others as controls (CG). Maximal exercise tests were performed on a treadmill before (T0), each month (T1, T2) and after the 3-month interval training programme period (T3). The TG subjects were individually trained at the heart rate corresponding to Vth measured at T0, T1 and T2 as the breakpoint in the oxygen uptake-carbon dioxide production relationship. Their training programme consisted of walking/jogging sessions on a running track twice a week. The sessions consisted of varying durations of exercise alternating with active recovery in such a way that the subjects slowly increased their total exercise time from an initial duration of 30 min to a final duration of 1 h. During training the heart rate was continuously monitored by a cardiofrequency meter. Compared with the daily activities of the controls, no training programme-related injuries were observed in TG. Moreover, programme adherence (73%) and attendance (97.3%) were high. The maximal oxygen uptake and Vth were increased in TG, by 20% (P<0.05) and 26% (P<0.01), respectively. Interval training at Vth also significantly increased maximal O2 pulse (P<0.05) and maximal ventilation (P<0.01). A significant decrease in submaximal ventilation (P<0.05) and heart rate (P<0.01) was also noted. These results would suggest that for untrained elderly adults, an interval training programme at the intensity of Vth may be well-tolerated clinically and may significantly improve both maximal aerobic power and submaximal exercise tolerance.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/164/CN-00685164/frame.html										
R. Ahmed, W. Thomas, D. Yee and K. Schmitz	2006	Randomized controlled trial of weight training and lymphedema in breast cancer survivors		Journal of clinical oncology			24		18	2765-72						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Randomized controlled trial of weight training and lymphedema in breast cancer survivors								Pubmed 16702582						CN-00556364				PURPOSE: Lymphedema is a common condition that breast cancer survivors face. Despite a lack of supporting evidence from prospective observational studies, occupational and leisure time physical activity are feared to be possible risk factors for lymphedema onset or exacerbation. We examined effects of supervised upper- and lower-body weight training on the incidence and symptoms of lymphedema in 45 breast cancer survivors who participated in the Weight Training for Breast Cancer Survivors study. METHODS: Participants were on average 52 years old, 4 to 36 months post-treatment, and had axillary dissection as part of their treatment. Thirteen women had prevalent lymphedema at baseline. The intervention was twice-a-week weight training over a period of 6 months. Lymphedema was monitored at baseline and 6 months by measuring the circumference of each arm, and by self-report of symptoms and clinical diagnosis. RESULTS: None of the intervention-group participants experienced a change in arm circumferences > or = 2.0 cm after a 6-month exercise intervention. Self-reported incidence of a clinical diagnosis of lymphedema or symptom changes over 6 months did not vary by intervention status (P = .40 and P = .22, respectively). CONCLUSION: This is the largest randomized controlled trial to examine associations between exercise and lymphedema in breast cancer survivors. The results of this study support the hypotheses that a 6-month intervention of resistance exercise did not increase the risk for or exacerbate symptoms of lymphedema. These results herald the need to start reevaluating common clinical guidelines that breast cancer survivors avoid upper body resistance activity for fear of increasing risk of lymphedema.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/364/CN-00556364/frame.html										
R. Ahola, R. Pyky, T. Jämsä, M. Mäntysaari, H. Koskimäki, T. Ikäheimo, M. Huotari, J. Röning, H. Heikkinen and R. Korpelainen	2013	Gamified physical activation of young men--a Multidisciplinary Population-Based Randomized Controlled Trial (MOPO study)		BMC public health			13			32						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Gamified physical activation of young men--a Multidisciplinary Population-Based Randomized Controlled Trial (MOPO study)								Pubmed 23311678						CN-00853604				BACKGROUND: Inactive and unhealthy lifestyles are common among adolescent men. The planned intervention examines the effectiveness of an interactive, gamified activation method, based on tailored health information, peer networks and participation, on physical activity, health and wellbeing in young men. We hypothesize that following the intervention the physical activation group will have an improved physical activity, as well as self-determined and measured health compared with the controls. METHODS/DESIGN: Conscription-aged men (18 years) attending compulsory annual call-ups for military service in the city of Oulu in Finland (n = 1500) will be randomized to a 6-months intervention (n = 640) or a control group (n = 640) during the fall 2013. A questionnaire on health, health behaviour, diet and wellbeing is administered in the beginning and end of the intervention. In addition, anthropometric measures (height, weight and waist circumference), body composition, grip strength, heart rate variability and aerobic fitness will be measured. The activation group utilizes an online gamified activation method in combination with communal youth services, objective physical activity measurement, social networking, tailored health information and exercise programs according to baseline activity level and the readiness of changes of each individual. Daily physical activity of the participants is monitored in both the activation and control groups. The activation service rewards improvements in physical activity or reductions in sedentary behaviour. The performance and completion of the military service of the participants will also be followed. DISCUSSION: The study will provide new information of physical activity, health and health behaviour of young men. Furthermore, a novel model including methods for increasing physical activity among young people is developed and its effects tested through an intervention. This unique gamified service for activating young men can provide a translational model for community use. It can also be utilized as such or tailored to other selected populations or age groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01376986.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/604/CN-00853604/frame.html										
J. Ahrens, S. Crixell, L. Lloyd and J. Walker	2007	The physiological effects of caffeine in women during treadmill walking		Journal of strength and conditioning research			21		1	164-8						Randomized Controlled Trial		The physiological effects of caffeine in women during treadmill walking								Pubmed 17313293						CN-00578659				Although the effects of caffeine ingestion on athletic performance in men have been studied extensively, there is limited previous research examining caffeine's effects on women of average fitness levels participating in common modes of physical activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 2 levels of caffeine dosage on the metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses to treadmill walking in women. Subjects were 20 women (19-28 years of age) of average fitness, not habituated to caffeine. Each subject was assigned randomly a 3-mg x kg(-1) dose of caffeine, 6-mg x kg(-1) dose of caffeine, and placebo for 3 trials of moderate steady-state treadmill walking at 94 m x min(-1) (3.5 mph). Steady-state rating of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), weight-relative VO2, %VO2max reserve (%VO2R), and rate of energy expenditure (REE) were measured during each trial. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that a 6-mg x kg(-1), but not a 3-mg x kg(-1) dose of caffeine increased VO2 (p = 0.04), REE (p = 0.03), and %VO2R (p = 0.03), when compared to the placebo. Caffeine had no effect on RPE, HR, or RER. No significant differences were observed between the placebo trials and the 3-mg x kg(-1) dose trials. Although a 6-mg x kg(-1) dose of caffeine significantly increased REE during exercise, the observed increase (approximately 0.23 kcal x min(-1)) would not noticeably affect weight loss. Because caffeine had no effect on RPE, it would not be prudent for a trainer to recommend caffeine in order to increase a woman's energy expenditure or to decrease perception of effort during mild exercise. These data also demonstrate that caffeine intake should not interfere with monitoring walking intensity by tracking exercise heart rate in women.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/659/CN-00578659/frame.html										
M. Aittasalo, S. Miilunpalo, K. Kukkonen-Harjula and M. Pasanen	2006	A randomized intervention of physical activity promotion and patient self-monitoring in primary health care		Preventive medicine			42		1	40-6						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		A randomized intervention of physical activity promotion and patient self-monitoring in primary health care								Pubmed 16297442						CN-00561528				OBJECTIVES: To examine the effectiveness of prescription-based counseling and self-monitoring in the promotion of physical activity in primary health care. METHODS: The study was conducted in Finland during 2003-2004. Physicians from 24 health care units (N = 67) were randomized to a prescription or a non-prescription group. The patients (N = 265) were assigned to the groups according to their physician. Every other patient of the non-prescription physicians received a pedometer and a physical activity log (MON) and feedback about their 5-day-recordings, the rest served as controls (CON). PA was assessed prior and 2 and 6 months after the physician's appointment with a questionnaire. RESULTS: The mean increase in weekly overall physical activity at 2 months was 1.0 (95% CI 0.0 to 2.0) session more in the prescription group than in controls. In at least moderate-intensity physical activity, the mean difference in changes was 0.8 (95% CI 0.1 to 1.5) sessions at 2 months and 0.9 (95% CI 0.2 to 1.5) sessions at 6 months for the favor of the prescription group. Compared to controls, self-monitoring increased the weekly duration of overall PA at 2 months on average by 217 min (95% CI 23 to 411). CONCLUSIONS: Prescription can be recommended as a tool for primary health care physicians to promote physical activity. Self-monitoring with an expert feedback can be useful in increasing especially the weekly duration of overall physical activity in the short term.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/528/CN-00561528/frame.html										
J. Akers, R. Cornett, J. Savla, K. Davy and B. Davy	2012	Daily self-monitoring of body weight, step count, fruit/vegetable intake, and water consumption: a feasible and effective long-term weight loss maintenance approach		Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics			112		5	685-692.e2						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Daily self-monitoring of body weight, step count, fruit/vegetable intake, and water consumption: a feasible and effective long-term weight loss maintenance approach								Pubmed 22709772						CN-00832707				Maintenance of weight loss remains a challenge for most individuals. Thus, practical and effective weight-loss maintenance (WTLM) strategies are needed. A two-group 12-month WTLM intervention trial was conducted from June 2007 to February 2010 to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of a WTLM intervention for older adults using daily self-monitoring of body weight, step count, fruit/vegetable (F/V) intake, and water consumption. Forty weight-reduced individuals (mean weight lost=6.7±0.6 kg; body mass index [calculated as kg/m²] 29.2±1.1), age 63±1 years, who had previously participated in a 12-week randomized controlled weight-loss intervention trial, were instructed to record daily body weight, step count, and F/V intake (WEV [defined as weight, exercise, and F/V]). Experimental group (WEV+) participants were also instructed to consume 16 fl oz of water before each main meal (ie, three times daily), and to record daily water intake. Outcome measures included weight change, diet/physical activity behaviors, theoretical constructs related to health behaviors, and other clinical measures. Statistical analyses included growth curve analyses and repeated measures analysis of variance. Over 12 months, there was a linear decrease in weight (?=-0.32, P<0.001) and a quadratic trend (?=0.02, P<0.01) over time, but no group difference (?=-0.23, P=0.08). Analysis of the 365 days of self-reported body weight for each participant determined that weight loss was greater over the study period in the WEV+ group than in the WEV group, corresponding to weight changes of -0.67 kg and 1.00 kg, respectively, and an 87% greater weight loss (?=-0.01, P<0.01). Overall compliance to daily tracking was 76%±5%. Daily self-monitoring of weight, physical activity, and F/V consumption is a feasible and effective approach for maintaining weight loss for 12 months, and daily self-monitoring of increased water consumption may provide additional WTLM benefits.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/707/CN-00832707/frame.html										
A. Akin, G. Guler, A. Esmaoglu, N. Bedirli and A. Boyaci	2005	A comparison of fentanyl-propofol with a ketamine-propofol combination for sedation during endometrial biopsy		Journal of clinical anesthesia			17		3	187-90						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		A comparison of fentanyl-propofol with a ketamine-propofol combination for sedation during endometrial biopsy								Pubmed 15896585						CN-00521947				STUDY OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical activities of ketamine and fentanyl when used in combination with propofol for outpatients undergoing endometrial biopsy. The investigated parameters were respiration, sedation, recovery rate, side effects, time to discharge, and patient satisfaction. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind study. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: Forty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II patients (age range 38-61 years) scheduled for elective endometrial biopsy. INTERVENTIONS: Patients received intravenous bolus doses of either fentanyl 1 microg/kg and propofol 1 mg/kg in (group 1 n = 20) or ketamine 0.5 mg/kg and propofol 1 mg/kg in (group 2 n = 20). MEASUREMENTS: Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, and peripheral O(2) saturation were monitored in all patients. Depth of sedation was assessed by the Ramsay sedation score. The Aldrete score was used for postoperative recovery evaluation. The time to Aldrete score >/=8, side effects, and time to discharge were recorded. MAIN RESULTS: Respiratory depression was observed in 5 patients from group 1 and 1 patient from group 2, but the difference was not significant (P > .05). Nausea, vertigo, and visual disturbances were more frequent in group 2 (P < .05). The time to Aldrete score >/=8 was similar in the 2 groups (6.2 +/- 3.5 minutes in group 1 and 7.0 +/- 3.1 minutes in group 2); the time to discharge was significantly longer in group 2 (71.2 +/- 9.7 minutes in group 1 and 115.2 +/- 25.6 minutes in group 2). Frequency of patient satisfaction was 95% in group 1 and 60% in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: Hemodynamic change and degrees of sedation showed that fentanyl-propofol and ketamine-fentanyl combinations can be used safely in patients undergoing endometrial biopsy. However, with regard to side effects and patient satisfaction, the fentanyl-propofol was superior.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/947/CN-00521947/frame.html										
A. Albisser, R. Harris, S. Sakkal, I. Parson and S. Chao	1996	Diabetes intervention in the information age		Medical informatics = Médecine et informatique			21		4	297-316						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Diabetes intervention in the information age								Pubmed 9179834						CN-00140421				Sustained improvement in blood glucose control is the only treatment outcome which will reduce or eliminate the long term complications of diabetes mellitus. We have designed and evaluated an electronic information system which facilitates this task. The system is voice-interactive, physician directed and affords, to remote patients, 24 h access via touch-tone telephone. Accordingly, patients access the system each day to report self-measured blood glucose levels or hypoglycaemic symptoms together with dietary changes, planned exercise, stress, illness or other lifestyle events. In turn they receive immediate advice with respect to medication dosing changes, and other pertinent feedback. Preliminary system beta-testing for safety and efficacy was performed for one year in an open study of 204 patients derived from two independent, health-care environments. Among the two testing centres, over 60,000 telephone cells were received by the computer systems during the start-up year. Safety and efficacy expectations were met. In addition, prevalence of diabetes related crises (hyperglycaemia or hypoglycaemia) fell approximately 3-fold. Glycated haemoglobin fell significantly (1.0-1.3%) in patients actively using the system. In control groups of patients not actively using the system, there were no improvements in metabolic control while body weights were stable in all groups. The new system was safe and effective in our hands and empowered our health professionals to provide improved diabetes care.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/421/CN-00140421/frame.html										
C. L. Albright, A. D. Steffen, R. Novotny, C. R. Nigg, L. R. Wilkens, K. Saiki, P. Yamada, B. Hedemark, J. E. Maddock, A. L. Dunn and W. J. Brown	2012	Baseline results from Hawaii's Na Mikimiki Project: a physical activity intervention tailored to multiethnic postpartum women		Women & Health			52		3	265-91						Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Baseline results from Hawaii's Na Mikimiki Project: a physical activity intervention tailored to multiethnic postpartum women	Women Health	1541-0331					PMC3379789							22533900				During the postpartum period, ethnic minority women have higher rates of inactivity/under-activity than white women. The Na Mikimiki ("the active ones") Project is designed to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity over 18 months among multiethnic women with infants 2-12 months old. The study was designed to test, via a randomized controlled trial, the effectiveness of a tailored telephone counseling of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity intervention compared to a print/website materials-only condition. Healthy, underactive women (mean age = 32 + 5.6 years) with a baby (mean age = 5.7 + 2.8 months) were enrolled from 2008-2009 (N = 278). Of the total sample, 84% were ethnic minority women, predominantly Asian-American and Native Hawaiian. Mean self-reported baseline level of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was 40 minutes/week with no significant differences by study condition, ethnicity, infant's age, maternal body mass index, or maternal employment. Women had high scores on perceived benefits, self-efficacy, and environmental support for exercise but low scores on social support for exercise. This multiethnic sample's demographic and psychosocial characteristics and their perceived barriers to exercise were comparable to previous physical activity studies conducted largely with white postpartum women. The Na Mikimiki Project's innovative tailored technology-based intervention and unique population are significant contributions to the literature on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in postpartum women.	Albright, Cheryl L
Steffen, Alana D
Novotny, Rachel
Nigg, Claudio R
Wilkens, Lynne R
Saiki, Kara
Yamada, Paulette
Hedemark, Brooke
Maddock, Jason E
Dunn, Andrea L
Brown, Wendy J
CA115614 (United States NCI NIH HHS)
CA115614-03S1 (United States NCI NIH HHS)
R01 CA115614-03S1 (United States NCI NIH HHS)
R01 CA115614-04 (United States NCI NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22533900http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22533900&id=doi:10.1080%2F03630242.2012.662935&issn=0363-0242&volume=52&issue=3&spage=265&pages=265-91&date=2012&title=Women+%26+Health&atitle=Baseline+results+from+Hawaii%27s+Na+Mikimiki+Project%3A+a+physical+activity+intervention+tailored+to+multiethnic+postpartum+women.&aulast=Albright&pid=%3Cauthor%3EAlbright+CL%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22533900%3C%2FAN%3E		University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. cherylal@hawaii.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. L. Albright, A. D. Steffen, R. Novotny, C. R. Nigg, L. R. Wilkens, K. Saiki, P. Yamada, B. Hedemark, J. E. Maddock, A. L. Dunn and W. J. Brown	2012	Baseline Results from Hawaii's Nā Mikimiki Project: A Physical Activity Intervention Tailored to Multiethnic Postpartum Women		Women & Health			52		3	265-291								Baseline Results from Hawaii's Nā Mikimiki Project: A Physical Activity Intervention Tailored to Multiethnic Postpartum Women		0363-0242												2011529316. Language: English. Entry Date: 20120608. Revision Date: 20120907. Publication Type: journal article				During the postpartum period, ethnic minority women have higher rates of inactivity/under-activity than white women. The Nā Mikimiki (“the active ones”) Project is designed to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity over 18 months among multiethnic women with infants 2–12 months old. The study was designed to test, via a randomized controlled trial, the effectiveness of a tailored telephone counseling of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity intervention compared to a print/website materials-only condition. Healthy, underactive women (mean age = 32 ± 5.6 years) with a baby (mean age = 5.7 ± 2.8 months) were enrolled from 2008–2009 (N = 278). Of the total sample, 84% were ethnic minority women, predominantly Asian–American and Native Hawaiian. Mean self-reported baseline level of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was 40 minutes/week with no significant differences by study condition, ethnicity, infant's age, maternal body mass index, or maternal employment. Women had high scores on perceived benefits, self-efficacy, and environmental support for exercise but low scores on social support for exercise. This multiethnic sample's demographic and psychosocial characteristics and their perceived barriers to exercise were comparable to previous physical activity studies conducted largely with white postpartum women. The Nā Mikimiki Project's innovative tailored technology-based intervention and unique population are significant contributions to the literature on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in postpartum women.	pictorial; randomized controlled trial; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Women's Health. Grant Information: National Cancer Institute; NIH Award Numbers CA115614 and CA115614-03S1.. No. of Refs: 54 ref. NLM UID: 9421509.		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2011529316&site=ehost-live		University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA
Klein Buendel, Inc., USA
School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, Australia						rzh	EBSCOhost	
C. Alessi, J. Schnelle, P. MacRae, J. Ouslander, N. al-Samarrai, S. Simmons and S. Traub	1995	Does physical activity improve sleep in impaired nursing home residents?		Journal of the American Geriatrics Society			43		10	1098-102						Clinical Trial; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Does physical activity improve sleep in impaired nursing home residents?								Pubmed 7560698						CN-00118400				OBJECTIVES: To determine if two physical activity programs of varying intensity would result in improved sleep among incontinent and physically restrained nursing home residents. DESIGN: Controlled trials of two physical activity programs. SETTING: Seven community nursing homes in the Los Angeles area. PARTICIPANTS: Residents were included if they had urinary incontinence or were physically restrained. Sixty-five subjects were studied. Mean age was 84.8 years, 85% were female, mean length of residency in the nursing home was 19.9 months, and mean Mean Mini-Mental State Exam score was 13.1. INTERVENTION: The first physical activity program involved sit-to-stand repetitions and/or transferring and walking or wheelchair propulsion. These activities were performed every 2 hours during the daytime, 5 days per week for 9 weeks. The second, less frequent physical activity program involved rowing in a wheelchair-accessible rowing machine plus walking or wheelchair propulsion once per day three times per week for 9 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: The physical function measures reported here include mobility endurance (maximum time walking or wheeling) and physical activity as measured by motion sensors (Caltrac). Nighttime sleep was estimated by wrist activity monitors. Nighttime sleep measures included total time asleep, percent sleep, average duration of sleep, and peak duration of sleep. Daytime sleep was measured by timed behavioral observations of sleep versus wakefulness performed every 15 minutes during the day. RESULTS: Nighttime sleep was markedly disrupted in both groups at baseline. Across all subjects at baseline, the average total sleep time was 6.2 hours and the percent sleep was 72.0%, but the average duration of sleep episodes was only 21.2 minutes and the peak duration of sleep episode averaged only 83.8 minutes. During the daytime, subjects were observed asleep during 14.5% of observations. Although there was improvement in mobility endurance in the intervention subjects compared with controls (MANOVA F = 4.36, P = .042), there were no differences in the night and day sleep measures at follow-up testing. Even among a subgroup of intervention subjects who showed a 30% or greater improvement in mobility endurance, sleep did not improve at follow-up compared with baseline. CONCLUSION: This study supports our previous findings of marked sleep disruption in impaired nursing home residents. In addition, despite documented improvements in physical function with activity, we did not find improvements in sleep in the intervention versus control groups. These results suggest that increasing daytime physical activity alone is not adequate to improve sleep in impaired NH residents. Future efforts to improve sleep in this population should take into account the multifactorial nature of sleep disruption, including individual health problems that effect sleep and the disruptive nature of the nighttime NH environment.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/400/CN-00118400/frame.html										
C. Alessi, E. Yoon, J. Schnelle, N. Al-Samarrai and P. Cruise	1999	A randomized trial of a combined physical activity and environmental intervention in nursing home residents: do sleep and agitation improve?		Journal of the American Geriatrics Society			47		7	784-91						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		A randomized trial of a combined physical activity and environmental intervention in nursing home residents: do sleep and agitation improve?								Pubmed 10404920						CN-00165212				OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to test whether an intervention combining increased daytime physical activity with improvement in the nighttime environment improves sleep and decreases agitation in nursing home residents. DESIGN: A randomized trial. SETTING: One community nursing home in the Los Angeles, California area. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-nine incontinent residents (mean age 88.3 years, 90% female). INTERVENTION: Subjects were randomized to receive either (1) an intervention combining increased daytime physical activity (14 weeks in duration) plus a nighttime program (5 nights in duration) to decrease noise and sleep-disruptive nursing care practices (intervention group), or (2) the nighttime program alone (control group). MEASUREMENTS: Daytime physical activity monitors and structured physical function assessments; nighttime wrist activity monitors to estimate nighttime sleep; and timed daytime behavioral observations of sleep versus wakefulness, either in or out of bed, and agitation. RESULTS: Physical function measures did not change significantly (MANOVA for repeated measures, group by time effect). Wrist actigraphy estimation of nighttime percent sleep (time asleep over time monitored in bed at night) increased in intervention subjects from 51.7% at baseline to 62.5% at follow-up compared with 67.0% at baseline to 66.3% at follow-up in controls (MANOVA, group by time, F = 4.42, P = .045, df = 27). At follow-up, intervention subjects averaged a 32% decrease in the percent of daytime observations in bed compared with baseline, with essentially no change in controls (MANOVA, group by time, F = 5.31, P = .029, df = 27). Seven of 15 intervention subjects had a decrease in observed agitation at follow-up, compared with baseline, versus only 1 of 14 controls with a decrease in observed agitation. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides preliminary evidence that an intervention combining increased physical activity with improvement in the nighttime nursing home environment improves sleep and decreases agitation in nursing home residents.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/212/CN-00165212/frame.html										
J. Alexander, W. Phillips and C. Wagner	2008	The effect of strength training on functional fitness in older patients with chronic lung disease enrolled in pulmonary rehabilitation		Rehabilitation nursing			33		3	91-7						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		The effect of strength training on functional fitness in older patients with chronic lung disease enrolled in pulmonary rehabilitation								Pubmed 18517143						CN-00640040				The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a strength training-enhanced program and a traditional pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program on functional fitness (FF) in older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), using the Senior Fitness Test. Twenty patients were recruited from an outpatient PR program. After completing baseline measures, including muscular strength and the Senior Fitness Test, patients were randomly assigned to the strength training program (TR+ST, n = 10) or traditional PR program (TR, n = 10). Patients completed 16 exercise sessions that were conducted twice a week for 8-10 weeks, after which patients repeated outcome measurements. Independent t tests were conducted to determine whether groups differed between measures. Both the TR+ST and TR groups improved on all FF measures. Moderate effect sizes were found for two of the FF measures when the groups were compared. The addition of strength training to PR may have a favorable impact on FF in older patients with COPD.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/040/CN-00640040/frame.html										
M. Alfuth and D. Rosenbaum	2011	Are diurnal changes in foot sole sensation dependent on gait activity?		Neuroscience Letters			504		3	247-51					Oct 31			Are diurnal changes in foot sole sensation dependent on gait activity?	Neurosci Lett	1872-7972												21964393				The foot sole is loaded during stance and gait and plantar cutaneous mechanoreceptors sense the local stress distribution. It is not clear whether the perception thresholds of these mechanoreceptors change during the day and how they respond to walking activities. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate diurnal changes of plantar sensitivity. Furthermore, the aim was to find out whether daily changes depend on the individual level of step activity. Twenty-six healthy subjects, 17 women and 9 men, aged 28.6+6.7 years participated in the study. Detection thresholds to light touch were measured in six plantar regions with Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments in the morning, noon and afternoon. Step activity was recorded with a StepWatch Activity Monitor and analyzed for three periods (8 a.m.-4 p.m., 8 a.m.-12 p.m., 12 p.m.-4 p.m.). The hallux, the 3rd metatarsal head and the heel showed significantly decreased detection thresholds from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. (p<0.05). A fair correlation between the decrease of detection threshold and the total number of steps was found for the 3rd metatarsal head and the heel (p<0.05). Foot sole sensation appears to improve during the day and seems to be associated with the step activity. This may reflect an improving transfer of afferent information to the central nervous system during the day as well as an adaptation of receptors to gait activity. Copyright 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Alfuth, Martin
Rosenbaum, Dieter		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21964393http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21964393&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.neulet.2011.09.037&issn=0304-3940&volume=504&issue=3&spage=247&pages=247-51&date=2011&title=Neuroscience+Letters&atitle=Are+diurnal+changes+in+foot+sole+sensation+dependent+on+gait+activity%3F.&aulast=Alfuth&pid=%3Cauthor%3EAlfuth+M%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21964393%3C%2FAN%3E		Movement Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Musculoskeletal Medicine IEMM, University Hospital Muenster, Domagkstr. 3, 48149 Muenster, Germany. martin.alfuth@uni-muenster.de						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. Algood, R. Cooper, S. Fitzgerald, R. Cooper and M. Boninger	2005	Effect of a pushrim-activated power-assist wheelchair on the functional capabilities of persons with tetraplegia		Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation			86		3	380-6						Journal: Article		Effect of a pushrim-activated power-assist wheelchair on the functional capabilities of persons with tetraplegia														CN-00575607				Objectives: To test the differences between a pushrim-activated power-assisted wheelchair (PAPAW) and a traditional manual wheelchair while performing common driving activities and to assess their relative merits for people with tetraplegia. Design: Repeated measures. Setting: An activities of daily living (ADL) laboratory within a rehabilitation research center. Participants: Fifteen full-time manual wheelchair users with tetraplegia due to a spinal cord injury. Interventions: Participants propelled both their own manual wheelchairs and a PAPAW 3 times over an ADL course. The order in which the 2 different wheelchairs were presented to the participants was randomized. Main Outcome Measures: Each participant's heart rate was monitored throughout testing by a digital, wireless heart-rate monitor. Time to complete the course was recorded, and participants were surveyed with a visual analog scale after the first, third, fourth, and sixth trials to determine the ease of completing each obstacle and their ergonomic preferences between the 2 wheelchairs. Participants also were observed throughout the trials to determine how much assistance they needed to complete each obstacle course. Results: After using a Bonferroni adjustment, 4 obstacles (carpet, dimple strips, up a ramp, up a curb cut) were rated as being significantly easier (P<.001) to complete when using the PAPAW. Participants also showed a significant decrease in mean heart rate throughout all 3 trials (P=.015, P=.001, P=.003, respectively) when using a PAPAW. The amount of assistance needed by participants, the responses to ergonomic questions, and the overall time to complete the ADL course did not differ significantly between the 2 wheelchairs. Conclusions: For subjects with tetraplegia, PAPAWs have the potential to improve functional capabilities during certain ADLs, especially when propelling up ramps, over uneven surfaces, and over thick carpet. 2005 by American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/607/CN-00575607/frame.html										
A. Ali and C. Williams	2013	Isokinetic and isometric muscle function of the knee extensors and flexors during simulated soccer activity: effect of exercise and dehydration		Journal of sports sciences			31		8	907-16						Journal: Article		Isokinetic and isometric muscle function of the knee extensors and flexors during simulated soccer activity: effect of exercise and dehydration								Pubmed 23256821						CN-00910431				This study investigated the influence of dehydration during soccer-type intermittent exercise on isokinetic and isometric muscle function. Eight soccer players performed two 90-min high-intensity intermittent shuttle-running trials without (NF) or with (FL) fluid ingestion (5 ml kg(-1) before and 2 ml kg(-1) every 15 min). Isokinetic and isometric strength and muscular power of knee flexors and knee extensors were measured pre-exercise, at half-time and post-exercise using isokinetic dynamometry. Sprint performance was monitored throughout the simulated-soccer exercise. Isokinetic knee strength was reduced at faster (3.13 rad s(-1); P = 0.009) but not slower (1.05 rad s(-1); P = 0.063) contraction speeds with exercise; however, there was no difference between FL and NF. Peak isometric strength of the knee extensors (P = 0.002) but not the knee flexors (P = 0.065) was significantly reduced with exercise with no difference between FL and NF. Average muscular power was reduced over time at both 1.05 rad s(-1) (P = 0.01) and 3.14 rad s(-1) (P = 0.033) but was not different between FL and NF. Mean 15-m sprint time increased with duration of exercise (P = 0.005) but was not different between FL and NF. In summary, fluid ingestion during 90 min of soccer-type exercise was unable to offset the reduction in isokinetic and isometric strength and muscular power of the knee extensors and flexors.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/431/CN-00910431/frame.html										
N. I. Alice, B. A. Jessica, P. Virginia, R. S. Lyette, M. B. Stephanie, J. Posener, A. Patat and J. Paul	2013	Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of desvenlafaxine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor		Journal of bioequivalence & bioavailability			5		1	22-30						Journal: Article		Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of desvenlafaxine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor														CN-00912376				Study background: Assess safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of desvenlafaxine (administered as desvenlafaxine succinate) in 3 studies with healthy volunteers. Methods: Study 1, a randomized, open-label, dose proportionality, crossover study, assessed pharmacokinetics and safety of single doses of desvenlafaxine 100, 300, and 600 mg (N=24). Study 2, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, sequential-group, single-ascending dose study, assessed pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of desvenlafaxine 150-900 mg and venlafaxine extended-release 150 mg (N=79). Study 3, a doubleblind, placebo-controlled, sequential-group, multiple-ascending dose study, assessed pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of desvenlafaxine 300, 450, and 600 mg (N=36). In all studies, safety was monitored through adverse events, physical examinations, electrocardiograms, laboratory tests, and vital signs. In study 2, a daytime spectral analysis of electroencephalogram data was conducted; in studies 2 and 3, cognition was assessed using vigilance and psychomotor performance tests. Results: Following single- and multiple-dose administration, desvenlafaxine C<sub>max</sub>and AUC increased in linear, dose-proportional manner over doses of 100-900 mg. Steady-state plasma concentrations were reached within 4-5 days, and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics were adequately predicted from single-dose pharmacokinetics. The maximum tolerated single dose was 750 mg; vomiting was the dose-limiting adverse event. For multiple doses, the maximum tolerated dose was 450 mg/d; orthostatic hypotension was dose-limiting. Adverse events at doses below the maximum tolerated doses were generally mild and transient. Absolute beta energies significantly increased in all electroencephalogram leads with doses > 450 mg, particularly in front temporal lobes. Single or multiple desvenlafaxine doses did not alter psychomotor function or memory. Conclusion: Maximum tolerated doses for desvenlafaxine (750 mg, single dose; 450 mg, multiple doses) were well above the recommended therapeutic dose of 50 mg/d for major depressive disorder. Desvenlafaxine exhibited approximately linear, dose-proportional pharmacokinetics across the wide range of doses studied and was not associated with significant alterations in psychomotor function or memory. 2013 Alice Nichols I, et al.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/376/CN-00912376/frame.html										
Z. Alizadeh, R. Kordi, M. Rostami, M. Mansournia, S. Hosseinzadeh-Attar and J. Fallah	2013	Comparison between the effects of continuous and intermittent aerobic exercise on weight loss and body fat percentage in overweight and obese women: A randomized controlled trial		International journal of preventive medicine			4		8	881-8						Journal: Article		Comparison between the effects of continuous and intermittent aerobic exercise on weight loss and body fat percentage in overweight and obese women: A randomized controlled trial														CN-00916068				Background: Prevalence of obesity and overweightness in different societies is increasing. Role of physical activity in weight loss and also prevention from some chronic diseases has been discussed previously. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of two different aerobic exercises (intermittent and continuous exercises) while prescribed with concurrent calorie-restrict diet on the weight loss and body fat of overweight and obese females. Methods: Fifteen individuals in intermittent group performed 40 min moderate Intensity exercise in 3 bouts per day for 5 days per week; the 15 participants of continuous group exercised a single 40 min bout per day, 5 days per week. Also, 15 participants were included in control group without exercise program. A self-monitoring calorie-restrict diet was recommended to all participants. The body fat percentage, waist circumference, and also skin fold thickness of all participants were assessed at baseline and 12<sup>th</sup> weeks. Results: The reduction of weight and BMI of participants in intermittent group (-3.33 + 1.80 and -1.34 + 0.70, respectively) was significantly more than comparable changes in continuous group (-1.23 + 1.60 and 0.49 + 0.65, respectively) (P = 0.048 and 0.041, respectively). After the intervention, there was no significant difference between case and controls in terms of body fat percentage, waist circumference, and sum of skin fold thickness. Conclusions: It seems that moderate intensity intermittent exercise for more than 150 min/ week is more efficient than continuous exercise in weight loss of obese and overweight women.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/068/CN-00916068/frame.html										
O. Alizadehkhaiyat, A. Fisher, G. Kemp, K. Vishwanathan and S. Frostick	2009	Assessment of functional recovery in tennis elbow		Journal of electromyography and kinesiology			19		4	631-8						Controlled Clinical Trial;		Assessment of functional recovery in tennis elbow								Pubmed 18343158						CN-00720377				OBJECTIVES: (a) To investigate changes in muscular strength, fatigue and activity in recovered tennis elbow (RTE); (b) to assess the appropriateness of EMG and strength measurements in monitoring functional recovery in tennis elbow (TE). METHODS: Study included three age-matched female groups of Control (C) (n=8, no history of musculoskeletal problems), TE (n=7, local tenderness at the lateral epicondyle and pain with resisted wrist and middle finger extension) and RTE (n=6, asymptomatic for at least 6 months, no lateral epicondyle tenderness). Measurements included metacarpophalangeal (MCP), wrist, shoulder and grip isometric strength and EMG measures of muscle fatigue and activity for five forearm muscles (wrist extensors and flexors). RESULTS: Strength was greater (p<0.05) for all measurements in C compared to RTE and TE except for MCP extension. Only MCP extension was stronger in RTE than TE. EMG revealed increased activity of extensor carpi radialis (ECR) in RTE, decreased in TE. CONCLUSIONS: Despite attenuation of pain, global upper limb weakness in RTE indicated incomplete functional recovery. Increased strength of MCP extension may protect weakened wrist extensors from further injury. Monitoring the ECR activity as well as strength measurements may provide a useful assessment of functional recovery in TE.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/377/CN-00720377/frame.html										
T. Alkhajah, M. Reeves, E. Eakin, E. Winkler, N. Owen and G. Healy	2012	Sit-stand workstations: A pilot intervention to reduce office sitting time		American journal of preventive medicine			43		3	298-303						Journal: Article		Sit-stand workstations: A pilot intervention to reduce office sitting time														CN-00899583				Background: Sitting time is a prevalent health risk among office-based workers. Purpose: To examine, using a pilot study, the efficacy of an intervention to reduce office workers' sitting time. Design: Quasi-experimental design with intervention-group participants recruited from a single workplace that was physically separate from the workplaces of comparison-group participants. Setting/participants: Office workers (Intervention, n=18; Comparison, n=14) aged 20-65 years from Brisbane, Australia; data were collected and analyzed in 2011. Intervention: Installation of a commercially available sit-stand workstation. Main outcome measures: Changes from baseline at 1-week and 3-month follow-up in time spent sitting, standing, and stepping at the workplace and during all waking time (activPAL3 activity monitor, 7-day observation). Fasting total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose levels were assessed at baseline and 3 months (Cholestech LDX Analyzer). Acceptability was assessed with a 5-point response scale (eight items). Results: The intervention group (relative to the comparison group) reduced sitting time at 1-week follow-up by 143 minutes/day at the workplace (95% CI= -184, -102) and 97 minutes/day during all waking time (95% CI= -144, -50). These effects were maintained at 3 months (-137 minutes/day and -78 minutes/day, respectively). Sitting was almost exclusively replaced by standing, with minimal changes to stepping time. Relative to the comparison group, the intervention group increased HDL cholesterol by an average of 0.26 mmol/L (95% CI=0.10, 0.42). Other biomarker differences were not significant. There was strong acceptability and preference for using the workstations, though some design limitations were noted. Conclusions: This trial is the first with objective measurement and a comparison group to demonstrate that the introduction of a sit-stand workstation can substantially reduce office workers' sitting time both at the workplace and overall throughout the week. 2012 American Journal of Preventive Medicine.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/583/CN-00899583/frame.html										
J. Allen, J. Stephens, H. C. Dennison, K. Stewart and S. Hauck	2014	Randomized controlled pilot study testing use of smartphone technology for obesity treatment		Journal of obesity												Journal: Article		Randomized controlled pilot study testing use of smartphone technology for obesity treatment														CN-00977935				Background. The established interventions for weight loss are resource intensive which can create barriers for full participation and ultimate translation. The major goal of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of theoretically based behavioral interventions delivered by smartphone technology. Methods. The study randomized 68 obese adults to receive one of four interventions for six months: (1) intensive counseling intervention, (2) intensive counseling plus smartphone intervention, (3) a less intensive counseling plus smartphone intervention, and (4) smartphone intervention only. The outcome measures of weight, BMI, waist circumference, and self-reported dietary intake and physical activity were assessed at baseline and six months. Results. The sample was 78% female and 49% African American, with an average age of 45 years, and average BMI of 34.3 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. There were trends for differences in weight loss among the four intervention groups. Participants in the intensive counseling plus self-monitoring smartphone group and less intensive counseling plus self-monitoring smartphone group tended to lose more weight than other groups (5.4 kg and 3.3 kg, resp.). Conclusions. The results of this pilot trial of a weight loss intervention provide preliminary support for using a smartphone application for self-monitoring as an adjunct to behavioral counseling. 2013 Jerilyn K. Allen et al.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/935/CN-00977935/frame.html										
N. A. Allen, J. A. Fain, B. Braun and S. R. Chipkin	2009	Continuous glucose monitoring in non-insulin-using individuals with type 2 diabetes: acceptability, feasibility, and teaching opportunities		Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics			11		3	151-8					Mar	Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Continuous glucose monitoring in non-insulin-using individuals with type 2 diabetes: acceptability, feasibility, and teaching opportunities	Diabetes Technol Ther	1520-9156					PMC2939842							19216684				BACKGROUND: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has the potential to provide useful data for behavioral interventions targeting non-insulin-using, sedentary individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aims of this study were to describe CGM in terms of (1) feasibility and acceptability and (2) dietary- and exercise-teaching events.
METHODS: Cross-sectional data were analyzed from 27 non-insulin-using adults with T2DM who wore CGM for 72 h as part of a larger study on using CGM for exercise counseling in this population. Feasibility data included accuracy of entering daily self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) readings and events (e.g., meals, exercise), sensor failures, alarms, optimal accuracy of glucose data, and download failures. Acceptability data included CGM satisfaction and wearing difficulties. Dietary- and exercise-teaching events were identified from CGM and activity monitor data.
RESULTS: CGM graphs showed 141 dietary- and 71 exercise-teaching events. About half the participants (52%) reported difficulty remembering to enter events into CGM monitors, but most (82%) kept an accurate paper log of events. Insufficient SMBG entries resulted in 32 CGM graphs with "use clinical judgment" warnings. Eighty-three percent of missed SMBG entries were from 18 participants 55-77 years old. Missing correlation coefficients resulted from glucose concentrations varying <100 mg/dL. A majority of participants (n = 19) were willing to wear CGM again despite reporting minor discomfort at sensor site and with wearing the monitor.
CONCLUSIONS: CGM data provided several teaching opportunities in non-insulin-using adults with T2DM. Overall, CGM was acceptable and feasible. Some identified problems may be eliminated by newer technology.	Allen, Nancy A
Fain, James A
Braun, Barry
Chipkin, Stuart R
F31 NR008818-01A1 (United States NINR NIH HHS)
T32NR008346-05 (United States NINR NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19216684http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19216684&id=doi:10.1089%2Fdia.2008.0053&issn=1520-9156&volume=11&issue=3&spage=151&pages=151-8&date=2009&title=Diabetes+Technology+%26+Therapeutics&atitle=Continuous+glucose+monitoring+in+non-insulin-using+individuals+with+type+2+diabetes%3A+acceptability%2C+feasibility%2C+and+teaching+opportunities.&aulast=Allen&pid=%3Cauthor%3EAllen+NA%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19216684%3C%2FAN%3E		Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. nancy.a.allen@yale.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

N. Allen, J. Fain, B. Braun and S. Chipkin	2008	Continuous glucose monitoring counseling improves physical activity behaviors of individuals with type 2 diabetes: A randomized clinical trial		Diabetes research and clinical practice			80		3	371-9						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Continuous glucose monitoring counseling improves physical activity behaviors of individuals with type 2 diabetes: A randomized clinical trial								Pubmed 18304674						CN-00638044				AIMS: Despite the known benefits, 60% of individuals with diabetes do not engage in regular physical activity (PA). This pilot study tested the effects of a counseling intervention using continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) feedback on PA self-efficacy, PA levels, and physiological variables. METHODS: Adults (N=52) with type 2 diabetes (non-insulin requiring, inactive) were randomized to intervention (n=27) or control (n=25) groups. Both groups received 90min of diabetes education with a follow-up phone call 4 weeks later. The intervention group also received counseling derived from self-efficacy theory. This intervention included feedback on each participant's CGMS graph and used role model CGMS graphs to clearly depict glucose reductions in response to PA. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks. RESULTS: Participants receiving the intervention had higher self-efficacy scores than the control group for sticking to activity/resisting relapse at 8 weeks (p<0.05), indicating more confidence in maintaining a PA program. Intervention group participants light/sedentary activity minutes decreased significantly (p<0.05), moderate activity minutes increased significantly (p<0.05), and, HbA1c and BMI decreased significantly (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that PA counseling interventions using CGMS feedback for individuals with type 2 diabetes may improve PA levels and reduce risk factors for diabetes-related complications.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/044/CN-00638044/frame.html										
N. Allen, R. Whittemore and G. Melkus	2011	A continuous glucose monitoring and problem-solving intervention to change physical activity behavior in women with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study		Diabetes technology & therapeutics			13		11	1091-9						Randomized Controlled Trial		A continuous glucose monitoring and problem-solving intervention to change physical activity behavior in women with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study								Pubmed 21919735						CN-00851031				BACKGROUND: Diabetes technology has the potential to provide useful data for theory-based behavioral counseling. The aims of this study are to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a continuous glucose monitoring and problem-solving counseling intervention to change physical activity (PA) behavior in women with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Women (n=29) with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to one of two treatment conditions: continuous glucose counseling and problem-solving skills or continuous glucose monitoring counseling and general diabetes education. Feasibility data were obtained on intervention dose, implementation, and satisfaction. Preliminary efficacy data were collected at baseline and 12 weeks on the following measures: PA amount and intensity, diet, problem-solving skills, self-efficacy for PA, depression, hemogoloin A1c, weight, and blood pressure. Demographic and implementation variables were described using frequency distributions and summary statistics. Satisfaction data were analyzed using Wilcoxon rank. Differences between groups were analyzed using linear mixed-modeling. RESULTS: Women were mostly white/non-Latina with a mean age of 53 years, a 6.5-year history of diabetes, and suboptimal glycemic control. Continuous glucose monitoring plus problem-solving group participants had significantly greater problem-solving skills and had greater, although not statistically significant, dietary adherence, moderate activity minutes, weight loss, and higher intervention satisfaction pre- to post-intervention than did participants in the continuous glucose monitoring plus education group. CONCLUSION: A continuous glucose monitoring plus problem-solving intervention was feasible and acceptable, and participants had greater problem-solving skills than continuous glucose monitoring plus education group participants.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/031/CN-00851031/frame.html										
P. Allen, J. Thompson, C. Herman, A. Whyte, V. Wolfe, C. Qualls and D. Helitzer	2008	Impact of periodic follow-up testing among urban American Indian women with impaired fasting glucose		Preventing chronic disease			5		3	A76						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Impact of periodic follow-up testing among urban American Indian women with impaired fasting glucose								Pubmed 18558026						CN-00640303				INTRODUCTION: Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) often progresses to type 2 diabetes. Given the severity and prevalence of this disease, primary prevention is important. Intensive lifestyle counseling interventions have delayed or prevented the onset of type 2 diabetes, but it is not known whether less intensive, more easily replicable efforts can also be effective. METHODS: In a lifestyle intervention study designed to reduce risks for type 2 diabetes, 200 American Indian women without diabetes, aged 18 to 40 years, were recruited from an urban community without regard to weight or IFG and block-randomized into intervention and control groups on the basis of fasting blood glucose (FBG). Dietary and physical activity behaviors were reported, and clinical metabolic, fitness, and body composition measures were taken at baseline and at periodic follow-up through 18 months. American Indian facilitators used a group-discussion format during the first 6 months to deliver a culturally influenced educational intervention on healthy eating, physical activity, social support, and goal setting. We analyzed a subset of young American Indian women with IFG at baseline (n = 42), selected from both the intervention and control groups. RESULTS: Among the women with IFG, mean FBG significantly decreased from baseline to follow-up (P < .001) and converted to normal (<5.6 mmol/L or <100 mg/dL) in 62.0% of the 30 women who completed the 18-month follow-up, irrespective of participation in the group educational sessions. Other improved metabolic values included significant decreases in mean fasting blood total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The women reported significant overall mean decreases in intake of total energy, saturated fat, total fat, total sugar, sweetened beverages, proportion of sweet foods in the diet, and hours of TV watching. CONCLUSION: Volunteers with IFG in this study benefited from learning their FBG values and reporting their dietary patterns; they made dietary changes and improved their FBG and lipid profiles. If confirmed in larger samples, these results support periodic dietary and body composition assessment, as well as glucose monitoring among women with IFG.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/303/CN-00640303/frame.html										
R. Allen	2003	Does a modest loss of sleep affect neurocognitive functioning of children?		Sleep medicine			4		4	353-5						Journal: Article		Does a modest loss of sleep affect neurocognitive functioning of children?														CN-00474319				Objective(s): To (a) assess effects of modest sleep restriction and extension on children's neurobehavioral functioning (NBF); and (b) test the hypothesis that sleep restriction improves sleep efficiency compared to sleep extension. Study population: Children (39 boys, 38 girls) from grades 4 (n = 42, mean age 9.8 years) and 6 (n = 35, mean age = 11.6 years). Children were excluded if they had acute or chronic physical illness, used medication or reported developmental or psychiatric disorder. Study design: Between-groups comparison using random assignment to groups for analyses of instructions on sleep status and an added criteria of success in meeting randomly assigned sleep-behavior goals defining the groups for evaluation of effects of sleep changes on neurobehavioral functioning. Methods: All subjects slept at home, kept sleep - wake diaries and wore wrist activity monitors during their sleep period for 5 consecutive days. On days 1 and 2 they slept following their regular patterns. After the second night, on day 1 or 2 they were tested for neurobehavioral functioning (NBF) using the neuropsychological evaluation system (NES) developed by one of the authors of this paper. On day 3 the child's parents were called with instructions on whether to have the child go to bed an hour earlier or an hour later for the next 3 nights. A repeat NBF assessment was obtained on the morning after night 5. All NBF testing occurred between 08:00 and 10:00 h. The neuropsychological evaluation included six tests yielding nine different measures: finger taping speed, simple reaction time, continuous performance (CPT) (omission errors, commission errors and reaction time), symbol-digit substitution, visual digit span (forward and backward), and serial digit learning. Sleep-wake diaries were completed for the child's subjective report of sleep characteristics. An activity meter worn on the non-dominant wrist during the sleep times documented the decreased activity usually associated with sleep. The activity was used as a surrogate measure for sleep state using a scoring routine developed by one of the authors. This surrogate measure becomes important for defining the groups used in the evaluation of the effects of sleep changes on neurobehavioral functioning (NBF). Three hypotheses were tested: (1) most children would restrict or expand sleep at home on demand; (2) restricting sleep for children improved 'quality' compared to extending sleep; and (3) sleep restriction compared to extension increased subjective daytime fatigue and compromised NBF. The test for the first two hypotheses used the groups as defined by random assignment to restricted or extended sleep. The last used the same groups, but were further refined by the success criterion for the restricted or extended goal. For this analysis, a third group of those failing to reach the criterion for desired sleep change, was included as a 'no change' group. Results: All subjected measures of sleep and objective measures of activity showed the expected differences with strong statistical significance (usually < 0.005) between the restricted and extended sleep groups. There were two exceptions to this. Morning rise time did not vary; rather, as was expected, the sleep times were changed by earlier or lated bed times. The change in percentage of sleep, defined as quiet or inactive by the activity meter, showed only a small and unimpressive difference favoring the restricted sleep group; about the same as an initial difference between the randomly assigned groups. The sleep time, defined by the activity meter as a percent of time in bed, showed a more significant increase for the restricted than extended sleep groups (increase by 3.5% vs. decrease by 0.8%, P < 0.005), but again, the change in the restricted group only increased the percentage of sleep to the value observed at baseline for the extended group. The changes in these measures, while statistically significant, were in the range of the variation observed between the groups. The sleep time changes were more impressive, amount ng to over an hour difference in time in bed (8 h for restricted sleep group compared to 9.2 for the extended) and activity measures indicating periods of inactivity associated with sleep similarly differing by about an hour (7.6 vs. 8.6 h). Similarly, subjective reports indicated shorter sleep latency but increased fatigue for restricted compared to extended sleep. The arbitrary criterion set for successful compliance was an average change of 30 min sleep time in the requested direction over the 3 days. Sleep time was presumably defined by the surrogate measure based on decreased wrist activity. About 63% of the children (65% for extension and 62% for restriction) made this goal. Since nearly half of the children in each experimental group failed to achieve the criterion for successful sleep change, they were analyzed as a 'no-change' group for the evaluation of the effects of sleep changes on NBF. The NBF effects on the nine measures showed significant differences (P < 0.05) for simple reaction time (getting worse for both the restricted and 'no change' group, but not changing for the extension group) and digit span forward (increasing for the extension group by 0.28, decreasing for the restriction group by 0.36, with little change (0.05 increase) for the 'no change' group). The continuous performance test reaction time (CPT-RT) showed highly significant (P < 0.005) differences, with an average decrease of 0.28 ms for the sleep-extension group, compared to 0.17 increase for the 'no change' and 1.0 decrease for sleep-restriction groups. Conclusion: The authors reached three basic conclusions. First, that most children can increase or decrease sleep times on demand over a short period of time, and can do this by changing their bed times. Second, that decreasing sleep time improves sleep efficiency and quality, but also increases daytime fatigue.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/319/CN-00474319/frame.html										
E. Alsaleh, H. Blake and R. Windle	2012	Behavioural intervention to increase physical activity among patients with coronary heart disease: protocol for a randomised controlled trial		International journal of nursing studies			49		12	1489-93						Journal: Article		Behavioural intervention to increase physical activity among patients with coronary heart disease: protocol for a randomised controlled trial								Pubmed 22840639						CN-00907466				BACKGROUND: Although physical activity has significant health benefits in the treatment of patients with coronary heart disease, patients often do not follow prescribed physical activity recommendations. Behavioural strategies have been shown to be efficacious in increasing physical activity among those patients with coronary heart disease who are attending structured cardiac rehabilitation programmes. Research has also shown that tailoring consultation according to patients' needs and sending motivational reminders are successful ways of motivating patients to be physically active. However, there is a lack of evidence for the efficacy of behavioural interventions based on individualised consultation in promoting physical activity among those patients with coronary heart disease who are not attending structured physical activity programmes. OBJECTIVE: This paper outlines the study protocol for a trial which is currently underway, to examine the effect of a behavioural change intervention delivered through individualised consultation calls and motivational reminder text messages on the level of physical activity among patients with coronary heart disease. SETTING: Two large hospitals in Jordan. PARTICIPANTS: Eligible patients aged between 18 and 70 years, who are clinically stable, are able to perform physical activity and who have access to a mobile telephone have been randomly allocated to control or intervention group. DESIGN AND METHODS: Two-group randomised controlled trial. Behavioural intervention will be compared with usual care in increasing physical activity levels among patients with coronary heart disease. The control group (n=85) will receive advice from their doctors about physical activity as they would in usual practice. The intervention group (n=71) will receive the same advice, but will also receive behavioural change intervention (goal-setting, feed-back, self-monitoring) that will be delivered over a period of six months. Intervention will be delivered through individually tailored face-to-face and telephone consultations, supported by motivational SMS text messages to encourage and remind patients to attain these goals. The participants and the researcher delivering the intervention are not blinded to group assignment. RESULTS: Recruitment started in February 2012 and preliminary findings are expected in November 2012. CONCLUSION: It is hypothesised that behavioural intervention delivered through tailored individualised consultation supported by motivational SMS text message reminders will help CHD patients to increase their level of PA. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study is registered as a clinical trial at ISRCTN register (ISRCTN48570595).			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/466/CN-00907466/frame.html										
K. N. Alschuler, F. Hoodin, S. L. Murphy and M. E. Geisser	2011	Ambulatory monitoring as a measure of disability in chronic low back pain populations		Clinical Journal of Pain			27		8	707-15					Oct	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Ambulatory monitoring as a measure of disability in chronic low back pain populations	Clin J Pain	1536-5409												21505322				PURPOSE: The link between chronic back pain and disability is well established. Despite this, the literature also reflects an inconsistency in methods of assessing disability, as studies interchangeably use self-report measures, clinical tests, and electronic monitoring. The purpose of this study was to conduct a multimethod comparison of disability measures to identify similarities and differences in the constructs measured by each.
METHOD: Twenty chronic back pain patients participated in a clinic visit to complete questionnaires and clinical tests, followed by 5 days of wearing a wrist-worn electronic ambulatory monitoring device to measure activity.
RESULTS: Multiple regression analyses were conducted to identify the significant predictors of each disability assessment. Results showed that operant variables were predictive of physical activity, cognitive-behavioral variables were predictive of perceived disability, and no variables were predictive of physical ability.
DISCUSSION: The results indicate substantial differences in the types of variables that predict disability when measured through 3 different methods. This is suggestive of differences in the constructs measured by each type of disability assessment. The implications for researchers who assess predictors of disability and clinicians who use disability measures in their assessment of patients are that the measures of disability they select should be carefully matched to the proposed purposes. Strong theoretical and practical considerations support using electronic ambulatory monitoring in future research and clinical service.	Alschuler, Kevin N
Hoodin, Flora
Murphy, Susan L
Geisser, Michael E		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21505322http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21505322&id=doi:10.1097%2FAJP.0b013e318217b7d0&issn=0749-8047&volume=27&issue=8&spage=707&pages=707-15&date=2011&title=Clinical+Journal+of+Pain&atitle=Ambulatory+monitoring+as+a+measure+of+disability+in+chronic+low+back+pain+populations.&aulast=Alschuler&pid=%3Cauthor%3EAlschuler+KN%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21505322%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, USA. kalschul@uw.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. A. Alzahrani, C. M. Dean and L. Ada	2009	Ability to negotiate stairs predicts free-living physical activity in community-dwelling people with stroke: an observational study		Australian Journal of Physiotherapy			55		4	277-81						Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Ability to negotiate stairs predicts free-living physical activity in community-dwelling people with stroke: an observational study	Aust J Physiother	0004-9514												19929771				QUESTION: Which clinical measures of walking performance best predict free-living physical activity in community-dwelling people with stroke?
DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study.
PARTICIPANTS: 42 community-dwelling stroke survivors.
OUTCOME MEASURES: Predictors were four clinical measures of walking performance (speed, automaticity, capacity, and stairs ability). The outcome of interest was free-living physical activity, measured as frequency (activity counts) and duration (time on feet), collected using an activity monitor called the Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Physical Activity.
RESULTS: Time on feet was predicted by stairs ability alone (B 166, 95% CI 55 to 278) which accounted for 48% of the variance. Activity counts were also predicted by stairs ability alone (B 6486, 95% CI 2922 to 10 050) which accounted for 58% of the variance.
CONCLUSION: The best predictor of free-living physical activity in community-dwelling people with stroke was stairs ability.	Alzahrani, Matar Abdullah
Dean, Catherine M
Ada, Louise		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19929771http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19929771&id=doi:&issn=0004-9514&volume=55&issue=4&spage=277&pages=277-81&date=2009&title=Australian+Journal+of+Physiotherapy&atitle=Ability+to+negotiate+stairs+predicts+free-living+physical+activity+in+community-dwelling+people+with+stroke%3A+an+observational+study.&aulast=Alzahrani&pid=%3Cauthor%3EAlzahrani+MA%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19929771%3C%2FAN%3E		Physiotherapy, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

R. Andersen, S. Franckowiak, S. Bartlett and K. Fontaine	2002	Physiologic changes after diet combined with structured aerobic exercise or lifestyle activity		Metabolism: clinical and experimental			51		12	1528-33						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Physiologic changes after diet combined with structured aerobic exercise or lifestyle activity								Pubmed 12489063						CN-00412301				Moderate intensity physical activity achieved through changes in lifestyle may promote weight management. However, little is known about changes in physiologic and metabolic variables when patients lose weight using moderate intensity lifestyle activity instead of traditional structured vigorous aerobic exercise. To compare changes in resting metabolic energy expenditure (REE), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) associated with a 12-week weight loss program combined with either: (1) aerobic exercise (AER); or (2) lifestyle activity (LIFE), we randomized 39 overweight adults (mean body mass index [BMI] = 30.9 +/- 2.8 kg/m(2)) to either diet plus AER (N = 18) or diet plus LIFE (N = 21). Both groups consumed a self-selected diet of 1,200 to 1,800 kcal/d (5,021 to 7,531 kJ/d). The AER group performed vigorous aerobic exercise for up to 45 minutes 3 to 4 d/wk. The LIFE group accumulated 30 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity on most days of the week. Compliance with the respective protocols was monitored on a weekly basis. REE was measured before and after treatment via open-circuit spirometry. The AER group decreased body weight by 8.4% (P<.001)while the LIFE had a reduction of 6.7% (P <.001) after treatment. Over the course of the interventions, the AER and LIFE groups experienced 10.9% (P <.001) and 10.2% (P <.001) reductions in REE, respectively. Aerobic exercise did not prevent reductions in REE to a greater extent than did lifestyle activity in patients consuming a reduced calorie diet. Change in REE was not related to changes in FFM or FM for either group, and there were no differences between groups in reductions of REE, weight, FM, or FFM. A program of diet plus lifestyle physical activity may be a suitable alternative for dieting adults who have difficulty adhering to a program of vigorous activity.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/301/CN-00412301/frame.html										
A. Anderson, A. Craigie, S. Caswell, S. Treweek, M. Stead, M. Macleod, F. Daly, J. Belch, J. Rodger, A. Kirk, A. Ludbrook, P. Rauchhaus, P. Norwood, J. Thompson, J. Wardle and R. Steele	2014	The impact of a bodyweight and physical activity intervention (BeWEL) initiated through a national colorectal cancer screening programme: Randomised controlled trial		BMJ (Online)			348									Journal: Article		The impact of a bodyweight and physical activity intervention (BeWEL) initiated through a national colorectal cancer screening programme: Randomised controlled trial														CN-00985287				Objective To evaluate the impact of a diet and physical activity intervention (BeWEL) on weight change in people with a body mass index >25 weight (kg)/height (m)<sup>2</sup> at increased risk of colorectal cancer and other obesity related comorbidities. Design Multicentre, parallel group, randomised controlled trial. Setting Four Scottish National Health Service health boards. Participants 329 overweight or obese adults (aged 50 to 74 years) who had undergone colonoscopy after a positive faecal occult blood test result, as part of the national bowel screening programme, and had a diagnosis of adenoma confirmed by histopathology. 163 were randomised to intervention and 166 to control. Intervention Participants were randomised to a control group (weight loss booklet only) or 12 month intervention group (three face to face visits with a lifestyle counsellor plus monthly 15 minute telephone calls). A goal of 7% reduction in body weight was set and participants received a personalised energy prescription (2508 kJ (600 kcal) below that required for weight maintenance) and bodyweight scales. Motivational interviewing techniques explored self assessed confidence, ambivalence, and personal values concerning weight. Behavioural strategies included goal setting, identifying intentions of implementation, self monitoring of body weight, and counsellor feedback about reported diet, physical activity, and weight change. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was weight change over 12 months. Secondary outcomes included changes in waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting cardiovascular biomarkers, and glucose metabolism variables, physical activity, diet, and alcohol consumption. Results At 12 months, data on the primary outcome were available for 148 (91%) participants in the intervention group and 157 (95%) in the control group. Mean weight loss was 3.50 kg (SD 4.91) (95% confidence interval 2.70 to 4.30) in the intervention group compared with 0.78 kg (SD 3.77) (0.19 to 1.38) in the control group. The group difference was 2.69 kg (95% confidence interval 1.70 to 3.67). Differences between groups were significant for waist circumference, body mass index, blood pressure, blood glucose level, diet, and physical activity. No reported adverse events were considered to be related to trial participation. Conclusions Significant weight loss can be achieved by a diet and physical activity intervention initiated within a national colorectal cancer screening programme, offering considerable potential for risk reduction of disease in older adults.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/287/CN-00985287/frame.html										
D. Anderson, J. McNeely and B. Windham	2009	Device-guided slow-breathing effects on end-tidal CO(2) and heart-rate variability		Psychology, health & medicine			14		6	667-79						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural		Device-guided slow-breathing effects on end-tidal CO(2) and heart-rate variability								Pubmed 20183539						CN-00752200				Previous studies have reported that regular practice of a device-guided slow-breathing (DGB) exercise decreases resting blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients. The performance of DGB is associated with acute decreases in sympathetic vascular tone, and it has been suggested that the decreases in resting BP produced by regular practice of DGB over periods of weeks are due to chronic decreases in sympathetic nervous system activity. However, the kidneys respond to sympathetically mediated changes in BP by readjusting blood volume levels within a few days. Thus, the mechanism by which DGB could produce long-term BP changes remains to be clarified. Previous research with laboratory animals and human subjects has shown that slow, shallow breathing that increases pCO(2) potentiates BP sensitivity to high sodium intake. These findings raise the possibility that deeper breathing during DGB that decreases BP might involve opposite changes in pCO(2). The present study tested the hypothesis that performance of DGB acutely decreases a marker of pCO(2), end-tidal CO(2) (PetCO(2)). Breathing rate, tidal volume, and PetCO(2) were monitored before, during, and after a 15-min session of DGB by patients with elevated BP. BP, heart rate, and heart-rate variability (HRV) were also measured under these conditions. A control group was also studied before, during, and after a 15-min session of spontaneous breathing (SB). The DGB group, but not the SB group, showed progressive and substantial increases in tidal volume and low-frequency HRV and decreases in PetCO(2) and systolic BP. The PetCO(2) effects persisted into the posttask, rest period. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that habitual changes in breathing patterns of the kind observed during DGB could potentiate an antihypertensive adaptation via effects on pCO(2) and its role in cardiovascular homeostasis.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/200/CN-00752200/frame.html										
M. S. Andrade, L. M. Mendonca and G. Chadi	2010	Treadmill running protects spinal cord contusion from secondary degeneration		Brain Research			1346			266-78					Jul 30	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Treadmill running protects spinal cord contusion from secondary degeneration	Brain Res	1872-6240												20513364				It is known that physical activity triggers changes in the central nervous system. Adult rats, trained on treadmills for 4 weeks, and a group of sedentary rats was submitted to contuse moderate spinal cord injury. A group of sedentary rats was submitted to a sham operation. The trained group continued running on treadmill after lesion for 4 weeks. Motor behavior evaluated by BBB score was smaller in the sedentary group compared to the trained rats by 7 days after lesion. Computerized activity monitor showed clear-cut differences in spontaneous motor parameters in trained rats only before lesion. After surgery, sedentary rats showed changes in motor parameters but not in later periods of analysis. Animals were euthanized by 28 days after surgery, and their spinal cords were processed for Nissl staining and immunohistochemistry. The number of the remaining neurons and the lesion areal and lesion volume fractions were obtained by stereological method. The number of the remaining neurons did not change after training. Lesion volume and lesion areal fraction per section were smaller in the trained group. Lesion index was more pronounced in the sedentary group. Microdensitometric image analysis demonstrated a microglial reaction, astroglial activation, and glial FGF-2 production more pronounced in the spinal cord of sedentary animals. GAP-43 was higher in caudal levels of contusion in the sedentary group. In conclusion, treadmill running may favor a better functional recovery in the acute period after spinal cord lesion and wound repair processes leading to neuroprotection. Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Andrade, Michele Schultz Ramos
Mendonca, Lucio Mario
Chadi, Gerson		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=20513364http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:20513364&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.brainres.2010.05.070&issn=0006-8993&volume=1346&issue=&spage=266&pages=266-78&date=2010&title=Brain+Research&atitle=Treadmill+running+protects+spinal+cord+contusion+from+secondary+degeneration.&aulast=Andrade&pid=%3Cauthor%3EAndrade+MS%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E20513364%3C%2FAN%3E		Neuroregeneration Center, Experimental Neurology Division, Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, CEP: 01246-903, Sao Paulo, Brazil.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. S. R. Andrade, L. M. Mendonca and G. Chadi	2010	Treadmill running protects spinal cord contusion from secondary degeneration		Brain Research			1346			266-278					Jul	Empirical Study; Quantitative Study		Treadmill running protects spinal cord contusion from secondary degeneration		0006-8993												2010-13487-001				It is known that physical activity triggers changes in the central nervous system. Adult rats, trained on treadmills for 4 weeks, and a group of sedentary rats was submitted to contuse moderate spinal cord injury. A group of sedentary rats was submitted to a sham operation. The trained group continued running on treadmill after lesion for 4 weeks. Motor behavior evaluated by BBB score was smaller in the sedentary group compared to the trained rats by 7 days after lesion. Computerized activity monitor showed clear-cut differences in spontaneous motor parameters in trained rats only before lesion. After surgery, sedentary rats showed changes in motor parameters but not in later periods of analysis. Animals were euthanized by 28 days after surgery, and their spinal cords were processed for Nissl staining and immunohistochemistry. The number of the remaining neurons and the lesion areal and lesion volume fractions were obtained by stereological method. The number of the remaining neurons did not change after training. Lesion volume and lesion areal fraction per section were smaller in the trained group. Lesion index was more pronounced in the sedentary group. Microdensitometric image analysis demonstrated a microglial reaction, astroglial activation, and glial FGF-2 production more pronounced in the spinal cord of sedentary animals. GAP-43 was higher in caudal levels of contusion in the sedentary group. In conclusion, treadmill running may favor a better functional recovery in the acute period after spinal cord lesion and wound repair processes leading to neuroprotection. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).			http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=psyc6&AN=2010-13487-001http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:PsycINFO+<2009+to+2010>&genre=article&id=pmid:&id=doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.05.070&issn=0006-8993&volume=1346&issue=&spage=266&pages=266-278&date=2010&title=Brain+Research&atitle=Treadmill+running+protects+spinal+cord+contusion+from+secondary+degeneration.&aulast=Andrade&pid=<author>Andrade,+Michele+Schultz+Ramos</author>&<AN>2010-13487-001</AN>		Chadi, Gerson: gerchadi@usp.br
Chadi, Gerson: Neuroregeneration Center, Experimental Neurology Division, Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Sao Paulo, Brazil, CEP: 01246-903, gerchadi@usp.br
Andrade, Michele Schultz Ramos: Neuroregeneration Center, Experimental Neurology Division, Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil Mendonca, Lucio Mario: Neuroregeneration Center, Experimental Neurology Division, Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil Chadi, Gerson: Neuroregeneration Center, Experimental Neurology Division, Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil								English

E. Andros and J. Gerber	1998	The effect of adenosine on the reduced heart rate response to exercise in the elderly		Journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences			53		2	M87-91						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		The effect of adenosine on the reduced heart rate response to exercise in the elderly								Pubmed 9520913						CN-00685597				BACKGROUND: In a previous study we demonstrated that excessive endogenous adenosine production and/or response was responsible for the blunted tachycardia to bolus intravenous doses of isoproterenol in the elderly. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that excessive endogenous adenosine may also be responsible for the diminished maximal tachycardia with aging. METHODS: Twelve young (mean age 27.3 +/- .61 yr) and 12 older (mean age 66.8 +/- .9 yr) healthy men were asked to perform maximum exercise tests in the presence of placebo or theophylline at plasma concentrations between 15-20 micrograms/ml. Heart rate, oxygen consumption, and respiratory gas exchange ratio were continuously monitored and recorded during the exercise. In addition, plasma lactate, glycerol, renin activity, and catecholamines were measured before and after maximal exercise. RESULTS: Maximum heart rate to exercise was higher in the young (190 +/- 3 bpm in the young, 157 +/- 2 bpm in the old) and increased by 4.5 +/- 1.2 bpm in the young and 9.8 +/- 2.6 bpm in the old with the administration of theophylline that resulted in an equivalent serum concentration in the two age groups. This age difference in the increase was not significant but approached significance at a p value of .07. Maximum VO2 was also greater in the young group and this was unaffected in both groups by theophylline administration. The increase in serum lactate and plasma renin activity (PRA) to exercise was higher in the young group both in the presence and absence of theophylline. CONCLUSIONS: Our data could not identify excessive adenosine in the older group as the cause of diminished maximal exercise heart rate with aging. It is likely that the diminished chronotropic response to exercise in the older humans is due to a mechanism intrinsic to the cardiac excitatory tissue.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-00685597/frame.html										
E. Ang, W. Chan, J. Cleland, D. Moore, S. Krikler, N. Alexander and C. Oakley	1990	Placebo controlled trial of xamoterol versus digoxin in chronic atrial fibrillation		British heart journal			64		4	256-60						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Placebo controlled trial of xamoterol versus digoxin in chronic atrial fibrillation								Pubmed 1977430						CN-00070761				Thirteen patients in chronic atrial fibrillation with a normal resting heart rate but with exercise tachycardia and episodes of bradycardia were randomised to treatment periods of two weeks on xamoterol (200 mg twice daily), low dose digoxin, or placebo, in a blind crossover study. The results (mean SEM) of symptom scores, a treadmill exercise test, and 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring were obtained. Xamoterol improved symptom scores and controlled exercise heart rate better than digoxin. Xamoterol was better than digoxin or placebo in reducing the heart rate response to exercise and tended to improve exercise duration. Xamoterol, by reducing the daytime maximum hourly heart rate and increasing the night time minimum hourly heart rate, significantly reduced the difference between the two compared with placebo. In contrast, digoxin tended to reduce both the maximum and minimum hourly heart rates through day and night. Both the frequency and duration of ventricular pauses were reduced by xamoterol but tended to increase with digoxin. Xamoterol reduced both the circadian variation in ventricular response to atrial fibrillation and exercise tachycardia by modulating the heart rate according to the prevailing level of sympathetic activity. These changes were translated into symptomatic benefit for the patients studied.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/761/CN-00070761/frame.html										
J. Annegarn, M. A. Spruit, N. H. Uszko-Lencer, S. Vanbelle, H. H. Savelberg, A. M. Schols, E. F. Wouters and K. Meijer	2011	Objective physical activity assessment in patients with chronic organ failure: a validation study of a new single-unit activity monitor		Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation			92		11	1852-1857.e1					Nov			Objective physical activity assessment in patients with chronic organ failure: a validation study of a new single-unit activity monitor	Arch Phys Med Rehabil	1532-821X												22032218				OBJECTIVE: To validate a new activity monitor (CAM) in patients with chronic organ failure during 1 hour of unconstrained activity assessment.
DESIGN: A validation study in which participants wore a CAM (placed on the thigh) for 1 hour while they were videotaped. Participants were instructed to continue their normal daily routine at the rehabilitation center.
SETTING: CIRO+, A Centre of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure.
PARTICIPANTS: Chronic organ failure patients (N=10) with a large range of functional exercise capacity.
INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Agreement in time spent on activities and postures according to video and CAM.
RESULTS: Cohen kappa coefficients for transient events resulted in an almost perfect agreement (0.85 + 0.08) between the CAM and video.
CONCLUSIONS: The CAM is a promising single-sensor unobtrusive tool for providing accurate data on the type and duration of daily activities in the home environment of patients with chronic organ failure. Copyright 2011 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Annegarn, Janneke
Spruit, Martijn A
Uszko-Lencer, Nicole H M K
Vanbelle, Sophie
Savelberg, Hans H C M
Schols, Annemie M W J
Wouters, Emiel F M
Meijer, Kenneth		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22032218http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22032218&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.apmr.2011.06.021&issn=0003-9993&volume=92&issue=11&spage=1852&pages=1852-1857.e1&date=2011&title=Archives+of+Physical+Medicine+%26+Rehabilitation&atitle=Objective+physical+activity+assessment+in+patients+with+chronic+organ+failure%3A+a+validation+study+of+a+new+single-unit+activity+monitor.&aulast=Annegarn&pid=%3Cauthor%3EAnnegarn+J%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22032218%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Human Movement Science, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands. Janneke.annegarn@maastrichtuniversity.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. Annegarn, M. A. Spruit, N. H. M. K. Uszko-Lencer, S. Vanbelle, H. H. C. M. Savelberg, A. M. W. J. Schols, E. F. M. Wouters and K. Meijer	2011	Objective Physical Activity Assessment in Patients With Chronic Organ Failure: A Validation Study of a New Single-Unit Activity Monitor		Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation			92		11	1852-1857.e1								Objective Physical Activity Assessment in Patients With Chronic Organ Failure: A Validation Study of a New Single-Unit Activity Monitor		0003-9993												2011336185. Language: English. Entry Date: 20111209. Revision Date: 20120907. Publication Type: journal article				Abstract: Annegarn J, Spruit MA, Uszko-Lencer NHMK, Vanbelle S, Savelberg HHCM, Schols AMWJ, Wouters EFM, Meijer K. Objective physical activity assessment in patients with chronic organ failure: a validation study of a new single-unit activity monitor. Objective: To validate a new activity monitor (CAM) in patients with chronic organ failure during 1 hour of unconstrained activity assessment. Design: A validation study in which participants wore a CAM (placed on the thigh) for 1 hour while they were videotaped. Participants were instructed to continue their normal daily routine at the rehabilitation center. Setting: CIRO+, A Centre of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure. Participants: Chronic organ failure patients (N=10) with a large range of functional exercise capacity. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure: Agreement in time spent on activities and postures according to video and CAM. Results: Cohen kappa coefficients for transient events resulted in an almost perfect agreement (0.85±0.08) between the CAM and video. Conclusions: The CAM is a promising single-sensor unobtrusive tool for providing accurate data on the type and duration of daily activities in the home environment of patients with chronic organ failure.	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Online/Print; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Physical Therapy. Instrumentation: Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Grant Information: Maastricht Instruments for providing all necessary tools. NLM UID: 2985158R.
PMID: 22032218		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2011336185&site=ehost-live		Department of Human Movement Science, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
Program Development Centre, CIRO+, a Centre of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure, Horn, The Netherlands
Department of Methodology and Statistics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands						rzh	EBSCOhost	
J. Annesi, A. Smith and G. Tennant	2013	Effects of the Start For Life treatment on physical activity in primarily African American preschool children of ages 3-5 years		Psychology, health & medicine			18		3	300-9						Journal: Article		Effects of the Start For Life treatment on physical activity in primarily African American preschool children of ages 3-5 years								Pubmed 22882084						CN-00909289				In U.S. children of ages 2-5 years, combined overweight and obesity has increased to 21%, with African American children of this age range highest at 26%. Lack of physical activity is highly predictive of overweight and obesity in children. Preschools may be a useful point for intervention. An innovative preschool physical activity treatment (Start For Life) was developed based on principles of social cognitive and self-efficacy theory. It incorporated 30 minutes daily of highly structured physical activity with behavioral and self-regulatory skills training (e.g. goal setting, self-monitoring, productive self-talk) interspersed. Data obtained from accelerometry was used to contrast physical activity outputs during the preschool day in the Start For Life condition (n = 202) with a usual-care control condition (n = 136). After controlling for age and sex of the primarily African American participants (M age = 4.7 years), changes over eight weeks in moderate-to-vigorous and vigorous physical activity were significant, and significantly more favorable in the Start For Life group; F(1, 344) = 4.98, p = .026 and F(1, 344) = 3.60, p = .058, respectively. Start For Life was associated with a weekly increase in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity of approximately 40 minutes. After sufficient replications that better account for different sample types, parental effects and physical activity outside of the school day, and long-term effects, widespread dissemination may be considered.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/289/CN-00909289/frame.html										
S. D. Anton, E. LeBlanc, H. R. Allen, C. Karabetian, F. Sacks, G. Bray and D. A. Williamson	2012	Use of a computerized tracking system to monitor and provide feedback on dietary goals for calorie-restricted diets: the POUNDS LOST study		Journal of Diabetes Science & Technology			6		5	1216-25					Sep	Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Use of a computerized tracking system to monitor and provide feedback on dietary goals for calorie-restricted diets: the POUNDS LOST study	J Diabetes Sci Technol	1932-2968					PMC3570857							23063049				The use of self-monitoring as a tool to facilitate behavioral modification is common in many lifestyle-based weight loss interventions. Electronic tracking programs, including computer-based systems and smart phone applications, have been developed to allow individuals to self-monitor their behavior digitally. These programs offer an advantage over traditional self-report modalities in that they can provide users with direct feedback about dietary and/or physical activity adherence levels and thereby assist them in real-time decision making. This article describes the use of an Internet-based computerized tracking system (CTS) that was developed specifically for the POUNDS LOST study, a 2-year randomized controlled trial designed to test the efficacy of four macronutrient diets for weight and fat reduction in healthy, overweight men and women (body mass index range = 25.0-39.9 kg/m(2)). The CTS served many functions in this study, including data collection, dietary and exercise assessment and feedback, messaging system, and report generation. Across all groups, participants with high usage of the CTS during the initial 8 weeks lost greater amounts of weight than participants with low usage (8.7% versus 5.5% of initial body weight, respectively; p < .001) at week 32. Rates of CTS utilization were highest during the first year of this 2-year intervention, and utilization of the CTS declined steadily over time. The unique features of the CTS combined with technological developments, such as smart phone applications, offer significant potential to improve the user's self-monitoring experience and adherence to health promotion programs designed specifically for individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes. 2012 Diabetes Technology Society.	Anton, Stephen D
LeBlanc, Eric
Allen, H Raymond
Karabetian, Christy
Sacks, Frank
Bray, George
Williamson, Donald A
HL073286 (United States NHLBI NIH HHS)
K23 AT004251-01A2 (United States NCCAM NIH HHS)
RR-02635 (United States NCRR NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23063049http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23063049&id=doi:&issn=1932-2968&volume=6&issue=5&spage=1216&pages=1216-25&date=2012&title=Journal+of+Diabetes+Science+%26+Technology&atitle=Use+of+a+computerized+tracking+system+to+monitor+and+provide+feedback+on+dietary+goals+for+calorie-restricted+diets%3A+the+POUNDS+LOST+study.&aulast=Anton&pid=%3Cauthor%3EAnton+SD%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23063049%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. santon@ufl.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. Anton, E. LeBlanc, H. Allen, C. Karabetian, F. Sacks, G. Bray and D. Williamson	2012	Use of a computerized tracking system to monitor and provide feedback on dietary goals for calorie-restricted diets: the POUNDS LOST study		Journal of diabetes science and technology			6		5	1216-25						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Use of a computerized tracking system to monitor and provide feedback on dietary goals for calorie-restricted diets: the POUNDS LOST study								Pubmed 23063049						CN-00853688				The use of self-monitoring as a tool to facilitate behavioral modification is common in many lifestyle-based weight loss interventions. Electronic tracking programs, including computer-based systems and smart phone applications, have been developed to allow individuals to self-monitor their behavior digitally. These programs offer an advantage over traditional self-report modalities in that they can provide users with direct feedback about dietary and/or physical activity adherence levels and thereby assist them in real-time decision making. This article describes the use of an Internet-based computerized tracking system (CTS) that was developed specifically for the POUNDS LOST study, a 2-year randomized controlled trial designed to test the efficacy of four macronutrient diets for weight and fat reduction in healthy, overweight men and women (body mass index range = 25.0-39.9 kg/m(2)). The CTS served many functions in this study, including data collection, dietary and exercise assessment and feedback, messaging system, and report generation. Across all groups, participants with high usage of the CTS during the initial 8 weeks lost greater amounts of weight than participants with low usage (8.7% versus 5.5% of initial body weight, respectively; p < .001) at week 32. Rates of CTS utilization were highest during the first year of this 2-year intervention, and utilization of the CTS declined steadily over time. The unique features of the CTS combined with technological developments, such as smart phone applications, offer significant potential to improve the user's self-monitoring experience and adherence to health promotion programs designed specifically for individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/688/CN-00853688/frame.html										
M. Antz, R. Cappato and K. Kuck	1995	Metoprolol versus sotalol in the treatment of sustained ventricular tachycardia		Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology			26		4	627-35						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Metoprolol versus sotalol in the treatment of sustained ventricular tachycardia								Pubmed 8569226						CN-00121353				The efficacy of sotalol in the treatment of sustained ventricular arrhythmias has been proved; however, whether its antiarrhythmic effect is due to a beta-blocking activity, a class III antiarrhythmic activity, or a combination of both is not known. We conducted a prospective randomized study to compare the effects of metoprolol, a "pure" beta-blocking agent, and of sotalol, a beta-blocking agent with additional class III antiarrhythmic properties, in 34 consecutive patients with documented sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) unrelated to transient causes. After undergoing baseline programmed electrical stimulation (PES-1) to assess arrhythmia inducibility, the patients were randomly assigned to a (double-blind) treatment of either metoprolol (16 patients) or sotalol (18 patients). Before the chronic regimen was initiated, arrhythmia inducibility was reassessed after the intravenous administration of either 0.15 mg/kg metoprolol or 1.5 mg/kg sotalol (PES-2), according to drug assignment. During the chronic oral regimen, a third PES (PES-3) was performed after a median follow-up of 72 days. Resting and exercise ECG, Holter monitoring and echocardiography were performed at baseline and during follow-up. During a 2-year follow-up, a non-fatal arrhythmia recurred in 1 patient of the metoprolol arm and in 5 patients of the sotalol arm; 1 patient in the latter group died suddenly 2 months after the recurrence, while receiving amiodarone therapy. Intention-to-treat analysis showed no difference in the incidence of arrhythmia recurrence, sudden death, or total mortality between the two groups. During PES-1, a sustained ventricular arrhythmia was inducible in 18 of 34 patients (53%), 8 in the metoprolol and 10 in the sotalol arm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/353/CN-00121353/frame.html										
P. Araiza, H. Hewes, C. Gashetewa, C. Vella and M. Burge	2006	Efficacy of a pedometer-based physical activity program on parameters of diabetes control in type 2 diabetes mellitus		Metabolism: clinical and experimental			55		10	1382-7						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Efficacy of a pedometer-based physical activity program on parameters of diabetes control in type 2 diabetes mellitus								Pubmed 16979410						CN-00568036				The aim of the study was to determine whether a recommendation to walk 10000 steps per day would result in significant improvements in glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study was a 6-week randomized controlled trial that included 30 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. After 10 days of baseline activity, patients were randomized into 2 groups: control and active. The control group (n = 15) was instructed to continue with their baseline activity for 6 weeks. The active group (n = 15) was instructed to walk at least 10000 steps per day 5 or more days per week, for 6 weeks. Data relevant to glycemic control and other parameters of health were collected at study weeks 0 and 6. There were no differences in the baseline activity between groups (P = .36). Subjects in the active group significantly increased physical activity by 69% during the intervention phase of the study (P = .002), whereas there was no change in the physical activity of the control group (P > .05). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and resting energy expenditure significantly increased in the active group (P < .05). Finally, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) activity was reduced by exercise relative to the control group (P = .03). There were no differences in any other study parameters during the 6-week study. In conclusion, short-term intervention with a pedometer increased physical activity and positively affected plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 activity in previously inactive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The use of a pedometer may prove to be an effective tool for promoting healthy lifestyle changes that include daily physical activity and self-monitoring of therapeutic goals.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/036/CN-00568036/frame.html										
K. Arbour and G. K. Martin	2009	A randomised controlled trial of the effects of implementation intentions on women's walking behaviour		Psychology & health			24		1	49-65						Randomized Controlled Trial		A randomised controlled trial of the effects of implementation intentions on women's walking behaviour								Pubmed 20186639						CN-00752227				The combination of low physical activity rates and increased cardiovascular deaths indicate the overwhelming need for behaviour change interventions that can effectively promote physical activity among sedentary women. This 11-week randomised controlled trial examined the effects of an implementation intentions intervention on sedentary women's walking behaviour. Seventy-five women (M age = 48.17) were randomly assigned to either a control group where they were required to self-monitor their daily pedometer-determined step count or to an experimental group where they were asked to form specific walking plans (i.e. implementation intentions) every 6 weeks and to self-monitor their daily pedometer-determined step count. Measures of exercise intentions, perceived behavioural control, scheduling and barrier self-efficacy were administered at baseline, week 6 and week 11. Analyses indicated higher step counts over the first 6 weeks for women in the experimental condition (p < 0.02). Furthermore, higher self-efficacy to schedule (p < 0.01) and overcome walking barriers (p < 0.03), as well as higher perceptions of behavioural control (p < 0.02) were found at week 11 for women in the experimental versus control condition. However, none of the control beliefs were found to mediate the effects of the intervention on the women's walking behaviour. Furthermore, the intervention did not have any effect on the strength of the goal intention-behaviour relationship. The findings suggest implementation intentions are an effective strategy for initiating leisure-time walking within sedentary women.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/227/CN-00752227/frame.html										
K. Arbour-Nicitopoulos, K. Ginis and A. Latimer	2009	Planning, leisure-time physical activity, and coping self-efficacy in persons with spinal cord injury: a randomized controlled trial		Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation			90		12	2003-11						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Planning, leisure-time physical activity, and coping self-efficacy in persons with spinal cord injury: a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 19969161						CN-00733089				UNLABELLED: Arbour-Nicitopoulos KP, Martin Ginis KA, Latimer AE. Planning, leisure-time physical activity, and coping self-efficacy in persons with spinal cord injury: a randomized controlled trial. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of action and coping planning (ACP) on leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and coping self-efficacy in exercise initiates living with spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN: Ten-week, single-blind randomized controlled trial. SETTING: General community. PARTICIPANTS: Adults (N=44) with SCI (mean age +/- SD, 49.70+/-12.71y) were randomly assigned to either an action planning only (APO; n=22) or an ACP (n=22) condition. INTERVENTION: Participants in the APO condition formed action plans for LTPA at weeks 1 and 5, and self-monitored their LTPA behavior. Those in the ACP condition formed coping plans for managing self-identified activity barriers, in addition to forming action plans and self-monitoring. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Measures of intentions, coping self-efficacy, and behavior were assessed at weeks 1, 5, and 10. RESULTS: Intention-to-treat analyses indicated that persons in the ACP condition reported significantly greater LTPA, scheduling, and general barriers self-efficacy at weeks 5 and 10, in comparison with those in the APO condition. Scheduling self-efficacy mediated the effects of the intervention on LTPA, accounting for 38% of the total effect of the intervention on week 5 LTPA. CONCLUSIONS: These findings illustrate the effectiveness of supplementing action plans with coping plans for enhancing LTPA and coping self-efficacy beliefs among exercise initiates living with SCI.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/089/CN-00733089/frame.html										
E. Archer, G. A. Hand, J. R. Hebert, E. Y. Lau, X. Wang, R. P. Shook, R. Fayad, C. J. Lavie and S. N. Blair	2013	Validation of a novel protocol for calculating estimated energy requirements and average daily physical activity ratio for the US population: 2005-2006		Mayo Clinic Proceedings			88		12	1398-407					Dec	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Validation Studies		Validation of a novel protocol for calculating estimated energy requirements and average daily physical activity ratio for the US population: 2005-2006	Mayo Clin Proc	1942-5546												24290113				OBJECTIVE: To validate the PAR protocol, a novel method for calculating population-level estimated energy requirements (EERs) and average physical activity ratio (APAR), in a nationally representative sample of US adults.
METHODS: Estimates of EER and APAR values were calculated via a factorial equation from a nationally representative sample of 2597 adults aged 20 and 74 years (US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; data collected between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2006). Validation of the PAR protocol-derived EER (EER(PAR)) values was performed via comparison with values from the Institute of Medicine EER equations (EER(IOM)).
RESULTS: The correlation between EER(PAR) and EER(IOM) was high (0.98; P<.001). The difference between EER(PAR) and EER(IOM) values ranged from 40 kcal/d (1.2% higher than EER(IOM)) in obese (body mass index [BMI] >30) men to 148 kcal/d (5.7% higher) in obese women. The 2005-2006 EERs for the US population were 2940 kcal/d for men and 2275 kcal/d for women and ranged from 3230 kcal/d in obese (BMI >30) men to 2026 kcal/d in normal weight (BMI <25) women. There were significant inverse relationships between APAR and both obesity and age. For men and women, the APAR values were 1.53 and 1.52, respectively. Obese men and women had lower APAR values than normal weight individuals (P=.23 and P=.15, respectively), and younger individuals had higher APAR values than older individuals (P<.001).
CONCLUSION: The PAR protocol is an accurate method for deriving nationally representative estimates of EER and APAR values. These descriptive data provide novel quantitative baseline values for future investigations into associations of physical activity and health. Copyright 2013 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Archer, Edward
Hand, Gregory A
Hebert, James R
Lau, Erica Y
Wang, Xuewen
Shook, Robin P
Fayad, Raja
Lavie, Carl J
Blair, Steven N
Comment in: Mayo Clin Proc. 2013 Dec;88(12):1353-5; PMID: 24290107
S0025-6196(13)00790-8		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24290113http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:24290113&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.mayocp.2013.08.019&issn=0025-6196&volume=88&issue=12&spage=1398&pages=1398-407&date=2013&title=Mayo+Clinic+Proceedings&atitle=Validation+of+a+novel+protocol+for+calculating+estimated+energy+requirements+and+average+daily+physical+activity+ratio+for+the+US+population%3A+2005-2006.&aulast=Archer&pid=%3Cauthor%3EArcher+E%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E24290113%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia. Electronic address: archerec@email.sc.edu.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

E. Archer	2013	Energy requirements and expenditure, economics, and health		Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering			74		6-B(E)	No Pagination Specified						Dissertation
Empirical Study; Quantitative Study		Energy requirements and expenditure, economics, and health		0419-4217												Dissertation Abstract: 2013-99240-156				The enrichment of any field of endeavor with new uncertainty is the primary indicator of genius and great scholarship. The former is achieved by looking at the same universe as one's antecedents but espying something novel (i.e., an absence that obligates creation or a manifestation of ignorance that must be removed for progress to commence). The latter is achieved by due diligence, a thorough perusal of the work of those upon whose shoulders you attempt to stand and by ceaselessly and tirelessly pursuing truth (i.e., statistically valid facts upon which accurate prediction may be predicated). This dissertation is an attempt to briefly examine two disparate domains; first, the current 'state-of affairs' regarding the measurement of energy requirements, energy expenditure, and their relationship with health, and second, to perform economic analyses of an existing health intervention. Multiple manuscripts were created to address these interdisciplinary and challenging topics. The initial report describes a novel method for the estimation of human food energy requirements by combining disparate data sources (i.e., demographic, anthropometrics and accelerometry). The manuscript describes the creation of the first objectively estimated physical activity level (PAL), nationally representative food energy requirements (FERs) for the United States (US) population The second manuscript examines the disparity between energy requirements and self-reported energy intake using a nationally representative, cross-sectional, statistically weighted sample of US adults, aged 20 to 74 (US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; NHANES: 2005-2006). The third manuscript is an examination of trends in energy expenditure from an oft-ignored form of physical activity energy expenditure: household management. The fourth and final manuscript is an economic analysis of the Lifestyle Education for Activity and Nutrition (LEAN) Study, a randomized control trial (RCT) of traditional and non-traditional (i.e., technology-based) behavioral weight loss interventions. Given the current state of health care expenditure, potential solutions to the obesity epidemic must both be efficacious and cost-effective. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).	AAI3552214		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=psyc8&AN=2013-99240-156http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:PsycINFO+<April+Week+1+2013+to+June+Week+1+2014>&genre=article&id=pmid:&id=doi:&issn=0419-4217&volume=74&issue=6-B(E)&spage=No&pages=No+Pagination+Specified&date=2013&title=Dissertation+Abstracts+International:+Section+B:+The+Sciences+and+Engineering&atitle=Energy+requirements+and+expenditure,+economics,+and+health.&aulast=Archer&pid=<author>Archer,+Edward</author>&<AN>2013-99240-156</AN>		Archer, Edward: U South Carolina, US								English

A. Arikawa, M. O'Dougherty, B. Kaufman, A. Smith, W. Thomas, M. Warren, M. Kurzer and K. Schmitz	2010	Women in Steady Exercise Research (WISER): study design and methods		Contemporary clinical trials			31		5	457-65						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Women in Steady Exercise Research (WISER): study design and methods								Pubmed 20576482						CN-00779305				PURPOSE: Observational studies have shown that physical activity is inversely associated with breast cancer etiology. WISER is a randomized controlled trial examining the effects of exercise training on oxidative stress, and hormonal and metabolic factors associated with breast cancer risk. METHOD: Subjects were recruited via emails, flyers, and mass media advertising. Inclusion criteria included: sedentary, age 18-30 years, non-smokers, BMI 18-40 kg/m2, not using any hormonal contraceptives. After completion of all baseline measures subjects were randomized into a control group or an exercise intervention for 4 menstrual cycles. The exercise group was asked to complete five 45 min exercise sessions per week. Exercise intensity was set at 65-70% of maximum age- predicted heart rate (max HR) and increased every four weeks. All women provided blood samples four times during the study for measurement of blood F2-isoprostanes, hormones and IGF-axis proteins. In addition, 24-hour urine samples were collected at baseline and follow-up for measurement of estrogen metabolites, as well as 24-hour food records to monitor participants' diets. DISCUSSION: WISER consented 683 women among which 391 enrolled and 319 successfully completed the study. The overall dropout rate was 18.4% (n=72) with a higher number of participants dropping from the exercise group (n=46). No differences were found between dropouts and completers with respect to age, body weight, BMI, and demographic characteristics with the exception of degree of education. Findings from this trial will be useful in understanding the physiologic mechanisms by which exercise possibly contributes to decreased breast cancer risk.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/305/CN-00779305/frame.html										
C. C. Ariza, P. V. Gavara, U. A. Munoz, M. F. Aguera, M. M. Soto and S. J. Lorca	2011	Improvement of control in subjects with type 2 diabetes after a joint intervention: Diabetes education and physical activity. [Spanish]		Atencion primaria / Sociedad Espanola de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria			43		8	398-406						Journal: Article		Improvement of control in subjects with type 2 diabetes after a joint intervention: Diabetes education and physical activity. [Spanish]														CN-00887643				Objective: To study the improvement of metabolic control and cardiovascular risk factors, adherence, self-monitoring, self-care, attitudes and motivation in subjects with Type 2 Diabetes (DM2) in a specific Health Care Area after group intervention through the community: diabetes education (DE) and physical exercise (PE). Design: A single blind, randomised controlled clinical trial. Intervention: group 1: DE; group 2: ED and PE; group 3: only PE, and "control" group-4: Individual consultations. Location: Urban health centre/municipal sports centre. Participants: 108 DM2, age: 40-70, glycated haemoglobin (HbA<sub>1</sub>c) < 8.5%, blood pressure (BP) <160/90 and body mass index (BMI) < 45, excluding those with chronic complications and/or acute decompensation. Interventions: During 6 months, 8 workshops were held for group education and monitored aerobic physical exercise of moderate intensity (3 hours a week). Main measurements: Primary variable pre- and post- intervention: reduction in HbA<sub>1</sub>c; other variables: examination and analytical data, therapeutic compliance, self-monitoring, self-care, attitudes and motivation (DAS-3SP survey). Results: After intervention, more diabetics had a lower HbA<sub>1</sub>c following a full intervention: "DE" and "PE", RR: 1.93 (0.85-4.40) and exercise, RR: 1.56 (0.65-3.76). With simultaneous DE and PE, the BMI, RR: 1.61 (0.85-3.03) and LDL cholesterol, RR: 1.82 (0.99-3.36), of many subjects decreased. Dietary compliance, RR: 1.29 (0.32-5.22) and exercise, RR: 1.93 (0.76-4.91) also increased, more patients performing their own checks, RR: 3.86 (0.90-16.55) and improving motivation/attitudes in "strict control management", RR: 1.48 (0.94-2.34). With PE, systolic and diastolic BP decreased in more patients RR: 1.35 (0.72-2.52), 1.87 (0.72-4.84) while in the DE group only diastolic values decreased 1.80 (0.69-4.67). Conclusions: Patient conditions improve more with the combination of DE and PE, though the results are not statistically significant, probably due to insufficient sample size. 2010 Elsevier Espana, S.L. All rights reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/643/CN-00887643/frame.html										
C. C. Ariza, P. V. Gavara, U. A. Muñoz, M. F. Aguera, M. M. Soto and S. J. Lorca	2011	[Improvement of control in subjects with type 2 diabetes after a joint intervention: diabetes education and physical activity]		Atencion primaria / Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria			43		8	398-406						English Abstract; Randomized Controlled Trial		[Improvement of control in subjects with type 2 diabetes after a joint intervention: diabetes education and physical activity]								Pubmed 21349603						CN-00801516				OBJECTIVE: To study the improvement of metabolic control and cardiovascular risk factors, adherence, self-monitoring, self-care, attitudes and motivation in subjects with Type 2 Diabetes (DM2) in a specific Health Care Area after group intervention through the community: diabetes education (DE) and physical exercise (PE). DESIGN: A single blind, randomised controlled clinical trial. Intervention: group 1: DE; group 2: ED and PE; group 3: only PE, and "control" group-4: Individual consultations. LOCATION: Urban health centre/municipal sports centre. PARTICIPANTS: 108 DM2, age: 40-70, glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1)c) ? 8.5%, blood pressure (BP)<160/90 and body mass index (BMI)<45, excluding those with chronic complications and/or acute decompensation. INTERVENTIONS: During 6 months, 8 workshops were held for group education and monitored aerobic physical exercise of moderate intensity (3 hours a week). MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Primary variable pre- and post- intervention: reduction in HbA(1)c; other variables: examination and analytical data, therapeutic compliance, self-monitoring, self-care, attitudes and motivation (DAS-3SP survey). RESULTS: After intervention, more diabetics had a lower HbA(1)c following a full intervention: "DE" and "PE", RR: 1.93 (0.85-4.40) and exercise, RR: 1.56 (0.65-3.76). With simultaneous DE and PE, the BMI, RR: 1.61 (0.85-3.03) and LDL cholesterol, RR: 1.82 (0.99-3.36), of many subjects decreased. Dietary compliance, RR: 1.29 (0.32-5.22) and exercise, RR: 1.93 (0.76-4.91) also increased, more patients performing their own checks, RR: 3.86 (0.90-16.55) and improving motivation/attitudes in "strict control management", RR: 1.48 (0.94-2.34). With PE, systolic and diastolic BP decreased in more patients RR: 1.35 (0.72-2.52), 1.87 (0.72-4.84) while in the DE group only diastolic values decreased 1.80 (0.69-4.67). CONCLUSIONS: Patient conditions improve more with the combination of DE and PE, though the results are not statistically significant, probably due to insufficient sample size.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/516/CN-00801516/frame.html										
C. Armit, W. Brown, A. Marshall, C. Ritchie, S. Trost, A. Green and A. Bauman	2009	Randomized trial of three strategies to promote physical activity in general practice		Preventive medicine			48		2	156-63						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Randomized trial of three strategies to promote physical activity in general practice								Pubmed 19100282						CN-00706171				OBJECTIVE: To evaluate three strategies for promoting physical activity (PA) in a primary care setting. METHOD: Data were collected between 2002 and 2004 from 136 patients attending two general practices in Brisbane, Australia. Inactive patients (50-70 years) were randomly allocated to one of three hierarchical intervention groups: the general practitioner (GP) group received 'brief' advice; the GP+ES group also received behavior change advice from an exercise scientist (ES); and the GP+ES+P group also received a pedometer. Self-reported PA and its determinants were measured at baseline and weeks 12 and 24. Cardio-respiratory variables were measured at baseline and week 12. RESULTS: Overall, mean PA time increased by 84 and 128 min/week at weeks 12 and 24 (p<.01) with no significant group differences. Small improvements in blood pressure and post-exercise heart rate were observed. At week 24, the GP+ES+P group were more likely to report meeting PA guidelines than the GP group (OR=2.39 95% CI: 1.01, 5.64). CONCLUSION: PA levels can be increased in mid- to older-age adults, either by brief advice from motivated GPs alone, or from collaboration between GPs and ESs. The most intense intervention (GP+ES+P) showed the most promising results.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/171/CN-00706171/frame.html										
D. G. Armstrong, P. L. Abu-Rumman, B. P. Nixon and A. J. Boulton	2001	Continuous activity monitoring in persons at high risk for diabetes-related lower-extremity amputation		Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association			91		9	451-5					Oct	Comparative Study		Continuous activity monitoring in persons at high risk for diabetes-related lower-extremity amputation	J Am Podiatr Med Assoc	8750-7315												11679626				This study evaluated the magnitude and location of activity of diabetic patients at high risk for foot amputation. Twenty subjects aged 64.6 +/- 1.8 years with diabetes, neuropathy, deformity, or a history of lower-extremity ulceration or partial foot amputation were dispensed a continuous activity monitor and a log book to record time periods spent in and out of their homes for 1 week. The results indicate that patients took more steps per hour outside their home, but took more steps per day inside their homes. Although 85% of the patients wore their physician-approved shoes most or all of the time while they were outside their homes, only 15% continued to wear them at home. Focusing on protection of the foot during in-home ambulation may be an important factor on which to focus future multidisciplinary efforts to reduce the incidence of ulceration and amputation. The ability to continuously monitor the magnitude, duration, and time of activity ultimately may assist clinicians in dosing activity just as they dose drugs.	Armstrong, D G
Abu-Rumman, P L
Nixon, B P
Boulton, A J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11679626http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:11679626&id=doi:&issn=8750-7315&volume=91&issue=9&spage=451&pages=451-5&date=2001&title=Journal+of+the+American+Podiatric+Medical+Association&atitle=Continuous+activity+monitoring+in+persons+at+high+risk+for+diabetes-related+lower-extremity+amputation.&aulast=Armstrong&pid=%3Cauthor%3EArmstrong+DG%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E11679626%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Surgery, Podiatry Section, Southern Arizona Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

D. G. Armstrong, L. A. Lavery, K. Holtz-Neiderer, M. J. Mohler, C. S. Wendel, B. P. Nixon and A. J. M. Boulton	2004	Variability in activity may precede diabetic foot ulceration		Diabetes Care			27		8	1980-1984								Variability in activity may precede diabetic foot ulceration		0149-5992												2004187744. Language: English. Entry Date: 20041119. Revision Date: 20091218. Publication Type: journal article				OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of activity in the development of neuropathic foot ulceration in individuals with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated the first 100 consecutive individuals with diabetes (95.0% male, aged 68.5 +/- 10.0 years with concomitant neuropathy, deformity, and/or a history of lower-extremity ulceration/partial foot amputation) enrolled in an ongoing prospective longitudinal activity study. Subjects used a high-capacity continuous computerized activity monitor. Data were collected continuously over a minimum of 25 weeks (or until ulceration) with daily activity units expressed as means +/- SD. RESULTS: Eight subjects ulcerated during the evaluation period of 37.1 +/- 12.3 weeks. The average daily activity was significantly lower in individuals who ulcerated compared with individuals who did not ulcerate (809.0 +/- 612.2 vs. 1,394.5 +/- 868.5, P = 0.03). Furthermore, there was a large difference in variability between groups. The coefficient of variation was significantly greater in the ulceration group compared with the no ulceration group (96.4 +/- 50.3 vs. 44.7 +/- 15.4%, P = 0.0001). In the 2 weeks preceding the ulcerative event, the coefficient of variation increased even further (115.4 +/- 43.0%, P = 0.02), but there was no significant difference in average daily activity during that period (P = 0.5). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that individuals with diabetes who develop ulceration may actually have a lower overall activity than their counterparts with no ulceration, but the quality of that activity may be more variable. Perhaps modulating the "peaks and valleys" of activity in this population through some form of feedback might prove to reduce risk for ulceration in this very-high-risk population.	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Grant Information: US Department of Veterans Affairs, Health Services Research and Development Merit Award IIR 20-059 and Dermik Laboratories/Aventis. No. of Refs: 31 ref. NLM UID: 7805975. Email: armstrong@usa.net.
PMID: 15277427		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2004187744&site=ehost-live		Dr. William M. Scholl College of Podiatric Medicine at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064						rzh	EBSCOhost	
T. Arnim	1995	Medical treatment to reduce total ischemic burden: total ischemic burden bisoprolol study (TIBBS), a multicenter trial comparing bisoprolol and nifedipine. The TIBBS Investigators		Journal of the American College of Cardiology			25		1	231-8						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Medical treatment to reduce total ischemic burden: total ischemic burden bisoprolol study (TIBBS), a multicenter trial comparing bisoprolol and nifedipine. The TIBBS Investigators								Pubmed 7798508						CN-00108317				OBJECTIVES: We compared the effects of bisoprolol on transient myocardial ischemia with those of nifedipine in patients with chronic stable angina. BACKGROUND: Both beta-adrenergic blocking agents and calcium antagonists reduce transient ischemic episodes, but comparisons of these agents have been made in only a few larger studies. METHODS: The Total Ischemic Burden Bisoprolol Study (TIBBS) was a randomized double-blind controlled study with two parallel groups; 330 patients from 30 centers in seven European countries with stable angina pectoris, a positive exercise test and more than two transient ischemic episodes during 48 h of Holter monitoring (central evaluation) were included. Of these patients 161 were randomized to receive bisoprolol and 169 to receive nifedipine slow release. There were two treatment phases of 4 weeks each, with 48-h Holter monitoring after each phase. During phase 1, patients received either 10 mg of bisoprolol daily or 2 x 20 mg of nifedipine slow release. During phase 2, they received either 20 mg of bisoprolol daily or 2 x 40 mg of nifedipine slow release. RESULTS: In phase 1 of the trial, 4 weeks of bisoprolol therapy (10 mg daily) reduced the mean [+/- SD] number of transient ischemic episodes from 8.1 +/- 0.6 to 3.2 +/- 0.4/48 h. Nifedipine (2 x 20 mg) reduced transient ischemic episodes from 8.3 +/- 0.5 to 5.9 +/- 0.4/48 h. Total duration of ischemia was reduced from 99.3 +/- 10.1 to 31.9 +/- 5.5 min/48 h with bisoprolol and from 101 +/- 9.1 to 72.6 +/- 8.1 min/48 h with nifedipine. Reductions were statistically significant for both drugs; the difference between bisoprolol and nifedipine was also significant (p < 0.0001). Bisoprolol reduced the heart rate at onset of episodes by 13.7 +/- 1.4 beats/min from a baseline value of 99.5 +/- 1.2 beats/min (p < 0.001). Heart rate was unchanged with nifedipine. Bisoprolol had significantly higher responder rates than nifedipine. Doubling of the dose in phase 2 of the trial had small additive effects. Only bisoprolol showed a marked circadian effect by reducing the morning peak of transient ischemic episodes (by 68% at peak time, 8:00 to 8:59 AM). CONCLUSIONS: Both bisoprolol and nifedipine reduced the number and duration of transient ischemic episodes in patients with chronic stable angina. Bisoprolol was significantly more effective than nifedipine in both doses tested and reduced the morning peak of ischemic activity.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/317/CN-00108317/frame.html										
I. Arrigo, H. Brunner-LaRocca, M. Lefkovits, M. Pfisterer and A. Hoffmann	2008	Comparative outcome one year after formal cardiac rehabilitation: the effects of a randomized intervention to improve exercise adherence		European journal of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation			15		3	306-11						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Comparative outcome one year after formal cardiac rehabilitation: the effects of a randomized intervention to improve exercise adherence								Pubmed 18525385						CN-00648821				BACKGROUND: Methods to ensure sustained benefits of cardiac rehabilitation need to be explored. The aim was to assess the effect of a home-based intervention (INT) on exercise adherence and risk factors after cardiac rehabilitation. DESIGN: Prospective randomized study. METHODS: We evaluated patients who were followed for 1 year after either inpatient (ICR) or outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (OCR) by assessment of exercise capacity, physical activity, risk factors and quality of life, both at the completion of rehabilitation, and after 1 year. Patients were randomized to either be instructed how to use a diary of physical activities complemented by quarterly group meetings (INT) or to receive standard treatment (usual care). RESULTS: Two hundred and sixty-one patients gave consent to be reevaluated after 1 year. Of these patients 33 were lost to follow-up (two deaths); thus 228 patients had complete 1-year follow-up data (195 male and 33 female, 91% with coronary artery disease). At 1-year follow-up significantly more patients of the INT group than of the control group adhered to regular physical activity (73 vs. 40%, P<0.0001). Moreover, INT patients showed a better evolution of body mass index and lipid values. In a stepwise multiple regression analysis the following variables showed a significant impact on regular physical activity at follow-up: study INT [odds ratio (OR): 4.19, P<0.0001], previous cardiac surgery (OR: 2.50, P=0.008), BMI at baseline (OR: 0.89, P=0.018) and quality of life at baseline (OR: 1.58, P=0.041). CONCLUSION: Sustained benefits of cardiac rehabilitation can be documented 1 year after both inpatient and outpatient programmes. Self-monitoring of physical activity greatly increased long-term adherence to regular exercise, which in turn was associated with greater improvements of risk factors and quality of life.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/821/CN-00648821/frame.html										
B. Arroll, D. Hill, G. White, N. Sharpe and R. Beaglehole	1994	The effect of exercise episode duration on blood pressure		Journal of hypertension			12		12	1413-5						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The effect of exercise episode duration on blood pressure								Pubmed 7706702						CN-00112702				OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect on blood pressure for 10-min compared with 40-min episodes of physical activity for 4 days. DESIGN AND METHODS: The design used a randomized crossover trial of two exercise episode durations, involving 17 subjects, which were performed in a university setting. The intervention was exercise on a stationary bicycle for four consecutive days, at 50% of maximal oxygen uptake (determined by heart rate), for episode durations of 10 or 40 min. A rest period of 10 days followed before exercise for the alternative duration was performed. The main outcome measure was blinded assessment of blood pressure 24 h after the last exercise episode. RESULTS: Significant reductions were found in systolic and diastolic blood pressure after 4 days of 40 min but not after 4 days of 10 min stationary cycling. The reduction in blood pressure was significant for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure for 4 days of 40 min of exercise episodes. CONCLUSION: Exercise of moderate intensity on a stationary bicycle for 10 min for 4 days is not effective in lowering blood pressure in comparison with the same exercise for 40 min for 4 days. The experimental design employed in the present study has potential for monitoring the effects of exercise on blood pressure.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/702/CN-00112702/frame.html										
D. Arvidsson, F. Slinde, L. Hulthen and J. Sunnegardh	2009	Physical activity, sports participation and aerobic fitness in children who have undergone surgery for congenital heart defects		Acta Paediatrica			98		9	1475-82					Sep	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Physical activity, sports participation and aerobic fitness in children who have undergone surgery for congenital heart defects	Acta Paediatr	1651-2227												19489769				AIM: To investigate physical activity, sports participation and aerobic fitness in children who have undergone surgery for congenital heart defects.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Children who had undergone surgery for congenital heart defects and healthy controls in the Gothenburg area were invited to participate in the study. All participants were aged 9-11 or 14-16 years. The activity monitor ActiReg was used to assess physical activity. Participants were interviewed about their participation in sports and performed a maximal exercise test on a bicycle with measured oxygen uptake.
RESULTS: A total of 32 and 25 patients, and 61 and 45 controls, in the two age-groups were included, respectively. The patients had a wide range of severity of congenital heart defects. The physical activity level was similar in the patients and the controls. The rate of sports participation was high for both patients and controls; 80-94% of all participants took part in sports at least once a week. The majority of the patients were considered to have at least a moderate level of aerobic fitness.
CONCLUSIONS: Although children who have undergone surgery for congenital heart defects have a similar level of physical activity compared with that of healthy children, some of them may require support to participate in exercise and vigorous physical activity.	Arvidsson, D
Slinde, F
Hulthen, L
Sunnegardh, J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19489769http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19489769&id=doi:10.1111%2Fj.1651-2227.2009.01369.x&issn=0803-5253&volume=98&issue=9&spage=1475&pages=1475-82&date=2009&title=Acta+Paediatrica&atitle=Physical+activity%2C+sports+participation+and+aerobic+fitness+in+children+who+have+undergone+surgery+for+congenital+heart+defects.&aulast=Arvidsson&pid=%3Cauthor%3EArvidsson+D%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19489769%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden. daniel.arvidsson@nutrition.gu.se						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. Arya, W. Paloski and L. Young	2007	Centrifugation protocol for the NASA Artificial Gravity-Bed Rest Pilot Study		Journal of gravitational physiology			14		1	P5-8						Controlled Clinical Trial; Multicenter Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Centrifugation protocol for the NASA Artificial Gravity-Bed Rest Pilot Study								Pubmed 18372684						CN-00631013				We have implemented a 41-day ground-based study to investigate the effects of daily artificial gravity loading on bed rest deconditioned human subjects. Each subject underwent 21 days of 6 degree head-down bed rest. Treatment subjects received 60 min daily doses of inertial mechanical loading (2.5 G at the feet decreasing to 1 G at the heart) produced by a short radius centrifuge. During rotation, the subject's cardiovascular responses were monitored via ECG, blood pressure and pulse oximetry, and subjective assessment of motion sickness and overall health were periodically requested. The subject's weight distribution at the feet was measured using a force plate, and lower leg muscle activity was monitored via surface electromyography. Control subjects were instrumented but did not receive any centrifugation. This paper provides details on the centrifuge protocol development and efficacy.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/013/CN-00631013/frame.html										
K. Ashino, E. Gotoh, S. Sumita, I. Takasaki, K. Sugimoto, H. Shionoiri and M. Ishii	1994	Effect of an angiotensin receptor antagonist, TCV-116, on sympathetic nerve activity in patients with essential hypertension		Blood pressure. Supplement			5			122-9						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Effect of an angiotensin receptor antagonist, TCV-116, on sympathetic nerve activity in patients with essential hypertension								Pubmed 7889194						CN-00111887				The effects of an angiotensin II receptor (AT1) antagonist on sympathetic nervous responses to a mental arithmetic task and a cold pressor test were investigated using a placebo-controlled, single-blind design in 8 patients with essential hypertension (53 +/- 3 years). All patients received a placebo for 2 weeks (placebo run-in period), after which the control group (P; n = 4) continued to receive the placebo, while the experimental group (TCV; n = 4) received TCV-116 at 4 mg/day for 4 weeks (treatment period). After basal measurements were carried out, an arithmetic task and a cold pressor test were conducted on the last day of each period. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and electrocardiogram (ECG) were continuously monitored. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was assessed by determining the burst rate of the mean voltage neurogram obtained from the tibial nerve. Sympathovagal balance was also assessed, by determining the area ratio of the low frequency (LF: 0.05-0.15 Hz) to high frequency bands (HF: 0.16-0.5 Hz) of a power spectral analysis of HR variability (maximum entropy method). During the placebo run-in period, there were no significant differences in basal BP, HR, LF/HF or MSNA between the two groups. During the treatment period, basal mean BP in the TCV group was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that in the P group, but there were no significant differences in basal HR, LF/HF or MSNA between the two groups. Although the arithmetic stress significantly increased BP, HR and LF/HF in both groups, MSNA was not significantly altered in either group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/887/CN-00111887/frame.html										
G. Askari, R. Ghiasvand, Z. Paknahad, J. Karimian, K. Rabiee, G. Sharifirad and A. Feizi	2013	The effects of quercetin supplementation on body composition, exercise performance and muscle damage indices in athletes		International journal of preventive medicine			4		1	21-6						Journal: Article		The effects of quercetin supplementation on body composition, exercise performance and muscle damage indices in athletes														CN-00908836				Background: Flavonoids comprise a large group of plant metabolites, 6,000 of which have been identified to date. Some studies have shown the increased aerobic performance and maximal oxygen consumption (VO<sub>2max</sub>) and therefore fitness following quercetin intake as a result of elevated number of intracellular mitochondria caused by the flavonoid. Methods: This double- blind clinical trial comprised 60 male students having an athletic history of at least 3 years. Body composition, exercise performance, and some blood biomarkers were analyzed. The individuals were selected by convenient sampling, and then were assigned into four groups of equal number by using permuted block randomization. The first to fourth groups received a 500 mg supplemental quercetin capsule plus a 250 mg vitamin C pill, a 500 mg supplemental quercetin capsule plus a 250 mg placebo vitamin C pill, a 500 mg placebo quercetin capsule plus a 250 mg vitamin C pill, and a 500 mg placebo quercetin capsule plus a 250 mg placebo vitamin C pill, respectively, daily for 8 weeks. The participants were asked to continue their routine diet and physical activity during the study and they were monitored through phone calls or text messages. Results: Lean body mass, total body water, basal metabolic rate, and total energy expenditure increased significantly in the quercetin group after intervention. On the other hand, VO<sub>2max</sub> increased in the "quercetin" and "quercetin + vitamin C" groups following the intervention, non significantly. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that supplementation with quercetin in athletes may improve some indices of performance.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/836/CN-00908836/frame.html										
K. Astell, M. Mathai, A. McAinch, C. Stathis and X. Su	2013	A pilot study investigating the effect of Caralluma fimbriata extract on the risk factors of metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese subjects: a randomised controlled clinical trial		Complementary therapies in medicine			21		3	180-9						Randomized Controlled Trial		A pilot study investigating the effect of Caralluma fimbriata extract on the risk factors of metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese subjects: a randomised controlled clinical trial								Pubmed 23642949						CN-00863607				OBJECTIVES: Central obesity is a key component of metabolic syndrome and it is often associated with other risk factors such as dyslipidemia, elevated plasma glucose levels and elevated blood pressure (BP). In this pilot study, the effect of Caralluma fimbriata (an edible succulent) extract in combination with controlled dietary intake and physical activity on these risk factors was assessed in overweight and obese Australian subjects. DESIGN: This was a randomised, double blind placebo controlled clinical trial. Forty-three adults aged 29-59 years were recruited. The eligibility criteria included a Body Mass Index (BMI) >25 kg/m(2), or a waist circumference >94 cm (male), >80 cm (female). Thirty-three participants completed the 12-week study at Victoria University Nutritional Therapy Clinic. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups. C. fimbriata extract and placebo were orally administered as 500 mg capsules twice daily (1 g/day) and dietary intake and exercise were monitored weekly. RESULTS: The results of thirty-three participants (experimental group, n = 17; placebo group n = 16) were analysed. The primary outcome measure was the decline in waist circumference. By week 9, the experimental group had lost 5.7 cm, compared to only 2.8 cm loss in the placebo group (Difference: -2.890; 95% CI; -5.802 to 0.023). Post intervention, the experimental group had lost 6.5 cm compared to 2.6 cm loss in the placebo group (Difference: -3.847; 95% CI; -7.466 to 0.228). Waist to hip ratio (WHR) also improved significantly after 12 weeks intervention in the experimental group, with a total reduction of 0.03 being recorded compared to 0.01 increase in the placebo group (Difference: -0.033; 95% CI; -0.064 to -0.002). There was also a significant decline in the palatability (visual appeal, smell, taste) of the test meal and sodium intake in the experimental group at week 12 (p < 0.05). In addition a significant reduction in body weight, BMI, hip circumference, systolic BP, HR, triglyceride levels, total fat and saturated fat intake within both groups was observed following the intervention period (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Supplementation with C. fimbriata extract whilst controlling overall dietary intake and physical activity may potentially play a role in curbing central obesity, the key component of metabolic syndrome. Controlling dietary intake and exercise improved body weight and favourably influenced the metabolic risk profile.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/607/CN-00863607/frame.html										
M. Atteno, R. Peluso, L. Costa, S. Padula, S. Iervolino, F. Caso, A. Sanduzzi, E. Lubrano, A. Puente and R. Scarpa	2010	Comparison of effectiveness and safety of infliximab, etanercept, and adalimumab in psoriatic arthritis patients who experienced an inadequate response to previous disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs		Clinical rheumatology			29		4	399-403						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Comparison of effectiveness and safety of infliximab, etanercept, and adalimumab in psoriatic arthritis patients who experienced an inadequate response to previous disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs								Pubmed 20066450						CN-00750324				The aim of this study is to compare effectiveness and safety of Infliximab (INF), Etanercept (ETN), and Adalimumab (ADA) in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) with inadequate response to a previous disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD). One hundred consecutive PsA patients with inadequate response to a previous DMARD entered this study. Clinical and laboratory assessment at baseline (T0) and 12 (T12) months were performed and included physical examination, vital signs, global Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI; extension of psoriasis), tender joints count (TJC), swollen joint count, health assessment questionnaire (HAQ; questionnaire for measuring disability), and monitoring of adverse events (AEs). After enrollment, all patients were randomly given INF 5 mg/Kg every 6-8 weeks, ETN 50 mg weekly, or ADA 40 mg every other week. Baseline therapy with DMARD remained unchanged. Effectiveness was defined as percentage of ACR20 responders and as clinical remission and/or minimal disease activity at 12 months treatment. INF, ETN, and ADA all effectively controlled signs and symptoms of PsA. All variables tested showed at T12 for each treatment a significant variation from the baseline value. In particular, patients on INF and ADA showed the greatest improvement in terms of PASI, while patients on ETN showed the greatest improvement on TJC and HAQ. ACR response rates were 72% of patients on ETN, 70% of those on ADA, and 75% of those patients on INF. Occurrence of AEs was reported in 15% of the cases. Only two AEs in patients on INF were considered drug related, pneumonitis and thrombocytopenia, respectively. All tumor necrosis factor-alpha blockers significantly controlled signs and symptoms of PsA. An increased knowledge of the different profiles of these agents may help in optimizing their use.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/324/CN-00750324/frame.html										
J. Austin, R. Maisiak, D. Macrina and L. Heck	1996	Health outcome improvements in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus using two telephone counseling interventions		Arthritis care and research			9		5	391-9						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Health outcome improvements in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus using two telephone counseling interventions								Pubmed 8997929						CN-00135817				OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of two telephone intervention strategies for improving the health outcomes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: Fifty-eight SLE patients were randomly assigned to receive a 6-month telephone counseling intervention using either a treatment counseling (TC) or symptom monitoring (SM) strategy. Health outcomes were assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 (AIMS2). RESULTS: At the 6-month followup, the mean AIMS2 Physical Function scale and AIMS2 Social Support scale scores were significantly improved (P < 0.05) for the TC group compared to the SM groups. The mean FSS score, AIMS2 Affect score, and AIMS2 Pain score were significantly improved (P < 0.05) for both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Telephone interventions, especially using the TC approach, can be effective for improving the functional status of persons with SLE.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/817/CN-00135817/frame.html										
M. Ayabe, P. Brubaker, Y. Mori, H. Kumahara, A. Kiyonaga, H. Tanaka and J. Aoki	2010	Self-monitoring moderate-vigorous physical activity versus steps/day is more effective in chronic disease exercise programs		Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and prevention			30		2	111-5						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Self-monitoring moderate-vigorous physical activity versus steps/day is more effective in chronic disease exercise programs								Pubmed 19952772						CN-00788006				Purpose: The effects of self-monitoring number of steps/day versus minutes of moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA/day) were compared to determine which is more effective for increasing physical activity levels. Methods: A total of 18 participants of a university-based chronic disease prevention program (age 61 +/- 12 years) were enrolled in the 3-week intervention. Subjects were randomly assigned to a group (n = 8) that wore a New Lifestyles accelerometer (NL-1000) and were instructed to increase minutes of MVPA to 30 min/d or more (MIN) or to a group (n = 10) that wore a New Lifestyles pedometer (NL-800) and were instructed to increase the number of steps/day to 10,000 or more (STE). To objectively assess changes in physical activity levels, subjects in both groups simultaneously wore a Lifecorder-EX accelerometer (with display blank) during the intervention. Results: The number of steps increased significantly in the MIN (10,810 +/-3,211 to 13,355 +/- 3,498 steps/day) and STE (11,517 +/- 3,383 to 12,809 +/- 2,479 steps/day) from the first to fourth weeks, respectively. However, the time spent in MVPA increased significantly only in MIN group (36 +/- 11 to 52 +/- 15 min/d) but not in the STE group (32 +/- 7 to 37 +/- 11 min/d) from the first to fourth weeks, respectively. Conclusion: Data suggest that individuals with chronic disease conditions can more effectively increase levels of physical activity, expressed as both MVPA/day and steps/day, by self-monitoring MIN rather than STE. The effect of self-monitoring physical activity levels for longer periods and/or the effect of increasing minutes of MVPA/day versus steps/day on specific health outcomes have not yet been examined.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/006/CN-00788006/frame.html										
G. Ayala, J. Elder, N. Campbell, E. Arredondo, B. Baquero, N. Crespo and D. Slymen	2010	Longitudinal intervention effects on parenting of the Aventuras para Niños study		American journal of preventive medicine			38		2	154-62						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Longitudinal intervention effects on parenting of the Aventuras para Niños study								Pubmed 20117571						CN-00742082				BACKGROUND: Parenting interventions have achieved changes in factors associated with childhood obesity but few have tested the effects on multiple parental influences. PURPOSE: This study examined the efficacy of an intervention aimed at improving several dimensions of parenting related to childhood obesity. DESIGN: The study used a 2 x 2 factorial design. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: In 2003, a sample of 13 Southern California schools was randomized to one of four conditions: micro-environment only, macro-environment only, micro-plus-macro-environment, and no treatment control condition. Participants included 811 predominantly Mexican immigrant/Mexican-American mothers with children in kindergarten through second grade. INTERVENTION: In both micro conditions, participants received monthly home visits by a promotora over a 7-month period plus monthly mailed newsletters. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: In 2008, intervention effects were examined on (1) parenting strategies, including limit setting, monitoring, discipline, control, and reinforcement related to children's diet and physical activity; (2) parental support for physical activity; (3) parent-mediated family behaviors such as family meals eaten together and TV watching during family dinners; and (4) perceived barriers and other parent cognitions related to children's eating and activity. RESULTS: At the 2-year follow-up, significant improvements were observed in three of five parenting strategies, parental support, and two of four parent-mediated family behaviors among parents receiving the micro intervention (i.e., those who received promotora visits and monthly newsletters), as compared with those in the macro-only and control conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Aspects of parenting related to children's risk for obesity and related health outcomes are modifiable with the support of a promotora and print media.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/082/CN-00742082/frame.html										
B. Ayliffe and N. T. Glanville	2010	Achieving healthy body weight in teenagers: evidence-based practice guidelines for community nutrition interventions		Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice & Research			71		4	e78-86						Review		Achieving healthy body weight in teenagers: evidence-based practice guidelines for community nutrition interventions	Can J Diet Pract Res	1486-3847												21144138				An evidence-based review of research on obesity prevention and treatment in youth was conducted to identify successful elements of community nutrition interventions. Guidelines for dietetic practice appropriate to this age group were synthesized. Following a systematic review of English-language research papers published from 1996 to 2009, 63 interventions met inclusion criteria and were graded according to methodological quality, quantity, consistency, and reproducibility. They also were analyzed for common themes and used to develop guideline statements and a practice algorithm. A national panel of experts in community nutrition, public health, adolescent health, academia, and endocrinology assessed the guidelines and the practice algorithm for validity, acceptability, and applicability. Successful prevention strategies are comprehensive, address social and environmental influences, include nutrition education and physical activity, and use schools as a health promotion delivery venue. Computer- or technology-based and peer-modelling strategies are promising, developmentally appropriate approaches. Effective obesity treatment strategies utilize diet plans and behaviour modification techniques, and involve families in intensive, multidisciplinary interventions. Given the distinct needs of this age group, healthy body weight must be promoted through a comprehensive school-based approach. In summary, obesity prevention and treatment interventions should be comprehensive, multidisciplinary, and developmentally appropriate.	Ayliffe, Brenna
Glanville, N Theresa		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21144138http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21144138&id=doi:&issn=1486-3847&volume=71&issue=4&spage=e78&pages=e78-86&date=2010&title=Canadian+Journal+of+Dietetic+Practice+%26+Research&atitle=Achieving+healthy+body+weight+in+teenagers%3A+evidence-based+practice+guidelines+for+community+nutrition+interventions.&aulast=Ayliffe&pid=%3Cauthor%3EAyliffe+B%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21144138%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

D. Bach, F. Böhmer, F. Frühwald and B. Grilc	1993	[Activating ergotherapy--a method for increasing cognitive performance in geriatric patients]		Zeitschrift für Gerontologie			26		6	476-81						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; English Abstract; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		[Activating ergotherapy--a method for increasing cognitive performance in geriatric patients]								Pubmed 8147083						CN-00100221				A study was performed in two groups of multimorbid longterm geriatric inpatients (n = 22 in each group). This compared the effects of re-activating occupational therapy (= study-group) on cognitive functions, subjective well-being, affectivity and social integration. The control group was monitored with a normal program of functional rehabilitation. The assessment of psychometric variables after 12 weeks and after 24 weeks of treatment revealed a significant (p < 0.01) improvement in cognitive functioning and subjective well-being in the study group. These results demonstrate the therapeutic benefit of re-activating occupational therapy in the treatment of cognitive impairment of geriatric patients, which is often aggravated by hospitalization.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/221/CN-00100221/frame.html										
R. Bach and P. Zardini	1992	Long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition: once-daily lisinopril versus twice-daily captopril in mild-to-moderate heart failure		American journal of cardiology			70		10	70c-77c						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition: once-daily lisinopril versus twice-daily captopril in mild-to-moderate heart failure								Pubmed 1329477						CN-00087910				Once-daily lisinopril (5-20 mg) was compared with twice-daily captopril (12.5-50 mg) in a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition conducted in 31 centers for 12 weeks in patients with heart failure (New York Heart Association class II-III) who were currently receiving digitalis and/or diuretics. The drugs were compared with regard to their effects on exercise duration, measured with bicycle ergometry, and on ectopic activity, measured using Holter monitoring. Both drugs significantly increased exercise duration after both 6 and 12 weeks of randomized treatment. Neither ACE inhibitor had any significant impact on the hourly rate of either ventricular ectopic counts or couplets, nor was there any difference between treatments with regard to the proportions of patients in whom ventricular ectopic counts were reduced. Both drugs were well tolerated, with no differences observed between treatments. Potassium, urea, and creatinine levels remained stable for both treatments throughout the study.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/910/CN-00087910/frame.html										
D. Bacharach, T. Hilden, J. Millerhagen, B. Westrum and J. Kelly	1992	Activity-based pacing: comparison of a device using an accelerometer versus a piezoelectric crystal		Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE			15		2	188-96						Clinical Trial; Comment; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Activity-based pacing: comparison of a device using an accelerometer versus a piezoelectric crystal								Pubmed 1372418						CN-00082571				The EXCEL VR, an accelerometer-based pacemaker (AC), and the Legend, a pacemaker utilizing a piezoelectric crystal (PZ), were compared under ergometric conditions and during stair climbing to assess the appropriateness of their rate responses. The pacemakers, programmed to the manufacturers' nominal settings in order to compare different technologically based sensors under identical conditions, were strapped over subjects' left mid-pectoral region. Placement of the devices was randomized to control for positional effects. Ten healthy subjects (55-72 years) completed a graded exercise treadmill test to 80% of maximum predicted heart rate (HR). An additional group of ten subjects (50-66 years) completed exercise protocols involving bicycle ergometry and stair climbing. Throughout all tests, pacemaker pulse rates and subjects' intrinsic HR were monitored continuously. For the treadmill exercise, the average correlations between the AC and PZ pacemakers' pulse rate and HR for the group as a whole were r = 0.92 and r = 0.82, respectively. Individual subject comparisons were also made between each pacemaker rate and intrinsic HR. The mean difference from intrinsic rate was 11 ppm for the AC pacemaker and 24 ppm for the PZ pacemaker. In addition, the PZ pacemaker's maximal pulse rate was significantly lower (105 +/- 9.6 ppm) than the other two rates (AC 137 +/- 6 ppm; intrinsic HR 129 +/- 2 beats/min). Throughout the bicycle ergometry testing, the intrinsic HR was higher than the AC and PZ pacing rates. However, the AC's rate was significantly higher than the PZ's rate. When subjects ascended stairs, the intrinsic HR and AC rate were closely correlated, but the PZ rate was significantly lower.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/571/CN-00082571/frame.html										
M. R. Backhouse, E. M. Hensor, D. White, A. M. Keenan, P. S. Helliwell and A. C. Redmond	2013	Concurrent validation of activity monitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis		Clinical Biomechanics			28		4	473-9					Apr	Controlled Clinical Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Validation Studies		Concurrent validation of activity monitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis	Clin Biomech	1879-1271					PMC3677088							23522723				BACKGROUND: Physical activity is frequently reported in rheumatology but it is difficult to measure objectively outside the gait laboratory. A new generation of activity monitors offers this potential but it has not yet been evaluated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This study aimed to evaluate three types of activity monitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
METHODS: The Step-N-Tune, Activ4Life Pro V3.8, and the Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity activity monitors were tested concurrently in 12 patients with rheumatoid arthritis as well as in a healthy control group of 12 volunteers. Participants walked at a self selected speed for two minutes and were filmed for later review. Temporal and spatial gait parameters were also validated against the GAITRite walkway and the total number of steps recorded by each activity monitor was compared to a gold standard derived from half speed video replays.
FINDINGS: Activity monitor performance varied between devices but all showed poorer performance when used in the group with rheumatoid arthritis. Bland-Altman plots demonstrated wider 95% limits of agreement in the group with rheumatoid arthritis and a systematic decrease in agreement between activity monitors and the gold standard with decreasing functional ability.
INTERPRETATION: Despite some variation between devices, all the activity monitors tested performed reasonably well in healthy young volunteers. All except the Activ4Life showed a marked decrease in performance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, suggesting Activ4Life could be the most suitable for use in this patient group. The marked between group difference in functional ability, and systematic decrease in device performance with deteriorating gait, indicate that activity monitors require specific validation in target clinical populations. Copyright 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Backhouse, Michael R
Hensor, Elizabeth M A
White, Derrick
Keenan, Anne-Maree
Helliwell, Philip S
Redmond, Anthony C
S0268-0033(13)00025-9
17866 (United Kingdom Arthritis Research UK)
PDA/03/07/047 (United Kingdom Department of Health)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medc&AN=23522723http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+Corrections&genre=article&id=pmid:23522723&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.clinbiomech.2013.02.009&issn=0268-0033&volume=28&issue=4&spage=473&pages=473-9&date=2013&title=Clinical+Biomechanics&atitle=Concurrent+validation+of+activity+monitors+in+patients+with+rheumatoid+arthritis.&aulast=Backhouse&pid=%3Cauthor%3EBackhouse+MR%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23522723%3C%2FAN%3E		Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. m.r.backhouse@leeds.ac.uk						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. Backhouse, E. Hensor, D. White, A. Keenan, P. Helliwell and A. Redmond	2014	Concurrent validation of activity monitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis		Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon)			28		4	473-9						Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Validation Studies		Concurrent validation of activity monitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis								Pubmed 23522723						CN-00983430				BACKGROUND: Physical activity is frequently reported in rheumatology but it is difficult to measure objectively outside the gait laboratory. A new generation of activity monitors offers this potential but it has not yet been evaluated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This study aimed to evaluate three types of activity monitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS: The Step-N-Tune, Activ4Life Pro V3.8, and the Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity activity monitors were tested concurrently in 12 patients with rheumatoid arthritis as well as in a healthy control group of 12 volunteers. Participants walked at a self selected speed for two minutes and were filmed for later review. Temporal and spatial gait parameters were also validated against the GAITRite walkway and the total number of steps recorded by each activity monitor was compared to a gold standard derived from half speed video replays. FINDINGS: Activity monitor performance varied between devices but all showed poorer performance when used in the group with rheumatoid arthritis. Bland-Altman plots demonstrated wider 95% limits of agreement in the group with rheumatoid arthritis and a systematic decrease in agreement between activity monitors and the gold standard with decreasing functional ability. INTERPRETATION: Despite some variation between devices, all the activity monitors tested performed reasonably well in healthy young volunteers. All except the Activ4Life showed a marked decrease in performance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, suggesting Activ4Life could be the most suitable for use in this patient group. The marked between group difference in functional ability, and systematic decrease in device performance with deteriorating gait, indicate that activity monitors require specific validation in target clinical populations.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/430/CN-00983430/frame.html										
M. Baghianimoghadam, M. Hadavandkhani, M. Mohammadi, H. Fallahzade and B. Baghianimoghadam	2012	Current education versus peer-education on walking in type 2 diabetic patients based on Health Belief Model: a randomized control trial study		Romanian journal of internal medicine = Revue roumaine de médecine interne			50		2	165-72						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Current education versus peer-education on walking in type 2 diabetic patients based on Health Belief Model: a randomized control trial study								Pubmed 23326961						CN-00840043				UNLABELLED: Diabetes is a disease with several metabolic and organic symptoms. Physical activity plays a key role in controlling type 2 diabetes. Several researches confirm that educational strategies can lead to healthy behaviors and its continuation is effective and can indicate what type of relationship with the client is better. The purpose of this study is comparing the Effect of Current Education and Peer-Education on Walking in Type 2 Diabetic Patients based on Health Belief Model (HBM). METHODS: This was a clinical trial (RCT) study done on 80 people with type 2 diabetes. Patients were divided into two groups, Current education and Peer education groups. Data were collected using a questionnaire based on the health belief model, a checklist related to patients' practice and recording patients' HbA1c, 2HPP and FBS levels. Results were documented before and three months after intervention. The patients participated in 2 educational classes during three months of intervention, as the follow-up of the intervention. RESULTS: Mean scores for HBM Model variables, i.e. perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit and self-efficacy, were significantly increased in the peer education group compared to current education group after intervention. Also, behavioral walking, rates of HbA1c and FBS and 2HPP levels were improved significantly among the peer education group. DISCUSSION: Applying walking training program developed for diabetic patients and its implementation by the peers in order to control blood sugar using the health belief model is very useful and effective. During implementation of these control programs, monitoring and follow-up training is recommended.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/043/CN-00840043/frame.html										
D. Bailey, S. Erith, P. Griffin, A. Dowson, D. Brewer, N. Gant and C. Williams	2007	Influence of cold-water immersion on indices of muscle damage following prolonged intermittent shuttle running		Journal of sports sciences			25		11	1163-70						Randomized Controlled Trial		Influence of cold-water immersion on indices of muscle damage following prolonged intermittent shuttle running								Pubmed 17654228						CN-00610829				The aim of this study was to assess the effects of cold-water immersion (cryotherapy) on indices of muscle damage following a bout of prolonged intermittent exercise. Twenty males (mean age 22.3 years, s = 3.3; height 1.80 m, s = 0.05; body mass 83.7 kg, s = 11.9) completed a 90-min intermittent shuttle run previously shown to result in marked muscle damage and soreness. After exercise, participants were randomly assigned to either 10 min cold-water immersion (mean 10 degrees C, s = 0.5) or a non-immersion control group. Ratings of perceived soreness, changes in muscular function and efflux of intracellular proteins were monitored before exercise, during treatment, and at regular intervals up to 7 days post-exercise. Exercise resulted in severe muscle soreness, temporary muscular dysfunction, and elevated serum markers of muscle damage, all peaking within 48 h after exercise. Cryotherapy administered immediately after exercise reduced muscle soreness at 1, 24, and 48 h (P < 0.05). Decrements in isometric maximal voluntary contraction of the knee flexors were reduced after cryotherapy treatment at 24 (mean 12%, s(x) = 4) and 48 h (mean 3%, s(x) = 3) compared with the control group (mean 21%, s(x) = 5 and mean 14%, s(x) = 5 respectively; P < 0.05). Exercise-induced increases in serum myoglobin concentration and creatine kinase activity peaked at 1 and 24 h, respectively (P < 0.05). Cryotherapy had no effect on the creatine kinase response, but reduced myoglobin 1 h after exercise (P < 0.05). The results suggest that cold-water immersion immediately after prolonged intermittent shuttle running reduces some indices of exercise-induced muscle damage.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/829/CN-00610829/frame.html										
T. Baranowski, J. C. Baranowski, K. B. Watson, R. Jago, N. Islam, A. Beltran, S. J. Martin, N. Nguyen and B. J. Tepper	2011	6-n-propylthiouracil taster status not related to reported cruciferous vegetable intake among ethnically diverse children		Nutrition Research			31		8	594-600					Aug	Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		6-n-propylthiouracil taster status not related to reported cruciferous vegetable intake among ethnically diverse children	Nutr Res	1879-0739					NIHMS317517
PMC3177100							21925344				Sensitivity to the taste of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) (a bitter chemical related to the phenylthiocarbamide found in cruciferous vegetables) has been related to dietary intake or preferences of cruciferous vegetables among adults and young children but not middle-aged children or adolescents. We hypothesized that PROP taste sensitivity is related to lower reported dietary intake of cruciferous vegetables, primarily among younger children (ie, a moderating effect of child age). This study examined the relationship of PROP sensitivity to reported dietary intake across 3 days in 2 age groups of youth (9-10 and 17-18 years) while statistically controlling for physical activity, social desirability, and reporting bias. Cross-sectional design was used with a multiethnic (white, African American, Hispanic, etc) sample of 843 men and women. Children were recruited from and data were collected in local elementary and high schools that had at least 30% ethnic minority enrollment. Children providing nonplausible reports of dietary intake were deleted from the analyses. Body mass index was calculated and expressed in z scores. Energy intake and physical activity were measured by 3 telephone-conducted 24-hour dietary recalls with the Nutrient Data System for Research and 5 days of Actigraph (ActiGraph, Shalimar, Florida) activity monitor. The primary analyses included 347 students. 6-n-Propylthiouracil sensitivity was not related to intake of cruciferous vegetables. Intakes of the cruciferous vegetables were low, which may explain the lack of relationship. Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Baranowski, Tom
Baranowski, Janice C
Watson, Kathleen B
Jago, Russell
Islam, Noemi
Beltran, Alicia
Martin, Shelby J
Nguyen, Nga
Tepper, Beverly J
CA116766 (United States NCI NIH HHS)
R01 CA116766-04 (United States NCI NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21925344http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21925344&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.nutres.2011.07.004&issn=0271-5317&volume=31&issue=8&spage=594&pages=594-600&date=2011&title=Nutrition+Research&atitle=6-n-propylthiouracil+taster+status+not+related+to+reported+cruciferous+vegetable+intake+among+ethnically+diverse+children.&aulast=Baranowski&pid=%3Cauthor%3EBaranowski+T%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21925344%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. tbaranow@bcm.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

T. Baranowski, D. Abdelsamad, J. Baranowski, T. O'Connor, D. Thompson, A. Barnett, E. Cerin and T. Chen	2012	Impact of an active video game on healthy children's physical activity		Pediatrics			129		3	e636-42						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Impact of an active video game on healthy children's physical activity								Pubmed 22371457						CN-00842622				OBJECTIVE: This naturalistic study tests whether children receiving a new (to them) active video game spontaneously engage in more physical activity than those receiving an inactive video game, and whether the effect would be greater among children in unsafe neighborhoods, who might not be allowed to play outside. METHODS: Participants were children 9 to 12 years of age, with a BMI >50th percentile, but <99th percentile; none of these children a medical condition that would preclude physical activity or playing video games. A randomized clinical trial assigned children to receiving 2 active or 2 inactive video games, the peripherals necessary to run the games, and a Wii console. Physical activity was monitored by using accelerometers for 5 weeks over the course of a 13-week experiment. Neighborhood safety was assessed with a 12 item validated questionnaire. RESULTS: There was no evidence that children receiving the active video games were more active in general, or at anytime, than children receiving the inactive video games. The outcomes were not moderated by parent perceived neighborhood safety, child BMI z score, or other demographic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide no reason to believe that simply acquiring an active video game under naturalistic circumstances provides a public health benefit to children.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/622/CN-00842622/frame.html										
M. Barbour, C. Garber, K. Agarwal, R. Malhotra and G. Heller	1992	Effect of dipyridamole therapy on myocardial ischemia in patients with stable angina pectoris receiving concurrent anti-ischemic therapy		American journal of cardiology			69		5	449-52						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effect of dipyridamole therapy on myocardial ischemia in patients with stable angina pectoris receiving concurrent anti-ischemic therapy								Pubmed 1736604						CN-00081458				The effects of oral dipyridamole on exercise performance and anginal symptoms were evaluated in 15 men with stable angina pectoris. In a double-blind, randomized, crossover design, patients received 75 mg of dipyridamole or placebo every 8 hours for 2 weeks in addition to their previously prescribed cardiac medications. Graded exercise tolerance testing was performed twice before randomization, at the end of each treatment period, and after single-blind placebo washout. When compared with baseline tests, the time to onset of 0.1 mV ST-segment depression was similar between dipyridamole and placebo treatments (316 +/- 89 vs 345 +/- 102 seconds, respectively, p = not significant). No significant differences existed between treatments in the peak systolic blood pressure-heart rate product or in the duration of exercise. Angina pectoris occurred during all 3 baseline exercise tests in 7 of the 15 subjects; the time to onset of angina was unchanged by either treatment. Analysis of symptom diaries conducted in 13 patients revealed no significant alteration in reported anginal symptoms during dipyridamole treatment compared with placebo treatment (0.6 +/- 0.9 vs 0.3 +/- 0.4 episodes per week). Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in 12 patients revealed few episodes of ischemia during daily activities with no alteration in frequency of episodes during treatment periods. Plasma concentrations of dipyridamole did not correspond with the outcomes of exercise testing. It is concluded that chronic oral dipyridamole therapy given in its usual clinical dose does not adversely affect exercise performance, daily anginal episodes or ambulatory ischemia in patients receiving concurrent anti-ischemic medication.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/458/CN-00081458/frame.html										
F. Baria, M. A. Kamimura, C. M. Avesani, B. Lindholm, P. Stenvinkel, S. A. Draibe and L. Cuppari	2011	Activity-related energy expenditure of patients undergoing hemodialysis		Journal of Renal Nutrition			21		3	226-34					May	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Activity-related energy expenditure of patients undergoing hemodialysis	J Ren Nutr	1532-8503												21055966				OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity-related energy expenditure (AEE) of patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) and to compare it with that of healthy controls.
DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study.
SETTING: This was an in-center study conducted at the Dialysis Unit, Nephrology Division, Federal University of Sao Paulo-Oswaldo Ramos Foundation, Brazil.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: AEE was evaluated in 32 patients undergoing HD (20 men, aged: 46.3 + 12.2 years). A subgroup consisting of 22 patients was pair-matched by gender and age with 22 sedentary, healthy individuals. AEE was measured over a period of 5 days using a portable physical activity monitor. Body fat and lean body mass were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and body cell mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis.
RESULTS: AEE correlated positively with lean body mass and body cell mass, and negatively with age, body fat, and body mass index. From the multiple regression analysis, it was found that age and lean body mass (r(2) = 0.32) or body cell mass (r(2) = 0.30) were the best among the variables that explained variations in AEE. AEE of HD patients in comparison with healthy controls was found to be lower on dialysis days (234 [9.5 to 1,145] kcal/day vs. 565 [214 to 1,319] kcal/day, median [range]; P < .01) as well as on nondialysis days (369 [89.5 to 1,242] kcal/day vs. 565 [214 to 1,319] kcal/day; P = .02). Total energy expenditure of the HD patients on dialysis days (2,051 + 289 kcal/day) as well as nondialysis days (2,202 + 283 kcal/day) was also found to be lower in comparison with controls (2,514 + 307 kcal/day; P < .01). The average contribution of the AEE toward total energy expenditure in HD patients was 15%, whereas in controls it was 24% (P = .03).
CONCLUSION: As compared with sedentary, healthy individuals, AEE was reported to be considerably lower in HD patients. Copyright 2011 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Baria, Flavia
Kamimura, Maria Ayako
Avesani, Carla Maria
Lindholm, Bengt
Stenvinkel, Peter
Draibe, Sergio Antonio
Cuppari, Lilian		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21055966http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21055966&id=doi:10.1053%2Fj.jrn.2010.06.022&issn=1051-2276&volume=21&issue=3&spage=226&pages=226-34&date=2011&title=Journal+of+Renal+Nutrition&atitle=Activity-related+energy+expenditure+of+patients+undergoing+hemodialysis.&aulast=Baria&pid=%3Cauthor%3EBaria+F%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21055966%3C%2FAN%3E		Nutrition Program, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

R. Barker, S. Brauer and R. Carson	2009	Training-induced changes in the pattern of triceps to biceps activation during reaching tasks after chronic and severe stroke		Experimental brain research			196		4	483-96						Randomized Controlled Trial		Training-induced changes in the pattern of triceps to biceps activation during reaching tasks after chronic and severe stroke								Pubmed 19504088						CN-00719229				This exploratory study was undertaken to investigate the mechanisms that contributed to improvements in upper limb function following a novel training program. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to examine training-induced changes in the pattern of triceps and biceps activation during reaching tasks in stroke survivors with severe paresis in the chronic stage of recovery. The EMG data were obtained in the context of a single blind randomised clinical trial conducted with 42 stroke survivors with minimal upper limb muscle activity and who were more than 6 months post-stroke. Of the 33 participants who completed the study, 10 received training of reaching using a non-robotic upper limb training device, the SMART Arm, with EMG triggered functional electrical stimulation (EMG-stim), 13 received training of reaching using the SMART Arm alone, and 10 received no intervention. Each intervention group engaged in 12 1-h training sessions over a 4-week period. Clinical and laboratory measures of upper limb function were administered prior to training (0 weeks), at completion (4 weeks) and 2 months (12 weeks) after training. The primary outcome measure was 'upper arm function' which is Item 6 of the Motor Assessment Scale (MAS). Laboratory measures consisted of two multijoint reaching tasks to assess 'maximum isometric force' and 'maximum distance reached'. Surface EMG was used to monitor triceps brachii and biceps brachii during the two reaching tasks. To provide a comparison with normal values, seven healthy adults were tested on one of the reaching tasks according to the same procedure. Study findings demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in upper limb function for stroke participants in the two training groups compared to those who received no training however no difference was found between the two training groups. For the reaching tasks, all stroke participants, when compared to normal healthy adults, exhibited lower triceps and biceps activation and a lower ratio of triceps to biceps activation. Following training, stroke participants demonstrated increased triceps activation and an increased ratio of triceps to biceps activation for the task that was trained. Better performance was associated with greater triceps activation and a higher ratio of triceps to biceps activation. The findings suggest that increased activation of triceps as an agonist and an improved coordination between triceps and biceps could have mediated the observed changes in arm function. The changes in EMG activity were small relative to the changes in arm function indicating that factors, such as the contribution of other muscles of reaching, may also be implicated.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/229/CN-00719229/frame.html										
P. Barlas, D. Walsh, G. Baxter and J. Allen	2000	Delayed onset muscle soreness: effect of an ischaemic block upon mechanical allodynia in humans		Pain			87		2	221-5						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Delayed onset muscle soreness: effect of an ischaemic block upon mechanical allodynia in humans								Pubmed 10924815						CN-00298754				The current study, for which ethical approval was obtained, was designed to assess the extent to which the tenderness or mechanical allodynia observed in delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) might be mediated by large diameter myelinated nerve fibres. Healthy human volunteers were recruited and randomly allocated to one of three groups: Normal-Control, Ischaemic-Control, and Test-DOMS (total n=21; n=7 in each group). In the Normal-Control group, subjects attended on a single occasion for assessment of mechanical pain threshold (MPT) at standardized sites over the biceps brachii using a pressure algometer for a period of 20 min. In both remaining groups, ischaemia was induced in subjects' non-dominant upper limbs by elevation of the limb, followed by application of a sphygmomanometer cuff at a pressure of 250 mmHg. Throughout the period of the block (20-40 min), sharp/blunt sensation was assessed at regular intervals. MPT was assessed upon inflation of the cuff and reassessed at 10 min intervals until deflation. In the two ischaemic block groups, current level of pain was also monitored using a computerized visual analogue scale (VAS) at the beginning and end of the procedure. Subjects in the Test-DOMS group attended 48 h prior to ischaemic block for induction of DOMS using a standardized regime of eccentric exercise, but thereafter were treated in exactly the same manner as the Ischaemic-Control group. Results showed a significant (P<0.05; ANOVA) increase in MPT in the Test-DOMS group by the 20 min point, corresponding to a 'normalization' of MPT; loss of the ability to distinguish between sharp/blunt sensation accompanied such changes. Parallel increases in reported pain were seen in both groups undergoing ischaemic block, indicating that the procedure did not alter nociception. While not definitive, these results suggest that altered processing of activity in large diameter (myelinated) afferents might underlie the mechanical allodynia observed in DOMS; thus, this is an area which warrants further investigation.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/754/CN-00298754/frame.html										
C. Barrios, M. Hadala, I. Almansa, F. Bosch-Morell, J. Palanca and F. Romero	2011	Metabolic muscle damage and oxidative stress markers in an America's Cup yachting crew		European journal of applied physiology			111		7	1341-50						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Metabolic muscle damage and oxidative stress markers in an America's Cup yachting crew								Pubmed 21153417						CN-00802201				Activities of enzymes involved in muscle damage [creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)] and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker of oxidative stress were monitored in the plasma of 27 members of an America's Cup yachting crew. The preventive benefits of allopurinol on muscle damage were also tested. In racing period A, the crew was divided into two groups according to their tasks on board. Blood samples from all 27 sailors were obtained before the start of a 5-day fleet race, after the last race, and after the ten match races. In period B, crew members were divided at random into two groups. One group (13 participants) received 300 mg/day of allopurinol 3 h before racing. The other ten members received placebo. Blood samples were collected just before and after the second round of the Louis Vuitton Cup. All participants showed increased CK and AST activities after the racing period A. The increase in CK activity was highest in sailors involved in strenuous physical work. At the end of period A, plasma MDA levels were higher in all participants as compared with non-participant athletes. In period B, a significant decrease in CK activity, but not in AST, appeared among participants receiving allopurinol. Plasma MDA decreased in sailors treated with allopurinol, but this reduction did not reach statistical significance. America's Cup is a sailing sport with high physical demands, as shown by the increase in muscle-damage markers. Treatment with allopurinol appeared to decrease the levels of muscle damage markers.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/201/CN-00802201/frame.html										
R. Barroso, C. Silva-Batista, V. Tricoli, H. Roschel and C. Ugrinowitsch	2013	The effects of different intensities and durations of the general warm-up on leg press 1RM		Journal of strength and conditioning research			27		4	1009-13						Journal: Article		The effects of different intensities and durations of the general warm-up on leg press 1RM								Pubmed 22692116						CN-00960768				The precision of maximum strength assessments (1 repetition maximum; 1RM) is important to evaluate the functional capacity and to prescribe and monitor the training load. Several factors can affect the precision of 1RM tests, including the warm-up procedure. General and specific warm-up routines are recommended to enhance performance. The effects of a specific warm-up have already been acknowledged in improving performance. However, the effects of a general warm-up (GWU) are unclear but seem to depend on its ability to increase muscle temperature while avoiding fatigue. Furthermore, temperature elevation is dependent on both the duration and the intensity of the activity, which may eventually affect 1RM performance. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different intensities and durations of GWU on 1RM performance. Sixteen strength-trained men were tested for 1RM leg press after 4 GWU conditions after specific warm-up: short duration and low intensity (SDLI; i.e., 5 minutes at 40% V[Combining Dot Above]O2max), long duration and low intensity (LDLI; i.e., 15 minutes at 40% V[Combining Dot Above]O2max), short duration and moderate intensity (SDMI; i.e., 5 minutes at 70% V[Combining Dot Above]O2max), long duration and moderate intensity (LDMI; i.e., 15 minutes at 70% V[Combining Dot Above]O2max), and the control (CTRL) no-GWU condition. Leg press 1RM values were higher (on average 3%) when subjects performed LDLI (367.8 ± 70.1 kg; p = 0.01), compared with the other 4 conditions. After the LDMI condition, 1RM values were lower (on average -4%) than in the other 4 conditions (345.6 ± 70.5 kg; p = 0.01). There were no differences between SDMI, SDLI, and CTRL (359.4 ± 69.2 kg, 359.1 ± 69.3 kg, and 359.4 ± 70.4 kg, respectively; p = 0.99). According to our results, long-duration low-intensity general warm-up seems be appropriately to improve 1RM performance in strength-trained individuals.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/768/CN-00960768/frame.html										
W. Barroso, P. Jardim, P. Vitorino, A. Bittencourt and F. Miquetichuc	2008	[The influence of programmed physical activity on blood pressure of hypertensive elderly patients on non-pharmacological treatment]		Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira (1992)			54		4	328-33						Comparative Study; English Abstract; Randomized Controlled Trial		[The influence of programmed physical activity on blood pressure of hypertensive elderly patients on non-pharmacological treatment]								Pubmed 18719791						CN-00706027				OBJECTIVE: Assess the influence of physical activity on the blood pressure of hypertensive elderly patients on non-pharmacological treatment (NPT). METHODS: The authors studied men and women, over 60 years, with stage I hypertension who were not using antihypertensive medication. These patients had been randomly allocated to one of two groups: Control Group (CG) - oriented to NPT; and Study Group (SG) - NPT and a program that included supervised physical activity consisting of 1-hour sessions, 3 times a week. Duration of the study was 6 months. Screening and follow-up tests every 3 months, at Visits 1, 2 and 3 included a clinical evaluation, ECG, a treadmill stress test, Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement (ABPM) and an Echocardiogram. The authors used the Friedman test for the evolutionary analysis of the intra-groups means and Student's t test to compare independent data between groups. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients were randomized in the SG (5 men) and 21 in the CG (4 men). The 6-month follow-up period was completed by 22 patients in the SG and 13 in the CG. Blood pressures found by the ABPM in V1, V2 and V3 were 134.2 +/-14.5, 136.1 +/-9 and 143.7+/-13.9 mmHg for Systolic Blood Pressure in the CG; and 135.6 +/-11.4, 138.7 +/-12.2 and 133.9 +/-8.5 mmHg in the SG. For Diastolic Blood Pressure, values in the CG were 78.7+/-5.8, 82.3+/-6.2 and 83.3 +/-9.2 mmHg; and in the SG, 80.1 +/-6.8, 81+/-6.6 and 80.8 +/-7.3 mmHg. CONCLUSION: Programmed and supervised physical activity was more efficient for maintaining adequate blood pressure control in these elderly with stage I hypertension in the study group, when compared to the control group.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/027/CN-00706027/frame.html										
V. Barry, A. McClain, S. Shuger, X. Sui, J. Hardin, G. Hand, S. Wilcox and S. Blair	2011	Using a technology-based intervention to promote weight loss in sedentary overweight or obese adults: A randomized controlled trial study design		Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy			4			67-77						Journal: Article		Using a technology-based intervention to promote weight loss in sedentary overweight or obese adults: A randomized controlled trial study design														CN-00887990				Purpose: The SenseWear Armband is an activity monitor developed to improve lifestyle self-monitoring. Currently, few studies assess electronic self-monitoring and weight loss with a lifestyle intervention program. To our knowledge, only one study has used the SenseWear Armband in combination with a lifestyle intervention to improve weight loss, and no studies have evaluated whether a self-monitoring intervention based solely on the armband can promote weight loss. Consequently, the aims of the study were to assess weight loss from electronic self-monitoring, to compare these values to the lifestyle intervention and standard care groups, and to compare weight loss with lifestyle intervention with and without the armband. Patients and methods: We recruited 197 sedentary overweight or obese adults (age, 46.8 + 10.8 years; BMI, 33.3 + 5.2 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) to participate in the 9-month study. Participants were randomized into one of four weight loss groups: 1) the standard care group received a selfdirected weight loss program, complete with an evidence-based weight loss manual (standard care, n = 50); 2) a 14-week group-based behavioral weight loss program followed by weekly, biweekly, and monthly telephone counseling calls (GWL, n = 49); 3) the use of the armband to help improve lifestyle self-monitoring (SWA alone, n = 49); or (4) the group-based behavioral weight loss program and follow-up telephone counseling calls plus the armband (GWL + SWA, n = 49). All participants received the evidence-based weight loss manual at baseline. All measures were performed at baseline and months 4 and 9. The primary outcomes were weight loss and waist circumference reduction. Results: This study is a well-designed randomized controlled study powered to detect a 0.5-kg weight loss and 0.6-cm waist circumference reduction in overweight and obese sedentary adults. Conclusion: Innovative technologies are providing lifestyle self-monitoring and weight loss tools. Utilizing these technologies may be an important step in improving the current obesity epidemic. 2011 Sibal et al.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/990/CN-00887990/frame.html										
J. Bartfield, V. Stevens, G. Jerome, B. Batch, B. Kennedy, W. Vollmer, D. Harsha, L. Appel, R. Desmond and J. Ard	2011	Behavioral transitions and weight change patterns within the PREMIER trial		Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)			19		8	1609-15						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Behavioral transitions and weight change patterns within the PREMIER trial								Pubmed 21455122						CN-00812180				Little is known about the transition in behaviors from short-term weight loss to maintenance of weight loss. We wanted to determine how short-term and long-term weight loss and patterns of weight change were associated with intervention behavioral targets. This analysis includes overweight/obese participants in active treatment (n = 507) from the previously published PREMIER trial, an 18-month, multicomponent lifestyle intervention for blood pressure reduction, including 33 intervention sessions and recommendations to self-monitor food intake and physical activity daily. Associations between behaviors (attendance, recorded days/week of physical activity, food records/week) and weight loss of ?5% at 6 and 18 months were examined using logistic regression. We characterized the sample using 5 weight change categories (weight gained, weight stable, weight loss then relapse, late weight loss, and weight loss then maintenance) and analyzed adherence to the behaviors for each category, comparing means with ANOVA. Participants lost an average of 5.3 ± 5.6 kg at 6 months and 4.0 ± 6.7 kg (4.96% of body weight) by 18 months. Higher levels of attendance, food record completion, and recorded days/week of physical activity were associated with increasing odds of achieving 5% weight loss. All weight change groups had declines in the behaviors over time; however, compared to the other four groups, the weight loss/maintenance group (n = 154) had statistically less significant decline in number of food records/week (48%), recorded days/week of physical activity (41.7%), and intervention sessions attended (12.8%) through 18 months. Behaviors associated with short-term weight loss continue to be associated with long-term weight loss, albeit at lower frequencies. Minimizing the decline in these behaviors may be important in achieving long-term weight loss.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/180/CN-00812180/frame.html										
C. Bartl, D. Stengel, T. Bruckner, I. Rossion, S. Luntz, C. Seiler and F. Gebhard	2011	Open reduction and internal fixation versus casting for highly comminuted and intra-articular fractures of the distal radius (ORCHID): protocol for a randomized clinical multi-center trial		Trials			12			84						Comparative Study; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Open reduction and internal fixation versus casting for highly comminuted and intra-articular fractures of the distal radius (ORCHID): protocol for a randomized clinical multi-center trial								Pubmed 21426543						CN-00786331				BACKGROUND: Fractures of the distal radius represent the most common fracture in elderly patients, and often indicate the onset of symptomatic osteoporosis. A variety of treatment options is available, including closed reduction and plaster casting, K-wire-stabilization, external fixation and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with volar locked plating. The latter is widely promoted by clinicians and hardware manufacturers. Closed reduction and cast stabilization for six weeks is a simple, convenient, and ubiquitously available intervention. In contrast, ORIF requires hospitalization, but allows for functional rehabilitation.Given the lack of randomized controlled trials, it remains unclear whether ORIF leads to better functional outcomes one year after injury than closed reduction and casting. METHODS/DESIGN: ORCHID (Open reduction and internal fixation versus casting for highly comminuted intra-articular fractures of the distal radius) is a pragmatic, randomized, multi-center, clinical trial with two parallel treatment arms. It is planned to include 504 patients in 15 participating centers throughout Germany over a three-year period. Patients are allocated by a central web-based randomization tool.The primary objective is to determine differences in the Short Form 36 (SF-36) Physical Component Score (PCS) between volar locked plating and closed reduction and casting of intraarticular, comminuted distal radius fractures in patients > 65 years of age one year after the fracture. Secondary outcomes include differences in other SF-36 dimensions, the EuroQol-5D questionnaire, the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) instrument. Also, the range of motion in the affected wrist, activities of daily living, complications (including secondary ORIF and revision surgery), as well as serious adverse events will be assessed. Data obtained during the trial will be used for later health-economic evaluations. The trial architecture involves a central statistical unit, an independent monitoring institute, and a data safety monitoring board. Following approval by the institutional review boards of all participating centers, conduct and reporting will strictly adhere to national and international rules, regulations, and recommendations (e.g., Good Clinical Practice, data safety laws, and EQUATOR/CONSORT proposals). DISCUSSION: To our knowledge, ORCHID is the first multicenter RCT designed to assess quality of life and functional outcomes following operative treatment compared to conservative treatment of complex, intra-articular fractures of the distal radius in elderly patients. The results are expected to influence future treatment recommendations and policies on an international level. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN: ISRCTN76120052 Registration date: 31.07.2008; Randomization of first patient: 15.09.2008.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/331/CN-00786331/frame.html										
Y. Barzilay, S. Noam, L. Meir, A. Gail, B. Amit, I. Michal, A. R. Vaccaro and K. Leon	2011	Assessing the outcomes of spine surgery using global positioning systems.[Erratum appears in Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011 Jul 15;36(16):1331 Note: Yair, Barzilay [corrected to Barzilay, Yair]]		Spine			36		4	E263-7					Feb 15	Case Reports
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Assessing the outcomes of spine surgery using global positioning systems.[Erratum appears in Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011 Jul 15;36(16):1331 Note: Yair, Barzilay [corrected to Barzilay, Yair]]	Spine	1528-1159												20838367				STUDY DESIGN: Pilot study.
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether surgical outcomes can be assessed objectively by advanced tracking technology, based on Global Positioning Systems (GPS).
SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Outcome studies are the commonest way to assess the results of surgical procedures. The success of these efforts is impeded by a number of factors, including the lack of valid outcome measures, difficulty in assessing changes in patients' expectations (response shift) and confounding effects of secondary gains.
METHODS: The measurement of walking speed, distances, and number of walking events per day, claudication index (maximal walking distance), characteristics during motorized trips, and the amount of time spent outdoors were monitored in 2 patients undergoing spine surgery for several weeks using advanced tracking technologies.
RESULTS: In 1 patient, all parameters increased progressively from the time of surgery to the end of the recording period. These findings were consistent with her recovery from surgery. In a second patient, tracking showed the patient's difficulty in mobilizing, leading to the diagnosis of another orthopedic problem, and to total hip replacement surgery.
CONCLUSION: The technology presented in this pilot appears to be useful in understanding a patient's level and breathe of activity. These data will assist in better understanding the limitations imposed by specific musculoskeletal pathology and in monitoring perioperative function and complications and their related causes. Spatial data may indirectly reflect a patient's social and mental conditions. This interdisciplinary pilot may lead to the development of valid outcome measures for a range of medical conditions. Studies comparing questionnaires to this new outcome measure may shed light on issues like response shifts and secondary gain. Norms and clusters of spatial behaviors in different pathologies may enable better patient selection for medical, mental, and surgical interventions.	Barzilay, Yair
Noam, Shoval
Meir, Liebergall
Gail, Auslander
Amit, Birenboim
Michal, Isaacson
Vaccaro, Alexander R
Leon, Kaplan
Comment in: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011 Nov 15;36(24):2101; author reply 1201-2; PMID: 21912310		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=20838367http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:20838367&id=doi:10.1097%2FBRS.0b013e3181da3737&issn=0362-2436&volume=36&issue=4&spage=E263&pages=E263-7&date=2011&title=Spine&atitle=Assessing+the+outcomes+of+spine+surgery+using+global+positioning+systems.&aulast=Barzilay&pid=%3Cauthor%3EBarzilay+Y%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E20838367%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. dbar@hadassah.org.il						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. Basaria, A. Coviello, T. Travison, T. Storer, W. Farwell, A. Jette, R. Eder, S. Tennstedt, J. Ulloor, A. Zhang, K. Choong, K. Lakshman, N. Mazer, R. Miciek, J. Krasnoff, A. Elmi, P. Knapp, B. Brooks, E. Appleman, S. Aggarwal, G. Bhasin, L. Hede-Brierley, A. Bhatia, L. Collins, N. LeBrasseur, L. Fiore and S. Bhasin	2010	Adverse events associated with testosterone administration		New England journal of medicine			363		2	109-22						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Adverse events associated with testosterone administration								Pubmed 20592293						CN-00749356				BACKGROUND: Testosterone supplementation has been shown to increase muscle mass and strength in healthy older men. The safety and efficacy of testosterone treatment in older men who have limitations in mobility have not been studied. METHODS: Community-dwelling men, 65 years of age or older, with limitations in mobility and a total serum testosterone level of 100 to 350 ng per deciliter (3.5 to 12.1 nmol per liter) or a free serum testosterone level of less than 50 pg per milliliter (173 pmol per liter) were randomly assigned to receive placebo gel or testosterone gel, to be applied daily for 6 months. Adverse events were categorized with the use of the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities classification. The data and safety monitoring board recommended that the trial be discontinued early because there was a significantly higher rate of adverse cardiovascular events in the testosterone group than in the placebo group. RESULTS: A total of 209 men (mean age, 74 years) were enrolled at the time the trial was terminated. At baseline, there was a high prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and obesity among the participants. During the course of the study, the testosterone group had higher rates of cardiac, respiratory, and dermatologic events than did the placebo group. A total of 23 subjects in the testosterone group, as compared with 5 in the placebo group, had cardiovascular-related adverse events. The relative risk of a cardiovascular-related adverse event remained constant throughout the 6-month treatment period. As compared with the placebo group, the testosterone group had significantly greater improvements in leg-press and chest-press strength and in stair climbing while carrying a load. CONCLUSIONS: In this population of older men with limitations in mobility and a high prevalence of chronic disease, the application of a testosterone gel was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular adverse events. The small size of the trial and the unique population prevent broader inferences from being made about the safety of testosterone therapy. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00240981.)			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/356/CN-00749356/frame.html										
L. Basse, D. Jakobsen, L. Bardram, P. Billesbølle, C. Lund, T. Mogensen, J. Rosenberg and H. Kehlet	2005	Functional recovery after open versus laparoscopic colonic resection: a randomized, blinded study		Annals of surgery			241		3	416-23						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Functional recovery after open versus laparoscopic colonic resection: a randomized, blinded study								Pubmed 15729063						CN-00505242				BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic colonic surgery has been claimed to hasten recovery and reduce hospital stay compared with open operation. Recently, enforced multimodal rehabilitation (fast-track surgery) has improved recovery and reduced hospital stay in both laparoscopic and open colonic surgery. Since no comparative data between laparoscopic and open colonic resection with multimodal rehabilitation are available, the value of laparoscopy per se is unknown. METHODS: In a randomized, observer-and-patient, blinded trial, 60 patients (median age 75 years) underwent elective laparoscopic or open colonic resection with fast-track rehabilitation and planned discharge after 48 hours. Functional recovery was assessed in detail during the first postoperative month. RESULTS: Median postoperative hospital stay was 2 days in both groups, with early and similar recovery to normal activities as assessed by hours of mobilization per day, computerized monitoring of motor activity assessed, pulmonary function, cardiovascular response to treadmill exercise, pain, sleep quality, fatigue, and return to normal gastrointestinal function. There were no significant differences in postoperative morbidity, mortality, or readmissions, although 3 patients died in the open versus nil in the laparoscopic group. CONCLUSION: Functional recovery after colonic resection is rapid with a multimodal rehabilitation regimen and without differences between open and laparoscopic operation. Further large-scale studies are required on potential differences in serious morbidity and mortality.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/242/CN-00505242/frame.html										
A. Bassili, A. Zaki, S. Zaher, I. Sawy, M. Ahmed, M. Omar, T. Omar, R. Bedwani, C. Davies and G. Tognoni	2000	Quality of care of children with chronic diseases in Alexandria, Egypt: the models of asthma, type I diabetes, epilepsy, and rheumatic heart disease. Egyptian-Italian Collaborative Group on Pediatric Chronic Diseases		Pediatrics			106		1	E12								Quality of care of children with chronic diseases in Alexandria, Egypt: the models of asthma, type I diabetes, epilepsy, and rheumatic heart disease. Egyptian-Italian Collaborative Group on Pediatric Chronic Diseases														CN-00361676				OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the quality of care delivered to children suffering from index chronic diseases using specific indicators of health care delivery and to study the predictors of suboptimal quality of care (SQC) and its outcome on children. DESIGN: Over a 9-month period, guidelines for optimal care were formulated. A specific questionnaire for every studied chronic disease was prepared in collaboration with the clinicians in charge of the diseased children (66% pediatricians and pediatric specialists and 34% adult specialists). The clinicians were asked to write the details of daily practice, ie, how these children were managed on a routine basis as well as in an emergency situation. A cross-sectional study was conducted over a 4-month period and included 953 children suffering from bronchial asthma (BA), childhood epilepsy (CE), type I diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and rheumatic heart disease (RHD). A systematic random sample of children was selected from children visiting the ambulatory settings of all children's hospitals. Every fourth child was selected on 2 randomly chosen days each week, while all diseased children admitted in the hospital settings of the children's hospitals during the study were included. A general form describing the impact of the diseases on the child was prepared. A network of clinicians was created in all children's hospitals; seminars were held during which the content validity of the questionnaire was tested. Items were evaluated for their internal consistency using the Cronbach alpha. According to the degree of adherence to the recent therapeutic guidelines concerning selected indicators of the quality of care specific to every disease, children were categorized as receiving optimal quality of care or SQC. These indicators were: the use of inhaled bronchodilators in acute asthmatic attacks in mild asthma and the use of the prophylactic drugs (inhaled sodium cromoglycate or inhaled beclomethasone) in moderate to severe chronic BA in between acute asthmatic attacks; compliance with antiepileptic drugs in epileptic children; regular performance of self-monitoring of blood glucose and/or urine testing in diabetic children; and compliance with prophylactic antibiotics in children suffering from RHD. The records of the outpatient clinics for ambulatory and hospitalized cases were reviewed to assess the degree of compliance with the prescribed management before the index visit. Sociodemographic characteristics and health care system-related predictors of SQC were analyzed via stepwise logistic regression analysis. The impact of illness on the child was assessed by 7 items which were: dependence on parents in domestic activities, level of activity compared with peers, mood compared with peers, level of socializing, degree of discomfort attributable to illness, level of physical disadvantage, and urinary incontinence. Factor analysis with Varimax rotation was performed on items related to the impact of illness. Parental satisfaction with care was rated as excellent, very good, fair, or poor. Information on school outcome was obtained by asking the caretakers whether the child was able to attend school regularly despite his sickness. Scholastic achievement was also rated as excellent, very good, good, and acceptable. Parents were asked whether the child had ever repeated a grade because of his sickness. SETTING: Ambulatory and hospital settings of all children's hospitals in Alexandria, Egypt. RESULTS: Only 52% of mild asthmatics were given inhaled bronchodilators during acute attacks and 6.84% of moderate to severe asthmatics were taking prophylactic drugs (inhaled sodium cromoglycate and/or inhaled beclomethasone) between acute attacks. Similarly, only 53 of 134 (39.6%) of diabetic children were regularly performing self-monitoring of blood glucose and/or urine testing. In contrast, in epileptic children, 121 of 173 (69.9%) were judged as being compliant by their managing clinicians and more than two			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/676/CN-00361676/frame.html										
J. Bathon, M. Robles, A. Ximenes, S. Nayiager, J. Wollenhaupt, P. Durez, J. Gomez-Reino, W. Grassi, B. Haraoui, W. Shergy, S. Park, H. Genant, C. Peterfy, J. Becker, A. Covucci, R. D. Moniz, R. Helfrick and R. Westhovens	2011	Sustained disease remission and inhibition of radiographic progression in methotrexate-naive patients with rheumatoid arthritis and poor prognostic factors treated with abatacept: 2-year outcomes		Annals of the rheumatic diseases			70		11	1949-56						Clinical Trial, Phase III; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Sustained disease remission and inhibition of radiographic progression in methotrexate-naive patients with rheumatoid arthritis and poor prognostic factors treated with abatacept: 2-year outcomes								Pubmed 21821865						CN-00806709				OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of abatacept plus methotrexate versus methotrexate alone in early erosive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: The AGREE was a 2-year phase IIIb multinational study in early (? 2 years) RA. During the double-blind period (year 1), patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive abatacept+methotrexate or methotrexate alone; all patients received open-label abatacept+methotrexate during year 2. Clinical outcomes assessed included 28-joint disease activity score (DAS28) defined remission, low disease activity score (LDAS), American College of Rheumatology (ACR) responses and physical function. Radiographic outcomes were assessed using the Genant-modified Sharp total score (TS). Safety was monitored throughout. RESULTS: Of the 459 patients completing year 1, 433 patients (94.3%) completed year 2. DAS28-defined remission, LDAS, ACR and physical function were sustained through year 2 in the original abatacept+methotrexate group, with 55.2% in remission at 2 years. Upon introduction of abatacept in the methotrexate-alone group, additional patients achieved DAS28-defined remission (44.5% vs 26.9%), LDAS (60.4% vs 43.2%) and improved ACR 70 (49.8% vs 31.7%) for year 2 versus year 1. Less radiographic progression was observed at 2 years in the original abatacept+methotrexate group than the methotrexate-alone group (change in TS 0.84 vs 1.75, p<0.001). No new safety issues were seen. Similar rates of serious adverse events, serious infections and autoimmune events were observed in years 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS: The AGREE trial was the first to examine the impact of T-cell co-stimulation modulation with abatacept in patients with early erosive RA. Early treatment with abatacept+methotrexate resulted in greater sustainable clinical, functional and radiographic benefits than methotrexate alone, with acceptable safety and tolerability. Trial Registration: NCT00122382.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/709/CN-00806709/frame.html										
M. Baurain, A. d'Hollander, C. Melot, B. Dernovoi and L. Barvais	1991	Effects of residual concentrations of isoflurane on the reversal of vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade		Anesthesiology			74		3	474-8						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Effects of residual concentrations of isoflurane on the reversal of vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade								Pubmed 1672059						CN-00073718				Thirty-six anesthetized patients (ASA physical status 1 or 2) undergoing elective surgery were monitored (isometric adductor pollicis mechanical activity) to detect the effects of discontinuing isoflurane anesthesia upon the reversal of vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade. Neuromuscular blockade was produced by vecuronium 100 micrograms/kg and additional doses of 20 micrograms/kg until completion of surgery. The patients were randomly divided into three groups: in the control group (n = 12), only fentanyl/N2O was given; in the "isostable" group (n = 12), isoflurane at an end-tidal concentration of 1.25% was maintained throughout anesthesia; in the "isostop" group (n = 12), isoflurane 1.25% was discontinued before neostigmine administration. In all groups, paralysis was antagonized with 15 micrograms/kg intravenous (iv) atropine and 40 micrograms/kg iv neostigmine when the twitch height (0.1 Hz) had regained 25% of its control value. The measured parameters were twitch height, train-of-four, and 50--100-Hz tetanic fade. No significant differences were found among the three groups with respect to the final twitch heights and tetanic fades at 50 Hz. In the isostable group, final mean train-of-four was significantly less (75%) than in the other patients (88%) (P less than 0.01). Mean tetanic fade at 100 Hz was significantly less in the isostable group (31%) than in the isostop group (57%) (P less than 0.01) and control group (84%) (P less than 0.01). We conclude that discontinuing isoflurane anesthesia for 15 min improves the reversal of a vecuronium paralysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/718/CN-00073718/frame.html										
M. Baurain, B. Dernovoi, A. d'Hollander and L. Barvais	1992	The influence of atropine dose on recovery from vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade		Anesthesiology			77		1	17-20						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		The influence of atropine dose on recovery from vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade								Pubmed 1351705						CN-00084987				To determine whether the dose of atropine affects the rate of neostigmine-induced recovery from vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade, the authors monitored isometric adductor pollicis mechanical activity in 36 anesthetized (thiopental, fentanyl, nitrous oxide) adult patients (ASA physical status 1 or 2). Once surgery was completed and twitch height had spontaneously regained 25% of its initial value, the patients were randomly allocated into three groups (A10, A15, A20; n = 12 in each group) according to the dose of atropine (10, 15, or 20 micrograms/kg) that was mixed with 40 micrograms/kg neostigmine. Twitch height, train-of-four, and 50- and 100-Hz tetanic fade were recorded for 15 min after the administration of the reversal agents. No significant differences were found among the three groups in the final twitch height (95% +/- 2%), train-of-four (87% +/- 1%, 88% +/- 2%, 89% +/- 1%), and 50-Hz tetanic fade (90% +/- 1%, 94% +/- 1%, 93% +/- 1%) (mean +/- SEM). Fifteen minutes after reversal, fade in response to 100-Hz tetanus was statistically greater in the A10 group than in the two other groups (70% +/- 3% of control versus 84% +/- 4% and 81% +/- 2%) (mean +/- SEM, P less than 0.05). The present results demonstrate that larger doses of atropine facilitate neostigmine's reversal of vecuronium neuromuscular blockade. The clinical implications of the differences observed in this study remain to be determined.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/987/CN-00084987/frame.html										
P. Beckenkamp, C. Lin, R. Herbert, M. Haas, K. Khera and A. Moseley	2011	EXACT: exercise or advice after ankle fracture. Design of a randomised controlled trial		BMC musculoskeletal disorders			12			148						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		EXACT: exercise or advice after ankle fracture. Design of a randomised controlled trial								Pubmed 21726463						CN-00814321				BACKGROUND: Ankle fractures are common. Management of ankle fractures generally involves a period of immobilisation followed by rehabilitation to reduce pain, stiffness, weakness and swelling. The effects of a rehabilitation program are still unclear. However, it has been shown that important components of rehabilitation programs may not confer additional benefits over exercise alone. The primary aim of this trial is to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an exercise-based rehabilitation program after ankle fracture, compared to advice alone. METHODS/DESIGN: A pragmatic randomised trial will be conducted. Participants will be 342 adults with stiff, painful ankles after ankle fracture treated with immobilisation. They will be randomly allocated using a concealed randomisation procedure to either an Advice or Rehabilitation group. Participants in the Advice group will receive verbal and written advice about exercise at the time of removal of immobilisation. Participants in the Rehabilitation group will be provided with a 4-week rehabilitation program that is designed, monitored and progressed by a physiotherapist, in addition to verbal and written advice. Outcomes will be measured by a blinded assessor at 1, 3 and 6 months. The primary outcomes will be activity limitation and quality-adjusted life years. DISCUSSION: This pragmatic trial will determine if a rehabilitation program reduces activity limitation and improves quality of life, compared to advice alone, after immobilisation for ankle fracture.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/321/CN-00814321/frame.html										
R. Beeler, A. Schoenenberger, P. Bauer, R. Kobza, M. Bergner, X. Mueller, R. Schlaepfer, M. Zuber, S. Erne and P. Erne	2014	Improvement of cardiac function with device-based diaphragmatic stimulation in chronic heart failure patients: The randomized, open-label, crossover Epiphrenic II Pilot Trial		European journal of heart failure			16		3	342-9						Journal: Article		Improvement of cardiac function with device-based diaphragmatic stimulation in chronic heart failure patients: The randomized, open-label, crossover Epiphrenic II Pilot Trial														CN-00985016				Aims: Device-based pacing-induced diaphragmatic stimulation (PIDS) may have therapeutic potential for chronic heart failure (HF) patients. We studied the effects of PIDS on cardiac function and functional outcomes. Methods and results: In 24 chronic HF patients with CRT, an additional electrode was attached to the left diaphragm. Randomized into two groups, patients received the following PIDS modes for 3 weeks in a different sequence: (i) PIDS off (control group); (ii) PIDS 0 ms mode (PIDS simultaneously with ventricular CRT pulse); or (iii) PIDS optimized mode (PIDS with optimized delay to ventricular CRT pulse). For PIDS optimization, acoustic cardiography was used. Effects of each PIDS mode on dyspnoea, power during exercise testing, and LVEF were assessed. Dyspnoea improved with the PIDS 0 ms mode (P =0.057) and the PIDS optimized mode (P =0.034) as compared with the control group. Maximal power increased from median 100.5 W in the control group to 104.0 W in the PIDS 0 ms mode (P =0.092) and 109.5 W in the PIDS optimized mode (P = 0.022). Median LVEF was 33.5% in the control group, 33.0% in the PIDS 0 ms mode, and 37.0% in the PIDS optimized mode (P = 0.763 and P=0.009 as compared with the control group, respectively). PIDS was asymptomatic in all patients. Conclusion PIDS improves dyspnoea, working capacity, and LVEF in chronic HF patients over a 3 week period in addition to CRT. This pilot study demonstrates proof of principle of an innovative technology which should be confirmed in a larger sample. 2013 European Society of Cardiology.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/016/CN-00985016/frame.html										
A. Beg, K. Saleena, A. Naqeeb, B. Dar and F. Sofi	2001	Effect of oral clonidine premedication on anxiety and sedation in patients undergoing TURP under spinal anaesthesia		JK Practitioner			8		1	15-7						Journal: Article		Effect of oral clonidine premedication on anxiety and sedation in patients undergoing TURP under spinal anaesthesia														CN-00342799				Sixty patients were studied to find out the effect of oral clonidine premedication on sedation and anxiety in patients undergoing trans-urethral resection of prostrate (TURP) under spinal anaesthesia with 5% Lidocaine. The patients were all males and of ASA physical status II in the age range of 50-70 years. Patients were randomly allocated to study group & control group consisting of 30 patients each. 150mg of oral clonidine was compared with a placebo given orally 90 minutes before lidocaine spinal anaesthesia in this double blind study. Anxiolysis was assessed by a 100 mm visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and sedation was assessed by a four point scale. Clonidine produce significant anxiolysis before and during spinal anaesthesia (p <0.001) Clonidine also produced grade II sedation in significant number of patients (33.33%) during spinal anaesthesia and in the post-operative period (p<0.25, <0.01 respectively).			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/799/CN-00342799/frame.html										
A. Bélanger-Gravel, G. Godin, A. Bilodeau and P. Poirier	2013	The effect of implementation intentions on physical activity among obese older adults: a randomised control study		Psychology & health			28		2	217-33						Journal: Article		The effect of implementation intentions on physical activity among obese older adults: a randomised control study								Pubmed 23005579						CN-00906364				Objectives: Physical activity is a key factor for healthy ageing and obesity management. The aim of this study was to test the effect of implementation intentions (IIs) on physical activity and body weight among inactive obese older adults. Design and measures: At baseline, 101 obese (classes I and II) older adults were randomised to an experimental or a control condition. IIs were delivered in the experimental condition in addition to the common intervention activities. Physical activity (primary outcome) was assessed by means of pedometers. The effect of IIs on body weight (secondary outcome) was also evaluated. Results: No main effects for IIs were observed for all outcomes (ps?>?0.21). A significant time?×?condition interaction was observed for the number of steps per day (p?=?0.01). At the 6-month follow-up, the improvement in physical activity was greater among participants in the experimental condition (d?=?0.59). None of the measured cognitions moderated or mediated IIs. Conclusion: Results suggest that IIs could be appropriate to favour the maintenance of physical activity among inactive obese older adults. However, this technique seems to have limited impacts over and above common intervention activities on weight loss.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/364/CN-00906364/frame.html										
G. Bell, V. Harber, T. Murray, K. Courneya and W. Rodgers	2010	A comparison of fitness training to a pedometer-based walking program matched for total energy cost		Journal of physical activity & health			7		2	203-13						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		A comparison of fitness training to a pedometer-based walking program matched for total energy cost								Pubmed 20484759						CN-00773075				BACKGROUND: Fitness and health variables were measured in 128 sedentary men and women randomly assigned to 6 months of fitness training (F), a walking program (W), or a control (C) group. METHODS: The F program gradually increased volume and intensity until 4 d/wk of training, at 70% of peak VO2 for 43 min/session was prescribed while the W group performed daily walking monitored with pedometers and increased until 10,000 steps x d-1 were prescribed. Total weekly energy expenditure was matched between the activity groups. The control group was asked to maintain their usual activity. RESULTS: Body mass, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, resting HR were reduced in all groups after 6 months (P < .05). Fasting glucose, glucose tolerance, and total cholesterol were similarly improved in all groups (P < .05). Blood pressure and HR decreased during submaximal exercise in all groups (P < .05) but rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was decreased only in the F group (P < .05). Only the F participants showed a significant increase in ventilatory threshold (VT; ~15%) and peak VO2 (~9%) after 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Supervised fitness training in previously sedentary adults produced greater improvements in submaximal RPE, BP(sys), VT, and peak VO2 but not other fitness and health-related variables compared with a pedometer-based walking program matched for total energy cost.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/075/CN-00773075/frame.html										
H. Bell, D. Ramsaroop and J. Duffin	2003	The respiratory effects of two modes of passive exercise		European journal of applied physiology			88		6	544-52						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The respiratory effects of two modes of passive exercise								Pubmed 12560953						CN-00435145				We monitored gas exchange and muscle activity during two commonly used modes of passive leg exercise as a means of assessing the degree of passivity associated with these techniques. Additionally, we measured the rapid changes in ventilation at the start and end of the passive exercise to assess changes that occur in the fast exercise drive to breathe during passive exercise. We monitored seven subjects at rest and during 5 min of passive exercise using (1) cycling movements performed on a tandem bicycle and (2) leg extension movements performed in a chair apparatus. The increase in measured parameters from rest to passive exercise were all higher while using the tandem bicycle compared to the chair apparatus: ventilation [3.09 (0.63) versus 0.35 (0.38) l x min(-1)], leg muscle electromyogram [8.3 (1.6) versus 1.6 (0.6) microV], carbon dioxide production [0.092 (0.018) versus -0.002 (0.001) l x min(-1)] and oxygen consumption [0.158 (0.046) versus -0.008 (0.007) l x min(-1)]. Passive exercise on the tandem bicycle was also associated with a significantly larger fast exercise drive to breathe at both the start and end of motion, compared to the chair apparatus [start: 5.59 (0.74) versus 3.08 (0.79) l x min(-1), end: 3.38 (0.79) versus 1.75 (0.54) l x min(-1)]. The fast exercise drive to breathe at the end of exercise was significantly smaller (60%) than at the start for both modes. We conclude that passive exercise on an upright bicycle contains a significant active component that contributes both neural and metabolic influences toward the physiological adjustments observed. Furthermore, we conclude that adaptation occurs in the fast exercise drive to breathe accompanying passive limb movement.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/145/CN-00435145/frame.html										
D. Benett, D. Gillis, P. L. Gross, M. Romanow and A. Sanchez	1989	Comparison of integrated electromyographic activity and lumbar curvature during standing and during sitting in three chairs		Physical therapy			69		11	902-13						Journal: Article		Comparison of integrated electromyographic activity and lumbar curvature during standing and during sitting in three chairs														CN-00381438				The purposes of this study were to monitor the integrated electromyographic activity of the erector spinae (ES) muscles and to measure lumbar curvature (LC) during static and dynamic postures in three chairs - a Balans Multi-Chair (BC), an office chair (OC), and a straight-back chair (SBC) - and during standing. Integrated electromyographic data were recorded in relaxed and erect postures at L2 and L5 in 20 volunteers. Lumbar curvature was measured with a flexible ruler. Analyses of variance for repeated measures (p = .05) and paired t tests were used to compare the IEMG and Lc measurements. During relaxed postures, there was more IEMG activity and greater LC instanding than in the OC or the SBC. During erect postures, there was more IEMG activity in standing than in the OC and no difference in LC between chairs. The IEMG activity at L5 was greatest on the left side across chairs. In typing and writing, significant differences in IEMG activity were found between sides, but not between chairs. The LC was greater in the BC than in SBC in relaxed sitting, typing, and writing. The pattern of IEMG activity is not similar to corresponding LC measurements. Care and prevention of low back injury is a critical focus in physical therapy. The BC could contribute to treatment. Further research is needed to support its use in back care programs.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/438/CN-00381438/frame.html										
J. Benito Penalva, E. Opisso, J. Medina, M. Corrons, H. Kumru, J. Vidal and J. Valls-Sole	2010	H reflex modulation by transcranial magnetic stimulation in spinal cord injury subjects after gait training with electromechanical systems		Spinal Cord			48		5	400-6					May			H reflex modulation by transcranial magnetic stimulation in spinal cord injury subjects after gait training with electromechanical systems	Spinal Cord	1476-5624												19935755				STUDY DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal study.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on the soleus H reflex in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) before and after locomotion training.
SETTING: Neurorehabilitation hospital in Barcelona, Spain.
METHODS: H reflex was elicited in 29 incomplete patients with SCI at 20, 50 and 80 ms after single vertex TMS, and compared with 13 healthy subjects. Patients were subdivided in two groups according to time since injury (<3 months, 3-12 months), and all received training with electromechanical systems. The H reflex modulation pattern to TMS was reassessed and the results were analyzed as a function of change in the patient clinical score.
RESULTS: Healthy subjects showed a significant H reflex facilitation at 20 ms (186.1%) and at 80 ms (190.6%) compared with the control H reflex. In patients, the H reflex facilitation at 20 ms was significantly reduced before training (142.5%, P=0.039) compared with healthy subjects. After training, patients with <3 months exhibited an increase in H reflex facilitation at 20 ms (170.7%, P=0.04), a greater gait velocity (P=0.014) and a positive correlation with the walking index for spinal cord injury (WISCI II) scale (P=0.050), compared with those with >3 months.
CONCLUSIONS: TMS-induced H reflex modulation may help in the assessment of changes in the descending control of leg reflexes. Our results suggest that the changes on reflex modulation in patients with SCI occur within the first 3 months after injury.	Benito Penalva, J
Opisso, E
Medina, J
Corrons, M
Kumru, H
Vidal, J
Valls-Sole, J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=19935755http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19935755&id=doi:10.1038%2Fsc.2009.151&issn=1362-4393&volume=48&issue=5&spage=400&pages=400-6&date=2010&title=Spinal+Cord&atitle=H+reflex+modulation+by+transcranial+magnetic+stimulation+in+spinal+cord+injury+subjects+after+gait+training+with+electromechanical+systems.&aulast=Benito+Penalva&pid=%3Cauthor%3EBenito+Penalva+J%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19935755%3C%2FAN%3E		Institut Guttmann, Hospital de neurorehabilitacio, Institut Universitari adscript a la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. jbenito@guttmann.com						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

K. Bennell, B. Matthews, A. Greig, A. Briggs, A. Kelly, M. Sherburn, J. Larsen and J. Wark	2010	Effects of an exercise and manual therapy program on physical impairments, function and quality-of-life in people with osteoporotic vertebral fracture: a randomised, single-blind controlled pilot trial		BMC musculoskeletal disorders			11			36						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of an exercise and manual therapy program on physical impairments, function and quality-of-life in people with osteoporotic vertebral fracture: a randomised, single-blind controlled pilot trial								Pubmed 20163739						CN-00750150				BACKGROUND: This randomised, single-blind controlled pilot trial aimed to determine the effectiveness of a physiotherapy program, including exercise and manual therapy, in reducing impairments and improving physical function and health-related quality of life in people with a history of painful osteoporotic vertebral fracture. METHODS: 20 participants were randomly allocated to an intervention (n = 11) or control (n = 9) group. The intervention group attended individual sessions with an experienced clinician once a week for 10 weeks and performed daily home exercises with adherence monitored by a self-report diary. The control group received no treatment. Blinded assessment was conducted at baseline and 11 weeks. Questionnaires assessed self-reported changes in back pain, physical function, and health-related quality of life. Objective measures of thoracic kyphosis, back and shoulder muscle endurance (Timed Loaded Standing Test), and function (Timed Up and Go test) were also taken. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed significant reductions in pain during movement (mean difference (95% CI) -1.8 (-3.5 to -0.1)) and at rest (-2.0 (-3.8 to -0.2)) and significantly greater improvements in Qualeffo physical function (-4.8 (-9.2 to -0.5)) and the Timed Loaded Standing test (46.7 (16.1 to 77.3) secs). For the perceived change in back pain over the 10 weeks, 9/11 (82%) participants in the intervention group rated their pain as 'much better' compared with only 1/9 (11%) participants in the control group. CONCLUSION: Despite the modest sample size, these results support the benefits of exercise and manual therapy in the clinical management of patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures, but need to be confirmed in a larger sample. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT00638768.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/150/CN-00750150/frame.html										
G. Bennett, P. Foley, E. Levine, J. Whiteley, S. Askew, D. Steinberg, B. Batch, M. Greaney, H. Miranda, T. Wroth, M. Holder, K. Emmons and E. Puleo	2013	Behavioral treatment for weight gain prevention among black women in primary care practice: A randomized clinical trial		JAMA Internal Medicine			173		19	1770-1777								Behavioral treatment for weight gain prevention among black women in primary care practice: A randomized clinical trial														CN-00908922				Importance Few weight loss treatments produce clinically meaningful weight loss outcomes among black women, particularly in the primary care setting. New weight management strategies are necessary for this population. Weight gain prevention might be an effective treatment option, with particular benefits for overweight and class 1 obese black women. OBJECTIVE To compare changes in weight and cardiometabolic risk during a 12-month period among black women randomized to a primary care-based behavioral weight gain prevention intervention, relative to usual care. DESIGN. SETTING. AND PARTICIPANTS Two-arm randomized clinical trial (the Shape Program). We recruited patients from a 6-site community health center system. We randomized 194 overweight and class 1 obese (body mass index [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared], 25-34.9) premenopausal black women aged 25 to 44 years. Enrollment began on December 7,2009; 12- and 18-month assessments were completed in February and October 2,2012. interventions The medium-intensity intervention included tailored behavior change goals, weekly self-monitoring via interactive voice response, monthly counseling calls, tailored skills training materials, and a gym membership. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Twelve-month change in weight and body mass index and maintenance of change at 18 months. RESULTS Participants had a mean age of 35.4 years, a mean weight of 81.1 kg. and a mean body mass index of 30.2 at baseline. Most were socioeconomically disadvantaged (79.7% with educational level less than a college degree; 74.3% reporting annual income <$30 000). The 12-month weight change was larger among intervention participants (mean [SD], -1.0 [0.5] kg), relative to usual care (0.5 [0.5] kg; mean difference, -1.4 kg [95% CI. -2.8 to -0.1 kg]; P = .04). At month 12,62% of intervention participants were at or below their baseline weights compared with 45% of usual-care participants (P = .03). By 18 months, intervention participants maintained significantly larger changes in weight (mean difference, -1.7 kg; 95% CI.-3.3 to-0.2 kg). CONCLUSIONS and relevance A medium-intensity primary care-based behavioral intervention demonstrated efficacy for weight gain prevention among socioeconomically disadvantaged black women. A "maintain, don't gain" approach might be a useful alternative treatment for reducing obesity-associated disease risk among some premenopausal black women.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/922/CN-00908922/frame.html										
M. Berg, H. Ronday, A. Peeters, S. Cessie, F. Giesen, F. Breedveld and V. T. Vliet	2006	Using internet technology to deliver a home-based physical activity intervention for patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized controlled trial		Arthritis and rheumatism			55		6	935-45						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Using internet technology to deliver a home-based physical activity intervention for patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 17139640						CN-00574114				OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of 2 Internet-based physical activity interventions for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: A total of 160 physically inactive patients with RA who had a computer with Internet access were randomly assigned to an Internet-based physical activity program with individual guidance, a bicycle ergometer, and group contacts (individualized training [IT] group; n = 82) or to an Internet-based program providing only general information on exercises and physical activity (general training [GT] group; n = 78). Outcome measures included quantity of physical activity (questionnaire and activity monitor), functional ability, quality of life, and disease activity (baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months). RESULTS: The proportion of physically active patients was significantly greater in the IT than in the GT group at 6 (38% versus 22%) and 9 months (35% versus 11%; both P < 0.05) regarding a moderate intensity level for 30 minutes in succession on at least 5 days a week, and at 6 (35% versus 13%), 9 (40% versus 14%), and 12 months (34% versus 10%; all P < 0.005) regarding a vigorous intensity level for 20 minutes in succession on at least 3 days a week. In general, there were no statistically significant differences regarding changes in physical activity as measured with an activity monitor, functional ability, quality of life, or disease activity. CONCLUSION: An Internet-based physical activity intervention with individually tailored supervision, exercise equipment, and group contacts is more effective with respect to the proportion of patients who report meeting physical activity recommendations than an Internet-based program without these additional elements in patients with RA. No differences were found regarding the total amount of physical activity measured with an activity monitor.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/114/CN-00574114/frame.html										
M. Berg, H. Ronday, A. Peeters, d. H. E. Voogt-van, M. Munneke, F. Breedveld and V. T. Vliet	2007	Engagement and satisfaction with an Internet-based physical activity intervention in patients with rheumatoid arthritis		Rheumatology (Oxford, England)			46		3	545-52						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Engagement and satisfaction with an Internet-based physical activity intervention in patients with rheumatoid arthritis								Pubmed 17043050						CN-00576682				OBJECTIVE: To assess the engagement in and satisfaction with an Internet-mediated physical activity intervention with individual supervision in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: The intervention studied was one of the two strategies aimed at enhancing physical activity in RA patients that were being compared in a randomized controlled trial. A total of 82 patients, all experienced in using Internet and e-mail and registered at three different rheumatology out-patient clinics, were randomly allocated to the Internet-mediated individualized intervention (52 weeks). They had access to personal physical activity schedules and received individual supervision by a physical therapist by means of weekly e-mail feedback. In addition, telephone contacts, an online discussion forum, six face-to-face group meetings and electronic newsletters were offered. Besides registration of returned physical activity schedules, engagement and satisfaction were measured through questionnaires. RESULTS: The median physical activity schedule return rate of the 82 participants was 55%. The mean number of patients logging into the website at least once a week was 53 (70%) over 12 months. Of all patients, 69 returned the questionnaires (response 84%). Telephone contacts were used by 38/67 patients (57%), the mean (SD) number of attended group meetings was 3.1 (1.5) and the discussion forum comprised 15 posted messages. Overall, the proportions of patients being (very) satisfied with the amount of e-mail contacts, telephone contacts, usefulness of website information, physical activity schedules, group meetings and website layout were >/=85%. A smaller proportion of patients were satisfied with the links to other websites (68%), the newsletters (55%) and the online discussion forum (32%). CONCLUSION: Physical activity schedules with weekly feedback by e-mail, telephone contacts and a limited number of group meetings were frequently used website tools and modes of communication of an Internet-based physical activity intervention, with high-satisfaction rates from RA patients. Discussion forum and newsletters were less used and appreciated. Caution should be taken when extrapolating the results found to groups of patients who are not experienced Internet and e-mail users or patients with more severe physical disabilities.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/682/CN-00576682/frame.html										
R. Berg-Emons, A. Balk, H. Bussmann and H. Stam	2004	Does aerobic training lead to a more active lifestyle and improved quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure?		European journal of heart failure			6		1	95-100						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Does aerobic training lead to a more active lifestyle and improved quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure?								Pubmed 15012924						CN-00471273				BACKGROUND: Due to dyspnea and fatigue, patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) are often restricted in the performance of everyday activities, which gradually may lead to hypoactivity. AIMS: To assess whether aerobic training leads to a more active lifestyle and improved quality of life (QoL) in patients with CHF. METHODS: Patients with stable CHF (NYHA II/III; 59 (11) years) were randomly assigned to a training group (n=18; 3-month aerobic program above standard treatment) or control group (n=16; standard treatment without special advice for exercise). Measurements were performed on level of everyday physical activity (PA, novel accelerometry-based activity monitor) and QoL, and on several related parameters. RESULTS: Training did not result in a more active lifestyle or improved QoL, but improved (P<0.05) peak power (17%), 6-min walk distance (10%), muscle strength (13-15%) and depression (-1.3 unit). Changes in level of everyday PA were related to changes in peak Vo(2) (r=0.58, P=0.01) and knee extension strength (r=0.48, P=0.05). CONCLUSIONS: At group level training did not result in a more active lifestyle or improved QoL. However, correlations between training-related changes in parameters suggest that aerobic training has the potential to increase levels of everyday PA in CHF.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/273/CN-00471273/frame.html										
S. Berga, M. Marcus, T. Loucks, S. Hlastala, R. Ringham and M. Krohn	2003	Recovery of ovarian activity in women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea who were treated with cognitive behavior therapy		Fertility and sterility			80		4	976-81						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Recovery of ovarian activity in women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea who were treated with cognitive behavior therapy								Pubmed 14556820						CN-00458224				OBJECTIVE: To determine whether cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) targeted to problematic attitudes common among women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea would restore ovarian function. DESIGN: Randomized, prospective, controlled intervention. SETTING: Clinical research center in an academic medical institution. PATIENT(S): Sixteen women participated who had functional hypothalamic amenorrhea; were of normal body weight; and did not report psychiatric conditions, eating disorders, or excessive exercise. INTERVENTION(S): Subjects were randomized to CBT or observation for 20 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Serum levels of E(2) and P and vaginal bleeding were monitored. RESULT(S): Of eight women treated with CBT, six resumed ovulating, one had partial recovery of ovarian function without evidence of ovulation, and one did not display return of ovarian function. Of those randomized to observation, one resumed ovulating, one had partial return of ovarian function, and six did not recover. Thus, CBT resulted in a higher rate of ovarian activity (87.5%) than did observation (25.0%), chi(2) = 7.14. CONCLUSION(S): A cognitive behavioral intervention designed to minimize problematic attitudes linked to hypothalamic allostasis was more likely to result in resumption of ovarian activity than observation. The prompt ovarian response to CBT suggests that a tailored behavioral intervention offers an efficacious treatment option that also avoids the pitfalls of pharmacological modalities.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/224/CN-00458224/frame.html										
M. Bergamin, A. Ermolao, S. Tolomio, L. Berton, G. Sergi and M. Zaccaria	2013	Water- versus land-based exercise in elderly subjects: effects on physical performance and body composition		Clinical interventions in aging			8			1109-17						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Water- versus land-based exercise in elderly subjects: effects on physical performance and body composition								Pubmed 24009416						CN-00876030				The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a 24-week exercise protocol carried out in geothermal spring water to improve overall physical function and muscle mass in a group of healthy elderly subjects. A further aim was to compare this water-based protocol with a land-based protocol and a control group. For this purpose, 59 subjects were recruited and randomly allocated to three groups: aquatic group (AG), land group (LG), and control group (CG). AG and LG followed a 6-month, twice-weekly, multimodality exercise intervention. AG underwent the protocol in hot-spring water (36°C) while LG did it in a land-based environment. After the intervention, knee-extension strength was maintained in AG and LG. The 8-foot up-and-go test showed a reduction in both exercise groups (AG -19.3%, P < 0.05; LG -12.6%, P < 0.05), with a significantly greater decrease in AG. The back-scratch test revealed an improvement only in AG (25.8%; P < 0.05), while the sit-and-reach test improved in all groups. Finally, AG reduced fat mass by 4% (P < 0.05), and dominant forearm fat decreased by 9.2% (P < 0.05). In addition, calf muscle density increased by 1.8% (P < 0.05). In summary, both water- and land-based activities were beneficial in maintaining strength and in improving lower-body flexibility. Aquatic exercise appeared a better activity to improve dynamic balance. Thermal swimming pools and the use of rating of perceived exertion as a method of exercise monitoring should be considered potentially useful tools to enhance physical performance and body composition in healthy elderly.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/030/CN-00876030/frame.html										
K. Bergendiova, E. Tibenska and J. Majtan	2011	Pleuran (?-glucan from Pleurotus ostreatus) supplementation, cellular immune response and respiratory tract infections in athletes		European journal of applied physiology			111		9	2033-40						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Pleuran (?-glucan from Pleurotus ostreatus) supplementation, cellular immune response and respiratory tract infections in athletes								Pubmed 21249381						CN-00812764				Prolonged and exhausting physical activity causes numerous changes in immunity and sometimes transient increases the risk of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). Nutritional supplements as countermeasures to exercise-induced changes have increasingly been studied in the last decade. One of the most promising nutritional supplements is ?-glucan, a well-known immunomodulator with positive effects on the function of immunocompetent cells. In this double blind, placebo-controlled study, we investigated the effect of pleuran, an insoluble ?-(1,3/1,6) glucan from mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus, on selected cellular immune responses and incidence of URTI symptoms in athletes. Fifty athletes were randomized to pleuran or placebo group, taking pleuran (commercial name Imunoglukan(®)) or placebo supplements during 3 months. Venous whole blood was collected before and after 3 months of supplementation and additionally 3 months after supplementation period was completed. Incidence of URTI symptoms together with characterization of changes in phagocytosis and natural killer (NK) cell count was monitored during the study. We found that pleuran significantly reduced the incidence of URTI symptoms and increased the number of circulating NK cells. In addition, the phagocytosis process remained stable in pleuran group during the study in contrast to placebo group where significant reduction of phagocytosis was observed. These findings indicate that pleuran may serve as an effective nutritional supplement for athletes under heavy physical training. Additional research is needed to determine the mechanisms of pleuran function.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/764/CN-00812764/frame.html										
R. J. Bergman	2006	Physical activity of older adults residing in different levels of care				University of Tennessee	Ph.D.			99 p								Physical activity of older adults residing in different levels of care		0-542-41753-7																This study compared the physical activity and functional levels of older adults residing in retirement (RH), assisted-living (AL) and nursing homes (NH). The StepWatch Step Activity Monitor3 (SW) pedometer was used to collect the number of steps taken during one day of activity. Activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) surveys were completed to measure functional status in terms of ADL problems and impairments. The sample consisted of thirty-seven older adults (17 RH, 8 AL, 12 NH, 71--94 years old) who wore the SW on the right ankle during a full day of routine activity. ADL and IADL surveys were completed the day prior to the collection of physical activity data. Participants wore the pedometers an average of 13.66 +/- 1.26 hours (12.63 +/- 1.43 RH, 13.82 +/- 1.26 AL, 14.13 +/- .84 NH) and took 6134.11 +/- 5205.60 steps (8518.47 +/- 4707.78 RH, 2592.75 +/- 1961.69 AL, 5117.17 +/- 5913.01 NH). The average score for ADL problems was 2.32 +/- .1.31 (3.42 +/- .67 RH, 2.88 +/- .99 AL, 1.29 +/- .99 NH) and 4.35 +/- 1.30 for impairments (5.42 +/- .67 RH, 5.00 +/- .77 AL, 3.29 +/- .99 NH). Data indicates that as level of skilled care increases number of steps taken and functional levels of older adults decrease.	Accession Number: 2009711654. Language: English. Entry Date: 20071123. Revision Date: 20091218. Publication Type: doctoral dissertation; research. Special Interest: Gerontologic Care.
UMI Order AAI3197594.		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2009711654&site=ehost-live								rzh	EBSCOhost	
R. J. Bergman, D. R. Bassett, Jr., S. Muthukrishnan and D. A. Klein	2008	Validity of 2 devices for measuring steps taken by older adults in assisted-living facilities		Journal of Physical Activity & Health			5 Suppl 1			S166-75						Comparative Study		Validity of 2 devices for measuring steps taken by older adults in assisted-living facilities	J Phys Act Health	1543-3080												18364521				BACKGROUND: This 2-part study examined validity of selected motion sensors for assessing physical activity in older adults residing in assisted-living communities.
METHODS: Twenty-one older adults (mean age = 78.6 +/- 13.1 years) wore the StepWatch 3 Step Activity Monitor (SW3) and the Yamax Digi-Walker SW-200 pedometer (DW). Part I compared accuracy of these devices for measuring steps taken over 161 m. Part II compared devices over a 1-day (24-hour) period.
RESULTS: In part I, the DW recorded 51.9% (r2 = -.08, P = .75) and the SW3 recorded 102.6% (r2 = .99, P < .001) of steps. In part II, the DW measured significantly fewer steps (1587 +/- 1057 steps) than did the SW3 (6420 +/- 3180 steps).
CONCLUSIONS: The SW3 pedometer was more accurate in counting steps and recorded higher 24-hour step counts than the DW pedometer. Thus, the SW3 is a valid research instrument for monitoring activity in the assisted-living population.	Bergman, Randall J
Bassett, David R Jr
Muthukrishnan, Suresh
Klein, Diane A		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18364521http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:18364521&id=doi:&issn=1543-3080&volume=5&issue=1&spage=S166&pages=S166-75&date=2008&title=Journal+of+Physical+Activity+%26+Health&atitle=Validity+of+2+devices+for+measuring+steps+taken+by+older+adults+in+assisted-living+facilities.&aulast=Bergman&pid=%3Cauthor%3EBergman+RJ%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E18364521%3C%2FAN%3E		Dept of Physical Education and Health, Kentucky Wesleyan College, Owensboro, KY 42302, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

R. J. Bergman, J. W. Spellman, M. E. Hall and S. M. Bergman	2012	Is there a valid app for that? Validity of a free pedometer iPhone application		Journal of Physical Activity & Health			9		5	670-6					Jul	Validation Studies		Is there a valid app for that? Validity of a free pedometer iPhone application	J Phys Act Health	1543-5474												21946023				BACKGROUND: This study examined the validity of a selected free pedometer application (iPedometer; IP) for the iPhone that could be used to assess physical activity.
METHODS: Twenty college students (10 men, 10 women; mean age: 21.85 + 1.57 yrs) wore an iPhone at 3 locations (pocket, waist, arm) and a StepWatch 3 Step Activity Monitor (SW) on their right ankle while walking on a treadmill at 5 different speeds (54, 67, 80, 94, 107 mmin(-1)). A research assistant counted steps with a tally counter (TC).
RESULTS: Statistical significance between the TC, SW, and IP was found during every condition except IP in the pocket at 107 mmin(-1) (F(2,38) = .64, P = .54). Correlations involving the IP revealed only 1 positive correlation (IP on arm at 54 mmin(-1)) for any of the conditions (r = .46, P = .05).
CONCLUSION: The IP application was not accurate in counting steps and recorded significantly lower step counts than the SW and TC. Thus, the free pedometer application used is not a valid instrument for monitoring activity during treadmill walking.	Bergman, Randall J
Spellman, Justin W
Hall, Michael E
Bergman, Shawn M		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21946023http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21946023&id=doi:&issn=1543-3080&volume=9&issue=5&spage=670&pages=670-6&date=2012&title=Journal+of+Physical+Activity+%26+Health&atitle=Is+there+a+valid+app+for+that%3F+Validity+of+a+free+pedometer+iPhone+application.&aulast=Bergman&pid=%3Cauthor%3EBergman+RJ%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21946023%3C%2FAN%3E		Dept of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. Bernstein, D. Sloutskis, S. Kumanyika, A. Sparti, Y. Schutz and A. Morabia	1998	Data-based approach for developing a physical activity frequency questionnaire		American journal of epidemiology			147		2	147-54						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review		Data-based approach for developing a physical activity frequency questionnaire								Pubmed 9457004						CN-00147351				Measurement of total energy expenditure may be crucial to an understanding of the relation between physical activity and disease and in order to frame public health intervention. To devise a self-administered physical activity frequency questionnaire (PAFQ), the following data-based approach was used. A 24-hour recall was administered to a random sample of 919 adult residents of Geneva, Switzerland. The data obtained were used to establish the list of activities (and their median duration) that contributed to 95% of the energy expended, separately for men and women. Activities that were trivial for the whole sample but that contributed to > or = 10% of an individual's energy expenditure were also selected. The final PAFQ lists 70 activities or group of activities with their typical duration. About 20 minutes are required for respondents to indicate the number of days and the number of hours per day that they performed each activity. The PAFQ method was validated against a heart rate monitor, a more objective method. The total energy estimated by the PAFQ in 41 volunteers correlated well (r = 0.76) with estimates using a heart rate monitor. The authors conclude that the design of their self-administered physical activity frequency questionnaire based on data from 24-hour recall appeared to accurately estimate energy expenditure.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/351/CN-00147351/frame.html										
S. Berntsen, R. Hageberg, A. Aandstad, P. Mowinckel, S. A. Anderssen, K. H. Carlsen and L. B. Andersen	2010	Validity of physical activity monitors in adults participating in free-living activities		Br J Sports Med			44		9	657-64					Jul			Validity of physical activity monitors in adults participating in free-living activities		1473-0480												18628358				For a given subject, time in moderate to very vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) varies substantially among physical activity monitors.|In the present study, the primary objective, whether time in MVPA recorded with SenseWear Pro(2) Armband (Armband; BodyMedia, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA), ActiGraph (7164, LLC, Fort Walton Beach, Florida, USA), ikcal (Teltronic AG, Biberist, Switzerland) and ActiReg (PreMed AS, Oslo, Norway) is different compared with indirect calorimetry, was determined. The secondary objective, whether these activity monitors estimate energy expenditure differently compared with indirect calorimetry, was also determined.|The activity monitors and a portable oxygen analyser were worn by 14 men and 6 women for 120 min doing a variety of activities of different intensities. Resting metabolic rate was measured with indirect calorimetry. The cutoff points defining moderate, vigorous and very vigorous intensity were three, six and nine times resting metabolic rate.|Time in MVPA was overestimated by 2.9% and 2.5% by Armband and ActiGraph, respectively, and was underestimated by 11.6% and 98.7% by ikcal and ActiReg, respectively. ActiReg (p = 0.004) and ActiGraph (p = 0.007) underestimated energy expenditure in MVPA, and all monitors underestimated total energy expenditure (by 5% to 21%).|Recorded time in MVPA and energy expenditure varies substantially among physical activity monitors. Thus, when comparing physical activity level among studies, it is essential to know the type of physical activity monitor being used.			http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18628358										eng

S. Berntsen, S. N. Stafne and S. Morkved	2011	Physical activity monitor for recording energy expenditure in pregnancy		Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica			90		8	903-7					Aug			Physical activity monitor for recording energy expenditure in pregnancy	Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand	1600-0412												21535435				OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the energy expenditure recorded with the physical activity monitor SenseWear Pro(2) Armband differs from that recorded with indirect calorimetry.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional comparison of measures of energy expenditure.
SETTING: A convenient sample recruited from a randomized controlled trial.
POPULATION: Twenty-nine pregnant women (24-43 years old).
METHODS: Energy expenditure was recorded with SenseWear Pro(2) Armband and a portable oxygen analyzer for 90 minutes while carrying out a variety of activities of different intensities.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Energy expenditure recorded with the physical activity monitor SenseWear Pro(2) Armband.
RESULTS: Comparing energy expenditure during free-living activities, the mean differences and limits of agreements from Bland-Altman plots was -136+343 kJ, giving an underestimation of energy expenditure by 9%. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.71-0.93; p<0.001), giving 85% of the variance explained by differences among individuals.
CONCLUSIONS: SenseWear Pro(2) Armband is a valid measure of energy expenditure during pregnancy. 2011 The Authors Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2011 Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology.	Berntsen, Sveinung
Stafne, Signe N
Morkved, Siv		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21535435http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21535435&id=doi:10.1111%2Fj.1600-0412.2011.01172.x&issn=0001-6349&volume=90&issue=8&spage=903&pages=903-7&date=2011&title=Acta+Obstetricia+et+Gynecologica+Scandinavica&atitle=Physical+activity+monitor+for+recording+energy+expenditure+in+pregnancy.&aulast=Berntsen&pid=%3Cauthor%3EBerntsen+S%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21535435%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway. sveinung.berntsen@mail.com						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. Berntsen, S. Stafne and S. Maorkved	2011	Physical activity monitor for recording energy expenditure in pregnancy		Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica			90		8	903-7						Journal: Article		Physical activity monitor for recording energy expenditure in pregnancy														CN-00894405				Objective. To determine whether the energy expenditure recorded with the physical activity monitor SenseWear Pro<sub>2</sub> Armband differs from that recorded with indirect calorimetry. Design. Cross-sectional comparison of measures of energy expenditure. Setting. A convenient sample recruited from a randomized controlled trial. Population. Twenty-nine pregnant women (24-43years old). Methods. Energy expenditure was recorded with SenseWear Pro <sub>2</sub> Armband and a portable oxygen analyzer for 90minutes while carrying out a variety of activities of different intensities. Main Outcome Measures. Energy expenditure recorded with the physical activity monitor SenseWear Pro<sub>2</sub> Armband. Results. Comparing energy expenditure during free-living activities, the mean differences and limits of agreements from Bland-Altman plots was -136+343kJ, giving an underestimation of energy expenditure by 9%. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.71-0.93; p<0.001), giving 85% of the variance explained by differences among individuals. Conclusions. SenseWear Pro<sub>2</sub> Armband is a valid measure of energy expenditure during pregnancy. 2011 Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/405/CN-00894405/frame.html										
Y. Bhambhani, R. Burnham, G. Snydmiller and I. MacLean	1997	Effects of 10-ppm hydrogen sulfide inhalation in exercising men and women: Cardiovascular, metabolic, and biochemical responses		Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine			39		2	122-9						Journal: Article		Effects of 10-ppm hydrogen sulfide inhalation in exercising men and women: Cardiovascular, metabolic, and biochemical responses														CN-00392552				This study examined the acute effects of 10-ppm hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) inhalation, a concentration equal to its occupational exposure limit, on the cardiovascular, metabolic, and biochemical responses in healthy volunteers. Fifteen men and 13 women completed two 30-minute exercise sessions at 50% of their maximal oxygen uptake, during which they inhaled medical air or 10 ppm H<sub>2</sub>S in a blind manner. Arterial and finger-prick blood samples were obtained before and during the final minute of exercise. Muscle biopsies were withdrawn from the right vastus lateralis immediately after exercise. Cardiorespiratory measurements were monitored using an automated metabolic cart interfaced with an electrocardiogram and blood pressure apparatus. A significant decrease in oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2</sub>), with a concomitant increase in blood lactate, was observed in men and women as a result of H<sub>2</sub>S exposure. No significant changes were observed in arterial blood parameters and the cardiovascular responses under these conditions. Muscle lactate, as well as the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and cytochrome oxidase, were not significantly altered by H<sub>2</sub>S exposure. However, there was a tendency for muscle lactate to increase and citrate synthase activity to decrease in both genders in the presence of H<sub>2</sub>S. It appeared that 10-ppm H<sub>2</sub>S inhalation reduced VO<sub>2</sub> during exercise, most likely by inhibiting the aerobic capacity of the exercising muscle. These findings question the scientific validity of the current occupational exposure limit for H<sub>2</sub>S.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/552/CN-00392552/frame.html										
A. Bheekie, J. Syce and E. Weinberg	2001	Peak expiratory flow rate and symptom self-monitoring of asthma initiated from community pharmacies		Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics			26		4	287-96						Journal: Article		Peak expiratory flow rate and symptom self-monitoring of asthma initiated from community pharmacies														CN-00442989				Objective: To compare the use of patient-performed peak expiratory flow (PEFR) and symptom monitoring as asthma self-management tools initiated from community pharmacies. Design and setting: 110 patients over 6 years of age were recruited from five private-sector community pharmacies. Patients were identified from pharmacist recall as having 'asthma'. Information on the frequency of their asthma symptoms, medication use, level of physical activity, school or work attendance and lung function was obtained using a questionnaire to classify patients as either mild, moderate or severe. Each patient was alternately assigned to either the symptom or PEFR monitoring procedure in the order they were recruited. Patients performing symptom monitoring used a visual analogue scale to assess symptoms, whereas those in the PEFR monitoring group assessed symptoms and used a pocket-size peak flow meter to measure lung function. Both self-monitoring groups were required to adhere to an individualized management plan based on guideline recommendations and to record their monitored data in a diary card for 2 months. Data from the diary cards were reviewed, collated, transcribed and analysed using the Student t and Mann-Whitney tests. Outcome measures: The average monthly frequency of appropriate patient responses determined from their adherence to the self-management plan was used to compare the usefulness of symptom and PEFR self-monitoring. In particular, appropriate use of medication and need for medical consultation was compared. Results: 21 symptom and 40 PEFR-assigned patients completed 2 months' monitoring. The average monthly frequency of appropriate responses in patients using PEFR (0.76) was significantly higher than that of patients using symptom monitoring (0.53, P < 0.006). Patients applying symptom monitoring had a higher monthly frequency (0.39) of inappropriate medication use compared to the PEFR group (0.14). Furthermore, the patients' mean daily symptom scores (2.85) were significantly lower than that estimated by the researcher (4.12, P < 0.03). For all three asthma severity groups a higher monthly average of appropriate responses was observed in patients using PEFR monitoring compared to those who used symptom monitoring. Conclusion: PEFR self-monitoring proved to be a more useful asthma tool than symptom self-monitoring. Patients applying symptom monitoring tend to underestimate the severity of their condition and use medication inappropriately. Active involvement of community pharmacists in facilitating and reinforcing out-patient self-monitoring would help to optimize asthma management.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/989/CN-00442989/frame.html										
M. Bilinska, M. Kosydar-Piechna, T. Mikulski, E. Piotrowicz, A. Gasiorowska, W. Piotrowski, K. Nazar and R. Piotrowicz	2013	Influence of aerobic training on neurohormonal and hemodynamic responses to head-up tilt test and on autonomic nervous activity at rest and after exercise in patients after bypass surgery		Cardiology journal			20		1	17-24						Journal: Article		Influence of aerobic training on neurohormonal and hemodynamic responses to head-up tilt test and on autonomic nervous activity at rest and after exercise in patients after bypass surgery														CN-00908749				Background: Little is known about the influence of aerobic training on the neurohormonal and hemodynamic responses to head-up tilt (HUT) and on autonomic balance at rest and after exercise in optimally treated, low risk post-coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients. Methods: One hundred male patients, mean age 56 + 6 years, 3 months after CABG, were randomized to either 6-week training on cycloergometer, 3 times a week, at 70-80% of max tolerated heart rate (HR) (training group, n = 50) or to a control group (n = 50). At baseline and at the end of the study, all patients underwent: (1) cardiopulmonary exercise test with HR recovery (HRR) assessment; (2) 60% HUT during which HR, blood pressure (BP), stroke volume (SV by impedance cardiography) were monitored and blood samples were taken for determination of plasma catecholamines and ANP levels, and plasma renin activity; (3) assessment of HR variability (HRV) in the time and frequency domains at rest. Results: During the final tests, HUT-induced changes in HR, BP, SV, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, and noradrenaline were significantly lower in training group than in controls. In addition, after training faster post-exercise HRR, increased SDNN and a tendency towards an increase in the high frequency HRV power spectrum were found. Conclusions: Aerobic training improved neurohormonal and hemodynamic responses to head-up tilt test and favorably modified sympatho-vagal balance in low risk post-CABG patients. 2013 Via Medica.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/749/CN-00908749/frame.html										
D. Bird, B. Oldenburg, M. Cassimatis, A. Russell, S. Ash, M. Courtney, P. Scuffham, I. Stewart, R. Wootton and R. Friedman	2010	Randomised controlled trial of an automated, interactive telephone intervention to improve type 2 diabetes self-management (Telephone-Linked Care Diabetes Project): study protocol		BMC public health			10			599						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Randomised controlled trial of an automated, interactive telephone intervention to improve type 2 diabetes self-management (Telephone-Linked Care Diabetes Project): study protocol								Pubmed 20937148						CN-00772189				BACKGROUND: An estimated 285 million people worldwide have diabetes and its prevalence is predicted to increase to 439 million by 2030. For the year 2010, it is estimated that 3.96 million excess deaths in the age group 20-79 years are attributable to diabetes around the world. Self-management is recognised as an integral part of diabetes care. This paper describes the protocol of a randomised controlled trial of an automated interactive telephone system aiming to improve the uptake and maintenance of essential diabetes self-management behaviours. METHODS/DESIGN: A total of 340 individuals with type 2 diabetes will be randomised, either to the routine care arm, or to the intervention arm in which participants receive the Telephone-Linked Care (TLC) Diabetes program in addition to their routine care. The intervention requires the participants to telephone the TLC Diabetes phone system weekly for 6 months. They receive the study handbook and a glucose meter linked to a data uploading device. The TLC system consists of a computer with software designed to provide monitoring, tailored feedback and education on key aspects of diabetes self-management, based on answers voiced or entered during the current or previous conversations. Data collection is conducted at baseline (Time 1), 6-month follow-up (Time 2), and 12-month follow-up (Time 3). The primary outcomes are glycaemic control (HbA1c) and quality of life (Short Form-36 Health Survey version 2). Secondary outcomes include anthropometric measures, blood pressure, blood lipid profile, psychosocial measures as well as measures of diet, physical activity, blood glucose monitoring, foot care and medication taking. Information on utilisation of healthcare services including hospital admissions, medication use and costs is collected. An economic evaluation is also planned. DISCUSSION: Outcomes will provide evidence concerning the efficacy of a telephone-linked care intervention for self-management of diabetes. Furthermore, the study will provide insight into the potential for more widespread uptake of automated telehealth interventions, globally. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12607000594426.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/189/CN-00772189/frame.html										
M. Bloch, D. Smith and D. Nelson	1989	Heart rate, activity, duration, and affect in added-purpose versus single-purpose jumping activities		The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association			43		1	25-30						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Heart rate, activity, duration, and affect in added-purpose versus single-purpose jumping activities								Pubmed 2597240						CN-00256718				This research replicates and extends an occupational therapy research project reported by Kircher in 1984. Thirty women aged 18 to 31 years jumped with a rope on one day and jumped in place on another day in a counterbalanced design. Each subject stopped jumping when she reached what she perceived as the very hard level on the Borg Scale of Perceived Exertion (Borg, 1970). Differences from Kircher's design included an imposed target zone formula for safe maximum exertion, use of a portable, more easily read heart rate monitor (Exersentry, Model 3), use of the Osgood Semantic Differential to measure affective meanings, and asking the subjects to identify the type of jumping they preferred. Data analysis supported Kircher's finding that at the given rate of perceived exertion, heart rate increase after jumping rope was significantly higher (p = .01) than after jumping without a rope. The difference in duration of jumping approached significance (p = .06), but in the direction opposite to what Kircher found. There were no significant differences in affective meanings or preference. Results are discussed in terms of the need for a growing body of occupational therapy literature in regard to the purposefulness of activities.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/718/CN-00256718/frame.html										
G. Block, B. Sternfeld, C. Block, T. Block, J. Norris, D. Hopkins, C. Quesenberry, G. Husson and H. Clancy	2008	Development of Alive! (A Lifestyle Intervention Via Email), and its effect on health-related quality of life, presenteeism, and other behavioral outcomes: randomized controlled trial		Journal of medical Internet research			10		4	e43						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Development of Alive! (A Lifestyle Intervention Via Email), and its effect on health-related quality of life, presenteeism, and other behavioral outcomes: randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 19019818						CN-00680558				BACKGROUND: Cost-effective interventions to improve diet and physical activity are a public health priority. Alive! is an email-based intervention to increase physical activity, reduce saturated and trans fats and added sugars, and increase fruit and vegetable consumption. It was shown to improve these behaviors in a large randomized controlled trial. OBJECTIVE: (1) To describe the components and behavioral principles underlying Alive!, and (2) to report effects of the intervention on the secondary outcomes: health-related quality of life, presenteeism, self-efficacy, and stage of change. METHODS: The Alive! behavior change model is designed to elicit healthy behaviors and promote their maintenance. Behavioral strategies include assessments followed by individualized feedback, weekly goal-setting, individually tailored goals and tips, reminders, and promotion of social support. Alive! was tested among non-medical employees of Kaiser Permanente of Northern California, who were randomized to either the intervention group or the wait-list control group. After randomization, intervention group participants chose one topic to undertake for the intervention period: increasing physical activity, increasing fruits and vegetables, or decreasing saturated and trans fats and added sugars. Pre-post questionnaires assessed changes in SF-8 health-related quality of life, presenteeism, self-efficacy, and stage of change. Mixed effects multiple linear regression and ordinal logistic regression models were used, with department as a random effect factor. Analyses were by intention to treat: the 30% (238/787) who did not respond to the follow-up questionnaires were assigned change scores of zero. RESULTS: Participants were 19 to 65 years (mean 44.0 +/- 10.6), and 74.3% (585/787) were female. Mean SF-8 Physical quality of life score increased significantly more in the intervention group than in the control group, 1.84 (95% CI 0.96-2.72) vs 0.72 (95% CI -0.15-1.58) respectively, P = .02. SF8 Mental score also improved significantly more in the intervention group than in the control group (P = .02). The odds ratio for improvement in self-assessed health status was 1.57 (95% CI 1.21-2.04, P < .001) for the intervention group compared to the control group. The odds ratio for having a reduction in difficulty accomplishing work tasks because of physical or emotional problems, a measure of presenteeism, was 1.47 (95% CI 1.05-2.05, P = .02) for the intervention group compared to the control group. The odds of having an improvement in self-efficacy for changing diet was 2.05 (95% CI 1.44-2.93) for the intervention vs the control group (P < .001). Greater improvement in stage of change for physical activity (P = .05), fats (P = .06), and fruits/vegetables (P = .006) was seen in the intervention group compared to the control group. Significant effects on diet and physical activity behavior change are reported elsewhere. CONCLUSIONS: Cost-effective methods that can reach large populations with science-based interventions are urgently needed. Alive! is a fully automated low-cost intervention shown to effect significant improvements in important health parameters. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00607009; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00607009 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/5cLpCWcT6).			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/558/CN-00680558/frame.html										
J. Blumenthal, F. Keefe, M. Babyak, V. Fenwick, J. Johnson, K. Stott, R. Funk, M. McAdams, S. Palmer, T. Martinu, D. Baucom, P. Diaz and C. Emery	2009	Caregiver-assisted coping skills training for patients with COPD: Background, design, and methodological issues for the INSPIRE-II study		Clinical trials (London, England)			6		2	172-84						Journal: Article		Caregiver-assisted coping skills training for patients with COPD: Background, design, and methodological issues for the INSPIRE-II study														CN-00754555				Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive illness characterized by airflow obstruction and dyspnea that afflicts over 12 million people and represents a leading cause of death in the United States. Not surprisingly, COPD is often associated with emotional distress and reduced psychosocial adjustment, which can negatively impact physical functioning and impair quality of life. However, the psychosocial consequences of COPD remain largely untreated. A previous randomized trial from our research team demonstrated that coping skills training (CST) can improve pulmonary-specific quality of life among pulmonary patients awaiting lung transplant (the INSPIRE study). To date, however, no studies have examined the effects of a caregiver-assisted CST intervention in patients with COPD with less severe disease. Purpose: INSPIRE II is a randomized clinical trial (RCT) funded by the NHLBI to evaluate the effects of telephone-based enhanced CST for patients with COPD and their caregivers compared to standardized medical care (SMC) including COPD education and symptom monitoring on medical outcomes, physical functioning, and quality of life. Methods: Six hundred COPD patients and their respective caregivers recruited from Duke University and Ohio State University will be evaluated and randomized (in a 1:1 ratio) to enhanced CST (including sessions promoting physical activity, relaxation, cognitive restructuring, communication skills, and problem solving) or to SMC. The primary outcomes include all-cause mortality, COPD-related hospitalizations/physician visits, and quality of life. These endpoints will be measured through self-report questionnaires, behavioral measures of functional capacity (i.e., accelerometer and six minute walk test) and pulmonary function tests (e.g., FEV<sub>1</sub>). Results: This article reviews prior studies in the area and describes the design of INSPIRE-II. Several key methodological issues are discussed including the delivery of CST over the telephone, encouraging physical activity, and inclusion of caregivers as patient coaches to enhance the effectiveness of the intervention. Limitations: We recognize that SMC does not adequately control for attention, support, and non-specific factors, and that, in theory, non-specific effects of the intervention could account for some, or all, of the observed benefits. However, our fundamental question is whether the telephone intervention produces benefits over-and-above the usual care that patients typically receive. The SMC condition will provide education and additional weekly telephone contact, albeit less than the attention received by the CST group. We recognize that this attention control condition may not provide equivalent patient contact, but it will minimize group differences due to attention. We considered several alternative designs including adding a third usual care only arm as well as an education only control arm. However, these alternatives would require more patients, reduce the power to detect significant effects of our primary medical endpoints, and add a significant additional expense to the cost of the study that would make such an undertaking neither scientifically or financially viable. Conclusions: We believe that this novel approach to patient care in which caregivers are used to assist in the delivery of coping skills training to patients with COPD has the potential to change the way in which COPD patients are routinely managed in order to reduce distress, enhance quality of life, and potentially improve medical outcomes. 2009 Sage Publications.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/555/CN-00754555/frame.html										
S. Blumenthal, K. Min, M. Nadig and A. Borgeat	2005	Double epidural catheter with ropivacaine versus intravenous morphine: a comparison for postoperative analgesia after scoliosis correction surgery		Anesthesiology			102		1	175-80						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Double epidural catheter with ropivacaine versus intravenous morphine: a comparison for postoperative analgesia after scoliosis correction surgery								Pubmed 15618801						CN-00503412				BACKGROUND: Major spine surgery with a dorsal or ventrodorsal approach causes severe postoperative pain. The use of continuous epidural analgesia through one or two epidural catheters placed intraoperatively by the surgeon has been shown to provide efficient postoperative pain control. In this prospective unblinded study, the authors compared the efficacy of continuous intravenous morphine with a continuous double epidural catheter technique with ropivacaine after scoliosis correction. METHODS: Thirty patients with American Society of Anesthesiology physical status I-III were prospectively randomized to either the morphine group or the epidural group. At the end of surgery, patients in the epidural group received two epidural catheters placed by the surgeon, one directed cephalad and one caudally. Correct placement was checked radiographically. Postoperative analgesia until the first postoperative morning was performed with remifentanil target-control infusion for all patients. From that time remifentanil was stopped and continuous intravenous analgesia with morphine or double epidural analgesia with ropivacaine 0.3% was initiated (T0 = beginning of study). Pain at rest and pain in motion (using a visual analog scale from 0-100), the amount of rescue analgesics, sensory level, motor blockade, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and pruritus were assessed every 6 h and bowel function was assessed every 12 h until T72 (end of study). Two days later, patient satisfaction was assessed. RESULTS: Pain scores at rest were significantly decreased in the epidural group at all time points except at T12, T60, and T72. Pain scores in motion were significantly decreased in the epidural group at T24, T48, and T72. Bowel activity was significantly better in the epidural group at T24, T36, T48, and T60. Postoperative nausea and vomiting and pruritus occurred significantly less frequently in the epidural group. No complications related to the epidural catheter occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Both methods provide efficient postoperative analgesia. However, double epidural catheter technique provides better postoperative analgesia, earlier recovery of bowel function, fewer side effects, and a higher patient satisfaction.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/412/CN-00503412/frame.html										
M. Bobbert, K. Gerritsen, M. Litjens and A. Soest	1996	Why is countermovement jump height greater than squat jump height?		Medicine and science in sports and exercise			28		11	1402-12						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Why is countermovement jump height greater than squat jump height?								Pubmed 8933491						CN-00133929				In the literature, it is well established that subjects are able to jump higher in a countermovement jump (CMJ) than in a squat jump (SJ). The purpose of this study was to estimate the relative contribution of the time available for force development and the storage and reutilization of elastic energy to the enhancement of performance in CMJ compared with SJ. Six male volleyball players performed CMJ and SJ. Kinematics, kinetics, and muscle electrical activity (EMG) from six muscles of the lower extremity were monitored. It was found that even when the body position at the start of push-off was the same in SJ as in CMJ, jump height was on average 3.4 cm greater in CMJ. The possibility that nonoptimal coordination in SJ explained the difference in jump height was ruled out: there were no signs of movement disintegration in SJ, and toe-off position was the same in SJ as in CMJ. The greater jump height in CMJ was attributed to the fact that the countermovement allowed the subjects to attain greater joint moments at the start of push-off. As a consequence, joint moments were greater over the first part of the range of joint extension in CMJ, so that more work could be produced than in SJ. To explain this finding, measured and manipulated kinematics and electromyographic activity were used as input for a model of the musculoskeletal system. According to simulation results, storage and reutilization of elastic energy could be ruled out as explanation for the enhancement of performance in CMJ over that in SJ. The crucial contribution of the countermovement seemed to be that it allowed the muscles to build up a high level of active state (fraction of attached cross-bridges) and force before the start of shortening, so that they were able to produce more work over the first part of their shortening distance.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/929/CN-00133929/frame.html										
D. Bocalini, S. L. dos and A. Serra	2008	Physical exercise improves the functional capacity and quality of life in patients with heart failure		Clinics (São Paulo, Brazil)			63		4	437-42						Randomized Controlled Trial		Physical exercise improves the functional capacity and quality of life in patients with heart failure								Pubmed 18719752						CN-00700503				OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of physical exercise on the functional capacity and quality of life in heart failure patients. METHODS: Forty-two patients of both sexes with heart failure of NYHA class II and III with different etiologies were randomly divided into untrained or trained groups. The six-month exercise program consisted of aerobic training, muscle strength training, agility and joint flexibility activities. Physical fitness was evaluated by testing the performance on these trained components. Quality of life was evaluated by scored answers to a standardized questionnaire involving multiple domains. RESULTS: Baseline values did not differ between groups. Improvement in the trained group was identified in all components of functional capacity when compared to the untrained group (p<0.001). Quality of life improved in the trained patients concerning physical, psychological, social and environmental domains (p<0.001), whereas no significant change was found in the untrained patients. CONCLUSIONS: Guided and monitored physical exercise is safe and has the potential to improve functional capacity and quality of life in heart failure patients with multiple etiologies.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/503/CN-00700503/frame.html										
A. G. Bonomi, G. Plasqui, A. H. Goris and K. R. Westerterp	2010	Estimation of free-living energy expenditure using a novel activity monitor designed to minimize obtrusiveness		Obesity			18		9	1845-51					Sep	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Validation Studies		Estimation of free-living energy expenditure using a novel activity monitor designed to minimize obtrusiveness	Obesity (Silver Spring)	1930-739X												20186133				The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of a novel activity monitor designed to be minimally obtrusive in predicting free-living energy expenditure. Subjects were 18 men and 12 women (age: 41 +/- 11 years, BMI: 24.4 +/- 3 kg/m(2)). The habitual physical activity was monitored for 14 days using a DirectLife triaxial accelerometer for movement registration (Tracmor(D)) (Philips New Wellness Solutions, Lifestyle Incubator, the Netherlands). Tracmor(D) output was expressed as activity counts per day (Cnts/d). Simultaneously, total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured in free living conditions using doubly labeled water (DLW). Activity energy expenditure (AEE) and the physical activity level (PAL) were determined from TEE and sleeping metabolic rate (SMR). A multiple-linear regression model predicted 76% of the variance in TEE, using as independent variables SMR (partial-r(2) = 0.55, P < 0.001), and Cnts/d (partial r(2) = 0.21, P < 0.001). The s.e. of TEE estimates was 0.9 MJ/day or 7.4% of the average TEE. A model based on body mass (partial-r(2) = 0.31, P < 0.001) and Cnts/d (partial-r(2) = 0.23, P < 0.001) predicted 54% of the variance in TEE. Cnts/d were significantly and positively associated with AEE (r = 0.54, P < 0.01), PAL (r = 0.68, P < 0.001), and AEE corrected by body mass (r = 0.71, P < 0.001). This study showed that the Tracmor(D) is a highly accurate instrument for predicting free-living energy expenditure. The miniaturized design did not harm the ability of the instrument in measuring physical activity and in determining outcome parameters of physical activity such as TEE, AEE, and PAL.	Bonomi, Alberto G
Plasqui, Guy
Goris, Annelies H C
Westerterp, Klass R		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=20186133http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:20186133&id=doi:10.1038%2Foby.2010.34&issn=1930-7381&volume=18&issue=9&spage=1845&pages=1845-51&date=2010&title=Obesity&atitle=Estimation+of+free-living+energy+expenditure+using+a+novel+activity+monitor+designed+to+minimize+obtrusiveness.&aulast=Bonomi&pid=%3Cauthor%3EBonomi+AG%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E20186133%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. a.bonomi@HB.unimaas.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

P. Borg, M. Fogelholm and K. Kukkonen-Harjula	2004	Food selection and eating behaviour during weight maintenance intervention and 2-y follow-up in obese men		International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders			28		12	1548-54						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Food selection and eating behaviour during weight maintenance intervention and 2-y follow-up in obese men								Pubmed 15543160						CN-00505185				OBJECTIVE: The aim was to assess long-term changes in food consumption and eating behaviour during and 2 y after dietary counselling in weight-reduced obese men. DESIGN: Observational study from a randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Outpatient clinic of a research institute. SUBJECTS: A total of 36 subjects with complete data on food intake during the study. Subjects were obese (mean body mass index (BMI) 32.8 kg/m2) men aged 35-50 y, recruited by media advertising. INTERVENTIONS: Dietary counselling was included in 2 months weight reduction with very-low-energy-diet and in 6 months weight maintenance programme, which also included physical activity counselling. This was followed by a 23 months unsupervised follow-up with yearly assessments. Food intake was assessed six times during the study by 4-day food records. Eating behaviour was assessed by Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ). RESULTS: Increased consumption of low-fat cheese, low-fat margarine, vegetables and high-fibre bread, and decreased consumption of sugar, sausage, high-fat cheese, high-fat margarine, fat products and sweets were observed during dietary counselling. Most of these changes returned later to prestudy consumption level. The relapse in dietary changes was partly associated with scoring low in restraint and high in disinhibition and hunger. CONCLUSION: In obese men, long-term maintenance of dietary changes was difficult. New ways to ease self-monitoring and increase self-efficacy might be necessary to improve maintenance of dietary changes.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/185/CN-00505185/frame.html										
S. Bourque, R. Pate and J. Branch	1997	Twelve weeks of endurance exercise training does not affect iron status measures in women		Journal of the American Dietetic Association			97		10	1116-21						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Twelve weeks of endurance exercise training does not affect iron status measures in women								Pubmed 9336558						CN-00144365				OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of 12 weeks of endurance exercise training on iron status measures in previously inactive women and compared the effects of weight-bearing endurance exercise training and non-weight-bearing endurance exercise on iron status measures. DESIGN: Randomized, experimental study. SUBJECTS: Thirty-one healthy, inactive women (aged 23 to 43 years) with apparently normal iron stores (serum ferritin concentration > or = 20 micrograms/L) were recruited from the local area by newspaper advertisements and campus mailings. Twenty-one subjects completed the study (mean +/- standard deviation for age = 32 +/- 5 years, for body mass index = 23.1 +/- 4.9, and for maximum oxygen consumption [VO2max] = 33.8 +/- 6.3 mL/kg per minute). INTERVENTION: Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: an inactive control group, a walking/running group, or a cycling group. Subjects in the two exercise groups trained three to four times per week at 80% VO2max for 12 weeks. Exercise training sessions were monitored and energy expenditure increased from 150 kcal per session (week 1) to 375 kcal per session (weeks 9 to 12). Subjects in the inactive control group were instructed to maintain their normal activity patterns for the duration of the study. All subjects were instructed to maintain their normal dietary habits. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum ferritin concentration, serum iron concentration, percentage saturation of transferrin, total iron-binding capacity, serum haptoglobin concentration, and other selected hematologic variables were measured at baseline and at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to examine group x time interactions in changes in iron status measures. Statistical significance was reached at P < .05. RESULTS: Analysis of variance indicated that serum ferritin concentration did not change significantly (P = .59) during the 12 weeks in the walking/running group (mean +/- standard deviation from 41.28 +/- 14.22 to 27.41 +/- 9.74 micrograms/L) or the cycling group (from 65.81 +/- 37.62 to 41.06 +/- 26.38 micrograms/L) compared with the control group (from 47.55 +/- 15.87 to 31.56 +/- 10.57 micrograms/L). Values for serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, percentage saturation of transferrin, and haptoglobin also did not change significantly (P > .30) in the walking/running or cycling groups compared with the control group. APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study suggest that participation in 12 weeks of moderate-intensity endurance exercise training (walking/running or cycling) is not associated with negative effects on selected measures of iron status in healthy, previously untrained women with normal iron stores (serum ferritin > or = 20 micrograms/L).			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/365/CN-00144365/frame.html										
M. G. Bowden, C. K. Balasubramanian, A. L. Behrman and S. A. Kautz	2008	Validation of a speed-based classification system using quantitative measures of walking performance poststroke		Neurorehabilitation & Neural Repair			22		6	672-5					Nov-Dec	Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Validation Studies		Validation of a speed-based classification system using quantitative measures of walking performance poststroke	Neurorehabil Neural Repair	1545-9683					NIHMS46327
PMC2587153							18971382				BACKGROUND: For clinical trials in stroke rehabilitation, self-selected walking speed has been used to stratify persons to predict functional walking status and to define clinical meaningfulness of changes. However, this stratification was validated primarily using self-report questionnaires.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to validate the speed-based classification system with quantitative measures of walking performance.
METHODS: A total of 59 individuals who had hemiparesis for more than 6 months after stroke participated in this study. Spatiotemporal and kinetic measures included the percentage of total propulsion generated by the paretic leg (Pp), the percentage of the stride length accounted for by the paretic leg step length (PSR), and the percentage of the gait cycle spent in paretic preswing (PPS). Additional measures included the synergy portion of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment and the average number of steps/day in the home and community measured with a step activity monitor. Participants were stratified by self-selected gait speed into 3 groups: household (<0.4 m/s), limited community (0.4-0.8 m/s), and community (>0.8 m/s) ambulators. Group differences were analyzed using a Kruskal-Wallis H test with rank sums test post hoc analyses.
RESULTS: Analyses demonstrated a main effect in all measures, but only steps/day and PPS demonstrated a significant difference between all 3 groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Classifying individuals poststroke by self-selected walking speed is associated with home and community-based walking behavior as quantified by daily step counts. In addition, PPS distinguishes all 3 groups. Pp differentiates the moderate from the fast groups and may represent a contribution to mechanisms of increasing walking speed. Speed classification presents a useful yet simple mechanism to stratify subjects poststroke and may be mechanically linked to changes in PPS.	Bowden, Mark G
Balasubramanian, Chitralakshmi K
Behrman, Andrea L
Kautz, Steven A
R01 HD046820 (United States NICHD NIH HHS)
R01 HD046820-04 (United States NICHD NIH HHS)
R01HD46820 (United States NICHD NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18971382http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:18971382&id=doi:10.1177%2F1545968308318837&issn=1545-9683&volume=22&issue=6&spage=672&pages=672-5&date=2008&title=Neurorehabilitation+%26+Neural+Repair&atitle=Validation+of+a+speed-based+classification+system+using+quantitative+measures+of+walking+performance+poststroke.&aulast=Bowden&pid=%3Cauthor%3EBowden+MG%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E18971382%3C%2FAN%3E		Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, NF/SG Veterans Affairs Health System, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA. mbowden@phhp.ufl.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. G. Bowden and A. L. Behrman	2007	Step Activity Monitor: accuracy and test-retest reliability in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury		Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development			44		3	355-62						Comparative Study
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Step Activity Monitor: accuracy and test-retest reliability in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury	J Rehabil Res Dev	1938-1352												18247232				Recovery of walking after incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) is a common focus of rehabilitation, but few measurement tools capture walking performance outside the clinic or laboratory. This study determined the accuracy and test-retest reliability of the Step Activity Monitor (SAM), a microprocessor-driven accelerometer that measures walking activity. We evaluated 11 individuals with iSCI during replicate 6-minute walk tests (6MWTs) and 10-meter walk tests (10mWTs) scheduled <1 week apart. The SAM was 97% accurate compared with hand-tallied step counts. SAM values were stable across repeated walking performances (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.97-0.99). Standard error of measurement values were 6.0 steps and 0.8 steps for the 6MWT and 10mWT, respectively. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals were 203.7 to 177.0 steps for the 6MWT and 16.1 to 12.7 steps for the 10mWT. The SAM is an accurate and reliable device for capturing walking activity in individuals with iSCI.	Bowden, Mark G
Behrman, Andrea L
K01HD01348 (United States NICHD NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18247232http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:18247232&id=doi:&issn=0748-7711&volume=44&issue=3&spage=355&pages=355-62&date=2007&title=Journal+of+Rehabilitation+Research+%26+Development&atitle=Step+Activity+Monitor%3A+accuracy+and+test-retest+reliability+in+persons+with+incomplete+spinal+cord+injury.&aulast=Bowden&pid=%3Cauthor%3EBowden+MG%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E18247232%3C%2FAN%3E		Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA. mbowden@phhp.ufl.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. S. Brach, S. FitzGerald, A. B. Newman, S. Kelsey, L. Kuller, J. M. VanSwearingen and A. M. Kriska	2003	Physical activity and functional status in community-dwelling older women: a 14-year prospective study		Archives of Internal Medicine			163		21	2565-71					Nov 24	Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Physical activity and functional status in community-dwelling older women: a 14-year prospective study	Arch Intern Med	0003-9926												14638556				BACKGROUND: Short-term prospective studies have shown physical activity to be related to functional status. To our knowledge, the association between physical activity levels and functional status over a longer period has not been established.
METHODS: Two hundred twenty-nine older women (mean age, 74.2 years) who were involved in a randomized controlled walking intervention from 1982 to 1985 were subsequently followed up until December 1999. Physical activity was assessed in 1985, 1995, and 1999 using a physical activity questionnaire and a physical activity monitor. In 1999, functional status was assessed by self-report and performance-based measures.
RESULTS: Subjective and objective measures of physical activity in 1985 independently predicted gait speed in 1999 after controlling for age, chronic conditions, and activity limitation (subjective model-adjusted R2 = 0.09 [P=.03]; and objective model-adjusted R2 = 0.13 [P=.008]). The consistency of physical activity participation from 1985 to 1995 was also related to functional status in 1999. Women who were always active had the best functional status and women who were always inactive had the worst functional status. For difficulty with activities of daily living: those always active, 17 (37.8%) of 45 women; those inconsistently active, 24 (40.0%) of 60 women; and those always inactive, 39 (59.1%) of 66 women (chi2 for trend P=.02). For score on the Physical Performance Test: those always active, 24.9; those inconsistently active, 24.5; and those always inactive, 23.8 (analysis of variance with linear contrasts P=.04). For gait speed: those always active, 1.17 m/s; those inconsistently active, 1.15 m/s; and those always inactive, 1.03 m/s (analysis of variance with linear contrasts P=.002).
CONCLUSION: We demonstrated a significant relation between physical activity during a 14-year period and current functional status in older women, thus suggesting that physical activity plays a role in maintaining functional ability later in life.	Brach, Jennifer S
FitzGerald, Shannon
Newman, Anne B
Kelsey, Sheryl
Kuller, Lewis
VanSwearingen, Jessie M
Kriska, Andrea M
AG 14753 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
TG32 AG 00181 (United States NIA NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=14638556http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:14638556&id=doi:&issn=0003-9926&volume=163&issue=21&spage=2565&pages=2565-71&date=2003&title=Archives+of+Internal+Medicine&atitle=Physical+activity+and+functional+status+in+community-dwelling+older+women%3A+a+14-year+prospective+study.&aulast=Brach&pid=%3Cauthor%3EBrach+JS%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E14638556%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 6035 Forbes Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. jbrach@pitt.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. Brach, S. FitzGerald, A. Newman, S. Kelsey, L. Kuller, J. VanSwearingen and A. Kriska	2003	Physical activity and functional status in community-dwelling older women: a 14-year prospective study		Archives of internal medicine			163		21	2565-71						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Physical activity and functional status in community-dwelling older women: a 14-year prospective study								Pubmed 14638556						CN-00559372				BACKGROUND: Short-term prospective studies have shown physical activity to be related to functional status. To our knowledge, the association between physical activity levels and functional status over a longer period has not been established. METHODS: Two hundred twenty-nine older women (mean age, 74.2 years) who were involved in a randomized controlled walking intervention from 1982 to 1985 were subsequently followed up until December 1999. Physical activity was assessed in 1985, 1995, and 1999 using a physical activity questionnaire and a physical activity monitor. In 1999, functional status was assessed by self-report and performance-based measures. RESULTS: Subjective and objective measures of physical activity in 1985 independently predicted gait speed in 1999 after controlling for age, chronic conditions, and activity limitation (subjective model-adjusted R2 = 0.09 [P=.03]; and objective model-adjusted R2 = 0.13 [P=.008]). The consistency of physical activity participation from 1985 to 1995 was also related to functional status in 1999. Women who were always active had the best functional status and women who were always inactive had the worst functional status. For difficulty with activities of daily living: those always active, 17 (37.8%) of 45 women; those inconsistently active, 24 (40.0%) of 60 women; and those always inactive, 39 (59.1%) of 66 women (chi2 for trend P=.02). For score on the Physical Performance Test: those always active, 24.9; those inconsistently active, 24.5; and those always inactive, 23.8 (analysis of variance with linear contrasts P=.04). For gait speed: those always active, 1.17 m/s; those inconsistently active, 1.15 m/s; and those always inactive, 1.03 m/s (analysis of variance with linear contrasts P=.002). CONCLUSION: We demonstrated a significant relation between physical activity during a 14-year period and current functional status in older women, thus suggesting that physical activity plays a role in maintaining functional ability later in life.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/372/CN-00559372/frame.html										
J. Brandenburg, W. Pitney, P. Luebbers, A. Veera and A. Czajka	2007	Time course of changes in vertical-jumping ability after static stretching		International journal of sports physiology and performance			2		2	170-81						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Time course of changes in vertical-jumping ability after static stretching								Pubmed 19124904						CN-00687557				PURPOSE: To examine the acute effects of static stretching on countermovement vertical-jump (CMVJ) ability and monitor the time course of any stretch-induced changes. METHODS: Once familiarized, 16 experienced jumpers completed 2 testing sessions in a randomized order. Each session consisted of a general warm-up, a pretreatment CMVJ assessment, a treatment, and multiple posttreatment CMVJ assessments. One treatment included lower-body static stretching, and the second treatment, involving no stretching, was the control. Posttreatment CMVJ measures occurred immediately, 3, 6, 12, and 24 minutes posttreatment. Stretching consisted of 3 static-stretching exercises, with each exercise repeated 3 times and each repetition held for 30 s. RESULTS: Prestretch CMVJ height equaled 47.1 (+/- 9.7) cm. CMVJ height immediately poststretch was 45.7 (+/- 9.2) cm, and it remained depressed during the 24-min follow-up period. Pre-no-stretch CMVJ height was 48.4 (+/- 9.8) cm, whereas immediately post-no-stretch CMVJ height equaled 46.8 (+/- 9.5) cm, and as in the stretch treatment, post-no-stretch CMVJ height remained lower than pre-no-stretch values.Although there was a significant main effect of time (P = .005), indicating that CMVJ was lower and remained impaired after both treatments, no significant interaction effect (P = .749) was observed. CONCLUSION: In comparison with the no-activity control, static stretching resulted in similar reductions in CMVJ ability when examined over the same time course, so athletes preparing for CMVJ should avoid periods of inactivity, as well as static stretching.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/557/CN-00687557/frame.html										
M. Brandes, M. Ringling, C. Winter, A. Hillmann and D. Rosenbaum	2011	Changes in physical activity and health-related quality of life during the first year after total knee arthroplasty		Arthritis care & research			63		3	328-34					Mar	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Changes in physical activity and health-related quality of life during the first year after total knee arthroplasty	Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)	2151-4658												20981812				OBJECTIVE: Despite its impact on the overall outcome and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after knee surgery, physical activity has not been investigated directly using accelerometry or step monitoring during the first year after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) due to osteoarthritis (OA). Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the development of physical activity over 12 months after surgery and its relationship to clinical outcome and HRQOL.
METHODS: Fifty-three patients scheduled for primary TKA due to OA were measured with the DynaPort ADL monitor and a step activity monitor preoperatively and at 2, 6, and 12 months of followup. Clinical outcome and HRQOL were investigated using the American Knee Society Score (KSS) and Short Form 36 (SF-36) health survey.
RESULTS: Physical activity increased significantly within 12 months of followup (from mean + SD 4,993 + 2,170 gait cycles preoperatively to 5,932 + 2,111 gait cycles; P = 0.003). Clinical outcome and HRQOL improved from baseline (mean + SD KSS 88.9 + 21.4, mean + SD SF-36 43.1 + 18.4) to 12 months of followup (mean + SD KSS 188.6 + 10.9; P = 0.001 and mean + SD SF-36 82.5 + 15.9; P = 0.001). Physical activity parameters did not correlate with clinical outcome.
CONCLUSION: TKA offers profound improvements of physical activity for the majority of patients. Despite these improvements and the excellent clinical outcome, most patients do not reach the level of physical activity reported for healthy subjects. The activity level after treatment seems to be influenced by physical activity behavior prior to surgery rather than by the treatment itself. Copyright 2011 by the American College of Rheumatology.	Brandes, Mirko
Ringling, Michael
Winter, Corinna
Hillmann, Axel
Rosenbaum, Dieter		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=20981812http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:20981812&id=doi:10.1002%2Facr.20384&issn=2151-464X&volume=63&issue=3&spage=328&pages=328-34&date=2011&title=Arthritis+care+%26+research&atitle=Changes+in+physical+activity+and+health-related+quality+of+life+during+the+first+year+after+total+knee+arthroplasty.&aulast=Brandes&pid=%3Cauthor%3EBrandes+M%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E20981812%3C%2FAN%3E		University of Bremen, Germany. mib@uni-bremen.de						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. Brandes and D. Rosenbaum	2004	Correlations between the step activity monitor and the DynaPort ADL-monitor		Clinical Biomechanics			19		1	91-4					Jan			Correlations between the step activity monitor and the DynaPort ADL-monitor	Clin Biomech	0268-0033												14659936				OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate correlations between the DynaPort activity of daily living monitor and the step activity monitor.
DESIGN: Experimental study with repeated measures.
BACKGROUND: Physical activity becomes more important to assess quality of life, e.g. after clinical interventions such as joint replacement surgery.
METHODS: Nine subjects wore both devices simultaneously for two days. Limitations and technical problems caused by the devices were assessed by a questionnaire. Correlation coefficients were calculated between parameters derived from both instruments.
RESULTS: Only small limitations and problems were reported. Significant correlations were found between the number of steps (step activity monitor) and the percentage of locomotion (DynaPort) (r=0.95), between the number of steps and the physical activity index (DynaPort) (r=0.71) and between the physical activity index and the percentage of locomotion (r=0.76). Wilcoxon-tests between the first and second measurement of each subject did not reveal significant differences but correlation coefficients were poor (r=0.16-0.36).
CONCLUSIONS: After one day of simultaneously wearing both devices, the percentage of locomotion can be obtained using only the step activity monitor for additional days. Poor correlations between the first and the second measurements of each subject underline the necessity to record further days to acquire the level of human physical activity.	Brandes, Mirko
Rosenbaum, Dieter		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=14659936http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:14659936&id=doi:&issn=0268-0033&volume=19&issue=1&spage=91&pages=91-4&date=2004&title=Clinical+Biomechanics&atitle=Correlations+between+the+step+activity+monitor+and+the+DynaPort+ADL-monitor.&aulast=Brandes&pid=%3Cauthor%3EBrandes+M%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E14659936%3C%2FAN%3E		Movement Analysis Lab, Orthopaedic Department, University Hospital Muenster, Munster 48149, Germany. mib@uni-muenster.de						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

R. Brion, F. Carré, J. Verdier, P. Poncelet, H. Douard, E. Page, R. Amoretti, J. Gauthier, A. Ducardonnet, V. Gressin and A. Dubanchet	2000	Comparative effects of bisoprolol and nitrendipine on exercise capacity in hypertensive patients with regular physical activity		Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology			35		1	78-83						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Comparative effects of bisoprolol and nitrendipine on exercise capacity in hypertensive patients with regular physical activity								Pubmed 10630736						CN-00265761				The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of administering bisoprolol compared with nitrendipine on the duration of the exercise tolerated by male and female patients, aged 18-65 years, having mild to moderate hypertension and taking regular exercise. In this double-blind, randomized prospective study, 96 patients (85 men and 11 women, 48+/-10 years) formed two groups: 49 in the bisoprolol group, and 47 in the nitrendipine group. After a washout period of 14 days, either 10 mg of bisoprolol or 20 mg of nitrendipine was given daily over a treatment period of 12 weeks. During the treatment period, the stability of the physical training was monitored weekly by using a questionnaire. The results of two maximal triangular exercise tolerance tests (ETTs) on an ergometric bicycle performed at D0 under placebo and at D84 under active treatment were compared. No statistical difference was observed between both groups, concerning age, gender, morphologic characteristics, resting cardiovascular parameters, or physical training. Both groups maintained the same training level throughout the study. No significant differences between the groups were noted for duration of ETT [D0 892+/-284 s, D84, 919+/-267 s (NS) vs. D0 929+/-290 s, D84 904+/-324 s (NS)], or maximal work load [D0 190+/-49 W, D84 197+/-48 W (NS) vs. D0 198+/-49 W, D84 196+/-55 W (NS)]. On the other hand, both groups differed in maximal systolic blood pressure [D0 239+/-24 mm Hg, D84 215+/-22 mm Hg (p<0.001) vs. D0 237+/-24 mm Hg, D84 222+/-27 mm Hg (p<0.05)] (p = 0.05), and maximal pulse rate during exercise [141+/-18 vs. 163+/-17] (p<0.001), albeit not in maximal diastolic blood pressure [D0 113+/-13 mm Hg, D84 106+/-17 mm Hg (p<0.05) vs. D0 112+/-13 mm Hg, D84 104+/-15 mm Hg (p<0.05)]. The patient's own perception of the maximal effort (Borg scale) was not significantly different in either of the groups (placebo vs. treatment). Overall, in a population of hypertensive patients taking regular exercise, long-term treatment with bisoprolol produced no significant changes in the duration of peak effort, maximal workload, or the effort perceived by the patients themselves. The effects of regular exercise were comparable in both groups (bisoprolol or nitrendipine). Because previous studies have shown that dihydropyridines do not modify exercise performance in hypertensive patients, it may be concluded that the antihypertensive therapy with bisoprolol is well tolerated in a population of active hypertensive patients during dynamic exercise.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/761/CN-00265761/frame.html										
I. Brito-Ashurst, L. Perry, T. Sanders, J. Thomas, H. Dobbie, M. Varagunam and M. Yaqoob	2013	The role of salt intake and salt sensitivity in the management of hypertension in South Asian people with chronic kidney disease: a randomised controlled trial		Heart (British Cardiac Society)			99		17	1256-60						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The role of salt intake and salt sensitivity in the management of hypertension in South Asian people with chronic kidney disease: a randomised controlled trial								Pubmed 23766446						CN-00870882				BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of salt restriction to lower blood pressure (BP) in Bangladeshi patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that a tailored intervention intended to reduce salt intake in addition to standard care will achieve a greater reduction in BP in UK Bangladeshi patients with CKD than standard care alone. DESIGN: A randomised parallel-group controlled trial conducted over a 6 month period. SETTING: A tertiary renal unit based in acute care hospital in East London. PARTICIPANTS: 56 adult participants of Bangladeshi origin with CKD and BP >130/80 mm Hg or on antihypertensive medication. INTERVENTION: Participants were randomly allocated to receive a tailored low-salt diet or the standard low-salt advice. BP medication, physical activity and weight were monitored. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was change in ambulatory BP. Adherence to dietary advice was assessed by measurement of 24 h urinary salt excretion. RESULTS: Of 56 participants randomised, six withdrew at the start of the study. During the study, one intervention group participant died, one control group participant moved to Bangladesh. Data were available for the primary endpoint on 48 participants. Compared with control group the intervention urinary sodium excretion fell from 260 mmol/d to 103 mmol/d (-131 to -76, p<0.001) at 6 months and resulted in mean (95% CI) falls in 24 h systolic/diastolic BP of -8 mm Hg (-11 to -5)/2 (-4 to -2) both p<0.001. CONCLUSIONS: A tailored intervention can achieve moderate salt restriction in patients with CKD, resulting in clinically meaningful falls in BP independent of hypertensive medication. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00702312.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/882/CN-00870882/frame.html										
L. Brito-Ashurst, L. Perry, T. Sanders, J. Thomas, H. Dobbie, M. Varagunam and M. Yaqoob	2013	The role of salt intake and salt sensitivity in the management of hypertension in South Asian people with chronic kidney disease: A randomized controlled trial		Heart (British Cardiac Society)			99		17	1256-60						Journal: Article		The role of salt intake and salt sensitivity in the management of hypertension in South Asian people with chronic kidney disease: A randomized controlled trial														CN-00918663				Background The effectiveness of salt restriction to lower blood pressure (BP) in Bangladeshi patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is uncertain. Objective To test the hypothesis that a tailored intervention intended to reduce salt intake in addition to standard care will achieve a greater reduction in BP in UK Bangladeshi patients with CKD than standard care alone. Design A randomised parallel-group controlled trial conducted over a 6 month period. Setting A tertiary renal unit based in acute care hospital in East London. Participants 56 adult participants of Bangladeshi origin with CKD and BP >130/80 mm Hg or on antihypertensive medication. Intervention Participants were randomly allocated to receive a tailored low-salt diet or the standard low-salt advice. BP medication, physical activity and weight were monitored. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was change in ambulatory BP. Adherence to dietary advice was assessed by measurement of 24 h urinary salt excretion. Results Of 56 participants randomised, six withdrew at the start of the study. During the study, one intervention group participant died, one control group participant moved to Bangladesh. Data were available for the primary endpoint on 48 participants. Compared with control group the intervention urinary sodium excretion fell from 260 mmol/d to 103 mmol/d (131 to 76, p<0.001) at 6 months and resulted in mean (95% CI) falls in 24 h systolic/diastolic BP of 8 mm Hg (11 to 5)/2 (?4 to 2) both p<0.001. Conclusions A tailored intervention can achieve moderate salt restriction in patients with CKD, resulting in clinically meaningful falls in BP independent of hypertensive medication.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/663/CN-00918663/frame.html										
K. Broekhuizen, M. Poppel, L. Koppes, J. Brug and W. Mechelen	2010	A tailored lifestyle intervention to reduce the cardiovascular disease risk of individuals with Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH): design of the PRO-FIT randomised controlled trial		BMC public health			10			69						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		A tailored lifestyle intervention to reduce the cardiovascular disease risk of individuals with Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH): design of the PRO-FIT randomised controlled trial								Pubmed 20156339						CN-00771952				BACKGROUND: Because of a high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in people with Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH), early prevention of cardiovascular disease is important for health gain and cost reduction. This project focuses on the development and evaluation of an innovative intervention aiming to reduce CVD risk by promoting a healthy lifestyle among people with FH. METHODS: This project is designed as a randomised controlled trial in which individuals with FH will be assigned randomly to a control or intervention group. In the intervention group (n = 200), participants will receive a personalized intervention which is a combination of web-based tailored lifestyle advice and personal counselling by a lifestyle coach. The control group (n = 200) will receive care as usual. Primary outcomes are biological indicators of CVD risk: systolic blood pressure, glucose, BMI, waist circumference and lipids (triglycerides, total, LDL and HDL cholesterol). Secondary outcomes are: healthy lifestyle behaviour (with regard to smoking, physical activity, dietary pattern and compliance to statin therapy) and psychological correlates and determinants of healthy lifestyle behaviour (knowledge, attitude, risk perception, social influence, self-efficacy, cues to action, intention and autonomy). Measurement will take place at baseline, and at 3 and 12 months after randomisation. Additionally, a throughout process-evaluation will be conducted to assess and monitor intervention implementation during the trial. DISCUSSION: Results of the PRO-FIT project will provide information about the effects and implementation of a healthy lifestyle intervention for individuals with FH. Our experiences with this intervention will be indicative about the suitability, feasibility and benefits of this approach for future interventions in other high-risk groups, such as Familial Combined Hypercholesterolemia (FCH) and diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NTR1899.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/952/CN-00771952/frame.html										
R. Brosseau, M. Juneau, A. Sirard, A. Savard, C. Marchand, M.-H. Boudreau, S. Bradley and L. Bleau	1995	Safety and feasibility of a self monitored, home-based phase II exercise program for high risk patients after cardiac surgery. <ORIGINAL> LA SECURITE D'UN ENTRAINEMENT A DOMICILE EN PHASE II APRES UNE CHIRURGIE CARDIAQUE POUR LES PATIENTS A HAUT RISQUE		Canadian journal of cardiology			11		8	675-85								Safety and feasibility of a self monitored, home-based phase II exercise program for high risk patients after cardiac surgery. <ORIGINAL> LA SECURITE D'UN ENTRAINEMENT A DOMICILE EN PHASE II APRES UNE CHIRURGIE CARDIAQUE POUR LES PATIENTS A HAUT RISQUE														CN-00182647				OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and effectiveness of a self-monitored, home-based phase II exercise program for high risk patients after cardiac surgery. METHODS: High risk patients were defined as those presenting with severe left ventricular dysfunction with an ejection fraction less than 35%, severe ventricular arrhythmias, incomplete revascularization, abnormal response to a standard walking test or significant (grade 3/4) valvular regurgitation persisting postoperatively. Eighty patients (mean age 58.5plus or minus8.9 years) were randomly assigned two groups. The experimental group (n=37) received a home program of aerobic training with an intensify gradually increasing from 1.5 to 4.0 multiples of resting oxygen consumption (METs). This program was started at discharge from the hospital and lasted eight weeks. The control group (n=43) received general guidelines for progressive increase of their activity level. Functional capacity was at discharge by the 6 min walking test and between the sixth and eighth week following discharge by a symptom-limited exercise test, according to the Naughton protocol. RESULTS: No cardiovascular complications occurred during the training program. At the final evaluation, there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups regarding aerobic capacity (5.1plus or minus1.8 versus 4.9plus or minus1.6 METs respectively, P=0.61), nor peak rate-pressure product (22.8plus or minus4.9 versus 23.6plus or minus5.2 beats/min x mmHg x 103 respectively, P=0.54). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate the feasibility and safety of a self-monitored, home-base exercise program for high risk patients after cardiac surgery. The low training might explain the absence of a significant difference between the groups. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B. V., Amsterdam. All Rights Reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/647/CN-00182647/frame.html										
R. Brosseau, M. Juneau, A. Sirard, A. Savard, C. Marchand, M. Boudreau, S. Bradley and L. Bleau	1995	Safety and feasibility of a self-monitored, home-based phase II exercise program for high risk patients after cardiac surgery		Canadian journal of cardiology			11		8	675-85						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review		Safety and feasibility of a self-monitored, home-based phase II exercise program for high risk patients after cardiac surgery								Pubmed 7671177						CN-00118083				OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and effectiveness of a self-monitored, home-based phase II exercise program for high risk patients after cardiac surgery. METHODS: High risk patients were defined as those presenting with severe left ventricular dysfunction with an ejection fraction less than 35%, severe ventricular arrhythmias, incomplete revascularization, abnormal response to a standard walking test or significant (grade 3/4) valvular regurgitation persisting postoperatively. Eighty patients (mean age 58.5 +/- 8.9 years) were randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group (n = 37) received a home program of aerobic training with an intensity gradually increasing from 1.5 to 4.0 multiples of resting oxygen consumption (METs). This program was started at discharge from the hospital and lasted eight weeks. The control group (n = 43) received general guidelines for progressive increase of their activity level. Functional capacity was measured at discharge by the 6 min walking test and between the sixth and eighth week following discharge by a symptom-limited exercise test, according to the Naughton protocol. RESULTS: No cardiovascular complications occurred during the training program. At the final evaluation, there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups regarding aerobic capacity (5.1 +/- 1.8 versus 4.9 +/- 1.6 METs respectively, P = 0.61), nor peak rate-pressure product (22.8 +/- 4.9 versus 23.6 +/- 5.2 beats/min x mmHg x 10(3) respectively, P = 0.54).			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/083/CN-00118083/frame.html										
C. Brouillard, V. Pepin, J. Milot, Y. Lacasse and F. Maltais	2008	Endurance shuttle walking test: responsiveness to salmeterol in COPD		The European respiratory journal			31		3	579-84						Randomized Controlled Trial		Endurance shuttle walking test: responsiveness to salmeterol in COPD								Pubmed 18057052						CN-00628646				Few studies have shown that the endurance shuttle walking test (ESWT) is responsive to treatment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This exercise test needs to be further investigated because of its relevance for activity of daily living. The aim of the present study was to evaluate, in patients with COPD, the responsiveness of the ESWT in detecting improvement in walking performance after a single dose of salmeterol. In a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, 20 patients with COPD performed two ESWT at 80% of peak capacity 2.5 h after inhaling either a placebo or 50 microg of salmeterol. Cardiorespiratory parameters were monitored during each walking test. Inspiratory capacities and Borg ratings for dyspnoea were obtained every other minute throughout the tests. Compared with placebo, salmeterol produced a significant change in lung function and a significant improvement in walking performance (mean+/-sd difference in time: 117+/-20 s; difference in distance: 160+/-277 m). At isotime (the latest exercise time that was reached on both ESWT), a significant reduction in dyspnoea was observed after bronchodilation. Bronchodilation with salmeterol reduced dyspnoea during walking and improved walking capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These findings provide further support for the use of the endurance shuttle walking test as an evaluative tool in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/646/CN-00628646/frame.html										
D. Brown, J. Barton, J. Pretty and V. Gladwell	2012	Walks4work: rationale and study design to investigate walking at lunchtime in the workplace setting		BMC public health			12			550						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Walks4work: rationale and study design to investigate walking at lunchtime in the workplace setting								Pubmed 22830646						CN-00839741				BACKGROUND: Following recruitment of a private sector company, an 8 week lunchtime walking intervention was implemented to examine the effect of the intervention on modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors, and further to see if walking environment had any further effect on the cardiovascular disease risk factors. METHODS: For phase 1 of the study participants were divided into three groups, two lunchtime walking intervention groups to walk around either an urban or natural environment twice a week during their lunch break over an 8 week period. The third group was a waiting-list control who would be invited to join the walking groups after phase 1. In phase 2 all participants were encouraged to walk during their lunch break on self-selecting routes. Health checks were completed at baseline, end of phase 1 and end of phase 2 in order to measure the impact of the intervention on cardiovascular disease risk. The primary outcome variables of heart rate and heart rate variability were measured to assess autonomic function associated with cardiovascular disease. Secondary outcome variables (Body mass index, blood pressure, fitness, autonomic response to a stressor) related to cardiovascular disease were also measured. The efficacy of the intervention in increasing physical activity was objectively monitored throughout the 8-weeks using an accelerometer device. DISCUSSION: The results of this study will help in developing interventions with low researcher input with high participant output that may be implemented in the workplace. If effective, this study will highlight the contribution that natural environments can make in the reduction of modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors within the workplace			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/741/CN-00839741/frame.html										
A. Bucko, B. Hunt, S. Kidd and R. Hom	2002	Randomized, double-blind, multicenter comparison of oral cefditoren 200 or 400 mg BID with either cefuroxime 250 mg BID or cefadroxil 500 mg BID for the treatment of uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections		Clinical therapeutics			24		7	1134-47						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Randomized, double-blind, multicenter comparison of oral cefditoren 200 or 400 mg BID with either cefuroxime 250 mg BID or cefadroxil 500 mg BID for the treatment of uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections								Pubmed 12182257						CN-00409538				BACKGROUND: Uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections are commonly observed in medical practice. Because these infections typically are confined to the superficial layers and seldom lead to the destruction of skin structures and resultant systemic dissemination, in general they can be treated with an oral antibiotic with potent microbiologic activity against gram-positive pathogens. OBJECTIVE: This paper compares the efficacy and tolerability of 3 beta-lactam antibiotics in patients with uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections. METHODS: Two double-blind, multicenter, parallel-group studies were conducted, in which patients aged > or = 12 years with uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections were randomized to receive cefditoren 200 or 400 mg, cefuroxime 250 mg, or cefadroxil 500 mg, each BID for 10 days. Study 1 compared cefditoren with cefuroxime; Study 2 compared cefditoren with cefadroxil. Clinical and microbiologic responses were assessed at a posttreatment visit (within 48 hours of treatment completion) and test-of-cure visit (7-14 days after treatment completion). Patients were monitored closely throughout the study with the use of physical examinations, clinical laboratory tests, and assessment of adverse events. RESULTS: A total of 1,685 patients (855 males, 830 females; mean age, 41.1 years [range, 12-95 years]) were enrolled. Within both studies, the 3 treatment groups were similar at baseline based on demographic characteristics and types of infection. Cellulitis (26%), wound infection (25%), and simple abscess (15%) were the most common infections. Clinical cure rates at the test-of-cure visit were 85% (443/523) for cefditoren 200 mg, 83% (427/516) for cefditoren 400 mg, 88% (234/265) for cefuroxime, and 85% (211/248) for cefadroxil. At the test-of-cure visit, cefditoren 200 mg had eradicated significantly fewer of the causative pathogens isolated before treatment in microbiologically evaluable patients than did cefuroxime in Study 1 (P = 0.043) but significantly more of the pathogens than did cefadroxil in Study 2 (P = 0.018). Eradication rates for the most commonly isolated pathogens were generally similar in the 3 treatment groups in both studies, with the only significant difference favoring cefditoren 200 and 400 mg over cefadroxil for Peptostreptococcus species in Study 2 (P = 0.016 and P = 0.003, respectively). A minority of patients (< or = 5% in any treatment group) discontinued study-drug treatment prematurely due to a treatment-related adverse event, with statistically higher rates for cefditoren 400 mg than for cefditoren 200 mg and the comparator cephalosporins (each P < 0.05). All 3 cephalosporins were generally well tolerated. Most adverse events (>93%) were categorized as mild to moderate, with the most common being diarrhea, nausea, and headache. CONCLUSION: In this population of patients with uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections, including those due to Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes, the clinical cure rate and tolerability of cefditoren were comparable to those of cefuroxime and cefadroxil.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/538/CN-00409538/frame.html										
L. M. Buffart, M. E. Roebroeck, M. Rol, H. J. Stam and R. J. van den Berg-Emons	2008	Triad of physical activity, aerobic fitness and obesity in adolescents and young adults with myelomeningocele		Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine (Stiftelsen Rehabiliteringsinformation)			40		1	70-75								Triad of physical activity, aerobic fitness and obesity in adolescents and young adults with myelomeningocele		1650-1977												2009807169. Corporate Author: Transition Research Group South-West Netherlands. Language: English. Entry Date: 20081121. Revision Date: 20140523. Publication Type: journal article				OBJECTIVE: Comprehensively and objectively assess physical activity, aerobic fitness and body fat in adolescents and young adults with myelomeningocele and to investigate their relationships. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: Fifty-one persons (26 males) with myelomeningocele aged 21.1 (standard deviation) 4.5) years. METHODS: Physical activity was measured with an accelerometry-based activity monitor. Aerobic fitness was defined as the maximum oxygen uptake during the last minute of a maximal exercise test. Body fat was assessed using sum of 4 skin-folds and body mass index. Correlations were studied using multiple regression analyses. RESULTS: Thirty-nine percent of the participants were inactive and another 37% were extremely inactive. Aerobic fitness was 42% lower than normative values and 35% were obese. Ambulatory status was related to daily physical activity (beta = 0.541), aerobic fitness (beta = 0.397) and body fat (beta = -0.243). Gender was related to aerobic fitness (beta = -0.529) and body fat (beta = 0.610). Physical activity was related to aerobic fitness in non-ambulatory persons with myelomeningocele (beta = 0.398), but not in ambulatory persons. CONCLUSION: Adolescents and young adults with myelomeningocele were physically inactive, had poor aerobic fitness and high body fat. Differences exist between subgroups regarding gender and ambulatory status.	research. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Continental Europe; Europe; Peer Reviewed. Special Interest: Physical Therapy. No. of Refs: 38 ref. NLM UID: 101088169.
PMID: 18176740		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2009807169&site=ehost-live		Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. l.buffart@erasmusmc.nl						rzh	EBSCOhost	
L. M. Buffart, M. E. Roebroeck, M. Rol, H. J. Stam, R. J. van den Berg-Emons and N. Transition Research Group South-West	2008	Triad of physical activity, aerobic fitness and obesity in adolescents and young adults with myelomeningocele		Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine			40		1	70-5					Jan	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Triad of physical activity, aerobic fitness and obesity in adolescents and young adults with myelomeningocele	J Rehabil Med	1650-1977												18176740				OBJECTIVE: Comprehensively and objectively assess physical activity, aerobic fitness and body fat in adolescents and young adults with myelomeningocele and to investigate their relationships.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.
SUBJECTS: Fifty-one persons (26 males) with myelomeningocele aged 21.1 (standard deviation) 4.5) years.
METHODS: Physical activity was measured with an accelerometry-based activity monitor. Aerobic fitness was defined as the maximum oxygen uptake during the last minute of a maximal exercise test. Body fat was assessed using sum of 4 skin-folds and body mass index. Correlations were studied using multiple regression analyses.
RESULTS: Thirty-nine percent of the participants were inactive and another 37% were extremely inactive. Aerobic fitness was 42% lower than normative values and 35% were obese. Ambulatory status was related to daily physical activity (beta = 0.541), aerobic fitness (beta = 0.397) and body fat (beta = -0.243). Gender was related to aerobic fitness (beta = -0.529) and body fat (beta = 0.610). Physical activity was related to aerobic fitness in non-ambulatory persons with myelomeningocele (beta = 0.398), but not in ambulatory persons.
CONCLUSION: Adolescents and young adults with myelomeningocele were physically inactive, had poor aerobic fitness and high body fat. Differences exist between subgroups regarding gender and ambulatory status.	Buffart, Laurien M
Roebroeck, Marij E
Rol, Mathilde
Stam, Henk J
van den Berg-Emons, Rita J G
Transition Research Group South-West Netherlands		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18176740http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:18176740&id=doi:10.2340%2F16501977-0135&issn=1650-1977&volume=40&issue=1&spage=70&pages=70-5&date=2008&title=Journal+of+Rehabilitation+Medicine&atitle=Triad+of+physical+activity%2C+aerobic+fitness+and+obesity+in+adolescents+and+young+adults+with+myelomeningocele.&aulast=Buffart&pid=%3Cauthor%3EBuffart+LM%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E18176740%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. l.buffart@erasmusmc.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

L. M. Buffart, R. J. van den Berg-Emons, J. van Meeteren, H. J. Stam and M. E. Roebroeck	2009	Lifestyle, participation, and health-related quality of life in adolescents and young adults with myelomeningocele		Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology			51		11	886-94					Nov	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Lifestyle, participation, and health-related quality of life in adolescents and young adults with myelomeningocele	Dev Med Child Neurol	1469-8749												19416327				This study aimed to describe participation and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescents and young adults with myelomeningocele and to explore their relationships with lifestyle-related factors. Fifty-one individuals with a mean age of 21 years 1 month (SD 4y 6mo) years participated (26 males, 25 females; 82% hydrocephalus, 55% wheelchair-dependent). Participation was assessed using the Life Habits Questionnaire, and HRQoL was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-form Health Survey. Physical activity was measured using an accelerometry-based activity monitor, fitness (peak oxygen uptake) was measured during a maximal exercise test, and the sum of four skin-folds was assessed to indicate body fat. Relationships were studied using logistic regression analyses. Of the participants, 63% had difficulties in daily activities and 59% in social roles. Participants perceived lower physical HRQoL than a Dutch reference population. Participants with higher levels of physical activity and fitness had fewer difficulties in participating in daily activities (odds ratio [OR]=8.8, p=0.02 and OR=29.7, p=0.02 respectively) and a higher physical HRQoL (OR=4.8, p=0.02 and OR=30.2, p=0.006 respectively), but not mental HRQoL. Body fat was not related to participation or HRQoL. In conclusion, a large proportion of individuals with myelomeningocele had difficulties in participation and perceived low physical HRQoL. Higher levels of physical activity and fitness were related to fewer difficulties in participation and higher physical HRQoL.	Buffart, Laurien M
van den Berg-Emons, Rita J G
van Meeteren, Jetty
Stam, Henk J
Roebroeck, Marij E		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19416327http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19416327&id=doi:10.1111%2Fj.1469-8749.2009.03293.x&issn=0012-1622&volume=51&issue=11&spage=886&pages=886-94&date=2009&title=Developmental+Medicine+%26+Child+Neurology&atitle=Lifestyle%2C+participation%2C+and+health-related+quality+of+life+in+adolescents+and+young+adults+with+myelomeningocele.&aulast=Buffart&pid=%3Cauthor%3EBuffart+LM%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19416327%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. l.buffart@erasmusmc.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

R. Bugiardini, A. Borghi, L. Biagetti and P. Puddu	1989	Comparison of verapamil versus propranolol therapy in syndrome X		American journal of cardiology			63		5	286-90						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Comparison of verapamil versus propranolol therapy in syndrome X								Pubmed 2643845						CN-00057637				The effects of oral verapamil, 320 mg daily, propranolol, 120 to 160 mg daily, and placebo were compared in 16 patients presenting with transient myocardial ischemia without evidence of coronary atherosclerosis or vasospasm on angiography (syndrome X). Testing was done according to a randomized double-blind crossover placebo-controlled trial consisting of 3 consecutive 7-day treatment periods with verapamil or propranolol or placebo. Patients underwent continuous 48-hour electrocardiographic monitoring before therapy (run-in phase) and during the last 2 days of each treatment period. A total of 391 episodes of diagnostic (greater than or equal to 0.15 mV) ST depression was recorded during the trial. Of these, 23 were symptomatic. None of the episodes occurred while the patients were asleep, 25% during exercise, 35% during minimal physical activity and 40% at rest. Rest included activities demanding mental arousal (conversation, reading or watching television). Heart rate at the onset of ST depression was higher (greater than or equal to 10 beats/min) than that observed in the 5 minutes preceding ischemia in 95% of the episodes. In the group as a whole, the average number of ischemic episodes per 24 hours was significantly reduced during propranolol therapy compared with placebo (0.7 +/- 0.6 vs 3.9 +/- 1.8; p less than 0.0005). No significant differences were seen during verapamil treatment (3.4 +/- 1.7 vs 3.9 +/- 1.8). It is concluded that transient myocardial ischemia in syndrome X is mostly precipitated by an increase in oxygen consumption, presumably due to a heightened sympathetic activity. Accordingly, beta blockers may represent the first line of treatment.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/637/CN-00057637/frame.html										
M. Buman, P. Giacobbi, J. Dzierzewski, M. A. Aiken, C. McCrae, B. Roberts and M. Marsiske	2011	Peer volunteers improve long-term maintenance of physical activity with older adults: a randomized controlled trial		Journal of physical activity & health			8 Suppl 2			S257-66						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Validation Studies		Peer volunteers improve long-term maintenance of physical activity with older adults: a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 21918240						CN-00805730				BACKGROUND: Using peer volunteers as delivery agents may improve translation of evidence-based physical activity promotion programs for older adults. This study examined whether tailored support from older peer volunteers could improve initiation and long-term maintenance of physical activity behavior. METHODS: Participants were randomized to 2 16-week, group-based programs: (1) peer-delivered, theory-based support for physical activity behavior change; or (2) an intervention typically available in community settings (basic education, gym membership, and pedometer for self-monitoring), attention-matched with health education. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was assessed via daily self-report logs at baseline, at the end of the intervention (16 weeks), and at follow-up (18 months), with accelerometry validation (RT3) in a random subsample. RESULTS: Seven peer volunteers and 81 sedentary adults were recruited. Retention at the end of the trial was 85% and follow-up at 18 months was 61%. Using intent-to-treat analyses, at 16 weeks, both groups had similar significant improvements in MVPA. At 18 months, the group supplemented with peer support had significantly more MVPA. CONCLUSIONS: Trained peer volunteers may enhance long-term maintenance of physical activity gains from a community-based intervention. This approach has great potential to be adapted and delivered inexpensively in community settings.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/730/CN-00805730/frame.html										
A. Bundy, G. Naughton, P. Tranter, S. Wyver, L. Baur, W. Schiller, A. Bauman, L. Engelen, J. Ragen, T. Luckett, A. Niehues, G. Stewart, G. Jessup and J. Brentnall	2011	The Sydney playground project: popping the bubblewrap--unleashing the power of play: a cluster randomized controlled trial of a primary school playground-based intervention aiming to increase children's physical activity and social skills		BMC public health			11			680						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The Sydney playground project: popping the bubblewrap--unleashing the power of play: a cluster randomized controlled trial of a primary school playground-based intervention aiming to increase children's physical activity and social skills								Pubmed 21884603						CN-00806111				BACKGROUND: In the Westernised world, numerous children are overweight and have problems with bullying and mental health. One of the underlying causes for all three is postulated to be a decrease in outdoor free play. The aim of the Sydney Playground Project is to demonstrate the effectiveness of two simple interventions aimed to increase children's physical activity and social skills. METHODS/DESIGN: This study protocol describes the design of a 3-year cluster randomised controlled trial (CRCT), in which schools are the clusters. The study consists of a 13-week intervention and 1 week each of pre-and post-testing. We are recruiting 12 schools (6 control; 6 intervention), with 18 randomly chosen participants aged 5 to 7 years in each school. The two intervention strategies are: (1) Child-based intervention: Unstructured materials with no obvious play value introduced to the playground; and (2) Adult-based intervention: Risk reframing sessions held with parents and teachers with the aim of exploring the benefits of allowing children to engage in activities with uncertain outcomes. The primary outcome of the study, physical activity as measured by accelerometer counts, is assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Additional assessments include social skills and interactions, self-concept, after school time use and anthropometric data. Qualitative data (i.e., transcriptions of audio recordings from the risk reframing sessions and of interviews with selected teacher and parent volunteers) are analysed to understand their perceptions of risk in play. The control schools have recess as usual. In addition to outcome evaluation, regular process evaluation sessions are held to monitor fidelity to the treatment. DISCUSSION: These simple interventions, which could be adopted in every primary school, have the potential of initiating a self-sustaining cycle of prevention for childhood obesity, bullying and mental ill health. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registration Number ACTRN12611000089932.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/111/CN-00806111/frame.html										
P. Bung, R. Artal and N. Khodiguian	1993	[Regular exercise therapy in disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy--results of a prospective, randomized longitudinal study]		Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde			53		3	188-93						Clinical Trial; English Abstract; Randomized Controlled Trial		[Regular exercise therapy in disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy--results of a prospective, randomized longitudinal study]								Pubmed 8467987						CN-00092316				Regular exercise has long been known as an adjunct in the therapy of diabetes mellitus. There are, however, only few reports on the impact of this therapy during pregnancy. This study aims at presenting an exercise programme for patients with insulin-requiring gestational diabetes (GDM) and its short-term and long-term effects on carbohydrate metabolism, on the foetus and on the course of pregnancy. Between the 26th and 32nd week of gestation, 41 pregnant subjects were randomised into either an exercise and diet group (EXE) or an Insulin and diet group (INS). The EXE patients (N = 21) trained three times per week at 50% VO2max. For 3 x 15 minutes on a recumbent bicycle ergometer throughout pregnancy with blood glucose monitoring before and after exercise). Blood glucose metabolism was followed by daily home monitoring and weekly fasting blood glucose sampling (FBG). The FBG results were comparable in the study and the control group (< 105 mg/dl); the maternal and foetal complications did not differ significantly between the two groups. The glycaemic parameters indicate a persistent decrease in blood glucose and an increase in insulin sensitivity induced by regular physical activity. We conclude, that such a medically supervised exercise programme can be safely conducted in women with GDM resulting in normoglycaemia for the mother and thus preventing insulin therapy.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/316/CN-00092316/frame.html										
L. Burke, M. Conroy, S. Sereika, O. Elci, M. Styn, S. Acharya, M. Sevick, L. Ewing and K. Glanz	2011	The effect of electronic self-monitoring on weight loss and dietary intake: a randomized behavioral weight loss trial		Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)			19		2	338-44						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		The effect of electronic self-monitoring on weight loss and dietary intake: a randomized behavioral weight loss trial								Pubmed 20847736						CN-00780749				Technology may improve self-monitoring adherence and dietary changes in weight loss treatment. Our study aimed to investigate whether using a personal digital assistant (PDA) with dietary and exercise software, with and without a feedback message, compared to using a paper diary/record (PR), results in greater weight loss and improved self-monitoring adherence. Healthy adults (N = 210) with a mean BMI of 34.01 kg/m(2) were randomized to one of three self-monitoring approaches: PR (n = 72), PDA with self-monitoring software (n = 68), or PDA with self-monitoring software and daily feedback messages (PDA+FB, n = 70). All participants received standard behavioral treatment. Self-monitoring adherence and change in body weight, waist circumference, and diet were assessed at 6 months; retention was 91%. All participants had a significant weight loss (P < 0.01) but weight loss did not differ among groups. A higher proportion of PDA+FB participants (63%) achieved ? 5% weight loss in comparison to the PR group (46%) (P < 0.05) and PDA group (49%) (P = 0.09). Median percent self-monitoring adherence over the 6 months was higher in the PDA groups (PDA 80%; PDA+FB 90%) than in the PR group (55%) (P < 0.01). Waist circumference decreased more in the PDA groups than the PR group (P = 0.02). Similarly, the PDA groups reduced energy and saturated fat intake more than the PR group (P < 0.05). Self-monitoring adherence was greater in the PDA groups with the greatest weight change observed in the PDA+FB group.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/749/CN-00780749/frame.html										
L. Burke, M. Styn, K. Glanz, L. Ewing, O. Elci, M. Conroy, S. Sereika, S. Acharya, E. Music, A. Keating and M. Sevick	2009	SMART trial: A randomized clinical trial of self-monitoring in behavioral weight management-design and baseline findings		Contemporary clinical trials			30		6	540-51						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		SMART trial: A randomized clinical trial of self-monitoring in behavioral weight management-design and baseline findings								Pubmed 19665588						CN-00733355				BACKGROUND: The primary form of treatment for obesity today is behavioral therapy. Self-monitoring diet and physical activity plays an important role in interventions targeting behavior and weight change. The SMART weight loss trial examined the impact of replacing the standard paper record used for self-monitoring with a personal digital assistant (PDA). This paper describes the design, methods, intervention, and baseline sample characteristics of the SMART trial. METHODS: The SMART trial used a 3-group design to determine the effects of different modes of self-monitoring on short- and long-term weight loss and on adherence to self-monitoring in a 24-month intervention. Participants were randomized to one of three conditions (1) use of a standard paper record (PR); (2) use of a PDA with dietary and physical activity software (PDA); or (3), use of a PDA with the same software plus a customized feedback program (PDA + FB). RESULTS: We screened 704 individuals and randomized 210. There were statistically but not clinically significant differences among the three cohorts in age, education, HDL cholesterol, blood glucose and systolic blood pressure. At 24 months, retention rate for the first of three cohorts was 90%. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, the SMART trial is the first large study to compare different methods of self-monitoring in a behavioral weight loss intervention and to compare the use of PDAs to conventional paper records. This study has the potential to reveal significant details about self-monitoring patterns and whether technology can improve adherence to this vital intervention component.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/355/CN-00733355/frame.html										
L. Burke, M. Styn, S. Sereika, M. Conroy, L. Ye, K. Glanz, M. Sevick and L. Ewing	2012	Using mHealth technology to enhance self-monitoring for weight loss: a randomized trial		American journal of preventive medicine			43		1	20-6						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Using mHealth technology to enhance self-monitoring for weight loss: a randomized trial								Pubmed 22704741						CN-00840310				BACKGROUND: Self-monitoring for weight loss has traditionally been performed with paper diaries. Technologic advances could reduce the burden of self-monitoring and provide feedback to enhance adherence. PURPOSE: To determine if self-monitoring diet using a PDA only or the PDA with daily tailored feedback (PDA+feedback [FB]), was superior to using a paper diary on weight loss and maintenance. DESIGN: The Self-Monitoring and Recording Using Technology (SMART) Trial was a 24-month randomized clinical trial; participants were randomly assigned to one of three self-monitoring groups. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: From 2006 to 2008, a total of 210 overweight/obese adults (84.8% female, 78.1% white) were recruited from the community. Data were analyzed in 2011. INTERVENTION: Participants received standard behavioral treatment for weight loss that included dietary and physical activity goals, encouraged the use of self-monitoring, and was delivered in group sessions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Percentage weight change at 24 months, adherence to self-monitoring over time. RESULTS: Study retention was 85.6%. The mean percentage weight loss at 24 months was not different among groups (paper diary: -1.94%, 95% CI = -3.88, 0.01; PDA: -1.38%, 95% CI= -3.38, 0.62; PDA+FB: -2.32%, 95% CI= -4.29, -0.35); only the PDA+FB group (p=0.02) demonstrated a significant loss. For adherence to self-monitoring, there was a time-by-treatment group interaction between the combined PDA groups and the paper diary group (p=0.03) but no difference between PDA and PDA+FB groups (p=0.49). Across all groups, weight loss was greater for those who were adherent ?60% versus <30% of the time (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: PDA+FB use resulted in a small weight loss at 24 months; PDA use resulted in greater adherence to dietary self-monitoring over time. However, for sustained weight loss, adherence to self-monitoring is more important than the method used to self-monitor. A daily feedback message delivered remotely enhanced adherence and improved weight loss, which suggests that technology can play a role in improving weight loss. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov NCT00277771.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/310/CN-00840310/frame.html										
V. Burke, L. Beilin, H. Cutt, J. Mansour, A. Wilson and T. Mori	2005	Effects of a lifestyle programme on ambulatory blood pressure and drug dosage in treated hypertensive patients: a randomized controlled trial		Journal of hypertension			23		6	1241-9						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of a lifestyle programme on ambulatory blood pressure and drug dosage in treated hypertensive patients: a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 15894901						CN-00521922				OBJECTIVE: To assess effects of multifactorial lifestyle modification on antihypertensive drug needs in treated hypertensive individuals. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Research studies unit. PARTICIPANTS: Overweight hypertensive patients, receiving one or two antihypertensive drugs, were recruited by advertising, and allocated randomly to a usual care group (controls; n = 118) or a lifestyle modification group (programme group; n = 123). INTERVENTION: A 4-month programme of weight loss, a low-sodium 'Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension'-type diet with added fish, physical activity and moderation of alcohol intake. After 4 months, if mean 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) was less than 135/85 mmHg, antihypertensive drugs were withdrawn over 4 weeks and long-term home blood pressure monitoring was begun. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Antihypertensive drug requirements, ABP, weight, waist girth at 4 months and 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: Ninety control group and 102 programme group participants completed the study. Mean 24-h ABP changed after 4 months by -1.0/-0.3 +/- 0.5/0.4 mmHg in controls and -4.1/-2.1 +/- 0.7/0.5 mmHg with the lifestyle programme (P < 0.01). At follow-up, changes in the two groups were not significantly different (4.1/1.3 +/- 1.1/1.0 mmHg in controls; 2.5/-0.1 +/- 1.1/0.8 mmHg in the programme group; P = 0.73). At 4 months, drug withdrawal differed significantly between the groups (P = 0.038) in men (control 44%; programme 66%) but not in women (65 and 64%, respectively; P = 0.964). At follow-up, sex-related differences were not significant, and 41% in the control group and 43% in the programme group maintained drug-withdrawal status. With the programme, net weight loss was 3.3 kg (P < 0.001) at 4 months and 3.0 kg (P < 0.001) at follow-up; respective net decreases in waist girth were 3.3 cm (P < 0.001) and 3.5 cm (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A 4-month multifactorial lifestyle modification in patients with treated hypertension reduced blood pressure in the short-term. Decreased central obesity persisted 1 year later and could reduce overall cardiovascular risk.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/922/CN-00521922/frame.html										
V. Burke, N. Giangiulio, H. Gillam, L. Beilin, S. Houghton and R. Milligan	1999	Health promotion in couples adapting to a shared lifestyle		Health education research			14		2	269-88						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Health promotion in couples adapting to a shared lifestyle								Pubmed 10387506						CN-00243989				In a pilot health promotion program for couples, we aimed to build on re-evaluation of attitudes to health occurring early in marriage, and social support provided by partners, to address the weight gain and physical inactivity which may follow marriage. A randomized controlled trial lasting 16 weeks used six modules focusing on nutrition and physical activity but including information about alcohol and smoking. Thirty-four of 39 couples enrolled completed the study. Self-efficacy for diet and physical activity increased significantly in the program group while ranking of barriers to healthy behaviours decreased and ranking of beliefs about the benefits of health behaviours increased relative to controls. Intake of fat, take-away foods and alcohol decreased, and consumption of fruit, vegetables and reduced-fat foods increased significantly in the program group. Physical activity in the program group increased by the equivalent of 50 min of brisk walking weekly but did not differ significantly from controls. Cholesterol fell significantly by 6% more in the program group than controls. In focus groups, participants unanimously found the program valuable. Health promotion programs designed for couples can achieve short-term changes in behaviour and risk factors. Larger trials with longer-term monitoring, incorporating feedback from focus groups and cost-benefit analysis, are in progress.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/989/CN-00243989/frame.html										
M. Burkhammer, B. Lawner and Z. L. Berge	2012	Utilizing technology based learning for disaster preparedness		International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education			8		1	26-34					Jan-Mar	Empirical Study; Quantitative Study; Scientific Simulation		Utilizing technology based learning for disaster preparedness		1550-1876
1550-1337												2012-05990-003				Preparing for disasters can be a grueling, although necessary, exercise for those involved in emergency response. The large scale nature of disaster response poses many obstacles to executing an effective disaster preparedness drill that incorporates hospitals, fire and rescue personnel, and police. Cooperation and effective communication during these incidents is imperative. Simulation technology is a realistic alternative to a large, multi-disciplinary, one-time effort. Each discipline may be able lo practice and reinforce their roles in a disaster with the aid of various emerging technologies. This paper examines some of the technologies already being implemented in the area of disaster preparedness. Technology based learning (TBL) strategies are analyzed for consistency with accepted principles of adult education. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).			http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=psyc7&AN=2012-05990-003http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:PsycINFO+<2011+to+March+Week+4+2013>&genre=article&id=pmid:&id=doi:10.4018/jicte.2012010103&issn=1550-1876&volume=8&issue=1&spage=26&pages=26-34&date=2012&title=International+Journal+of+Information+and+Communication+Technology+Education&atitle=Utilizing+technology+based+learning+for+disaster+preparedness.&aulast=Burkhammer&pid=<author>Burkhammer,+Michele</author>&<AN>2012-05990-003</AN>		Burkhammer, Michele: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, US Lawner, Benjamin: University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US Berge, Zane L.: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, US								English

P. Burkhart and H. Ward	2003	Children's self-reports of characteristics of their asthma episodes		The Journal of asthma			40		8	909-16								Children's self-reports of characteristics of their asthma episodes														CN-00496647				Our purpose was to examine school-age children's self-reports of characteristics of their asthma episodes including the precipitating events, symptoms experienced during the episodes, and interventions used to resolve the episodes. Children's self-reports of their asthma episodes were assessed over a 6-week period for 42 children with persistent asthma who participated in a randomized, controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of an asthma self-management program on adherence to recommended daily peak expiratory flow rate monitoring. Children were instructed to answer the following questions on the Asthma Report Form each time they experienced an asthma episode: 1) What were you doing; 2) How did you feel; and 3) What did you do to help your breathing? Of the children, 71% experienced at least one asthma episode during the 6 weeks. There were a total of 206 episodes. Physical activity (51%) was the most cited trigger, cough alone or combined with other symptoms (84%) was the predominant symptom, and rescue asthma medication (59%) was identified most often as the intervention used by the children to resolve the asthma episode. Children's self-reports provided valuable information about their asthma episodes. The finding that most of the children experienced at least one asthma episode during the 6-week period underscores the importance of family education on how to handle asthma episodes effectively at home. Because physical activity was cited most often as a trigger for asthma episodes, families should receive education on preventive steps for averting an asthma episode prior to the child engaging in physical activity.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/647/CN-00496647/frame.html										
P. Burns, K. Pranikoff, T. Nochajski, E. Hadley, K. Levy and M. Ory	1993	A comparison of effectiveness of biofeedback and pelvic muscle exercise treatment of stress incontinence in older community-dwelling women		Journal of gerontology			48		4	M167-74						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		A comparison of effectiveness of biofeedback and pelvic muscle exercise treatment of stress incontinence in older community-dwelling women								Pubmed 8315230						CN-00094041				BACKGROUND: Research using biofeedback as a treatment for sphincteric incontinence began with Kegel's early studies using a perineometer and pelvic muscle exercises demonstrating a 90% improvement in urine loss symptoms. More recent studies using varying combinations of biofeedback and pelvic muscle exercises found symptom reduction rates of 78% to 90%, but these studies lacked the rigor of a "phase three," or randomized controlled clinical trial. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial assessed the efficacy of biofeedback for older women for treatment of sphincteric incompetence. One hundred thirty-five community-dwelling women were randomized in a single-blind trial to three groups: biofeedback, pelvic muscle exercise, or control. Incontinent episodes were monitored over 8 weeks of treatment and at 3 and 6 months thereafter. RESULTS: The number of incontinent episodes decreased significantly in the biofeedback and pelvic muscle exercise subjects but not in the control subjects for all severity of incontinence frequency subgroups. Improvement was maintained within the moderate and severe symptom subgroups for both treatments for at least 6 months but declined in subjects with mild incontinence frequency. Pelvic muscle activity (EMG) was significantly correlated with decreases in incontinent episodes, and only the biofeedback subjects showed significant improvement in EMGs. CONCLUSIONS: Biofeedback and pelvic muscle exercises are efficacious for sphincteric incompetence in older women. Benefits are maintained and improvement continues for at least 6 months postintervention. These therapies may be useful before considering invasive treatment.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/041/CN-00094041/frame.html										
T. Burns, M. Knapp, J. Catty, A. Healey, J. Henderson, H. Watt and C. Wright	2001	Home treatment for mental health problems: a systematic review		Health Technology Assessment (Winchester, England)			5		15	1-139						Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review		Home treatment for mental health problems: a systematic review	Health Technol Assess	1366-5278												11532236				OBJECTIVE: This review investigates the effectiveness of 'home treatment' for mental health problems in terms of hospitalisation and cost-effectiveness. For the purposes of this review, 'home treatment' is defined as a service that enables the patient to be treated outside hospital as far as possible and remain in their usual place of residence. METHODS - SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE SEARCH: 'Home treatment' excluded studies focused on day, residential and foster care. The review was based on Cochrane methodology, but non-randomised studies were included if they compared two services; these were only analysed if they provided evidence of the groups' baseline clinical comparability. METHODS - REVIEW OF ECONOMIC EVALUATIONS: Economic evaluations among the studies found were reviewed against established criteria. METHODS - IDENTIFICATION OF SERVICE COMPONENTS: A three-round Delphi exercise ascertained the degree of consensus among expert psychiatrists concerning the important components of community-based services that enable them to treat patients outside hospital. The identified components were used to construct the follow-up questionnaire. METHODS - FOLLOW-UP OF AUTHORS: As a supplement to the information available in the papers, authors of all the studies were followed up for data on service components, sustainability of programmes and service utilisation. METHODS - DATA ANALYSIS: The outcome measure was mean days in hospital per patient per month over the follow-up period. (1) Comparative analysis - compared experimental to control services. It analysed all studies with available data, divided into 'inpatient-control' and 'community-control' studies, and tested for associations between service components and difference in hospital days. (2) Experimental services analysis - analysed only experimental service data and tested for associations between service components and hospital days. RESULTS - SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE SEARCH: A total of 91 studies were found, conducted over a 30-year period. The majority (87) focused on people with psychotic disorders. RESULTS - REVIEW OF ECONOMIC EVALUATIONS: Only 22 studies included economic evaluations. They provided little conclusive evidence about cost-effectiveness because of problems with the heterogeneity of services, sample size, outcome measures and quality of analysis. RESULTS - DELPHI EXERCISE: In all, 16 items were rated as 'essential', falling into six categories: home environment; skill-mix; psychiatrist involvement; service management; caseload size; and health/social care integration. There was consensus that caseloads under 25 and flexible working hours over 7 days were important, but little support for caseloads under 15 or for 24-hour services, and consensus that home visiting was essential, but not on teams being 'explicitly dedicated' to home treatment. RESULTS - RESPONSE TO FOLLOW-UP: A total of 60% of authors responded, supplying data on service components and hospital days in most cases. Other service utilisation data were far less readily available. RESULTS - SERVICE CHARACTERISATION AND CLASSIFICATION: The services were homogeneous in terms of 'home treatment function' but fairly heterogeneous in terms of other components. There was some evidence for a group of services that were multidisciplinary, had psychiatrists as integrated team members, had smaller caseloads, visited patients at home regularly and took responsibility for both health and social care. This was not a cohesive group, however. RESULTS - SUSTAINABILITY OF SERVICES: The sustainability of home treatment services was modest: less than half the services whose authors responded were still identifiable. Services were more likely to be operational if the study had found them to reduce hospitalisation significantly. RESULTS - META-ANALYSIS: Meta-analysis with heterogeneous studies is problematic. The evidence base for the effectiveness of services identifiable as 'home treatment' was not strong. Within the 'inpatient-control' study group, the mean reduction in hospitalisation was 5 days per patient per	Burns, T
Knapp, M
Catty, J
Healey, A
Henderson, J
Watt, H
Wright, C		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11532236http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:11532236&id=doi:&issn=1366-5278&volume=5&issue=15&spage=1&pages=1-139&date=2001&title=Health+Technology+Assessment+%28Winchester%2C+England%29&atitle=Home+treatment+for+mental+health+problems%3A+a+systematic+review.&aulast=Burns&pid=%3Cauthor%3EBurns+T%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E11532236%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Community Psychiatry, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

T. Burrows, J. Warren and C. Collins	2012	The impact of a child obesity treatment intervention on parent child-feeding practices		International journal of pediatric obesity : IJPO : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity			5		1	43-50						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The impact of a child obesity treatment intervention on parent child-feeding practices								Pubmed 19437180						CN-00748926				BACKGROUND: Effective treatment of childhood obesity requires a multi-factorial approach and should target factors impacting on a child's environment. OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of three treatment programs on parental child-feeding practices at 6, 12 and 24 months post-program. SUBJECTS/INTERVENTION: Overweight children (n=159) aged 5-7 years, recruited to the Hunter Illawarra Kids Challenge Using Parent Support (HIKCUPS) randomized controlled trial with three treatment arms; a dietary modification program, a physical activity skill development program or a combination of both programs. Main outcome measures. The Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ), a validated 31-item questionnaire measuring child-feeding practices, completed by parents. Statistical analysis. Linear mixed models were used to assess change over time and to determine differences by intervention group. RESULTS: A significant decrease (p<0.01) in CFQ domain scores were reported and sustained at 24 months for all groups, in the domain of pressure to eat (mean+/-SEM, 1.8+/-0.06, 1.6+/-0.06) with increases in degree of monitoring (4.0+/-0.07, 4.2+/-0.06). The domain of restriction showed significant decreases in dietary intervention groups only (baseline 3.9+/-0.05, 24 months 3.7+/-0.06), the domain scores for concern were found to be strongly associated with child BMI z-score (r=0.73, p < 0.001) at baseline only. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that specific child-feeding domains are modifiable in the context of a targeted obesity intervention and further that changes can be sustained over time. HIKCUPS study: National Centre for Clinical Trials (NCT): 00107692 clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00107692 http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/home.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/926/CN-00748926/frame.html										
C. Burtin, H. Remoortel, B. Vrijsen, D. Langer, K. Colpaert, R. Gosselink, M. Decramer, L. Dupont and T. Troosters	2013	Impact of exacerbations of cystic fibrosis on muscle strength		Respiratory research			14			46						Journal: Article		Impact of exacerbations of cystic fibrosis on muscle strength								Pubmed 23601143						CN-00915987				BACKGROUND: Adult patients with cystic fibrosis have peripheral muscle weakness, which is related to exercise intolerance and poor prognosis. The influence of acute exacerbations on muscle strength has been poorly studied. This study aimed to investigate whether quadriceps force (QF), as assessed with an involuntary technique, changes during intravenous antibiotics therapy (IVAT) for an exacerbation. METHODS: QF was measured in 20 patients using twitch stimulation of the femoral nerve at the day of hospitalization (day 1) and at termination (day 14) of the IVAT. Physical activity was monitored during IVAT using a SenseWear armband. Ten stable patients served as control subjects. RESULTS: QF did not change during exacerbation (potentiated twitch force at day 1: 140?±?42 N, at day 14: 140?±?47 N), but a decrease was observed in individual patients. Changes in twitch force during exacerbation were correlated with time spent in activities of at least moderate intensity (r?=?0.61, p?=?0.007). CONCLUSIONS: QF does not systematically decrease during exacerbations of cystic fibrosis. Individual changes in QF are well correlated with daily time spent in activities of at least moderate intensity.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/987/CN-00915987/frame.html										
M. Burtscher, O. Bachmann, T. Hatzl, B. Hotter, R. Likar, M. Philadelphy and W. Nachbauer	2001	Cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses in healthy elderly humans during a 1-week hiking programme at high altitude		European journal of applied physiology			84		5	379-86						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses in healthy elderly humans during a 1-week hiking programme at high altitude								Pubmed 11417424						CN-00373124				Worldwide there are approximately 100 million visitors to high altitude annually and about 15% of those are elderly. Nevertheless, basic information on the cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses to physical activity at high altitude in the elderly is scarce. Therefore, we studied 20 voluntary healthy elderly subjects (55-77 years) who were randomly assigned to a low- (600 m) or a high altitude (2,000 m) group. Both groups increased the duration of their daily hiking from 2.5 to 5 h during a period of 1 week. Pre- and post-hiking cardiopulmonary variables at rest were measured daily. Exercise tests (3 min step test) were performed on days 1, 4 and 7. Of the morning values at rest, only arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) had decreased after the 1st night at high altitude. After hiking however, SaO2 was diminished on all days at high altitude. Post-hiking heart rates increased from baseline on days 1 and 2 in the low- and on days 1-5 in the high-altitude group. Exercising SaO2 (%) in the three tests was decreased [84.9 (SD 2.8), 88.1 (SD 2.1), 87.2 (SD 2.3)] compared to baseline [93.2 (SD 2.0); P < 0.05] and blood lactate concentrations were increased [3.1 (SD 0.7), 3.4 (SD 0.3), 3.3 (SD 0.2)] compared to baseline [2.7 (SD 0.6); P < 0.05] in all tests at high altitude. The 1-week hiking programme was well tolerated by the healthy elderly at both low and high altitudes. Ventilatory adaptation to high altitude in the elderly seemed to have been completed within the first 2 days during the measurements at rest. However, cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses to exercise were increased and recovery from exercise was delayed during the 1-week hiking programme at high altitude. Heart rate and SaO2 measurements are considered to be highly sensitive in estimating the state of acclimatisation and for monitoring exercise intensity and duration at high altitude.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/124/CN-00373124/frame.html										
M. E. Busse, O. R. Pearson, R. Van Deursen and C. M. Wiles	2004	Quantified measurement of activity provides insight into motor function and recovery in neurological disease		Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry			75		6	884-8					Jun	Comparative Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Quantified measurement of activity provides insight into motor function and recovery in neurological disease	J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry	0022-3050					PMC1739073							15146006				BACKGROUND: A direct quantitative measurement of locomotor activity in an individual's own environment over an extended period may help in evaluating the impact of impairments in neurological disorders.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reliability and validity of activity monitoring in neurological patients and healthy subjects.
METHODS: Initial reliability studies were completed on 10 healthy subjects and 10 mobility restricted neurological patients. Validity was investigated using 7 days of ambulatory monitoring with the Step Watch( step activity monitor, laboratory based measures of gait and the Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI) in 10 patients with multiple sclerosis, 10 with Parkinson's disease, and 10 with a primary muscle disorder. Additionally, 30 healthy subjects participated in the study. Two clinical illustrations of ambulatory monitoring are provided.
RESULTS: The mean (range) right step count of 7 days of monitoring in both healthy and neurological patients proved a reliable measure of activity (intra-class correlations 0.89 and 0.86 respectively). The 7 day mean (range) right step count was 5951 (2886-9955) in healthy subjects, 3818 (1611-5391) in patients with Parkinson's disease, 3003 (716-5302) in those with muscular disorders, and 2985 (689-5340) in those with multiple sclerosis. A moderate correlation was noted between 7 day mean step count and gait speed (r = 0.45, p = 0.01) in the grouped neurological patients but not the RMI (r(s) = 0.3, p = 0.11).
CONCLUSION: Ambulatory monitoring provides a reliable and valid measure of activity levels. Neurological patients, living independently, demonstrate lower activity levels than healthy matched controls. Ambulatory monitoring as an outcome measure has potential for improving the evaluation of ambulation and providing insight into participation.	Busse, M E
Pearson, O R
Van Deursen, R
Wiles, C M		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15146006http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:15146006&id=doi:&issn=0022-3050&volume=75&issue=6&spage=884&pages=884-8&date=2004&title=Journal+of+Neurology%2C+Neurosurgery+%26+Psychiatry&atitle=Quantified+measurement+of+activity+provides+insight+into+motor+function+and+recovery+in+neurological+disease.&aulast=Busse&pid=%3Cauthor%3EBusse+ME%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E15146006%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Physiotherapy Education, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. E. Busse, R. W. van Deursen and C. M. Wiles	2009	Real-life step and activity measurement: reliability and validity		Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology			33		1	33-41								Real-life step and activity measurement: reliability and validity	J Med Eng Technol	1464-522X												19116852				OBJECTIVES: Investigation of the reliability and validity of activity monitoring using a range of methods, namely manual counting, self report and two commercially available activity monitors.
STUDY DESIGN: Reliability, accuracy and validity study.
METHODS: Multiple convenience samples of healthy subjects were recruited to the study. Reliability of manual step count was determined using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (n = 10). Relationships between data from the Step Watch monitor (SAM) and (a) manual step counts (n = 18); (b) a second (different) activity monitor (ActivPAL); and (c) self reported activity levels (n = 22) were assessed using correlations. A Pearson's correlation and paired t-test was used to assess relations between routinely used monitors.
RESULTS: Intra-rater reliability for manual step counts was excellent (ICC 0.99), but inter-rater reliability was poor (ICC 0.26). Indoor accuracy of the SAM was 96.06% and outdoor accuracy was 99.58%. Moderate correlations (rho = 0.423 to 0.595, p < 0.05) were identified between the SAM monitor activity levels and self report diaries. The SAM and the ActivPAL were found to be internally reliable within themselves (ICC 0.96 and 0.95 respectively), significantly correlated (r = 0.93, p < 0.001) but also significantly different (t = 2.179, p < 0.05) when used simultaneously over the same circuit.
CONCLUSIONS: Activity monitors provide information that is related to actual activity and provide accurate and reliable data when tested on functional walking circuits. Activity monitors should not be used interchangeably due to the potential for systematic differences between the measurements obtained when applied simultaneously over the same repeated circuit.	Busse, M E
van Deursen, R W
Wiles, C M		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19116852http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19116852&id=doi:10.1080%2F03091900701682606&issn=0309-1902&volume=33&issue=1&spage=33&pages=33-41&date=2009&title=Journal+of+Medical+Engineering+%26+Technology&atitle=Real-life+step+and+activity+measurement%3A+reliability+and+validity.&aulast=Busse&pid=%3Cauthor%3EBusse+ME%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19116852%3C%2FAN%3E		Research Centre for Clinical Kinaesiology, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Healthcare Studies, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF, UK. busseme@cardiff.ac.uk						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

H. B. J. Bussmann, P. J. Reuvekamp, P. H. Veltink, W. L. J. Martens and H. J. Stam	1998	Validity and reliability of measurements obtained with an "activity monitor" in people with and without a transtibial amputation		Physical Therapy			78		9	989-998								Validity and reliability of measurements obtained with an "activity monitor" in people with and without a transtibial amputation		0031-9023												1998071026. Language: English. Entry Date: 19981101. Revision Date: 20091218. Publication Type: journal article				BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In this study, the validity and reliability of measurements obtained with an "Activity Monitor" (AM) were examined. The instrument is designed to monitor ambulatory activity by use of accelerometer signals, and it detects several activities associated with mobility (standing, sitting, lying, transitions, movement-related activities). SUBJECTS: Four men with a transtibial amputation and 4 men without a transtibial amputation participated. METHODS: The subjects performed normal daily activities, during which accelerations were measured and videotape recording were made (reference method). Validity was assessed by calculating agreement scores between the AM output and the videotape recordings and by comparing the number of transitions and the duration of activities determined by both methods. RESULTS: The overall agreement between the AM output and the videotape recordings was 90%. Other agreement scores, in addition to the determination of the number of transitions and the duration of activities, were generally within a range of error of 0% to 10%. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: The reliability and validity of the AM measurements appeared to be good, which supports its potential use in rehabilitation and physical therapy.	research; tables/charts; tracings. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Peer Reviewed; USA. Grant Information: Financed in part, by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs. No. of Refs: 45 ref. NLM UID: 0022623. Email: bussmann@revd.azr.hl.
PMID: 9736896		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=1998071026&site=ehost-live		Faculty Member, Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands						rzh	EBSCOhost	
J. B. J. Bussmann, M. A. Kikkert, T. A. R. Sluis, M. P. Bergen, H. J. Stam and H. J. G. van den Berg-Emons	2010	Effect of wearing an activity monitor on the amount of daily manual wheelchair propulsion in persons with spinal cord injury		Spinal Cord			48		2	128-133								Effect of wearing an activity monitor on the amount of daily manual wheelchair propulsion in persons with spinal cord injury		1362-4393												2010551340. Language: English. Entry Date: 20100312. Revision Date: 20100312. Publication Type: journal article				Study design:An experimental study.Objectives:To assess the effect of reactivity related to wearing a multi-sensor activity monitor (AM) on the amount of manual wheelchair propulsion during daily life in wheelchair-bound persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). In addition, to establish the subjectively experienced burden of wearing the AM.Setting:Rehabilitation centre and home-based study.Methods:In 10 persons with SCI, during a 7-day period, the daily amount of manual wheelchair propulsion was measured by means of a rotation counter. During this period, an AM was worn for 1 day (AM+ day) by the participants. Experienced burden was measured by a questionnaire based on visual analogue scale scores.Results:The overall median of the number of rotations per minute was 1.38 (range 0.63-1.83). No significant difference was found in the amount of daily manual wheelchair propulsion between AM+ and AM- days (P=0.33, median difference: -0.06 rotations per minute). Experienced burden was not different between subgroups that differed in reactivity.Conclusion:The results seem to indicate that wearing the AM of this study does not systematically influence the amount of daily manual wheelchair propulsion. Although low to moderate burden was experienced when wearing the AM, this does not seem to affect the amount of manual wheelchair propulsion.	pictorial; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Online/Print; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. Special Interest: Physical Therapy. No. of Refs: 17 ref. NLM UID: 9609749.
PMID: 19546876		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2010551340&site=ehost-live		Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus, MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands						rzh	EBSCOhost	
J. B. Bussmann, J. H. Tulen, E. C. van Herel and H. J. Stam	1998	Quantification of physical activities by means of ambulatory accelerometry: a validation study		Psychophysiology			35		5	488-96					Sep	Clinical Trial		Quantification of physical activities by means of ambulatory accelerometry: a validation study	Psychophysiology	0048-5772												9715093				The objective of the study was to assess the validity of an activity monitor (AM) within a psychophysiological study. The AM was based on four body-fixed accelerometers and discriminated postures, transitions, and dynamic activities. Three subjects participated in each of two 4-hr sessions. During each session, consisting of two protocols, ambulatory accelerometer and heart rate measurements were made. The output of the AM was compared with simultaneously recorded video tapes. An overall agreement between AM and video of 88 and 96% was found. The number of transitions and dynamic periods, and the duration of activities were well determined. Posture-related heart rate changes were demonstrated. A three-sensor configuration hardly influenced the validity scores. The AM appeared to be a valid instrument to quantify aspects of physical activity, and offers new possibilities for ambulatory psychophysiological research.	Bussmann, J B
Tulen, J H
van Herel, E C
Stam, H J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9715093http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:9715093&id=doi:&issn=0048-5772&volume=35&issue=5&spage=488&pages=488-96&date=1998&title=Psychophysiology&atitle=Quantification+of+physical+activities+by+means+of+ambulatory+accelerometry%3A+a+validation+study.&aulast=Bussmann&pid=%3Cauthor%3EBussmann+JB%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E9715093%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Rehabilitation, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands. bussmann@revd.azr.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. B. Bussmann, Y. M. van de Laar, M. P. Neeleman and H. J. Stam	1998	Ambulatory accelerometry to quantify motor behaviour in patients after failed back surgery: a validation study		Pain			74		2-3	153-61					Feb			Ambulatory accelerometry to quantify motor behaviour in patients after failed back surgery: a validation study	Pain	0304-3959												9520229				In the treatment of patients with pain, measures related to (pain) behaviour are of major importance. Ambulatory activity monitoring can be used to obtain insight into actual behaviour. This study was designed to validate the Activity Monitor (AM), an instrument based on long-term ambulatory monitoring of accelerometer signals, to assess several physical activities during normal daily life. Ten failed back surgery (FBS) patients performed a number of functional activities in and around their own houses. During the measurements, continuous ambulatory registrations of accelerometer signals were made, based on four body-mounted accelerometers (one on each upper leg, two on the trunk). Video recordings made simultaneously with the measurements were used as a reference. The continuous output of the AM (postures, transitions, dynamic activities) was compared with visual analysis of the videotapes. The overall results showed an agreement between AM output and video analysis of 87% (inter subject range: 83-88%). The maximal error in the determination of the duration of activities was 0.3%. The overall number of dynamic periods was determined well (AM: 359; video: 368), while the number of transitions was slightly overestimated (AM: 228; video: 205). The results when using the three-sensor version of the AM were somewhat less accurate (overall agreement from 87% to 82%). The AM appeared to be a valid instrument to quantify aspects of behaviour of FPS patients, such as duration of activities and number of transitions. This new technique of ambulatory measurement of mobility activities seems to be a relevant and promising extension of the techniques currently used in the evaluation of pain treatment.	Bussmann, J B
van de Laar, Y M
Neeleman, M P
Stam, H J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9520229http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:9520229&id=doi:&issn=0304-3959&volume=74&issue=2&spage=153&pages=153-61&date=1998&title=Pain&atitle=Ambulatory+accelerometry+to+quantify+motor+behaviour+in+patients+after+failed+back+surgery%3A+a+validation+study.&aulast=Bussmann&pid=%3Cauthor%3EBussmann+JB%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E9520229%3C%2FAN%3E		Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands. bussmann@revd.azr.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. B. Bussmann, J. H. Tulen, E. C. van Herel and H. J. Stam	1998	Quantification of physical activities by means of ambulatory accelerometry: A validation study		Psychophysiology			35		5	488-496					Sep	Empirical Study		Quantification of physical activities by means of ambulatory accelerometry: A validation study		0048-5772
1469-8986												1998-10586-002				The objective of the study was to assess the validity of an activity monitor (AM) within a psychophysiological study. The AM was based on four body-fixed accelerometers and discriminated postures, transitions, and dynamic activities. Three male Ss aged 19-24 yrs old participated in each of two 4-h sessions. During each session, consisting of two protocols, ambulatory accelerometer and heart rate measurements were made. The output of the AM was compared with simultaneously recorded video tapes. An overall agreement between AM and video of 88 and 96% was found. The number of transitions and dynamic periods, and the duration of activities were well determined. Posture-related heart rate changes were demonstrated. A three-sensor configuration hardly influenced the validity scores. The AM appeared to be a valid instrument to quantify aspects of physical activity, and offers new possibilities for ambulatory psychophysiological research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).			http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=psyc3&AN=1998-10586-002http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:PsycINFO+<1987+to+2001>&genre=article&id=pmid:&id=doi:10.1017/S0048577298971153&issn=0048-5772&volume=35&issue=5&spage=488&pages=488-496&date=1998&title=Psychophysiology&atitle=Quantification+of+physical+activities+by+means+of+ambulatory+accelerometry:+A+validation+study.&aulast=Bussmann&pid=<author>Bussmann,+Johannes+B.+J</author>&<AN>1998-10586-002</AN>		J
M
G
Bussmann, Johannes B. J.: U Hosp Rotterdam, Dept of Rehabilitation, Rotterdam, Netherlands								English

V. Bustamante, d. S. M. E. López, A. Gorostiza, U. Jiménez and J. Gáldiz	2010	Muscle training with repetitive magnetic stimulation of the quadriceps in severe COPD patients		Respiratory medicine			104		2	237-45						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Muscle training with repetitive magnetic stimulation of the quadriceps in severe COPD patients								Pubmed 19896353						CN-00762323				BACKGROUND: Previous studies have used electrical neuromuscular stimulation as a physical training method in patients with severe COPD. We introduce the use of the more tolerable magnetic stimulation for the same purpose, investigating the effectiveness of an eight-week protocol. METHODS: Eighteen patients with severe COPD were randomly assigned to a magnetic stimulation training protocol, n=10, FEV(1)=30% (SD: 7) or to parallel clinical monitoring, control group, n=8, FEV(1)=35% (SD: 8). During eight weeks, patients were stimulated for 15min on each quadriceps femoris, three times per week. Quadriceps muscle strength and endurance measurements, quality-of-life questionnaires (SF36, SGRQ) and a six-minute walking test were all carried out before and after the training period in the stimulated and control subjects. RESULTS: All patients completed the training with increasing intensity of stimulation, displaying a significant improvement in voluntary quadriceps strength (17.5% of the baseline value) and exercise capacity, with a mean increase of 23m in the six-minute walking test. The questionnaire scores showed greater increases in quality-of-life scores in the trained subjects compared to the controls, particularly in the physical function areas: mean increments in SF36 in "physical function": +26, "role limitations due to physical problems": +40 and "vitality": +17.5, while +13, -4 and +1, respectively in controls. Saint George's "Activity" score improved by 19.6 points, for 11.5 in controls. CONCLUSIONS: In COPD patients who are limited due to dyspnoea, magnetic neuromuscular stimulation of the quadriceps constitutes a feasible training method for the lower limbs, with positive effects on the muscle function, effort capacity and perception areas.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/323/CN-00762323/frame.html										
Z. Butcher, S. Fairclough, G. Stratton and D. Richardson	2007	The effect of feedback and information on children's pedometer step counts at school		Pediatric exercise science			19		1	29-38						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		The effect of feedback and information on children's pedometer step counts at school								Pubmed 17554155						CN-00700495				This study examined whether feedback or feedback plus physical activity information could increase the number of pedometer steps taken during 1 school week. One hundred seventy-seven students (mean age 9.124 +/- 1.11 years) in three elementary schools participated. Schools were randomly assigned to control (CON), feedback (FB), or feedback plus information (FB+I) groups. Children wore pedometers during school time for 5 consecutive weekdays. The total steps of the groups were recorded at the end of each school day, with students in the FB and FB+I groups free to view their step counts. In addition, the FB+I group received information and ideas about how they could increase their daily steps. The CON group received no step-count feedback or information. Students in the FB+I group achieved significantly more steps per minute (17.17 +/- 4.87) than those in the FB (13.77 +/- 4.06, p = 0.003) and CON (12.41 +/- 3.12, p = 0.0001) groups. Information, as well as step-count feedback, increased elementary students' school-based physical activity (number of steps) in the short term. A longer intervention period is necessary to assess the sustained impact of this type of approach.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/495/CN-00700495/frame.html										
L. Butler, S. Furber, P. Phongsavan, A. Mark and A. Bauman	2009	Effects of a pedometer-based intervention on physical activity levels after cardiac rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial		Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and prevention			29		2	105-14						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of a pedometer-based intervention on physical activity levels after cardiac rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 19305235						CN-00680376				PURPOSE: In Australia, patient adherence to physical activity after a cardiac rehabilitation program (CRP) is poor. This study evaluated the efficacy of a pedometer-based intervention to increase physical activity after CRP. METHODS: Patients (n = 110) who had attended a CRP were randomized into an intervention or a control group. The 6-week intervention included self-monitored physical activity using a pedometer and step calendar and 2 behavioral counseling and goal-setting sessions. Self-reported physical activity and psychosocial status were collected at baseline, 6 weeks, and 6 months. Participant exercise capacity was measured using a gas exchange analysis system. RESULTS: Study groups were not significantly different at baseline, except for occupation. At 6 weeks and 6 months, improvements in total physical activity sessions (P = .002 and P = .016, respectively), walking minutes (P = .013, 6 weeks only), and walking sessions (P < .001 and P = .035) in the intervention group were significantly greater than those in the control group after adjusting for baseline differences. At 6 months, total physical activity minutes in the intervention group also increased significantly more than those in the control group (P = .044). These self-reported behavioral changes were corroborated by improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness at 6 months in the intervention group (P = .01). There were also significant improvements in psychosocial health at 6 weeks and 6 months in the intervention group. CONCLUSION: The pedometer-based intervention was successful in increasing physical activity in cardiac patients after a CRP. This intervention could be given to patients to promote adherence to physical activity guidelines after a CRP, particularly in centers where maintenance programs are not available.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/376/CN-00680376/frame.html										
D. Butterworth, D. Nieman, B. Underwood and K. Lindsted	1994	The relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and dietary quality		International journal of sport nutrition			4		3	289-98						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		The relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and dietary quality								Pubmed 7987363						CN-00107635				This study evaluated the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and dietary quality in a group of 20- to 40-year-old women (n = 34) who varied widely in levels of physical activity. Nutrient intakes were determined using 10 repeated 24-hr diet records, randomly assigned, over a 10-week period. Physical activity was determined on the same randomly assigned days using the Caltrac Personal Activity Computer. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by two maximal graded treadmill tests with continuous metabolic monitoring at both the beginning and end of the 10-week period. Neither physical activity nor cardiorespiratory fitness was significantly correlated with nutrient density (nutrient/1,000 kcal). Intake of energy (kcal/kg body weight) was higher for the more physically active and fit women, leading to a significant increase in most nutrients consumed per kilogram of body weight.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/635/CN-00107635/frame.html										
C. Byrd-Williams, B. Belcher, D. Spruijt-Metz, J. Davis, E. Ventura, L. Kelly, K. Berhane, S. Azen and M. Goran	2010	Increased physical activity and reduced adiposity in overweight Hispanic adolescents		Medicine and science in sports and exercise			42		3	478-84						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Increased physical activity and reduced adiposity in overweight Hispanic adolescents								Pubmed 19952807						CN-00749005				PURPOSE: The objectives of this study were to examine 1) whether changes in total physical activity (PA; counts per minute, cpm) and time spent in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) are associated with changes in adiposity and 2) whether energy intake influences the relationship between changes in PA and changes in adiposity in overweight Hispanic adolescents. METHODS: Analysis included 38 overweight (body mass index, >85th percentile) Hispanic adolescents with complete pretest and posttest data on relevant variables after participating in a 16-wk intervention. The intervention treatment did not influence PA, so the sample was combined and the randomization group was adjusted for in the analysis. Body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, 7-d PA by accelerometry, and dietary intake by 3-d diet records were assessed before and after intervention. RESULTS: Within individuals, the mean increase of PA (n = 19) and mean decrease of PA (n = 19) was approximately 105 cpm. A 100-cpm increase in total PA was associated with a decrease of 1.3 kg of fat mass and 0.8% body fat after adjusting for pretest adiposity, PA, age, sex, and treatment (P < 0.05). Controlling for energy intake modestly strengthened the relationships between total PA and fat mass and percent body fat. Changes in MVPA were not related to changes in adiposity after controlling for total PA (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Increasing total PA by 28% (100 cpm) was associated with a decrease of 1.4 kg of fat mass and 1% body fat for 16 wk in overweight Hispanic adolescents independent of intervention group assignment. Increases in total PA, compared with MVPA, may be sufficient to improve body composition in overweight Hispanic adolescents.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/005/CN-00749005/frame.html										
N. Byrne, J. Meerkin, R. Laukkanen, R. Ross, M. Fogelholm and A. Hills	2006	Weight loss strategies for obese adults: personalized weight management program vs. standard care		Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)			14		10	1777-88						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Weight loss strategies for obese adults: personalized weight management program vs. standard care								Pubmed 17062808						CN-00573089				OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a 32-week personalized Polar weight management program (PWMP) compared with standard care (SC) on body weight, body composition, waist circumference, and cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight or obese adults. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Overweight or obese (29 +/- 2 kg/m(2)) men and women (n = 74) 38 +/- 5 years of age were randomly assigned into either PWMP (men = 20, women = 21) or SC (men = 15, women = 18). Both groups managed their own diet and exercise program after receiving the same standardized nutrition and physical activity advice. PWMP also received a weight management system with literature to enable the design of a personalized diet and exercise weight loss program. Body weight and body composition, waist circumference, and cardiorespiratory fitness were measured at weeks 0, 16, and 32. RESULTS: Eighty percent of participants completed the 32-week intervention, with a greater proportion of the dropouts being women (PWMP: 2 men vs. 7 women; SC: 2 men vs. 4 women). At 32 weeks, PWMP completers had significantly (p < 0.001) greater losses in body weight [6.2 +/- 3.4 vs. 2.6 +/- 3.6 (standard deviation) kg], fat mass (5.9 +/- 3.4 vs. 2.2 +/- 3.6 kg), and waist circumference (4.4 +/- 4.5 vs. 1.0 +/- 3.6 cm). Weight loss and fat loss were explained by the exercise energy expenditure completed and not by weekly exercise duration. DISCUSSION: More effective weight loss was achieved after treatment with the PWMP compared with SC. The results suggest that the PWMP enables effective weight loss through tools that support self-monitoring without the requirement of more costly approaches to program supervision.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/089/CN-00573089/frame.html										
K. J. Calfas, B. J. Long, J. F. Sallis, W. J. Wooten, M. Pratt and K. Patrick	1996	A controlled trial of physician counseling to promote the adoption of physical activity		Preventive Medicine			25		3	225-33					May-Jun	Clinical Trial
Controlled Clinical Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		A controlled trial of physician counseling to promote the adoption of physical activity	Prev Med	0091-7435												8780999				BACKGROUND: In accordance with one of the Year 2000 Health Objectives, the current study tests the efficacy of brief physician-based counseling to increase physical activity in sedentary patients in a nonrandomized controlled trial.
METHODS: Control and intervention physicians were matched on medical practice variables. Two hundred fifty-five apparently healthy, sedentary, adult patients were recruited from 17 physician offices (mean age = 39 years, 84% female, 28% ethnic minority). Intervention physicians delivered 3 to 5 min of structured physical activity counseling during a well visit or follow-up for a chronic condition. A health educator made a brief booster phone call to patients 2 weeks after receiving physician counseling. Self-reported physical activity and stage of change (i.e., behavioral readiness to adopt or maintain activity) were collected at baseline and at 4- to 6-week follow-up. Objective activity monitoring was conducted on a subsample.
RESULTS: Intervention patients reported increased walking more than control patients (+37 min/week vs. +7 min/week). There was a significant intervention effect on the activity monitor. Intervention participants also demonstrated a greater increase in readiness to adopt activity than control subjects.
CONCLUSIONS: Physician-based counseling for physical activity is efficacious in producing short-term increases in moderate physical activity among previously sedentary patients.	Calfas, K J
Long, B J
Sallis, J F
Wooten, W J
Pratt, M
Patrick, K		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=8780999http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:8780999&id=doi:&issn=0091-7435&volume=25&issue=3&spage=225&pages=225-33&date=1996&title=Preventive+Medicine&atitle=A+controlled+trial+of+physician+counseling+to+promote+the+adoption+of+physical+activity.&aulast=Calfas&pid=%3Cauthor%3ECalfas+KJ%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E8780999%3C%2FAN%3E		San Diego State University, California 92182, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

K. J. Calfas, B. J. Long, J. F. Sallis, W. J. Wooten, M. Pratt and K. Patrick	1996	A controlled trial of physician counseling to promote the adoption of physical activity		Preventive Medicine: An International Journal Devoted to Practice and Theory			25		3	225-233					May-Jun	Empirical Study; Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial		A controlled trial of physician counseling to promote the adoption of physical activity		0091-7435												1996-04873-001				Tested the efficacy of brief physician-based counseling to increase physical activity (PHA) in 255 apparently healthy, adult patients (mean age 39 yrs) in a nonrandomized controlled trial. Control and intervention (IN) physicians were matched on medical practice variables. IN physicians delivered 3-5 min structured PHA counseling for a chronic condition. A health educator made a brief booster phone call to patients 2 wks after receiving physician counseling. Self-reported PHA and stage of change were collected at baseline and at 4-6 wk follow-up. Follow-up data were available on 98 IN and 114 control patients. IN Ss reported increased walking more than controls. There was a significant IN effect on the activity monitor. IN Ss also showed a greater increase in readiness to adopt activity. Thus, physician-based counseling for PHA is efficacious in producing short-term increases in moderate PHA among previously sedentary patients. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved).			http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=psyc3&AN=1996-04873-001http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:PsycINFO+<1987+to+2001>&genre=article&id=pmid:&id=doi:10.1006/pmed.1996.0050&issn=0091-7435&volume=25&issue=3&spage=225&pages=225-233&date=1996&title=Preventive+Medicine:+An+International+Journal+Devoted+to+Practice+and+Theory&atitle=A+controlled+trial+of+physician+counseling+to+promote+the+adoption+of+physical+activity.&aulast=Calfas&pid=<author>Calfas,+Karen+J</author>&<AN>1996-04873-001</AN>		Calfas, Karen J.: San Diego State U, Dept of Health Promotion, San Diego, CA, US								English

K. Calfas, B. Long, J. Sallis, W. Wooten, M. Pratt and K. Patrick	1996	A controlled trial of physician counseling to promote the adoption of physical activity		Preventive medicine			25		3	225-33						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		A controlled trial of physician counseling to promote the adoption of physical activity								Pubmed 8780999						CN-00129289				BACKGROUND: In accordance with one of the Year 2000 Health Objectives, the current study tests the efficacy of brief physician-based counseling to increase physical activity in sedentary patients in a nonrandomized controlled trial. METHODS: Control and intervention physicians were matched on medical practice variables. Two hundred fifty-five apparently healthy, sedentary, adult patients were recruited from 17 physician offices (mean age = 39 years, 84% female, 28% ethnic minority). Intervention physicians delivered 3 to 5 min of structured physical activity counseling during a well visit or follow-up for a chronic condition. A health educator made a brief booster phone call to patients 2 weeks after receiving physician counseling. Self-reported physical activity and stage of change (i.e., behavioral readiness to adopt or maintain activity) were collected at baseline and at 4- to 6-week follow-up. Objective activity monitoring was conducted on a subsample. RESULTS: Intervention patients reported increased walking more than control patients (+37 min/week vs. +7 min/week). There was a significant intervention effect on the activity monitor. Intervention participants also demonstrated a greater increase in readiness to adopt activity than control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Physician-based counseling for physical activity is efficacious in producing short-term increases in moderate physical activity among previously sedentary patients.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/289/CN-00129289/frame.html										
T. C. Callari, S. Ciairano and A. Re	2012	Elderly-technology interaction: accessibility and acceptability of technological devices promoting motor and cognitive training		Work			41 Suppl 1			362-9						Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Elderly-technology interaction: accessibility and acceptability of technological devices promoting motor and cognitive training	Work	1875-9270												22316750				As the world population is ageing, studies on the socio-economic and health consequences are proliferating. Little has been done on the effectiveness and impact elderly may benefit from the use of technology in their everyday life. The pilot study, implemented within a funded project aimed at identifying sustainable actions to promote Seniors' quality of life, intended to investigate this kind of interaction in terms of accessibility and acceptability that senior citizen experience with technological devices promoting motor and cognitive training. In the hypothesis, interfaces and technological artifacts, that still take in little account the seniors' physical characteristics (e.g. physiological limitations in sight, hearing, movement) and cognitive processes (selective memory often driven by practical needs), can cause elderly to mistrust technology. Study participants were twenty over seventy-year-old people, who were observed and interviewed in context in a two-hour training session regarding the technological devices user experience. The results are presented with scenario-based techniques that help represent typologies of users in different use situations. Findings confirm the hypothesis, highlighting that elderly may accept technological artifacts when they perceive them as bringing benefits in terms of well-being and health.	Callari, Tiziana C
Ciairano, Silvia
Re, Alessandra		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22316750http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22316750&id=doi:10.3233%2FWOR-2012-0183-362&issn=1051-9815&volume=41&issue=1&spage=362&pages=362-9&date=2012&title=Work&atitle=Elderly-technology+interaction%3A+accessibility+and+acceptability+of+technological+devices+promoting+motor+and+cognitive+training.&aulast=Callari&pid=%3Cauthor%3ECallari+TC%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22316750%3C%2FAN%3E		LIDEA-InterDepartmental Laboratory of Applied Ergonomics, Department of Psychology, Universita degli Studi di Torino, Via Verdi 10, Torino, Italy. tiziana.callari@unito.it						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. Calvo, R. Hermida, D. Ayala and L. Ruilope	2004	Effects of telmisartan 80 mg and valsartan 160 mg on ambulatory blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension		Journal of hypertension			22		4	837-46						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Effects of telmisartan 80 mg and valsartan 160 mg on ambulatory blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension								Pubmed 15126927						CN-00527579				OBJECTIVES: This trial investigated and compared the antihypertensive efficacy of telmisartan and valsartan, two angiotensin II receptor blockers, used in monotherapy at their maximum recommended dose in hypertensive patients. METHODS: We studied 70 subjects (32 men and 38 women) aged 47.6 +/- 12.2 (mean +/- SD) years, with mild to moderate essential hypertension; they were randomly assigned to receive monotherapy with either telmisartan (80 mg) or valsartan (160 mg), in the form of a single daily tablet upon awakening. Blood pressure was measured by ambulatory monitoring every 20 min during the day and every 30 min at night for 48 consecutive hours before and after 3 months of treatment. Physical activity was simultaneously monitored every minute by wrist actigraphy to calculate accurately the diurnal and nocturnal means of blood pressure on a per subject basis. RESULTS: There was a highly significant blood pressure reduction during the 24 h with both drugs. The blood pressure reduction in the 24-h mean was significantly larger for valsartan 160 mg (18.6 and 12.1 mmHg for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively) than for telmisartan 80 mg (10.8 and 8.4 mmHg; P < 0.001 between treatment-groups). There was also a highly significant reduction (P < 0.001) of 6.5 mmHg in the 24-h mean of pulse pressure after valsartan administration only. The trough : peak ratio and the smoothness index were slightly higher in systolic, but similar in diastolic blood pressure, for telmisartan as compared to valsartan. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a shorter half-life, 160 mg/day valsartan was more effective in lowering blood pressure over 24 h than 80 mg/day telmisartan. Furthermore, valsartan was also more effective in lowering arterial pulse pressure, an observation that may have important therapeutic implications, given the mounting evidence that pulse pressure may be a risk factor for future cardiovascular events.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/579/CN-00527579/frame.html										
C. Cameron, C. L. Craig, F. C. Bull and A. Bauman	2007	Canada's physical activity guides: has their release had an impact?		Canadian Journal of Public Health. Revue Canadienne de Sante Publique			98 Suppl 2			S161-9						Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Canada's physical activity guides: has their release had an impact?	Can J Public Health	0008-4263												18213946				The purpose of this paper is to examine the reach of different versions of Canada's physical activity guide (CPAG) and their impacts, including immediate effects (awareness, knowledge, beliefs, future intention to be active, first steps towards behavioural change) and population levels of physical activity. The analysis is based on eligible adults aged 18 years and older (n = 8,892) included in the 2003 Physical Activity Monitor (PAM) survey. The 2003 PAM was a cross-sectional, telephone interview of a representative population sample. Secular trends of Canadians aged 12 years and older were examined, using representative samples from the National Population Health and Canadian Community Health Surveys. Unprompted recall of any guidelines for physical activity was very low (4%), whereas prompted recall of the CPAG was higher (37%). Unprompted and prompted recall were higher among women and high-income earners, and increased with level of education. Behaviours associated with "seeking information" and "initiating action" were associated with unprompted and prompted recall. Beliefs about the benefits of physical activity and intention to be active were also associated with prompted recall. Unprompted CPAG recall, knowledge about the amount of activity required to meet the CPAG, intention to be active, "seeking information", and "initiating action" were associated with being "sufficiently active". The CPAG is an appropriate set of public health guidelines or recommendations around physical activity. The low unprompted recall rate points to the need for a coordinated, well-funded approach to communication of these guidelines, involving governmental and non-governmental partners and intermediaries in municipalities, schools, workplaces, and the recreational, public health, and health-care systems.	Cameron, Christine
Craig, Cora L
Bull, Fiona C
Bauman, Adrian		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18213946http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:18213946&id=doi:&issn=0008-4263&volume=98&issue=2&spage=S161&pages=S161-9&date=2007&title=Canadian+Journal+of+Public+Health.+Revue+Canadienne+de+Sante+Publique&atitle=Canada%27s+physical+activity+guides%3A+has+their+release+had+an+impact%3F.&aulast=Cameron&pid=%3Cauthor%3ECameron+C%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E18213946%3C%2FAN%3E		Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. ccameron@cflri.ca						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. Cameron, C. L. Craig, F. C. Bull and A. Bauman	2007	[Physical Activity guidelines in Canada: has publication had an effect?]		Applied Physiology, Nutrition, & Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquee, Nutrition et Metabolisme			32 Suppl 2F			S179-88								[Physical Activity guidelines in Canada: has publication had an effect?]	Appl Physiol Nutr Metab	1715-5312	Les guides d'activite physique du Canada : leur publication a t-elle eu un effet?											19377541				The purpose of this paper is to examine the reach of different versions of Canada's physical activity guide (CPAG) and their impacts, including immediate effects (awareness, knowledge, beliefs, future intention to be active, first steps towards behavioural change) and population levels of physical activity. The analysis is based on eligible adults aged 18 years and older (n = 8892) included in the 2003 Physical Activity Monitor (PAM) survey. The 2003 PAM was a cross-sectional, telephone interview of a representative population sample. Secular trends of Canadians aged 12 years and older were examined, using representative samples from the National Population Health and Canadian Community Health Surveys. Unprompted recall of any guidelines for physical activity was very low (4%), whereas prompted recall of the CPAG was higher (37%). Unprompted and prompted recall were higher among women and high-income earners, and increased with level of education. Behaviours associated with "seeking information" and "initiating action" were associated with unprompted and prompted recall. Beliefs about the benefits of physical activity and intention to be active were also associated with prompted recall. Unprompted CPAG recall, knowledge about the amount of activity required to meet the CPAG, intention to be active, "seeking information", and "initiating action" were associated with being "sufficiently active". The CPAG is an appropriate set of public health guidelines or recommendations around physical activity. The low unprompted recall rate points to the need for a coordinated, well-funded approach to communication of these guidelines, involving governmental and non-governmental partners and intermediaries in municipalities, schools, workplaces, and the recreational, public health, and health-care systems.	Cameron, Christine
Craig, Cora L
Bull, Fiona C
Bauman, Adrian
French		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19377541http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19377541&id=doi:10.1139%2FH07-160&issn=1715-5312&volume=32&issue=2&spage=S179&pages=S179-88&date=2007&title=Applied+Physiology%2C+Nutrition%2C+%26+Metabolism+%3D+Physiologie+Appliquee%2C+Nutrition+et+Metabolisme&atitle=Les+guides+d%27activite+physique+du+Canada+%3A+leur+publication+a+t-elle+eu+un+effet%3F&aulast=Cameron&pid=%3Cauthor%3ECameron+C%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19377541%3C%2FAN%3E		Institut canadien de la recherche sur la condition physique et le mode de vie, 201-185, rue Somerset ouest, Ottawa, ON K2P 0J2, Canada. ccameron@cflri.ca						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	French

D. Cameron, A. Japour, Y. Xu, A. Hsu, J. Mellors, C. Farthing, C. Cohen, D. Poretz, M. Markowitz, S. Follansbee, J. Angel, D. McMahon, D. Ho, V. Devanarayan, R. Rode, M. Salgo, D. Kempf, R. Granneman, J. Leonard and E. Sun	1999	Ritonavir and saquinavir combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection		AIDS (London, England)			13		2	213-24						Clinical Trial; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Ritonavir and saquinavir combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection								Pubmed 10202827						CN-00161890				OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and antiretroviral activity of ritonavir (Norvir) and saquinavir (Invirase) combination therapy in patients with HIV infection. DESIGN: A multicenter, randomized, open-label clinical trial. SETTING: Seven HIV research units in the USA and Canada. PATIENTS: A group of 141 adults with HIV infection, CD4 T lymphocyte counts of 100-500 x 10(6) cells/l, whether treated previously or not with reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy, but without previous HIV protease inhibitor drug therapy. INTERVENTIONS: After discontinuation of prior therapy for 2 weeks, group I patients were randomized to receive either combination (A) ritonavir 400 mg and saquinavir 400 mg twice daily or (B) ritonavir 600 mg and saquinavir 400 mg twice daily. After an initial safety assessment of group I patients, group II patients were randomized to receive either (C) ritonavir 400 mg and saquinavir 400 mg three times daily or (D) ritonavir 600 mg and saquinavir 600 mg twice daily. Investigators were allowed to add up to two reverse transcriptase inhibitors (including at least one with which the patient had not been previously treated) to a patient's regimen after week 12 for failure to achieve or maintain an HIV RNA level < or = 200 copies/ml documented on two consecutive occasions. MEASUREMENTS: Plasma HIV RNA levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts were measured at baseline, every 2 weeks for 2 months, and monthly thereafter. Safety was assessed through the reporting of adverse events, physical examinations, and the monitoring of routine laboratory tests. RESULTS: The 48 weeks of study treatment was completed by 75% (106/141) of the patients. Over 80% of the patients on treatment at week 48 had an HIV RNA level < or = 200 copies/ml. In addition, intent-to-treat and on-treatment analyses revealed comparable results. Suppression of plasma HIV RNA levels was similar for all treatment arms (mean areas under the curve minus baseline through 48 weeks were-1.9, -2.0, -1.6, -1.8 log10 copies/ml in ritonavir-saquinavir 400-400 mg twice daily, 600-400 mg twice daily, 400-400 mg three times daily, and 600-600 mg twice daily, respectively). Median CD4 T-lymphocyte count rose by 128 x 10(6) cells/l from baseline, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 82-221 x 10(6) cells/l. The most common adverse events were diarrhea, circumoral paresthesia, asthenia, and nausea. Reversible elevation of serum transaminases (> 5 x upper limit of normal) occurred in 10% (14/141) of the patients enrolled in this study and was associated with baseline abnormalities in liver function tests, baseline hepatitis B surface antigen positivity, or hepatitis C antibody positivity (relative risk, 5.0; 95% confidence interval 1.5-16.9). Most moderate or severe elevations in liver function tests occurred in patients treated with ritonavir-saquinavir 600-600 mg twice daily. CONCLUSIONS: Ritonavir 400 mg combined with saquinavir 400 mg twice daily with the selective addition of reverse transcriptase inhibitors was the best-tolerated regimen of four dose-ranging regimens and was equally as active as the higher dose combinations in HIV-positive patients without previous protease inhibitor treatment.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/890/CN-00161890/frame.html										
A. Campbell, M. Robertson, M. Gardner, R. Norton and D. Buchner	1999	Falls prevention over 2 years: a randomized controlled trial in women 80 years and older		Age and ageing			28		6	513-8						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Falls prevention over 2 years: a randomized controlled trial in women 80 years and older								Pubmed 10604501						CN-00265130				BACKGROUND: after 1 year, a home-based programme of strength and balance retraining exercises was effective in reducing falls and injuries in women aged 80 years and older. The exercise programme had been individually prescribed by a physiotherapist during the first 2 months of a randomized controlled trial. OBJECTIVE: we aimed to assess the effectiveness of the programme over 2 years. SUBJECTS: women from both the control group and the exercise group completing a 1-year trial (213 out of the original 233) were invited to continue for a further year. METHODS: falls and compliance to the exercise programme were monitored for 2 years. RESULTS: 81 (74%) in the control group and 71 (69%) in the exercise group agreed to continue in the study. After 2 years, the rate of falls remained significantly lower in the exercise group than in the control group. The relative hazard for all falls for the exercise group was 0.69 (95% confidence interval 0.49-0.97). The relative hazard for a fall resulting in a moderate or severe injury was 0.63 (95% confidence interval 0.42-0.95). Those complying with the exercise programme at 2 years had a higher level of physical activity at baseline, were more likely to have reported falling in the year before the study and had remained more confident in the first year about not falling compared with the rest of the exercise group. CONCLUSIONS: falls and injuries can be reduced by an individually tailored exercise programme in the home. For those who keep exercising, the benefit continues over a 2-year period.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/130/CN-00265130/frame.html										
R. Candinas, H. Gloor, F. Amann, M. Schoenbeck and M. Turina	1991	Activity-sensing rate responsive versus conventional fixed-rate pacing: a comparison of rate behavior and patient well-being during routine daily exercise		Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE			14		2 Pt 1	204-13						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial;		Activity-sensing rate responsive versus conventional fixed-rate pacing: a comparison of rate behavior and patient well-being during routine daily exercise								Pubmed 1706506						CN-00073990				Rate responsive single chamber pacing (VVIR) may be the pacemaker of choice in patients who are not suitable candidates for a dual chamber system. Several studies, most of them performed in an exercise laboratory, have shown a significantly higher exercise capacity demonstrating an improvement in cardiac output and anaerobic threshold compared to conventional fixed rate pacing (VVI). Expressing our idea that stress testing in an "artificial environment" on a bicycle or motor driven treadmill has its limitations and may be difficult to extend into patient's daily life, we designed an outdoor study imitating patient's daily activity. Twenty-one patients with an activity-sensing rate responsive pacemaker performed in a double blind fashion in VVI and VVIR mode the following test circuit: walking 170 meters on flat ground, 210 meters incline, climbing a flight of stairs, and the same circuit in reverse order, and therefore "downhill". Heart rate behavior was recorded by Holter monitoring and patients subjective feelings of well-being, i.e. fatigue and dyspnea were also evaluated. VVIR pacing responded promptly to exercise, i.e., walking on a flat ground, but no further significant increase in pacing rate was observed in relationship to the strength of physical activity while walking inclined or climbing stairs. While patients became exhausted, a nonphysiological decrease in heart rate sometimes occurred. Despite these limitations 6 of 12 patients who had a paced-only rhythm while exercising in both VVI and VVIR mode reported feeling significantly better in the VVIR mode, expressing less dyspnea and fatigue. In contrast, two of nine patients having only intermittently paced rhythm preferred the VVIR mode. Patients with lower ejection fraction (EF) were more likely to show subjectively a benefit while exercising in VVIR mode, compared to those with less reduced or normal EF. Despite the technical limitations of using a piezo crystal for rate adaptation, VVIR pacing is an important option in paced-only patients, but it seems less beneficial in patients with only intermittent paced rhythm.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/990/CN-00073990/frame.html										
D. Cannon, F. Kolkhorst and D. Cipriani	2007	Effect of pedaling technique on muscle activity and cycling efficiency		European journal of applied physiology			99		6	659-64						Randomized Controlled Trial		Effect of pedaling technique on muscle activity and cycling efficiency								Pubmed 17226060						CN-00577739				The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effect of talocrural joint position on muscle activity and gross mechanical efficiency (GE). Eleven trained cyclists participated in three randomized 6-min cycling bouts at approximately 80% of maximal aerobic capacity on an electromagnetically braked cycle ergometer while oxygen consumption and muscle activity (EMG) were monitored during the subject's self-selected pedaling technique (control) and while using a dorsi- and plantarflexed pedaling technique. The mean differences in range of motion of the dorsi- and plantarflexed technique from the control position were 7.1 +/- 4.4 and 6.9 +/- 5.4 degrees , respectively. Gastrocnemius EMG activity was higher with the dorsiflexion technique than when using the self-selected control position (33.2 +/- 13.0 and 24.2 +/- 8.4 microV s, respectively; P < 0.05). Moreover, GE was 2.6% lower while riding with the dorsiflexion technique than the control position (19.0 +/- 1.2 and 19.5 +/- 1.3%, respectively; P < 0.05). The data suggested that introducing more dorsiflexion into the pedal stroke of a trained cyclist increases muscle activity of the gastrocnemius lateralis and decreased GE when compared to the self-selected pedal stroke.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/739/CN-00577739/frame.html										
G. Cardon, V. Labarque, D. Smits and I. Bourdeaudhuij	2009	Promoting physical activity at the pre-school playground: the effects of providing markings and play equipment		Preventive medicine			48		4	335-40						Randomized Controlled Trial		Promoting physical activity at the pre-school playground: the effects of providing markings and play equipment								Pubmed 19236894						CN-00761352				OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the effects of providing play equipment and markings at the pre-school playground on physical activity engagement levels. METHODS: We performed a cluster randomised control trial. In November and December 2007, a convenience sample of 40 public pre-schools in Flanders, Belgium, was randomly assigned to one of the following conditions: 1) in 10 pre-schools play equipment was provided, 2) in 10 pre-schools markings were painted on the playground, 3) in 10 schools play equipment was provided and markings were painted, 4) 10 schools served as a control condition. Accelerometer-based physical activity levels during recess were evaluated at baseline and 4 to 6 weeks after the implementation of the intervention in 583 children (52% boys; mean age 5.3 years, SD 0.4). RESULTS: At baseline pre-schoolers spent only 11.2% (average: 4.7 min) of recess time in moderate to vigorous activity, while 61.3% (average: 25.7 min) was spent in sedentary activity. The interventions were not effective in increasing the average activity levels or the percentages of engagement in moderate or vigorous activity, or in decreasing sedentary time. CONCLUSION: Providing playground markings or play equipment is not sufficient to increase activity levels and decrease levels of sedentary activity during pre-school recess. More activating supervision and the inclusion of more structured physical activity seem needed.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/352/CN-00761352/frame.html										
R. Carels, L. Darby, S. Rydin, O. Douglass, H. Cacciapaglia and W. O'Brien	2005	The relationship between self-monitoring, outcome expectancies, difficulties with eating and exercise, and physical activity and weight loss treatment outcomes		Annals of behavioral medicine			30		3	182-90						Randomized Controlled Trial		The relationship between self-monitoring, outcome expectancies, difficulties with eating and exercise, and physical activity and weight loss treatment outcomes								Pubmed 16336069						CN-00553406				BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: During a behavioral weight loss program (BWLP), weight loss and exercise can vary considerably from week to week. Weekly fluctuations in outcome expectancies and perceived difficulties with eating and exercise may be associated with weekly variability in weight loss and exercise. Also, inconsistent self-monitoring of exercise may be associated with poor weight loss and physical activity treatment outcomes. METHODS: Forty obese, sedentary participants completed a 6-month BWLP. Body weight, outcome expectancies, and difficulties with eating and exercise were assessed weekly. Weekly self-monitoring of exercise was computed from physical activity diaries. Physical activity, VO2max, and caloric intake were assessed pre- and posttreatment. RESULTS: Within-subjects analyses indicated that participants exercised less during weeks that participants reported greater difficulties with exercise, relative to weeks participants reported fewer difficulties. Participants lost significantly more weight during weeks that participants reported more positive outcome expectancies and greater difficulties with exercise, compared to weeks participants reported less positive outcome expectancies and fewer difficulties with exercise. Consistent self-monitoring of exercise was associated with fewer difficulties with exercise and greater exercise and weight loss. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions that are targeted to increase self-monitoring and to improve transient difficulties with exercise and diminished outcome expectancies may improve BWLP treatment outcomes.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/406/CN-00553406/frame.html										
R. Carels, K. Young, C. Coit, A. Clayton, A. Spencer and M. Hobbs	2008	Can following the caloric restriction recommendations from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans help individuals lose weight?		Eating behaviors			9		3	328-35						Randomized Controlled Trial		Can following the caloric restriction recommendations from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans help individuals lose weight?								Pubmed 18549992						CN-00649001				BACKGROUND: The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend creating an energy deficit of at least 500 kcal a day to facilitate weight loss. This investigation examined the relationship between creating a consistent, self-reported energy deficit of at least 500 kcal a day and weight loss. The relationship between self-monitoring adherence and daily energy intake and expenditure and weight loss was also examined. METHODS: Fifty-four overweight or obese adults (BMI>or=27 kg/m(2)) participating in a 14-week weight loss program were given a 5% total body weight loss goal and instructed to create an energy deficit of at least 500 kcal a day to facilitate weight loss. Participants provided daily records of total energy intake and expenditure, physical activity, and weekly and overall weight loss during treatment. RESULTS: Individuals who averaged an energy deficit in excess of 500 kcal per day lost nearly four times the weight as individuals whose average energy deficit was below 500 kcal per day (p<.01). Individuals who lost 5% of their body weight during the intervention self-monitored more than twice as many days than individuals who failed to lose 5% of their body weight (p<.01). CONCLUSION: Individuals interested in losing weight should continue to be advised to regularly self-monitor energy intake and expenditure as well as to create a consistent daily energy deficit (e.g., 500 kcal day).			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/001/CN-00649001/frame.html										
J. Carey	1990	Manual stretch: effect on finger movement control and force control in stroke subjects with spastic extrinsic finger flexor muscles		Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation			71		11	888-94						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Manual stretch: effect on finger movement control and force control in stroke subjects with spastic extrinsic finger flexor muscles								Pubmed 2222157						CN-00070722				This study evaluated the effects of manual stretch of extrinsic finger flexor muscles on finger extension movement control and force control in 16 spastic hemiparetic subjects. These subjects were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group. A group of able-bodied subjects also participated. A joint-movement tracking test (JMTT) quantified control of active finger extension movement at the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger within the available range of active movement, and a force tracking test (FTT) quantified control of isometric finger extension force at the same joint within the subject's available force range. Electromyographic activity was monitored in the extensor digitorum and flexor digitorum superficialis muscles during both tracking tests. Manual stretch was applied to the extrinsic finger flexor muscles of the experimental group between the pretest and posttest tracking tests. The JMTT performances of both control (p less than .025) and experimental (p less than .05) groups were significantly subnormal on the pretest as were FTT performances of controls (p less than .01) and study subjects (p less than .03). The JMTT improvement on posttest was significantly greater (p less than .05) in subjects than in controls. However, the change in FTT performance was not significantly different between the two groups. Manual stretch treatment, properly applied to extrinsic finger flexor muscles, is an effective method of temporarily improving the control of finger extension movement in spastic hemiparetic subjects.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/722/CN-00070722/frame.html										
L. Carr, R. Bartee, C. Dorozynski, J. Broomfield, M. Smith and D. Smith	2009	Eight-month follow-up of physical activity and central adiposity: results from an Internet-delivered randomized control trial intervention		Journal of physical activity & health			6		4	444-55						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Eight-month follow-up of physical activity and central adiposity: results from an Internet-delivered randomized control trial intervention								Pubmed 19842458						CN-00722594				BACKGROUND: Less than half of U.S. adults engage in the recommended amount of physical activity (PA). Internet-delivered PA programs increase short-term PA but long-term adherence is largely equivocal. PURPOSE: To determine whether increased PA following the 16-week Internet-delivered Active Living Every Day (ALED-I) program is maintained 8 months later in sedentary and overweight rural adults. METHODS: In our previous randomized controlled trial (N = 32; 18 intent-to-treat controls, 14 ALED-I interventions), the ALED-I group increased PA (+1384 steps/day; E.S. = 0.95) and reduced central adiposity. Nine original intervention participants and ten delayed intent-to-treat control participants completed ALED-I and an 8-month followup. Pedometer-measured PA, anthropometric variables, and cardiometabolic disease risk factors were assessed at baseline, postintervention, and at 8 months. RESULTS: Control crossover participants increased PA (+1337 steps/ day; P = .04). Eight months following completion of ALED-I (N = 19), PA levels relapsed (-1340 steps/day) and were similar to levels before the intervention (6850 +/- 471 steps/day vs. 6755 +/- 543 steps/day; P = .89). Total cholesterol and triglycerides improved, -9.9% and -18.2%, respectively, and reductions in central adiposity were maintained (97.1 +/- 2.2 cm vs. 97.2 +/- 2.2 cm; P = .66). CONCLUSIONS: The ALED-I intervention was efficacious in the short-term but did not produce longer-term adherence to PA. Future theory-based internet-delivered interventions that produce habituation of increased PA are warranted.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/594/CN-00722594/frame.html										
L. Carr, S. Dunsiger, B. Lewis, J. Ciccolo, S. Hartman, B. Bock, G. Dominick and B. Marcus	2013	Randomized controlled trial testing an internet physical activity intervention for sedentary adults		Health psychology			32		3	328-36						Randomized Controlled Trial		Randomized controlled trial testing an internet physical activity intervention for sedentary adults								Pubmed 22823069						CN-00968490				OBJECTIVE: Internet-based physical activity (PA) interventions have shown promise, although findings remain equivocal. We used formative research to enhance a previously demonstrated program (Step into Motion) with the goal of developing an Internet program poised for dissemination. METHODS: We conducted focus groups to identify Internet features targeted to theoretical constructs (social cognitive theory) predictive of PA behavior and rated as "useful for increasing PA." We identified 5 theory-targeted Internet features as useful for increasing PA: (1) a PA tracking/logging calendar targeting self-monitoring and goal setting; (2) geographic mapping tools targeting perceived environment; (3) a discussion forum targeting social support; (4) exercise videos targeting observational learning; and (5) regular updates of peer PA progress targeting situation. We then tested the efficacy of the enhanced program (enhanced Internet, EI; N = 25) in relation to publicly available PA Websites (standard Internet, SI; N = 28) among 53 participants in a randomized controlled trial. RESULTS: The EI arm increased PA in relation to the SI arm at 3 months (18.4 to 186.0 min/wk vs. 20.9 to 57.3 min/wk; p = .03) but between-groups differences were not observed at 6 months (176.8 vs. 133.5 min/wk; p = .44). EI participants maintained PA from 3 to 6 months (186.0 to 176.8 min/wk), and the SI group increased PA (57.3 to 133.5 min/wk). CONCLUSION: The EI program was efficacious at improving PA levels in relation to publicly available Websites initially, but differences in PA levels were not maintained at 6 months. Future research should identify Internet features that promote long-term maintenance.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/490/CN-00968490/frame.html										
L. Carr, K. Karvinen, M. Peavler, R. Smith and K. Cangelosi	2013	Multicomponent intervention to reduce daily sedentary time: A randomised controlled trial		BMJ Open			3		10							Journal: Article		Multicomponent intervention to reduce daily sedentary time: A randomised controlled trial														CN-00915124				Objectives: To test the efficacy of a multicomponent technology intervention for reducing daily sedentary time and improving cardiometabolic disease risk among sedentary, overweight university employees. Design: Blinded, randomised controlled trial. Setting: A large south-eastern university in the USA. Participants: 49 middle-aged, primarily female, sedentary and overweight adults working in sedentary jobs enrolled in the study. A total of 40 participants completed the study. Interventions: Participants were randomised to either: (1) an intervention group (N=23; 47.6+9.9 years; 94.1% female; 33.2+4.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>); (2) or wait-list control group (N=17; 42.6+8.9 years; 86.9% female; 31.7 +4.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). The intervention group received a theory-based, internet-delivered programme, a portable pedal machine at work and a pedometer for 12 weeks. The wait-list control group maintained their behaviours for 12 weeks. Outcome measures: Primary (sedentary and physical activity behaviour measured objectively through StepWatch) and secondary (heart rate, blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, per cent body fat, cardiorespiratory fitness, fasting lipids) outcomes were measured at baseline and postintervention (12 weeks). Exploratory outcomes including intervention compliance and process evaluation measures were also assessed postintervention. Results: Compared to controls, the intervention group reduced daily sedentary time (mean change (95%CI): -58.7 min/day (-118.4 to 0.99; p<0.01)) after adjusting for baseline values and monitor wear time. Intervention participants logged on to the website 71.3% of all intervention days, used the pedal machine 37.7% of all working intervention days and pedalled an average of 31.1 min/day. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the intervention was engaging and resulted in reductions in daily sedentary time among full-time sedentary employees. These findings hold public health significance due to the growing number of sedentary jobs and the potential of these technologies in large-scale worksite programmes. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT01371084.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/124/CN-00915124/frame.html										
V. Carrieri-Kohlman, J. Gormley, M. Douglas, S. Paul and M. Stulbarg	1996	Exercise training decreases dyspnea and the distress and anxiety associated with it. Monitoring alone may be as effective as coaching		Chest			110		6	1526-35						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Exercise training decreases dyspnea and the distress and anxiety associated with it. Monitoring alone may be as effective as coaching								Pubmed 8989072						CN-00135582				STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether exercise training with coaching is more effective than exercise training alone in reducing dyspnea and the anxiety and distress associated with it and improving exercise performance, self-efficacy for walking, and dyspnea with activities of daily living. DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial of 51 dyspnea-limited patients with COPD assigned to monitored (n = 27) or coached (n = 24) exercise groups. SETTING: Outpatient area of university teaching hospital. INTERVENTION: Both groups completed 12 supervised treadmill training sessions (phase 1) over 4 weeks followed by 8 weeks of home walking (phase 2). The CE group also received coaching during training. MEASUREMENTS: Perceived work of breathing, dyspnea intensity, distress associated with dyspnea, and anxiety associated with dyspnea were rated on a visual analog scale during incremental treadmill testing and after 6-min walks before and after phase 1. Dyspnea with activities of daily living, self-efficacy for walking, state anxiety, and 6-min walks were measured before and after both phases. RESULTS: Dyspnea and the associated distress and anxiety improved significantly for both groups relative to work performed and in relation to ventilation (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between groups in any outcomes. The phase 1 improvement in laboratory dyspnea was accompanied by improvements in dyspnea with activities of daily living (p < 0.01) and self-efficacy for home walking (p < 0.01) that were sustained during the home phase. CONCLUSIONS: Coaching with exercise training was no more effective than exercise training alone in improving exercise performance, dyspnea, and the anxiety and distress associated with it, dyspnea with activities, and self-efficacy for walking.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/582/CN-00135582/frame.html										
J. Carter, D. Wilkinson, S. Blacker, M. Rayson, J. Bilzon, R. Izard, A. Coward, A. Wright, A. Nevill, K. Rennie, T. McCaffrey and B. Livingstone	2008	An investigation of a novel three-dimensional activity monitor to predict free-living energy expenditure		Journal of Sports Sciences			26		6	553-61					Apr	Evaluation Studies
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		An investigation of a novel three-dimensional activity monitor to predict free-living energy expenditure	J Sports Sci	0264-0414												18344125				The aim of this study was to assess the capability of the 3dNX accelerometer to predict energy expenditure in two separate, free-living cohorts. Twenty-three adolescents and 14 young adults took a single dose of doubly labelled water and wore a 3dNX activity monitor during waking hours for a 10-day period while carrying out their normal routines. Multiple linear regression with backward elimination was used to establish the strength of the associations between various indices of energy expenditure, physical activity counts, and anthropometric variables. 3dNX output accounted for 27% and 35% of the variance in the total energy expenditure of the adolescent and young adult cohort, respectively. The explained variance increased to 78%, with a standard error of estimate of 7%, when 3dNX output was combined with body composition variables. The 3dNX accelerometer can be used to predict free-living daily energy expenditure with a standard error of estimate of 1.65 MJ in adolescents and 1.52 MJ in young adults. The inclusion of anthropometric variables reduces the error to approximately 1 MJ. Although it remains to cross-validate these models in other populations, early indications suggest that the 3dNX provides a useful method of predicting energy expenditure in free-living individuals.	Carter, James
Wilkinson, David
Blacker, Sam
Rayson, Mark
Bilzon, James
Izard, Rachel
Coward, Andy
Wright, Antony
Nevill, Alan
Rennie, Kirsten
McCaffrey, Tracey
Livingstone, Barbara
MC_U105960396 (United Kingdom Medical Research Council)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medc&AN=18344125http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+Corrections&genre=article&id=pmid:18344125&id=doi:10.1080%2F02640410701708979&issn=0264-0414&volume=26&issue=6&spage=553&pages=553-61&date=2008&title=Journal+of+Sports+Sciences&atitle=An+investigation+of+a+novel+three-dimensional+activity+monitor+to+predict+free-living+energy+expenditure.&aulast=Carter&pid=%3Cauthor%3ECarter+J%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E18344125%3C%2FAN%3E		Optimal Performance Ltd., Bristol, UK. james@optimalperformance.co.uk						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. Carter, V. Burley, C. Nykjaer and J. Cade	2014	Adherence to a smartphone application for weight loss compared to website and paper diary: pilot randomized controlled trial		Journal of medical Internet research			15		4	e32						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Adherence to a smartphone application for weight loss compared to website and paper diary: pilot randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 23587561						CN-00915767				BACKGROUND: There is growing interest in the use of information communication technologies to treat obesity. An intervention delivered by smartphone could be a convenient, potentially cost-effective, and wide-reaching weight management strategy. Although there have been studies of texting-based interventions and smartphone applications (apps) used as adjuncts to other treatments, there are currently no randomized controlled trials (RCT) of a stand-alone smartphone application for weight loss that focuses primarily on self-monitoring of diet and physical activity. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this pilot study was to collect acceptability and feasibility outcomes of a self-monitoring weight management intervention delivered by a smartphone app, compared to a website and paper diary. METHODS: A sample of 128 overweight volunteers were randomized to receive a weight management intervention delivered by smartphone app, website, or paper diary. The smartphone app intervention, My Meal Mate (MMM), was developed by the research team using an evidence-based behavioral approach. The app incorporates goal setting, self-monitoring of diet and activity, and feedback via weekly text message. The website group used an existing commercially available slimming website from a company called Weight Loss Resources who also provided the paper diaries. The comparator groups delivered a similar self-monitoring intervention to the app, but by different modes of delivery. Participants were recruited by email, intranet, newsletters, and posters from large local employers. Trial duration was 6 months. The intervention and comparator groups were self-directed with no ongoing human input from the research team. The only face-to-face components were at baseline enrollment and brief follow-up sessions at 6 weeks and 6 months to take anthropometric measures and administer questionnaires. RESULTS: Trial retention was 40/43 (93%) in the smartphone group, 19/42 (55%) in the website group, and 20/43 (53%) in the diary group at 6 months. Adherence was statistically significantly higher in the smartphone group with a mean of 92 days (SD 67) of dietary recording compared with 35 days (SD 44) in the website group and 29 days (SD 39) in the diary group (P<.001). Self-monitoring declined over time in all groups. In an intention-to-treat analysis using baseline observation carried forward for missing data, mean weight change at 6 months was -4.6 kg (95% CI -6.2 to -3.0) in the smartphone app group, -2.9 kg (95% CI -4.7 to -1.1) in the diary group, and -1.3 kg (95% CI -2.7 to 0.1) in the website group. BMI change at 6 months was -1.6 kg/m(2) (95% CI -2.2 to -1.1) in the smartphone group, -1.0 kg/m(2) (95% CI -1.6 to -0.4) in the diary group, and -0.5 kg/m(2) (95% CI -0.9 to 0.0) in the website group. Change in body fat was -1.3% (95% CI -1.7 to -0.8) in the smartphone group, -0.9% (95% CI -1.5 to -0.4) in the diary group, and -0.5% (95% CI -0.9 to 0.0) in the website group. CONCLUSIONS: The MMM app is an acceptable and feasible weight loss intervention and a full RCT of this approach is warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01744535; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01744535 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6FEtc3PVB).			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/767/CN-00915767/frame.html										
A. Carunchio, M. Fera, L. Bordi, R. Daniele, F. Rulli, C. Coletta, M. Burattini, G. Greco, M. Martinelli, A. Porzio, F. Lumia and V. Ceci	2000	[The effect of cardiovascular rehabilitation on the variability of the RR cycle after a first uncomplicated acute myocardial infarct]		Italian heart journal. Supplement			1		2	241-9						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; English Abstract; Randomized Controlled Trial		[The effect of cardiovascular rehabilitation on the variability of the RR cycle after a first uncomplicated acute myocardial infarct]								Pubmed 10731382						CN-00276466				BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to verify the changes in the autonomic balance by means of heart rate variability assessment in patients with myocardial infarction referred for cardiac rehabilitation. METHODS: We studied 122 patients (79 males, 43 females, mean age 56 +/- 5 years), with a first uncomplicated myocardial infarction (anterior 48, thrombolysis 72), Killip class 1, preserved left ventricular function (ejection fraction 49 +/- 6%). All patients were free of inducible residual ischemia. Four weeks after myocardial infarction, patients were randomized into two groups; Group 1 (n = 58) referred for an 8 week cardiac rehabilitation program (scheduled: 24 sessions); Group 2 (n = 64): normal daily physical activity. During a 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring the following parameters were calculated in pharmacological wash-out at randomization (T0) and at the end of cardiac rehabilitation/control period (T1): mean value of RR intervals (RR), its standard deviation (SDNN), pNN50, rMSSD in the time domain; low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) value and the LF/HF ratio in the frequency domain. T1-T0 changes in percent values (delta %) were considered and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients were excluded from the study either for insufficient adhesion to the cardiac rehabilitation program (< 13 sessions, 22 patients) or recurrent ischemia (3 Group 1 patients and 3 Group 2 patients) and non-assessable 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring (3 patients). Thirty-one Group 1 patients and 60 Group 2 patients completed the study with a first and a second 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring performed at 30 +/- 3 days and 60 +/- 4 days respectively. At the same time an ergospirometric test was performed to evaluate cardiopulmonary function by means of exercise time, maximum oxygen consumption, anaerobic threshold, exercise time at the anaerobic threshold, and maximum oxygen consumption at the anaerobic threshold. Twenty-eight Group 1 patients and 44 Group 2 patients completed the study with a first and a second ergospirometric test. Baseline heart rate variability parameters were comparable in the two groups. During the observation period only in Group 1 patients heart rate variability parameters changed significantly: RR (Group 1 = +18.3 +/- 21.3; Group 2 = +4.2 +/- 5.2, p = 0.000), pNN50 (Group 1 = 45.0 +/- 38.9; Group 2 = +24.2 +/- 34.7, p = 0.011), HF (Group 1 = +81.6 +/- 124; Group 2 = -28.7 +/- 75.4, p = 0.014) and LF/HF ratio (Group 1 = -26.0 +/- 16.1; Group 2 = -4.9 +/- 6.1, p = 0.062). There were no significant differences in SDNN, rMSSD and LF. A linear correlation between delta LF/HF ratio and baseline LF/HF ratio values was found in Group 1 (r = 0.489, p = 0.006), whereas no correlation was found between this parameter and age, ejection fraction, creatine phosphokinase, and infarct localization. Group 1 patients had a significant improvement in exercise tolerance compared to Group 2 patients. CONCLUSIONS: A cardiac rehabilitation program positively modifies the sympatho-vagal balance in patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction, increasing the parasympathetic tone and exercise tolerance.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/466/CN-00276466/frame.html										
R. Casaburi, J. Porszasz, A. Hecht, B. Tiep, R. Albert and N. Anthonisen	2012	Influence of lightweight ambulatory oxygen on oxygen use and activity patterns of COPD patients receiving long-term oxygen therapy		Copd			9		1	3-11								Influence of lightweight ambulatory oxygen on oxygen use and activity patterns of COPD patients receiving long-term oxygen therapy														CN-00836892				Lightweight ambulatory oxygen devices are provided on the assumptions that they enhance compliance and increase activity, but data to support these assumptions are lacking. We studied 22 patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease receiving long-term oxygen therapy (14 men, average age = 66.9 y, FEV1 = 33.6%pred, PaO2 at rest = 51.7 torr) who were using E-cylinders as their portable oxygen. Subjects were recruited at 5 sites and studied over a 2-week baseline period and for 6 months after randomizing them to either continuing to use 22-lb E-cylinders towed on a cart or to carrying 3.6-lb aluminum cylinders. Utilizing novel electronic devices, ambulatory and stationary oxygen use was monitored continuously over the 2 weeks prior to and the 6 months following randomization. Subjects wore tri-axial accelerometers to monitor physical activity during waking hours for 23 weeks prior to, and at 3 and 6 months after, randomization. Seventeen subjects completed the study. At baseline, subjects used 17.2 hours of stationary and 2.5 hours of ambulatory oxygen daily. At 6 months, ambulatory oxygen use was 1.4 +/- 1.0 hrs in those randomized to E-cylinders and 1.9 +/- 2.4 hrs in those using lightweight oxygen (P = NS). Activity monitoring revealed low activity levels prior to randomization and no significant increase over time in either group. In this group of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, providing lightweight ambulatory oxygen did not increase either oxygen use or activity. Future efforts might focus on strategies to encourage oxygen use and enhance activity in this patient group. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT003257540). 2012 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/892/CN-00836892/frame.html										
R. Casaburi, J. Porszasz, A. Hecht, B. Tiep, R. Albert, N. Anthonisen, W. Bailey, J. Connett, J. Cooper, G. Criner, J. Curtis, M. Dransfield, S. Lazarus, B. Make, F. Martinez, C. McEvoy, D. Niewoehner, J. Reilly, P. Scanlon, S. Scharf, F. Sciurba and P. Woodruff	2012	Influence of lightweight ambulatory oxygen on oxygen use and activity patterns of COPD patients receiving long-term oxygen therapy		Copd			9		1	3-11						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Influence of lightweight ambulatory oxygen on oxygen use and activity patterns of COPD patients receiving long-term oxygen therapy								Pubmed 22292592						CN-00844165				Lightweight ambulatory oxygen devices are provided on the assumptions that they enhance compliance and increase activity, but data to support these assumptions are lacking. We studied 22 patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease receiving long-term oxygen therapy (14 men, average age = 66.9 y, FEV(1) = 33.6%pred, PaO(2) at rest = 51.7 torr) who were using E-cylinders as their portable oxygen. Subjects were recruited at 5 sites and studied over a 2-week baseline period and for 6 months after randomizing them to either continuing to use 22-lb E-cylinders towed on a cart or to carrying 3.6-lb aluminum cylinders. Utilizing novel electronic devices, ambulatory and stationary oxygen use was monitored continuously over the 2 weeks prior to and the 6 months following randomization. Subjects wore tri-axial accelerometers to monitor physical activity during waking hours for 2-3 weeks prior to, and at 3 and 6 months after, randomization. Seventeen subjects completed the study. At baseline, subjects used 17.2 hours of stationary and 2.5 hours of ambulatory oxygen daily. At 6 months, ambulatory oxygen use was 1.4 ± 1.0 hrs in those randomized to E-cylinders and 1.9 ± 2.4 hrs in those using lightweight oxygen (P = NS). Activity monitoring revealed low activity levels prior to randomization and no significant increase over time in either group. In this group of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, providing lightweight ambulatory oxygen did not increase either oxygen use or activity. Future efforts might focus on strategies to encourage oxygen use and enhance activity in this patient group. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT003257540).			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/165/CN-00844165/frame.html										
M. Casadio, A. Pressman, S. Acosta, Z. Danzinger, A. Fishbach, F. Mussa-Ivaldi, K. Muir, H. Tseng and D. Chen	2011	Body machine interface: remapping motor skills after spinal cord injury		IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics			2011			5975384						Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Body machine interface: remapping motor skills after spinal cord injury								Pubmed 22275588						CN-00881400				The goal of a body-machine interface (BMI) is to map the residual motor skills of the users into efficient patterns of control. The interface is subject to two processes of learning: while users practice controlling the assistive device, the interface modifies itself based on the user's residual abilities and preferences. In this study, we combined virtual reality and movement capture technologies to investigate the reorganization of movements that occurs when individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) are allowed to use a broad spectrum of body motions to perform different tasks. Subjects, over multiple sessions, used their upper body movements to engage in exercises that required different operational functions such as controlling a keyboard for playing a videogame, driving a simulated wheelchair in a virtual reality (VR) environment, and piloting a cursor on a screen for reaching targets. In particular, we investigated the possibility of reducing the dimensionality of the control signals by finding repeatable and stable correlations of movement signals, established both by the presence of biomechanical constraints and by learned patterns of coordination. The outcomes of these investigations will provide guidance for further studies of efficient remapping of motor coordination for the control of assistive devices and are a basis for a new training paradigm in which the burden of learning is significantly removed from the impaired subjects and shifted to the devices.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/400/CN-00881400/frame.html										
C. M. Casey, J. A. Bennett, K. Winters-Stone, G. J. Knafl and H. M. Young	2014	Measuring activity levels associated with rehabilitative care in hospitalized older adults		Geriatric Nursing						S3-s10								Measuring activity levels associated with rehabilitative care in hospitalized older adults		0197-4572												2012546409. Language: English. Entry Date: 20140502. Revision Date: 20140509. Publication Type: journal article				Older adults often experience functional losses during hospitalization. Clinical care activities have been increasingly promoted as a way to help older hospitalized patients offset these losses and recover from acute illness. Little research exists to objectively measure clinical care activities. This study evaluated the utility and feasibility of using the Actiheart™, a combined heart rate monitor and accelerometer, to measure heart rate and motion (activity counts) during five clinical care activities. Fifty-four adults, aged 65 and older, scheduled for surgery, participated in a simulation of activities. The Actiheart™ successfully measured motion and heart rate during each of the five activities. One-way repeated measures analyses of variance showed that the Actiheart™ discriminated significant differences within and across the five activities. This study supports the use of an activity monitor to quantify clinical care activities in research studies that can be translated into clinical care. However, the complexity associated with data collection and analysis using the Actiheart™ could limit its direct use in clinical research.	pictorial; research; tables/charts. Supplement Title: Supplement. Journal Subset: Core Nursing; Nursing; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Gerontologic Care. Instrumentation: Brief Co-Morbidity Questionnaire (BCMQ). Grant Information: National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Nursing Research Individual National Research Service Award, as well as the John A. Hartford Foundation QAHF) Building Academic Geriatric Nursing Capacity Predoctoral Scholarship. No. of Refs: 41 ref. NLM UID: 8309633.		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2012546409&site=ehost-live		Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, L-475, Portland, OR 97239, USA
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
University of California-Davis, USA						rzh	EBSCOhost	
D. Casey, M. Civita and K. Dasgupta	2010	Understanding physical activity facilitators and barriers during and following a supervised exercise programme in Type 2 diabetes: a qualitative study		Diabetic medicine			27		1	79-84						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Understanding physical activity facilitators and barriers during and following a supervised exercise programme in Type 2 diabetes: a qualitative study								Pubmed 20121893						CN-00781990				AIMS: To assess barriers and facilitators of participation in a supervised exercise programme, and adherence to exercise after programme completion. METHODS: Focus group discussions addressed factors which could facilitate attendance, current engagement in exercise, reasons for continuing or discontinuing regular exercise and ways to integrate exercise into daily life. Three focus groups, with a total of 16 participants, were led by a trained moderator; audiotapes were transcribed verbatim; transcripts were coded and themes were identified. Themes that recurred across all three focus groups were considered to have achieved saturation. RESULTS: Motivation was the most critical factor in exercising both during and following the programme. Participants appreciated the monitoring, encouragement and accountability provided by programme staff. They voiced a need for better transition to post-programme realities of less support and supervision. Co-morbid conditions were apt to derail them from a regular exercise routine. They viewed the optimal programme as having even greater scheduling flexibility and being closer to them geographically. Post-programme, walking emerged as the most frequent form of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Adults with Type 2 diabetes require long-term monitoring and support for physical activity and exercise.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/990/CN-00781990/frame.html										
D. Castelli, C. Hillman, J. Hirsch, A. Hirsch and E. Drollette	2011	FIT Kids: Time in target heart zone and cognitive performance		Preventive medicine			52 Suppl 1			S55-9						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		FIT Kids: Time in target heart zone and cognitive performance								Pubmed 21281671						CN-00801807				OBJECTIVE: This present study examined time spent in the target heart zone (THZ) and its relationship to tasks requiring variable amounts of executive control function in prepubescent children participating in a 9-month randomized controlled physical activity program. METHODS: A sample of 59 participants performed the Stroop Color-Word Test and the Comprehensive Trail Making Test cognitive assessments. Heart rate data were collected during participation in the physical activity program using E600 heart rate monitors (Polar, Finland). RESULTS: There was a significant difference, F(1, 58)=7.44, p <.009, between males and females for relative VO2max, but not absolute (p=.69) or percent VO2max (p=.73). Regression analysis identified KBIT, age, and mean time above the THZ as significant predictors of performance in the Stroop Color-Word condition, F(1, 56)=5.21, p=.02. KBIT and mean time above the THZ were significant predictors for Trails B, F(1, 56)=7.60. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that heart rate, as a measure of physical activity intensity, should be closely monitored during research that is intended to make inferences about its effects on cognitive performance as participation in vigorous activities may have specific benefits over lower intensities among prepubescent children.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/807/CN-00801807/frame.html										
G. Castelnuovo, G. Manzoni, P. Cuzziol, G. Cesa, S. Corti, C. Tuzzi, V. Villa, A. Liuzzi, M. Petroni and E. Molinari	2011	TECNOB study: Ad interim results of a randomized controlled trial of a multidisciplinary telecare intervention for obese patients with type-2 diabetes		Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health			7			44-50						Journal: Article		TECNOB study: Ad interim results of a randomized controlled trial of a multidisciplinary telecare intervention for obese patients with type-2 diabetes														CN-00896453				Background: Obesity increases the risk of many health complications such as hypertension, coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes, needs long-lasting treatment for effective results and involves high public and private care-costs. Therefore, it is imperative that enduring and low-cost clinical programs for obesity and related co-morbidities are developed and evaluated. Information and communication technologies (ICT) can help clinicians to deliver treatment in a cost-effective and time-saving manner to a large number of obese individuals with co-morbidities. Objective: To examine ad interim effectiveness of a 12-month multidisciplinary telecare intervention for weight loss provided to obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Design, Setting, and Participants: A single-center randomized controlled trial (TECNOB study) started in December 2008. At present, 72 obese patients with type 2 diabetes have been recruited and randomly allocated to the TECNOB program (n=37) or to a control condition (n=39). However, only 34 participants have completed at least the 3-month follow-up and have been included in this ad interim analysis. 21 out of them have reached also the 6-month follow-up and 13 have achieved the end of the program. Study is still on-going. Intervention: All participants attended 1-month inpatient intensive program that involved individualized medical care, diet therapy, physical training and brief psychological counseling. At discharge, participants allocated to the TECNOB program were instructed to use a weight-loss web-site, a web-based videoconference tool, a dietary software installed into their cellular phones and an electronic armband measuring daily steps and energy expenditure. Main Outcome Measures: Weight and disordered eating-related behaviors and cognitions (EDI-2) at entry to hospital, at discharge from hospital, at 3,6 and 12 months. Results: Ad interim analysis of data from 34 participants showed no statistically significant difference between groups in weight change at any time-point. However, within-group analysis revealed significant reductions of initial weight at discharge from hospital, at 3 months, at 6 months but not at 12 months. Control group had higher scores in Interpersonal distrust at 12 months. Conclusion: This ad interim findings revealed that the effect of the inpatient treatment was high and probably overwhelmed the effect of the TECNOB intervention. Much statistical power and long-term follow-up may enhance the probability to detect the TECNOB effect over and above the great one exerted by the inpatient program. Castelnuovo et al.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/453/CN-00896453/frame.html										
G. Castelnuovo, G. Manzoni, V. Villa, G. Cesa, G. Pietrabissa and E. Molinari	2011	The STRATOB study: design of a randomized controlled clinical trial of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Brief Strategic Therapy with telecare in patients with obesity and binge-eating disorder referred to residential nutritional rehabilitation		Trials			12			114						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The STRATOB study: design of a randomized controlled clinical trial of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Brief Strategic Therapy with telecare in patients with obesity and binge-eating disorder referred to residential nutritional rehabilitation								Pubmed 21554734						CN-00800149				BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity are linked with binge eating disorder (BED). Effective interventions to significantly reduce weight, maintain weight loss and manage associated pathologies like BED are typically combined treatment options (dietetic, nutritional, physical, behavioral, cognitive-behavioral, pharmacological, surgical). Significant difficulties with regard to availability, costs, treatment adherence and long-term efficacy are present. Particularly Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is the therapeutic approach indicated both in in-patient and in out-patient settings for BED. In recent years systemic and systemic-strategic psychotherapies have been implemented to treat patients with obesity and BED involved in familiar problems. Particularly a brief protocol for the systemic-strategic treatment of BED, using overall the strategic dialogue, has been recently developed. Moreover telemedicine, a new promising low cost method, has been used for obesity with BED in out-patient settings in order to avoid relapse after the in-patient step of treatment and to keep on a continuity of care with the involvement of the same clinical in-patient team. METHODS: The comparison between CBT and Brief Strategic Therapy (BST) will be assessed in a two-arm randomized controlled clinical trial. Due to the novelty of the application of BST in BED treatment (no other RCTs including BST have been carried out), a pilot study will be carried out before conducting a large scale randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT). Both CBT and BST group will follow an in-hospital treatment (diet, physical activity, dietitian counseling, 8 psychological sessions) plus 8 out-patient telephone-based sessions of psychological support and monitoring with the same in-patient psychotherapists. Primary outcome measure of the randomized trial will be the change in the Global Index of the Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45.2). Secondary outcome measures will be the percentage of BED patients remitted considering the number of weekly binge episodes and the weight loss. Data will be collected at baseline, at discharge from the hospital (c.a. 1 month after) and after 6-12-24 months from the end of the in-hospital treatment. Data at follow-up time points will be collected through tele-sessions. DISCUSSION: The STRATOB (Systemic and STRATegic psychotherapy for OBesity), a comprehensive two-phase stepped down program enhanced by telepsychology for the medium-term treatment of obese people with BED seeking intervention for weight loss, will shed light about the comparison of the effectiveness of the BST with the gold standard CBT and about the continuity of care at home using a low-level of telecare (mobile phones). TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01096251			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/149/CN-00800149/frame.html										
A. Castro, A. Liebold, J. Vincente, T. Dungan and J. Allen	1996	Evaluation of autosensing as an automatic means of maintaining a 2:1 sensing safety margin in an implanted pacemaker. Autosensing Investigation Team		Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE			19		11 Pt 2	1708-13						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Evaluation of autosensing as an automatic means of maintaining a 2:1 sensing safety margin in an implanted pacemaker. Autosensing Investigation Team								Pubmed 8945028						CN-00134357				As intracardiac signal amplitudes fluctuate due to patient activity, drug intake, and other factors, it is imperative that an adequate sensing safety margin in an implanted pacemaker be used to compensate. We studied an investigational autosensing feature that automatically adjusts the device's sensitivity. Data were collected from 55 patients, with Intermedics model 292-03 or 294-03 pacemakers, upon inclusion of the study (Visit 1); 1 month postinclusion (Visit 2); 1 month, 1 day postinclusion (Visit 3); then 1 month, 2 days postinclusion (Visit 4). Atrial (N = 45) and/or ventricular (N = 54) thresholds were assessed at each visit; during Visit 2, myopotential tests were performed at two sensitivity settings. Autosensing was activated following Visit 1, then programmed on randomly at Visit 2 or Visit 3. From Visit 2-Visit 4, patients were monitored during daily activities (D), exercise (E), and sleep (S) with 24-hour Holter. With Autosensing on, atrial undersensing episodes were D = 33 (P > 0.2), and S = 28 (p < 0.05); ventricular undersensing episodes were D = 6 (p > 0.5). Ventricular oversensing episodes were S = 2; atrial oversensing episodes were S = 34 (p > 0.5), D = 2, and E = 3. Comparing Autosensing adjusted sensitivity with the recommended 2:1 safety margin, 4 patients (p = 0.15) experienced atrial myopotential oversensing, and 2 patients (p = 0.15) ventricular. No unanticipated clinical events occurred. Compared with the recommended 2:1 sensing safety margin, the Autosensing feature performed equal to manual programming in preventing episodes of under/oversensing, and was better for atrial undersensing during sleep. Autosensing obviates the need for periodic reprogramming of a fixed sensitivity value.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/357/CN-00134357/frame.html										
C. Castro, S. Wilcox, P. O'Sullivan, K. Baumann and A. King	2002	An exercise program for women who are caring for relatives with dementia		Psychosomatic medicine			64		3	458-68						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		An exercise program for women who are caring for relatives with dementia								Pubmed 12021419						CN-00389201				OBJECTIVE: This study describes factors related to retention and adherence to an exercise program for women caregivers. METHODS: One hundred sedentary women (average age = 62 years) caring for relatives with dementia were randomly assigned to an exercise program or an attention control (nutrition education) condition. Participants in the exercise condition received 12 months of home-based exercise counseling to achieve at least four exercise sessions per week, for at least 30 minutes per session. Adherence was tracked through monthly exercise logs, validated in a subsample by ambulatory heart rate and motion monitors. Participants also completed a psychosocial questionnaire battery at baseline and 12 months after randomization. RESULTS: Participants achieved a 12-month average exercise adherence rate of 74% (ie, three exercise sessions per week) with an average of 35 minutes per session. At 12 months, the exercise condition demonstrated increased knowledge of the benefits of exercise and increased motivational readiness for exercise compared with the nutrition education condition. Both groups significantly improved in perceived stress, burden, and depression from baseline to posttest. Women who were older, less depressed, and more anxious at baseline showed better program retention, and lower baseline depression was associated with better exercise adherence. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the feasibility and success of delivering home-based health promotion counseling for improving physical activity levels in a highly stressed and burdened population. Given the independent risk factors of caregiving and physical inactivity on mortality, programs to improve healthful behaviors are needed to preserve the health of caregivers as they undertake this important familial and societal role.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/201/CN-00389201/frame.html										
S. Caswell, A. Craigie, J. Wardle, M. Stead and A. Anderson	2012	Detailed protocol for the lifestyle intervention in the BeWEL randomised controlled trial of weight loss in adults who have had a colorectal adenoma		BMJ Open			2		3							Journal: Article		Detailed protocol for the lifestyle intervention in the BeWEL randomised controlled trial of weight loss in adults who have had a colorectal adenoma														CN-00904108				Introduction: The BeWEL study is aimed at assessing the impact of a personalised lifestyle programme on body weight in people at risk of developing colorectal adenomas. The study is a two-arm multicentre randomised controlled trial comparing the BeWEL lifestyle programme against usual care. Over 12 months, 316 people who have had a colorectal adenoma removed through the national screening programme will be randomised to provide 80% power to detect a weight loss (primary outcome) of 7% over 12 months. Methods: The 12-month intervention will be delivered by lifestyle counsellors via three face-to-face visits followed by nine monthly telephone support calls. Consultant endorsement for the study will be stressed. An individualised caloric prescription based on estimates for weight maintenance -600 kcal will be calculated. Motivational interviewing techniques will be used to identify personal motivations for weight change and ways to improve perceived self-efficacy. The programme will utilise personalised diet and physical activity data from baseline measures to set behavioural goals. A range of behavioural strategies will be employed to support lifestyle change including goal setting, identifying specific implementation intentions, self-monitoring and feedback. Emphasis will be placed on self-monitoring body weight, and weighing scales will be provided. Programme acceptability will be explored postintervention with indepth interviews. Compliance and impact will be assessed by baseline and follow-up measures of diet by self-report, activity by accelerometry and anthropometry. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval has been obtained from the Tayside Committee on Medical Research Ethics. Dissemination of results will focus on publications in peer-reviewed journals, presentations at national/international cancer meetings and NHS groups. In addition, the work will be communicated to the public through forums such at The Scottish Cancer Prevention Network (http://www. cancerpreventionscotland.co.uk/). The trial is registered with Current Controlled Trials (International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials No: ISRCTN53033856).			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/108/CN-00904108/frame.html										
J. A. Cauley, R. E. La Porte, R. B. Sandler, T. J. Orchard, C. W. Slemenda and A. M. Petrini	1986	The relationship of physical activity to high density lipoprotein cholesterol in postmenopausal women		Journal of Chronic Diseases			39		9	687-97						Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		The relationship of physical activity to high density lipoprotein cholesterol in postmenopausal women	J Chronic Dis	0021-9681												3525598				The relationships of physical activity to total HDL, HDL-2 and HDL-3 cholesterol were examined in 255 white postmenopausal women, mean age, 57.6 years. Physical activity was measured by the Paffenbarger Index (a composite index of walking, stair climbing and sports in the past week); by a modified Paffenbarger which included only sport activities; and by an objective activity monitor (LSI). Depending on which activity measure was used, different univariate relationships between physical activity and the HDL-cholesterol subfractions were noted. Physical activity, as measured by sport kcal/week or by objective monitors was related to HDL-2 cholesterol [r = 0.22 (p less than 0.01)] and [r = 0.19 (p less than 0.01)], respectively, but not to HDL-3 cholesterol. Physical activity, as measured by the Paffenbarger kcal/week was only related to HDL-3 [r = 0.15 (p less than 0.05)]. Multiple regression analyses revealed that sport activity was significantly related to total HDL and HDL-2 cholesterol. Activity as measured by objective monitors was not independently related to either HDL-total or HDL-2. Activity as measured by the Paffenbarger kcal/week was an independent determinant of HDL-3, after controlling for body fatness. Insulin, caloric intake and liver function were analyzed as possible underlying mechanisms, but we could not demonstrate any mediating or interacting effect on any of these mechanisms for the association of HDL-cholesterol to physical activity.	Cauley, J A
La Porte, R E
Sandler, R B
Orchard, T J
Slemenda, C W
Petrini, A M
AM21190 (United States NIADDK NIH HHS)
AM32444 (United States NIADDK NIH HHS)
NU05735 (United States BHP HRSA HHS) etc.		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=3525598http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1980+to+1987%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:3525598&id=doi:&issn=0021-9681&volume=39&issue=9&spage=687&pages=687-97&date=1986&title=Journal+of+Chronic+Diseases&atitle=The+relationship+of+physical+activity+to+high+density+lipoprotein+cholesterol+in+postmenopausal+women.&aulast=Cauley&pid=%3Cauthor%3ECauley+JA%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E3525598%3C%2FAN%3E								MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. A. Cauley, R. E. LaPorte, R. B. Sandler, M. M. Schramm and A. M. Kriska	1987	Comparison of methods to measure physical activity in postmenopausal women		American Journal of Clinical Nutrition			45		1	14-22					Jan	Clinical Trial
Comparative Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Comparison of methods to measure physical activity in postmenopausal women	Am J Clin Nutr	0002-9165												3799499				Five methods for assessing physical activity were evaluated in a population of 255 white, postmenopausal women participating in a randomized trial on the effects of walking on bone loss. Methods were the Paffenbarger survey, a modified Paffenbarger, the large-scale integrated activity monitor (LSI), caloric intake, and the Baecke survey. Significant increase in physical activity was observed in the intervention group. Activity measures were weakly related to each other. Results of factor analyses suggest that factor I reflected voluntary leisure-time pursuits (such as walking) and factor II, activities of daily living. Participation in sports was not a significant contributor to overall activity of the women. Research on physical activity must define the particular dimension of activity measured. Several types of instruments should be used because different instruments reflect different activity patterns which, in turn, may be differentially related to disease.	Cauley, J A
LaPorte, R E
Sandler, R B
Schramm, M M
Kriska, A M
AM32290 (United States NIADDK NIH HHS)
AM32444 (United States NIADDK NIH HHS)
NU05735 (United States BHP HRSA HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=3799499http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1980+to+1987%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:3799499&id=doi:&issn=0002-9165&volume=45&issue=1&spage=14&pages=14-22&date=1987&title=American+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&atitle=Comparison+of+methods+to+measure+physical+activity+in+postmenopausal+women.&aulast=Cauley&pid=%3Cauthor%3ECauley+JA%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E3799499%3C%2FAN%3E								MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. Cauley, A. Kriska, R. LaPorte, R. Sandler and G. Pambianco	1987	A two year randomized exercise trial in older women: effects on HDL-cholesterol		Atherosclerosis			66		3	247-58						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		A two year randomized exercise trial in older women: effects on HDL-cholesterol								Pubmed 3307795						CN-00049991				Most of the research on the level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and physical activity (PA) has been cross-sectional and thus self-selection of the exercisers may occur. In the current research, 229 white postmenopausal women, mean age 57.7 years, were randomized into either a walking or a control group. Of these 229 women, 204 women had blood samples available for lipid determinations. PA was measured subjectively by the Paffenbarger Survey and objectively with activity monitors. At baseline, there were no differences in PA, total HDL-C (HDL-TC), HDL-2C or HDL-3C between the two randomized groups. After two years, the PA of the walking group was significantly higher than the PA of the control group. This increase in PA was not accompanied by changes in any of the lipids or lipoproteins. Examination of the lipid changes in the walking group by compliance status and actual activity changes revealed little difference between groups. These results suggest that it is possible to increase physical activity in older women. However, the long-term effects of the increased activity on HDL-C were not apparent despite an observed strong cross-sectional relationship between PA and HDL-C.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/991/CN-00049991/frame.html										
J. Cauley, R. LaPorte, R. Sandler, M. Schramm and A. Kriska	1987	Comparison of methods to measure physical activity in postmenopausal women		American journal of clinical nutrition			45		1	14-22						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Comparison of methods to measure physical activity in postmenopausal women								Pubmed 3799499						CN-00046083				Five methods for assessing physical activity were evaluated in a population of 255 white, postmenopausal women participating in a randomized trial on the effects of walking on bone loss. Methods were the Paffenbarger survey, a modified Paffenbarger, the large-scale integrated activity monitor (LSI), caloric intake, and the Baecke survey. Significant increase in physical activity was observed in the intervention group. Activity measures were weakly related to each other. Results of factor analyses suggest that factor I reflected voluntary leisure-time pursuits (such as walking) and factor II, activities of daily living. Participation in sports was not a significant contributor to overall activity of the women. Research on physical activity must define the particular dimension of activity measured. Several types of instruments should be used because different instruments reflect different activity patterns which, in turn, may be differentially related to disease.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/083/CN-00046083/frame.html										
F. Causland, F. Sacks and J. Forman	2014	Marital status, dipping and nocturnal blood pressure: Results from the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension trial		Journal of hypertension			32		4	756-61						Journal: Article		Marital status, dipping and nocturnal blood pressure: Results from the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension trial														CN-00985305				OBJECTIVE:: Blood pressure normally declines during the night ('dipping'); a blunted nocturnal decline is an important cardiovascular risk factor. Marriage may be associated with lower ambulatory blood pressure, although this may be confounded by socio-economic and dietary factors. We examined the association of marital status with nocturnal dipping and night-time SBP amongst individuals on a controlled diet. METHODS:: We analysed 325 individuals enrolled in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension trial who had available 24-h SBP data and who ingested a control diet. Logistic and linear regression models were fit to estimate the association of marital status with nocturnal dipping and mean night-time SBP. RESULTS:: Of the 325 individuals, 52.9% were men, the average age was 45.1 years and 48.9% reported being married. Compared with nonmarried individuals, those who were married had greater adjusted odds of dipping [odds ratio (OR) 2.26; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26-4.03; P=0.01]. In adjusted models, being married was associated with lower night-time SBP (-2.4 mmHg; 95% CI -3.8 to -0.9 mmHg; P=0.002), with the suggestion of a greater association in married men compared with married women (-3.1 vs. -1.7 mmHg); there was less difference for married nonblacks compared with married blacks (-2.7 and -2.4 mmHg, respectively). CONCLUSION:: Being married is independently associated with a greater likelihood of nocturnal dipping and with lower night-time SBP among individuals participating in a controlled dietary intervention; the association was particularly strong in married men. Marital status is a variable that may be considered in future analyses of ambulatory blood pressure. Copyright Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/305/CN-00985305/frame.html										
D. Cavallo, D. Tate, A. Ries, J. Brown, R. DeVellis and A. Ammerman	2012	A social media-based physical activity intervention: a randomized controlled trial		American journal of preventive medicine			43		5	527-32						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		A social media-based physical activity intervention: a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 23079176						CN-00853676				BACKGROUND: Online social networks, such as Facebook?, have extensive reach, and they use technology that could enhance social support, an established determinant of physical activity. This combination of reach and functionality makes online social networks a promising intervention platform for increasing physical activity. PURPOSE: To test the efficacy of a physical activity intervention that combined education, physical activity monitoring, and online social networking to increase social support for physical activity compared to an education-only control. DESIGN: RCT. Students (n=134) were randomized to two groups: education-only controls receiving access to a physical activity-focused website (n=67) and intervention participants receiving access to the same website with physical activity self-monitoring and enrollment in a Facebook group (n=67). Recruitment and data collection occurred in 2010 and 2011; data analyses were performed in 2011. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Female undergraduate students at a large southeastern public university. INTERVENTION: Intervention participants were encouraged through e-mails, website instructions, and moderator communications to solicit and provide social support related to increasing physical activity through a physical activity-themed Facebook group. Participants received access to a dedicated website with educational materials and a physical activity self-monitoring tool. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was perceived social support for physical activity; secondary outcomes included self-reported physical activity. RESULTS: Participants experienced increases in social support and physical activity over time but there were no differences in perceived social support or physical activity between groups over time. Facebook participants posted 259 times to the group. Two thirds (66%) of intervention participants completing a post-study survey indicated that they would recommend the program to friends. CONCLUSIONS: Use of an online social networking group plus self-monitoring did not produce greater perceptions of social support or physical activity as compared to education-only controls. Given their promising features and potential reach, efforts to further understand how online social networks can be used in health promotion should be pursued. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered at clinicaltrials.govNCT01421758.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/676/CN-00853676/frame.html										
J. T. Cavanaugh, T. D. Ellis, G. M. Earhart, M. P. Ford, K. B. Foreman and L. E. Dibble	2012	Capturing ambulatory activity decline in Parkinson's disease		Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy			36		2	51-7					Jun	Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Capturing ambulatory activity decline in Parkinson's disease	J Neurol Phys Ther	1557-0584												22592060				BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Relatively little is known about the natural evolution of physical activity-related participation restrictions associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). We examined this issue prospectively, using continuous monitoring technology to capture the free-living ambulatory activity of persons with PD engaging in life situations. We specifically sought (1) to explore natural, long-term changes in daily ambulatory activity and (2) to compare the responsiveness of ambulatory activity parameters to clinical measures of gait and disease severity.
METHODS: Thirty-three persons with PD participated (Hoehn and Yahr range of 1-3). Participants wore a step activity monitor for up to 7 days at baseline and again at 1-year follow-up. Mean daily values were calculated for parameters indicative of amount, intensity, frequency, and duration of ambulatory activity. Clinical measures included the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale, the 6-Minute Walk, and Maximal Gait Speed. Parametric tests for paired samples were used to investigate changes in ambulatory activity parameters and clinical measures.
RESULTS: Participants had significant declines in the amount and intensity of daily ambulatory activity but not in its frequency and duration (P < 0.007). Declines occurred in the absence of changes in clinical measures of gait or disease severity. The greatest 1-year decline occurred in the number of daily minutes participants spent engaging in at least moderate-intensity ambulatory activity.
CONCLUSION: Continuous monitoring of ambulatory activity beyond mere step counts may serve as a distinct and important means of quantifying declining ambulatory behavior associated with disease progression or improved ambulatory behavior resulting from rehabilitation and medical and/or surgical interventions in persons with PD.	Cavanaugh, James T
Ellis, Terry D
Earhart, Gammon M
Ford, Matthew P
Foreman, K Bo
Dibble, Leland E
K12 HD043444 (United States NICHD NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22592060http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22592060&id=doi:10.1097%2FNPT.0b013e318254ba7a&issn=1557-0576&volume=36&issue=2&spage=51&pages=51-7&date=2012&title=Journal+of+Neurologic+Physical+Therapy&atitle=Capturing+ambulatory+activity+decline+in+Parkinson%27s+disease.&aulast=Cavanaugh&pid=%3Cauthor%3ECavanaugh+JT%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22592060%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Physical Therapy, University of New England, Portland, ME, USA. jcavanaugh@une.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. T. Cavanaugh, V. O. Gappmaier, L. E. Dibble and E. Gappmaier	2011	Ambulatory activity in individuals with multiple sclerosis		Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy			35		1	26-33					Mar	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Ambulatory activity in individuals with multiple sclerosis	J Neurol Phys Ther	1557-0584												21475081				BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Specific characteristics of physical activity limitations associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) remain unclear. Our purpose was to examine the impact of MS disability on physical activity behaviors involving ambulation. We also explored relationships among ambulatory activity parameters and clinical measures of gait, balance, and fatigue.
METHODS: Twenty-one adults with MS participated: 11 without ambulatory limitation (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] score < 4.5) and 10 with ambulatory limitation (EDSS score > 4.5). Participants wore a step activity monitor for up to 7 days. Daily values were calculated for parameters indicative of (1) overall activity, (2) upper limits of activity output, and (3) activity work-rest cycles. Clinical measures included Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale, Timed 25-Foot Walk, Timed Up and Go test, 6-Minute Walk, Dynamic Gait Index, Berg Balance Scale, Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, and Modified Fatigue Impact Scale. Statistical analyses were conducted using nonparametric tests.
RESULTS: Participants without limitation were more active, demonstrated higher upper limits of activity output, and had longer activity bouts than participants with limitation (P < 0.05). Only 1 participant averaged more than 100 steps per minute over a 30-minute period. Of the ambulatory activity parameters, daily step count was most strongly related to gait and balance measures. Of the clinical measures, EDSS and Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale scores were most strongly related to daily step count.
CONCLUSION: Individuals with MS are not necessarily sedentary, but few may achieve recommended daily physical activity levels. Ambulatory activity characteristics revealed new insights into physical activity limitations in MS. The study findings suggest that disability status should direct physical activity interventions.	Cavanaugh, James T
Gappmaier, Victor O
Dibble, Leland E
Gappmaier, Eduard		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21475081http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21475081&id=doi:10.1097%2FNPT.0b013e3182097190&issn=1557-0576&volume=35&issue=1&spage=26&pages=26-33&date=2011&title=Journal+of+Neurologic+Physical+Therapy&atitle=Ambulatory+activity+in+individuals+with+multiple+sclerosis.&aulast=Cavanaugh&pid=%3Cauthor%3ECavanaugh+JT%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21475081%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Physical Therapy, University of New England, Portland, Maine, USA. jcavanaugh@une.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

R. Cesaris, G. Ranieri, A. Andriani, V. Filitti, M. Bonfantino, G. Lamontanara and A. Ferrieri	1993	[Antihypertensive action of nicardipine retard in 24 hours and its effect on stress]		Minerva medica			84		10	533-9						Clinical Trial; English Abstract; Randomized Controlled Trial		[Antihypertensive action of nicardipine retard in 24 hours and its effect on stress]								Pubmed 8247308						CN-00097370				Thirty-six patients (17 males and 19 females), aged between 40 and 70 years old (mean age 55.9), suffering from slight or moderate arterial hypertension, were monitored for four weeks after 14 days of placebo treatment. In a double-blind and random study 24 patients were treated with Nicardipine Retard (40 mg twice a day) whereas a further 12 received placebo twice a day. Sphigomanometric controls carried out after two and four weeks showed a significant reduction in arterial pressure only in those patients receiving active treatment. 24-hour out-patient monitoring of arterial pressure, carried out using Spacelabs 5300, showed a reduction in both systolic and diastolic arterial pressure throughout the day in subjects treated with calcium-antagonists compared to the placebo group. The normal physiological 24-hour trend of arterial pressure was always taken into account. The pressure response to a cold pressor test, mental arithmetic test, isometric and dynamic effort tests, measuring using a cycloergometer, was not modified by anti-hypertensive treatment, thus confirming the preservation of normal physiological behaviour during daily activities. There was no significant change in heart rate and the drug was well tolerated.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/370/CN-00097370/frame.html										
B. Chaitman, T. Dahms, S. Byers, L. Carroll, L. Younis and R. Wiens	1992	Carbon monoxide exposure of subjects with documented cardiac arrhythmias		Research report (Health Effects Institute)					52	1-26; discussion 27-37						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Carbon monoxide exposure of subjects with documented cardiac arrhythmias								Pubmed 1418771						CN-00088063				The impact of low-level carbon monoxide exposure on ventricular arrhythmia frequency in patients with ischemic heart disease has not been thoroughly studied. The issue is of concern because of the potential proarrhythmic effect of carbon monoxide in patients with ischemic heart disease. We studied 30 subjects with well-documented coronary artery disease who had an average of at least 30 ventricular ectopic beats per hour over a 20-hour monitoring interval. By using appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria, subjects were selected and enrolled in a randomized double-blind study to determine the effects of carbon monoxide exposure on ventricular arrhythmia frequency at rest, during exercise, and during ambulatory activities. The carbon monoxide exposure was designed to result in 3% or 5% carboxyhemoglobin levels, as measured by gas chromatography. The carbon monoxide exposure protocol produced target levels in 60 minutes, and the levels were maintained for an additional 90 minutes to provide adequate time to assess the impact of carbon monoxide on the frequency of ventricular ectopic beats. The data on total and repetitive ventricular arrhythmias were analyzed for seven specific time intervals: (1) two hours before carbon monoxide exposure; (2) during the two-hour carbon monoxide or air exposure; (3) during a two-hour rest period; (4) during an exercise period; (5) during an exercise recovery period; (6) six hours after carbon monoxide or air exposure; and (7) approximately 10 hours after exposure, or the remaining recording interval on the Holter monitor. There was no increase in ventricular arrhythmia frequency after carbon monoxide exposure, regardless of the level of carboxyhemoglobin or the type of activity. During steady-state conditions at rest, the number of ventricular ectopic beats per hour was 115 +/- 153 (SD) for room air exposure (0.7% carboxyhemoglobin), 121 +/- 171 for the lower carbon monoxide exposure (3.2% carboxyhemoglobin), and 94 +/- 129 for the higher carbon monoxide exposure (5.1% carboxyhemoglobin). The frequency of complex ventricular ectopy was not altered at the levels of carbon monoxide studied. Secondary analysis of the impact of carbon monoxide on ventricular ectopic beat frequency stratified by baseline ejection fraction, baseline ventricular ectopic beat frequency, and exercise-induced ST-segment changes did not indicate an effect of carbon monoxide on ventricular arrhythmias. In conclusion, low levels of carbon monoxide exposure resulting in blood levels of 3.2% and 5.1% carboxyhemoglobin, as measured by gas chromatography, do not have a proarrhythmic effect on patients with coronary artery disease and frequent ventricular ectopy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/063/CN-00088063/frame.html										
H. Chambliss, R. Huber, C. Finley, S. McDoniel, H. Kitzman-Ulrich and W. Wilkinson	2011	Computerized self-monitoring and technology-assisted feedback for weight loss with and without an enhanced behavioral component		Patient education and counseling			85		3	375-82						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Computerized self-monitoring and technology-assisted feedback for weight loss with and without an enhanced behavioral component								Pubmed 21295433						CN-00868756				OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a 12-week weight management intervention involving computerized self-monitoring and technology-assisted feedback with and without an enhanced behavioral component. METHODS: 120 overweight (30.5±2.6kg/m(2)) adults (45.0±10.3 years) were randomized to one of three groups: computerized self-monitoring with Basic feedback (n=45), Enhanced behavioral feedback (n=45), or wait-list control (n=30). Intervention participants used a computer software program to record dietary and physical activity information. Weekly e-mail feedback was based on computer-generated reports, and participants attended monthly measurement visits. RESULTS: The Basic and Enhanced groups experienced significant weight reduction (-2.7±3.3kg and -2.5±3.1kg) in comparison to the Control group (0.3±2.2; p<0.05). Waist circumference and systolic blood pressure also decreased in intervention groups compared to Control (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: A program using computerized self-monitoring, technology-assisted feedback, and monthly measurement visits produced significant weight loss after 12 weeks. However, the addition of an enhanced behavioral component did not improve the effectiveness of the program. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: This study suggests that healthcare professionals can effectively deliver a weight management intervention using technology-assisted strategies in a format that may complement and reduce face-to-face sessions.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/756/CN-00868756/frame.html										
J. Chao, Y. Wang, H. Xu, Q. Yu, L. Jiang, L. Tian, W. Xie and P. Liu	2012	The effect of community-based health management on the health of the elderly: a randomized controlled trial from China		BMC health services research			12			449						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The effect of community-based health management on the health of the elderly: a randomized controlled trial from China								Pubmed 23217036						CN-00864360				BACKGROUND: An aging population poses significant challenges to health care in China. Health management has been implemented to reduce the costs of care, raise health service utilization, increase health knowledge and improve quality of life. Several studies have tried to verify the effectiveness of health management in achieving these goals worldwide. However, there have been insufficient randomized control trials (RCTs) to draw reliable conclusions. The few small-scale studies conducted in China include mostly the general population rather than the elderly. Our study is designed to evaluate the impact of community-based health management on the health of the elderly through an RCT in Nanjing, China. METHODS: Two thousand four hundred participants, aged 60 or older and who gave informed consent, were randomly allocated 1:1 into management and control groups, the randomization schedule was concealed from community health service center staff until allocation. Community-based health management was applied in the former while the latter was only given usual care. After 18 months, three categories of variables (subjective grading health indices, objective health indices and health service utilization) were measured based on a questionnaire, clinical monitoring and diagnostic measurements. Differences between the two groups were assessed before and after the intervention and analyzed with t-test, ?2-test, and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the management group demonstrated improvement on the following variables (P<0.01): health knowledge score, self-evaluated psychological conditions, overall self-evaluated health conditions, diet score, physical activity duration per week, regular blood pressure monitoring, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure and fasting blood sugar. The number of outpatient clinic visits did not differ significantly (P=0.60) between the two groups before intervention, while after intervention it was smaller in the management group than in the control group (P<0.01). However, the number of hospital admissions in the preceding 6 months was not different between the two groups even after intervention (P=0.36). Multiple regression analysis showed that gender, age, education level, chronic disease status and self-evaluated psychological conditions were important factors affecting health knowledge score, BMI, and waist-to-hip ratio. CONCLUSION: Community-based health management improved both subjective grading health indices, objective health indices and decreased the number of outpatient clinic visits, demonstrating effectiveness in improving elderly health. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR-OCH-11001716.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/360/CN-00864360/frame.html										
E. R. Chasens, S. M. Sereika, M. P. Houze and P. J. Strollo	2011	Subjective and objective appraisal of activity in adults with obstructive sleep apnea		Journal of Aging Research			2011			751819								Subjective and objective appraisal of activity in adults with obstructive sleep apnea	J Aging Res	2090-2212					PMC3022211							21253491				Objective. This study examined the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), daytime sleepiness, functional activity, and objective physical activity. Setting. Subjects (N = 37) being evaluated for OSA were recruited from a sleep clinic. Participants. The sample was balanced by gender (53% male), middle-aged, primarily White, and overweight or obese with a mean BMI of 33.98 (SD = 7.35; median BMI = 32.30). Over 40% reported subjective sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) >10) and had OSA (78% with apnea + hypopnea index (AHI) >5/hr). Measurements. Evaluation included questionnaires to evaluate subjective sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)) and functional outcomes (Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ)), an activity monitor, and an overnight sleep study to determine OSA severity. Results. Increased subjective sleepiness was significantly associated with lower scores on the FOSQ but not with average number of steps walked per day. A multiple regression analysis showed that higher AHI values were significantly associated with lower average number of steps walked per day after controlling patient's age, sex, and ESS. Conclusion. Subjective sleepiness was associated with perceived difficulty in activity but not with objectively measured activity. However, OSA severity was associated with decreased objective physical activity in aging adults.	Chasens, Eileen R
Sereika, Susan M
Houze, Martin P
Strollo, Patrick J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=21253491http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+In-Process+%26+Other+Non-Indexed+Citations+%3CJune+06%2C+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21253491&id=doi:10.4061%2F2011%2F751819&issn=2090-2204&volume=2011&issue=&spage=751819&pages=751819&date=2011&title=Journal+of+Aging+Research&atitle=Subjective+and+objective+appraisal+of+activity+in+adults+with+obstructive+sleep+apnea.&aulast=Chasens&pid=%3Cauthor%3EChasens+ER%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21253491%3C%2FAN%3E		School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Victoria Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

E. R. Chasens and K. Yang	2012	Insomnia and physical activity in adults with prediabetes		Clinical Nursing Research			21		3	294-308					Aug			Insomnia and physical activity in adults with prediabetes	Clin Nurs Res	1552-3799												21788447				This secondary analysis study examines the relationship between physical activity and symptoms of insomnia among adults with prediabetes (N = 958) from the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The sample of participants were generally obese, middle-aged, and racially diverse. NHANES questions included symptoms of insomnia, sleep duration, and sleep latency. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from measured height and weight; at least 2 days of ActiGraph activity monitor data determined mean steps walked. Men walked more steps than women; however, women had more insomnia symptoms. There were significant associations between insomnia symptoms and increased sleep latency and decreased sleep duration. Multiple regression analysis showed that younger age, lower BMI, higher self-rated health, high school education, and fewer insomnia symptoms were significantly related to increased steps walked. The findings indicate that insomnia in adults with prediabetes may be a barrier to their adapting an active lifestyle.	Chasens, Eileen R
Yang, Kyeongra		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21788447http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21788447&id=doi:10.1177%2F1054773811411295&issn=1054-7738&volume=21&issue=3&spage=294&pages=294-308&date=2012&title=Clinical+Nursing+Research&atitle=Insomnia+and+physical+activity+in+adults+with+prediabetes.&aulast=Chasens&pid=%3Cauthor%3EChasens+ER%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21788447%3C%2FAN%3E		School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. chasense@pitt.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

E. R. Chasens and K. Yang	2012	Insomnia and physical activity in adults with prediabetes		Clinical Nursing Research			21		3	294-308					Aug	Empirical Study; Interview; Quantitative Study		Insomnia and physical activity in adults with prediabetes		1054-7738
1552-3799												2012-18919-005				This secondary analysis study examines the relationship between physical activity and symptoms of insomnia among adults with prediabetes (N = 958) from the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The sample of participants were generally obese, middle-aged, and racially diverse. NHANES questions included symptoms of insomnia, sleep duration, and sleep latency. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from measured height and weight; at least 2 days of ActiGraph activity monitor data determined mean steps walked. Men walked more steps than women; however, women had more insomnia symptoms. There were significant associations between insomnia symptoms and increased sleep latency and decreased sleep duration. Multiple regression analysis showed that younger age, lower BMI, higher self-rated health, high school education, and fewer insomnia symptoms were significantly related to increased steps walked. The findings indicate that insomnia in adults with prediabetes may be a barrier to their adapting an active lifestyle. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).			http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=psyc7&AN=2012-18919-005http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:PsycINFO+<2011+to+March+Week+4+2013>&genre=article&id=pmid:&id=doi:10.1177/1054773811411295&issn=1054-7738&volume=21&issue=3&spage=294&pages=294-308&date=2012&title=Clinical+Nursing+Research&atitle=Insomnia+and+physical+activity+in+adults+with+prediabetes.&aulast=Chasens&pid=<author>Chasens,+Eileen+R</author>&<AN>2012-18919-005</AN>		Chasens, Eileen R.: chasense@pitt.edu
Chasens, Eileen R.: University of Pittsburgh, 415 Victoria Building, 3500 Victoria Street, Pittsburgh, PA, US, 15261, chasense@pitt.edu
Chasens, Eileen R.: School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, US Yang, Kyeongra: School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, US								English

W. Chaveepojnkamjorn, N. Pichainarong, F. Schelp and U. Mahaweerawat	2009	A randomized controlled trial to improve the quality of life of type 2 diabetic patients using a self-help group program		Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health			40		1	169-76						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		A randomized controlled trial to improve the quality of life of type 2 diabetic patients using a self-help group program								Pubmed 19323050						CN-00700302				The purpose of study was to determine the effect of a self-help group program on the quality of life among type 2 diabetic patients. The study subjects were type 2 diabetic patients attending one of six studied health centers or a community hospital in Saraburi Province, Thailand. At each health center/hospital, the patients were randomly allocated into the intervention group attending the self-help group program or the control group receiving diabetic services. Information was collected from September 2007 to April 2008 using a structured questionnaire with interview technique at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks. One hundred forty-six patients completed the program. Five self-help group programs carried out for 16 weeks gave instruction regarding building-up good relationships, improvement of knowledge about diabetes and skills for dietary control, skills in physical exercise, improvement of group structure, improvement of training skills for group leaders, self-monitoring, motivation in self-care activities and sharing experiences among group members. Descriptive statistics were used to provide basic information regarding the two groups. For analytical purposes the chi-square test and t-test were applied. The majority (77.4 %) of study participants were females. Most patients were either > or = 50 years old (52%) or 40-49 years old (37%). The intervention resulted in significantly higher scores in quality of life compared to controls at 12 and 24 weeks (p < 0.05). The findings indicate the program is effective for improving perceived quality of life. The program focused on enhancement of experience sharing among group members and participation in problem-solving. We recommend implementing this program for diabetic patients and patients with other chronic diseases at primary health care level.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/302/CN-00700302/frame.html										
J. Chen, W. Lee, N. Hsu, S. Lin, C. Ting, S. Wang and M. Chang	1997	Effects of short-term treatment of nicorandil on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia and abnormal cardiac autonomic activity in microvascular angina		American journal of cardiology			80		1	32-8						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Effects of short-term treatment of nicorandil on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia and abnormal cardiac autonomic activity in microvascular angina								Pubmed 9205016						CN-00141094				The underlying mechanisms of myocardial ischemia in microvascular angina may include endothelial dysfunction, abnormal smooth muscle tone, and abnormal autonomic control of coronary microvasculatures. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study was conducted to evaluate the effect of nicorandil (a nitrate-potassium channel opener) therapy on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia and cardiac autonomic activity in 13 patients with microvascular angina. After a 2-week placebo run-in period, patients were randomly assigned to the first 2-week treatment with nicorandil 5 mg tid or placebo, then crossed over to the second 2-week treatment after a 2-week washout period. Treadmill exercise tests and 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring were performed at the end of each treatment phase. The results showed that both time to 1-mm ST depression and total exercise duration were significantly prolonged with nicorandil treatment compared with placebo (p = 0.026 and 0.036, respectively). Maximum exercise ST depression also tended to be less with nicorandil treatment than with placebo (p = 0.083). Compared with 10 healthy control subjects, study patients had significantly reduced heart rate variability in both low- and high-frequency bands while receiving placebo. Nicorandil treatment did not change the altered heart rate variability in either time domain or spectral analysis. Systemic hemodynamics were also unchanged with nicorandil treatment. Thus, 2-week oral nicorandil therapy moderately improved exercise-induced myocardial ischemia without modifying the already altered cardiac autonomic activity, suggesting that nicorandil might have a direct vasodilatory effect on coronary microvasculatures in patients with microvascular angina.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/094/CN-00141094/frame.html										
X. Chen, M. Sekine, S. Hamanishi, H. Wang, Y. Hayashikawa, T. Yamagami and S. Kagamimori	2002	The validity of nursery teachers' report on the physical activity of young children		Journal of Epidemiology			12		5	367-74					Sep	Validation Studies		The validity of nursery teachers' report on the physical activity of young children	J Epidemiol	0917-5040												12395880				This study examined the validity of nursery teachers' report on the physical activity of young children. Subjects were twenty-one children aged 3 to 4 years (12 boys and 9 girls) at a nursery in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. Children were equipped with the Actiwatch (Mini-mitter Company Inc.) activity monitor and the Caloriecounter Select II (Kenz, Co, Ltd) for three consecutive weekdays to assess their daily physical activity levels. Nursery teachers completed a questionnaire containing questions on children's activity level during the measurement periods at the nursery. The results showed that subjects with a high frequency of physical activity were significantly associated with an increasing trend in total energy expenditure and activity counts per day. Children whose physical activity was rated as "very often" had a significantly higher activity level per day from the Actiwatch instrument, compared with peers whose physical activity was rated as "not often" (570.5 +/- 192.8 counts vs. 334.9 +/- 123.4 counts, p < 0.05). Regarding energy expenditure originating from physical activity and steps per day from the Caloriecounter, a significant difference was found between "very active" children and "inactive" children as rated by the nursery teachers (140.7 +/- 17.5 kcal vs. 78.2 +/- 17.4 kcal, p < 0.05; 16103 +/- 1896 steps vs. 10038 +/- 32 steps, p < 0.05). This study indicates that children's physical activity level as reported by their teachers in nursery surroundings is in accordance with the objective data from the Actiwatch and the Caloriecounter. The results suggest that nursery teachers' respondent for children in physical activity may be used as a valid measure to evaluate young children's physical activity levels, especially in nursery setting.	Chen, Xiaoli
Sekine, Michikazu
Hamanishi, Shimako
Wang, Hongbing
Hayashikawa, Yasuko
Yamagami, Takashi
Kagamimori, Sadanobu		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12395880http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:12395880&id=doi:&issn=0917-5040&volume=12&issue=5&spage=367&pages=367-74&date=2002&title=Journal+of+Epidemiology&atitle=The+validity+of+nursery+teachers%27+report+on+the+physical+activity+of+young+children.&aulast=Chen&pid=%3Cauthor%3EChen+X%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E12395880%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Welfare Promotion and Epidemiology, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Faculty of Medicine, Japan.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

X. Chen, M. Hassan, J. Jones, P. Sleight and J. Floras	1999	Baroreflex sensitivity and the blood pressure response to beta-blockade		Journal of human hypertension			13		3	185-90						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Baroreflex sensitivity and the blood pressure response to beta-blockade								Pubmed 10204815						CN-00161942				The objective of this analysis was to determine whether changes in baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) within 35 hypertensive patients (25 M, 10 F, mean age 47 years) treated with beta-blockade as monotherapy relate to reductions in ambulatory blood pressure (BP) or its variability. BP was recorded intra-arterially directly from the brachial artery before and during submaximal exercise. BRS was determined by the phenylephrine injection technique. MAP and its variability were determined for the awake period of 24-h BP monitoring. Subjects were randomised to one of atenolol, metoprolol, pindolol, or propranolol, and restudied after a mean of 5 months. Beta-blockade increased BRS in 24 patients and decreased BRS in 11. BRS increased from 6.53+/-4.94 to 9.40+/-8.62 ms/mm Hg (mean +/- s.d.) (P<0.01). Waking ambulatory MAP decreased from 125.8+/-15.8 to 106.4+/-16.2 mm Hg (P<0.0001), but its variability did not change. Higher BRS after chronic beta-blockade was associated with a decrease in waking ambulatory MAP (r = -0.55, P<0.001), but not with its variability (r = -0.08). Beta-blockade attenuated the pressor response to exercise, but there was a positive relationship between the effect of beta-blockade on BRS, and on the rise in systolic BP during bicycling (r = 0.63; P<0.001). Any dampening effect of beta-blockade on BP variability at rest in hypertensive patients with the greatest increase in BRS may be offset by increased pressor responses to physical activity such as exercise. Consequently, BP variability is unaffected, even though reductions in ambulatory BP during chronic beta-blockade are inversely related to changes in BRS. BP responses to beta-blockade may be a function of the action of this class of drugs on BRS. However, there is considerable variation, between subjects, in their effect on BRS. This may have implications for other conditions, such as dilated cardiomyopathy, or following myocardial infarction, in which improvement in BRS is one mechanism by which beta-adrenoceptor blockade could improve survival.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/942/CN-00161942/frame.html										
S. Cheong, L. McCargar, B. Paty, C. Tudor-Locke and R. Bell	2009	The First Step First Bite Program: guidance to increase physical activity and daily intake of low-glycemic index foods		Journal of the American Dietetic Association			109		8	1411-6						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The First Step First Bite Program: guidance to increase physical activity and daily intake of low-glycemic index foods								Pubmed 19631048						CN-00704090				Practical lifestyle interventions are needed to help people with type 2 diabetes increase their physical activity and follow nutrition therapy guidelines. This study examined whether combining instructions to walk more and to eat more low-glycemic index (GI) foods (First Step First Bite Program) improved hemoglobin A1c and anthropometric and cardiovascular health outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes vs the First Step Program (instruction only on walking). Subjects were randomly assigned to the First Step Program or First Step First Bite Program (n=22 in each group) and attended four weekly group meetings with minimal follow-up during weeks 5 to 16. All subjects monitored steps per day throughout the study; First Step First Bite Program subjects also monitored daily intake of low-GI foods. At week 16 (n=19 per group), both groups had increased steps per day by approximately 3,000 compared with baseline (P<0.01). In the First Step Program vs First Step First Bite Program groups, respectively, waist girth decreased by 5.9+/-0.9 cm vs 3.7+/-0.5 cm and hip decreased by 3.7+/-0.6 cm vs 2.2+/-0.5 cm (P<0.01 over time, both groups). There was no significant difference between groups at week 16 for anthropometric or metabolic variables measured, including hemoglobin A1c. Both the First Step First Bite Program and First Step Program resulted in increased physical activity; First Step First Bite Program also increased daily intake of low-GI foods. Both groups experienced similar significant reductions in waist and hip girth. Thus, adding a low-GI component to a walking program in people with type 2 diabetes in good glycemic control did not improve anthropometric or metabolic outcomes. A great number and/or longer duration of low-GI foods may be required to observe improved clinical outcomes.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/090/CN-00704090/frame.html										
W. Chey, D. Drossman, J. Johanson, C. Scott, R. Panas and R. Ueno	2012	Safety and patient outcomes with lubiprostone for up to 52 weeks in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation		Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics			35		5	587-99						Clinical Trial, Phase III Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Safety and patient outcomes with lubiprostone for up to 52 weeks in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation								Pubmed 22251419						CN-00836087				Background Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) significantly decreases quality of life and the ability to perform daily living activities. Aim To demonstrate the long-term safety, tolerability and patient outcomes of lubiprostone in patients with IBS-C. Methods This extension study enrolled 522 IBS-C patients who had completed one of two randomised phase 3 studies. All enrolled patients received open-label lubiprostone orally for 36-weeks (8 mcg, twice daily). The primary objective was the assessment of long-term safety and tolerability, monitored via adverse events (AEs), laboratory parameters and vital signs. Additional outcome endpoints included monthly responder rates and patient evaluations of IBS-C symptom severity and impact on quality of life. Results The evaluable safety population comprised of 520 patients; 476 of which had patient reported outcome data available. The overall safety profile of lubiprostone during this study was similar to that observed in the preceding phase 3 studies. The most common AEs were diarrhoea (11.0%), nausea (11.0%), urinary tract infection (9.0%), sinusitis (9.0%) and abdominal distention (5.8%). Diarrhoea and nausea were the most common treatment-related AEs. No serious AEs were considered treatment-related. Seventeen patients discontinued due to a treatment-related AE, of which diarrhoea and nausea accounted for six (1.2%) and three (0.6%) respectively. For responder rates and patient-evaluated parameters (n = 476), all groups experienced significant improvements from baseline, with initial improvements maintained throughout the study. Conclusion In patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation, lubiprostone 8 mcg twice daily was found to be safe and well tolerated over 9-13 months of treatment. 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/087/CN-00836087/frame.html										
J. Choi, I. Choi, Y. Jeong, T. Kim and K. Hahm	2008	Pretreatment of rocuronium reduces the frequency and severity of etomidate-induced myoclonus		Journal of clinical anesthesia			20		8	601-4						Randomized Controlled Trial		Pretreatment of rocuronium reduces the frequency and severity of etomidate-induced myoclonus								Pubmed 19100933						CN-00668093				STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of pretreatment with a low dose of rocuronium on the occurrence of etomidate-induced myoclonus. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blinded study. SETTING: Medical center in South Korea. PATIENTS: 110 ASA physical status I, II, and III patients scheduled for elective cardiac or pulmonary surgery with general anesthesia. INTERVENTIONS: All patients were randomized to pretreatment with a low dose of rocuronium (0.06 mg/kg; Group R) or placebo (saline; Group S), followed three minutes later by etomidate (0.3 mg/kg). MEASUREMENTS: Patients were monitored for myoclonic movements and pain on a scale of 0-3. Bispectral index (BIS) and electromyographic (EMG) activity were recorded continuously throughout the procedure. MAIN RESULTS: Frequency of myoclonus was significantly lower in Group R (25%) than in Group S (63%). In the latter group, there was no difference in the frequency of male (59%) and female (68%) patients experiencing myoclonus. In Group S, EMG activity and BIS were significantly increased in patients who experienced severe myoclonus, and BIS was well correlated with EMG activity. CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment with a small dose of rocuronium before induction of anesthesia with etomidate significantly reduced the frequency of myoclonus.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/093/CN-00668093/frame.html										
B. Chopko	2013	Long-term results of percutaneous lumbar decompression for LSS: Two-year outcomes		Clinical journal of pain			29		11	939-43						Journal: Article		Long-term results of percutaneous lumbar decompression for LSS: Two-year outcomes														CN-00913882				OBJECTIVE: The aim of this report was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness and safety of mild lumbar decompression for the treatment of neurogenic claudication associated with lumbar spinal stenosis. This technique uses a percutaneous dorsal approach to remove small portions of ligament and lamina, thereby restoring space and decompressing the spinal canal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two-year data are reported for 45 patients treated with mild decompression at 11 US sites. Outcome measures included the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index, and Zurich Claudication Questionnaire. Safety was monitored throughout the procedural and follow-up period for all patients. Interim data are included for these patients at 1 week, 6 months, and 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: Seventy-one percent of patients reported improvement in VAS at the end of the reporting period. At 2 years, patients demonstrated a statistically significant reduction of pain as measured by VAS, and improvement in physical function and mobility was significant as measured by Zurich Claudication Questionnaire and Oswestry Disability Index. Tukey honestly significant different test found significant improvement in all outcome measures from baseline to each follow-up interval. Further, major improvement occurred by 1-week follow-up and showed no difference between each subsequent follow-up, signifying considerable stability and durability of the initial result over time. No major device or intraprocedural adverse events were reported. DISCUSSION: In this report of 2-year follow-up on 45 patients treated with mild percutaneous lumbar decompression, patients experienced statistically significant pain relief and improved functionality. Copyright 2013 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/882/CN-00913882/frame.html										
A. Chopra, P. Lavin, B. Patwardhan and D. Chitre	2004	A 32-week randomized, placebo-controlled clinical evaluation of RA-11, an Ayurvedic drug, on osteoarthritis of the knees		Journal of clinical rheumatology			10		5	236-45						Journal: Article		A 32-week randomized, placebo-controlled clinical evaluation of RA-11, an Ayurvedic drug, on osteoarthritis of the knees														CN-00516678				Background: The ancient Indian (Asian) Ayurvedic medicinal system uses herbomineral drugs to treat arthritis. Despite centuries of use, very few have been tested by drug trials. RA-11 (ARTREX, MENDAR), a standardized multiplant Ayurvedic drug (Withania somnifera, Boswellia serrata, Zingiber officinale, and Curcuma longa) is currently used to treat arthritis. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RA-11 in patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) of the knees. Methods: A total of 358 patients with chronic knee pain were screened free-of-cost in "arthritis camps" in an Indian metropolis. Ninety patients with primary OA of the knees (ACR classification; Arthritis Rheum 1986;29:1039-1049) were found eligible (postanalgesic washout pain visual analog score [VAS] >40 mm in either or both knees on body weight-bearing activities) to enroll into a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel efficacy, single-center, 32-week drug trial (80% power to detect 25% difference, P = 0.05, 2-sided). Concurrent analgesics/nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and steroids in any form were not allowed. Lifestyle and/or dietary restrictions, as per routine Ayurveda practices, were not imposed. Pain VAS (maximum pain in each knee recorded by the patient during the preceding 48 hours) and modified WOMAC (Western Ontario McMaster University OA Index, Likert scale, version 3.0) were the primary efficacy variables. The WOMAC section on "physical function difficulty" was modified for Indian use and validated before the trial. Routine laboratory testing was primarily done to monitor drug safety. At baseline, the groups (active = 45, placebo = 45) were well matched for several measures (mean pain VAS: active = 6.17; placebo = 6.5). Results: 1) Efficacy: Compared with placebo, the mean reduction in pain VAS at week 16 (active = 2.7, placebo = 1.3) and week 32 (active = 2.8, placebo = 1.8) in the active group was significantly (P <0.05, analysis of variance [ANOVA]) better. Similarly, the improvement in the WOMAC scores at week 16 and week 32 were also significantly superior (P <0.01, ANOVA) in the active group. 2) Safety: Both the groups reported mild adverse events (AE) without any significant difference. 3) Withdrawals: Twenty-eight patients were discontinued. None reported drug-related toxicity. The majority failed follow up/compliance. No differences were observed between the groups. Conclusion: This controlled drug trial demonstrates the potential efficacy and safety of RA-11 in the symptomatic treatment of OA knees over 32 weeks of therapy.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/678/CN-00516678/frame.html										
S. Choraria, D. Taylor and J. Pilcher	1987	Double-blind crossover comparison of enoximone and placebo in patients with congestive heart failure		Circulation			76		6	1307-11						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Double-blind crossover comparison of enoximone and placebo in patients with congestive heart failure								Pubmed 2960473						CN-00050887				The efficacy of oral enoximone, a new positive inotropic and vasodilator agent, was assessed in 12 patients with chronic congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class II or III) in a double-blind randomized crossover comparison with placebo. Duration of each treatment was 6 weeks and the dose of enoximone was 150 mg tid. Efficacy was assessed by exercise tolerance, symptoms, radionuclide angiography for ejection fraction at rest and during exercise, and Holter monitoring. Two patients were withdrawn before completion of the study, one with pulmonary edema after 1 week on placebo and the other for noncompliance with enoximone therapy. Symptom-limited exercise capacity improved with enoximone by 30% and 43% (p less than .01) compared with baseline after 2 and 6 weeks treatment, respectively. Ejection fraction improved at rest (p less than .02) with enoximone but not with placebo. No change was found during exercise. Heart rate and blood pressure remained unaltered. During treatment with enoximone symptoms of exertional dyspnea and fatigue were improved and NYHA class decreased by at least one class for every patient. Holter monitoring revealed an overall increase (NS) in ectopic activity during enoximone therapy. There were no serious adverse effects and laboratory values did not change significantly. The addition of enoximone to the existing therapy of patients with moderately severe congestive heart failure provided clear and sustained subjective and objective benefit when compared with placebo.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/887/CN-00050887/frame.html										
C. Christiansen	2008	The effects of hip and ankle stretching on gait function of older people		Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation			89		8	1421-8						Randomized Controlled Trial		The effects of hip and ankle stretching on gait function of older people								Pubmed 18674977						CN-00650192				OBJECTIVE: To examine effects of hip and ankle stretching on gait function of older people. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Flexibility training was performed in participants' homes. Assessments were performed in a biomechanics laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Forty healthy volunteers (mean age +/- SD, 72.1+/-4.7 y) randomized to 2 groups: intervention (n=20) and control (n=20). INTERVENTION: Intervention participants performed an 8-week stretching program, and control group participants maintained activity level for 8 weeks. One investigator made weekly visits to instruct and monitor participants. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome measures were passive joint motion for hip extension and ankle dorsiflexion and freely chosen gait speed. Secondary outcome measures were gait parameters during freely chosen gait speed and set gait speed walking (stride length, joint displacement). RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the intervention group had increased combined hip and knee motion (P=.023), ankle motion (P=.020), and freely chosen gait speed (P=.016). The intervention group showed statistically nonsignificant trends of increased stride length at freely chosen gait speed and set gait speed. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest joint motion is a modifiable impairment that is effectively targeted with flexibility training for older people. Participants in the intervention group had improvements in joint motion as well as increased freely chosen gait speed. Mechanisms responsible for changes in freely chosen gait speed warrant further investigation.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/192/CN-00650192/frame.html										
B. B. Chu, D. Lawson and G. Naughton	2003	Validation of the Computer Science and Applications (CSA) activity monitor as an objective measure of activity energy expenditure in Vietnamese adolescents		Pediatric Exercise Science			15		1	56-66								Validation of the Computer Science and Applications (CSA) activity monitor as an objective measure of activity energy expenditure in Vietnamese adolescents		0899-8493												2003152972. Language: English. Entry Date: 20031114. Revision Date: 20091218. Publication Type: journal article				This study considered the validation of the Computer Science Applications (CSA) activity monitor (model 7164) for predicting activity energy expenditure (EE). A group of 34 Vietnamese adolescents (aged 11 to 15) performed three 5-minute treadmill trials at 4.5, 6.6, and 8.8 km x h[-1]. Mean activity counts and heart rate (HR) were significantly changed with the three-speed trials (p > 0.05). An equation to predict EE (kcal x min-[1]) was developed from activity counts and body mass (BM) from the 24 random subjects in Vietnam and was validated on the remaining 10 subjects. This equation explained 72% of the variability in kcal - min[-1] (adjusted R[2] = 0.72, SEE = 0.91 kcal - min[-1]). Consistent with previous studies, the relatively high SEE indicates that the equation is more suited for groups of Vietnamese adolescents rather than individuals.	equations & formulas; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Pediatric Care; Physical Therapy. No. of Refs: 31 ref. NLM UID: 8909729.		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2003152972&site=ehost-live		Centre for Rehabilitation, Exercise & Sport Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia						rzh	EBSCOhost	
T. Chuang, W. Sung and C. Lin	2005	Application of a virtual reality-enhanced exercise protocol in patients after coronary bypass		Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation			86		10	1929-32						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Application of a virtual reality-enhanced exercise protocol in patients after coronary bypass								Pubmed 16213233						CN-00530975				OBJECTIVE: To determine whether, by using training enhanced by virtual reality (VR) displays, patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery could more effectively attain long-term cardiopulmonary results than those not using VR technology. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Exercise testing laboratory in a medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Consecutive sample of 32 patients who had undergone CABG surgery. INTERVENTIONS: All subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 submaximal endurance programs, with or without simulated training. In all other respects, the 2 programs were identical. Each section lasted for 30 minutes and was conducted twice a week for about 3 months. Graded exercise tests, conducted before and after training, evaluated cardiorespiratory changes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic parameters were evaluated at both peak and submaximal exertion. RESULTS: At the follow-up exercise tests (performed at 5.4 mo after surgical intervention), the VR group achieved significantly higher value in peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), peak metabolic equivalents (METS), and amount of VO2 at anaerobic threshold than the non-VR group. Significant gain was attained in VO2peak and peak MET value accrued to those who participated in simulation-based aerobic training. CONCLUSIONS: Our study outcomes clearly support the perceived benefits of rehabilitation programs that incorporate VR to augment patients' recovery of their physical capacity.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/975/CN-00530975/frame.html										
N. Chumbler, D. Rose, P. Griffiths, P. Quigley, N. McGee-Hernandez, K. Carlson, P. Vandenberg, M. Morey, J. Sanford and H. Hoenig	2010	Study protocol: home-based telehealth stroke care: a randomized trial for veterans		Trials			11			74						Clinical Trial, Phase II; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Study protocol: home-based telehealth stroke care: a randomized trial for veterans								Pubmed 20591171						CN-00759545				BACKGROUND: Stroke is one of the most disabling and costly impairments of adulthood in the United States. Stroke patients clearly benefit from intensive inpatient care, but due to the high cost, there is considerable interest in implementing interventions to reduce hospital lengths of stay. Early discharge rehabilitation programs require coordinated, well-organized home-based rehabilitation, yet lack of sufficient information about the home setting impedes successful rehabilitation. This trial examines a multifaceted telerehabilitation (TR) intervention that uses telehealth technology to simultaneously evaluate the home environment, assess the patient's mobility skills, initiate rehabilitative treatment, prescribe exercises tailored for stroke patients and provide periodic goal oriented reassessment, feedback and encouragement. METHODS: We describe an ongoing Phase II, 2-arm, 3-site randomized controlled trial (RCT) that determines primarily the effect of TR on physical function and secondarily the effect on disability, falls-related self-efficacy, and patient satisfaction. Fifty participants with a diagnosis of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: (a) TR; or (b) Usual Care. The TR intervention uses a combination of three videotaped visits and five telephone calls, an in-home messaging device, and additional telephonic contact as needed over a 3-month study period, to provide a progressive rehabilitative intervention with a treatment goal of safe functional mobility of the individual within an accessible home environment. Dependent variables will be measured at baseline, 3-, and 6-months and analyzed with a linear mixed-effects model across all time points. DISCUSSION: For patients recovering from stroke, the use of TR to provide home assessments and follow-up training in prescribed equipment has the potential to effectively supplement existing home health services, assist transition to home and increase efficiency. This may be particularly relevant when patients live in remote locations, as is the case for many veterans. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT00384748.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/545/CN-00759545/frame.html										
L. W. Cindy Ng, S. Jenkins and K. Hill	2012	Accuracy and responsiveness of the stepwatch activity monitor and ActivPAL in patients with COPD when walking with and without a rollator		Disability & Rehabilitation			34		15	1317-22						Evaluation Studies
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Accuracy and responsiveness of the stepwatch activity monitor and ActivPAL in patients with COPD when walking with and without a rollator	Disabil Rehabil	1464-5165												22200080				PURPOSE: To evaluate the measurement properties of the StepWatch() Activity Monitor (SAM) and ActivPAL in COPD.
METHOD: Whilst wearing both monitors, participants performed walking tasks at two self-selected speeds, with and without a rollator. Steps obtained using the monitors were compared with that measured by direct observation.
RESULTS: Twenty participants aged 73 + 9 years (FEV(1)= 35 + 13% pred; 8 males) completed the study. Average speeds for the slow and normal walking tasks were 34 + 7 mmin(-1)and 46 + 10 mmin(-1), respectively. Agreement between steps recorded by the SAM with steps counted was similar irrespective of speed or rollator use (p = 0.63) with a mean difference and limit of agreement (LOA) of 2 stepsmin(-1) and 6 stepsmin(-1), respectively. Agreement for the ActivPAL was worse at slow speeds (mean difference 7 stepsmin(-1); LOA 10 stepsmin(-1)) compared with normal speeds (mean difference 4 stepsmin(-1); LOA 5 stepsmin(-1)) (p = 0.03), but was unaffected by rollator use. The change in step rate between slow and normal walking via direct observation was 12 + 7 stepsmin(-1) which was similar to that detected by the SAM (12 + 6 stepsmin(-1)) and ActivPAL (14 + 7 stepsmin(-1)).
CONCLUSIONS: The SAM can be used to detect steps in people who walk very slowly including those who use a rollator. Both devices were sensitive to small changes.	Cindy Ng, Li Whye
Jenkins, Sue
Hill, Kylie		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22200080http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22200080&id=doi:10.3109%2F09638288.2011.641666&issn=0963-8288&volume=34&issue=15&spage=1317&pages=1317-22&date=2012&title=Disability+%26+Rehabilitation&atitle=Accuracy+and+responsiveness+of+the+stepwatch+activity+monitor+and+ActivPAL+in+patients+with+COPD+when+walking+with+and+without+a+rollator.&aulast=Cindy+Ng&pid=%3Cauthor%3ECindy+Ng+LW%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22200080%3C%2FAN%3E		School of Physiotherapy and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

L. W. Cindy Ng, S. Jenkins and K. Hill	2012	Accuracy and responsiveness of the stepwatch activity monitor and activPAL in patients with COPD when walking with and without a rollator		Disability and Rehabilitation: An International, Multidisciplinary Journal			34		15	1317-1322						Empirical Study; Quantitative Study		Accuracy and responsiveness of the stepwatch activity monitor and activPAL in patients with COPD when walking with and without a rollator		0963-8288
1464-5165												2012-14247-011				Purpose: To evaluate the measurement properties of the StepWatch Activity Monitor (SAM) and ActivPAL in COPD. Method: Whilst wearing both monitors, participants performed walking tasks at two self-selected speeds, with and without a rollator. Steps obtained using the monitors were compared with that measured by direct observation. Results: Twenty participants aged 73 + 9 years (FEV1 = 35 + 13% pred; 8 males) completed the study. Average speeds for the slow and normal walking tasks were 34 + 7 mmin-1and 46 + 10 mmin-1, respectively. Agreement between steps recorded by the SAM with steps counted was similar irrespective of speed or rollator use (p = 0.63) with a mean difference and limit of agreement (LOA) of 2 stepsmin-1 and 6 stepsmin-1, respectively. Agreement for the ActivPAL was worse at slow speeds (mean difference 7 stepsmin-1; LOA 10 stepsmin-1) compared with normal speeds (mean difference 4 stepsmin-1; LOA 5 stepsmin-1) (p = 0.03), but was unaffected by rollator use. The change in step rate between slow and normal walking via direct observation was 12 + 7 stepsmin-1 which was similar to that detected by the SAM (12 + 6 stepsmin-1) and ActivPAL (14 + 7 stepsmin-1). Conclusions: The SAM can be used to detect steps in people who walk very slowly including those who use a rollator. Both devices were sensitive to small changes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).			http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=psyc7&AN=2012-14247-011http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:PsycINFO+<2011+to+March+Week+4+2013>&genre=article&id=pmid:&id=doi:10.3109/09638288.2011.641666&issn=0963-8288&volume=34&issue=15&spage=1317&pages=1317-1322&date=2012&title=Disability+and+Rehabilitation:+An+International,+Multidisciplinary+Journal&atitle=Accuracy+and+responsiveness+of+the+stepwatch+activity+monitor+and+activPAL+in+patients+with+COPD+when+walking+with+and+without+a+rollator.&aulast=Cindy+Ng&pid=<author>Cindy+Ng,+Li+Whye</author>&<AN>2012-14247-011</AN>		Hill, Kylie: K.Hill@curtin.edu.au
Hill, Kylie: School of Physiotherapy, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987 Perth, Perth, WAU, Australia, 6845, K.Hill@curtin.edu.au
Cindy Ng, Li Whye: School of Physiotherapy, Curtin University, Perth, WAU, Australia Jenkins, Sue: School of Physiotherapy, Curtin University, Perth, WAU, Australia Hill, Kylie: School of Physiotherapy, Curtin University, Perth, WAU, Australia								English

G. Ciuffetti, M. Mercuri, E. Mannarino, R. Lombardini, L. Pasqualini, C. Ott and G. Lupattelli	1991	Are leucocyte-derived free radicals involved in ischaemia in human legs?		European journal of clinical investigation			21		1	111-7						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Are leucocyte-derived free radicals involved in ischaemia in human legs?								Pubmed 1907549						CN-00077259				Leucocyte-derived free radicals were monitored in 30 stage II peripheral vascular disease (PVD) patients in an open placebo-controlled study. Linked to a transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) monitor, they performed two consecutive standard treadmill tests (5 min, 2 km h-1, 12% slope) before and after 15-days treatment with placebo or a leucocyte-derived free radical scavenger (Piroxicam, 20 mg day-1), the second test being carried out at the TcPO2 half-recovery time. Blood samples were collected at baseline, at the maximum walking times and the TcPO2 half recovery times. The total and differential leucocyte counts, the percentage of cells with pseudopodia or cytoplasmatic irregularities, the filterability rates (using a positive pressure Nuclepore filter system) of the main leucocyte subfractions and plasma oxidant activity were monitored. Compared with values before treatment and with the placebo-treated group Piroxicam therapy significantly (P less than 0.001) reduced the final half-recovery time, the percentage of cells with pseudopodia and the level of plasma oxidant activity (P less than 0.01) and kept the granulocyte filterability rate stable, showing leucocyte-derived free radicals are involved in peripheral ischaemia.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/259/CN-00077259/frame.html										
V. Clark and A. Burden	2005	A 4-week wobble board exercise programme improved muscle onset latency and perceived stability in individuals with a functionally unstable ankle		Physical therapy in sport			6		4	181-7						Journal: Article		A 4-week wobble board exercise programme improved muscle onset latency and perceived stability in individuals with a functionally unstable ankle														CN-00575742				Objectives: To investigate the effects of wobble board training on the onset of muscle activity and perception of stability in participants with a functionally unstable ankle. Participants: Nineteen male participants (Mean age=29.7 years, SD=4.9) who complained of a weak ankle and had sustained at least three sprains in the past 2 years, but no injury for 3 months, a negative anterior draw, normal standing biomechanics, no movement dysfunction, and no cardiac or neurological balance problems. Method: Participants completed a questionnaire on functional stability. Using surface electromyography (sEMG) the onset time of the tibialis anterior (TA) and peroneus longus (PL) were recorded in response to a sudden 20degree inversion. Participants were assigned to two groups; control (n=9) and exercise (n=10). The exercise group underwent a monitored 4-week wobble board programme (10 min per session, three times per week). Results: Post training, the exercise group showed a significant decrease in muscle onset latency (p<0.05) and a significant improvement in perception of their functional stability (p<0.01). Conclusion: The findings indicate that, even after a short period, wobble board exercise reduces the likelihood of further sprains in individuals with functionally unstable ankles. 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/742/CN-00575742/frame.html										
C. L. Clarke, R. J. Holdsworth, C. G. Ryan and M. H. Granat	2013	Free-living physical activity as a novel outcome measure in patients with intermittent claudication		European Journal of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery			45		2	162-7					Feb	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Free-living physical activity as a novel outcome measure in patients with intermittent claudication	Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg	1532-2165												23265683				OBJECTIVE: To develop a method of event-based analysis that quantifies the fragmented nature of walking bouts in individuals with intermittent claudication [IC] and compare outcomes with age and gender-matched healthy controls.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional.
MATERIALS: The activPAL physical activity monitor.
METHODS: 7-day physical activity patterns were compared between individuals with IC (n = 30) and controls matched for age and gender (n = 30). The ratio of the number of walking events to upright events was calculated to provide an event-based claudication index (EBCI) that represented the fragmented nature of walking bouts commonly reported in those with IC.
RESULTS: Individuals with IC had a greater EBCI than age matched controls indicating a more fragmented walking pattern (5.8 + 2.0 vs. 7.7 + 3.1, p < 0.01). The difference between groups was more pronounced when the EBCI was calculated from upright events that included >400 steps (23.4 + 11.3 vs. 35.8 + 14.2, p < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: The classic fragmented stop/start walking pattern universally described by individuals with IC can be quantified using the EBCI. This method of measurement potentially provides a novel method of assessing the effectiveness of clinical interventions for this patient group. Crown Copyright 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Clarke, C L
Holdsworth, R J
Ryan, C G
Granat, M H
S1078-5884(12)00789-7		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23265683http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23265683&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.ejvs.2012.11.027&issn=1078-5884&volume=45&issue=2&spage=162&pages=162-7&date=2013&title=European+Journal+of+Vascular+%26+Endovascular+Surgery&atitle=Free-living+physical+activity+as+a+novel+outcome+measure+in+patients+with+intermittent+claudication.&aulast=Clarke&pid=%3Cauthor%3EClarke+CL%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23265683%3C%2FAN%3E		The School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, Scotland, UK. clare.clarke@gcu.ac.uk						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

E. Clays, D. De Bacquer, K. Van Herck, G. De Backer, F. Kittel and A. Holtermann	2012	Occupational and leisure time physical activity in contrasting relation to ambulatory blood pressure		BMC Public Health			12			1002						Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Occupational and leisure time physical activity in contrasting relation to ambulatory blood pressure	BMC Public Health	1471-2458					PMC3551777							23164344				BACKGROUND: While moderate and vigorous leisure time physical activities are well documented to decrease the risk for cardiovascular disease, several studies have demonstrated an increased risk for cardiovascular disease in workers with high occupational activity. Research on the underlying causes to the contrasting effects of occupational and leisure time physical activity on cardiovascular health is lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the relation of objective and self-report measures of occupational and leisure time physical activity with 24-h ambulatory systolic blood pressure (BP).
METHODS: Results for self-reported physical activity are based on observations in 182 workers (60% male, mean age 51 years), while valid objective physical activity data were available in 151 participants. The usual level of physical activity was assessed by 5 items from the Job Content Questionnaire (high physical effort, lifting heavy loads, rapid physical activity, awkward body positions and awkward positions of head or arms at work) and one item asking about the general level of physical activity during non-working time. On a regular working day, participants wore an ambulatory BP monitor and an accelerometer physical activity monitor during 24 h. Associations were examined by means of Analysis of Covariance.
RESULTS: Workers with an overall high level of self-reported occupational physical activity as well as those who reported to often lift heavy loads at work had a higher mean systolic BP at work, at home and during sleep. However, no associations were observed between objectively measured occupational physical activity and BP. In contrast, those with objectively measured high proportion of moderate and vigorous leisure time physical activity had a significantly lower mean systolic BP during daytime, while no differences were observed according to self-reported level of leisure time physical activity.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that workers reporting static occupational physical activities, unlike general physically demanding tasks characterized by dynamic movements of large muscle groups, are related to a higher daily systolic BP, while high objective levels of moderate and vigorous leisure time physical activity are related to lower daytime systolic BP. Ambulatory systolic BP may be a physiological explanatory factor for the contrasting effects of occupational and leisure time physical activity.	Clays, Els
De Bacquer, Dirk
Van Herck, Koen
De Backer, Guy
Kittel, France
Holtermann, Andreas		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23164344http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23164344&id=doi:10.1186%2F1471-2458-12-1002&issn=1471-2458&volume=12&issue=1&spage=1002&pages=1002&date=2012&title=BMC+Public+Health&atitle=Occupational+and+leisure+time+physical+activity+in+contrasting+relation+to+ambulatory+blood+pressure.&aulast=Clays&pid=%3Cauthor%3EClays+E%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23164344%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Public Health, Ghent University, University Hospital, (2) Block A, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium. els.clays@UGent.be						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. Clemes and P. Griffiths	2008	How many days of pedometer monitoring predict monthly ambulatory activity in adults?		Medicine and science in sports and exercise			40		9	1589-95						Randomized Controlled Trial		How many days of pedometer monitoring predict monthly ambulatory activity in adults?								Pubmed 18685533						CN-00698233				PURPOSE: To determine how many days of pedometer monitoring are necessary to estimate monthly ambulatory activity in adults. METHODS: Two hundred and twelve adults (64% female; age = 38.3 +/- 13.3 yr; body mass index = 27.9 +/- 5.3 kg x m(-2)) wore a pedometer (SW-200) for 28 consecutive days. About 76.4% were randomly allocated to a reliability group, whereas the remainder (n = 50) comprised a confirmation group. Mean step counts calculated over the 28-d period served as the criterion. Using the reliability group, intraclass correlations (ICC) were computed for the entire 4-wk period, for 3, 2, and 1 wk, and for different combinations of any 6, 5, 4, 3, and 2 d. The reliability of the recommended time frame was tested in the confirmation group using regression analysis. RESULTS: In the reliability group, the ICC for any single given day was 0.41. All combinations including 6 d or more had ICC above 0.80. The inclusion of participant characteristics into a regression, alongside mean steps reported during 1 wk of monitoring, failed to strengthen the prediction. When tested in the confirmation group, there was a significant relationship between mean step counts calculated from the first week of monitoring and the criterion (adjusted R2 = 0.91, P< 0.001). CONCLUSION: It is recommended that researchers collect pedometer data over a 7-d period for a reliable estimate of monthly activity in adults. A 7-d period is recommended, as opposed to 6 d (where ICC > 0.80) because: 1) step counts are characteristically lower on a Sunday; thus, for a reliable estimate of habitual activity, Sunday activity should always be included; and 2) in the event of missing data (1 d), data collected on 6 d will remain sufficiently reliable to estimate mean monthly activity.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/233/CN-00698233/frame.html										
M. Climstein, P. O'Shea, K. Adams and M. DeBeliso	2003	The effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids upon resting and peak exercise left ventricular heart wall motion kinetics in male strength and power athletes		Journal of science and medicine in sport			6		4	387-97						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial;		The effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids upon resting and peak exercise left ventricular heart wall motion kinetics in male strength and power athletes								Pubmed 14723389						CN-00473052				Previous investigations reported alterations in myocardial fibres and systolic function associated with anabolic-androgenic steroid consumption by athletes. Advances in bio-medical technology have allowed further investigation in assessing the possible effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids on gross left ventricular kinetics. Twenty-three male strength and power athletes with a past and current history of anabolic-androgenic steroid consumption (x 46 days, range 28 days to 70 days), were compared to 23 controls. Testing consisted of resting and immediate post-exercise transthoracic left ventricular wall cardiokymograms. Statistical results identified no difference over time between groups or condition. Cardiokymographic waveform analysis found 32.61% of all (n =184) waveforms to be abnormal (Type II, n = 56 or Type III, n = 4). There were 14 treatment subjects (60.87%) who demonstrated an abnormal waveform as compared to 9 controls (39.13%). A significant difference (p < or = 0.01) in the overall proportions of waveform types was identified where the treatment group exhibited 41.30% abnormal waveforms, compared to 23.91% by controls. Additionally, two athletes (1 treatment, 1 control) demonstrated abnormal left ventricular wall motions (Type III) analogous to impaired left ventricular performance. The results indicated: (a) highly strength trained athletes with no history of anabolic-androgenic steroid usage exhibited an unexpected high incidence of Type II waveforms (28.26% pre/23.91% post); (b) a comparable group of strength trained athletes using anabolic-androgenic steroids exhibited a significantly higher percentage of abnormal waveforms as compared to controls (34.78% pre/37.21% post). Based on these results, high intensity strength training with and without anabolic-androgenic steroid supplementation induced alterations in the left ventricular wall motion.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/052/CN-00473052/frame.html										
T. Cochrane, R. Davey, Z. Iqbal, C. Gidlow, J. Kumar, R. Chambers and Y. Mawby	2012	NHS health checks through general practice: randomised trial of population cardiovascular risk reduction		BMC public health			12			944						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		NHS health checks through general practice: randomised trial of population cardiovascular risk reduction								Pubmed 23116213						CN-00841856				BACKGROUND: The global burden of the major vascular diseases is projected to rise and to remain the dominant non-communicable disease cluster well into the twenty first century. The Department of Health in England has developed the NHS Health Check service as a policy initiative to reduce population vascular disease risk. The aims of this study were to monitor population changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors over the first year of the new service and to assess the value of tailored lifestyle support, including motivational interview with ongoing support and referral to other services. METHODS: Randomised trial comparing NHS Health Check service only with NHS Health Check service plus additional lifestyle support in Stoke on Trent, England. Thirty eight general practices and 601 (365 usual care, 236 additional lifestyle support) patients were recruited and randomised independently between September 2009 and February 2010. Changes in population CVD risk between baseline and one year follow-up were compared, using intention-to-treat analysis. The primary outcome was the Framingham 10 year CVD risk score. Secondary outcomes included individual modifiable risk measures and prevalence of individual risk categories. Additional lifestyle support included referral to a lifestyle coach and free sessions as needed for: weight management, physical activity, cook and eat and positive thinking. RESULTS: Average population CVD risk decreased from 32.9% to 29.4% (p <0.001) in the NHS Health Check only group and from 31.9% to 29.2% (p <0.001) in the NHS Health Check plus additional lifestyle support group. There was no significant difference between the two groups at either measurement point. Prevalence of high blood pressure, high cholesterol and smoking were reduced significantly (p <0.01) in both groups. Prevalence of central obesity was reduced significantly (p <0.01) in the group receiving additional lifestyle support but not in the NHS Health Check only group. CONCLUSIONS: The NHS Health Check service in Stoke on Trent resulted in significant reduction in estimated population CVD risk. There was no evidence of further benefit of the additional lifestyle support services in terms of absolute CVD risk reduction.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/856/CN-00841856/frame.html										
K. Cocker, I. Bourdeaudhuij, W. Brown and G. Cardon	2008	The effect of a pedometer-based physical activity intervention on sitting time		Preventive medicine			47		2	179-81						Controlled Clinical Trial;		The effect of a pedometer-based physical activity intervention on sitting time								Pubmed 18617257						CN-00649663				OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the "10,000 Steps Ghent" intervention had any effect on self-reported sitting time. METHODS: A multi-strategy community-based intervention was implemented in 2005 to promote physical activity (PA) to adults living in Ghent, Belgium. In 2005, 648 randomly selected participants (aged 25 to 75) from the intervention community Ghent and 592 from a comparison community, completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and a pedometer log. Of these, 440 intervention participants and 426 comparison participants completed the follow-up measurements in 2006. RESULTS: A decrease of 12 min in total daily sitting time was found in the intervention community, compared with an increase of 18 min/day in the comparison community (F=9.5, p=0.002). The effect was seen for both weekday (p=0.044) and weekend day (p<0.001) sitting times. In the intervention community, total daily sitting time decreased more in the participants who increased their step counts (-18 min/day; t=2.5; p=0.012), than in those who did not (no change; t=0.8, ns). CONCLUSIONS: After 1 year of intervention, total, weekday, and weekend day sitting times were reduced in the intervention community, while sitting time increased in the comparison community.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/663/CN-00649663/frame.html										
N. Coghill and A. Cooper	2008	The effect of a home-based walking program on risk factors for coronary heart disease in hypercholesterolaemic men. A randomized controlled trial		Preventive medicine			46		6	545-51						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The effect of a home-based walking program on risk factors for coronary heart disease in hypercholesterolaemic men. A randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 18316115						CN-00647774				BACKGROUND: Hypercholesterolaemia and physical inactivity significantly contribute towards risk of coronary heart disease. Increased physical activity may be an effective way to improve lipid profiles in hypercholesterolaemic individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a home-based physical activity program meeting current guidelines improved the lipid profile of hypercholesterolaemic men. METHODS: Sixty-seven hypercholesterolaemic men (55.1 (4.9) years), from Bristol England, recruited between 2002-2004, were randomized to either 12 weeks of brisk walking sufficient to expend at least 300 kcal each walk or control condition. Fasting lipids including total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), glucose, insulin, blood pressure and anthropometric characteristics were measured at baseline and follow-up. Compliance was monitored using accelerometers and activity logs. RESULTS: After controlling for baseline differences, TC/HDL-C was significantly lower in the intervention group at follow-up (-0.28, 95% CI: -0.52, -0.03, p=0.03). An increase in HDL-C (0.07 mmol/l: -0.01, 0.12, p=0.07) and reduction in TG (-0.30 mmol/l: -0.64, 0.03, p=0.07) in intervention participants were of borderline statistical significance. Weight significantly decreased in intervention participants (-1.40 kg: -2.43, -0.38, p<0.01). No other significant between group effects were found. Compliance to the walking program was 97.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Twelve weeks of moderate intensity walking was sufficient to improve TC/HDL-C in hypercholesterolaemic men, primarily through improvement in HDL-C.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/774/CN-00647774/frame.html										
N. Coghill and A. Cooper	2009	Motivators and de-motivators for adherence to a program of sustained walking		Preventive medicine			49		1	24-7						Randomized Controlled Trial		Motivators and de-motivators for adherence to a program of sustained walking								Pubmed 19426757						CN-00719551				OBJECTIVE: To investigate motivators, de-motivators and adherence to regular physical activity during and at six months after participation in a 12-week randomized controlled trial (RCT) of walking. DESIGN: Purposive sampling in a group of men who participated in a RCT of supported, home-based walking in Bristol, England, between December 2002 and June 2005. METHOD: 38 sedentary, hypercholesterolemic men (54.8 (5.0) years) who participated in a 12-week RCT of walking with regular professional support, were interviewed by telephone six months after the RCT. RESULTS: Health or fitness were the main motivational themes for adherence to walking during the RCT. Six-months after the RCT, 27 participants were still doing some walking and 18 were more physically active than before the RCT. In those who were still physically active, health benefits were motivators for adherence. In those who were less active, lack of time was a de-motivator with external support identified as a motivator for becoming more active. CONCLUSION: Health was the main motivating factor for adherence to physical activity during and after the supported RCT. Lack of external support was a de-motivator for sustaining physical activity.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/551/CN-00719551/frame.html										
J. Cohn, G. Johnson, R. Shabetai, H. Loeb, F. Tristani, T. Rector, R. Smith and R. Fletcher	1993	Ejection fraction, peak exercise oxygen consumption, cardiothoracic ratio, ventricular arrhythmias, and plasma norepinephrine as determinants of prognosis in heart failure. The V-HeFT VA Cooperative Studies Group		Circulation			87		6 Suppl	Vi5-16						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Ejection fraction, peak exercise oxygen consumption, cardiothoracic ratio, ventricular arrhythmias, and plasma norepinephrine as determinants of prognosis in heart failure. The V-HeFT VA Cooperative Studies Group								Pubmed 8500240						CN-00093419				BACKGROUND: Recognition of the complex pathophysiology of heart failure and its high mortality has emphasized the need for prognostic markers that can be used in clinical assessment as well as in the design of mortality trials. Data from the Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Vasodilator-Heart Failure Trials (V-HeFT I, 642 patients; V-HeFT II, 804 patients) were therefore examined to determine the influence of prerandomization measurements on subsequent mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients entered into these trials were men with cardiac dysfunction and reduced peak exercise capacity. Measurements included in this analysis were left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) measured by radionuclide angiography, peak bicycle exercise oxygen consumption (VO2), cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) measured on a chest x-ray, ventricular arrhythmias assessed in a core laboratory by short-term Holter monitoring, plasma norepinephrine and plasma renin activity measured in a core laboratory only in V-HeFT II, and a variety of diagnostic and demographic data. The variables related only weakly to each other. EF, VO2, and CTR were powerful independent predictors of all-cause mortality in both studies. Ventricular arrhythmia was a significant independent predictor in V-HeFT II but not in V-HeFT I. Plasma norepinephrine but not plasma renin activity measured in V-HeFT II also had independent prognostic value. Other variables did not exert an independent effect on mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Optimal assessment of the mortality risk in an individual or a group of individuals with heart failure uses measurement of EF, peak VO2, CTR, plasma norepinephrine, and the presence of ventricular arrhythmias.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/419/CN-00093419/frame.html										
L. Coke, B. Staffileno, L. Braun and M. Gulanick	2008	Upper-body progressive resistance training improves strength and household physical activity performance in women attending cardiac rehabilitation		Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and prevention			28		4	238-45; quiz 246-7						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Upper-body progressive resistance training improves strength and household physical activity performance in women attending cardiac rehabilitation								Pubmed 18628653						CN-00649750				PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of moderate-intensity, progressive, upper-body resistance training (RT) on muscle strength and perceived performance of household physical activities (HPA) among women in cardiac rehabilitation. METHODS: The 10-week, pretest-posttest, experiment randomized women to either usual care (UC) aerobic exercise or RT. Muscle strength for 5 upper-body RT exercises (chest press, shoulder press, biceps curl, lateral row, and triceps extension) was measured using the 1-Repetition Maximum Assessment. The RT group progressively increased weight lifted using 40%, 50%, and 60% of obtained 1-Repetition Maximum Assessment at 3-week intervals. Perceived performance of HPA was measured with the Kimble Household Activities Scale. RESULTS: The RT group (n = 16, mean age 64 +/- 11) significantly increased muscle strength in all 5 exercises in comparison with the UC group (n = 14, mean age 65 +/- 10) (chest press, 18% vs 11%; shoulder press, 24% vs 14%; biceps curl, 21% vs 12%; lateral row, 32% vs 9%; and triceps extension, 28% vs 20%, respectively). By study end, Household Activities Scale scores significantly increased (F = 13.878, P = .001) in the RT group (8.75 +/- 3.19 vs 11.25 +/- 2.14), whereas scores in the UC group decreased (8.60 +/- 3.11 vs 6.86 +/- 4.13). CONCLUSION: Progressive upper-body RT in women shows promise as an effective tool to increase muscle strength and improve the ability to perform HPA after a cardiac event. Beginning RT early after a cardiac event in a monitored cardiac rehabilitation environment can maximize the strengthening benefit.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/750/CN-00649750/frame.html										
S. Colcombe, A. Kramer, K. Erickson, P. Scalf, E. McAuley, N. Cohen, A. Webb, G. Jerome, D. Marquez and S. Elavsky	2004	Cardiovascular fitness, cortical plasticity, and aging		Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America			101		9	3316-21						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Cardiovascular fitness, cortical plasticity, and aging								Pubmed 14978288						CN-00469185				Cardiovascular fitness is thought to offset declines in cognitive performance, but little is known about the cortical mechanisms that underlie these changes in humans. Research using animal models shows that aerobic training increases cortical capillary supplies, the number of synaptic connections, and the development of new neurons. The end result is a brain that is more efficient, plastic, and adaptive, which translates into better performance in aging animals. Here, in two separate experiments, we demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge, in humans that increases in cardiovascular fitness results in increased functioning of key aspects of the attentional network of the brain during a cognitively challenging task. Specifically, highly fit (Study 1) or aerobically trained (Study 2) persons show greater task-related activity in regions of the prefrontal and parietal cortices that are involved in spatial selection and inhibitory functioning, when compared with low-fit (Study 1) or nonaerobic control (Study 2) participants. Additionally, in both studies there exist groupwise differences in activation of the anterior cingulate cortex, which is thought to monitor for conflict in the attentional system, and signal the need for adaptation in the attentional network. These data suggest that increased cardiovascular fitness can affect improvements in the plasticity of the aging human brain, and may serve to reduce both biological and cognitive senescence in humans.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/185/CN-00469185/frame.html										
D. Collard, E. Verhagen, W. Mechelen, M. Heymans and M. Chinapaw	2011	Economic burden of physical activity-related injuries in Dutch children aged 10-12		British journal of sports medicine			45		13	1058-63						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Economic burden of physical activity-related injuries in Dutch children aged 10-12								Pubmed 21685503						CN-00811218				BACKGROUND: Injuries in children occur most often in physical activity-related activities. A lot of these injuries result in direct and indirect costs. A detailed overview of the economic burden of those injuries in children is lacking. METHOD: A prospective study was conducted with 996 children in Dutch primary schools to describe the economic burden of injuries that occur during organised sports, leisure time and physical education (PE) class activities. Injuries were continuously monitored by PE teachers during the school year 2006-2007. An injury was recorded if it occurred during PE class, leisure time or organised sports activity and caused the child to at least stop the current activity. If an injury was recorded, parents received a cost diary to report the direct and indirect costs of the child's injury. Costs were collected from a societal perspective. RESULTS: During one school year, a total of 119 injuries were reported by 104 children. The mean total costs as a result of an injury were ?188 ± 317. The mean direct costs as a result of an injury were much higher than the mean indirect costs (?131 ± 213 and ?57 ± 159, respectively). The highest costs were found for upper extremity and leisure time injuries. CONCLUSION: Physical activity-related injuries are common in children and result in medical costs. Injuries that lead to the highest costs are those that occur during leisure time activities and upper extremity injuries. Intervention programmes for children to prevent upper extremity injuries and leisure time activity injuries may reduce direct (ie, healthcare) and indirect costs. Trial registration: ISRCTN78846684.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/218/CN-00811218/frame.html										
R. Colley, S. Connor Gorber and M. S. Tremblay	2010	Quality control and data reduction procedures for accelerometry-derived measures of physical activity		Health Reports			21		1	63-9					Mar	Validation Studies		Quality control and data reduction procedures for accelerometry-derived measures of physical activity	Health Rep	0840-6529												20426228				BACKGROUND: This article describes four key quality control and data reduction issues that researchers should consider when using accelerometry to measure physical activity: monitor reliability, spurious data, monitor wear time, and number of valid days required for analysis.
DATA SOURCE AND METHODS: Exploratory analyses were conducted on an unweighted subsample (n=987) of the accelerometry data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey. Participants were asked to wear an accelerometer for 7 consecutive days. Calibration, reliability, biological plausibility and compliance issues were explored using descriptive statistics.
RESULTS: Ongoing calibration is an effective method for identifying malfunctioning accelerometers. The percentage of files deemed viable for analysis depends on participant compliance, the allowable interruption period chosen and the minimum wear-time-per-day criterion. A 60-minute allowable interruption period and 10-hours-per-day wear time criteria resulted in 95% of the subsample having at least 1 valid day, and 84% having at least 4 valid days.
INTERPRETATION: Before the derivation of physical activity outcomes, accelerometry data should undergo standardized quality control and data reduction procedures to prevent mis-representation of the results. Incomplete accelerometry data should be handled carefully, and strategies to improve compliance in the field are warranted.	Colley, Rachel
Connor Gorber, Sarah
Tremblay, Mark S		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=20426228http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:20426228&id=doi:&issn=0840-6529&volume=21&issue=1&spage=63&pages=63-9&date=2010&title=Health+Reports&atitle=Quality+control+and+data+reduction+procedures+for+accelerometry-derived+measures+of+physical+activity.&aulast=Colley&pid=%3Cauthor%3EColley+R%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E20426228%3C%2FAN%3E		Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario. Rachel.Colley@statcan.gc.ca						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. Collins, P. Morgan, P. Jones, K. Fletcher, J. Martin, E. Aguiar, A. Lucas, M. Neve, P. McElduff and R. Callister	2010	Evaluation of a commercial web-based weight loss and weight loss maintenance program in overweight and obese adults: a randomized controlled trial		BMC public health			10			669						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Evaluation of a commercial web-based weight loss and weight loss maintenance program in overweight and obese adults: a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 21047432						CN-00781103				BACKGROUND: Obesity rates in adults continue to rise and effective treatment programs with a broad reach are urgently required. This paper describes the study protocol for a web-based randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a commercially available program for overweight and obese adult males and females. The aim of this RCT was to determine and compare the efficacy of two web-based interventions for weight loss and maintenance of lost weight. METHODS/DESIGN: Overweight and obese adult males and females were stratified by gender and BMI and randomly assigned to one of three groups for 12-weeks: waitlist control, or basic or enhanced online weight-loss. Control participants were re-randomized to the two weight loss groups at the end of the 12-week period. The basic and enhanced group participants had an option to continue or repeat the 12-week program. If the weight loss goal was achieved at the end of 12, otherwise on completion of 24 weeks of weight loss, participants were re-randomized to one of two online maintenance programs (maintenance basic or maintenance enhanced), until 18 months from commencing the weight loss program. Assessments took place at baseline, three, six, and 18 months after commencing the initial weight loss intervention with control participants repeating the initial assessment after three month of waiting. The primary outcome is body mass index (BMI). Other outcomes include weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, plasma markers of cardiovascular disease risk, dietary intake, eating behaviours, physical activity and quality of life.Both the weight loss and maintenance of lost weight programs were based on social cognitive theory with participants advised to set goals, self-monitor weight, dietary intake and physical activity levels. The enhanced weight loss and maintenance programs provided additional personalized, system-generated feedback on progress and use of the program. Details of the methodological aspects of recruitment, inclusion criteria, randomization, intervention programs, assessments and statistical analyses are described. DISCUSSION: Importantly, this paper describes how an RCT of a currently available commercial online program in Australia addresses some of the short falls in the current literature pertaining to the efficacy of web-based weight loss programs.Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) number: ACTRN12610000197033.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/103/CN-00781103/frame.html										
C. Collins, P. Morgan, J. Warren, D. Lubans and R. Callister	2011	Men participating in a weight-loss intervention are able to implement key dietary messages, but not those relating to vegetables or alcohol: the Self-Help, Exercise and Diet using Internet Technology (SHED-IT) study		Public health nutrition			14		1	168-75						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Men participating in a weight-loss intervention are able to implement key dietary messages, but not those relating to vegetables or alcohol: the Self-Help, Exercise and Diet using Internet Technology (SHED-IT) study								Pubmed 20602869						CN-00767903				OBJECTIVE: To describe dietary changes in men participating in an obesity intervention as part of the Self-Help, Exercise and Diet using Information Technology (SHED-IT) study. DESIGN: An assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial comparing Internet (n 34) v. information-only groups (n 31) with 6-month follow-up. Dietary intake assessed by FFQ, reporting usual consumption of seventy-four foods and six alcoholic beverages using a 10-point frequency scale. A single portion size (PSF) factor was calculated based on photographs to indicate usual serving sizes. SETTING: The campus community of the University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. SUBJECTS: Sixty-five overweight/obese men (43 % students, 42 % non-academic general staff, 15 % academic staff; mean age 35.9 (sd 11.1) years, mean BMI 30.6 (sd 2.8) kg/m2). RESULTS: The average PSF decreased significantly over time (?2 = 20.9, df = 5, P < 0.001) with no differences between groups. While both groups reduced mean daily energy intake (GLM ?2 = 34.5, df = 3, P < 0.001), there was a trend towards a greater reduction in the Internet group (GLM ?2 = 3.3, P = 0.07). Both groups reduced percentage of energy from fat (P < 0.05), saturated fat (P < 0.001) and energy-dense/nutrient-poor items (P < 0.05), with no change in dietary fibre or alcohol (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although men reported some positive dietary changes during weight loss, they did not increase vegetable intakes nor decrease alcohol consumption, while saturated fat, fibre and Na intakes still exceeded national targets. Future interventions for men should promote specific food-based guidelines to target improvements in their diet-related risk factor profile for chronic diseases.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/903/CN-00767903/frame.html										
R. Colombo, L. Mazzini, G. Mora, R. Parenzan, G. Creola, I. Pirali and G. Minuco	2000	Measurement of isometric muscle strength: a reproducibility study of maximal voluntary contraction in normal subjects and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients		Medical engineering & physics			22		3	167-74						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Measurement of isometric muscle strength: a reproducibility study of maximal voluntary contraction in normal subjects and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients								Pubmed 10964037						CN-00299264				Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative disease of unknown cause, resulting in the progressive loss of voluntary motor activity. Traditional methods of evaluating patients with ALS (neurologic assessment, manual muscle testing and rating scales) involve subjective elements and lack the sensitivity needed to detect small but meaningful changes in deterioration and therapeutic efficacy. This paper presents a recently developed strength measurement instrument, useful for the long-term monitoring of muscle strength deterioration in ALS. In addition, a reproducibility study to assess the intra- and interobserver reliability of maximal voluntary isometric contraction is reported. The strength measurement instrument consists of a strain gauge force transducer, a bridge amplifier and a mechanical structure to counteract movements. A personal computer acquires the strength signal during each voluntary contraction and automatically computes the maximal value. Reproducibility of measurement was assessed in 18 normal subjects tested twice, on successive days, with the same examiner and under the same conditions. The interexaminer reproducibility of measurement was assessed in a group of 13 normal subjects and 10 ALS patients. Each subject of the two groups was independently examined by three examiners. The two reproducibility studies showed a high intraclass correlation coefficient (0.91-0.97) and low SEM and measurement error (3-10%) in all muscle regions tested. The Bland and Altman plots confirmed these results.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/264/CN-00299264/frame.html										
J. Coman, R. Freedman, B. Koplan, R. Reeves, P. Santucci, K. Stolen, S. Kraus and T. Meyer	2008	A blended sensor restores chronotropic response more favorably than an accelerometer alone in pacemaker patients: the LIFE study results		Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE			31		11	1433-42						Controlled Clinical Trial; Multicenter Study		A blended sensor restores chronotropic response more favorably than an accelerometer alone in pacemaker patients: the LIFE study results								Pubmed 18950301						CN-00665376				BACKGROUND: Adaptive rate sensors used in permanent pacemakers incorporate an accelerometer (XL) to increase heart rate with activity. Limited data exists regarding the relative benefit of a blended sensor (BS) (XL and minute ventilation) versus XL alone in restoring chronotropic response (CR) in chronotropically incompetent (CI) patients. METHODS: One thousand five hundred thirty-eight patients from the limiting chronotropic incompetence for pacemaker recipients (LIFE) study were implanted with a pacemaker and 1,256 patients had data collected at 1 month. Patients performed a treadmill test 1-month postimplant while programmed in nonrate responsive mode (DDD-60) to determine CI. Only patients who completed at least three exercise stages and achieved a peak perceived exertion >or=16 were included in the analyses. The metabolic chronotropic relationship (MCR) slope was used to evaluate CR in 547 patients. Patients were randomized to XL or BS with a conservative fixed rate response factor (XL = 8, MV = 4). CI patients performed a follow-up 6-month treadmill test. RESULTS: CI prevalence in this patient population (n = 547) was 34%. No differences in baseline characteristics existed between groups. Although both groups showed significant within-group improvements in MCR slope from 1 to 6 months (both P < 0.001), the BS group had a significantly higher MCR slope at 6 months compared to the XL group (P = 0.011). Improvement in quality of life (QOL) did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS: In this general pacemaker population with CI, a BS programmed empirically restores CR more favorably than an XL sensor programmed nominally. Further studies are needed to determine if individual sensor optimization would lead to improvement in functional capacity, higher MCR slopes, and QOL.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/376/CN-00665376/frame.html										
G. Conceicao-Souza, P. Pego-Fernandes, F. Cruz, G. Guimaraes, F. Bacal, M. Vieira, C. Grupi, M. Giorgi, F. Consolim-Colombo, C. Negrao, M. Rondon, L. Moreira and E. Bocchi	2012	Left cardiac sympathetic denervation for treatment of symptomatic systolic heart failure patients: A pilot study		European Journal of Heart Failure			14		12	1366-1373								Left cardiac sympathetic denervation for treatment of symptomatic systolic heart failure patients: A pilot study														CN-00898806				AimsTo evaluate the feasibility, safety, and potential beneficial effects of left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD) in systolic heart failure (HF) patients.Methods and resultsIn this prospective, randomized pilot study, inclusion criteria were New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II or III, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <=40, sinus rhythm, and resting heart rate >65 b.p.m., despite optimal medical therapy (MT). Fifteen patients were randomly assigned either to MT alone or MT plus LCSD. The primary endpoint was safety, measured by mortality in the first month of follow-up and morbidity according to pre-specified criteria. Secondary endpoints were exercise capacity, quality of life, LVEF, muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and 24 h Holter mean heart rate before and after 6 months. We studied clinical effects in long-term follow-up. Ten patients underwent LCSD. There were no adverse events attributable to surgery. In the LCSD group, LVEF improved from 25 +/- 6.6 to 33 +/- 5.2 (P = 0.03); 6 min walking distance improved from 167 +/- 35 to 198 +/- 47 m (P = 0.02). Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLWHFQ) score physical dimension changed from 21 +/- 5 to 15 +/- 7 (P = 0.06). The remaining analysed variables were unchanged. During 848 +/- 549 days of follow-up, in the MT group, three patients either died or underwent cardiac transplantation (CT), while in the LCSD group six were alive without CT.ConclusionsLCSD was feasible and seemed to be safe in systolic HF patients. Its beneficial effects warrant the development of a larger randomized trial.Trail registration: NCT01224899. 2012 The Author.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/806/CN-00898806/frame.html										
M. Conroy, K. Yang, O. Elci, K. Gabriel, M. Styn, J. Wang, A. Kriska, S. Sereika and L. Burke	2011	Physical activity self-monitoring and weight loss: 6-month results of the SMART trial		Medicine and science in sports and exercise			43		8	1568-74						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Physical activity self-monitoring and weight loss: 6-month results of the SMART trial								Pubmed 21200337						CN-00812859				INTRODUCTION: Weight loss has been associated with higher physical activity (PA) levels and frequent dietary self-monitoring. Less is known about how PA self-monitoring affects adherence to PA goals, PA levels, and weight change. METHODS: The SMART Trial is a clinical weight loss trial in which 210 overweight adults were randomized equally to one of three arms: 1) paper record (PR), 2) personal digital assistant with self-monitoring software (PDA), and 3) PDA with daily tailored feedback message (PDA + FB). PA self-monitoring and adherence to PA goals were based on entries in weekly submitted diaries. PA levels were measured via self-report by the past 6-month Modifiable Activity Questionnaire at baseline and 6 months. RESULTS: Data are presented on 189 participants with complete 6-month PA data (84% female, 77% white, mean age = 47.3 ± 8.8 yr, mean body mass index = 34.1 ± 4.5 kg·m(-2)). Median PA level was 7.96 MET·h·wk(-1) at baseline and 13.4 MET·h·wk(-1) at 6 months, with significant PA increases in all three arms. PDA + FB arm had a higher mean number of weekly self-monitoring entries than the PR arm (3.4 vs 2.4, P = 0.003) and were more likely to maintain high (i.e., 100%) adherence to PA goals over time than the PDA (P = 0.02) or PR arms (P = 0.0003). Both PA self-monitoring and adherence to PA goals were related to higher PA levels at 6 months. A higher mean rate of PA self-monitoring was associated with a greater percentage of weight decrease (? = -0.49, P < 0.0001) at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: PA self-monitoring and adherence to PA goals were more likely in participants in the PDA + FB arm and in turn predicted higher PA levels and weight loss.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/859/CN-00812859/frame.html										
J. Conway, C. C. Tomkins and A. J. Haig	2011	Walking assessment in people with lumbar spinal stenosis: capacity, performance, and self-report measures		Spine Journal: Official Journal of the North American Spine Society			11		9	816-23					Sep			Walking assessment in people with lumbar spinal stenosis: capacity, performance, and self-report measures	Spine J	1878-1632					NIHMS258032
PMC3136653							21145292				BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Ambulation limitation is the hallmark of impairment in lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Capacity and performance have been defined as two distinct aspects of disability. Previous literature suggests that a person's walking capacity may not be reflected in their daily walking performance.
PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between survey instruments, tested walking capacity, and daily ambulatory performance in people diagnosed with LSS.
STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Prospective laboratory and clinical observational study at a tertiary care spine clinic.
PATIENT SAMPLE: Twelve subjects with LSS significant enough to be scheduled for epidural injection.
OUTCOME MEASURES: Questionnaire (including the Swiss Spinal Stenosis Questionnaire, Pain Disability Index, Oswestry Disability Index, Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale, and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey), laboratory walk testing (walking capacity), and activity monitors (community ambulation).
METHODS: Subjects filled out functional questionnaires, performed a Self-Paced Walking Test (SPWT) of up to 30 minutes, and wore an Actigraph activity monitor during walking hours for 7 days.
RESULTS: There was no statistically significant relationship between walking capacity (SPWT) and community ambulation per day (activity monitors), however, the maximum time of continuous activity during community ambulation had a strong relationship (r=0.63) with the SPWT. Fifteen self-report measures of ambulation were significantly correlated with the SPWT, activity monitor, or both. Of these, 13 (87%) were more highly correlated to the SPWT than the activity monitor. The SPWT had a strong relationship (r>0.60, p<.05) with global function scales but community ambulation did not.
CONCLUSIONS: Walking capacity and walking performance in LSS appear to be different constructs. Survey instruments appear to reflect capacity rather than performance. This dissociation between walking capacity and walking performance has implications for the clinical management and outcomes assessment of people with LSS. Copyright 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Conway, Justin
Tomkins, Christy C
Haig, Andrew J
R01 HD059259-06 (United States NICHD NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21145292http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21145292&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.spinee.2010.10.019&issn=1529-9430&volume=11&issue=9&spage=816&pages=816-23&date=2011&title=Spine+Journal%3A+Official+Journal+of+the+North+American+Spine+Society&atitle=Walking+assessment+in+people+with+lumbar+spinal+stenosis%3A+capacity%2C+performance%2C+and+self-report+measures.&aulast=Conway&pid=%3Cauthor%3EConway+J%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21145292%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. Cooke, J. Marsh, M. Clark, R. Nakash, R. Jarvis, J. Hutton, A. Szczepura, S. Wilson and S. Lamb	2009	Treatment of severe ankle sprain: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial comparing the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of three types of mechanical ankle support with tubular bandage. The CAST trial		Health technology assessment (Winchester, England)			13		13	iii, ix-x, 1-121						Comparative Study; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Treatment of severe ankle sprain: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial comparing the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of three types of mechanical ankle support with tubular bandage. The CAST trial								Pubmed 19232157						CN-00688642				OBJECTIVE: To estimate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of three methods of ankle support compared with double layer tubular compression bandage. DESIGN: A randomised controlled trial, designed to reflect practice in UK hospital emergency departments. SETTING: Eight emergency departments in England. PARTICIPANTS: Aged 16 or over with acute severe ankle sprain, unable to weight bear, no fracture. INTERVENTIONS: 584 participants were randomised to one of four treatment arms: tubular bandage, below knee cast, Aircast ankle brace or Bledsoe boot, all applied 2-3 days after presentation to allow swelling to resolve. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Response to treatment was assessed using the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score and generic measures (Functional Limitations Profile, SF-12 and EQ-5D). RESULTS: When adjusted for age, sex and baseline scores, the below knee cast offered a small but statistically significant benefit at 4 weeks in terms of pain (FAOS pain difference 5.1; 95% CI 0.4-9.8), foot- and ankle-related quality of life (QoL) (FAOS QoL difference 5.9; 95% CI 0.1-11.8) and the physical component of the SF-12 (SF-12 score difference 2.2; 95% CI 0.0-4.4). Neither the Aircast brace nor the Bledsoe boot was statistically or clinically better. At 12 weeks the below knee cast was significantly better than tubular bandage in terms of pain (FAOS pain difference 5.1; 95% CI 0.3-10.0), activities of daily living (FAOS ADL difference 3.5; 95% CI 0.4-6.6), sports (FAOS sports difference 8.7; 95% CI 1.6-15.7) and QoL (FAOS QoL difference 8.7; 95% CI 2.4-15.0), and the Aircast brace was better only in terms of ankle-related QoL and mental health. The Bledsoe boot conferred no significant advantage over tubular bandage. By 9 months there were no significant differences. Based on mean direct health-care costs per participant, the Bledsoe boot was the most expensive (215 pounds) and tubular bandage the least so (1 pound 44 pence). Inclusion of indirect costs (sick leave) raised overall costs substantially and removed any significant differences between the therapies. Cost-utility analysis demonstrated that the Aircast brace [301 pounds per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY)] and below knee cast (339 pounds per QALY) were more cost-effective than the Bledsoe boot (2116 pounds per QALY). However, inclusion of indirect costs produced different rank orders, depending on the assumptions made, and results should be treated with caution. CONCLUSIONS: The below knee cast and the Aircast brace offered cost-effective alternatives to tubular bandage for acute severe ankle sprain, the former having the advantage in terms of overall recovery at 3 months. As there were no differences in long-term outcome, practitioners should consider likely compliance and acceptability to patients when choosing a brace.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/642/CN-00688642/frame.html										
P. Cooke, M. Tully, M. Cupples, A. Gilliland and G. Gormley	2014	A randomised control trial of experiential learning to promote physical activity		Education for primary care			24		6	427-35						Journal: Article		A randomised control trial of experiential learning to promote physical activity								Pubmed 24196599						CN-00979436				The paucity of training in physical activity (PA) promotion in UK medical schools is a barrier to health professionals' promotion of PA to their patients. Doctors who are more physically active are more likely to counsel patients in this regard. We used a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to examine the effect of an intervention which engaged students in goal-setting, using pedometer step counts, on their PA behaviour and intentions to promote PA in future practice. We invited fourth-year medical students to participate in the study during their four-week placement in primary care. Following baseline pedometer measurement of daily step counts for one week, students were randomly allocated to intervention (individual step count goal-setting) or control groups. Using pedometers, both groups monitored their PA during the following week. Intentions to promote PA were assessed using a questionnaire based on the theory of planned behaviour at baseline, four weeks and nine weeks. Focus groups explored the students' experiences of PA measurement, goalsetting for behaviour change and health promotion teaching. One-hundred and thirty-six students participated (70 intervention; 66 control). The mean change in daily step count was greater ( P =0.001) in the intervention group (1245, 95% CI 762 to 1727) than in the control group (-65, 95% CI -644 to 573). Scores for perceived behavioural control over PA counselling increased in both groups, with a trend for higher scores in the intervention group. Intervention group students described how experience of personal PA behaviour change gave insights into barriers patients may face and improved their confidence in PA counselling. Medical students' personal experience of goal setting in increasing PA appears to lead to a more positive perception of their ability to deliver effective PA promotion in future practice. Inclusion of this learning experience within the undergraduate curriculum may improve doctors' skills in health promotion.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/436/CN-00979436/frame.html										
A. Cooper and F. Goff	2001	Does a single bout of brisk walking reduce ambulatory blood pressure in normotensives or hypertensives?		Cardiovascular reviews & reports			22		4	213-216+222						Journal: Article		Does a single bout of brisk walking reduce ambulatory blood pressure in normotensives or hypertensives?														CN-00442024				Public health guidelines recommend regular physical activity, such as walking, to reduce the risk of developing of a number of chronic disorders, including hypertension. The health-related changes produced by physical activity may be partly due to acute responses following each bout of activity. Postexercise hypotension (PEH) may be a mechanism leading to the beneficial effect of exercise on blood pressure, but it is uncertain whether PEH following moderate exercise persists while individuals carry out their normal daily activities. This report details a randomized, cross-over trial in 19 normotensive and eight hypertensive adults to investigate whether a single 30-minute bout of brisk walking during the working day induced a postexertional reduction in blood pressure while participants continued their normal activities. No significant differences were detected in ambulatory blood pressure following the exercise session in either normotensive or hypertensive participants when compared with a nonexercising control day, suggesting that brisk walking is not effective in inducing PEH in free-living individuals. 2001 by Cardiovascular Reviews and Reports, Inc.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/024/CN-00442024/frame.html										
H. Cooper, K. Booth and G. Gill	2009	A trial of empowerment-based education in type 2 diabetes-Global rather than glycaemic benefits		Insulin			4		1	61-7						Journal: Article		A trial of empowerment-based education in type 2 diabetes-Global rather than glycaemic benefits														CN-00753593				We have assessed the effect of a structured, empowerment-based educational system ("LAY or "Look After Yourself") for patients with type 2 diabetes. A randomised controlled trial (RCT) was conducted, testing the system against standard support. Using 3 centres, 89 patients participated in the study. Outcome measures included glycated haemoglobin (HbA<sub>1c</sub>), body mass index (BMI) and a variety of quantitative psychological and educational measures. Assessment was made at 6 months ("short-term") and 12 months ("long-term") post-intervention. The educational programme was associated with benefits in HbA<sub>1c</sub> levels (p = 0.005), illness attitudes (p = 0.04), and perceived treatment effectiveness (p = 0.03) at 6 months follow-up compared to controls. At 12 months however, only illness attitudes (p = 0.01), and self-monitoring (p = 0.002) showed benefit. A combined outcome measure showed positive benefit for the educational programme both at 6 months (p = 0.001) and 12 months (p = 0.002). This structured educational programme, aimed at encouraging selfhelp, was associated with only limited benefits in glycaemic control, but there were significant educational and psychological benefits. Diabetes education should be regarded as having broad patient-based positive outcomes, and should not be expected to have lasting benefits on glycaemic control. 2009 Excerpta Medica Inc. All rights reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/593/CN-00753593/frame.html										
L. Copeland, G. Berg, D. Johnson and R. Bauer	2010	An intervention for VA patients with congestive heart failure		American journal of managed care			16		3	158-65						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		An intervention for VA patients with congestive heart failure								Pubmed 20225911						CN-00743377				OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of a telephone intervention to improve quality of life among patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized study. METHODS: Single-site recruitment of 458 patients using Veterans Health Administration care into a randomized controlled trial with a 1-year preintervention data collection period and a 1-year intervention and follow-up period. To compensate for imbalanced study groups, propensity scores were included in adjusted models of quality of life, satisfaction with care, inpatient utilization, survival, and costs of care. RESULTS: Patients aged 45 to 95 years participated in the study; 22% were of Hispanic race/ethnicity, and 7% were African American. All but 5 were male, consistent with the older population among veterans. At baseline, 40% were in Goldman Specific Activity Scale class I, 42% were in class III, 6% were in class II or IV, and 12% were unclassified. Patients scored a mean (SD) of 14 (1.5) points below the norm on the physical component score. After the yearlong intervention, no differences in clinical outcomes were noted between the intervention group and the control group. The CHF-related costs were higher for the intervention group, as were overall costs that included the cost of the intervention. Intervention group patients reported better compliance with weight monitoring and exercise recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: A risk-stratified intervention for patients with CHF resulted in potential behavioral improvements but no survival benefit. A high-cost high-intensity intervention may be required to improve survival for patients with CHF. Inclusion of the costs of interventions is recommended for future researchers.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/377/CN-00743377/frame.html										
L. Copland, B. Liedman, E. Rothenberg, L. Ellegard, B. E. Hustvedt and I. Bosaeus	2008	Validity of the ActiReg system and a physical activity interview in assessing total energy expenditure in long-term survivors after total gastrectomy		Clinical Nutrition			27		6	842-8					Dec	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Validation Studies		Validity of the ActiReg system and a physical activity interview in assessing total energy expenditure in long-term survivors after total gastrectomy	Clin Nutr	1532-1983												18771822				BACKGROUND & AIMS: Malnutrition is common after total gastrectomy. There is a need for clinically useful methods to assess energy requirements. We aimed to validate measurements of energy expenditure by an activity monitor (ActiReg) and a physical activity interview (HPAQ(modified)), in long-term survivors after gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma, using doubly labelled water as reference method.
METHODS: Total energy expenditure (TEE) was estimated by DLW (14 days), ActiReg (3 days) and HPAQ(modified) (7 days) in 15 patients. Measurements were repeated after 12 months. Basal metabolic rate was measured with indirect calorimetry.
RESULTS: ActiReg and HPAQ(modified) both underestimated TEE by 180 (+/-254 SD) and 130 (+/-326 SD)kcalday(-1), i.e. 14% vs. 12%, respectively. However, this was evident only at higher levels of physical activity (PAL(DLW)> or =1.65), whereas at lower levels (PAL<1.65) no difference was found. There were no changes in TEE over time independent of the method used. DLW and ActiReg had approximately the same width of the 95% confidence interval of this estimate, while it was 2.4 times larger by HPAQ(modified).
CONCLUSION: Both simple methods underestimated total energy expenditure at higher, but not at lower physical activity levels. The ActiReg method appears useful to estimate changes in TEE over time.	Copland, Lotta
Liedman, Bengt
Rothenberg, Elisabet
Ellegard, Lars
Hustvedt, Bo-Egil
Bosaeus, Ingvar		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18771822http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:18771822&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.clnu.2008.07.011&issn=0261-5614&volume=27&issue=6&spage=842&pages=842-8&date=2008&title=Clinical+Nutrition&atitle=Validity+of+the+ActiReg+system+and+a+physical+activity+interview+in+assessing+total+energy+expenditure+in+long-term+survivors+after+total+gastrectomy.&aulast=Copland&pid=%3Cauthor%3ECopland+L%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E18771822%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. lotta.copland@vgregion.se						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

L. Copland, B. Liedman, E. Rothenberg, L. Ellegård, B. E. Hustvedt and I. Bosaeus	2008	Validity of the ActiReg((R)) system and a physical activity interview in assessing total energy expenditure in long-term survivors after total gastrectomy		Clinical Nutrition			27		6	842-848								Validity of the ActiReg((R)) system and a physical activity interview in assessing total energy expenditure in long-term survivors after total gastrectomy		0261-5614												2010141634. Language: English. Entry Date: 20090313. Revision Date: 20091218. Publication Type: journal article				BACKGROUND & AIMS: Malnutrition is common after total gastrectomy. There is a need for clinically useful methods to assess energy requirements. We aimed to validate measurements of energy expenditure by an activity monitor (ActiReg((R))) and a physical activity interview (HPAQ(modified)), in long-term survivors after gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma, using doubly labelled water as reference method. METHODS: Total energy expenditure (TEE) was estimated by DLW (14 days), ActiReg((R)) (3 days) and HPAQ(modified) (7 days) in 15 patients. Measurements were repeated after 12 months. Basal metabolic rate was measured with indirect calorimetry. RESULTS: ActiReg((R)) and HPAQ(modified) both underestimated TEE by 180 (+/-254 SD) and 130 (+/-326 SD)kcalday(-1), i.e. 14% vs. 12%, respectively. However, this was evident only at higher levels of physical activity (PAL(DLW)>/=1.65), whereas at lower levels (PAL<1.65) no difference was found. There were no changes in TEE over time independent of the method used. DLW and ActiReg((R)) had approximately the same width of the 95% confidence interval of this estimate, while it was 2.4 times larger by HPAQ(modified). CONCLUSION: Both simple methods underestimated total energy expenditure at higher, but not at lower physical activity levels. The ActiReg((R)) method appears useful to estimate changes in TEE over time.	research. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Continental Europe; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Europe; Online/Print; Peer Reviewed. Special Interest: Nutrition. No. of Refs: 24 ref. NLM UID: 8309603.
PMID: 18771822		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2010141634&site=ehost-live		Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden						rzh	EBSCOhost	
D. Coppins, B. Margetts, J. Fa, M. Brown, F. Garrett and S. Huelin	2011	Effectiveness of a multi-disciplinary family-based programme for treating childhood obesity (the Family Project)		European journal of clinical nutrition			65		8	903-9						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effectiveness of a multi-disciplinary family-based programme for treating childhood obesity (the Family Project)								Pubmed 21487425						CN-00812074				BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To determine if a multi-component family focused education package is more effective than a waiting list control group in treating overweight and obese children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A 2-year randomised controlled trial; 65 overweight and obese children aged 6-14 years were allocated to active intervention in either the first or second year, with body composition monitoring alone in the control period. Anthropometric measurements were undertaken at six monthly intervals and a 7-day food and activity diary were issued. RESULTS: Over the 2 years of the study body mass index (BMI) SDS (z score) fell significantly in the intervention/control (I/C) group, but not in the control/intervention (C/I) group. The difference between groups was 0.3, which was borderline significant (95% confidence interval (95% CI) -0.62 to 0.02, P=0.06) before adjusting for potential confounding factors. Thirty-three percent of the I/C group and 12% of the C/I group achieved the target reduction of 0.5 BMI SDS. The I/C group had a significantly greater reduction in the percentage with a BMI above the 99.6th centile at 24 months (P=0.04) and gained 5.7 kg less over the time of the study. There were no significant differences between groups for mean percentage attendance at physical activity sessions (I/C group=24.1%, 95% CI, 15.4-32.9; C/I group=31.7%, 95% CI, 22.4-41.1, P=0.229). CONCLUSIONS: Children given active intervention followed by body composition monitoring alone reduced their BMI SDS, and fewer children were classified as grossly overweight by the end of the study. If these findings are true, there are important implications for the provision of services managing overweight in the community.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/074/CN-00812074/frame.html										
V. V. Coronado, G. L. Lopez, R. E. Martin, I. J. Real, O. M. Sanchez and G. C. Silveira	2011	Assessment of health outcomes in the type 2 diabetes process. [Spanish]		Atencion primaria / Sociedad Espanola de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria			43		3	127-33						Journal: Article		Assessment of health outcomes in the type 2 diabetes process. [Spanish]														CN-00888904				Objective: To analyse association between the development of type 2 diabetes and the health-related quality of life (HRQL). Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Setting: Primary care centre in Ayamonte (Huelva). Participants: Selection by simple random sampling between the patients registered with type 2 diabetes: n=143. The type 2 diabetes process is a tool that uses indicators of good clinical practice for the follow-up of the patients. Collection of data from records and personal interview for the questionnaire HRQL SF-36. Results: A total of 101 patients were analysed, of which 51.5% were women. the average age was 66.8 years (SD 11.3). Performing physical activity 52.5%. Time of evolution of diabetes: 9.6 years (SD 7.7). Quality Index of the process: 64.5%. Worst score in physical component HRQL, mean of 41.9 (SD 9.6). Men had a better score, and it improves if there is regular physical exercise (mean difference 19.5% IC95%CI: 10.2-28.8). Age was inversely associated with physical function (r -0.354 P<0,005); and the time of evolution of diabetes with physical component (r -0.278 P<0.005). Retinopathy (t=2.03 P<0.04) and heart disease (t=2.6 P<0.008) were associated with lowest score in physical component. The association of HRQL with metabolic control, self control of glucose and diabetes education was not significant. Physical activity and comorbid diseases predict HRQL. Conclusions: The HRQL is poor in type 2 diabetics despite having good indicators in the process. The HRQL should be included as standard in the type 2 diabetes process. 2009 Elsevier Espana, S.L. All rights reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/904/CN-00888904/frame.html										
M. Corr, M. Souza, R. Toombs and N. Williams	2011	Circulating leptin concentrations do not distinguish menstrual status in exercising women		Human reproduction (Oxford, England)			26		3	685-94						Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Circulating leptin concentrations do not distinguish menstrual status in exercising women								Pubmed 21227945						CN-00785282				BACKGROUND: Low concentrations of leptin secondary to low body fat or other modulators are thought to be a key signal whereby an energy deficit suppresses the reproductive axis in exercising women resulting in functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA). The purpose of this study was to first examine leptin concentrations in exercising women with and without FHA to address whether there is a threshold concentration of leptin below which reproductive function is suppressed. Secondly, we examined the role of adiposity and other possible modulators of leptin to ascertain whether leptin regulation differs depending on reproductive status. METHODS: This study assessed 50 exercising, premenopausal women (aged 18-30 years) over the course of one menstrual cycle (eumenorrheic women) or one 28-day monitoring period (amenorrheic women). Quantification of daily urinary ovarian steroids and menstrual history were used to determine menstrual status. Body composition was assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and leptin was determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Key modulators of leptin such as serum insulin concentration, carbohydrate intake, glucose availability, indirect indices of sympathetic nervous activity and other factors were assessed using linear regression. RESULTS: Percentage body fat (%BF) (21.0 ± 1.0 versus 26.8 ± 0.7%; P < 0.001) and leptin concentration (4.8 ± 0.8 versus 9.6 ± 0.9 ng/ml; P < 0.001) were lower in the exercising women with amenorrhea (ExAmen; n = 24) compared with the exercising ovulatory women (ExOvul; n = 26). However, the ranges in leptin were similar for each group (ExAmen: 0.30-16.98 ng/ml; ExOvul: 2.57-18.28 ng/ml), and after adjusting for adiposity the difference in leptin concentration was no longer significant. Significant predictors of log leptin in ExAmen included %BF (? = 0.826, P < 0.001), log insulin (? = 0.308, P = 0.012) and log glycerol (? = 0.258, P = 0.030), but in ExOvul only %BF predicted leptin. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that leptin concentrations per se are not associated with FHA in exercising women, but the modulation of leptin concentrations may differ depending on reproductive status.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/282/CN-00785282/frame.html										
J. Cottingham, S. Porges and K. Richmond	1988	Shifts in pelvic inclination angle and parasympathetic tone produced by Rolfing soft tissue manipulation		Physical therapy			68		9	1364-70						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Shifts in pelvic inclination angle and parasympathetic tone produced by Rolfing soft tissue manipulation								Pubmed 3420170						CN-00055736				The effects of soft tissue manipulation (Rolfing method) were evaluated on young healthy men using two dependent variables: 1) angle of pelvic inclination and 2) parasympathetic activity. Pelvic inclination was assessed by determining the angle of standing pelvic tilt (SPT) with an inclinometer. Autonomic tone was assessed by a measure of cardiac vagal tone (amplitude of respiratory sinus arrhythmia) derived from monitoring heart rate. Thirty-two subjects, preselected for exhibiting an anteriorly tilted pelvis, were randomly assigned to either an Experimental Group (n = 16) that received a 45-minute Rolfing pelvic mobilization session or a Control Group (n = 16) that received a 45-minute control session without manipulation. Dependent variables were assessed before the 45-minute session, immediately after the session, and 24 hours later. Comparing pretest to posttest assessments, the Experimental Group demonstrated a significant decrease in SPT angle and a significant increase in vagal tone. The Control Group did not show significant pretest or posttest differences. The results provide theoretical support for the reported clinical uses of soft tissue pelvic manipulation for 1) certain types of low back dysfunction and 2) musculoskeletal disorders associated with autonomic stress.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/736/CN-00055736/frame.html										
E. H. Coulter, P. M. Dall, L. Rochester, J. P. Hasler and M. H. Granat	2011	Development and validation of a physical activity monitor for use on a wheelchair		Spinal Cord			49		3	445-50					Mar	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Validation Studies		Development and validation of a physical activity monitor for use on a wheelchair	Spinal Cord	1476-5624												20856261				STUDY DESIGN: Keeping physically active is important for people who mobilize using a wheelchair. However, current tools to measure physical activity in the wheelchair are either not validated or limited in their application. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a monitoring system to measure wheelchair movement.
METHODS: The system developed consisted of a tri-axial accelerometer placed on the wheel of a wheelchair and an analysis algorithm to interpret the acceleration signals. The two accelerometer outputs in the plane of the wheel were used to calculate the angle of the wheel. From this, outcome measures of wheel revolutions, absolute angle and duration of movement were derived and the direction of movement (forwards or backwards) could be distinguished. Concurrent validity was assessed in comparison with video analysis in 14 people with spinal cord injury using their wheelchair on an indoor track and outdoor wheelchair skills course. Validity was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC(2,1)) and Bland-Altman plots.
RESULTS: The monitoring system demonstrated excellent validity for wheel revolutions, absolute angle and duration of movement (ICC(2,1)>0.999, 0.999, 0.981, respectively) in both manual and powered wheelchairs, when the wheelchair was propelled forwards and backwards, and for movements of various durations.
CONCLUSION: This study has found this monitoring system to be an accurate and objective tool for measuring detailed information on wheelchair movement and maneuvering regardless of the propulsion technique, direction and speed.	Coulter, E H
Dall, P M
Rochester, L
Hasler, J P
Granat, M H
G0900686 (United Kingdom Medical Research Council)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medc&AN=20856261http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+Corrections&genre=article&id=pmid:20856261&id=doi:10.1038%2Fsc.2010.126&issn=1362-4393&volume=49&issue=3&spage=445&pages=445-50&date=2011&title=Spinal+Cord&atitle=Development+and+validation+of+a+physical+activity+monitor+for+use+on+a+wheelchair.&aulast=Coulter&pid=%3Cauthor%3ECoulter+EH%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E20856261%3C%2FAN%3E		School of Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK. Elaine.Coulter@gcal.ac.uk						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

A. Coutts, P. Reaburn, T. Piva and G. Rowsell	2007	Monitoring for overreaching in rugby league players		European journal of applied physiology			99		3	313-24						Randomized Controlled Trial		Monitoring for overreaching in rugby league players								Pubmed 17219174						CN-00577686				The aim of this study was to identify indicators of non-functional overreaching (NFOR) in team sport athletes undertaking intensive training loads. Eighteen semi-professional rugby league players were randomly assigned into two pair matched groups. One group completed 6 weeks of normal training (NT) whilst the other group was deliberately overreached through intensified training (IT). Both groups then completed the same 7-day stepwise training load reduction taper. Multistage fitness test (MSFT) performance, VO2 (max), peak aerobic running velocity (V (max)), maximal heart rate, vertical jump, 10-s cycle sprint performance and body mass were measured pre- and post-training period and following the taper. Hormonal, haematological and immunological parameters were also measured pre-training and following weeks 2, 4 and 6 of training and post-taper. MANOVA for repeated measures with contrast analysis indicated that MSFT performance and VO2 (max) were significantly reduced in the IT group over time and condition, indicating that a state of overreaching was attained. However, the only biochemical measure that was significantly different between the IT and NT group was the glutamine to glutamate (Gln/Glu) ratio even though testosterone, testosterone to cortisol (T/C) ratio, plasma glutamate, and CK activity were significantly changed after training in both groups. Positive endurance and power performance changes were observed post-taper in the IT group confirming NFOR. These changes were associated with increases in the T/C ratio and the Gln/Glu ratio and decreases in plasma glutamate and CK activity. These results indicate that although there was no single reliable biochemical marker of NFOR in these athletes, the Gln/Glu ratio and MSFT test may be useful measures for monitoring responses to IT in team sport athletes.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/686/CN-00577686/frame.html										
A. Cowie, M. Thow, M. Granat and S. Mitchell	2011	A comparison of home and hospital-based exercise training in heart failure: immediate and long-term effects upon physical activity level		European journal of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation			18		2	158-66						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		A comparison of home and hospital-based exercise training in heart failure: immediate and long-term effects upon physical activity level								Pubmed 21450662						CN-00788604				BACKGROUND: In heart failure, reduced physical activity level can adversely affect physical and psychosocial functioning. No previous heart failure research has compared effects of home and hospital-based exercise training upon physical activity level, or has objectively assessed their long-term effects upon physical activity. This study used an activPAL? monitor to examine immediate and long-term effects of home and hospital-based aerobic exercise training upon physical activity level. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Sixty patients with heart failure (mean age 66 years; NYHA class II/III; 51 male/9 female) were randomized to home training, hospital training or control. Both programmes consisted of aerobic circuit training, undertaken twice a week for one hour, for eight weeks. All participants wore the activPAL? at baseline, and after eight weeks, for one week. Six months after cessation of training, a subgroup of participants from the home and hospital training groups (n?=?10 from each group) wore the activPAL? for a further week. RESULTS: Hospital-based training significantly increased steps taken per day during 'extra long' (P?=?0.04) and 'long' (P?=?0.01) walks. Neither programme had any immediate effect upon physical activity level otherwise. Though daily upright duration for the home group significantly improved six months after cessation of training (P?=?0.02), generally physical activity level was maintained in the long term for both training groups. CONCLUSIONS: Hospital-based training enabled participants to walk for longer periods. It is clinically important that both training groups maintained physical activity level in the long term, given the potential for heart failure to worsen over this time period.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/604/CN-00788604/frame.html										
A. Coza, B. Nigg and J. Dunn	2011	Effects of vibrations on gastrocnemius medialis tissue oxygenation		Medicine and science in sports and exercise			43		3	509-15						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of vibrations on gastrocnemius medialis tissue oxygenation								Pubmed 20689452						CN-00787813				PURPOSE: Whole-body vibrations are known to affect muscle activity and tissue oxygenation, but some energetic aspects are still poorly understood. This study investigates the effects of whole-body vibration on gastrocnemius muscle oxygen utilization rate and tissue oxygenation dynamics during exercise. METHODS: The effects of vibration on gastrocnemius medialis muscle oxygenation were investigated during a dynamic exercise on a sample of 16 active male subjects (age = 26.3 ± 5.1 yr, mass = 71.2 ± 4.8 kg (mean ± SD)). Both arterially occluded (AO) and nonoccluded (N/O) conditions were investigated. Tissue oxygenation was monitored with a near-infrared spectrometer. Oxygen utilization rate and tissue oxygenation recovery were computed as the slopes of the regression line of the oxygenation decay and recovery, respectively. A fast Fourier transform (FFT) was used to determine the frequency spectrum of the oxygen saturation data. EMG activity was monitored using bipolar EMG electrodes. A windowed root mean square analysis was used to monitor the amplitude of the EMG signal. RESULTS: A statistically significant increase of 15% (P < 0.05) in oxygen utilization rate was found for the vibration condition in the AO leg but not in the N/O leg. The oxygenation recovery rate for the vibration condition was 34% higher (P < 0.05) than that for the control condition. A low-frequency periodic oscillation (T ? 10 s) in the tissue oxygenation data was determined from the FFT spectrum. A statistically significant decrease in the oscillation frequency was noticed for the vibration condition compared with the control. CONCLUSIONS: Vibrations increased the oxygen utilization rate during a dynamic exercise. The oxygenation recovery rate increased with vibrations. The low-frequency oscillation of the oxygenation was attributed to the periodic changes in tissue blood flow, and this seems to be influenced by vibrations.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/813/CN-00787813/frame.html										
A. Cradock, S. Melly, J. Allen, J. Morris and S. Gortmaker	2009	Youth destinations associated with objective measures of physical activity in adolescents		Journal of adolescent health			45		3 Suppl	S91-8						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Youth destinations associated with objective measures of physical activity in adolescents								Pubmed 19699443						CN-00733735				PURPOSE: Limited availability of desirable destinations within walkable distances and unsuitable weather may adversely affect physical activity among adolescents on weekends. This study examines evidence for associations between objective measures of local environment and physical activity levels of adolescents. METHODS: Students (n=152, 59% male; mean age, 13.7 years) from 10 neighborhoods with schools in four communities wore TriTrac-R3D accelerometers recording physical movements on weekends. Minute-by-minute data were summed over 15-minute intervals providing estimates of proportion of time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and (log) mean physical activity levels on weekends (n=7,506 intervals). Objective measures of neighborhood characteristics were calculated using geographic information systems including average daily traffic, housing density, open space, and density of employees per square kilometer in youth destinations. Linear mixed models were fit examining associations between neighborhood environmental variables and accelerometer measures of physical activity, controlling for time, day, age, body mass index, gender of respondent, race/ethnicity, precipitation, and temperature deviation. RESULTS: On weekends, the presence of greater densities of employees in neighborhood destinations serving youth (beta=3.96, p=0.050) was directly associated with MVPA, independent of student characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Young people attending schools in neighborhoods characterized by greater densities of employees in destinations for youth are more physically active on weekends. Compared with neighborhoods with lower densities, attending a school in neighborhoods with higher densities of employees in potential destinations for youth may contribute to participation in an additional 30 minutes of MVPA per day on weekends.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/735/CN-00733735/frame.html										
L. L. Craft, T. W. Zderic, S. M. Gapstur, E. H. Vaniterson, D. M. Thomas, J. Siddique and M. T. Hamilton	2012	Evidence that women meeting physical activity guidelines do not sit less: an observational inclinometry study		International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition & Physical Activity			9			122						Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Evidence that women meeting physical activity guidelines do not sit less: an observational inclinometry study	Int	1479-5868					PMC3490758							23034100				BACKGROUND: The inactivity physiology paradigm proposes that sedentary behaviors, including sitting too much, are independent of the type of physical activity delineated for health in the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. Thus, we hypothesized that, when accounting for behaviors across the entire day, variability in the amount of time spent sitting would be independent of the inter-and intra-individual time engaged in sustained moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA).
METHODS: Ninety-one healthy women, aged 40-75 years, completed a demographic questionnaire and assessment of height and weight. Participants wore the activPAL activity monitor for one week and time (minutes/day) spent sitting, standing, stepping, and in sustained bouts (bouts >10 minutes) of MVPA were quantified. The women were then stratified into groups based on weekly sustained MVPA. Additionally, each day of data collection for each participant was classified as either a "sufficient" MVPA day (> 30 min of MVPA) or an "insufficient" MVPA day for within-participant analyses.
RESULTS: Time spent sitting, standing, and in incidental non-exercise stepping averaged 64, 28, and 11 hrs/week, respectively, and did not differ between groups with individuals meeting/exceeding the current exercise recommendation of 150 min/week of sustained MVPA in >10 minutes bouts (M = 294 min/week, SD = 22) compared to those with none or minimal levels (M= 20 min/week, SD = 4). Time spent sitting (M = 9.1 hr/day, SD = 0.19 vs. M = 8.8 hr/day, SD = 0.22), standing (M = 3.9 hr/day, SD = 0.16 vs. M = 3.9 hr/day, SD = 0.15), and in intermittent stepping (M = 1.6 hr/day, SD = 0.07 vs. M = 1.6 hr/day, SD = 0.06) did not differ between days with (~55 min/day) and without recommended MVPA.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first objective evidence that participation in sustained MVPA is unrelated to daily sitting duration in relatively healthy, middle and older-aged women. More research is needed to extend these findings to other populations and to inform distinct behavioral recommendations focused on sedentary time.	Craft, Lynette L
Zderic, Theodore W
Gapstur, Susan M
Vaniterson, Erik H
Thomas, Danielle M
Siddique, Juned
Hamilton, Marc T
K07 CA154862 (United States NCI NIH HHS)
K07 CA154862-01 (United States NCI NIH HHS)
K07CA134936-01A1 (United States NCI NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23034100http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23034100&id=doi:10.1186%2F1479-5868-9-122&issn=1479-5868&volume=9&issue=&spage=122&pages=122&date=2012&title=International+Journal+of+Behavioral+Nutrition+%26+Physical+Activity&atitle=Evidence+that+women+meeting+physical+activity+guidelines+do+not+sit+less%3A+an+observational+inclinometry+study.&aulast=Craft&pid=%3Cauthor%3ECraft+LL%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23034100%3C%2FAN%3E		Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. lynette-craft@northwestern.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

L. L. Craft, T. W. Zderic, S. M. Gapstur, E. H. VanIterson, D. M. Thomas, J. Siddique and M. T. Hamilton	2012	Evidence that women meeting physical activity guidelines do not sit less: An observational inclinometry study		The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity Vol 9 Oct 2012, ArtID 122			9								Oct	Empirical Study; Quantitative Study		Evidence that women meeting physical activity guidelines do not sit less: An observational inclinometry study		1479-5868												2013-04263-001				Background: The inactivity physiology paradigm proposes that sedentary behaviors, including sitting too much, are independent of the type of physical activity delineated for health in the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. Thus, we hypothesized that, when accounting for behaviors across the entire day, variability in the amount of time spent sitting would be independent of the inter-and intra-individual time engaged in sustained moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Methods: Ninety-one healthy women, aged 40-75 years, completed a demographic questionnaire and assessment of height and weight. Participants wore the activPAL activity monitor for one week and time (minutes/day) spent sitting, standing, stepping, and in sustained bouts (bouts >10 minutes) of MVPA were quantified. The women were then stratified into groups based on weekly sustained MVPA. Additionally, each day of data collection for each participant was classified as either a "sufficient" MVPA day (> 30 min of MVPA) or an "insufficient" MVPA day for within-participant analyses. Results: Time spent sitting, standing, and in incidental non-exercise stepping averaged 64, 28, and 11 hrs/week, respectively, and did not differ between groups with individuals meeting/exceeding the current exercise recommendation of 150 min/week of sustained MVPA in >10 minutes bouts (M = 294 min/week, SD = 22) compared to those with none or minimal levels (M= 20min/week, SD = 4). Time spent sitting (M = 9.1 hr/day, SD = 0.19 vs. M = 8.8 hr/day, SD = 0.22), standing (M = 3.9 hr/day, SD = 0.16 vs. M = 3.9 hr/day, SD = 0.15), and in intermittent stepping (M = 1.6 hr/day, SD = 0.07 vs. M = 1.6 hr/day, SD = 0.06) did not differ between days with (~55 min/day) and without recommended MVPA. Conclusions: This study provides the first objective evidence that participation in sustained MVPA is unrelated to daily sitting duration in relatively healthy, middle and older-aged women. More research is needed to extend these findings to other populations and to inform distinct behavioral recommendations focused on sedentary time. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).			http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=psyc7&AN=2013-04263-001http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:PsycINFO+<2011+to+March+Week+4+2013>&genre=article&id=pmid:&id=doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-122&issn=1479-5868&volume=9&issue=&spage=&pages=&date=2012&title=The+International+Journal+of+Behavioral+Nutrition+and+Physical+Activity&atitle=Evidence+that+women+meeting+physical+activity+guidelines+do+not+sit+less:+An+observational+inclinometry+study.&aulast=Craft&pid=<author>Craft,+Lynette+L</author>&<AN>2013-04263-001</AN>		Craft, Lynette L.: lynette-craft@northwestern.edu
Craft, Lynette L.: Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 680 N Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, US, 60611, lynette-craft@northwestern.edu
Craft, Lynette L.: Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, US Zderic, Theodore W.: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, US Gapstur, Susan M.: American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, US VanIterson, Erik H.: Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, US Thomas, Danielle M.: Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, US Siddique, Juned: Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, US Hamilton, Marc T.: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, US								English

C. L. Craig, S. E. Cragg, C. Tudor-Locke and A. Bauman	2006	Proximal impact of Canada on the Move: the relationship of campaign awareness to pedometer ownership and use		Canadian Journal of Public Health. Revue Canadienne de Sante Publique			97 Suppl 1			S21-7, S22-9					Mar-Apr			Proximal impact of Canada on the Move: the relationship of campaign awareness to pedometer ownership and use	Can J Public Health	0008-4263												16676835				OBJECTIVE: Despite increased participation in leisure-time physical activity, inactivity remains an important public health problem. This study examines the immediate impact of the Canada on the Move initiative to promote walking through pedometer use among adult Canadians.
METHODS: Data from a rolling monthly sample were collected via the Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute's Physical Activity Monitor between November 2003 and September 2004. Prevalence rates were compared using Bonferroni-adjusted confidence intervals. Correlates of campaign recall and pedometer ownership were estimated using odds ratios adjusted for age, sex, income and education.
RESULTS: Message recall and awareness as well as ownership and use of pedometers increased over the campaign and coincided with promotional activity. There was some evidence of a dose response between the number of messages recalled and pedometer use.
DISCUSSION: The increased awareness and usage of pedometers among adult Canadians is encouraging; it indicates that these proximal targets are realistic and achievable for health promotion campaigns and contribute to opportunities for increasing physical activity behaviours.	Craig, Cora L
Cragg, Sue E
Tudor-Locke, Catrine
Bauman, Adrian		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16676835http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:16676835&id=doi:&issn=0008-4263&volume=97&issue=1&spage=S21&pages=S21-7%2C+S22-9&date=2006&title=Canadian+Journal+of+Public+Health.+Revue+Canadienne+de+Sante+Publique&atitle=Proximal+impact+of+Canada+on+the+Move%3A+the+relationship+of+campaign+awareness+to+pedometer+ownership+and+use.&aulast=Craig&pid=%3Cauthor%3ECraig+CL%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E16676835%3C%2FAN%3E		Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute, Ottawa, ON. ccraig@cflri.ca						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English
French

C. L. Craig, S. J. Russell and C. Cameron	2002	Reliability and validity of Canada's Physical Activity Monitor for assessing trends		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			34		9	1462-7					Sep	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Validation Studies		Reliability and validity of Canada's Physical Activity Monitor for assessing trends	Med Sci Sports Exerc	0195-9131												12218739				PURPOSE: This investigation assessed the reliability and criterion validity of the Physical Activity Monitor, a telephone-interview adaptation of the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (MLTPAQ), which is currently used to assess trends in the Canadian population.
METHODS: A sample of 512 people aged 18 yr and older was selected by random-digit dialing for telephone interviewing in the reliability study. The Monitor questions were administered twice, 3 wk apart. For the criterion validity study, a sample of 148 people aged 18-69 yr was selected at random from households. Participants completed the Monitor questions by telephone and an in-home step test to estimate maximum oxygen uptake. Another random sample of individuals aged 18-69 yr participated in a comparison study of the Monitor against the 1988 Campbell's Survey of Well-Being (CSWB) instrument. All studies were conducted in the vicinity of Toronto, Ontario. Spearman correlations controlling for age and sex were calculated as a measure of association for the reliability, validity, and comparison studies. Validity estimates were further adjusted for body mass index and physical activity demands of work and chores.
RESULTS: The Monitor instrument produced reliable estimates of total energy expenditure (P=0.90, P<0.0001) with criterion validity of 0.36 (P<0.0001). The association between estimates of total energy expenditure derived from the Monitor and CSWB instruments was 0.77 (P<0.0001).
CONCLUSION: The Physical Activity Monitor has acceptable test-retest reliability and criterion validity. The research also demonstrated that for the purpose of population monitoring a change in data collection mode-telephone interview versus self-administration in households-can yield reasonably comparable estimates from two adaptations of the MLTPAQ.	Craig, Cora Lynn
Russell, Storm J
Cameron, Christine		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12218739http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:12218739&id=doi:&issn=0195-9131&volume=34&issue=9&spage=1462&pages=1462-7&date=2002&title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&atitle=Reliability+and+validity+of+Canada%27s+Physical+Activity+Monitor+for+assessing+trends.&aulast=Craig&pid=%3Cauthor%3ECraig+CL%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E12218739%3C%2FAN%3E		Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute, 185 Somerset Street West, Suite 201, Ottawa, Ontario, K2P 0J2, Canada. ccraig@cflri.ca						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

A. Crawford-Faucher	2011	Women at risk of breast cancer-associated Lymphedema can safely lift weights		American family physician			84		10	1169						Journal: Article		Women at risk of breast cancer-associated Lymphedema can safely lift weights														CN-00893410				Background: Many of the 2.4 million breast cancer survivors in the United States are at risk of breast cancer-associated lymphedema as a result of axillary surgery. One-third of patients require axillary node dissection, which is associated with a 13 to 47 percent risk of lymphedema; even lymphatic-sparing surgery, such as sentinel node biopsy, causes lymphedema in 5 to 7 percent of patients. Arm lymphedema causes swelling and discomfort, impairs arm function, and decreases quality of life. Women at risk often restrict activities with the affected arm and are sometimes instructed not to lift children or other heavy objects. Paradoxically, such protective actions may discourage healthy exercise, leading to deconditioning and increased risk of injury and possibly lymphedema onset. To test the safety of weight-bearing exercise in breast cancer survivors, Schmitz and colleagues conducted the Physical Activity and Lymphedema trial.The Study: This randomized controlled trial followed a smaller pilot study that did not find any evidence that regular weight lifting precipitated lymphedema. The authors randomized women to two groups: one year of supervised progressive weight lifting versus no intervention. The primary outcomes were the effect of weight lifting on established lymphedema (published previously) and the incidence of lymphedema in the weight-lifting group. Women were included if they had a one- to five-year history of unilateral, nonmetastatic breast cancer with no history or current evidence of lymphedema; a body mass index of 50 kg per m<sup>2</sup> or less; no other medical conditions that would preclude weight-lifting exercise; and no intentional weight loss or participation in a weight-lifting program in the previous year. Participants were placed in two groups of equal size through a computerized program to balance potential confounders at baseline, including age (younger than 54 years versus 54 years and older), number of lymph nodes removed (less than six versus six or more), obesity (body mass index less than 30 versus 30 or more), and history of radiation treatment (yes versus no). Women in the intervention group received a one-year membership to a fitness center near their home. They participated in twice-weekly supervised upper- and lower-body weight lifting for 13 weeks, and then continued with unsupervised progressive weight training twice weekly for the remainder of the year. Those in the control group were asked not to change their baseline activity levels and were offered a one-year gym membership after the study period.Lymphedema was defined as at least a 5 percent increase in arm swelling and at least a 5 percent interlimb water volume difference. Arm swelling was assessed by water volume displacement at baseline and at 12 months. Fitness trainers or study measurement staff also measured arm volumes monthly. In addition, participants were formally evaluated for lymphedema if they experienced symptoms lasting at least one week.Results: The study was adequately powered to detect more than a doubling of the background 6 percent rate of incident lymphedema. At 12 months, there was no significant difference between groups in the number of women developing a 5 percent or greater increase in arm volume (17 percent [13 of 75 women] in the control group versus 11 percent [eight of 72 women] in the weight-lifting group). No differences in the number and severity of symptoms were noted. A subgroup analysis of women with five or more lymph nodes removed was also performed. Among these women, the proportion who experienced a 5 percent or more increase in arm volume was significantly lower in the weight-lifting group (7 percent [three of 45] in the weight-lifting group versus 22 percent [11 of 49] in the control group).Conclusion: Slowly progressive weight lifting does not contribute to lymphedema in breast cancer survivors, and may be beneficial in women who have had five or more lymph nodes removed. 2011 by the American Academy of Family Physicians.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/410/CN-00893410/frame.html										
L. Creaney, A. Wallace, M. Curtis and D. Connell	2011	Growth factor-based therapies provide additional benefit beyond physical therapy in resistant elbow tendinopathy: a prospective, single-blind, randomised trial of autologous blood injections versus platelet-rich plasma injections		British journal of sports medicine			45		12	966-71						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Growth factor-based therapies provide additional benefit beyond physical therapy in resistant elbow tendinopathy: a prospective, single-blind, randomised trial of autologous blood injections versus platelet-rich plasma injections								Pubmed 21406450						CN-00812354				BACKGROUND: Growth factor technologies are increasingly used to enhance healing in musculoskeletal injuries, particularly in sports medicine. Two such products; platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and autologous blood, have a growing body of supporting evidence. No previous trial has directly compared the efficacy of these two methods. HYPOTHESIS: Growth factor administration improves tissue regeneration in patients who have failed to respond to conservative therapy. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, double-blind, randomised trial. METHODS: Elbow tendinopathy patients who had failed conservative physical therapy were divided into two patient groups: PRP injection (N=80) and autologous blood injection (ABI) (N=70). Each patient received two injections at 0 and 1 month. Patient-related tennis elbow evaluation (PRTEE) was recorded by a blinded investigator at 0, 1, 3 and 6 months. The main outcome measure was PRTEE, a validated composite outcome for pain, activities of daily living and physical function, utilising a 0-100 scale. RESULTS: At 6 months the authors observed a 66% success rate in the PRP group versus 72% in the ABI group, p=NS. There was a higher rate of conversion to surgery in the ABI group (20%) versus the PRP group (10%). CONCLUSION: In patients who are resistant to first-line physical therapy such as eccentric loading, ABI or PRP injections are useful second-line therapies to improve clinical outcomes. In this study, up to seven out of 10 additional patients in this difficult to treat cohort benefit from a surgery-sparing intervention.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/354/CN-00812354/frame.html										
M. E. Cress, S. Orini and L. Kinsler	2011	Living environment and mobility of older adults		Gerontology			57		3	287-94								Living environment and mobility of older adults	Gerontology	1423-0003												20980733				BACKGROUND: Older adults often elect to move into smaller living environments. Smaller living space and the addition of services provided by a retirement community (RC) may make living easier for the individual, but it may also reduce the amount of daily physical activity and ultimately reduce functional ability.
OBJECTIVE: With home size as an independent variable, the primary purpose of this study was to evaluate daily physical activity and physical function of community dwellers (CD; n = 31) as compared to residents of an RC (n = 30).
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study design, assessments included: the Continuous Scale Physical Functional Performance - 10 test, with a possible range of 0-100, higher scores reflecting better function; Step Activity Monitor (StepWatch 3.1); a physical activity questionnaire, the area of the home (in square meters). Groups were compared by one-way ANOVA. A general linear regression model was used to predict the number of steps per day at home. The level of significance was p < 0.05.
RESULTS: Of the 61 volunteers (mean age: 79 + 6.3 years; range: 65-94 years), the RC living space (68 + 37.7 m(2)) was 62% smaller than the CD living space (182.8 + 77.9 m(2); p = 0.001). After correcting for age, the RC took fewer total steps per day excluding exercise (p = 0.03) and had lower function (p = 0.005) than the CD.
CONCLUSION: On average, RC residents take 3,000 steps less per day and have approximately 60% of the living space of a CD. Home size and physical function were primary predictors of the number of steps taken at home, as found using a general linear regression analysis. Copyright 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel.	Cress, M Elaine
Orini, Stefania
Kinsler, Laura		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=20980733http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:20980733&id=doi:10.1159%2F000322195&issn=0304-324X&volume=57&issue=3&spage=287&pages=287-94&date=2011&title=Gerontology&atitle=Living+environment+and+mobility+of+older+adults.&aulast=Cress&pid=%3Cauthor%3ECress+ME%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E20980733%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga., USA. mecress @ uga.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. Cristofalo, M. Savojardo, G. Pecorella, S. Galiano, L. Coco, A. Parisi, V. Francavilla, L. Marchese, F. Palmieri and G. Francavilla	1999	The end of antioxiding treatment for polmonary illness. Our experience. [Italian]		Medicina dello Sport			52		3	165-75						Journal: Article		The end of antioxiding treatment for polmonary illness. Our experience. [Italian]														CN-00403459				We made lots of researches about free radicals. In several pathologies, statistically responsible for deadly and invalidating diseases, direct connections with the production and the presence of oxiding substances came over. The respiratory free is surely the first to be damaged by free radicals. The performance of athletes was also monitored in order to find logical explanations of sudden collapse of training. The lung is one of organs which is produced by pollutions and by lowered defences of immunity. Our work about BIEF, leaving from a sure date, we refer to oxidising activity produced not only by N-Acetilcisteina with its double actions but also by the important oxidation-reduction last carried out by vitamin C, wants to get a pharmacological prevention about inducted broncospasm. Sixty-two athletes were randomized and divided in 4 groups: the under control group D formed by 16 healthy athletes, the group A, B, C one broncospasme, caused by hard training. Cough, thoracic compulsion, dyspnea were symptomatologies; some athletes were afflicted by a decreased athletic efficiency and abdominal pain. The four groups, which went in for to the same sport, had the same average age, the same sex; they were examined in the same climatic and environmental conditions. They were put to the afford treadmill test; their maximum cardiac beats reached 80-85%. Of course inspirometric test, before of the afford, asserts that their statistical and dynamic pulmonary volume was good. After their physical afford they were put to the inspirometer tests at 1', 5', 10', 20', 25', 30', in order to examine the main branch construction parameters: FEV1, PEF, MEF50, MEF75. The FEV1 and PEF tests were estimated good as there was a lowering of 15-20% if we consider the basical. The athletes, who belonged to the third group and which were affected by one event of anamnesis BIEF at least, repeated the crise during and after their physical, afford by the thirtieth minute. The group D didn't have symptoms or alterations on inspirometer dates. The group A, suffering from BIEF, were treated by NAC 200 mg/die + vitamin C 1 g/die therapy for 4 months. The group B, afflicted by BIEF were treated by placebo effect. The group C, afflicted by BIEF were not treated. The group D, composed by healthy athletes were taken as control group. All the athletes, who belonged to the four groups, followed a homogeneous training for 4 minutes. In the end the results confirmed what we had supposed about the positive treatment of N- Acetilcisteina and vitamin C in patients suffering from BIEF. All in all the athletes who belonged to group A, had a significative syntomatological modification as well as a total remission of the illness.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/459/CN-00403459/frame.html										
S. Crouter, D. Dellavalle, M. Horton, J. Haas, E. Frongillo and D. Bassett	2011	Validity of the Actical for estimating free-living physical activity		European journal of applied physiology			111		7	1381-9						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Validation Studies		Validity of the Actical for estimating free-living physical activity								Pubmed 21153659						CN-00802197				The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) develop a refined 2-regression model for the Actical which predicts METs every 15 s, and (2) compare the refined and 2008 Crouter 2-regression models and the Klippel and Heil equations during free-living activity. To develop the refined 2-regression model, 48 participants (mean ± SD; age 35 ± 11.4 years) performed 10-min bouts of various activities ranging from sedentary to vigorous intensity. An Actical accelerometer was worn on the left hip, and a Cosmed K4b(2) was used to measure oxygen consumption. For the free-living measurements, 29 participants (age, 38 ± 11.7 years; BMI, 25.0 ± 4.6 kg m(-2)) were monitored for approximately 6 h during work (N = 23) or leisure time (N = 9) while wearing an Actical and Cosmed. Actical prediction equations were compared against the Cosmed for METs and time spent in sedentary behaviors, light physical activity (LPA), moderate PA (MPA), vigorous PA (VPA), and moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA). The refined 2-regression model developed used an exponential regression equation and a linear equation to predict METs every 15 s for walking/running and intermittent lifestyle activities, respectively. Based on the free-living measurement, the refined 2-regression model was the only method that was not significantly different from the Cosmed for estimating time spent in sedentary behaviors, LPA, and MVPA (P > 0.05). On average, compared to the Cosmed, the refined 2-regression model and the Klippel and Heil equations had similar mean errors for average METs.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/197/CN-00802197/frame.html										
J. Cuddy, J. Ham, S. Harger, D. Slivka and B. Ruby	2008	Effects of an electrolyte additive on hydration and drinking behavior during wildfire suppression		Wilderness & environmental medicine			19		3	172-80						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Effects of an electrolyte additive on hydration and drinking behavior during wildfire suppression								Pubmed 18715125						CN-00667197				OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a water + electrolyte solution versus plain water on changes in drinking behaviors, hydration status, and body temperatures during wildfire suppression. METHODS: Eight participants consumed plain water, and eight participants consumed water plus an electrolyte additive during 15 hours of wildfire suppression. Participants wore a specially outfitted backpack hydration system equipped with a digital flow meter system affixed inline to measure drinking characteristics (drinking frequency and volume). Body weight and urine-specific gravity were collected pre- and postshift. Ambient, core, and skin temperatures were measured continuously using a wireless system. Work output was monitored using accelerometry. RESULTS: There were no differences between groups for body weight, drinking frequency, temperature data, activity, or urine-specific gravity (1.019 +/- 0.007 to 1.023 +/- 0.010 vs. 1.019 +/- 0.005 to 1.024 +/- 0.009 for water and water + electrolyte groups pre- and postshift, respectively; P < .05). There was a main effect for time for body weight, demonstrating an overall decrease (78.1 +/- 13.3 and 77.3 +/- 13.3 kg pre- and postshift, respectively; P < .05) across the work shift. The water group consumed more total fluid (main effect for treatment) than the water + electrolyte group (504 +/- 472 vs. 285 +/- 279 mL.h(-1) for the water and water + electrolyte groups, respectively; P < .05). CONCLUSION: The addition of an electrolyte mixture to plain water decreased the overall fluid consumption of the water + electrolyte group by 220 mL.h(-1) (3.3 L.d(-1)). Supplementing water with electrolytes can reduce the amount of fluid necessary to consume and transport during extended activity. This can minimize carrying excessive weight, possibly reducing fatigue during extended exercise.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/197/CN-00667197/frame.html										
D. Cummings, L. Lutes, K. Littlewood, E. DiNatale, B. Hambidge and K. Schulman	2013	EMPOWER: A randomized trial using community health workers to deliver a lifestyle intervention program in African American women with Type 2 diabetes: Design, rationale, and baseline characteristics		Contemporary clinical trials			36		1	147-53						Journal: Article		EMPOWER: A randomized trial using community health workers to deliver a lifestyle intervention program in African American women with Type 2 diabetes: Design, rationale, and baseline characteristics														CN-00919861				Background: African American (AA) women with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the rural south experience less weight loss and poorer glycemic control in traditional diabetes management programs compared to Caucasians. This paper describes the design, rationale, and baseline characteristics from an innovative community health worker (CHW) delivered intervention program in this population. Methods/design: This prospective trial randomized rural AA women with uncontrolled T2DM (HbA1c. >. 7.0) to receive a behaviorally-centered, culturally-tailored lifestyle intervention during 16 contacts from a trained AA CHW or 16 approved diabetes educational mailings. Changes from baseline in glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), weight, body mass index (BMI), self-reported dietary and physical activity patterns, and psychosocial measures including diabetes distress, empowerment, depression, self-care, medication adherence, and life satisfaction will be assessed at 6- and 12-months. Baseline results: Two hundred AA women (mean age=53.09. +. 10.89. years) with T2DM from impoverished rural communities were enrolled. Baseline data demonstrated profoundly uncontrolled diabetes of long term duration (mean HbA1c=9.11. +. 1.82; mean BMI=37.68. +. 8.20; mean BP=134.51. +. 20.39/84.19. +. 11.68; 10.5. +. 0.7. years). Self-care behavior assessment revealed poor dietary and medication adherence and sedentary lifestyle. Most psychosocial measures ranged within normal limits. Conclusion: The present sample of AA women from impoverished rural communities exhibited significantly uncontrolled T2DM of long duration with associated obesity and poor lifestyle behaviors. An innovative CHW led lifestyle intervention may lead to more effective strategies for T2DM management in this population. 2013 Elsevier Inc..			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/861/CN-00919861/frame.html										
N. Cuperus, T. J. Hoogeboom, Y. Neijland, C. H. van den Ende and N. L. Keijsers	2012	Are people with rheumatoid arthritis who undertake activity pacing at risk of being too physically inactive?		Clinical Rehabilitation			26		11	1048-52					Nov	Comparative Study		Are people with rheumatoid arthritis who undertake activity pacing at risk of being too physically inactive?	Clin Rehabil	1477-0873												22327885				OBJECTIVE: To gain insight into the relationship between activity pacing and physical inactivity. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Outpatient clinic of a rheumatology department.
SUBJECTS: Men and women diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis.
MAIN MEASURES: Physical activity was assessed using self-reported measures and an accelerometer-based activity monitor. An occupational therapist and specialized nurse analysed the self-reported physical activity data and classified on the basis of consensus the pacing of activities of all patients as 'adequate' or 'not adequate'.
RESULTS: Thirty rheumatoid arthritis patients participated in this study of whom nine were categorized as adequate activity pacers. None of these nine undertook sufficient exercise whereas 6 of the 20 people who did not pace activity appropriately did. Physical activity levels assessed by self-reported measures were significantly higher than when assessed by an accelerometer-based activity monitor.
CONCLUSIONS: Activity pacing was associated with lower levels of physical activity. Since patients with rheumatoid arthritis are already at risk for inactivity, further inactivation by activity pacing might potentially be harmful.	Cuperus, Nienke
Hoogeboom, Thomas J
Neijland, Yvette
van den Ende, Cornelia Hm
Keijsers, Noel Lw		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22327885http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22327885&id=doi:10.1177%2F0269215512437417&issn=0269-2155&volume=26&issue=11&spage=1048&pages=1048-52&date=2012&title=Clinical+Rehabilitation&atitle=Are+people+with+rheumatoid+arthritis+who+undertake+activity+pacing+at+risk+of+being+too+physically+inactive%3F.&aulast=Cuperus&pid=%3Cauthor%3ECuperus+N%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22327885%3C%2FAN%3E		Sint Maartenskliniek, Department of Rheumatology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. n.cuperus@maartenskliniek.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

A. Cupisti, R. Licitra, C. Chisari, G. Stampacchia, C. D'Alessandro, F. Galetta, B. Rossi and G. Barsotti	2004	Skeletal muscle and nutritional assessment in chronic renal failure patients on a protein-restricted diet		Journal of internal medicine			255		1	115-24						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial;		Skeletal muscle and nutritional assessment in chronic renal failure patients on a protein-restricted diet								Pubmed 14687247						CN-00473200				BACKGROUND: The close relationship between protein-energy malnutrition and quality of life, morbidity and mortality, makes mandatory a careful evaluation of the nutritional status and muscle mass in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients. METHODS: Nutritional and skeletal muscle data were obtained from 28 nondiabetic patients with severe CRF (glomerular filtration rate, GFR < 15 mL min-1) on conservative treatment. Of them, 14 (8 males, 4 females) were on a conventional low-protein (0.6 g kg-1 body weight) diet (LPD) and 14 (8 males, 4 females) were on a very low-protein (0.3 g kg-1 body weight) diet supplemented with essential amino acids and ketoacids (Ketodiet); 28 healthy sex- and age-matched subjects served as controls. We evaluated biochemistry, anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance vector analysis, and three noninvasive tests investigating some skeletal muscle features: (a) myoelectrical fatigue phenomenon was studied using a surface electromyography technique that provides data on conduction velocity (CV), median frequency of power spectrum (MDF) and average rectified value (ARV) of myofibre action potential, at 15 and 35 Hz stimulation frequency; (b) muscle oxidative metabolism was studied by serum lactate following aerobic exercise; and (c) muscle strength of the legs was studied using an isokinetic exercise test at two different angular velocities (60 degrees and 180 degrees s-1). RESULTS: No difference between patients and controls was detected regarding CV, MDF and ARV, at 35 and 15 Hz testing. Serum lactate was higher in patients than in controls at 1, 5, 10 and 30 min recovery. A decreased knee extension and flexion strength was detected in CRF patients both at low (60 degrees s-1) and at high (180 degrees s-1) angular velocity; muscle strength deficit negatively correlated to serum albumin (r = -0.52, P < 0.01), but no relationship was found with protein intake or residual renal function. No difference was found between LPD and Ketodiet patients regarding the studied muscular tests as well as the anthropometry and bio-impedance data. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a proper dietary regimen, including severe restriction of protein intake can preserve lean body mass and nutritional status of advanced CRF patients. Skeletal muscle shows unchanged sarcolemma excitability but abnormal oxidative metabolism and reduced segmental strength. Regular physical activity and a close clinical and dietary monitoring should be recommended for the predialysis patient care.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/200/CN-00473200/frame.html										
P. Curtis, S. Evens, J. Resnick, C. Thompson, R. Rimer and J. Hisley	1989	Patterns of uterine contractions and prolonged uterine activity using three methods of breast stimulation for contraction stress tests		Obstetrics and gynecology			73		4	631-8						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Patterns of uterine contractions and prolonged uterine activity using three methods of breast stimulation for contraction stress tests								Pubmed 2927858						CN-00058870				The contraction patterns in 378 breast-stimulated contraction stress tests administered to 213 women are described. The subjects were assigned sequentially to one of four intervention groups: bilateral manual breast massage, unilateral pump stimulation, heating pad stimulation, and placebo. There was a marked increase in the proportion of tests with three to four contractions in 5-minute intervals after the interventions occurred. Twenty-five percent of all tests showed prolonged uterine activity, occurring most frequently in women with postdate gestations using manual massage or breast pump stimulation. The duration of prolonged contractions ranged from 1.5-8 minutes, with 19% lasting from 4.5-8 minutes. There was no difference in the incidence of fetal heart rate abnormalities between tests with and without prolonged uterine activity, and no late decelerations occurred in tests with tachysystole.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/870/CN-00058870/frame.html										
C. Czendlik, A. Sioufi, G. Preiswerk and H. Howald	1997	Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of single doses of valsartan and atenolol		European journal of clinical pharmacology			52		6	451-9						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of single doses of valsartan and atenolol								Pubmed 9342580						CN-00144479				OBJECTIVE: Valsartan (V), a specific inhibitor of the angiotensin II receptor subtype, AT1, has been developed for treatment of hypertension. Combination therapy with a beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent might be considered in cases with insufficient efficacy of V alone. Therefore, an interaction trial was performed to evaluate the effects of co-administration of V on the pharmacokinetics of atenolol (A), and vice versa, and to monitor the pharmacodynamic response of plasma angiotensin II (ANG II) concentrations and plasma renin activity (PRA), as well as of heart rate and blood pressure, under resting and exercise conditions. METHODS: Twelve healthy, normotensive, male volunteers aged 23-46 years were treated with single doses of either 160 mg V or 100 mg A alone, or with both drugs in combination (V + A) according to a three-period crossover design. Plasma concentrations of V and A were determined using HPLC with fluorimetric and UV detection, respectively, and concentration-time profiles were established over 24 h. Plasma ANG II concentrations and PRA were monitored using specific radioimmunoassays. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured at rest and during exercise on a cycle ergometer at a workload of 2.5 W/kg-1. RESULTS: For V, mean AUC and Cmax were slightly higher when A was co-administered, the ratios of log transformed values being 1.13 and 1.22 for AUC(0-inf) and Cmax, respectively. For A, mean AUC and Cmax were slightly lower when the drug was given in combination with V. The ratios of log-transformed values in this case were 0.90 and 0.92, respectively. The sharp increase in plasma ANG II concentrations and PRA, induced by administration of V, was significantly attenuated when the drug was combined with A. In the first 12 h after drug intake, heart rate and systolic blood pressure at rest were significantly decreased when V and A were co-administered compared with treatment with V alone. V given alone did not influence heart rate or systolic blood pressure during exercise, whereas A alone and V + A led to a significant reduction in those variables. Adverse experiences reported after A and V + A could be explained by the high degree of beta-adrenoceptor blockade resulting from the administration of A. CONCLUSIONS: Co-administration of single doses of V and A does not modify the pharmacokinetics of the two drugs to a clinically relevant degree. With respect to pharmacodynamics, a single dose of A attenuates the increase in plasma ANG II and PRA in response to a single dose of V, and V has no effect on the hemodynamic response to exercise. The combined treatment with single doses of 160 mg V and 100 mg A has some additive effects on resting blood pressure in healthy, normotensive subjects.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/479/CN-00144479/frame.html										
G. Dahlgren, D. Carlsson, A. Moorhead, C. Hager-Ross and S. M. McDonough	2010	Test-retest reliability of step counts with the ActivPAL device in common daily activities		Gait & Posture			32		3	386-90					Jul	Comparative Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Test-retest reliability of step counts with the ActivPAL device in common daily activities	Gait Posture	1879-2219												20655228				UNLABELLED: The ActivPAL device is a well-established physical activity monitor for assessment of physical activity.
AIM: To investigate test-retest reliability of step counts and establish minimal detectable changes (MDC) in step count to account for intra device error over time in various physical activities.
METHODS: Healthy participants (n=24, age range, 19-28 years) performed activities on two occasions, 1 week apart, in a laboratory setting; self-paced floor walking, treadmill walking at three different speeds (3.2 km/h, 4.5 km/h and 4.5 km/h with incline), treadmill jogging (8.0 km/h), stair walking and cycling on an exercise bike at three speeds (45 rpm, 60 rpm and 75 rpm). Relative reliability was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Spearman correlation. Absolute reliability was assessed using standard error of measurement (SEM) and coefficient of repeatability (CR).
RESULTS: The ActivPAL showed high to very high relative reliability for treadmill walking at all speeds and stair walking, while self-paced normal floor walking showed moderate reliability. The absolute reliability was the best for treadmill walking activities, slightly increased for self-paced walking, followed by stair walking and jogging. The use of activity monitors during cycling has been questioned and our results confirm a low absolute and relative reliability. MDC values varied according to the type of activity e.g. treadmill walking 4.5 km/h (10 steps), walking on the floor (45 steps). Data loss in this study (10-13%) was higher than previously reported.
CONCLUSIONS: The ActivPAL is reliable for treadmill walking, jogging and self-paced walking. MCD varies according to the activity and should be considered when establishing true change over time. Crown Copyright 2010. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Dahlgren, Gunilla
Carlsson, Daniel
Moorhead, Anne
Hager-Ross, Charlotte
McDonough, Suzanne M		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=20655228http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:20655228&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.gaitpost.2010.06.022&issn=0966-6362&volume=32&issue=3&spage=386&pages=386-90&date=2010&title=Gait+%26+Posture&atitle=Test-retest+reliability+of+step+counts+with+the+ActivPAL+device+in+common+daily+activities.&aulast=Dahlgren&pid=%3Cauthor%3EDahlgren+G%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E20655228%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umea University, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden. gunilla.dahlgren@previa.se						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

D. Dale, P. Schoffelen, F. Hoor and W. Saris	1989	Effects of addition of exercise to energy restriction on 24-hour energy expenditure, sleeping metabolic rate and daily physical activity		European journal of clinical nutrition			43		7	441-51						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Review		Effects of addition of exercise to energy restriction on 24-hour energy expenditure, sleeping metabolic rate and daily physical activity								Pubmed 2680474						CN-00333172				Body composition, sleeping metabolic rate (SMR), 24-h energy expenditure (24-EE) and daily physical activity were determined in 12 obese women during and after 12 weeks of exercise (4 h per week on 55 per cent of VO2 max) and/or energy restriction (2.9-3.5 MJ/d). Diet(D) and diet-exercise (DE) groups were formed by matching the subjects on their body mass index (BMI, kg/m2; mean 30.3). After 12 weeks no significant differences were shown in loss of weight (D 12.2 and DE 13.2 kg) and loss of fat mass (D 9.4 and DE 10.9 kg). Both groups reduced their SMR (D 29.9 per cent and DE 21.7 per cent) and their metabolic rate during the entire night measured by indirect calorimetry (12-EE) (D 36.4 per cent and DE 28.6 per cent; P less than 0.05). Energy expenditure over 24 h, estimated by means of heart-rate monitoring, was reduced by 22.1 per cent for D and by 19.6 per cent for DE (n.s.). Daily physical activity, which was determined during 5 d using an actometer, was increased after 12 weeks for DE (27 per cent; P less than 0.05) and D (10 per cent; n.s.). The suggestion that a reduction in normal activities of daily life in a diet-exercise group is the explanation for the absence of significant differences in weight and fat loss between a diet-exercise and a diet group is not confirmed in this study. Daily physical activity showed a significantly higher increase for the diet-exercise group than for the diet group, while the decline of SMR and 24-EE tended to be smaller.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/172/CN-00333172/frame.html										
E. Dale, K. M. Mullinax and D. H. Bryan	1982	Exercise during pregnancy: effects on the fetus		Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences - Journal Canadien des Sciences Appliquees au Sport			7		2	98-103					Jun			Exercise during pregnancy: effects on the fetus	Can J Appl Sport Sci	0700-3978												7105378				Two studies concerning the effects of running during pregnancy were conducted. In the first study observations involved both retrospective and longitudinal obstetric and neonatal evaluation of 33 runners and 11 non-runner control subjects. The results indicated no significant differences between the two groups with regard to maternal weight gain and neonatal delivery weight. There were less quantitative complications of labor and delivery for the runners, but qualitatively there may be a trend toward failure to progress and resultant cesarean section. The second study involved simultaneous electronic monitoring of maternal and fetal heart rate patterns during exercise. In the three technically distinct tracings obtained there was a transient fetal bradycardia during a treadmill testing experience. It was also observed that the fetal heart rate returned to normal during the period of exercise suggesting that the observed deceleration pattern is reversible. Etiology of the bradycardia remains enigmatic.	Dale, E
Mullinax, K M
Bryan, D H		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=7105378http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1980+to+1987%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:7105378&id=doi:&issn=0700-3978&volume=7&issue=2&spage=98&pages=98-103&date=1982&title=Canadian+Journal+of+Applied+Sport+Sciences+-+Journal+Canadien+des+Sciences+Appliquees+au+Sport&atitle=Exercise+during+pregnancy%3A+effects+on+the+fetus.&aulast=Dale&pid=%3Cauthor%3EDale+E%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E7105378%3C%2FAN%3E								MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

L. Dale, R. Whittaker, Y. Jiang, R. Stewart, A. Rolleston and R. Maddison	2014	Improving coronary heart disease self-management using mobile technologies (Text4Heart): A randomised controlled trial protocol		Trials			15		1							Journal: Article		Improving coronary heart disease self-management using mobile technologies (Text4Heart): A randomised controlled trial protocol														CN-00984614				Background: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a secondary prevention program that offers education and support to assist patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) make lifestyle changes. Despite the benefits of CR, attendance at centre-based sessions remains low. Mobile technology (mHealth) has potential to reach more patients by delivering CR directly to mobile phones, thus providing an alternative to centre-based CR. The aim of this trial is to evaluate if a mHealth comprehensive CR program can improve adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviours (for example, physically active, fruit and vegetable intake, not smoking, low alcohol consumption) over and above usual CR services in New Zealand adults diagnosed with CHD.Methods/design: A two-arm, parallel, randomised controlled trial will be conducted at two Auckland hospitals in New Zealand. One hundred twenty participants will be randomised to receive a 24-week evidence- and theory-based personalised text message program and access to a supporting website in addition to usual CR care or usual CR care alone (control). The primary outcome is the proportion of participants adhering to healthy behaviours at 6 months, measured using a composite health behaviour score. Secondary outcomes include overall cardiovascular disease risk, body composition, illness perceptions, self-efficacy, hospital anxiety/depression and medication adherence.Discussion: This study is one of the first to examine an mHealth-delivered comprehensive CR program. Strengths of the trial include quality research design and in-depth description of the intervention to aid replication. If effective, the trial has potential to augment standard CR practices and to be used as a model for other disease prevention or self-management programs.Trial registry: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12613000901707. 2014 Dale et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/614/CN-00984614/frame.html										
M. T. Dale, Z. J. McKeough, P. A. Munoz, P. Corte, P. T. Bye and J. A. Alison	2013	Functional exercise capacity and health-related quality of life in people with asbestos related pleural disease: an observational study		BMC Pulmonary Medicine			13			1						Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Functional exercise capacity and health-related quality of life in people with asbestos related pleural disease: an observational study	BMC polm	1471-2466					PMC3585749							23305075				BACKGROUND: Functional exercise capacity in people with asbestos related pleural disease (ARPD) is unknown and there are no data on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The primary aims were to determine whether functional exercise capacity and HRQoL were reduced in people with ARPD. The secondary aim was to determine whether functional exercise capacity was related to peak exercise capacity, HRQoL, physical activity or respiratory function.
METHODS: In participants with ARPD, exercise capacity was measured by the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and incremental cycle test (ICT); HRQoL by the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire and physical activity by an activity monitor worn for one week. Participants also underwent lung function testing.
RESULTS: 25 males completed the study with a mean (SD) age of 71 (6) years, FVC 82 (19)% predicted, FEV1/FVC 66 (11)%, TLC 80 (19)% predicted and DLCO 59 (13)% predicted. Participants had reduced exercise capacity demonstrated by six-minute walk distance (6MWD) of 76 (11)% predicted and peak work rate of 71 (21)% predicted. HRQoL was also reduced. The 6MWD correlated with peak work rate (r=0.58, p=0.002), St George's Respiratory Questionnaire Total score (r=-0.57, p=0.003), metabolic equivalents from the activity monitor (r=0.45, p<0.05), and FVC % predicted (r=0.52, p<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: People with ARPD have reduced exercise capacity and HRQoL. The 6MWT may be a useful surrogate measure of peak exercise capacity and physical activity levels in the absence of cardiopulmonary exercise testing and activity monitors.
Trial registration: anzctr12608000147381.	Dale, Marita T
McKeough, Zoe J
Munoz, Phillip A
Corte, Peter
Bye, Peter T P
Alison, Jennifer A		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23305075http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23305075&id=doi:10.1186%2F1471-2466-13-1&issn=1471-2466&volume=13&issue=1&spage=1&pages=1&date=2013&title=BMC+Pulmonary+Medicine&atitle=Functional+exercise+capacity+and+health-related+quality+of+life+in+people+with+asbestos+related+pleural+disease%3A+an+observational+study.&aulast=Dale&pid=%3Cauthor%3EDale+MT%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23305075%3C%2FAN%3E		Discipline of Physiotherapy (Rm0166) Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, 75 East St Lidcombe, 2141, Sydney, NSW, Australia. maritad@uni.sydney.edu.au						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

P. M. Dall, P. R. McCrorie, M. H. Granat and B. W. Stansfield	2013	Step accumulation per minute epoch is not the same as cadence for free-living adults		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			45		10	1995-2001					Oct	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Step accumulation per minute epoch is not the same as cadence for free-living adults	Med Sci Sports Exerc	1530-0315												23568091				PURPOSE: The term cadence has been used interchangeably to describe both the rate of stepping and the number of steps in a minute epoch. This is only strictly true if walking is continuous within that epoch. This study directly compared these two outcomes in minute epochs of data from free-living adults to assess the scale of any difference between them.
METHODS: A convenience sample of healthy adults wore an activPAL activity monitor for 7 d. The event record output of the activPAL, providing the start time and duration of each stride to the nearest 0.1 s, was used to calculate step accumulation (number of steps), duration of walking, and cadence (number of steps/duration of walking) for each minute of measurement.
RESULTS: Data from 117 individuals (78 females; mean age, 46 + 16 yr; mean body mass index, 24.9 + 3.7 kgm-2) were analyzed. Twenty-one percent of minutes (n = 310d-1) contained walking. The distribution (most minutes fewer than 40 steps per minute) and mean (34 + 9 steps per minute) of step accumulation were very different from that of cadence (most minutes between 60 and 100 steps per minute; mean, 76 + 6 steps per minute). Only 12% of minutes with stepping were walked continuously, whereas 69% of minutes with stepping contained less than 30 s of walking. This is key to the difference between step accumulation and cadence, and means that cadence cannot be reconstructed from step accumulation without also knowing the duration that was walked.
CONCLUSION: Step accumulation, the number of steps in a fixed period, and cadence, the rate of stepping while walking, are not interchangeable outcome measures. It is vitally important that unambiguous terminology is used to describe the rate of stepping so that the outcomes of studies can be correctly interpreted.	Dall, Philippa Margaret
McCrorie, Paul Robert Walker
Granat, Malcolm Howard
Stansfield, Benedict William		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23568091http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23568091&id=doi:10.1249%2FMSS.0b013e3182955780&issn=0195-9131&volume=45&issue=10&spage=1995&pages=1995-2001&date=2013&title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&atitle=Step+accumulation+per+minute+epoch+is+not+the+same+as+cadence+for+free-living+adults.&aulast=Dall&pid=%3Cauthor%3EDall+PM%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23568091%3C%2FAN%3E		1School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, UNITED KINGDOM
and 2Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Medical Research Council, Glasgow, Scotland, UNITED KINGDOM.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

W. Dalton, K. Schetzina, N. Holt, H. Fulton-Robinson, A.-L. Ho, F. Tudiver, M. McBee and T. Wu	2011	Parent-led activity and nutrition (plan) for healthy living: Design and methods		Contemporary clinical trials			32		6	882-92						Journal: Article		Parent-led activity and nutrition (plan) for healthy living: Design and methods														CN-00895192				Child obesity has become an important public health concern, especially in rural areas. Primary care providers are well positioned to intervene with children and their parents, but encounter many barriers to addressing child overweight and obesity. This paper describes the design and methods of a cluster-randomized controlled trial to evaluate a parent-mediated approach utilizing physician's brief motivational interviewing and parent group sessions to treat child (ages 5-11. years) overweight and obesity in the primary care setting in Southern Appalachia. Specific aims of this pilot project will be 1) to establish a primary care based and parent-mediated childhood overweight intervention program in the primary care setting, 2) to explore the efficacy of this intervention in promoting healthier weight status and health behaviors of children, and 3) to examine the acceptability and feasibility of the approach among parents and primary care providers. If proven to be effective, this approach may be an exportable model to other primary care practices. 2011 Elsevier Inc.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/192/CN-00895192/frame.html										
J. Daniels, S. Sun, J. Zafereo, A. Minhajuddin, C. Nguyen, O. Obel, R. Wu and J. Joglar	2011	Preventing shoulder pain after cardiac rhythm management device implantation: a randomized, controlled study		Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE			34		6	672-8						Randomized Controlled Trial		Preventing shoulder pain after cardiac rhythm management device implantation: a randomized, controlled study								Pubmed 21261667						CN-00972813				INTRODUCTION: Shoulder pain and disability ipsilateral to the implant site is a common complication of cardiac rhythm device implantation, yet very little has been published about this morbidity. We designed a study to assess the potential benefit of a simple exercise protocol in preventing shoulder pain postoperatively. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients undergoing subcutaneous device implantation were randomized to one of two groups. The control group received standard instructions, whereas the exercise group was instructed on specific exercises aimed at strengthening or stretching the shoulder girdle, to be completed 3 days per week. Groups were postoperatively monitored for the development of shoulder discomfort and shoulder impingement by using physical examination and disability questionnaires. At 1 month, seven of 21 control patients reported developing shoulder pain or discomfort compared to one of 23 in the exercise group (P = 0.02). At 6 months, four of 23 control patients still reported worsening shoulder symptoms, compared to none in the exercise group (P = 0.11). In the control group, five of 19 patients developed a positive impingement test at 1 month, versus none in the exercise group (P = 0.01). Scores for the questionnaires designed to assess shoulder pain and dysfunction were worse in the control group. There were no activity-related complications in either group. CONCLUSION: Shoulder pain and disability occurs often following cardiac rhythm management device implantation. A simple exercise program aimed at strengthening the shoulder girdle is effective at preventing this complication.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/813/CN-00972813/frame.html										
K. L. Dannecker, N. A. Sazonova, E. L. Melanson, E. S. Sazonov and R. C. Browning	2013	A Comparison of Energy Expenditure Estimation of Several Physical Activity Monitors		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			45		11	2105-2102								A Comparison of Energy Expenditure Estimation of Several Physical Activity Monitors		0195-9131												2012334665. Language: English. Entry Date: 20131101. Revision Date: 20131115. Publication Type: journal article				INTRODUCTION: Accurately and precisely estimating free-living energy expenditure (EE) is important for monitoring energy balance and quantifying physical activity. Recently, single and multisensor devices have been developed that can classify physical activities, potentially resulting in improved estimates of EE. PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the validity of EE estimation of a footwear-based physical activity monitor and to compare this validity against a variety of research and consumer physical activity monitors. METHODS: Nineteen healthy young adults (10 men, 9 women) completed a 4-h stay in a room calorimeter. Participants wore a footwear-based physical activity monitor as well as Actical, ActiGraph, IDEEA, DirectLife, and Fitbit devices. Each individual performed a series of postures/activities. We developed models to estimate EE from the footwear-based device, and we used the manufacturer's software to estimate EE for all other devices. RESULTS: Estimated EE using the shoe-based device was not significantly different than measured EE (mean ± SE; 476 ± 20 vs 478 ± 18 kcal, respectively) and had a root-mean-square error of 29.6 kcal (6.2%). The IDEEA and the DirectLlife estimates of EE were not significantly different than the measured EE, but the ActiGraph and the Fitbit devices significantly underestimated EE. Root-mean-square errors were 93.5 (19%), 62.1 kcal (14%), 88.2 kcal (18%), 136.6 kcal (27%), 130.1 kcal (26%), and 143.2 kcal (28%) for Actical, DirectLife, IDEEA, ActiGraph, and Fitbit, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The shoe-based physical activity monitor provides a valid estimate of EE, whereas the other physical activity monitors tested have a wide range of validity when estimating EE. Our results also demonstrate that estimating EE based on classification of physical activities can be more accurate and precise than estimating EE based on total physical activity.	pictorial; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Physical Therapy; Sports Medicine. Grant Information: nih:. NLM UID: 8005433.
PMID: 23669877		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2012334665&site=ehost-live		Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL
Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO						rzh	EBSCOhost	
M. Dara, H. Susan, M. Roisin, M. Deirdre, D. Douglas, M. Kareena, F. Helen, H. Stephen, C. Ronan and M.-W. Rory	2012	Effectiveness of conventional versus virtual reality based vestibular rehabilitation in the treatment of dizziness, gait and balance impairment in adults with unilateral peripheral vestibular loss: A randomised controlled trial		BMC ear, nose, and throat disorders			12		1							Journal: Article		Effectiveness of conventional versus virtual reality based vestibular rehabilitation in the treatment of dizziness, gait and balance impairment in adults with unilateral peripheral vestibular loss: A randomised controlled trial														CN-00904060				Background: Unilateral peripheral vestibular loss results in gait and balance impairment, dizziness and oscillopsia. Vestibular rehabilitation benefits patients but optimal treatment remains unkown. Virtual reality is an emerging tool in rehabilitation and provides opportunities to improve both outcomes and patient satisfaction with treatment. The Nintendo Wii Fit Plus (NWFP) is a low cost virtual reality system that challenges balance and provides visual and auditory feedback. It may augment the motor learning that is required to improve balance and gait, but no trials to date have investigated efficacy. Methods/Design. In a single (assessor) blind, two centre randomised controlled superiority trial, 80 patients with unilateral peripheral vestibular loss will be randomised to either conventional or virtual reality based (NWFP) vestibular rehabilitation for 6 weeks. The primary outcome measure is gait speed (measured with three dimensional gait analysis). Secondary outcomes include computerised posturography, dynamic visual acuity, and validated questionnaires on dizziness, confidence and anxiety/depression. Outcome will be assessed post treatment (8 weeks) and at 6 months. Discussion. Advances in the gaming industry have allowed mass production of highly sophisticated low cost virtual reality systems that incorporate technology previously not accessible to most therapists and patients. Importantly, they are not confined to rehabilitation departments, can be used at home and provide an accurate record of adherence to exercise. The benefits of providing augmented feedback, increasing intensity of exercise and accurately measuring adherence may improve conventional vestibular rehabilitation but efficacy must first be demonstrated. Trial registration. Clinical trials.gov identifier: NCT01442623. 2012 Dara et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/060/CN-00904060/frame.html										
K. Dasgupta, S. Hajna, L. Joseph, D. Costa, S. Christopoulos and R. Gougeon	2012	Effects of meal preparation training on body weight, glycemia, and blood pressure: results of a phase 2 trial in type 2 diabetes		International journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity			9			125						Clinical Trial, Phase II; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of meal preparation training on body weight, glycemia, and blood pressure: results of a phase 2 trial in type 2 diabetes								Pubmed 23075398						CN-00864505				BACKGROUND: Modest reductions in weight and small increases in step- related activity (e.g., walking) can improve glycemic and blood pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). We examined changes in these parameters following training in time- efficient preparation of balanced, low- energy meals combined with pedometer- based step count monitoring. METHODS: Seventy- two adults with DM2 were enrolled in a 24- week program (i.e., 15 three- hour group sessions). They prepared meals under a chef's supervision, and discussed eating behaviours/nutrition with a registered dietitian. They maintained a record of pedometer- assessed step counts. We evaluated changes from baseline to 24 weeks in terms of weight, step counts, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, glycemic control), blood pressure, and eating control ability (Weight Efficacy Lifestyle WEL Questionnaire). 53 participants (73.6%) completed assessments. RESULTS: There were improvements in eating control (11.2 point WEL score change, 95% CI 4.7 to 17.8), step counts (mean change 869 steps/day, 95% CI 198 to 1,540), weight (mean change -2.2%; 95% CI -3.6 to -0.8), and HbA1c (mean change -0.3% HbA1c, 95% CI -0.6 to -0.1), as well as suggestion of systolic blood pressure reduction (mean change -3.5 mm Hg, 95% CI -7.8 to 0.9). Findings were not attributable to medication changes. In linear regression models (adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, insulin use, season), a -2.5% weight change was associated with a -0.3% HbA1c change (95% CI -0.4 to -0.2) and a -3.5% systolic blood pressure change (95% CI -5.5 to -1.4). CONCLUSIONS: In this 'proof of concept' study, persistence with the program led to improvements in eating and physical activity habits, glycemia reductions, and suggestion of blood pressure lowering effects. The strategy thus merits further study and development to expand the range of options for vascular risk reduction in DM2.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/505/CN-00864505/frame.html										
R. Davey, T. Cochrane, Z. Iqbal, G. Rajaratnam, R. Chambers, Y. Mawby, L. Picariello, C. Leese and N. Ryder	2010	Randomised controlled trial of additional lifestyle support for the reduction of cardiovascular disease risk through primary care in Stoke-on-Trent, UK		Contemporary clinical trials			31		4	345-54						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Randomised controlled trial of additional lifestyle support for the reduction of cardiovascular disease risk through primary care in Stoke-on-Trent, UK								Pubmed 20430115						CN-00781910				The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of providing additional support in modifying lifestyles and in reducing population cardiovascular disease risk compared with usual primary prevention care. A prospective, individually randomised controlled trial design is used, within which groups of patients are clustered by general practice. Multi-level modelling is proposed to account for clustering effects by practice and a two-stage least squares regression approach to account for expected contamination at the analysis stage. The research is set in Stoke-on-Trent, a mid-sized urban city in central England with a generally poor health profile. Patients included will be those aged between 35 and 74 years who have been identified as being at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Approximately 920 patients will be recruited in each arm of the trial (20 control, 20 treatment in each of 46 practices). Usual primary prevention care (control) will be compared with usual primary prevention care plus bespoke lifestyle support (treatment). The primary outcome measure is the Framingham 10-year cardiovascular disease risk at one year. Intermediate outcomes: weight, physical activity and health-related quality of life, will be determined at six months to monitor progress with treatment. Change in individual risk factors: blood pressure, lipid profile, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, smoking, diabetes and cardiovascular disease status and medications will also be measured at one year to help understand the specific mechanisms by which the primary endpoint was achieved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/910/CN-00781910/frame.html										
E. D. de Bruin, B. Najafi, K. Murer, D. Uebelhart and K. Aminian	2007	Quantification of everyday motor function in a geriatric population		Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development			44		3	417-28						Comparative Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Quantification of everyday motor function in a geriatric population	J Rehabil Res Dev	1938-1352												18247238				This pilot study evaluated variability in physical activities and the correlations between walking, two types of postural transitions, and falls efficacy with an ambulatory activity monitor. An 11-subject convenience sample wore the monitor for 2 consecutive days; in addition, 7 subjects carried the monitor on 1 day of the following week. Demographic characteristics of the sample were age: mean +/- standard deviation [SD] = 87.8 +/- 2.5 yr, body mass index: mean +/- SD = 25.3 +/- 2.1 kg/m(2), and Mini-Mental State Examination score: mean +/- SD = 27.5 +/- 2.0. Analyzed movements were sit-to-stand (SiSt) and stand-to-sit postural transitions, dynamic activity (walking), and static behavior (sitting, standing, lying). Significant correlations were found for the SiSt transition duration (TD) between days (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.78). No differences were found between the durations of sitting (p = 0.8), lying (p = 0.72), standing (p = 0.06), and walking (p = 0.6). These parameters showed highly variable correlation coefficients. A significant correlation was observed between falls efficacy and SiSt measures (r = 0.84, p < 0.01, df = 9). We reliably determined the SiSt TD after subjects wore the monitor for 1 day in the home environment. Poor correlations between 2 consecutive measurement days for dynamic and static activity underline the necessity of recording further days to assess physical activity levels in the geriatric population.	de Bruin, Eling D
Najafi, Bijan
Murer, Kurt
Uebelhart, Daniel
Aminian, Kamiar		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18247238http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:18247238&id=doi:&issn=0748-7711&volume=44&issue=3&spage=417&pages=417-28&date=2007&title=Journal+of+Rehabilitation+Research+%26+Development&atitle=Quantification+of+everyday+motor+function+in+a+geriatric+population.&aulast=de+Bruin&pid=%3Cauthor%3Ede+Bruin+ED%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E18247238%3C%2FAN%3E		Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. debruin@move.biol.ethz.ch						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

I. B. de Groot, J. B. Bussmann, H. J. Stam and J. A. Verhaar	2008	Actual everyday physical activity in patients with end-stage hip or knee osteoarthritis compared with healthy controls		Osteoarthritis & Cartilage			16		4	436-42					Apr	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Actual everyday physical activity in patients with end-stage hip or knee osteoarthritis compared with healthy controls	Osteoarthritis Cartilage	1063-4584												17900934				OBJECTIVE: Few data are available on the level of actual physical activity in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip and knee. The aim of this study was to measure the level of actual physical activity of patients with end-stage OA of the hip and the knee, to compare this with that of matched healthy controls, and to analyze the data in order to ascertain the factors of influence.
METHOD: The actual physical activity was measured with an activity monitor (AM) in 40 hip and 44 knee OA patients, and compared with measurements obtained from healthy controls. Data were also collected on pain and psychological aspects as anxiety, depression and mental functioning. The primary outcome parameter of the actual physical activity was the percentage of movement-related activity.
RESULTS: The percentage of movement-related activity did not differ between the two OA groups. It was 8.8 (4.2)% for the hip and 8.1 (3.8)% for the knee OA patients. The matched controls were significantly higher movement-related active than OA patients (about 11.0 (2.9)%). Increasing age and body mass index were negatively associated with the percentage of movement-related activity (beta=-0.29 and beta=-0.25, respectively), whereas mental functioning was positively related (beta=0.30).
CONCLUSION: The impact of end-stage OA on the level of actual physical activity is equal for hip and knee OA patients. The actual physical activity for both of the OA groups was significantly and clinically relevantly lower compared to controls. However, this difference was smaller than expected and less dominant than patients' perception of limitations in daily life. Clinicians must be aware that the patients' perception of physical functioning in daily life does not always correspond to the actual physical activity.	de Groot, I B
Bussmann, J B
Stam, H J
Verhaar, J A N		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17900934http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:17900934&id=doi:&issn=1063-4584&volume=16&issue=4&spage=436&pages=436-42&date=2008&title=Osteoarthritis+%26+Cartilage&atitle=Actual+everyday+physical+activity+in+patients+with+end-stage+hip+or+knee+osteoarthritis+compared+with+healthy+controls.&aulast=de+Groot&pid=%3Cauthor%3Ede+Groot+IB%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E17900934%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. i.b.degroot@erasmusmc.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. R. de Jong, K. Vangronsveld, M. L. Peters, M. E. J. Goossens, P. Onghena, I. Bulté and J. W. S. Vlaeyen	2008	Reduction of pain-related fear and disability in post-traumatic neck pain: a replicated single-case experimental study of exposure in vivo		Journal of Pain			9		12	1123-1134								Reduction of pain-related fear and disability in post-traumatic neck pain: a replicated single-case experimental study of exposure in vivo		1526-5900												2010141766. Language: English. Entry Date: 20090306. Revision Date: 20091218. Publication Type: journal article				For patients with acute post-traumatic neck pain (PTNP), pain-related fear has been identified as a potential predictor of chronic disability. If such is the case, fear reduction should enhance the prevention of further pain disability and distress after traumatic neck pain disability. However, exposure-based treatments have not been tested in patients with PTNP. Using a replicated single-case crossover phase design with multiple measurements, this study examined whether the validity of a graded exposure in vivo, as compared with usual graded activity, extends to PTNP. Eight patients who reported substantial pain-related fear were included in the study. Daily changes in pain intensity, pain-related fear, pain catastrophizing, and activity goal achievement were assessed. Before and after each intervention, and at 6-month follow-up, standardized questionnaires of pain-related fear and pain disability were administered, and, to quantify daily physical activity level, patients carried an ambulatory activity monitor. The results showed decreasing levels of self-reported pain-related fear, pain intensity, disability, and improvements in physical activity level only when graded exposure in vivo was introduced, and not in the graded activity condition. The results are discussed in the context of the search for customized treatments for PTNP. PERSPECTIVE: This is the first study showing that the effects of graded exposure in vivo generalize to patients with chronic PTNP reporting elevated levels of pain-related fear. This could help clinicians to customize treatments for PTNP.	clinical trial; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Pain and Pain Management. Grant Information: Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMW). No. of Refs: 89 ref. NLM UID: 100898657.
PMID: 18722818		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2010141766&site=ehost-live		Department of Rehabilitation, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands. jeroen.dejong@dep.unimaas.nl						rzh	EBSCOhost	
J. R. de Jong, K. Vangronsveld, M. L. Peters, M. E. Goossens, P. Onghena, I. Bulte and J. W. Vlaeyen	2008	Reduction of pain-related fear and disability in post-traumatic neck pain: a replicated single-case experimental study of exposure in vivo		Journal of Pain			9		12	1123-34					Dec	Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Reduction of pain-related fear and disability in post-traumatic neck pain: a replicated single-case experimental study of exposure in vivo	J Pain	1528-8447												18722818				UNLABELLED: For patients with acute post-traumatic neck pain (PTNP), pain-related fear has been identified as a potential predictor of chronic disability. If such is the case, fear reduction should enhance the prevention of further pain disability and distress after traumatic neck pain disability. However, exposure-based treatments have not been tested in patients with PTNP. Using a replicated single-case crossover phase design with multiple measurements, this study examined whether the validity of a graded exposure in vivo, as compared with usual graded activity, extends to PTNP. Eight patients who reported substantial pain-related fear were included in the study. Daily changes in pain intensity, pain-related fear, pain catastrophizing, and activity goal achievement were assessed. Before and after each intervention, and at 6-month follow-up, standardized questionnaires of pain-related fear and pain disability were administered, and, to quantify daily physical activity level, patients carried an ambulatory activity monitor. The results showed decreasing levels of self-reported pain-related fear, pain intensity, disability, and improvements in physical activity level only when graded exposure in vivo was introduced, and not in the graded activity condition. The results are discussed in the context of the search for customized treatments for PTNP.
PERSPECTIVE: This is the first study showing that the effects of graded exposure in vivo generalize to patients with chronic PTNP reporting elevated levels of pain-related fear. This could help clinicians to customize treatments for PTNP.	de Jong, Jeroen R
Vangronsveld, Karoline
Peters, Madelon L
Goossens, Marielle E J B
Onghena, Patrick
Bulte, Isis
Vlaeyen, Johan W S		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18722818http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:18722818&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.jpain.2008.06.015&issn=1526-5900&volume=9&issue=12&spage=1123&pages=1123-34&date=2008&title=Journal+of+Pain&atitle=Reduction+of+pain-related+fear+and+disability+in+post-traumatic+neck+pain%3A+a+replicated+single-case+experimental+study+of+exposure+in+vivo.&aulast=de+Jong&pid=%3Cauthor%3Ede+Jong+JR%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E18722818%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Rehabilitation, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands. jeroen.dejong@dep.unimaas.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. de Niet, J. B. Bussmann, G. M. Ribbers and H. J. Stam	2007	The stroke upper-limb activity monitor: its sensitivity to measure hemiplegic upper-limb activity during daily life		Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation			88		9	1121-6					Sep	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The stroke upper-limb activity monitor: its sensitivity to measure hemiplegic upper-limb activity during daily life	Arch Phys Med Rehabil	0003-9993												17826456				OBJECTIVE: To test the Stroke Upper-Limb Activity Monitor (Stroke-ULAM), which uses electrogoniometry and accelerometry to measure the amount of upper-limb usage in stroke patients in daily life conditions, for its sensitivity to discriminate between moderately recovered and well-recovered stroke patients and control subjects.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.
SETTING: At home or a rehabilitation center.
PARTICIPANTS: Seventeen patients with stroke and 5 control subjects.
INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Level of usage of upper limb and the percentage of affected upper-limb activity compared with unaffected upper-limb activity (proportion).
RESULTS: The level of usage of the affected upper limb of stroke patients was lower than that of the nondominant upper limb of control subjects (electrogoniometry, 97.8 degrees+/-92.3 degrees/min vs 286.2 degrees+/-46.5 degrees/min, P<.01; accelerometry 1.0+/-0.5 g/min vs 2.4+/-0.8 g/min, P<.01). Stroke patients had lower proportions than control subjects in both electrogoniometry (22.6%+/-18.0% vs 84.6%+/-9.8%, P<.01) and accelerometry (39.2%+/-21.4% vs 93.3%+/-5.0%, P<.01). Well-recovered stroke patients had significantly higher proportions compared with moderately recovered patients on both electrogoniometry and accelerometry.
CONCLUSIONS: The Stroke-ULAM sensitively measures actual performance, and therefore can be a valuable addition to the mostly capacity-oriented tools currently used to evaluate upper-limb function. Proportion is preferred to the level of usage.	de Niet, Mark
Bussmann, Johannes B
Ribbers, Gerard M
Stam, Henk J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17826456http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:17826456&id=doi:&issn=0003-9993&volume=88&issue=9&spage=1121&pages=1121-6&date=2007&title=Archives+of+Physical+Medicine+%26+Rehabilitation&atitle=The+stroke+upper-limb+activity+monitor%3A+its+sensitivity+to+measure+hemiplegic+upper-limb+activity+during+daily+life.&aulast=de+Niet&pid=%3Cauthor%3Ede+Niet+M%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E17826456%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. Dean, C. Rissel, C. Sherrington, M. Sharkey, R. Cumming, S. Lord, R. Barker, C. Kirkham and S. O'Rourke	2012	Exercise to enhance mobility and prevent falls after stroke: the community stroke club randomized trial		Neurorehabilitation and neural repair			26		9	1046-57						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Exercise to enhance mobility and prevent falls after stroke: the community stroke club randomized trial								Pubmed 22544817						CN-00854666				BACKGROUND: Exercise interventions can enhance mobility after stroke as well as prevent falls in elderly persons. OBJECTIVE: Investigate whether an exercise intervention can enhance mobility, prevent falls, and increase physical activity among community-dwelling people after stroke. METHOD: A randomized trial with blinding of physical outcome assessment was conducted through local stroke clubs. Both groups, on average 5.9 years poststroke, received exercise classes, advice, and a home program for 12 months. The experimental group (EG) program (n = 76) aimed to improve walking, prevent falls and increase physical activity. The control group (CG) program (n = 75) aimed to improve upper-limb and cognitive functions. The primary outcomes were walking capacity, walking speed measured before and after the intervention, and fall rates monitored monthly. RESULTS: At 12 months, the EG walked 34 m further in 6 minutes (95% confidence interval [CI] = 19-50; P < .001) and 0.07 m/s faster over 10 m (95% CI = 0.01-0.14; P = .03) than the CG. The EG had 129 falls, and the CG had 133. There were no differences in proportion of fallers (relative risk = 1.22; 95% CI = 0.91-1.62; P = .19) or the rate of falls between groups (incidence rate ratio = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.59-1.51; P = .88). CONCLUSION: The experimental intervention delivered through stroke clubs enhanced aspects of mobility but had no effect on falls.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/666/CN-00854666/frame.html										
L. DeAngelis, C. Gnecco, L. Taylor and R. Warrell	1991	Evolution of neuropathy and myopathy during intensive vincristine/corticosteroid chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma		Cancer			67		9	2241-6						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Evolution of neuropathy and myopathy during intensive vincristine/corticosteroid chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma								Pubmed 1707337						CN-00074450				Neuropathy and myopathy are common sequelae of intensive chemotherapy protocols that contain vincristine and corticosteroids. The authors prospectively monitored the evolution of neuropathy and myopathy during an intensive 12-week chemotherapy program for patients with intermediate and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In this study, vincristine was administered by bolus injection followed by a 3-day continuous intravenous (IV) infusion (total dose of 2.0 mg/m2 every other week); the maximum dose of vincristine was not arbitrarily limited. Cronassial, a mixture of four naturally occurring gangliosides, was administered in a randomized double-blind test to evaluate whether this agent could prevent vincristine-induced neuropathy. High doses of dexamethasone (50 mg/d for 3 days weekly or every other week) were also prescribed. Patients were monitored every 4 weeks with comprehensive physical and neurologic examinations and electrophysiologic studies of peripheral nerve function. Twenty-seven patients were fully evaluable. Weakness was a prominent adverse reaction in this study, and all patients had moderate to severe signs and symptoms of neuropathy and myopathy. Cronassial (100 mg) administered by intramuscular (IM) injection daily provided no protection against the development of neuropathic symptoms. Vincristine typically impaired fine-motor coordination initially, whereas corticosteroids were associated with delayed development of proximal muscle weakness. Results of electrodiagnostic studies did not add to the clinical examination results. The authors conclude that symptomatic weakness due to neuropathy or myopathy appears in a predictable manner during intensive vincristine/corticosteroid-based treatment protocols. Simple clinical tests can be used to rapidly distinguish between toxic effects due either to vincristine or corticosteroids, and routine implementation of these tests can prevent inappropriate dose attenuation of these agents.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/450/CN-00074450/frame.html										
S. R. Dearwater, R. E. LaPorte, J. A. Cauley and G. Brenes	1985	Assessment of physical activity in inactive populations		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			17		6	651-5					Dec	Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Assessment of physical activity in inactive populations	Med Sci Sports Exerc	0195-9131												4079736				The ability to index activity objectively in disabled or impaired activity populations is critical for our understanding of the long-term health consequences of reduced activity. The current research employed the large-scale integrated activity monitor as an objective measure of free living daily activity in 28 subjects with traumatic spinal cord injury. All the spinal cord-injured subjects wore the monitors for 2 d while in-patients at a rehabilitation center. The results indicated that the instruments can accurately index individual physical activity levels in this population, which has drastically reduced activity. Furthermore, group differences in activity were discriminated where paraplegic activity (mean, 32.0 counts X h-1) was significantly greater than quadriplegic activity (mean, 15.1 counts X h-1) (P less than 0.01) despite the markedly low activity levels. The results thus indicate that activity sensors can index individual activity levels at the very low end of the activity spectrum.	Dearwater, S R
LaPorte, R E
Cauley, J A
Brenes, G
AM32444 (United States NIADDK NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=4079736http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1980+to+1987%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:4079736&id=doi:&issn=0195-9131&volume=17&issue=6&spage=651&pages=651-5&date=1985&title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&atitle=Assessment+of+physical+activity+in+inactive+populations.&aulast=Dearwater&pid=%3Cauthor%3EDearwater+SR%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E4079736%3C%2FAN%3E								MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

G. DeBacker, D. Jacobs, R. Prineas, R. Crow, J. Vilandre, H. Kennedy and H. Blackburn	1979	Ventricular premature contractions: a randomized non-drug intervention trial in normal men		Circulation			59		4	762-9						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Ventricular premature contractions: a randomized non-drug intervention trial in normal men								Pubmed 421317						CN-00019850				The influence of a 6-week intervention on factors thought to be related to ectopic cardiac rhythms was tested in normal men with frequent ventricular premature contractions (VPCs), using a randomized, controlled and partial crossover design. The VPC intervention trial experimental regimen included total abstinence from caffeine and smoking, reduction of alcohol intake, and a physical conditioning program. Effects were studied in detail among 81 healthy men with persistent VPCs. VPCs were measured during standard states of rest, dynamic and isometric exercise and other stresses, and 24-hour ambulatory monitoring. Adherence to the treatment was excellent. The experimental group achieved more than 80% of activities asked of them, and little "contamination" occurred in the control group. VPCs were analyzed according to VPC/min, VPC/man and VPC/total number of heart beats. Moderate changes in VPC rates occurred in both experimental and control groups but no significant group differences were found at rest or during any induction test. This 6-week, multiple-factor "hygienic" intervention program had no significant influence on the frequency or occurrence of VPCs in apparently normal men with persistent and frequent VPCs. Because the mechanisms and the significance of VPCs are different in patients with ischemic heart disease, our approach and methods may be useful for similar trials among cardiac patients of adjunct or non-drug therapy for ectopic rhythms.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/850/CN-00019850/frame.html										
P. Deedwania, J. Allen, N. Bittar, A. Bouchard, M. Brandon, D. Bruns, E. Carbajal, J. Checton, C. Corder, N. Cutler, D. H. Thompson, G. Das, A. DeAbate, H. Dittrich, J. Doherty, M. Douglas, R. Edelstein, A. Elson, M. Fogel, W. Frishman, R. Gershan, A. Glaser, S. Glasser, J. Glode, J. Gorwit, K. Goyle, G. Haidet, M. Hannis, R. Hilty, J. Holt, D. Johnson, R. Katz, W. Knopf, T. Kovaric, P. Lai, I. Loh, G. Marinescu, J. Mehta, B. Molk, J. Morledge, D. Nolan, L. Norden, J. Pastoriza, G. Perry, D. Phillips, W. Pitt, P. Pool, P. Procacci, M. Reynolds, D. Russel, H. Smith, L. Smith, R. Sorkin, C. Stevens, U. Thadani, M. Tonkon, R. Weiss, D. Weidier, P. Wolfson, N. Wyskoarko, M. Zadrezewski and P. Zoinouni	1999	Anti-ischemic effects of Amlodipine in patients with stable angina pectoris and myocardial ischemia during daily life		American journal of cardiology			83		7	1117-9						Journal: Article		Anti-ischemic effects of Amlodipine in patients with stable angina pectoris and myocardial ischemia during daily life														CN-00398957				Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring was used to assess the anti- ischemic effects of amlodipine in a subset of 56 patients enrolled in a 14- week withdrawal study; amlodipine therapy resulted in a marked decrease in the overall mean number of ischemic events and the average number of transient ischemic episodes (p <0.005). Amlodipine substantially reduced the number of ischemic events among all patients during the single-blind phase, with further significant reductions recorded among patients who remained on amlodipine during double-blind therapy, but the number of ischemic events increased almost to baseline levels in patients switched to placebo during double-blind therapy (p = 0.01 by analysis of variance).			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/957/CN-00398957/frame.html										
C. Delaney and B. Apostolidis	2010	Pilot testing of a multicomponent home care intervention for older adults with heart failure: an academic clinical partnership		Journal of cardiovascular nursing			25		5	E27-40						Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Pilot testing of a multicomponent home care intervention for older adults with heart failure: an academic clinical partnership								Pubmed 20671564						CN-00770179				BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) has clinically significant psychological and physical consequences for older persons, and hospitalization for HF is frequent and costly to the Medicare program. As HF is the most common primary Medicare home care diagnosis, there is a critical need to develop home care services that improve heath-related outcomes for this population. The primary aim of this pilot study was to develop, implement, and test the initial feasibility and potential efficacy of the Home-Care Education, Assessment, Remote-Monitoring, and Therapeutic Activities (HEART) trial, a nurse-directed multicomponent home care intervention. Observed outcomes were quality of life (QOL), depressive symptoms, and 90-day hospitalization. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with a primary diagnosis of HF were assigned to the intervention (n = 12) or control group (n = 12) according to geographical location in a large multibranch Medicare-certified home health agency. Intervention group patients received 8 structured nurse education visits using evidence-based protocols designed in previous trials to teach HF self-management and to prevent/reduce depression, as well as a telemonitoring system. Control group patients received usual care and telemonitoring. Quality of life was assessed using the Minnesota Living With Heart Failure questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were assed using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 at baseline and 90-day study end point. RESULTS: Study protocols and instrumentation were found to be feasible and effective. Examination of enrollment data led to a reevaluation of eligibility criteria. Patients participating in the HEART intervention demonstrated significantly improved QOL (F = 8.99, P = .007) and significantly reduced depressive symptoms (F = 35.10, P = .001) in comparison to control group patients at the study end point. There was a trend toward lower hospital readmission rates in the intervention group (16% vs 25%), but this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: This pilot study suggests that a full-scale trial of the HEART intervention is feasible.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/179/CN-00770179/frame.html										
H. Delichatsios, R. Friedman, K. Glanz, S. Tennstedt, C. Smigelski, B. Pinto, H. Kelley and M. Gillman	2001	Randomized trial of a "talking computer" to improve adults' eating habits		American journal of health promotion			15		4	215-24						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Randomized trial of a "talking computer" to improve adults' eating habits								Pubmed 11349340						CN-00347854				PURPOSE: To assess efficacy of an intervention delivered by an interactive, computer-controlled telephone system to improve individuals' diets. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Large multispecialty group practice. SUBJECTS: Two hundred ninety-eight adults who were both sedentary and had suboptimal diet quality. INTERVENTION: Weekly communication for 6 months via a totally automated, computer-based voice system. Among intervention group subjects, the system monitored dietary habits and provided educational feedback, advice, and behavioral counseling. Control group subjects received physical activity promotion counseling. MEASURES: Daily intake of fruits, vegetables, red and processed meats, whole fat dairy foods, and whole grain foods estimated from a food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: Mean age 45.9 years, 72% women, 45% white, and 45% African-American. Among participants who completed diet assessments, compared with the control group, the intervention raised fruit intake a mean of 1.1 servings per day (95% confidence interval [CI] .4, 1.7). On a 0 to 100 global diet quality score combining all five food groups, intervention participants improved their mean score 9 (95% CI 4, 13) points more than in the control group. The intervention also raised dietary fiber intake 4.0 g/d (95% CI .1, 7.8) and decreased saturated fat, as a proportion of energy intake, by 1.7% (95% CI -2.7, -.7). CONCLUSIONS: This computer-based telecommunications dietary behavior intervention helped improve participants' overall diet.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/854/CN-00347854/frame.html										
A. Deligiannis, E. Kouidi and A. Tourkantonis	1999	Effects of physical training on heart rate variability in patients on hemodialysis		American journal of cardiology			84		2	197-202						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Effects of physical training on heart rate variability in patients on hemodialysis								Pubmed 10426340						CN-00165765				Dysfunction of the cardiac autonomic nervous system is a known complication of end-stage renal disease. The objective of the study was to mainly investigate the effects of physical training on 24-hour vagal cardiac activity in dialysis patients. Sixty chronic uremic patients (mean age 48 +/- 12 years) on maintenance hemodialysis were studied. After initial evaluation, 30 patients (group A) were randomly assigned to a 6-month exercise training program (3/week). The other 30 patients (group B) and 30 nonuremic sedentary persons (group C) remained untrained and were used as controls. Parasympathetic activity was assessed at the beginning and the end of the study noninvasively from 24-hour electrocardiographic ambulatory monitoring by calculating heart rate variability (HRV). HRV index, mean NN interval, and standard deviation NN (SDNN) were measured according to the "triangular method." At baseline HRV index, mean RR, SDNN, and aerobic capacity were significantly reduced in both hemodialysis groups compared with values in group C. Also, 40% of all patients on hemodialysis and 16% of group C had arrhythmias (Lown class >II). Moreover, hemodialysis patients with a more depressed HRV index (<25, n = 37) had a higher incidence of arrhythmias (60%) compared to those with HRV index >25 (p <0.05). Exercise training in group A significantly increased HRV index from 22 +/- 7 to 28 +/- 9 (p <0.05) and SDNN from 0.11 +/- 0.03 to 0.13 +/- 0.04 (p <0.05). Furthermore, fewer patients continued to have an HRV index <25 (by 40%) and arrhythmias (by 33%) compared with baseline data. Training was also associated with a significant improvement in fitness level, as assessed by maximal oxygen consumption (by 41%; p <0.05) and exercise testing duration (by 33%; p <0.05). There was a significant correlation in HRV index and maximal oxygen consumption. No changes were observed in the control groups between baseline and follow-up data. Results demonstrate that physical training in hemodialysis patients augments cardiac vagal activity and decreases vulnerability to arrhythmias.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/765/CN-00165765/frame.html										
J. E. Dellava and D. J. Hoffman	2009	Validity of resting energy expenditure estimated by an activity monitor compared to indirect calorimetry		British Journal of Nutrition			102		1	155-9					Jul	Comparative Study		Validity of resting energy expenditure estimated by an activity monitor compared to indirect calorimetry	Br J Nutr	1475-2662												19138436				The use of activity monitors (triaxial accelerometers) to estimate total energy expenditure in kilocalories is dependent on the estimation of resting energy expenditure (REE). However, the REE estimated by activity monitors has not been validated against more precise techniques, such as indirect calorimetry (IC). Therefore, the objective of the present study was to compare REE estimated by the Actical activity monitor (ActMon) to that measured by IC and standard prediction equations of REE. Fifty healthy adults between 18 and 43 years of age were measured for weight and percentage of body fat using a digital scale and bioelectrical impedance. The REE estimated by the ActMon was only 129 kJ/d higher, but not statistically different (P>0.05), than the REE measured with IC. Using multiple linear regression, there was a positive relationship for men, but not for women, between fat mass (kg) and percentage of body fat and the difference in REE estimated by the ActMon compared to IC (P < 0.001). Therefore, in the cohort studied, the use of an activity monitor to estimate REE is valid when compared to IC, but not to a standard prediction equation of REE.	Dellava, Jocilyn E
Hoffman, Daniel J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19138436http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19138436&id=doi:10.1017%2FS0007114508143537&issn=0007-1145&volume=102&issue=1&spage=155&pages=155-9&date=2009&title=British+Journal+of+Nutrition&atitle=Validity+of+resting+energy+expenditure+estimated+by+an+activity+monitor+compared+to+indirect+calorimetry.&aulast=Dellava&pid=%3Cauthor%3EDellava+JE%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19138436%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 26 Nichol Avenue, Room 288-B, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

Z. S. DePew, A. C. Garofoli, P. J. Novotny and R. P. Benzo	2013	Screening for severe physical inactivity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the value of simple measures and the validation of two physical activity questionnaires		Chronic Respiratory Disease			10		1	19-27					Feb			Screening for severe physical inactivity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the value of simple measures and the validation of two physical activity questionnaires	Chron	1479-9731												23149382				Objectively measured severe physical inactivity (SPI) has been reported as the strongest independent predictor of mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Activity monitoring is not feasible in routine clinical practice; therefore, we set out to determine the utility of simple clinical measures for predicting SPI in patients with COPD. A total of 165 patients with COPD wore an activity monitor for 5 days to define the presence or absence of SPI. Logistic models were generated including the modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) dyspnea grade, spirometry and the age-dyspnea-airflow obstruction (ADO) index. Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) and Stanford Brief Activity Scale (SBAS) were also tested for validity and reliability in a subgroup of 67 patients. The MMRC dyspnea grade, PASE score, ADO index and SBAS score were associated with SPI, but general self-efficacy and spirometry were not. An MMRC dyspnea grade >3 was the best independent predictor of SPI (AUC: 0.74; PPV: 0.83; NPV: 0.68) followed closely by a PASE score of <111. The combination of MMRC dyspnea grade and PASE score provided the most robust model (AUC: 0.83; Positive Predictive Value (PPV): 0.95; Negative Predictive Value (NPV): 0.63). The results were confirmed using 5000 bootstrapped models from the cohort of 165 patients. MMRC dyspnea grade >3 may be the best triage tool for SPI in patients with COPD. The combination of the MMRC and PASE score provided the most robust prediction. Our results may have significant practical applicability for clinicians caring for patients with COPD.	DePew, Zachary S
Garofoli, Adrian C
Novotny, Paul J
Benzo, Roberto P		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23149382http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23149382&id=doi:10.1177%2F1479972312464243&issn=1479-9723&volume=10&issue=1&spage=19&pages=19-27&date=2013&title=Chronic+Respiratory+Disease&atitle=Screening+for+severe+physical+inactivity+in+chronic+obstructive+pulmonary+disease%3A+the+value+of+simple+measures+and+the+validation+of+two+physical+activity+questionnaires.&aulast=DePew&pid=%3Cauthor%3EDePew+ZS%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23149382%3C%2FAN%3E		Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

L. Dettore	2012	The effect of moderate intensity walking on blood pressure in elderly hypertensive adults		Rush University, College of Nursing						208								The effect of moderate intensity walking on blood pressure in elderly hypertensive adults														CN-00766644				Hypertension is a major public health problem for the elderly, affecting more than 16 million Americans 65 years and older. Physical activity, a lifestyle behavior, has been shown to reduce blood pressure in sedentary, hypertensive, elderly individuals. This randomized, controlled, clinical trial assessed the effect of an unsupervised, self-paced, moderate-intensity walking program on blood pressure in underactive, elderly persons with untreated, stage 1 hypertension. Thirty-two healthy volunteers (21 women, 11 men) completed the three-month study. Eighteen subjects (12 women, six men) walked at their own pace in their communities using Borg's ratings of perceived exertion scale (RPE) to monitor their walking intensity five days a week for 12 weeks. Energy expenditure increased from approximately 1000 kcal/wk to $>$2000 kcal/wk, on average. Nine women and five men in the control group received no treatment during the study. Blood pressure was measured weekly with a Tycos aneroid sphygmomanometer. Using repeated-measures analysis of variance, heart rate, body weight, and blood pressure were comparable between groups at baseline. By the third week, the blood pressure lowering effect of walking became statistically significant and was maintained for the duration of the study. In contrast, no statistically significant changes in blood pressure were noted among subjects in the control group over the course of the study. There were no statistically significant gender effects or changes in body weight, heart rate, or dietary intake over time in either group. In conclusion, this community-based walking intervention produced a statistically and clinically significant decrease in blood pressure among sedentary, older adults with stage 1 hypertension who walked. These data further suggest that, in this population, the average weekly energy expended through walking reaches a level for which measurable health benefits are known to occur.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/644/CN-00766644/frame.html										
W. Dickinson, R. Glasgow, L. Fisher, L. Dickinson, S. Christensen, P. Estabrooks and B. Miller	2013	Use of a website to accomplish health behavior change: if you build it, will they come? And will it work if they do?		Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM			26		2	168-76						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Use of a website to accomplish health behavior change: if you build it, will they come? And will it work if they do?								Pubmed 23471930						CN-00873081				PURPOSE: This article describes the development, implementation, and effectiveness of 2 interactive websites designed to support health behavior change around healthy eating, physical activity, smoking, and use of alcohol for primary care patients. METHODS: Patients from 6 primary care practices were recruited and randomized to a basic website (including a health assessment with feedback of the results and educational materials about health behavior change) or an enhanced website that included the features of the basic site plus an action planning component. Patients were prompted to return for follow-up assessments at 3 and 6 months after enrollment. RESULTS: Of 7706 participants, 169 (2.2%) targeted for recruitment actually used the website. Both web-based interventions seemed to assist patients with making positive changes in their behavior, especially activity level and healthful diet. There were no significant differences in the effectiveness of the basic and enhanced websites. CONCLUSIONS: Interactive behavior-change technology interventions can assist primary care patients and practices in health behavior change activities. Difficulties with patient recruitment and the lack of added effectiveness of the enhanced website suggest that such interventions work better if integrated into the interaction between primary care clinicians and patients rather than as a standalone intervention.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/081/CN-00873081/frame.html										
R. Dickstein, J. E. Deutsch, Y. Yoeli, M. Kafri, F. Falash, A. Dunsky, A. Eshet and N. Alexander	2013	Effects of integrated motor imagery practice on gait of individuals with chronic stroke: a half-crossover randomized study		Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation			94		11	2119-25					Nov	Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Effects of integrated motor imagery practice on gait of individuals with chronic stroke: a half-crossover randomized study	Arch Phys Med Rehabil	1532-821X												23872048				OBJECTIVES: To test the effects of a new motor imagery practice approach, in which motor and motivational contents were integrated in order to improve gait in subjects with chronic poststroke hemiparesis.
DESIGN: A half-crossover study composed of 2 phases. In phase 1, subjects were randomly assigned to receive either the experimental or the control treatment. In phase 2, the subjects who had initially received the control treatment "crossed over" to receive the experimental intervention.
SETTING: The experimental and the control intervention were delivered in the subjects' homes; assessments were performed in a hospital laboratory.
PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling individuals (N=23) with chronic poststroke hemiparesis whose gait was impaired.
INTERVENTIONS: The experimental intervention, called integrated motor imagery practice, consisted of imagery scripts aimed at improving home and community walking as well as fall-related self-efficacy. The control treatment consisted of executed exercises to improve the function of the involved upper extremity.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: In-home walking, indoor and outdoor community ambulation, and fall-related self-efficacy. These were assessed before and after the intervention as well as at a 2-week follow-up.
RESULTS: In-home walking was significantly improved after application of the experimental intervention (P<.003), but not after the control treatment (P<.68). Community ambulation did not improve. Fall-related self-efficacy was slightly improved by the integrated motor imagery intervention; however, the findings were not unequivocal.
CONCLUSIONS: Home delivery of integrated motor imagery practice was feasible and exerted a positive effect on walking in the home. However, it was ineffective for improving gait in public domains. We speculate that the addition of physical practice to imagery practice may be essential for achieving that end. Copyright 2013 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Dickstein, Ruth
Deutsch, Judith E
Yoeli, Yonat
Kafri, Michal
Falash, Faten
Dunsky, Ayelet
Eshet, Adi
Alexander, Neil
S0003-9993(13)00536-4
5R03HD055453-02 (United States NICHD NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23872048http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23872048&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.apmr.2013.06.031&issn=0003-9993&volume=94&issue=11&spage=2119&pages=2119-25&date=2013&title=Archives+of+Physical+Medicine+%26+Rehabilitation&atitle=Effects+of+integrated+motor+imagery+practice+on+gait+of+individuals+with+chronic+stroke%3A+a+half-crossover+randomized+study.&aulast=Dickstein&pid=%3Cauthor%3EDickstein+R%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23872048%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel. Electronic address: ruthd@research.haifa.ac.il.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J.-W. Dijk, M. Venema, W. Mechelen, C. Stehouwer, F. Hartgens and L. Loon	2014	Effect of moderate-intensity exercise versus activities of daily living on 24-hour blood glucose homeostasis in male patients with type 2 diabetes		Diabetes care			36		11	3448-53						Journal: Article		Effect of moderate-intensity exercise versus activities of daily living on 24-hour blood glucose homeostasis in male patients with type 2 diabetes														CN-00979400				OBJECTIVE-To investigate the impact of activities of daily living (ADL) versus moderateintensity endurance-type exercise on 24-h glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSdTwenty males with type 2 diabetes participated in a randomized crossover study consisting of three experimental periods of 3 days each. Subjects were studied under sedentary control conditions, and under conditions in which prolonged sedentary time was reduced either by three 15-min bouts of ADL (postmeal strolling, ;3 METs) or by a single 45-min bout of moderate-intensity endurance-type exercise (;6 METs). Blood glucose concentrations were assessed by continuous glucose monitoring, and plasma insulin concentrations were determined in frequently sampled venous blood samples. RESULTS-Hyperglycemia (glucose >10mmol/L)was experienced for 6 h 51min61h4min per day during the sedentary control condition and was significantly reduced by exercise (4 h 47 min61h2min; P < 0.001), but not by ADL (6 h 2 min61 h 16 min; P = 0.67). The cumulative glucose incremental areas under the curve (AUCs) of breakfast, lunch, and dinner were, respectively, 35 6 5% (P < 0.001) and 17 6 6% (P < 0.05) lower during the exercise and ADL conditions compared with the sedentary condition. The insulin incremental AUCs were, respectively, 33 6 4% (P < 0.001) and 17 6 5% (P < 0.05) lower during the exercise and ADL conditions compared with the sedentary condition. CONCLUSIONS-When matched for total duration, moderate-intensity endurance-type exercise represents a more effective strategy to improve daily blood glucose homeostasis than repeated bouts of ADL. Nevertheless, the introduction of repeated bouts of ADL during prolonged sedentary behavior forms a valuable strategy to improve postprandial glucose handling in patients with type 2 diabetes. 2013 by the American Diabetes Association.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/400/CN-00979400/frame.html										
W. Dimpfel, H. Hofmann, A. Prohaska, F. Schober and R. Schellenberg	1996	Source density analysis of functional topographical EEG: monitoring of cognitive drug action		European journal of medical research			1		6	283-90						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial;		Source density analysis of functional topographical EEG: monitoring of cognitive drug action								Pubmed 9367941						CN-00145318				Electrical changes of the brain induced by mental work in the presence or absence of a drug formulation containing dimethylaminoethanolorotrate (DMAE), vitamins and minerals were analysed. Sixty elderly volunteers (30 females and 30 males; aged 40 - 65) who lacked concentration and efficiency during mental exercise according to their own opinions participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The EEG recordings were carried out before and after 12 weeks medication and were analysed according to the electrical charges at the scalp surface (Laplacian estimate) followed by Fast Fourier Transformation to obtain quantitative data. Whereas no change of electrical charge could be observed after 12 weeks of treatment in the placebo group, the verum group taking 1 capsule per day of an established drug containing a biogenic amine-vitamin combination revealed decreases in theta power during rest and increases in absolute theta power induced by mental demand within the area known to change its electrical activity during mental exercise. In the light of the current hypothesis that high theta resting power and low increases at frontotemporal brain areas during mental work indicate mental impairment, treatment with the drug under investigation was seen to successfully reverse these changes. This drug effect was localized in the frontotemporal cortex in a statistically significant manner during both the memory and the symbol recognition tests. The observed effect is fully consistent with a previous study using Fourier transformed data from conventional EEG voltage recordings. It can be concluded that an analysis of EEG data by means of the charge mode provides an excellent tool to quantify drug effects especially in cognitive research. A second perspective arises from the fact that it should be possible to recognize mental impairments at a very early stage by using this method, thus providing the possibility of an early treatment.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/318/CN-00145318/frame.html										
J. M. DiNallo, D. S. Downs and G. Le Masurier	2012	Objectively assessing treadmill walking during the second and third pregnancy trimesters		Journal of Physical Activity & Health			9		1	21-8					Jan	Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Objectively assessing treadmill walking during the second and third pregnancy trimesters	J Phys Act Health	1543-5474												22232501				BACKGROUND: To effectively promote physical activity (PA) and quantify the effects of PA interventions for pregnant women, PA measurement during pregnancy needs improvement. The purpose of this study was to assess PA monitor output during a controlled, treadmill walking protocol among pregnant women at 20- and 32-weeks gestation.
METHODS: Women (N = 43) wore an Actigraph accelerometer, NL1000, and Yamax pedometer during a 20-minute treadmill walking test [5-minute periods at 4 different speeds (54, 67, 80, and 94 mmin(-1))] at 20- and 32-weeks gestation.
RESULTS: Repeated-measures ANOVAs indicated that Actigraph total counts/minute and minutes of moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA), NL1000 steps and minutes MVPA, and Yamax steps decreased from 20- to 32-weeks gestation (P < .05), while body girth circumference and activity monitor tilt increased (P < .05). Repeated measures ANCOVAs, controlling for changes in body girth and monitor tilt, yielded no significant differences in any outcome measures from 20- to 32-weeks gestation.
CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results suggest physical changes during pregnancy impact activity monitor output in controlled settings. Accurately measuring and statistically controlling for changes in body girth at monitor placement site and monitor tilt may improve the accuracy of activity monitors for use with pregnant populations.	DiNallo, Jennifer M
Downs, Danielle Symons
Le Masurier, Guy
MO1RR10732 (United States NCRR NIH HHS)
R-21 DK075867-02 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22232501http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22232501&id=doi:&issn=1543-3080&volume=9&issue=1&spage=21&pages=21-8&date=2012&title=Journal+of+Physical+Activity+%26+Health&atitle=Objectively+assessing+treadmill+walking+during+the+second+and+third+pregnancy+trimesters.&aulast=DiNallo&pid=%3Cauthor%3EDiNallo+JM%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22232501%3C%2FAN%3E		Dept of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. Dinger, K. Heesch, G. Cipriani and M. Qualls	2007	Comparison of two email-delivered, pedometer-based interventions to promote walking among insufficiently active women		Journal of science and medicine in sport			10		5	297-302						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Comparison of two email-delivered, pedometer-based interventions to promote walking among insufficiently active women								Pubmed 16950654						CN-00617447				Research on the effect of email-delivered, pedometer-based interventions on walking behavior and transtheoretical model (TTM) constructs is lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two email-delivered, pedometer-based interventions designed to increase walking and TTM construct scores among insufficiently active women. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two 6-week intervention groups. Both groups wore pedometers, submitted step logs, and received weekly email reminders. One group also received in the emails suggested strategies based on TTM for increasing physical activity. Of the 74 women who began the study, 56 (age=41.5+/-7.6 years; body mass index=31.2+/-6.6kg/m(2); 86% Caucasian) completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and TTM questionnaires at baseline and post-intervention. Participants in both groups combined increased weekly time spent walking (p=0.002) and their scores on TTM cognitive processes, behavioral processes, pros, and cons changed (p< or =0.001) from baseline to post-intervention. The changes in walking and TTM scores did not differ between groups (p>0.05). The results of this study indicate that email-delivered, pedometer-based interventions may impact walking and most TTM scores among insufficiently active women. Although preliminary, the findings provide additional evidence that this low-cost method of intervening may be an effective approach to combat physical inactivity in women.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/447/CN-00617447/frame.html										
R. K. Dishman, R. W. Patton, J. Smith, R. Weinberg and A. Jackson	1987	Using perceived exertion to prescribe and monitor exercise training heart rate		International Journal of Sports Medicine			8		3	208-13					Jun	Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial		Using perceived exertion to prescribe and monitor exercise training heart rate	Int J Sports Med	0172-4622												3623783				We examined whether feedback of heart rate (HR) or HR combined with ratings of perceived exertion (RPE and HR) during a graded exercise test (GXT) and during early trials of field training would reduce the errors commonly seen when training heart rate range (THR) is self-monitored by participants. Asymptomatic males (n = 24) were tested on a Balke treadmill protocol in a randomized, between-groups design under control conditions or conditions where feedback about HR or HR combined with RPE were given as age-predicted THR was approximated. This was followed on alternating days by three field trials of an 800-m jog where errors between prescribed and attained THR were fed back to each subject. A priori 95% confidence intervals for the first field trial showed that signed (algebraic) error for the HR combined with RPE condition (+3 bts/min) was less than for controls (+23.5 bts/min). Feedback of HR alone was no different from the control condition. All groups showed increased accuracy (P less than .05) by the third field trial [absolute error: T1 (18 bts/min) to T3 (9.6 bts/min); signed error: T1 (+14 bts/min) to T3 (+4 bts/min)]. Our results suggest feedback of HR combined with RPE during a GXT may reduce an overshoot in THR during the first of subsequent exercise sessions. Feedback of HR alone appeared sufficient to further reduce THR errors after a third exercise session in the field. The procedures used may have practical importance for sedentary, unfit, or diseased individuals where conservative HR prescriptions are desirable but electronic monitoring is not feasible or cost effective.	Dishman, R K
Patton, R W
Smith, J
Weinberg, R
Jackson, A		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=3623783http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1980+to+1987%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:3623783&id=doi:&issn=0172-4622&volume=8&issue=3&spage=208&pages=208-13&date=1987&title=International+Journal+of+Sports+Medicine&atitle=Using+perceived+exertion+to+prescribe+and+monitor+exercise+training+heart+rate.&aulast=Dishman&pid=%3Cauthor%3EDishman+RK%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E3623783%3C%2FAN%3E								MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

R. Dishman, R. Patton, J. Smith, R. Weinberg and A. Jackson	1987	Using perceived exertion to prescribe and monitor exercise training heart rate		International journal of sports medicine			8		3	208-13						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Using perceived exertion to prescribe and monitor exercise training heart rate								Pubmed 3623783						CN-00049652				We examined whether feedback of heart rate (HR) or HR combined with ratings of perceived exertion (RPE and HR) during a graded exercise test (GXT) and during early trials of field training would reduce the errors commonly seen when training heart rate range (THR) is self-monitored by participants. Asymptomatic males (n = 24) were tested on a Balke treadmill protocol in a randomized, between-groups design under control conditions or conditions where feedback about HR or HR combined with RPE were given as age-predicted THR was approximated. This was followed on alternating days by three field trials of an 800-m jog where errors between prescribed and attained THR were fed back to each subject. A priori 95% confidence intervals for the first field trial showed that signed (algebraic) error for the HR combined with RPE condition (+3 bts/min) was less than for controls (+23.5 bts/min). Feedback of HR alone was no different from the control condition. All groups showed increased accuracy (P less than .05) by the third field trial [absolute error: T1 (18 bts/min) to T3 (9.6 bts/min); signed error: T1 (+14 bts/min) to T3 (+4 bts/min)]. Our results suggest feedback of HR combined with RPE during a GXT may reduce an overshoot in THR during the first of subsequent exercise sessions. Feedback of HR alone appeared sufficient to further reduce THR errors after a third exercise session in the field. The procedures used may have practical importance for sedentary, unfit, or diseased individuals where conservative HR prescriptions are desirable but electronic monitoring is not feasible or cost effective.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/652/CN-00049652/frame.html										
J. Dixon, J. Browne, K. Mosely, T. Rice, K. Jones, F. Pouwer and J. Speight	2014	Severe obesity and diabetes self-care attitudes, behaviours and burden: Implications for weight management from a matched case-controlled study. Results from Diabetes MILES-Australia		Diabetic medicine			31		2	232-40						Journal: Article		Severe obesity and diabetes self-care attitudes, behaviours and burden: Implications for weight management from a matched case-controlled study. Results from Diabetes MILES-Australia														CN-00959105				Aims: To investigate whether diabetes self-care attitudes, behaviours and perceived burden, particularly related to weight management, diet and physical activity, differ between adults with Type 2 diabetes who are severely obese and matched non-severely obese control subjects. Methods: The 1795 respondents to the Diabetes MILES-Australia national survey had Type 2 diabetes and reported height and weight data, enabling BMI calculation: 530 (30%) were severely obese (BMI > 35 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; median BMI = 41.6 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) and these were matched with 530 control subjects (BMI < 35 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; median BMI = 28.2 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). Diabetes self-care behaviours, attitudes and burden were measured with the Diabetes Self-Care Inventory-Revised. Within-group and between-group trends were examined. Results: The group with BMI > 35 kg/m<sup>2</sup> was less likely to achieve healthy diet and exercise targets, placed less importance on diet and exercise recommendations, and found the burden of diet and exercise recommendations to be greater than the group with BMI < 35 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. The group with BMI > 35 kg/m<sup>2</sup> was more likely to be actively trying to lose weight, but found weight control a greater burden. These issues accentuated with increasing obesity and were greatest in those with BMI > 45 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. There were no between-group differences in other aspects of diabetes self-care: self-monitoring of blood glucose, use of medications and smoking. Moderate-to-severe symptoms of depression were independently associated with reduced likelihood of healthy diet and physical activity, and with greater burden associated with diet, physical activity and weight management. Conclusions: Severely obese people with diabetes demonstrated self-care attitudes, behaviours and burdens that infer barriers to weight loss. However, other important diabetes self-care behaviours are supported equally by severely obese and non-severely obese individuals. 2013 Diabetes UK.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/105/CN-00959105/frame.html										
P. Dobsak, P. Homolka, J. Svojanovsky, A. Reichertova, M. Soucek, M. Novakova, L. Dusek, J. Vasku, J. Eicher and J. Siegelova	2012	Intra-dialytic electrostimulation of leg extensors may improve exercise tolerance and quality of life in hemodialyzed patients		Artificial organs			36		1	71-8						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Intra-dialytic electrostimulation of leg extensors may improve exercise tolerance and quality of life in hemodialyzed patients								Pubmed 21848929						CN-00972188				Hemodialyzed (HD) patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) exhibit lower fitness as a consequence of chronic uremic changes that trigger various structural, metabolic, and functional abnormalities in skeletal muscles. The aim of this randomized study was to compare the effect of rehabilitation (RHB) training on a bicycle ergometer and electromyostimulation (EMS) of leg extensors in HD patients with ESRD. Thirty-two HD patients (18 men/14 women; mean age 61.1 ± 8.8 years) were randomized into three groups: (i) exercise training (ET; n = 11) on bicycle ergometer 2 × 20 min; (ii) EMS (n = 11) where stimulation (10 Hz) of leg extensors was applied for 60 min; and (iii) controls (CON; n = 10) without exercise. Exercising was performed between the 2nd and the 3rd hour of HD, three times a week, 20 weeks in total. Ergometric test was performed in order to evaluate peak workload (W(peak)), 6-min corridor walking test (CWT) to evaluate the distance walked, and dynamometry of leg extensors to assess muscle power (F(max)). Urea clearance was monitored and expressed as standard parameters: spKt/V, spKt/V equilibrated (spKt/V-e), and the urea removal ratio (URR). Quality of life (QoL) was assessed by the questionnaire SF-36. A significant increase of F(max) (P = 0.040 in group ET; P = 0.032 in group EMS), of 6-min CWT (P < 0.001 in ET group; P = 0.042 in EMS group), and of W(peak) (P = 0.041 in ET group) was observed. In both exercising groups, significant increase of spKt/V, spKt/V-e, and URR was found as compared with initial values (P < 0.05). In both exercising groups, highly significant changes in summarized mental functions were found (P = 0.001); in summarized physical components, significant improvement was observed in the ET group (P = 0.006). Intradialytic RHB showed comparable positive effects on functional parameters, urea clearance, and QoL. Intradialytic EMS might represent wide therapeutic possibility in the near future.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/188/CN-00972188/frame.html										
K. Donovan, S. E. Lord, H. K. McNaughton and M. Weatherall	2008	Mobility beyond the clinic: the effect of environment on gait and its measurement in community-ambulant stroke survivors		Clinical Rehabilitation			22		6	556-63					Jun	Comparative Study		Mobility beyond the clinic: the effect of environment on gait and its measurement in community-ambulant stroke survivors	Clin Rehabil	0269-2155												18511535				OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of a complex community environment on gait parameters (speed, step length and cadence) for community-dwelling participants with a previous stroke, and compare outcome measures commonly used in a clinical environment.
DESIGN: Repeated measurement of participants in different environments.
SETTING: One clinic and two community environments (suburban street and shopping mall).
SUBJECTS: Thirty community-dwelling stroke participants with chronic stroke who were classified according to gait speed (20-50 m/min on 10-metre timed walk) as marginal community walkers.
OUTCOME MEASURES: During a six-minute walk test (6MWT) a step activity monitor (SAM) and odometer were used to calculate gait speed, step length and cadence. The 10-metre timed walk (10MTW) was measured in a clinic environment.
ANALYSIS: A mixed linear model examined differences in gait measurements in the different environments. Bland-Altman analysis illustrated agreement between gait speed measures (6MWT and 10MTW).
RESULTS: A statistically significant, but not a clinically significant difference in gait speed between some environments was found. Gait speed was slowest in the mall and fastest in the street with a difference of only 2.1 m/min between these environments (95% confidence interval (CI) -3.8 to -0.5, P<0.01). Comparison of clinic 10MTW and street 6MWT showed wide limits of agreement (-18.5 to 16.9 m/min) which improved for clinic 6MWT and street 6MWT comparisons (-5.7 to 8.9 m/min).
CONCLUSION: Despite residual gait deficit, the gait parameters of these chronic stroke survivors did not deteriorate markedly under challenging conditions. The 6MWT is recommended as a clinical measure for community ambulation.	Donovan, Kimberley
Lord, Susan E
McNaughton, Harry K
Weatherall, Mark		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18511535http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:18511535&id=doi:10.1177%2F0269215507085378&issn=0269-2155&volume=22&issue=6&spage=556&pages=556-63&date=2008&title=Clinical+Rehabilitation&atitle=Mobility+beyond+the+clinic%3A+the+effect+of+environment+on+gait+and+its+measurement+in+community-ambulant+stroke+survivors.&aulast=Donovan&pid=%3Cauthor%3EDonovan+K%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E18511535%3C%2FAN%3E		School of Physiotherapy, Centre for Physiotherapy Research, University of Otago, New Zealand. kim.donovan@otago.ac.nz						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

E. Dornelas, J. Wylie-Rosett and C. Swencionis	1998	The DIET study: long-term outcomes of a cognitive-behavioral weight-control intervention in independent-living elders. Dietary Intervention: Evaluation of Technology		Journal of the American Dietetic Association			98		11	1276-81						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		The DIET study: long-term outcomes of a cognitive-behavioral weight-control intervention in independent-living elders. Dietary Intervention: Evaluation of Technology								Pubmed 9813583						CN-00156824				OBJECTIVE: To describe the long-term outcomes of a cognitive-behavioral weight-control intervention implemented in a community-based sample of independent-living, older adults. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental design was used to compare an intervention community with a wait-listed control community. Comparisons between the communities were made at 40 weeks (J Am Diet Assoc. 1994;94:37-42). The controlled trial ended at 40 weeks; then both communities received 2 years of intervention. Two-year data from both communities were combined and are presented in this article. Three-year outcome data from the initial intervention community were available and are also presented. SUBJECTS: A total of 247 overweight (> 4.5 kg of age-adjusted weight), older (mean age = 71 years) adults in 2 independent-living retirement communities participated in the study. INTERVENTION: The Dietary Intervention: Evaluation of Technology (DIET) study consisted of an intensive 10-week psychoeducational approach focused on lifestyle change, followed by a less intensive 2-year phase focusing on relapse prevention and maintenance of lifestyle changes. OUTCOME MEASURES: Physiologic and behavioral variables were analyzed at baseline and at 2 years after baseline. This article reports the combined 2-year outcome data from both retirement communities. Results of an additional follow-up 1 year after intervention was withdrawn are reported for the initial intervention community. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: A within-subjects repeated measures analysis of variance design was used to test for significant changes in weight and lipid values over time. RESULTS: At 2 years, 70% of those who started the intervention remained actively enrolled. This group showed significant decreases in body mass index (-1.2, P < .001) and glucose level (-0.80 mmol/L, P < .001). Although high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels had increased at 40 weeks after baseline, this was not maintained at 2 years. At the 3-year follow-up, changes in body mass index and glucose level were maintained. APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: The purpose of this article was to describe the long-term outcomes of a community-based weight-reduction intervention for older adults. The findings may be of interest to clinicians who design community or worksite weight-reduction programs. Although the intervention was designed to be a low-intensity program, attrition over the length of the study was still problematic. Nevertheless, our follow-up study indicates that this intervention was efficacious in maintaining reductions in weight and glucose levels for overweight older adults for 3 years.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/824/CN-00156824/frame.html										
K. P. Dowd, D. M. Harrington and A. E. Donnelly	2012	Criterion and concurrent validity of the activPAL professional physical activity monitor in adolescent females		PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource]			7		10	e47633						Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Criterion and concurrent validity of the activPAL professional physical activity monitor in adolescent females	PLoS ONE	1932-6203					PMC3477132							23094069				BACKGROUND: The activPAL has been identified as an accurate and reliable measure of sedentary behaviour. However, only limited information is available on the accuracy of the activPAL activity count function as a measure of physical activity, while no unit calibration of the activPAL has been completed to date. This study aimed to investigate the criterion validity of the activPAL, examine the concurrent validity of the activPAL, and perform and validate a value calibration of the activPAL in an adolescent female population. The performance of the activPAL in estimating posture was also compared with sedentary thresholds used with the ActiGraph accelerometer.
METHODOLOGIES: Thirty adolescent females (15 developmental; 15 cross-validation) aged 15-18 years performed 5 activities while wearing the activPAL, ActiGraph GT3X, and the Cosmed K4B2. A random coefficient statistics model examined the relationship between metabolic equivalent (MET) values and activPAL counts. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine activity thresholds and for cross-validation. The random coefficient statistics model showed a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.93 (standard error of the estimate = 1.13). An optimal moderate threshold of 2997 was determined using mixed regression, while an optimal vigorous threshold of 8229 was determined using receiver operating statistics. The activPAL count function demonstrated very high concurrent validity (r = 0.96, p<0.01) with the ActiGraph count function. Levels of agreement for sitting, standing, and stepping between direct observation and the activPAL and ActiGraph were 100%, 98.1%, 99.2% and 100%, 0%, 100%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the activPAL is a valid, objective measurement tool that can be used for both the measurement of physical activity and sedentary behaviours in an adolescent female population.	Dowd, Kieran P
Harrington, Deirdre M
Donnelly, Alan E		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23094069http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23094069&id=doi:10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0047633&issn=1932-6203&volume=7&issue=10&spage=e47633&pages=e47633&date=2012&title=PLoS+ONE+%5BElectronic+Resource%5D&atitle=Criterion+and+concurrent+validity+of+the+activPAL+professional+physical+activity+monitor+in+adolescent+females.&aulast=Dowd&pid=%3Cauthor%3EDowd+KP%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23094069%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland. kieran.dowd@ul.ie						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. Downs, H. Leonard and K. Hill	2012	Initial assessment of the StepWatch Activity Monitor to measure walking activity in Rett syndrome		Disability & Rehabilitation			34		12	1010-5						Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Initial assessment of the StepWatch Activity Monitor to measure walking activity in Rett syndrome	Disabil Rehabil	1464-5165												22107440				PURPOSE: In girls and women with Rett syndrome, we assessed the accuracy of the StepWatch Activity Monitor and investigated relationships between daily step counts, gross motor skills and age.
METHOD: Twelve subjects (age 12.9+8.0 years) participating in the Australian Rett Syndrome Database wore a StepWatch during a videoed session of activities to assess agreement with the criterion method of observation. Physical activity data were also collected over the course of 6+1 whole days. Relationships between agreement, gross motor skills, average daily step count and age were analyzed. Results: The number of steps obtained using the StepWatch was similar to that viewed on video (mean difference=0 steps per minute) and agreement did not differ with the level of general (p=0.389) or complex gross motor skills (p=0.221). Subjects were less active than their healthy peers (difference 6086 steps per day; p=0.001), and physical activity was significantly greater in those who were younger and with greater levels of motor skill.
CONCLUSIONS: The StepWatch provided accurate information on the physical activity of girls and women with Rett syndrome regardless of their level of gross motor function. Physical activity reduced with age despite the ability to walk. Advocacy for pro-active lifestyles is justified.	Downs, Jenny
Leonard, Helen
Hill, Kylie
1 R01 HD43100-01A1 (United States NICHD NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22107440http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22107440&id=doi:10.3109%2F09638288.2011.630773&issn=0963-8288&volume=34&issue=12&spage=1010&pages=1010-5&date=2012&title=Disability+%26+Rehabilitation&atitle=Initial+assessment+of+the+StepWatch+Activity+Monitor+to+measure+walking+activity+in+Rett+syndrome.&aulast=Downs&pid=%3Cauthor%3EDowns+J%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22107440%3C%2FAN%3E		School of Physiotherapy and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia. J.Downs@exchange.curtin.edu.au						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

R. Dressendorfer, B. Franklin, J. Smith, V. Hollingsworth, C. DeWitt, J. Cameron, L. Borysyk, S. Gordon and G. Timmis	1993	Early cardiac rehabilitation training heart rate based on low-level treadmill testing after myocardial infarction and before hospital discharge		J. Cardiopulm. Rehabil.			13		3	194-200								Early cardiac rehabilitation training heart rate based on low-level treadmill testing after myocardial infarction and before hospital discharge														CN-00182338				The authors determined whether aerobic exercise training at the peak heart rate (HR) achieved on low-level treadmill testing at the time of hospital discharge can improve functional capacity and measured maximum oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) in Phase II cardiac rehabilitation. Included in the study were 32 male patients recovering from uncomplicated myocardial infarction (MI), all of whom took stable doses of propranolol. Submaximal treadmill tests using a modified Bruce protocol (final stage 1.7 mph, 10% grade; 4 metabolic units (METS)) were administered 9 plus or minus 2 days after acute MI. From 30 to 63 days after MI, 17 patients were randomized to an exercise group trained at monitored HR averaging 95 plus or minus 3 beats/min, which closely matched their mean low-level test peak HR, whereas 15 control subjects performed only light activity at pulse rates averaging 79 plus or minus 5 beats/min (P < 0.01 between groups). Otherwise, the two groups were similar in age, physical characteristics, cardiac status, low-level treadmill responses, maximal treadmill duration, and VO(2max) determined 30 days after infarction. Treadmill duration was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in both groups upon reevaluation 63 days after MI. Maximum oxygen uptake increased significantly, from 19.8 plus or minus 1.0 to 23.6 plus or minus 1.3 mL/kg/min (19%, P < 0.01) in the exercise group. Maximum oxygen uptake also improved in the control group, from 19.4 plus or minus 1.2 to 21.0 plus or minus 1.1 mL/kg/min (8%), but this increase was not statistically significant. Maximum HR did not change significantly in either group. In the exercise group, peak values for HR and O2 on low-level testing, (i.e., 94 plus or minus 2 beats/min and 13.1 plus or minus 1.1 mL/kg/min, respectively) averaged 66% plus or minus 2% of VO(2max) and 70 plus or minus 3% of the maximum HR measured 30 days after MI. It was concluded that training at the low-level test peak HR before discharge was effective for improving treadmill duration and VO(2max). Completion of a submaximal treadmill protocol requiring 4 METS without symptom or sign limitations at time of hospital discharge elicits a peak HR that is valid for Phase II aerobic conditioning in patients receiving beta-blockers after MI. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B. V., Amsterdam. All Rights Reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/338/CN-00182338/frame.html										
W. Du, Z. Yuan, J. Sun, J. Tang, A. Cheng, D. Shen, C. Huang, X. Song, X. Yu and S. Zheng	2003	Therapeutic efficacy of high-dose vitamin C on acute pancreatitis and its potential mechanisms		World journal of gastroenterology			9		11	2565-9						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial;		Therapeutic efficacy of high-dose vitamin C on acute pancreatitis and its potential mechanisms								Pubmed 14606098						CN-00458761				AIM: To observe the therapeutic efficacy of high-dose Vitamin C (Vit. C) on acute pancreatitis (AP), and to explore its potential mechanisms. METHODS: Eighty-four AP patients were divided into treatment group and control group, 40 healthy subjects were taken as a normal group. In the treatment group, Vit. C (10 g/day) was given intravenously for 5 days, whereas in the control group, Vit. C (1 g/day) was given intravenously for 5 days. Symptoms, physical signs, duration of hospitalization, complications and mortality rate were monitored. Meanwhile, serum amylase, urine amylase and leukocyte counts were also determined. The concentration of plasma vitamin C (P-VC), plasma lipid peroxide (P-LPO), plasma vitamin E (P-VE), plasma beta-carotene (P-beta-CAR), whole blood glutathione (WB-GSH) and the activity of erythrocyte surperoxide dimutase (E-SOD) and erythrocyte catalase (E-CAT) as well as T lymphocyte phenotype were measured by spectrophotometry in the normal group and before and after treatment with Vit. C in the treatment and the control group. RESULTS: Compared with the normal group, the average values of P-VC, P-VE, P-beta-CAR, WB-GSH and the activity of E-SOD and E-CAT in AP patients were significantly decreased and the average value of P-LPO was significantly increased, especially in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients (P<0.05. P-VC, P=0.045; P-VE, P=0.038; P=0.041; P-beta-CAR, P=0.046; WB-GSH, P=0.039; E-SOD, P=0.019; E-CAT, P=0.020; P-LPO, P=0.038). Compared with the normal group, CD3 and CD4 positive cells in AP patients were significantly decreased. The ratio of CD4/CD8 and CD4 positive cells were decreased, especially in SAP patients (P<0.05. CD4/CD8, P=0.041; CD4, P =0.019). Fever and vomiting disappeared, and leukocyte counts and amylase in urine and blood become normal quicker in the treatment group than in the control group. Moreover, patients in treatment group also had a higher cure rate, a lower complication rate and a shorter in-ward days compared with those in he control group. After treatment, the average value of P-VC was significantly higher and the values of SIL-2R, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05 P-VC, P=0.045; SIL-2R, P=0.012; TNF-alpha, P=0.030; IL-6, P=0.015; and IL-8, P=0.043). In addition, the ratio of CD4/CD8 and CD4 positive cells in the patients of treatment group were significantly higher than that of the control group after treatment (P<0.05. CD4/CD8, P=0.039; CD4, P=0.024). CONCLUSION: High-dose vitamin C has therapeutic efficacy on acute pancreatitis. The potential mechanisms include promotion of anti-oxidizing ability of AP patients, blocking of lipid peroxidation in the plasma and improvement of cellular immune function.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/761/CN-00458761/frame.html										
N. L. Dudek, O. D. Khan, E. D. Lemaire, M. B. Marks and L. Saville	2008	Ambulation monitoring of transtibial amputation subjects with patient activity monitor versus pedometer		Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development			45		4	577-85						Comparative Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Ambulation monitoring of transtibial amputation subjects with patient activity monitor versus pedometer	J Rehabil Res Dev	1938-1352												18712643				Our study aimed to compare the accuracy of step count and ambulation distance determined with the Yamax Digi-Walker SW-700 pedometer (DW) and the Ossur patient activity monitor (PAM) in 20 transtibial amputation subjects who were functioning at the K3 Medicare Functional Classification Level. Subjects completed four simulated household tasks in an apartment setup and a gymnasium walking course designed to simulate outdoor walking without the presence of environmental barriers or varied terrain. The mean step count accuracy of the DW and the PAM was equivalent for both the household activity (75.3% vs 70.6%) and the walking course (93.8% vs 94.0%). The mean distance measurement accuracy was better with the DW than with the PAM (household activity: 72.8% vs 0%, walking course: 92.5% vs 86.3%; p < 0.05). With acceptable step count accuracy, both devices are appropriate for assessing relatively continuous ambulation. The DW may be preferred for its more accurate distance measurements. Neither device is ideal for monitoring in-home ambulation.	Dudek, Nancy L
Khan, Omar D
Lemaire, Edward D
Marks, Meridith B
Saville, Leyana		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18712643http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:18712643&id=doi:&issn=0748-7711&volume=45&issue=4&spage=577&pages=577-85&date=2008&title=Journal+of+Rehabilitation+Research+%26+Development&atitle=Ambulation+monitoring+of+transtibial+amputation+subjects+with+patient+activity+monitor+versus+pedometer.&aulast=Dudek&pid=%3Cauthor%3EDudek+NL%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E18712643%3C%2FAN%3E		Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Rehabilitation Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. ndudek@ottawahospital.on.ca						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

K. Duffy-Durnin and N. Campbell-Heider	1994	Geriatric functional assessment in acute care: a pilot project		Journal of the New York State Nurses' Association			25		3	14-9						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Geriatric functional assessment in acute care: a pilot project								Pubmed 7699476						CN-00112460				This experimental pilot project examined 33 acute care patients over age 70 to determine if length of stay, cost of stay, and functional decline during hospitalization could be reduced through early assessment. A gerontological clinical nurse specialist (GCNS), using three established instruments, scored all patients within 72 hours of admission to the study unit in relation to mental status, physical functioning, and ability to perform activities of daily living. The instruments included the (a) Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), (b) PULSES Profile, and (c) Katz Index of Activities of Daily Living (Katz ADL). The GCNS's assessments and recommendations for care were documented in patient charts. Subjects were randomly assigned to experimental or control groups. Those in the experimental group received GCNS monitoring, which included daily (except weekends) patient visits to assess newly developed problems, response to interventions, and follow-through on previous recommendations. Other patients received only the usual care. Subjects were retested prior to discharge. The differences between change scores from admission to discharge were not statistically significant. However, the GCNS observed several positive trends in medical and nursing staff practices in relation to increased staff awareness of geriatric care needs. Replication of this study using a larger sample of high-risk elderly patients is needed to further delineate the potential benefits of the unit-based model.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/460/CN-00112460/frame.html										
C. Dujovne, S. DeCoursey, P. Krehbiel, B. Jackson and S. Chernoff	1984	Serum lipids in normo- and hyperlipidemics after methyldopa and propranolol		Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics			36		2	157-62						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Serum lipids in normo- and hyperlipidemics after methyldopa and propranolol								Pubmed 6744774						CN-00035087				We report on serum lipoprotein changes after antihypertensive therapy in nine subjects with type II hyperlipoproteinemia and eight subjects with normolipidemia. They received placebo for 6 wk, followed by random order crossover between methyldopa and propranolol for 6 mo. Physical activity, diet, and other drugs were monitored for constancy. No other antihypertensive drugs were used. Doses required for normalization of blood pressure ranged between 40 to 360 mg/day for propranolol and 500 to 2500 mg/day for methyldopa. Mean blood pressure was equally lowered to normal by both drugs. Triglyceride levels increased after propranolol and after methyldopa. Subjects with normocholesterolemia developed higher serum triglyceride levels after each drug, whereas such a change did not occur in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were reduced by methyldopa only in patients with baseline hypercholesterolemia. There was no correlation between lipoprotein level changes, dose required of either drug, or propranolol blood levels. The baseline lipoprotein metabolism disorder appears more likely to determine the type of changes in serum lipoprotein levels after these antihypertensive drugs.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/087/CN-00035087/frame.html										
J. Duncan, E. Janke, A. Kozak, M. Roehrig, S. Russell, H. McFadden, A. Demott, A. Pictor, D. Hedeker and B. Spring	2011	PDA+: A Personal Digital Assistant for Obesity Treatment - an RCT testing the use of technology to enhance weight loss treatment for veterans		BMC public health			11			223						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		PDA+: A Personal Digital Assistant for Obesity Treatment - an RCT testing the use of technology to enhance weight loss treatment for veterans								Pubmed 21481253						CN-00788239				BACKGROUND: Obese adults struggle to make the changes necessary to achieve even modest weight loss, though a decrease in weight by as little as 10% can have significant health benefits. Failure to meet weight loss goals may in part be associated with barriers to obesity treatment. Wide-spread dissemination of evidence-based obesity treatment faces multiple challenges including cost, access, and implementing the programmatic characteristics on a large scale. AIMS: The PDA+: A Personal Digital Assistant for Obesity Treatment randomized controlled trial (RCT) was designed to test whether a PDA-based behavioral intervention enhances the effectiveness of the existing group weight loss treatment program at VA Medical Centers Managing Overweight/Obese Veterans Everywhere (MOVE!). We also aim to introduce technology as a way to overcome systemic barriers of traditional obesity treatment. METHODS/DESIGN: Veterans enrolled in the MOVE! group at the Hines Hospital VAMC with BMI ? 25 and ? 40 and weigh < 400 pounds, experience chronic pain (? 4 on the NRS-I scale for ? 6 months prior to enrollment) and are able to participate in a moderate intensity exercise program will be recruited and screened for eligibility. Participants will be randomized to receive either: a) MOVE! treatment alone (Standard Care) or b) Standard Care plus PDA (PDA+). Those randomized to PDA+ will record dietary intake, physical activity, and weight on the PDA. In addition, they will also record mood and pain intensity, and receive biweekly telephone support for the first 6-months of the 12-month study. All participants will attend in-person lab sessions every three months to complete questionnaires and for the collection of anthropomorphic data. Weight loss and decrease in pain level intensity are the primary outcomes. DISCUSSION: The PDA+ trial represents an important step in understanding ways to improve the use of technology in obesity treatment. The trial will address barriers to obesity care by implementing effective behavioral components of a weight loss intervention and delivering high intensity, low cost obesity treatment. This RCT also tests an intervention approach supported by handheld technology in a population traditionally considered to have lower levels of technology literacy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00371462.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/239/CN-00788239/frame.html										
M. Duncan, C. Vandelanotte, R. Rosenkranz, C. Caperchione, H. Ding, M. Ellison, E. George, C. Hooker, M. Karunanithi, G. Kolt, A. Maeder, M. Noakes, R. Tague, P. Taylor, P. Viljoen and W. Mummery	2012	Effectiveness of a website and mobile phone based physical activity and nutrition intervention for middle-aged males: trial protocol and baseline findings of the ManUp Study		BMC public health			12			656						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effectiveness of a website and mobile phone based physical activity and nutrition intervention for middle-aged males: trial protocol and baseline findings of the ManUp Study								Pubmed 22894747						CN-00841973				BACKGROUND: Compared to females, males experience higher rates of chronic disease and mortality, yet few health promotion initiatives are specifically aimed at men. Therefore, the aim of the ManUp Study is to examine the effectiveness of an IT-based intervention to increase the physical activity and nutrition behaviour and literacy in middle-aged males (aged 35-54?years). METHOD/DESIGN: The study design was a two-arm randomised controlled trial, having an IT-based (applying website and mobile phones) and a print-based intervention arm, to deliver intervention materials and to promote self-monitoring of physical activity and nutrition behaviours. Participants (n?=?317) were randomised on a 2:1 ratio in favour of the IT-based intervention arm. Both intervention arms completed assessments at baseline, 3, and 9?months. All participants completed self-report assessments of physical activity, sitting time, nutrition behaviours, physical activity and nutrition literacy, perceived health status and socio-demographic characteristics. A randomly selected sub-sample in the IT-based (n?=?61) and print-based (n?=?30) intervention arms completed objective measures of height, weight, waist circumference, and physical activity as measured by accelerometer (Actigraph GT3X). The average age of participants in the IT-based and print-based intervention arm was 44.2 and 43.8?years respectively. The majority of participants were employed in professional occupations (IT-based 57.6%, Print-based 54.2%) and were overweight or obese (IT-based 90.8%, Print-based 87.3%). At baseline a lower proportion of participants in the IT-based (70.2%) group agreed that 30?minutes of physical activity each day is enough to improve health compared to the print-based (82.3%) group (p?=?.026). The IT-based group consumed a significantly lower number of serves of red meat in the previous week, compared to the print-based group (p?=?.017). No other significant between-group differences were observed at baseline. DISCUSSION: The ManUp Study will examine the effectiveness of an IT-based approach to improve physical activity and nutrition behaviour and literacy. Study outcomes will provide much needed information on the efficacy of this approach in middle aged males, which is important due to the large proportions of males at risk, and the potential reach of IT-based interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ACTRN12611000081910.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/973/CN-00841973/frame.html										
S. Duncan, J. McPhee, P. Schluter, C. Zinn, R. Smith and G. Schofield	2012	Efficacy of a compulsory homework programme for increasing physical activity and healthy eating in children: the healthy homework pilot study		The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity			8			127						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Efficacy of a compulsory homework programme for increasing physical activity and healthy eating in children: the healthy homework pilot study								Pubmed 22085440						CN-00814239				BACKGROUND: Most physical activity and nutrition interventions in children focus on the school setting; however, evidence suggests that children are less active and have greater access to unhealthy food at home. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the efficacy of a compulsory homework programme for increasing physical activity and healthy eating in children. METHODS: The six-week 'Healthy Homework' programme and complementary teaching resource was developed under the guidance of an intersectoral steering group. Eight senior classes (year levels 5-6) from two diverse Auckland primary schools were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. A total of 97 children (57 intervention, 40 control) aged 9-11 years participated in the evaluation of the intervention. Daily step counts were monitored immediately before and after the intervention using sealed multiday memory pedometers. Screen time, sports participation, active transport to and from school, and the consumption of fruits, vegetables, unhealthy foods and drinks were recorded concurrently in a 4-day food and activity diary. RESULTS: Healthy Homework resulted in a significant intervention effect of 2,830 steps.day-1 (95% CI: 560, 5,300, P = 0.013). This effect was consistent between sexes, schools, and day types (weekdays and weekend days). In addition, significant intervention effects were observed for vegetable consumption (0.83 servings.day-1, 95% CI: 0.24, 1.43, P = 0.007) and unhealthy food consumption (-0.56 servings.day-1, 95% CI: -1.05, -0.07, P = 0.027) on weekends but not weekdays, with no interactions with sex or school. Effects for all other variables were not statistically significant regardless of day type. CONCLUSIONS: Compulsory health-related homework appears to be an effective approach for increasing physical activity and improving vegetable and unhealthy food consumption in children. Further research in a larger study is required to confirm these initial results.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/239/CN-00814239/frame.html										
A. Dutta, R. Kobetic and R. J. Triolo	2011	An objective method for selecting command sources for myoelectrically triggered lower-limb neuroprostheses		Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development			48		8	935-48						Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		An objective method for selecting command sources for myoelectrically triggered lower-limb neuroprostheses	J Rehabil Res Dev	1938-1352												22068372				Functional electrical stimulation (FES) facilitates ambulatory function after paralysis of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) by exciting the peripheral motor nerves to activate the muscles of the lower limbs. This study identified a process for selecting command sources for triggering FES with the surface electromyogram (EMG) from muscles partially paralyzed by incomplete SCI, given its high degree of intersubject variability. We found Discriminability Index (DI) to be a good metric to evaluate the potential of controlling FES-assisted ambulation in four nondisabled volunteers and two participants with incomplete paralysis. The left erector spinae (ES) (mean DI = 0.87) for triggering the left step and the right ES (mean DI = 0.83) for triggering the right step were the best command sources for participant 1. The left ES (mean DI = 0.93) for triggering the left step and the right medial gastrocnemius (mean DI = 0.88) for triggering the right step were the best command sources for participant 2. Our results showed that command sources can be selected objectively from surface EMG before a fully implantable EMG-triggered FES system for walking is implemented.	Dutta, Anirban
Kobetic, Rudi
Triolo, Ronald J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22068372http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22068372&id=doi:&issn=0748-7711&volume=48&issue=8&spage=935&pages=935-48&date=2011&title=Journal+of+Rehabilitation+Research+%26+Development&atitle=An+objective+method+for+selecting+command+sources+for+myoelectrically+triggered+lower-limb+neuroprostheses.&aulast=Dutta&pid=%3Cauthor%3EDutta+A%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22068372%3C%2FAN%3E		Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Motion Study Laboratory, Cleveland, OH, USA. adutta@ieee.org						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. DuVall, M. Dinger, E. Taylor and D. Bemben	2004	Minimal-contact physical activity interventions in women: a pilot study		American journal of health behavior			28		3	280-6						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Minimal-contact physical activity interventions in women: a pilot study								Pubmed 15152887						CN-00467904				OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of 3 minimal-contact lifestyle interventions on physical activity in women. METHODS: Fifty female volunteers were randomly assigned to one of 3 lifestyle physical activity interventions for 8 weeks. Subjects wore an accelerometer for a week at baseline and postintervention to objectively monitor their physical activity. RESULTS: Participants significantly increased their physical activity from baseline to postintervention; however, there was no significant difference in physical activity among the 3 intervention groups. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this pilot study support the use of minimal-contact lifestyle interventions to promote physical activity in women.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/904/CN-00467904/frame.html										
W. Duvall, L. Croft, E. Ginsberg, A. Einstein, K. Guma, T. George and M. Henzlova	2011	Reduced isotope dose and imaging time with a high-efficiency CZT SPECT camera		Journal of nuclear cardiology			18		5	847-57						Journal: Article		Reduced isotope dose and imaging time with a high-efficiency CZT SPECT camera														CN-00889703				Background. In light of recent focus on diagnostic imaging, cardiac SPECT imaging needs to become a shorter test with lower radiation exposure to patients. Recently introduced Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) cameras have the potential to achieve both goals. Methods. During a 2-month period patients presenting for a Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT MPI study were imaged using a CZT camera using a low-dose rest-stress protocol (5 mCi rest and 15 mCi stress doses). Patients >250 lbs or a BMI >35 kg/m<sup>2</sup> were excluded. Rest images were processed at 5- and 8-minute acquisition times and stress images at 3- and 5-minute acquisition times. A subset of patients had stress imaging performed using both conventional and CZT SPECT cameras. Image acquisition times and SPECT camera images were compared based on total counts, count rate, image quality, and summed rest and stress scores. Twelve month clinical follow-up was also obtained. Results. 131 patients underwent the study protocol (age 64.9 + 9.8 years, 54.2% male). There was no significant difference in image quality and mean summed scores between 5- and 8- minute rest images and between 3- and 5-minute stress images. When compared to a conventional SPECT camera in 27 patients, total rest and stress perfusion deficits and calculated LVEF were similar (r 5 0.94 and 0.96, respectively). At 12 months there was a benign prognosis in patients with normal perfusion. The effective dose was 5.8 mSv for this protocol which is 49.2% less than conventional Tc-99m studies and 75.7% less than conventional Tl-201/Tc- 99m dual isotope studies. Conclusions. New SPECT camera technology with low isotope dose significantly reduces ionizing radiation exposure and imaging times compared to traditional protocols while maintaining image quality and diagnostic accuracy. (J Nucl Cardiol 2011;18:847-57.) 2011 American Society of Nuclear Cardiology.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/703/CN-00889703/frame.html										
B. M. Duvivier, N. C. Schaper, M. A. Bremers, G. van Crombrugge, P. P. Menheere, M. Kars and H. H. Savelberg	2013	Minimal intensity physical activity (standing and walking) of longer duration improves insulin action and plasma lipids more than shorter periods of moderate to vigorous exercise (cycling) in sedentary subjects when energy expenditure is comparable		PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource]			8		2	e55542						Randomized Controlled Trial		Minimal intensity physical activity (standing and walking) of longer duration improves insulin action and plasma lipids more than shorter periods of moderate to vigorous exercise (cycling) in sedentary subjects when energy expenditure is comparable	PLoS ONE	1932-6203					PMC3572053							23418444				BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies suggest that excessive sitting time is associated with increased health risk, independent of the performance of exercise. We hypothesized that a daily bout of exercise cannot compensate the negative effects of inactivity during the rest of the day on insulin sensitivity and plasma lipids.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Eighteen healthy subjects, age 21+2 year, BMI 22.6+2.6 kgm(-2) followed randomly three physical activity regimes for four days. Participants were instructed to sit 14 hr/day (sitting regime); to sit 13 hr/day and to substitute 1 hr of sitting with vigorous exercise 1 hr (exercise regime); to substitute 6 hrs sitting with 4 hr walking and 2 hr standing (minimal intensity physical activity (PA) regime). The sitting and exercise regime had comparable numbers of sitting hours; the exercise and minimal intensity PA regime had the same daily energy expenditure. PA was assessed continuously by an activity monitor (ActivPAL) and a diary. Measurements of insulin sensitivity (oral glucose tolerance test, OGTT) and plasma lipids were performed in the fasting state, the morning after the 4 days of each regime. In the sitting regime, daily energy expenditure was about 500 kcal lower than in both other regimes. Area under the curve for insulin during OGTT was significantly lower after the minimal intensity PA regime compared to both sitting and exercise regimes 6727.3+4329.4 vs 7752.0+3014.4 and 8320.4+5383.7 mU*min/ml, respectively. Triglycerides, non-HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B plasma levels improved significantly in the minimal intensity PA regime compared to sitting and showed non-significant trends for improvement compared to exercise.
CONCLUSIONS: One hour of daily physical exercise cannot compensate the negative effects of inactivity on insulin level and plasma lipids if the rest of the day is spent sitting. Reducing inactivity by increasing the time spent walking/standing is more effective than one hour of physical exercise, when energy expenditure is kept constant.	Duvivier, Bernard M F M
Schaper, Nicolaas C
Bremers, Michelle A
van Crombrugge, Glenn
Menheere, Paul P C A
Kars, Marleen
Savelberg, Hans H C M		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23418444http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23418444&id=doi:10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0055542&issn=1932-6203&volume=8&issue=2&spage=e55542&pages=e55542&date=2013&title=PLoS+ONE+%5BElectronic+Resource%5D&atitle=Minimal+intensity+physical+activity+%28standing+and+walking%29+of+longer+duration+improves+insulin+action+and+plasma+lipids+more+than+shorter+periods+of+moderate+to+vigorous+exercise+%28cycling%29+in+sedentary+subjects+when+energy+expenditure+is+comparable.&aulast=Duvivier&pid=%3Cauthor%3EDuvivier+BM%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23418444%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

B. Duvivier, N. Schaper, M. Bremers, G. Crombrugge, P. Menheere, M. Kars and H. Savelberg	2013	Minimal intensity physical activity (standing and walking) of longer duration improves insulin action and plasma lipids more than shorter periods of moderate to vigorous exercise (cycling) in sedentary subjects when energy expenditure is comparable		PloS one			8		2	e55542						Randomized Controlled Trial		Minimal intensity physical activity (standing and walking) of longer duration improves insulin action and plasma lipids more than shorter periods of moderate to vigorous exercise (cycling) in sedentary subjects when energy expenditure is comparable								Pubmed 23418444						CN-00965325				BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies suggest that excessive sitting time is associated with increased health risk, independent of the performance of exercise. We hypothesized that a daily bout of exercise cannot compensate the negative effects of inactivity during the rest of the day on insulin sensitivity and plasma lipids. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Eighteen healthy subjects, age 21±2 year, BMI 22.6±2.6 kgm(-2) followed randomly three physical activity regimes for four days. Participants were instructed to sit 14 hr/day (sitting regime); to sit 13 hr/day and to substitute 1 hr of sitting with vigorous exercise 1 hr (exercise regime); to substitute 6 hrs sitting with 4 hr walking and 2 hr standing (minimal intensity physical activity (PA) regime). The sitting and exercise regime had comparable numbers of sitting hours; the exercise and minimal intensity PA regime had the same daily energy expenditure. PA was assessed continuously by an activity monitor (ActivPAL) and a diary. Measurements of insulin sensitivity (oral glucose tolerance test, OGTT) and plasma lipids were performed in the fasting state, the morning after the 4 days of each regime. In the sitting regime, daily energy expenditure was about 500 kcal lower than in both other regimes. Area under the curve for insulin during OGTT was significantly lower after the minimal intensity PA regime compared to both sitting and exercise regimes 6727.3±4329.4 vs 7752.0±3014.4 and 8320.4±5383.7 mU?min/ml, respectively. Triglycerides, non-HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B plasma levels improved significantly in the minimal intensity PA regime compared to sitting and showed non-significant trends for improvement compared to exercise. CONCLUSIONS: One hour of daily physical exercise cannot compensate the negative effects of inactivity on insulin level and plasma lipids if the rest of the day is spent sitting. Reducing inactivity by increasing the time spent walking/standing is more effective than one hour of physical exercise, when energy expenditure is kept constant.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/325/CN-00965325/frame.html										
R. Dwyer, I. Rampil, E. Eger and H. Bennett	1994	The electroencephalogram does not predict depth of isoflurane anesthesia		Anesthesiology			81		2	403-9						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The electroencephalogram does not predict depth of isoflurane anesthesia								Pubmed 8053591						CN-00103495				BACKGROUND: The power spectrum of the electroencephalogram (EEG) may be analyzed to provide quantitative measures of EEG activity (e.g., spectral edge, which defines the highest EEG frequency at which significant activity is found). The current study tested the hypothesis that spectral edge and similar measures distinguish different functional depths of anesthesia in humans. METHODS: Three groups were studied. Group 1 consisted of 34 surgical patients (ASA physical status 1 or 2) who received 0.6, 1.0 and 1.4 MAC isoflurane anesthesia. A subgroup (group 2) of group 1 was tested during 1.0 MAC isoflurane anesthesia at surgical incision. Group 3 consisted of 16 volunteers who listened to an audiotape while receiving 0.15, 0.3, and 0.45 MAC isoflurane or 0.3, 0.45, and 0.6 MAC nitrous oxide in oxygen. The audiotape contained information designed to test implicit and explicit memory formation. We tested the ability of six EEG parameters (spectral-edge, 95th percentile power frequency, median power, and zero crossing frequencies and total power in the alpha- [8-13 Hz] and delta- [< 4 Hz] power ranges) to predict movement after surgical incision, purposeful response to command, or memory of information presented during anesthetic administration. RESULTS: Isoflurane decreased EEG activity in group 1 in a dose-related fashion. The 55% of group 2 who made purposeful movements in response to incision did not differ in their EEG from nonresponders (e.g., spectral edge 19.8 +/- 3.1 vs. 19.3 +/- 2.6 Hz, mean +/- SD). In group 3, memory of the information presented did not correlate with values of any EEG parameter. Response to verbal command was associated with lower anesthetic concentrations and with smaller alpha- and delta-band power (298 +/- 66 vs. 401 +/- 80 watts; and 75 +/- 20 vs. 121 +/- 49 watts, mean +/- SD), but there was no difference in values for other parameters. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that our EEG measures do not predict depth of anesthesia as defined by the response to surgical incision, the response to verbal command or the development of memory.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/495/CN-00103495/frame.html										
T. J. Dwyer, J. A. Alison, Z. J. McKeough, M. R. Elkins and P. T. Bye	2009	Evaluation of the SenseWear activity monitor during exercise in cystic fibrosis and in health		Respiratory Medicine			103		10	1511-7					Oct	Comparative Study
Evaluation Studies		Evaluation of the SenseWear activity monitor during exercise in cystic fibrosis and in health	Respir Med	1532-3064												19464863				OBJECTIVE: Determine the SenseWear Pro3 Armband (SWA) accuracy for estimating energy expenditure (EE) and step count during treadmill walking in cystic fibrosis (CF) compared to healthy adults.
HYPOTHESIS: SWA estimation of EE would be less accurate for CF, than for healthy subjects, due to interference with the SWA skin sensors caused by the high salt concentration in the sweat of CF subjects.
METHODS: 17 CF (mean age 26 yr; FEV1 54% predicted) and 17 age-matched control subjects walked slightly faster than their comfortable pace on a treadmill for 20 min, whilst simultaneously wearing the SWA and breathing through an open-circuit indirect calorimetry (IC) system. Subjects' steps were manually counted.
RESULTS: Combined EE data from all subjects showed no significant difference in EE measured by IC (6.0+/-3.4 kcal min(-1)) compared to the SWA estimate (6.3+/-2.5 kcal min(-1)), however the SWA significantly overestimated EE at low exercise intensities and underestimated EE at high exercise intensities. Correlations between EE values, estimated by the SWA and measured by IC, were greater than 0.85 (p<0.001) for both the CF and control group. Standard multiple regression showed that diagnosis of CF independently predicted less than 0.1% of the difference between the IC measure of EE and the SWA estimate. The SWA recorded slightly but significantly fewer steps (113+/-12 steps min(-1)) than the manual count (119+/-9 steps min(-1)).
CONCLUSION: Diagnosis of CF had no significant negative impact on the accuracy of the SWA estimate of EE. The SWA provided a reasonably accurate estimate of EE and step count during treadmill walking.	Dwyer, Tiffany Jane
Alison, Jennifer Ailsey
McKeough, Zoe Jane
Elkins, Mark Russell
Bye, Peter Thomas Patrick		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19464863http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19464863&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.rmed.2009.04.013&issn=0954-6111&volume=103&issue=10&spage=1511&pages=1511-7&date=2009&title=Respiratory+Medicine&atitle=Evaluation+of+the+SenseWear+activity+monitor+during+exercise+in+cystic+fibrosis+and+in+health.&aulast=Dwyer&pid=%3Cauthor%3EDwyer+TJ%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19464863%3C%2FAN%3E		Discipline of Physiotherapy, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. tdwyer@med.usyd.edu.au						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

E. Eakin, M. Reeves, A. Marshall, D. Dunstan, N. Graves, G. Healy, J. Bleier, A. Barnett, T. O'Moore-Sullivan, A. Russell and K. Wilkie	2010	Living Well with Diabetes: a randomized controlled trial of a telephone-delivered intervention for maintenance of weight loss, physical activity and glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes		BMC public health			10			452						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Living Well with Diabetes: a randomized controlled trial of a telephone-delivered intervention for maintenance of weight loss, physical activity and glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes								Pubmed 20678233						CN-00770098				BACKGROUND: By 2025, it is estimated that approximately 1.8 million Australian adults (approximately 8.4% of the adult population) will have diabetes, with the majority having type 2 diabetes. Weight management via improved physical activity and diet is the cornerstone of type 2 diabetes management. However, the majority of weight loss trials in diabetes have evaluated short-term, intensive clinic-based interventions that, while producing short-term outcomes, have failed to address issues of maintenance and broad population reach. Telephone-delivered interventions have the potential to address these gaps. METHODS/DESIGN: Using a two-arm randomised controlled design, this study will evaluate an 18-month, telephone-delivered, behavioural weight loss intervention focussing on physical activity, diet and behavioural therapy, versus usual care, with follow-up at 24 months. Three-hundred adult participants, aged 20-75 years, with type 2 diabetes, will be recruited from 10 general practices via electronic medical records search. The Social-Cognitive Theory driven intervention involves a six-month intensive phase (4 weekly calls and 11 fortnightly calls) and a 12-month maintenance phase (one call per month). Primary outcomes, assessed at 6, 18 and 24 months, are: weight loss, physical activity, and glycaemic control (HbA1c), with weight loss and physical activity also measured at 12 months. Incremental cost-effectiveness will also be examined. Study recruitment began in February 2009, with final data collection expected by February 2013. DISCUSSION: This is the first study to evaluate the telephone as the primary method of delivering a behavioural weight loss intervention in type 2 diabetes. The evaluation of maintenance outcomes (6 months following the end of intervention), the use of accelerometers to objectively measure physical activity, and the inclusion of a cost-effectiveness analysis will advance the science of broad reach approaches to weight control and health behaviour change, and will build the evidence base needed to advocate for the translation of this work into population health practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ACTRN12608000203358.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/098/CN-00770098/frame.html										
C. Egan, B. M. Deering, C. Blake, B. M. Fullen, N. M. McCormack, M. A. Spruit and R. W. Costello	2012	Short term and long term effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on physical activity in COPD		Respiratory Medicine			106		12	1671-9					Dec	Clinical Trial		Short term and long term effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on physical activity in COPD	Respir Med	1532-3064												23063203				UNLABELLED: The central purpose of pulmonary rehabilitation is to reduce morbidity by improving functional capacity through exercise. It is still unknown if improvements in functional capacity are maintained in the long-term and if this leads to increased physical activity levels as measured by a free-living activity monitor. The hypothesis of this study was that pulmonary rehabilitation would lead to a sustained increase in standard outcome measures and in daily physical activity.
METHODS: A prospective study of 47 subjects with COPD was performed, registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Clinical Trial Number NCT 0112943). The primary outcome was a maintained improvement in standard outcome measures with a secondary aim of an increase in daily physical activity. A convenient sample of the cohort (n = 17) was re-evaluated at a third time point at 1 year.
RESULTS: A seven week hospital based outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program led to a significant reduction in total energy expenditure (p < 0.044) and breathlessness (Borg, p < 0.011) and improved exercise capacity (ISWT, p > 0.001, 6MWT, p > 0.002) PiMax (p > 0.007) and quality of life scores (SGRQ, p > 0.001, EQ5D, 0.025). However, pulmonary rehabilitation did not significantly change the average number of daily steps taken, time spent sedentary activity, METs consumed or daily physical activity. Indeed, all of the standard and freeliving values had returned towards the baseline value at 1 year.
DISCUSSION: These findings show that while pulmonary rehabilitation increased exercise capacity this was not transmitted into increased daily physical activity. Hence, alternative methods to alter/affect behavioural change need to be addressed. Copyright 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Egan, Claire
Deering, Brenda M
Blake, Catherine
Fullen, Brona M
McCormack, Niamh M
Spruit, Martijn A
Costello, Richard W
S0954-6111(12)00312-5		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23063203http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23063203&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.rmed.2012.08.016&issn=0954-6111&volume=106&issue=12&spage=1671&pages=1671-9&date=2012&title=Respiratory+Medicine&atitle=Short+term+and+long+term+effects+of+pulmonary+rehabilitation+on+physical+activity+in+COPD.&aulast=Egan&pid=%3Cauthor%3EEgan+C%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23063203%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

U. Ekelund, P. Tingstrom, K. Kamwendo, M. Krantz, E. Nylander, M. Sjostrom and B. Bergdahl	2002	The validity of the Computer Science and Applications activity monitor for use in coronary artery disease patients during level walking		Clinical Physiology & Functional Imaging			22		4	248-53					Jul	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Validation Studies		The validity of the Computer Science and Applications activity monitor for use in coronary artery disease patients during level walking	Clin Physiol Funct Imaging	1475-0961												12402446				The principal aim of the present study was to examine the validity of the Computer Science and Applications (CSA) activity monitor during level walking in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. As a secondary aim, we evaluated the usefulness of two previously published energy expenditure (EE) prediction equations. Thirty-four subjects (29 men and five women), all with diagnosed CAD, volunteered to participate. Oxygen uptake (VO2) was measured by indirect calorimetry during walking on a motorized treadmill at three different speeds (3.2, 4.8 and 6.4 km h-1). Physical activity was measured simultaneously using the CSA activity monitor, secured directly to the skin on the lower back (i.e. lumbar vertebrae 4-5) with an elastic belt. The mean (+/- SD) activity counts were 1208 +/- 429, 3258 +/- 753 and 5351 +/- 876 counts min-1, at the three speeds, respectively (P < 0.001). Activity counts were significantly correlated to speed (r = 0.92; P < 0.001), VO2 (ml kg-1 min-1; r = 0.87; P < 0.001) and EE (kcal min-1; r = 0.85, P < 0.001). A stepwise linear regression analysis showed that activity counts and body weight together explained 75% of the variation in EE. Predicted EE from previously published equations differed significantly when used in this group of CAD patients. In conclusion, the CSA activity monitor is a valid instrument for assessing the intensity of physical activity during treadmill walking in CAD patients. Energy expenditure can be predicted from body weight and activity counts.	Ekelund, Ulf
Tingstrom, Pia
Kamwendo, Kitty
Krantz, Monica
Nylander, Eva
Sjostrom, Michael
Bergdahl, Bjorn		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12402446http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:12402446&id=doi:&issn=1475-0961&volume=22&issue=4&spage=248&pages=248-53&date=2002&title=Clinical+Physiology+%26+Functional+Imaging&atitle=The+validity+of+the+Computer+Science+and+Applications+activity+monitor+for+use+in+coronary+artery+disease+patients+during+level+walking.&aulast=Ekelund&pid=%3Cauthor%3EEkelund+U%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E12402446%3C%2FAN%3E		Unit of Preventive Nutrition, Department of Medical Nutrition/Biosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. ulf.ekelund@ioh.oru.se						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

U. Ekelund, A. Yngve, M. Sjostrom and K. Westerterp	2000	Field evaluation of the Computer Science and Application's Inc. Activity monitor during running and skating training in adolescent athletes		International Journal of Sports Medicine			21		8	586-92					Nov	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Validation Studies		Field evaluation of the Computer Science and Application's Inc. Activity monitor during running and skating training in adolescent athletes	Int J Sports Med	0172-4622												11156280				This study investigated the validity of the CSA activity monitor for assessment of the total amount of physical activity in adolescent athletes. Activity data were compared to data on daily energy expenditure and its derivatives measured by the doubly labeled water method. Seven athletes (speed skaters) with a mean age of 18.2+/-1.1 y were monitored twice (off-season and pre-season) by the activity monitor for eight consecutive days. The primary training during the off-season period was running whereas the pre-season period mainly involved skate training (i.e. inline skating, slideboard training, and skating imitations). Activity counts were significantly correlated to all energy estimates during the off-season period (r=0.93-0.96; P<0.01) whereas not during the pre-season period (r=0.32-0.57). A two-way multivariate analysis of variance showed a significant period effect for activity counts (668+/-163 vs. 548+/-91; P=0.026) whereas not for total daily energy expenditure (15.7+/-2.1 MJ x d(-1) vs. 16.0+/-1.0 MJ x d(-1); P=0.71). The relationship between activity counts and total daily energy expenditure seems to be affected by different training conditions. Therefore these circumstances have to be carefully considered in the interpretation of activity monitor data.	Ekelund, U
Yngve, A
Sjostrom, M
Westerterp, K		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11156280http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:11156280&id=doi:&issn=0172-4622&volume=21&issue=8&spage=586&pages=586-92&date=2000&title=International+Journal+of+Sports+Medicine&atitle=Field+evaluation+of+the+Computer+Science+and+Application%27s+Inc.+Activity+monitor+during+running+and+skating+training+in+adolescent+athletes.&aulast=Ekelund&pid=%3Cauthor%3EEkelund+U%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E11156280%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. ulf.ekelund@ioh.oru.se						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. el-Sayed	1993	Fibrinolytic and hemostatic parameter response after resistance exercise		Medicine and science in sports and exercise			25		5	597-602						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Fibrinolytic and hemostatic parameter response after resistance exercise								Pubmed 8492688						CN-00093151				These experiments were designed to study the effect of resistance exercise on parameters pertinent to the hemostatic and fibrinolytic systems. Seven normal healthy subjects (6 male, 1 female, 25 +/- 3 yr mean SD) were studied under three conditions: control (C) [no exercise], high volume resistance exercise (HVRE), and low volume resistance exercise (LVRE), which were randomized for each subject, with 7 d separating tests. Both HVRE and LVRE trials encompassed the performance of five sets of nine exercises. After establishing one repetition maximum (1 RM), the HVRE involved the performance of moderate resistance, higher repetition, and shorter resting periods, whereas LVRE involved the use of high resistance, lower repetition, and longer resting intervals. Heart rate (HR) was monitored at rest and continuously during trials and venous blood was removed with minimum stasis, before and immediately after HVRE, LVRE, and before and after 38 min of supine rest (C). The blood was enzymatically analyzed for lactic acid (LA) and assayed using chromogenic substrates for the determination of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), and Factor VIII (FVIII) activities. Global fibrinolysis (GF) was also screened in the fibrin plate and hematocrit ratios were employed to calculate percent plasma volume changes. Values were corrected for changes in plasma volume then data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. There were no significant (P > 0.05) changes in the parameters measured in the resting condition over the three testing occasions and no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed during the control experiment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/151/CN-00093151/frame.html										
R. Elbers, E. E. van Wegen, L. Rochester, V. Hetherington, A. Nieuwboer, A. M. Willems, D. Jones and G. Kwakkel	2009	Is impact of fatigue an independent factor associated with physical activity in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease?		Movement Disorders			24		10	1512-8					Jul 30	Multicenter Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Is impact of fatigue an independent factor associated with physical activity in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease?	Mov Disord	1531-8257												19514069				To investigate the longitudinal association between fatigue and physical activity in Parkinson's disease (PD) and determine whether this association is distorted by potential confounders. Data from baseline, 3, 6, and 12 week assessments in a single blind randomized clinical trial with cross-over design were used (N = 153). The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) was used to assess fatigue and an activity monitor to measure amount of physical activity (defined as % dynamic activity during each monitoring session). Time-independent and time-dependent factors were investigated for their possible univariate association with dynamic activity. Random coefficient analysis was applied. Candidate confounders were successively added to the longitudinal association model to determine if the association between dynamic activity and fatigue was distorted. A proportional change beyond 15% was considered to be significant. Fatigue was significantly associated with physical activity (beta = -0.099, SE = 0.032, P = 0.002). This association was not significantly distorted by type of intervention, age, gender, social support, disease duration, disease severity, motor impairment, cognition, anxiety, or medication intake. Depression caused proportional change of 22.2% in the regression coefficient of MFI. After controlling for depression, a significant association between MFI and dynamic activity remained (beta = -0.121, SE = 0.036, P = 0.000). The association found between fatigue and dynamic activity suggests that patients who experience higher levels of fatigue are less physically active. However, the total explained variance of dynamic activity by fatigue alone was small, suggesting that fatigue is only a minor factor in the complex of behavioral aspects that affect the amount of physical activity in patients with PD. Copyright 2009 Movement Disorder Society.	Elbers, Roy
van Wegen, Erwin E H
Rochester, Lynn
Hetherington, Victoria
Nieuwboer, Alice
Willems, Anne-Marie
Jones, Diana
Kwakkel, Gert		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19514069http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19514069&id=doi:10.1002%2Fmds.22664&issn=0885-3185&volume=24&issue=10&spage=1512&pages=1512-8&date=2009&title=Movement+Disorders&atitle=Is+impact+of+fatigue+an+independent+factor+associated+with+physical+activity+in+patients+with+idiopathic+Parkinson%27s+disease%3F.&aulast=Elbers&pid=%3Cauthor%3EElbers+R%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19514069%3C%2FAN%3E		University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Department of Physiotherapy, Leiden, The Netherlands.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

R. Elbers, E. Wegen, L. Rochester, V. Hetherington, A. Nieuwboer, A. Willems, D. Jones and G. Kwakkel	2009	Is impact of fatigue an independent factor associated with physical activity in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease?		Movement disorders			24		10	1512-8						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Is impact of fatigue an independent factor associated with physical activity in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease?								Pubmed 19514069						CN-00723013				To investigate the longitudinal association between fatigue and physical activity in Parkinson's disease (PD) and determine whether this association is distorted by potential confounders. Data from baseline, 3, 6, and 12 week assessments in a single blind randomized clinical trial with cross-over design were used (N = 153). The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) was used to assess fatigue and an activity monitor to measure amount of physical activity (defined as % dynamic activity during each monitoring session). Time-independent and time-dependent factors were investigated for their possible univariate association with dynamic activity. Random coefficient analysis was applied. Candidate confounders were successively added to the longitudinal association model to determine if the association between dynamic activity and fatigue was distorted. A proportional change beyond 15% was considered to be significant. Fatigue was significantly associated with physical activity (beta = -0.099, SE = 0.032, P = 0.002). This association was not significantly distorted by type of intervention, age, gender, social support, disease duration, disease severity, motor impairment, cognition, anxiety, or medication intake. Depression caused proportional change of 22.2% in the regression coefficient of MFI. After controlling for depression, a significant association between MFI and dynamic activity remained (beta = -0.121, SE = 0.036, P = 0.000). The association found between fatigue and dynamic activity suggests that patients who experience higher levels of fatigue are less physically active. However, the total explained variance of dynamic activity by fatigue alone was small, suggesting that fatigue is only a minor factor in the complex of behavioral aspects that affect the amount of physical activity in patients with PD.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/013/CN-00723013/frame.html										
D. Eliot	1996	Electromyography of levator scapulae: new findings allow tests of a head stabilization model		Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics			19		1	19-25						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Electromyography of levator scapulae: new findings allow tests of a head stabilization model								Pubmed 8903697						CN-00133076				OBJECTIVE: Understanding the recruitment patterns of shoulder girdle prime-mover muscles will allow meaningful exploration of non-prime-mover neck muscle activity during arm and shoulder efforts. This study identifies exercises that isolate recruitment of levator scapulae from recruitment of upper trapezius. The exercises will be used for electromyographic experiments in which the head stabilizing roles of other neck muscles will be explored. DESIGN: Right levator scapulae and upper trapezius were electromyographically monitored with indwelling, fine-wire, bipolar electrodes. Subjects performed isometric arm exercises and movements of the upper limb, shoulder and head. SETTING: Electromyography facilities of the department of Anatomical Sciences of the State University of New York at Stony Brook were used. PARTICIPANTS: Six adult subjects participated; one had reduced shoulder girdle mobility and a history of multiple shoulder separations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Raw electromyographic data were scored visually on a scale from 0 to 4, with 4 being the signal observed in a maximal voluntary contraction. RESULTS: All subjects recruited levator scapulae alone during arm extension. Only the subject with reduced shoulder mobility recruited levator scapulae during scapular plane arm elevation and arm abduction. CONCLUSIONS: The levator scapulae torque to be counteracted in arm extension produces ipsilateral rotation, lateral flexion and extension of the neck; trapezius rotates the head contralaterally during scapular plane arm elevation. These distinct and relatively simple cases (one shoulder girdle prime-mover affecting head posture at a time) are appropriate exercises for experimental exploration of the recruitment patterns of potential head stabilizers during arm/shoulder efforts.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/076/CN-00133076/frame.html										
D. Ellard, S. Taylor, S. Parsons and M. Thorogood	2011	The OPERA trial: a protocol for the process evaluation of a randomised trial of an exercise intervention for older people in residential and nursing accommodation		Trials			12			28						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The OPERA trial: a protocol for the process evaluation of a randomised trial of an exercise intervention for older people in residential and nursing accommodation								Pubmed 21288341						CN-00778362				BACKGROUND: The OPERA trial is large cluster randomised trial testing a physical activity intervention to address depression amongst people living in nursing and residential homes for older people. A process evaluation was commissioned alongside the trial and we report the protocol for this process evaluation. Challenges included the cognitive and physical ability of the participants, the need to respect the privacy of all home residents, including study non-participants, and the physical structure of the homes. Evaluation activity had to be organised around the structured timetable of homes, leaving limited opportunities for data collection. The aims of this process evaluation are to provide findings that will assist in the interpretation of the clinical trial results, and to inform potential implementation of the physical activity intervention on a wider scale. METHODS/DESIGN: Quantitative data on recruitment of homes and individuals is being collected. For homes in the intervention arm, data on dose and fidelity of the intervention delivered; including individual rates of participation in exercise classes are collected. In the control homes, uptake and delivery of depression awareness training is monitored. These data will be combined with qualitative data from an in-depth study of a purposive sample of eight homes (six intervention and two control). DISCUSSION: Although process evaluations are increasingly funded alongside trials, it is still rare to see the findings published, and even rarer to see the protocol for such an evaluation published. Process evaluations have the potential to assist in interpreting and understanding trial results as well as informing future roll-outs of interventions. If such evaluations are funded they should also be reported and reviewed in a similar way to the trial outcome evaluation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN No: ISRCTN43769277.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/362/CN-00778362/frame.html										
T. Ellis, J. T. Cavanaugh, G. M. Earhart, M. P. Ford, K. B. Foreman, L. Fredman, J. K. Boudreau and L. E. Dibble	2011	Factors associated with exercise behavior in people with Parkinson disease		Physical Therapy			91		12	1838-48					Dec	Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Factors associated with exercise behavior in people with Parkinson disease	Phys Ther	1538-6724					PMC3229047							22003171				BACKGROUND: The benefits of exercise for reducing disability in people with Parkinson disease (PD) are becoming more evident. Optimal benefit, however, requires regular and sustained participation. Factors associated with engaging in regular exercise have received little scientific scrutiny in people with PD.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore factors associated with exercise behavior in patients with PD using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a guiding framework.
DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study.
METHODS: The participants in this study were 260 patients with PD from 4 institutions. Participants were designated as "exercisers" or "nonexercisers" based on responses to the Stages of Readiness to Exercise Questionnaire. Exercise status was validated using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly and an activity monitor. Factors potentially associated with exercise behavior included measures of body structure and function, activity, participation, environmental factors, and personal factors. Their relative contributions were analyzed using logistic regression and quantified with odds ratios.
RESULTS: One hundred sixty-four participants (63%) were designated as exercisers. Participants with high self-efficacy were more than twice as likely to engage in regular exercise than those with low self-efficacy (adjusted odds ratio=2.34, 95% confidence interval=1.30-4.23). College educated and older participants also were more likely to exercise. Disabling influences of impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions were not associated with exercise behavior.
LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional nature of the study limited the ability to make causal inferences.
CONCLUSIONS: Self-efficacy, rather than disability, appears to be strongly associated with whether ambulatory, community-dwelling people with PD exercise regularly. The results of this study suggest that physical therapists should include strategies to increase exercise self-efficacy when designing patient intervention programs for patients with PD.	Ellis, Terry
Cavanaugh, James T
Earhart, Gammon M
Ford, Matthew P
Foreman, K Bo
Fredman, Lisa
Boudreau, Jennifer K
Dibble, Leland E
HD43444 (United States NICHD NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22003171http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22003171&id=doi:10.2522%2Fptj.20100390&issn=0031-9023&volume=91&issue=12&spage=1838&pages=1838-48&date=2011&title=Physical+Therapy&atitle=Factors+associated+with+exercise+behavior+in+people+with+Parkinson+disease.&aulast=Ellis&pid=%3Cauthor%3EEllis+T%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22003171%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA. tellis@bu.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

T. Ellis, J. T. Cavanaugh, G. M. Earhart, M. P. Ford, K. B. Foreman, L. Fredman, J. K. Boudreau and L. E. Dibble	2011	Factors Associated With Exercise Behavior in People With Parkinson Disease		Physical Therapy			91		12	1838-1848								Factors Associated With Exercise Behavior in People With Parkinson Disease		0031-9023												2011420626. Language: English. Entry Date: 20120127. Revision Date: 20130920. Publication Type: journal article				Background. The benefits of exercise for reducing disability in people with Parkinson disease (PD) are becoming more evident. Optimal benefit, however, requires regular and sustained participation. Factors associated with engaging in regular exercise have received little scientific scrutiny in people with PD. Objective. The purpose of this study was to explore factors associated with exercise behavior in patients with PD using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a guiding framework. Design. This was a cross-sectional study. Methods. The participants in this study were 260 patients with PD from 4 institutions. Participants were designated as "exercisers" or "non-exercisers" based on responses to the Stages of Readiness to Exercise Questionnaire. Exercise status was validated using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly and an activity monitor. Factors potentially associated with exercise behavior included measures of body structure and function, activity, participation, environmental factors, and personal factors. Their relative contributions were analyzed using logistic regression and quantified with odds ratios. Results. One hundred sixty-four participants (63%) were designated as exercisers. Participants with high self-efficacy were more than twice as likely to engage in regular exercise than those with low self-efficacy (adjusted odds ratio=2.34, 95% confidence interval=1.30-4.23). College educated and older participants also were more likely to exercise. Disabling influences of impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions were not associated with exercise behavior. Limitations. The cross-sectional nature of the study limited the ability to make causal inferences. Conclusions. Self-efficacy, rather than disability, appears to be strongly associated with whether ambulatory, community-dwelling people with PD exercise regularly. The results of this study suggest that physical therapists should include strategies to increase exercise self-efficacy when designing patient intervention programs for patients with PD.	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Physical Therapy. Instrumentation: Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS); Berg Balance Scale; Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT); Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS); Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE); Stages of Readiness to Exercise Questionnaire; Parkinson¿s Disease Questionnaire- 39 (PDQ-39); Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) Scale. Grant Information: Funding for this project was provided by the Davis Phinney Foundation, the Parkinson Disease Foundation, and an NIH K12 Building Interdisciplinary Research in Women’s Health grant (HD43444).. No. of Refs: 63 ref. NLM UID: 0022623.
PMID: 22003171		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2011420626&site=ehost-live		Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215
Department of Physical Therapy, University of New England, Portland, Maine
Program in Physical Therapy, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
Department of Physical Therapy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
Boston University Neurologic Physical Therapy Residency Program in Collaboration with Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Department of Physical Therapy, University of Utah						rzh	EBSCOhost	
M. Engardt, T. Ribbe and E. Olsson	1993	Vertical ground reaction force feedback to enhance stroke patients' symmetrical body-weight distribution while rising/sitting down		Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine			25		1	41-8						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Vertical ground reaction force feedback to enhance stroke patients' symmetrical body-weight distribution while rising/sitting down								Pubmed 8465164						CN-00092190				A force platform with an auditory output consisting of two electronic balances was used to reinforce symmetrical body-weight distribution in stroke patients. Forty patients randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group practised rising and sitting down for 15 min, thrice daily, 5 days a week for 6 weeks. The experimental group but not the control group received ground reaction force feedback through the auditory output. Vertical ground reaction forces under each foot were measured with two force plates. Mean difference in improvement of body weight distribution on the paretic leg was 13.2 +/- 10.7 (M, SD) per cent total body weight in the experimental group and 5.1 +/- 6.7 per cent in the control group in rising (p < 0.01) and 12.7 +/- 7.5 per cent total body weight and 4.6 +/- 6.6 per cent in sitting down tests (p < 0.001). The patients in the experimental group achieved in average close to a symmetrical body-weight distribution while rising and sitting down. Improvements in physical performance and sit-stand tests were greater in the experimental group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). No differences were seen in improvement in performance of activities of daily living. Symmetry in body-weight distribution in rising and sitting down correlated with high scores in physical performance, motor function in rising, and with functional ability.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/190/CN-00092190/frame.html										
C. Engst, R. Chhokar, D. Robinson, A. Earthy, R. B. Tate and A. Yassi	2004	Implementation of a scheduled toileting program in a long term care facility: evaluating the impact on injury risk to caregiving staff		AAOHN journal			52		10	427-35								Implementation of a scheduled toileting program in a long term care facility: evaluating the impact on injury risk to caregiving staff														CN-00690529				This study evaluated the impact of a scheduled toileting program on the risk of injury to caregivers and on resident agitation or aggressive behaviors. Injury data, ergonomic assessments, staff questionnaires, and resident agitation checklists were used to evaluate the program in a 75 bed unit, with a similar unit acting as a comparison. The program resulted in an increased percentage of residents toileted regularly in the intervention unit, while aggressive incidents declined in both groups. Staff in the intervention unit reported a significantly lower perceived risk of injury to the head and neck than the comparison group. Although the program resulted in increased workload to manage multitasking, monitor an additional aspect of scheduled care, and perform more toileting transfers, overall risk of physical injury was reduced. The toileting program, a shift toward resident focused care, and enhanced agitation awareness combined to reduce resident handling injuries and resident agitation expressed as verbal behaviors or emotional upset, but not as physical behaviors. Clear communication, mentoring, and monitoring were important for successfully changing care practices			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/529/CN-00690529/frame.html										
S. Epperlein, A. Kreft, V. Seigert, A. Liebrich, E. Himmrich and N. Treese	1996	DDD- versus DDDR-pacemaker stimulation - Comparative assessment of cardiopulmonary exercise capacity, atrial arrhythmias and quality-of-life. <ORIGINAL> DDD- VERSUS DDDR-SCHRITTMACHERSTIMULATION: VERGLEICH DER KARDIOPULMONALEN LEISTUNGSFAHIGKEIT, DER HAUFIGKEIT VON VORHOFARRHYTHMIEN UND DER LEBENSQUALITAT		Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie			85		4	226-36								DDD- versus DDDR-pacemaker stimulation - Comparative assessment of cardiopulmonary exercise capacity, atrial arrhythmias and quality-of-life. <ORIGINAL> DDD- VERSUS DDDR-SCHRITTMACHERSTIMULATION: VERGLEICH DER KARDIOPULMONALEN LEISTUNGSFAHIGKEIT, DER HAUFIGKEIT VON VORHOFARRHYTHMIEN UND DER LEBENSQUALITAT														CN-00183994				The purpose of this study was to assess cardiopulmonary exercise capacity, variation in heart rate during everyday activities, frequency of atrial arrhythmias and quality-of-life during accelerometer-based rate modulated dual-chamber pacing. Nine chronotropically incompetent and 14 chronotropically competent patients (mean age 51 years) were randomly assigned to DDD and DDDR mode and evaluated by a semisupine bicycle exercise testing exceeding the anaerobic threshold, 24-h Holter monitoring and a quality-of-life questionnaire. In the subgroup of patients with chronotropic incompetence, defined by a HR/VO2-ratio < 2 beats/ml/kg, during DDDR pacing, compared to DDD, maximum heart rate increased from 83 plus or minus 13 to 132 plus or minus 7 beats/min (p < 0.01), maximum oxygen uptake from 12.7 plus or minus 3.1 to 15.3 plus or minus 3.2 ml/kg/min (p < 0.05) and the VO2/WR-ratio from 8.1 plus or minus 1.0 to 9.0 plus or minus 0.9 ml/min/watts (p < 0.05). Exercise duration lengthened from 252 plus or minus 59 to 301 plus or minus 96 s (p < 0.05). During the 24-h Holter recordings the average maximum heart rate rose from 69 plus or minus 7 in the DDD mode to 78 plus or minus 9 beats/min in the DDDR mode significantly (p < 0.05). DDDR pacing did not result in an increased number of atrial salvos (2.6 atrial events/24 h) when compared to DDD pacing (2.5 atrial events/24 h, N.S.). These objective results were confirmed by the quality-of-life assessment due to a symptom questionnaire. The symptom score declined from 20 plus or minus 10 in the DDD mode to 16 plus or minus 7 in the DDDR mode (p < 0.01). In the patients with chronotropic competence, however, cardiopulmonary exercise capacity did not improve in the DDDR mode: maximum heart rate was 120 plus or minus 21 versus 130 plus or minus 24 beats/min (N.S.), maximum oxygen uptake 17.7 plus or minus 5.9 versus 16.8 plus or minus 5.9 ml/kg/min (N.S.), the VO2/WR-ratio 9.8 plus or minus 2.3 versus 9.2 plus or minus 2.5 ml/min/watts (N.S.) and the exercise duration 407 plus or minus 159 versus 406 plus or minus 165 s (N.S.). The average maximum heart rate was 80 plus or minus 15 in the DDD mode and 83 plus or minus 16 beats/min in the DDDR mode (N.S.). Significantly more atrial arrhythmias occurred in the DDDR pacing mode: 1.6 atrial salvos per 24 h in the DDD mode versus 4.8 atrial salvos per 24 h in the DDDR mode (p < 0.05). This patient subgroup experienced a significant worsening of his quality-of-life. The symptom score rose from 20 plus or minus 9 in the DDD mode to 28 plus or minus 11 in the DDDR mode (p < 0.05). In conclusion, DDDR pacing improved cardiopulmonary exercise capacity, normalized heart rate variation over 24 h and increased quality-of-life in patients with chronotropic incompetence. On the contrary, since the DDDR pacing mode could not improve cardiopulmonary exercise capacity, increased atrial arrhythmias and worsened the patient's quality-of-life, patients with chronotropic competence should not be programmed in the DDDR pacing mode. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B. V., Amsterdam. All Rights Reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/994/CN-00183994/frame.html										
S. Epperlein, A. Kreft, V. Siegert, A. Liebrich, E. Himmrich and N. Treese	1996	[DDD versus DDDR pacemaker stimulation: comparison of cardiopulmonary performance, incidence of atrial arrhythmias and quality of life]		Zeitschrift für Kardiologie			85		4	226-36						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; English Abstract; Randomized Controlled Trial		[DDD versus DDDR pacemaker stimulation: comparison of cardiopulmonary performance, incidence of atrial arrhythmias and quality of life]								Pubmed 8693765						CN-00125711				The purpose of this study was to assess cardiopulmonary exercise capacity, variation in heart rate during everyday activities, frequency of atrial arrhythmias and quality-of-life during accelerometer-based rate modulated dual-chamber pacing. Nine chronotropically incompetent and 14 chronotropically competent patients (mean age 51 years) were randomly assigned to DDD and DDDR mode and evaluated by a semisupine bicycle exercise testing exceeding the anaerobic threshold, 24-h Holter monitoring and a quality-of-life questionnaire. In the subgroup of patients with chronotropic incompetence, defined by a HR/VO2-ration, 2 beats/ml/kg, during DDDR pacing, compared to DDD, maximum heart rate increased from 83 +/- 13 to 132 +/- 7 beats/min (p < 0.01), maximum oxygen uptake from 12.7 +/- 3.1 to 15.3 +/- 3.2 ml/kg/min ( p < 0.05) and the VO2/WR-ratio from 8.1 +/- 1.0 to 9.0 +/- 0.9 ml/min/watts (p < 0.05). Exercise duration lengthened from 252 +/- 59 to 301 +/- 96 s (p < 0.05). During the 24-h Holter recordings the average maximum heart rate rose form 69 +/- 7 in the DDD mode to 78 +/- 9 beats/min in the DDDR mode significantly (p < 0.05). DDDR pacing did not result in an increased number of atrial salvos (2.6 atrial events/24 h) when compared to DDD pacing (2.5 atrial events/24 h, N.S.). These objective results were confirmed by the quality-of life assessment due to a symptom questionnaire. The symptom score declined from 20 +/- 10 in the DDD mode to 16 +/- 7 in the DDDR mode (p < 0.01). In the patients with chronotropic competence, however, cardiopulmonary exercise capacity did not improve in the DDDR mode: maximum heart rate was 120 +/- 21 versus 130 +/- 24 beats/min (N.S.), maximum oxygen uptake 17.7 +/- 5.9 versus 16.8 +/- 5.9 ml/kg/min (N.S.), The VO2/WR-ratio 9.8 +/- 2.3 versus 9.2 +/- 2.5 ml/min/watts (N.S.) and the exercise duration 407 +/- 159 versus 406 +/- 165 s (N.S.). The average maximum heart rate was 80 +/- 15 in the DDD mode and 83 +/- 16 beats/min in the DDDR mode (N.S.). Significantly more atrial arrhythmias occurred in the DDDR pacing mode: 1.6 atrial salvos per 24 h in the DDD mode versus 4.8 atrial salvos per 24 h in the DDDR mode (p < 0.05). This patient subgroup experienced a significant worsening of his quality-of-life. The symptom score rose from 20 +/- 9 in the DDD mode to 28 +/- 11 in the DDDR mode (p < 0.05). In conclusion, DDDR pacing improved cardiopulmonary exercise capacity, normalized heart rate variation over 24 h and increased quality-of-life in patients with chronotropic incompetence. On the contrary, since the DDDR pacing more could not improve cardiopulmonary exercise capacity, increased atrial arrhythmias and worsened the patient's quality-of-life, patients with chronotropic competence should not be programmed in the DDDR pacing mode.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/711/CN-00125711/frame.html										
L. Epstein, J. Roemmich, J. Robinson, R. Paluch, D. Winiewicz, J. Fuerch and T. Robinson	2008	A randomized trial of the effects of reducing television viewing and computer use on body mass index in young children		Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine			162		3	239-45						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		A randomized trial of the effects of reducing television viewing and computer use on body mass index in young children								Pubmed 18316661						CN-00630606				OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of reducing television viewing and computer use on children's body mass index (BMI) as a risk factor for the development of overweight in young children. DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical trial. SETTING: University children's hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Seventy children aged 4 to 7 years whose BMI was at or above the 75th BMI percentile for age and sex. INTERVENTIONS: Children were randomized to an intervention to reduce their television viewing and computer use by 50% vs a monitoring control group that did not reduce television viewing or computer use. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age- and sex-standardized BMI (zBMI), television viewing, energy intake, and physical activity were monitored every 6 months during 2 years. RESULTS: Children randomized to the intervention group showed greater reductions in targeted sedentary behavior (P < .001), zBMI (P < .05), and energy intake (P < .05) compared with the monitoring control group. Socioeconomic status moderated zBMI change (P = .01), with the experimental intervention working better among families of low socioeconomic status. Changes in targeted sedentary behavior mediated changes in zBMI (P < .05). The change in television viewing was related to the change in energy intake (P < .001) but not to the change in physical activity (P =.37). CONCLUSIONS: Reducing television viewing and computer use may have an important role in preventing obesity and in lowering BMI in young children, and these changes may be related more to changes in energy intake than to changes in physical activity.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/606/CN-00630606/frame.html										
L. Epstein, A. Valoski, R. Wing and J. McCurley	1994	Ten-year outcomes of behavioral family-based treatment for childhood obesity		Health psychology			13		5	373-83						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Ten-year outcomes of behavioral family-based treatment for childhood obesity								Pubmed 7805631						CN-00108588				We report 10-year treatment outcomes for obese children in 4 randomized treatment studies. At 10 years, 34% decreased percentage overweight by 20% or more, and 30% were not obese. Significant effects were observed when parents and children were targeted and reinforced for weight loss in comparison with nontargeted controls and for children given lifestyle or aerobic exercise in comparison with a calisthenics control. Thirty-four percent of the variance in change in percentage overweight was predicted from sex, baseline percentage overweight, self-monitoring weight, meals eaten at home, and family and friends' support for eating and exercise. Results show long-term changes in children depend on the treatment, and evidence converges on the importance of the family and other sources of support for eating and activity change.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/588/CN-00108588/frame.html										
J. Erikssen, A. Rollag and J. Otterstad	1988	A new water-soluble, selective beta-blocker with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ICI 141.292) in angina pectoris		Acta medica Scandinavica			223		1	35-43						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		A new water-soluble, selective beta-blocker with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ICI 141.292) in angina pectoris								Pubmed 2894747						CN-00052734				In a placebo-controlled, randomized double-blind study the effect of ICI 141.292 (beta 1-selective beta-blocker with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity = ISA) was studied in 11 patients with severe angina pectoris. The doses used were 100, 200 and 300 mg once daily. The 24-hour heart rate was significantly reduced by all regimens, and the Holter-monitoring pattern indicated the presence of ISA-effect at least 20 hours after the 300-mg dose. Maximal heart rate and blood pressure were significantly reduced and exercise duration increased during a symptom-limited bicycle exercise test on 200 and 300 mg, but not on 100 mg daily. Resting heart rate and blood pressure were uninfluenced on all regimens. ICI 141.292 is an effective agent in patients with severe angina pectoris. The response pattern suggests the presence of clinically relevant ISA.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/734/CN-00052734/frame.html										
R. Estruch, E. Sacanella, F. Mota, G. Chiva-Blanch, E. Antúnez, E. Casals, R. Deulofeu, D. Rotilio, C. Andres-Lacueva, R. Lamuela-Raventos, G. Gaetano and A. Urbano-Marquez	2011	Moderate consumption of red wine, but not gin, decreases erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity: a randomised cross-over trial		Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD			21		1	46-53						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Moderate consumption of red wine, but not gin, decreases erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity: a randomised cross-over trial								Pubmed 19819677						CN-00781851				BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Several studies have shown that moderate alcohol consumption reduces the risk of coronary heart disease, a disease related to oxidative stress. However, the effects of different alcoholic beverages on antioxidant status are not fully known. Our aim was therefore to compare the effects of a moderate intake of an alcoholic beverage with high polyphenol content (red wine) and another without polyphenol content (gin) on plasma antioxidant vitamins, lipid profile and oxidability of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty healthy men (mean age, 38 years) were included in a randomised cross-over trial. After a 15-day washout period, subjects received 30 g/ethanol/d as either wine or gin for 28 days. Diet and exercise were monitored. Before and after each intervention, we measured serum vitamins, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activities, lipid profile, oxidized LDL and LDL resistance to ex-vivo oxidative stress. Compared to gin intervention, wine intake reduced plasma SOD activity [-8.1 U/gHb (95% confidence interval, CI, -138 to -25; P=0.009)] and MDA levels [-11.9 nmol/L (CI, -21.4 to-2.5; P=0.020)]. Lag phase time of LDL oxidation analysis also increased 11.0 min (CI, 1.2-20.8; P=0.032) after wine, compared to gin, whereas no differences were observed between the two interventions in oxidation rate of LDL particles. Peroxide concentration in LDL particles also decreased after wine [-0.18 nmol/mL (CI, -0.3 to-0.08;P=0.020)], as did plasma oxidized LDL concentrations [-11.0 U/L (CI,-17.3 to -6.1; P=0.009)]. CONCLUSION: Compared to gin, red wine intake has greater antioxidant effects, probably due to its high polyphenolic content.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/851/CN-00781851/frame.html										
F. Eugster-Buesch, E. Bruin, E. Boltshauser, M. Steinlin, C. Küenzle, E. Müller, A. Capone, R. Pfann and A. Meyer-Heim	2012	Forced-use therapy for children with cerebral palsy in the community setting: a single-blinded randomized controlled pilot trial		Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicine			5		2	65-74						Journal: Article		Forced-use therapy for children with cerebral palsy in the community setting: a single-blinded randomized controlled pilot trial								Pubmed 22699097						CN-00904258				OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to elucidate the feasibility, efficacy, and sustainability of a home-based, two-week, forced-use therapy (FUT) program for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: A single-blinded, randomized controlled design was chosen. The Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function (MA) was carried out at baseline, pretest, post-test, and follow-up at two weeks, three months, and 12 months. Additionally, a questionnaire was used to evaluate the clinical relevance and integration of FUT in the home setting. 23 children, ages six to 16 years, took part in the study and were randomized into either an intervention group (n=12, mean age 9.8 ± 3.5 years) or a control group ($n=$ 11, mean age 11.7 ± 3.7 years). The intervention consisted of constraint of the unaffected hand for six hours per day and promotion of different activities of daily living according to an age-related manual for the use of the non-constraint hand. RESULTS: Unpaired t-tests for the change in MA scores relative to the pre-test values showed no difference between the groups at any time point: post-test (p=0.304), two weeks (p=0.193), or three months (p=0.957). Improvements in Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) assessed by questionnaires were observed by 64% of parents of the intervention group. Fifty-five percent of parents stated that the FUT program was exhausting and only 45% indicated that they achieved constraint for 6 hours per day. CONCLUSION: Our results evaluating a home-based FUT program of 14 days show no statistically significant improvement of upper extremity function in children with CP. The lack of compliance and absence of structured exercises proved to be considerable pitfalls of the home-based FUT program. Therefore, future home based FUT concepts should put special emphasis on the close monitoring and support of children and their families, as well as the integration of structured exercise sessions.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/258/CN-00904258/frame.html										
R. Evans, H. Fawole, S. Sheriff, P. Dall, P. Grant and C. Ryan	2012	Point-of-choice prompts to reduce sitting time at work: A randomized trial		American Journal of Preventive Medicine			43		3	293-297								Point-of-choice prompts to reduce sitting time at work: A randomized trial														CN-00902839				Background: Prolonged sitting is prevalent in the workplace and is associated with adverse health markers. Purpose: Investigate the effects of point-of-choice (PoC) prompting software, on the computer used at work (PC), to reduce long uninterrupted sedentary periods and total sedentary time at work. Design: Assessor-blinded, parallel group, active-controlled randomized trial. Setting/participants: A convenience sample of office workers from Glasgow, United Kingdom. Data were collected April to June 2010, and analyzed October 2010 to June 2011. Intervention: The education group (n=14) received a brief education session on the importance of reducing long sitting periods at work. The PoC group (n=14) received the same education along with prompting software on their PC for 5 workdays, which reminded them to stand up every 30 minutes. Main outcome measures: Sitting time was measured objectively using the activPAL activity monitor for 5 workdays at baseline and 5 workdays during the intervention. The number and time spent sitting in events >30 minutes' duration were the main outcome measures. Results: At baseline, participants spent 5.7+/-1.0 hours/day (76%+/-9%) of their time at work sitting. Of that time, 3.3+/-1.3 hours/day was spent sitting in 3.7+/-1.4 events >30 minutes. There was a significant difference between the groups in the change (intervention to baseline) of both the number (ANCOVA; -6.8%, p=0.014) and duration (-15.5%, p=0.007) of sitting events >30 minutes. During the intervention, compared with baseline, the PoC group reduced the number (paired t-test; -0.11 events/hour, p=0.045) and duration (-12.2%, p=0.035) of sitting events >30 minutes. However, there was no significant difference in total sitting time between groups (-4.4%, p=0.084). Conclusions: Point-of-choice prompting software on work computers recommending taking a break from sitting plus education is superior to education alone in reducing long uninterrupted sedentary periods at work. Trial registration: This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01628861. 2012 American Journal of Preventive Medicine.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/839/CN-00902839/frame.html										
W. Evans	1997	Functional and metabolic consequences of sarcopenia		Journal of nutrition			127		5 Suppl	998s-1003s						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Review		Functional and metabolic consequences of sarcopenia								Pubmed 9164283						CN-00332960				The capacity of older men and women to adapt to regularly performed exercise has been demonstrated by many laboratories. Aerobic exercise results in improvements in functional capacity and reduced risk of developing type II diabetes in the elderly. High intensity resistance training (above 60% of the 1 repetition maximum) causes large increases in strength in the elderly, and resistance training significant increases muscle size. Resistance training also significantly increases energy requirements and insulin action of the elderly. We recently demonstrated that resistance training has a positive effect on multiple risk factors for osteoporotic fractures in previously sedentary post-menopausal women. Because the sedentary lifestyle of individuals in a long-term care facility may exacerbate losses of muscle function, we applied this same training program to frail, institutionalized elderly men and women. In a population of 100 nursing home residents, a randomly assigned high intensity strength training program resulted in significant gains in strength and functional status. In addition, spontaneous activity, measured by activity monitors, increased significantly in those participating in the exercise program; there was no change in the sedentary control group. Before the strength training intervention, the relationship of whole-body potassium and leg strength was relatively weak (r2 = 0.29, P < 0.001), indicating that in very old persons muscle mass is an important but not the only determiner of functional status. Thus exercise may minimize or reverse the syndrome of physical frailty prevalent among very old individuals. Because of their low functional status and high incidence of chronic disease, there is no segment of the population that can benefit more from exercise training than the elderly.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/960/CN-00332960/frame.html										
W. Evans	1995	Effects of exercise on body composition and functional capacity of the elderly		Journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences			50 Spec No			147-50						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Review		Effects of exercise on body composition and functional capacity of the elderly								Pubmed 7493209						CN-00120295				The capacity of older men and women to adapt to regularly performed exercise has been demonstrated by many laboratories. Aerobic exercise results in improvements in functional capacity and reduced risk of developing type II diabetes in the elderly. High-intensity resistance training (above 60% of the 1 repetition maximum) has been demonstrated to cause large increases in strength in the elderly. In addition, resistance training results in significant increases in muscle size in elderly men and women. Resistance training has also been shown to significantly increase energy requirements and insulin action of the elderly. We have recently demonstrated that resistance training has a positive effect on multiple risk factors for osteoporotic fractures in previously sedentary post-menopausal women. Since the sedentary lifestyle of a long-term care facility may exacerbate losses of muscle function, we have applied this same training program to frail, institutionalized elderly men and women. In a population of 100 nursing home residents, a randomly assigned high-intensity strength training program resulted in significant gains in strength and functional status. In addition, spontaneous activity, measured by activity monitors, increased significantly in those participating in the exercise program, while there was no change in the sedentary control group. The fact that significant muscle hypertrophy was seen in this population indicates that age does not decrease the capacity to adapt to a progressive resistance training program. Therefore, exercise may minimize or reverse the syndrome of physical frailty which is so prevalent among the oldest old.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/295/CN-00120295/frame.html										
W. Evans	1999	Exercise training guidelines for the elderly		Medicine and science in sports and exercise			31		1	12-7						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Exercise training guidelines for the elderly								Pubmed 9927004						CN-00159333				UNLABELLED: The capacity of older men and women to adapt to increased levels of physical activity is preserved, even in the most elderly. Aerobic exercise results in improvements in functional capacity and reduced risk of developing Type II diabetes in the elderly. High-intensity resistance training (above 60% of the one repetition maximum) has been demonstrated to cause large increases in strength in the elderly. In addition, resistance training result in significant increases in muscle size in elderly men and women. Resistance training has also been shown to significantly increase energy requirements and insulin action of the elderly. PURPOSE: We have recently demonstrated that resistance training has a positive effect on multiple risk factors for osteoporotic fracture in previously sedentary postmenopausal women. METHODS: Because the sedentary lifestyle of a long-term care facility may exacerbate losses of muscle function, we have applied this same training program to frail, institutionalized elderly men and women. RESULTS: In a population of 100 nursing home residents, a randomly assigned high-intensity strength-training program resulted in significant gains in strength and functional status. In addition, spontaneous activity, measured by activity monitors, increased significantly in those participating in the exercise program whereas there was no change in the sedentary control group. Before the strength training intervention, the relationship of whole body potassium and leg strength was seen to be relatively weak (r2 = 0.29, P < 0.001), indicating that in the very old, muscle mass is an important but not the only determining factor of functional status. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, exercise may minimize or reverse the syndrome of physical frailty, which is so prevalent among the most elderly. Because of their low functional status and high incidence of chronic disease, there is no segment of the population that can benefit more from exercise than the elderly.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/333/CN-00159333/frame.html										
E. L. Eyre, J. P. Fisher, E. C. Smith, A. J. Wagenmakers and K. A. Matyka	2013	Ethnicity and long-term heart rate variability in children		Archives of Disease in Childhood			98		4	292-8					Apr	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Ethnicity and long-term heart rate variability in children	Arch Dis Child	1468-2044												23444234				BACKGROUND: Low heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. South Asians are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
METHODS: This cross-sectional, observational study compared long-term HRV between South Asian and White European (EU) children. 155 children (92 White EU, 63 South Asian) aged 8+1 years wore a combined heart rate and activity monitor for 7 days. From 24-h beat-to-beat heart rate recordings, long-term HRV was calculated as the SD of the average RR intervals in each 5 min period (SDANN). Physical activity, daily energy expenditure, percentage body fat and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) were calculated using published or commercial algorithms.
RESULTS: SDANN was significantly lower during the 24-h period in South Asian compared with White EU children (113+27 vs 130+28 ms, p<0.01, mean+SD) and during sleep (44+12 vs 54+16 ms, p<0.01, mean+SD). Ethnic differences in HRV were associated with lower levels of physical activity, daily energy expenditure, VO2max, and higher percentage body fat and resting heart rate, in South Asian children. Ethnic differences in HRV persisted despite statistical adjustment for these factors. SDANN was significantly lower in girls, but sex differences were no longer apparent when VO2max, physical activity and energy expenditure were statistically controlled for.
CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm that South Asian children have lower HRV and reveal the novel information that the reduction is partially independent of physical activity and aerobic fitness.	Eyre, Emma L J
Fisher, James P
Smith, Elaine C
Wagenmakers, Anton J M
Matyka, Krystyna A
PG/05/086 (United Kingdom British Heart Foundation)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23444234http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23444234&id=doi:10.1136%2Farchdischild-2012-302266&issn=0003-9888&volume=98&issue=4&spage=292&pages=292-8&date=2013&title=Archives+of+Disease+in+Childhood&atitle=Ethnicity+and+long-term+heart+rate+variability+in+children.&aulast=Eyre&pid=%3Cauthor%3EEyre+EL%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23444234%3C%2FAN%3E		Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University Hospital, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

E. L. J. Eyre, J. P. Fisher, E. C. Smith, A. J. M. Wagenmakers and K. A. Matyka	2013	Ethnicity and long-term heart rate variability in children		Archives of Disease in Childhood			98		4	292-298								Ethnicity and long-term heart rate variability in children		0003-9888												2012046063. Language: English. Entry Date: 20130517. Revision Date: 20130517. Publication Type: journal article				BACKGROUND: Low heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. South Asians are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. METHODS: This cross-sectional, observational study compared long-term HRV between South Asian and White European (EU) children. 155 children (92 White EU, 63 South Asian) aged 8±1 years wore a combined heart rate and activity monitor for 7 days. From 24-h beat-to-beat heart rate recordings, long-term HRV was calculated as the SD of the average RR intervals in each 5 min period (SDANN). Physical activity, daily energy expenditure, percentage body fat and maximal oxygen consumption (VO) were calculated using published or commercial algorithms. RESULTS: SDANN was significantly lower during the 24-h period in South Asian compared with White EU children (113±27 vs 130±28 ms, p<0.01, mean±SD) and during sleep (44±12 vs 54±16 ms, p<0.01, mean±SD). Ethnic differences in HRV were associated with lower levels of physical activity, daily energy expenditure, VO, and higher percentage body fat and resting heart rate, in South Asian children. Ethnic differences in HRV persisted despite statistical adjustment for these factors. SDANN was significantly lower in girls, but sex differences were no longer apparent when VO, physical activity and energy expenditure were statistically controlled for. CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm that South Asian children have lower HRV and reveal the novel information that the reduction is partially independent of physical activity and aerobic fitness.	research. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; Online/Print; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. Special Interest: Pediatric Care. NLM UID: 0372434. Email: k.a.matyka@warwick.ac.uk.
PMID: 23444234		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2012046063&site=ehost-live		Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University Hospital, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK						rzh	EBSCOhost	
S. Faerestrand, K. Breivik and O. Ohm	1987	Assessment of the work capacity and relationship between rate response and exercise tolerance associated with activity-sensing rate-responsive ventricular pacing		Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE			10		6	1277-90						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Assessment of the work capacity and relationship between rate response and exercise tolerance associated with activity-sensing rate-responsive ventricular pacing								Pubmed 2446275						CN-00051128				The relationship between rate response and exercise tolerance was studied by measuring the symptom-limited maximum treadmill time (MTT)both during fixed rate VVI pacing and during VVI + activity mode pacing (RRP) in 15 patients (mean age, 73 years) who had received rate-responsive ventricular pacemakers. Their indications were atrioventricular block, sino-atrial block, and atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular response. Basic rate was programmed to 60 ppm in both pacing modes; rate response and activity threshold were programmed to 5 and medium, respectively. The order in which the two pacing modes were tested was randomly determined. The MTT was, on average, 29% longer in RRP than in VVI mode with a mean of 12 minutes in VVI and 14.8 minutes in RRP (p less than 0.001). For the subgroup of eight patients with paced-only rhythm the average increase in MTT was 38% with a mean of 9.5 minutes in VVI and 12.8 minutes in RRP (p less than 0.01). Seven patients who showed episodes of spontaneous rhythm, increased their average MTT by 17% (mean in VVI, 14.9 minutes; in RRP, 17.1 minutes; p less than 0.02). During RRP, a significant positive correlation existed between MTT and the increase in heart rate (N = 15; r = 0.83; p less than 0.001). In 12 patients with paced-only rhythm, the pacing rate remained at the programmed basic rate when the patients were lying, sitting, and standing and increased to 86 +/- 4 ppm during casual walking, and to 101 +/- 4 ppm during jumping up and down with the pacemaker programmed to the above-mentioned parameters. The maximum pacing rate during jumping corresponded with the maximum pacing rates measured from Holter recordings during normal daily activities.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/128/CN-00051128/frame.html										
R. Fagard and L. Vanhees	2012	Twenty-four hour blood pressure after exercise in patients with coronary artery disease		Journal of human hypertension			14		4	231-4						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Twenty-four hour blood pressure after exercise in patients with coronary artery disease								Pubmed 10805047						CN-00296681				The objective was to assess the influence of a cardiac rehabilitation training session on blood pressure measured shortly after exercise and during the subsequent 24 h in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Blood pressure was measured conventionally and by use of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in seven men, mean age 53+/-8 (s.d.) years, after participation in a cardiac rehabilitation session and, in randomised order, on a non-exercise control day. Conventional blood pressure averaged 112+/-7/77+/-5 mm Hg in the sitting position on the control day and was not different at the same time of the day shortly after the patients had participated in a cardiac rehabilitation training session. Standing systolic pressure was lower by 7.8+/-4.3 mm Hg (P < 0.005) after exercise compared to the control situation, but this was not associated with orthostatic symptoms. However, ambulatory monitoring showed no differences in blood pressure with the non-exercise day during the subsequent 24-h period. In conclusion, standing but not sitting blood pressure was slightly lower shortly after a cardiac rehabilitation session, but the postexercise orthostatic hypotension was not sustained during normal activities of daily living.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/681/CN-00296681/frame.html										
S. Fairclough and G. Stratton	2005	Improving health-enhancing physical activity in girls' physical education		Health education research			20		4	448-57						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Improving health-enhancing physical activity in girls' physical education								Pubmed 15590711						CN-00520845				This study examined the effectiveness of an intervention to increase levels of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) during girls' physical education lessons. Two Year 7 classes (age 11-12 years) were randomly appointed to control and experimental groups. Both followed the same six-lesson unit of gymnastics with identical lesson objectives. The experimental class teacher included the additional objective of increasing MVPA during each lesson. MVPA was assessed in all six lessons using heart rate (HR) monitoring and systematic observation. After each lesson, students' intrinsic motivation and perceived competence were assessed, and the teachers evaluated whether they had met planned objectives. The experimental group engaged in more MVPA [F(1, 21) = 8.49, P = 0.008 (HR), t8 = -2.35, P = 0.048 (observation)] than the control group and also had most opportunities for skill practice (t8 = -2.81, P = 0.023). Intrinsic motivation and perceived competence levels were similar between the groups for each lesson, and teachers reported that lesson objectives were satisfactorily achieved. This intervention succeeded in increasing MVPA without compromising intrinsic motivation, perceived competence or planned lesson objectives.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/845/CN-00520845/frame.html										
A. Farmer, A. Wade, D. French, J. Simon, P. Yudkin, A. Gray, A. Craven, L. Goyder, R. Holman, D. Mant, A. Kinmonth and H. Neil	2009	Blood glucose self-monitoring in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial		Health technology assessment (Winchester, England)			13		15	iii-iv, ix-xi, 1-50						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Blood glucose self-monitoring in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial								Pubmed 19254484						CN-00705270				OBJECTIVES: To determine whether self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), either alone or with additional instruction in incorporating the results into self-care, is more effective than usual care in improving glycaemic control in non-insulin-treated diabetes. DESIGN: An open, parallel group randomised controlled trial. SETTING: 24 general practices in Oxfordshire and 24 in South Yorkshire, UK. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes, aged > or = 25 years and with glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) > or = 6.2%. INTERVENTIONS: A total of 453 patients were individually randomised to one of: (1) standardised usual care with 3-monthly HbA1c (control, n = 152); (2) blood glucose self-testing with patient training focused on clinician interpretation of results in addition to usual care (less intensive self-monitoring, n = 150); (3) SMBG with additional training of patients in interpretation and application of the results to enhance motivation and maintain adherence to a healthy lifestyle (more intensive self-monitoring, n = 151). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was HBA1c at 12 months, and an intention-to-treat analysis, including all patients, was undertaken. Blood pressure, lipids, episodes of hypoglycaemia and quality of life, measured with the EuroQol 5 dimensions (EQ-5D), were secondary measures. An economic analysis was also carried out, and questionnaires were used to measure well-being, beliefs about use of SMBG and self-reports of medication taking, dietary and physical activities, and health-care resource use. RESULTS: The differences in 12-month HbA1c between the three groups (adjusted for baseline HbA1c) were not statistically significant (p = 0.12). The difference in unadjusted mean change in HbA1c from baseline to 12 months between the control and less intensive self-monitoring groups was -0.14% [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.35 to 0.07] and between the control and more intensive self-monitoring groups was -0.17% (95% CI -0.37 to 0.03). There was no evidence of a significantly different impact of self-monitoring on glycaemic control when comparing subgroups of patients defined by duration of diabetes, therapy, diabetes-related complications and EQ-5D score. The economic analysis suggested that SMBG resulted in extra health-care costs and was unlikely to be cost-effective if used routinely. There appeared to be an initial negative impact of SMBG on quality of life measured on the EQ-5D, and the potential additional lifetime gains in quality-adjusted life-years, resulting from the lower levels of risk factors achieved at the end of trial follow-up, were outweighed by these initial impacts for both SMBG groups compared with control. Some patients felt that SMBG was helpful, and there was evidence that those using more intensive self-monitoring perceived diabetes as having more serious consequences. Patients using SMBG were often not clear about the relationship between their behaviour and the test results. CONCLUSIONS: While the data do not exclude the possibility of a clinically important benefit for specific subgroups of patients in initiating good glycaemic control, SMBG by non-insulin-treated patients, with or without instruction in incorporating findings into self-care, did not lead to a significant improvement in glycaemic control compared with usual care monitored by HbA1c levels. There was no convincing evidence to support a recommendation for routine self-monitoring of all patients and no evidence of improved glycaemic control in predefined subgroups of patients.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/270/CN-00705270/frame.html										
B. Farmer, K. Croteau, N. Richeson and D. Jones	2006	Using pedometers as a strategy to increase the daily steps of older adults with chronic illness: from research to practice		Home healthcare nurse			24		7	449-56						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Using pedometers as a strategy to increase the daily steps of older adults with chronic illness: from research to practice								Pubmed 16936524						CN-00567650							http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/650/CN-00567650/frame.html										
J. Farr, S. Going, P. McKnight, S. Kasle, E. Cussler and M. Cornett	2010	Progressive resistance training improves overall physical activity levels in patients with early osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled trial		Physical therapy			90		3	356-66						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Progressive resistance training improves overall physical activity levels in patients with early osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 20056719						CN-00735128				BACKGROUND: Prescription of resistance training (RT) exercises is an essential aspect of management for knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, whether patients with knee OA who are randomly assigned to receive RT simply substitute RT for other modes of physical activity remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a structured RT intervention on overall levels of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) in patients with early-onset knee OA. The study compared patients with early-onset OA who participated in an RT program, those who participated in a self-management (SM) program, and those who participated in both RT and SM. Because participants randomly assigned to receive the RT intervention may simply switch activity modes, resulting in little net effect, we assessed total MVPA in addition to tracking changes in strength (force-generating capacity). DESIGN AND INTERVENTION: This study was a randomized controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of SM alone, RT alone, and combined RT+SM on MVPA in patients with early OA of the knee. SETTING: The study was conducted on a university campus, with patient recruitment from the local community. PARTICIPANTS: The participants in this study were 171 patients (74% women, 26% men) with knee OA. They had a mean age of 55.1 (SD=7.1) years, a mean body mass index of 27.6 (SD=4.2) kg/m(2), and radiographic status of grade II OA (and no higher) in at least one knee, as defined by the Kellgren and Lawrence classification. They wore an accelerometer while awake (X=14.2 [SD=2.2] hours) for 5 to 7 contiguous days (X=6.8 [SD=0.5] days) at baseline and at 3 and 9 months of intervention. RESULTS: The participants engaged in MVPA a mean of 26.2 (SD=19.3) minutes per day at baseline. Both groups significantly increased their MVPA from baseline to 3 months (RT group by 18% [effect size (d)=0.26]; SM group by 22% [effect size (d)=0.25]), but only the RT group sustained those changes at 9 months (RT group maintained a 10% increase [effect size (d)=0.15]; SM group maintained a 2% increase [effect size (d)=0.03]). A significant group x time interaction for MVPA indicated that the RT group maintained higher MVPA levels than the SM group. LIMITATIONS: Lack of direct measures of energy expenditure and physical function was a limitation of the study. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with early-onset OA of the knee can engage in an RT program without sacrificing their overall MVPA levels. These results support the value of RT for management of knee OA.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/128/CN-00735128/frame.html										
P. Farrell, T. Ebert and J. Kampine	1991	Naloxone augments muscle sympathetic nerve activity during isometric exercise in humans		American journal of physiology			260		3 Pt 1	E379-88						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Naloxone augments muscle sympathetic nerve activity during isometric exercise in humans								Pubmed 2003591						CN-00073853				The influence of an endogenous opioid peptide (EOP) antagonist (naloxone, 1.2 mg iv bolus) on muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA, microneurography) was studied on 19 young male and female volunteers. Isometric handgrip, cold pressor test, and acute baroreceptor unloading with sodium nitroprusside (autonomic stresses) were carried out under two conditions, one group (n = 11) before (control responses) and after naloxone and another group (n = 8) before and after placebo saline. Monitored cardiovascular variables included heart rate, central venous pressure (jugular vein catheter), arterial blood pressure (radial artery catheter), circulating catecholamines, and forearm blood flow. At rest, cardiovascular variables and MSNA were not affected by either naloxone or saline. MSNA (total activity = burst frequency x burst amplitude/100 cardiac cycles) increased during isometric handgrip to a greater extent (30 +/- 6 vs. 16 +/- 5 arbitrary units) after naloxone compared with control trials (P less than 0.05). After naloxone, arterial systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher during handgrip exercise. These augmented arterial pressures and MSNA responses were not evident during either the cold pressor test or the sodium nitroprusside stress. These data suggest that isometric muscle contraction elicits a sympathetic neural response that may be modified by EOP. This interaction is not evident during two other stresses, when sympathetic responses are equal to or greater than those provoked by isometric handgrip exercise.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/853/CN-00073853/frame.html										
R. Farzanfar, S. Frishkopf, J. Migneault and R. Friedman	2005	Telephone-linked care for physical activity: a qualitative evaluation of the use patterns of an information technology program for patients		Journal of Biomedical Informatics			38		3	220-8					Jun	Clinical Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Telephone-linked care for physical activity: a qualitative evaluation of the use patterns of an information technology program for patients	J Biomed Inform	1532-0464												15896695				Automated health behavior interventions that involve discretionary use by patients or consumers over extended periods of time are becoming more common and it is generally assumed that adherence to the recommended schedule is related to the impact of the system on users. Yet reasons for use or non-use of such systems have not been carefully explored. An understanding of factors that influence people to use, not use, or underutilize these automated behavioral change and self-care management systems can help in designing systems that are more effective and acceptable to users. Using qualitative research methods, this study explored the experiences of 45 users of a multiple-contact health promotion application with the goal of understanding the major factors that affect patterns of use (frequency of and duration of contact). The in-depth exploration of users' perceptions and views made possible by the qualitative research methods revealed a number of important themes. Reported reasons for underutilization or non-use were found to be both user-related and system-related. User-related reasons encompassed personal and individual events that prevented or impeded system utilization. System-related reasons included those that related to the medium itself as well as the content of the application. The qualitative methods employed in this study created a forum through which users' feedback could be fully explored and then synthesized to assist in the improvement of this and other automated health behavior interventions.	Farzanfar, Ramesh
Frishkopf, Sophie
Migneault, Jeffrey
Friedman, Robert		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15896695http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:15896695&id=doi:&issn=1532-0464&volume=38&issue=3&spage=220&pages=220-8&date=2005&title=Journal+of+Biomedical+Informatics&atitle=Telephone-linked+care+for+physical+activity%3A+a+qualitative+evaluation+of+the+use+patterns+of+an+information+technology+program+for+patients.&aulast=Farzanfar&pid=%3Cauthor%3EFarzanfar+R%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E15896695%3C%2FAN%3E		Medical Information Systems Unit, Boston University Medical Center, 720 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1102, Boston, MA 02118, USA. rfarzanf@bu.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

I. Fatouros, I. Douroudos, S. Panagoutsos, P. Pasadakis, M. Nikolaidis, A. Chatzinikolaou, A. Sovatzidis, Y. Michailidis, A. Jamurtas, D. Mandalidis, K. Taxildaris and V. Vargemezis	2010	Effects of L-carnitine on oxidative stress responses in patients with renal disease		Medicine and science in sports and exercise			42		10	1809-18						Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of L-carnitine on oxidative stress responses in patients with renal disease								Pubmed 20216464						CN-00770400				PURPOSE: Hemodialyzed patients demonstrate elevated oxidative stress and reduced functional status. Exercise induces health benefits, but acute exertion up-regulates oxidative stress responses in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of L-carnitine supplementation on i) exercise performance and ii) blood redox status both at rest and after exercise. METHODS: Twelve hemodialysis patients received either L-carnitine (20 mg kg(-1) i.v.) or placebo in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced, and crossover design for 8 wk. Participants performed an exercise test to exhaustion before and after supplementation. During the test, V?O2, respiratory quotient, heart rate, and time to exhaustion were monitored. Blood samples, collected before and after exercise, were analyzed for lactate, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyls, reduced and oxidized glutathione, antioxidant capacity, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity. RESULTS: Blood carnitine increased by L-carnitine supplementation proportionately at rest and after exercise. L-carnitine supplementation increased time to fatigue (22%) and decreased postexercise lactate (37%), submaximal heart rate, and respiratory quotient but did not affect V?O2peak. L-carnitine supplementation increased reduced/oxidized glutathione (2.7-fold at rest, 4-fold postexercise) and glutathione peroxidase activity (4.5% at rest, 10% postexercise) and decreased malondialdehyde (19% at rest and postexercise) and protein carbonyl (27% at rest, 40% postexercise) concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Data suggest that a 2-month L-carnitine supplementation may be effective in attenuating oxidative stress responses, enhancing antioxidant status, and improving performance of patients with end-stage renal disease.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/400/CN-00770400/frame.html										
C. Feng, K. Chan, K. Liu, C. Or and T. Lee	1996	A comparison of lidocaine, fentanyl, and esmolol for attenuation of cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation		Acta anaesthesiologica Sinica			34		2	61-7						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		A comparison of lidocaine, fentanyl, and esmolol for attenuation of cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation								Pubmed 9084524						CN-00138054				BACKGROUND: Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation are known to increase sympathetic activity that may be detrimental to patients with pre-existing ischemic or hypertensive heart diseases. In order to alter the hyperdynamic consequences resulting from intubation during induction of general anesthesia, we chose esmolol, an ultra-short acting cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocker, to attenuate the cardiovascular responses during tracheal intubation in patients undergoing elective surgery. The efficacy of esmolol in this regard was carefully evaluated. METHODS: Eighty ASA physical status class I or II patients undergoing elective, non-cardiac procedures were included in a randomized, single-blinded study consisting of 4 groups with each group receiving a designated drug: group A received normal saline as control, while group B, group C and group D received lidocaine 2 mg/kg, fentanyl 3 micrograms/kg and esmolol 2 mg/kg, respectively. Monitoring included EKG, pulse oximetry, capnometry and arterial pressure. All patients were premedicated with diazepam 0.1 mg/kg 30 min before induction of general anesthesia. Each designated drug was given upon induction of anesthesia (time zero). Anesthesia was induced with thiopental 5 mg/kg and succinylcholine 1.5 mg/kg, and maintained with N2O, 1% isoflurane in 50% O2 and vecuronium. Intubation was carried out 3 min after the designated drug was given. Heart rate (HR) and systolic arterial blood pressure (SBP) were obtained every min for 10 min after induction. Either chi-square test or analysis of variances (ANOVA) was used for statistical comparison. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: There was no difference in the demographic data among the four groups. After intubation, the incidence of tachycardia (HR > 100/min) was found in 3 of 20 (15%) patients in esmolol group, significantly lower than 17 of 20 (85%) patients in the control group, 15 of 20 (75%) patients in lidocaine group, and 11 of 20 (55%) patients in fentanyl group, respectively (p < 0.05). The incidence of hypertension (SBP > 180 mmHg) was found in 4 of 20 (20%) patients in esmolol group, significantly lower than 16 of 20 (80%) patients in control group and 14 of 20 (70%) patients in lidocaine group, respectively (p < 0.05), but not in 8 of 20 (40%) patients in fentanyl group. Besides, the incidence of hypertension in fentanyl group (40%) was significantly lower than control group (80%; p < 0.05), but not in lidocaine group (70%). CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study showed that only esmolol could reliably offer protection against the increase in both HR and SBP, low dose of fentanyl (3 micrograms/kg) prevented hypertension but not tachycardia, and 2 mg/kg lidocaine had no effect to blunt adverse hemodynamic responses during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/054/CN-00138054/frame.html										
S. Ferney, A. Marshall, E. Eakin and N. Owen	2009	Randomized trial of a neighborhood environment-focused physical activity website intervention		Preventive medicine			48		2	144-50						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Randomized trial of a neighborhood environment-focused physical activity website intervention								Pubmed 19028519						CN-00706387				OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of a local neighborhood environment-focused physical activity website and its effects on walking and overall physical activity in middle-aged adults. METHOD: One-hundred and six (72% women) inactive adults aged 52+/-4.6 years were randomly allocated to receive access to a neighborhood environment-focused website, (Neighborhood group, n=52) or a motivational-information website (Comparison group n=54). Participants also received eleven emails over the 26 weeks. Study outcomes were objectively-monitored website use, and self-reported total walking (min/wk), total physical activity (min/wk) and neighborhood walking (min/wk) collected at baseline, 12 and 26 weeks. The study was conducted between August 2005 and February 2006 in Brisbane, Australia. RESULTS: Website use was significantly greater among Neighborhood participants (p=0.01). Statistically significant increases in walking and total physical activity were observed in both groups. There was also a statistically significant interaction effect for total physical activity, with Neighborhood group participants maintaining more of their initial increase in physical activity at week-26 (p<0.05). Further, those in the Neighborhood group who used the website more often reported significantly more walking along the community trail at week-26 (p=0.05) compared with those who did not. CONCLUSIONS: A local neighborhood-environment focused physical activity website was more effective at engaging participants than a motivational-information website. Moreover, its use resulted in meaningful increases in physical activity relative to the comparison website.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/387/CN-00706387/frame.html										
C. Ferrara, A. Goldberg, H. Ortmeyer and A. Ryan	2006	Effects of aerobic and resistive exercise training on glucose disposal and skeletal muscle metabolism in older men		Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences			61		5	480-7						Journal: Article		Effects of aerobic and resistive exercise training on glucose disposal and skeletal muscle metabolism in older men														CN-00623034				Background. Aging is associated with insulin resistance, primarily as a result of physical inactivity and increased abdominal obesity. We hypothesized that aerobic (AEX) or resistive (RT) exercise training would result in comparable improvements in glucose disposal in older men, but that there would be different metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle. Methods. Thirty-nine older (63 +/- 1 years, mean +/- standard error of the mean), overweight and obese (body mass index = 30.3 +/- 0.4 kg/m2) men were assigned to AEX (treadmill walking and/or jogging, n = 19) or RT (upper and lower body, n = 20) programs 3 d/wk for 6 months, with 9 completing AEX and 13 completing RT. Testing before and after the exercise programs included body composition, euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps, and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies. Results. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) increased by 16% after AEX (p <.01), while leg and arm muscle strength increased by 45 +/- 5% and 27 +/- 5% after RT (p <.0001). Although participants were monitored to maintain their body weight during the exercise program, body weight decreased by 2% after AEX (p <.05), and increased by 2% after RT (p <.05). Whole-body glucose disposal, determined during the last 30 minutes of a 2-hour 480 pmol/m2/min euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, increased comparably by 20%-25% after AEX (51 +/- 5 to 61 +/- 5 muM/kgfat-free mass/min, p <.05) and RT (49 +/- 3 to 58 +/- 3 muM/kgfat-free mass/min, p <.05). The increase in vastus lateralis muscle glycogen synthase fractional activity in response to insulin stimulation was significantly higher after AEX compared to after RT (279 +/- 59% compared to 100 +/- 28% change, p <.05). Neither AEX nor RT altered muscle glycogen synthase total activity, glycogen content, or levels of phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase. Conclusion. These results suggest that AEX and RT result in comparable improvements in glucose metabolism in older men, whereas an increase in insulin activation of glycogen synthase occurred only with AEX. These improvements in insulin sensitivity could reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes and attenuate the development of cardiovascular disease. Copyright 2006 by The Gerontological Society of America. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B. V., Amsterdam. All Rights Reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/034/CN-00623034/frame.html										
A. Ferro, C. Duilio, M. Santomauro, M. Salvatore and A. Cuocolo	2005	Haemodynamic effects of dual-chamber pacing versus ventricular pacing during a walk test in patients with depressed or normal left ventricular function		European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging			32		9	1075-80						Randomized Controlled Trial		Haemodynamic effects of dual-chamber pacing versus ventricular pacing during a walk test in patients with depressed or normal left ventricular function								Pubmed 15891919						CN-00528198				PURPOSE: Dual-chamber rate-modulated pacing provides haemodynamic benefits compared with ventricular pacing at rest, but it is unclear whether this also holds true during physical exercise in patients with heart failure. This study assessed the haemodynamic response to a walk test during dual-chamber pacing and ventricular pacing in patients with depressed or normal left ventricular (LV) function. METHODS: Twelve patients with an LV ejection fraction <50% and 11 patients with an LV ejection fraction >or=50% underwent two randomised 6-min walk tests under dual-chamber rate-modulated pacing and ventricular pacing at a fixed rate of 70 beats/min. All patients had a dual-chamber pacemaker implanted for complete heart block. LV function was monitored by a radionuclide ambulatory system. RESULTS: In patients with depressed LV function, the change from dual-chamber pacing to ventricular pacing induced a decrease in end-systolic volume at the peak of the walk test (P<0.05), with no difference in end-diastolic volume. As a consequence, higher increases in LV ejection fraction (P<0.0001) and stroke volume (P<0.01) were observed during ventricular pacing. No difference in cardiac output was found between the two pacing modes. In patients with normal LV function, the change from dual-chamber pacing to ventricular pacing induced a significant decrease in cardiac output (P<0.005 at rest and P<0.05 at the peak of the walk test). CONCLUSION: Compared with dual-chamber rate-modulated pacing, ventricular pacing improves cardiac function and does not affect cardiac output during physical activity in patients with depressed LV function, whereas it impairs cardiac output in those with normal function.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/198/CN-00528198/frame.html										
F. Figueira, D. Umpierre, J. Ribeiro, P. Tetelbom, N. Henn, J. Esteves and B. Schaan	2012	Accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring system during exercise in type 2 diabetes		Diabetes research and clinical practice			98		3	e36-9						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring system during exercise in type 2 diabetes								Pubmed 23041227						CN-00967382				The concordance of continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) and finger-stick blood glucose (FSBG) was assessed in patients with type 2 diabetes during daily activities and two different exercise sessions. Agreement between FSBG and CGMS becomes weaker during exercise, but more than 90% of the CGMS readings are within acceptable range.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/382/CN-00967382/frame.html										
P. Filipovic Grcic, M. Matijaca, I. Lusic and V. Capkun	2011	Responsiveness of walking-based outcome measures after multiple sclerosis relapses following steroid pulses		Medical Science Monitor			17		12	CR704-10					Dec			Responsiveness of walking-based outcome measures after multiple sclerosis relapses following steroid pulses	Med Sci Monit	1643-3750					PMC3628135							22129902				BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the impact of intravenous methylprednisolone therapy (IVMP) on the recovery of walking ability in patients experiencing multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses, to compare the responsiveness of walking-based measures, and to estimate the impact of different walking-based measures responsiveness on clinical trials.
MATERIAL/METHODS: The study included 49 consecutive patients with relapsing-remitting MS who received Solu-Medrol 1000 mg/day over 3 days for relapse with difficulties in walking. The following walking-based measures were administered before and a month after IVMP: the Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 (MSWS-12), the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), the 2-minute timed walk (2-minTW), the 25-foot walk test (25FWT), the Six Spot Step Test (SSST). All patients had worn the step activity monitor accelerometer (SAM) 1 week prior to IVMP was applied and wore it again the fourth week upon the corticosteroid therapy was completed. The SAM analysis utilized the average daily step count and data regarding frequency and intensity of walking over a continuous time interval. We examined: (1) the impact of IVMP on the recovery of walking ability; (2) the responsiveness of each walking-based measure; (3) the relative responsiveness of competing walking-based measures; and (4) the impact of different walking-based measures responsiveness on clinical trials.
RESULTS: All walking-based measures showed significant improvement of walking ability 1 month after the IVMP. The most responsive were MSWS-12 and EDSS. Different responsiveness implied a greater than 6-fold impact on sample size estimates.
CONCLUSIONS: All applied walking-based measures showed significant improvement of walking ability 1 month after the IVMP. Responsiveness of various walking-based measures notably differ, thus affecting sample size calculations.	Filipovic Grcic, Petar
Matijaca, Meri
Lusic, Ivo
Capkun, Vesna		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22129902http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22129902&id=doi:&issn=1234-1010&volume=17&issue=12&spage=CR704&pages=CR704-10&date=2011&title=Medical+Science+Monitor&atitle=Responsiveness+of+walking-based+outcome+measures+after+multiple+sclerosis+relapses+following+steroid+pulses.&aulast=Filipovic+Grcic&pid=%3Cauthor%3EFilipovic+Grcic+P%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22129902%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Neurology, University Hospital Center Split, Split, Croatia. pfg@hi.t-com.hr						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. Finlayson, A. Turner and M. H. Granat	2011	Measuring the Actual Levels and Patterns of Physical Activity/Inactivity of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities		Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities			24		6	508-517								Measuring the Actual Levels and Patterns of Physical Activity/Inactivity of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities		1360-2322												2011305506. Language: English. Entry Date: 20111111. Revision Date: 20131213. Publication Type: journal article				Background Lack of regular physical activity is a significant risk to health. The aim of this study was to objectively measure the levels and patterns of activity of adults with intellectual disabilities, to inform the design of studies aimed at increasing activity and health in this population. Materials and Methods Interviews were conducted with 62 community-based adults with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities at the start and at the end of a 7-day period of physical activity/inactivity measurement using an activity monitor. Results Forty-one (66%) participants wore the activity monitor at least 5 days. Of these, only 11 (27%) achieved the recommended 10 000 steps per day, and only six (15%) were achieving the recommended ≥30 min of moderate/vigorous activity at least 5 days per week. Conclusions Adults with mild to moderate learning disabilities have low levels of physical activity.	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Online/Print; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. Special Interest: Psychiatry/Psychology. Grant Information: Thanks to the Baily Thomas Charitable Fund for funding this research.. NLM UID: 9613616.		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2011305506&site=ehost-live		School of Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, Scotland, UK						rzh	EBSCOhost	
K. J. Finn and B. Specker	2000	Comparison of Actiwatch activity monitor and Children's Activity Rating Scale in children		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			32		10	1794-7					Oct	Comparative Study
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Comparison of Actiwatch activity monitor and Children's Activity Rating Scale in children	Med Sci Sports Exerc	0195-9131												11039655				PURPOSE: The Children's Activity Rating Scale (CARS) is a rating scale that is used in direct observation of physical activity in children. Direct observation is costly and tedious, and accuracy may decrease as the observation period lengthens. Recently, motion sensors have gained acceptance for assessment of physical activity. The purpose of this study was to compare 6 h of activity levels using simultaneous monitoring of preschool aged children with CARS and the Actiwatch (Mini-mitter Company Inc.) activity monitor.
METHODS: A total of 40 children had 5-6 h (mean of 5.9 h) of direct observation while wearing a monitor on the waist. Simultaneous 3-min mean CARS scores and 3-min activity counts were matched for each subject.
RESULTS: The range for the mean 3-min CARS scores ranged from 1.00 to 4.50. The 3-min activity counts ranged from 0 to 9,695 with a mean of 670 (median 243). The within child correlations between the 3-min CARS score and the 3-min sensor readings ranged from 0.03 to 0.92 (median of 0.74). We found the correlation coefficients were higher in those children who were more active, probably due to the larger ranges in the CARS scores. When using mixed model repeated measures, sensor readings were significantly associated with CARS (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the 3-min CARS score correlates with 3-min activity counts, favoring the use of the activity monitors in assessing physical activity in preschool-aged children.	Finn, K J
Specker, B
R01 AR45310 (United States NIAMS NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11039655http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:11039655&id=doi:&issn=0195-9131&volume=32&issue=10&spage=1794&pages=1794-7&date=2000&title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&atitle=Comparison+of+Actiwatch+activity+monitor+and+Children%27s+Activity+Rating+Scale+in+children.&aulast=Finn&pid=%3Cauthor%3EFinn+KJ%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E11039655%3C%2FAN%3E		School of HPELS, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls 50614-0241, USA. kevin.finn@uni.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

A. Fisher, J. Reilly, L. Kelly, C. Montgomery, A. Williamson, J. Paton and S. Grant	2005	Fundamental movement skills and habitual physical activity in young children		Medicine and science in sports and exercise			37		4	684-8						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Fundamental movement skills and habitual physical activity in young children								Pubmed 15809570						CN-00512486				PURPOSE: To test for relationships between objectively measured habitual physical activity and fundamental movement skills in a relatively large and representative sample of preschool children. METHODS: Physical activity was measured over 6 d using the Computer Science and Applications (CSA) accelerometer in 394 boys and girls (mean age 4.2, SD 0.5 yr). Children were scored on 15 fundamental movement skills, based on the Movement Assessment Battery, by a single observer. RESULTS: Total physical activity (r=0.10, P<0.05) and percent time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (r=0.18, P<0.001) were significantly correlated with total movement skills score. Time spent in light-intensity physical activity was not significantly correlated with motor skills score (r=0.02, P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this sample and setting, fundamental movement skills were significantly associated with habitual physical activity, but the association between the two variables was weak. The present study questions whether the widely assumed relationships between motor skills and habitual physical activity actually exist in young children.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/486/CN-00512486/frame.html										
S. R. Fisher, R. V. Galloway, Y. F. Kuo, J. E. Graham, K. J. Ottenbacher, G. V. Ostir and J. S. Goodwin	2011	Pilot study examining the association between ambulatory activity and falls among hospitalized older adults		Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation			92		12	2090-2					Dec	Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Pilot study examining the association between ambulatory activity and falls among hospitalized older adults	Arch Phys Med Rehabil	1532-821X					NIHMS308772
PMC3229660							22036628				OBJECTIVE: To examine the ambulatory activity of older patients who had a documented fall during hospitalization for acute illness.
DESIGN: A retrospective case-control design was used in a pilot study of patients (n=10; >65y) who had a documented fall during their hospital stay and matched controls (n=25) who did not fall.
SETTING: Acute care medical/surgical unit.
PARTICIPANTS: Men and women 65 years and older who wore a step activity monitor while hospitalized.
INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fall incidents during the hospital stay were documented by the nurse in a standardized patient safety event report in accordance with hospital policy. The number of steps per 24-hour interval, time spent walking, and total number of activity episodes were determined for patients and controls.
RESULTS: On average + SD, patients who fell took 480.3 + 432.2 steps per hospital day, spent 53.8 + 36.9 minutes walking, and engaged in 25.8 + 16.9 episodes of activity. Mean daily steps, time spent walking, and number of activity episodes for patients who did not fall were 680.1 + 876.0, 50.1 + 58.6, and 21.6 + 23.8, respectively. Logistic regression results indicated no association between the fall outcome and mean daily steps (odds ratio=.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.84-1.06).
CONCLUSIONS: Ambulatory activity among patients who fell varied widely. Mean daily steps, time spent walking, and number of episodes of activity were comparable with matched controls who did not fall. Patient falls were more likely to be associated with cognitive and hospital environmental factors than actual amount of walking. Copyright 2011 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Fisher, Steve R
Galloway, Rebecca V
Kuo, Yong-Fang
Graham, James E
Ottenbacher, Kenneth J
Ostir, Glenn V
Goodwin, James S
K12 HD055929 (United States NICHD NIH HHS)
K12 HD055929-04 (United States NICHD NIH HHS)
P30 AG024832 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
P30 AG024832-06 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
R01 AG031178 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
R01 AG031178-04 (United States NIA NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22036628http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22036628&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.apmr.2011.06.022&issn=0003-9993&volume=92&issue=12&spage=2090&pages=2090-2&date=2011&title=Archives+of+Physical+Medicine+%26+Rehabilitation&atitle=Pilot+study+examining+the+association+between+ambulatory+activity+and+falls+among+hospitalized+older+adults.&aulast=Fisher&pid=%3Cauthor%3EFisher+SR%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22036628%3C%2FAN%3E		Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555-0460, USA. stfisher@utmb.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. R. Fisher, J. S. Goodwin, E. J. Protas, Y. F. Kuo, J. E. Graham, K. J. Ottenbacher and G. V. Ostir	2011	Ambulatory activity of older adults hospitalized with acute medical illness.[Erratum appears in J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011 Apr;59(4):777]		Journal of the American Geriatrics Society			59		1	91-5					Jan	Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Ambulatory activity of older adults hospitalized with acute medical illness.[Erratum appears in J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011 Apr;59(4):777]	J Am Geriatr Soc	1532-5415					NIHMS304245
PMC3133455							21158744				OBJECTIVES: To describe the amount and patterns of ambulatory activity in hospitalized older adults over consecutive hospital days.
DESIGN: Observational cohort study.
SETTING: University teaching hospital Acute Care for Elderly (ACE) unit.
PARTICIPANTS: Adults aged 65 and older (N = 239) who wore a step activity monitor during their hospital stay.
MEASUREMENTS: Total number of steps per 24-hour day. Mean daily steps were calculated based on number of days the step activity monitor was worn.
RESULTS: Mean age was 76.6 + 7.6; 55.1% of participants were female. Patients took a mean number of 739.7 (interquartile range 89-1,014) steps per day during their hospital stay. Patients with shorter stays tended to ambulate more on the first complete day of hospitalization and had a markedly greater increase in mobility on the second day than patients with longer lengths of stay. There were no significant differences in mean daily steps according to illness severity or reason for admission.
CONCLUSION: Objective information on patient mobility can be collected for hospitalized older persons. Findings may increase understanding of the level of ambulation required to maintain functional status and promote recovery from acute illness. 2010, Copyright the Authors. Journal compilation 2010, The American Geriatrics Society.	Fisher, Steve R
Goodwin, James S
Protas, Elizabeth J
Kuo, Yong-Fan
Graham, James E
Ottenbacher, Kenneth J
Ostir, Glenn V
K12 HD055929 (United States NICHD NIH HHS)
K12 HD055929-03 (United States NICHD NIH HHS)
P30 AG024832 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
P30 AG024832-05 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
R01 AG031178 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
R01 AG031178-02 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
R01 AG031178-04 (United States NIA NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21158744http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21158744&id=doi:10.1111%2Fj.1532-5415.2010.03202.x&issn=0002-8614&volume=59&issue=1&spage=91&pages=91-5&date=2011&title=Journal+of+the+American+Geriatrics+Society&atitle=Ambulatory+activity+of+older+adults+hospitalized+with+acute+medical+illness.&aulast=Fisher&pid=%3Cauthor%3EFisher+SR%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21158744%3C%2FAN%3E		Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA. stfisher@utmb.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. R. Fisher, J. S. Goodwin, E. J. Protas, Y.-F. Kuo, J. E. Graham, K. J. Ottenbacher and G. V. Ostir	2011	Ambulatory activity of older adults hospitalized with acute medical illness.... [corrected] [published errata appear in J AM GERIATR SOC 2011 59(4):777]		Journal of the American Geriatrics Society			59		1	91-95								Ambulatory activity of older adults hospitalized with acute medical illness.... [corrected] [published errata appear in J AM GERIATR SOC 2011 59(4):777]		0002-8614												2010912295. Language: English. Entry Date: 20110311. Revision Date: 20120127. Publication Type: journal article				OBJECTIVES: To describe the amount and patterns of ambulatory activity in hospitalized older adults over consecutive hospital days. DESIGN: Observational cohort study. SETTING: University teaching hospital Acute Care for Elderly (ACE) unit. PARTICIPANTS: Adults aged 65 and older (N5239) who wore a step activity monitor during their hospital stay. MEASUREMENTS: Total number of steps per 24-hour day. Mean daily steps were calculated based on number of days the step activity monitor was worn. RESULTS: Mean age was 76.6 +/= 7.6; 55.1% of participants were female. Patients took a mean number of 739.7 (interquartile range 89-1,014) steps per day during their hospital stay. Patients with shorter stays tended to ambulate more on the first complete day of hospitalization and had a markedly greater increase in mobility on the second day than patients with longer lengths of stay. There were no significant differences in mean daily steps according to illness severity or reason for admission. CONCLUSION: Objective information on patient mobility can be collected for hospitalized older persons. Findings may increase understanding of the level of ambulation required to maintain functional status and promote recovery from acute illness.	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Gerontologic Care; Occupational Therapy; Physical Therapy. Instrumentation: Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Grant Information: Funded in part by National Institutes of Health Grants.. No. of Refs: 49 ref. NLM UID: 7503062.
PMID: 21158744		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2010912295&site=ehost-live		Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
§School of Health Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas						rzh	EBSCOhost	
C. Fitzsimons, G. Baker, S. Gray, M. Nimmo and N. Mutrie	2012	Does physical activity counselling enhance the effects of a pedometer-based intervention over the long-term: 12-month findings from the Walking for Wellbeing in the west study		BMC public health			12			206						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Does physical activity counselling enhance the effects of a pedometer-based intervention over the long-term: 12-month findings from the Walking for Wellbeing in the west study								Pubmed 22429600						CN-00842522				BACKGROUND: Pedometers provide a simple, cost effective means of motivating individuals to increase walking yet few studies have considered if short term changes in walking behaviour can be maintained in the long-term. The role of physical activity consultations in such interventions is unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the sustainability of pedometer-based interventions and empirically examine the role of physical activity consultations using long-term results of a community-based walking study. METHODS: 79 low active Scottish men and women (63 women and 16 men) from the Walking for Wellbeing in the West intervention study were randomly assigned to receive either: Group 1; pedometer-based walking programme plus physical activity consultations or Group 2; pedometer-based walking programme and minimal advice. Step counts (Omron HJ-109E Step-O-Meter pedometer), 7 day recall of physical activity (IPAQ long), mood (PANAS) and quality of life (EuroQol EQ-5D) were assessed pre-intervention and 12, 24 and 48 weeks after receiving the intervention. Body mass, body mass index and waist and hip circumference were assessed pre-intervention and 12 and 24 weeks after receiving the intervention. Analyses were performed on an intention to treat basis (baseline value carried forward for missing data) using mixed-factorial ANOVAs and follow-up t-tests. RESULTS: A significant main effect of time (p < 0.001) was found for step-counts attributable to significant increases in steps/day between: pre-intervention (M = 6941, SD = 3047) and 12 weeks (M = 9327, SD = 4136), t(78) = - 6.52, p < 0.001, d = 0.66; pre-intervention and 24 weeks (M = 8804, SD = 4145), t(78) = - 4.82, p < 0.001, d = 0.52; and pre-intervention and 48 weeks (M = 8450, SD = 3855), t(78) = - 4.15, p < 0.001, d = 0.44. Significant effects were found for several variables of self-reported physical activity, mood and quality of life and are discussed. No other significant effects in health related outcomes were found. CONCLUSION: Both interventions successfully increased and maintained step counts over 12 months. Physical activity consultations may encourage individuals to be active in other ways beyond walking and to reduce sitting time. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Current Controlled Trials Ltd ISRCTN88907382.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/522/CN-00842522/frame.html										
C. Fitzsimons, G. Baker, A. Wright, M. Nimmo, T. C. Ward, R. Lowry, C. Millington, R. Shaw, E. Fenwick, D. Ogilvie, J. Inchley, C. Foster and N. Mutrie	2008	The 'Walking for Wellbeing in the West' randomised controlled trial of a pedometer-based walking programme in combination with physical activity consultation with 12 month follow-up: rationale and study design		BMC public health			8			259						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The 'Walking for Wellbeing in the West' randomised controlled trial of a pedometer-based walking programme in combination with physical activity consultation with 12 month follow-up: rationale and study design								Pubmed 18655723						CN-00650001				BACKGROUND: Scotland has a policy aimed at increasing physical activity levels in the population, but evidence on how to achieve this is still developing. Studies that focus on encouraging real world participants to start physical activity in their settings are needed. The Walking for Well-being in the West study was designed to assess the effectiveness of a pedometer-based walking programme in combination with physical activity consultation. The study was multi-disciplinary and based in the community. Walking for Well-being in the West investigated whether Scottish men and women, who were not achieving the current physical activity recommendation, increased and maintained walking behaviour over a 12 month period. This paper outlines the rationale and design of this innovative and pragmatic study. METHODS: Participants were randomised into two groups: Group 1: Intervention (pedometer-based walking programme combined with a series of physical activity consultations); Group 2: Waiting list control for 12 weeks (followed by minimal pedometer-based intervention). Physical activity (primary outcome) was measured using pedometer step counts (7 day) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (long version). Psychological processes were measured using questionnaires relating to the Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change, mood (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) and quality of life (Euroqol EQ-5D instrument). Physiological measures included anthropometric and metabolic outcomes. Environmental influences were assessed subjectively (Neighbourhood Quality of Life Survey) and objectively (neighbourhood audit tool and GIS mapping). The qualitative evaluation employed observation, semi-structured interviews and focus groups. A supplementary study undertook an economic evaluation. DISCUSSION: Data analysis is on-going. Walking for Well-being in the West will demonstrate if a pedometer based walking programme, in combination with physical activity consultation results in a sustainable increase in walking behaviour in this sample of Scottish adults over a 12 month period. The study will examine the complex relationships between behavioural change, health consequences and the role of the environment, in conjunction with the cost effectiveness of this approach and a detailed insight into the participants' experiences of the intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN88907382.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/001/CN-00650001/frame.html										
B. Fletcher, S. Dunbar, J. Coleman, B. Jann and G. Fletcher	1993	Cardiac precautions for non-acute inpatient settings		American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation			72		3	140-3						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Cardiac precautions for non-acute inpatient settings								Pubmed 8512675						CN-00093801				Activity progression of persons with physical disabilities and accompanying cardiovascular disease in medical rehabilitation centers is traditionally based on cardiac precautions derived from acute care settings. Concern that these guidelines were too conservative and restrictive led to exercise testing and evaluation of 64 physically disabled male patients with a history of coronary artery disease. The sample had a mean age of 62.4 years. The exercise test was an adaptation of the Schwade Arm Ergometer Protocol with blood pressure measured at baseline, immediately after each 2 minutes of exercise, peak exercise and each minute for 6 minutes after peak exercise. Heart rate was monitored continuously. Patients achieved a mean peak heart rate of 115 beats per minute, mean peak systolic pressure of 169 mm Hg and mean peak diastolic pressure of 89 mm Hg. Ischemic electrocardiographic changes occurred in four of the 64 patients. Based on the achieved ranges of values of heart rate, systolic and diastolic pressures and comparison of these results with baseline (pre-exercise) values, more liberal guidelines for prescribing activity in the non-acute inpatient setting are provided.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/801/CN-00093801/frame.html										
J. Floras, J. Jones, M. Hassan, B. Osikowska, P. Sever and P. Sleight	1981	Cuff and ambulatory blood pressure in subjects with essential hypertension		Lancet			2		8238	107-9						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial;		Cuff and ambulatory blood pressure in subjects with essential hypertension								Pubmed 6113479						CN-00025319				Clinic cuff blood-pressure measurements, obtained on at least three occasions, were compared with mean arterial pressures in 59 patients with borderline or essential hypertension who underwent direct ambulatory monitoring of blood pressure. In 22 patients (group I) mean cuff and ambulatory pressures were similar (+/- 10 mm Hg) while in 32 subjects (group II) cuff pressures were more than 10 mm Hg higher. Groups I and II could not be distinguished on the basis of clinical examination, indices of sympathetic nerve activity, or blood-pressure variability, or by the magnitude of pressure rise during physical or mental exercise. Group II had less cardiovascular target organ damage and better baroreflex sensitivity but there was considerable overlap. There was no reliable way of telling which subjects would have lower ambulatory than cuff pressures. 20 out of 59 subjects classified as hypertensive by cuff measurements had awake ambulatory pressures or less than 140/90 mm Hg.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/319/CN-00025319/frame.html										
J. Floras, J. Jones, M. Hassan and P. Sleight	1982	Ambulatory blood pressure during once-daily randomised double-blind administration of atenolol, metoprolol, pindolol, and slow-release propranolol		British medical journal (Clinical research ed.)			285		6352	1387-92						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Ambulatory blood pressure during once-daily randomised double-blind administration of atenolol, metoprolol, pindolol, and slow-release propranolol								Pubmed 6814568						CN-00029347				Intra-arterial ambulatory blood pressure was measured over 24 hours, in 34 patients with newly diagnosed hypertension, both before and after double-blind randomisation to treatment with atenolol (n=9), metoprolol (n=9), pindolol (n=9), or propranolol in its slow-release form (n=7). The dosage of each drug was adjusted at monthly clinic visits until satisfactory control of blood pressure was achieved (140/90 mm Hg or less by cuff) or the maximum dose in the study protocol was reached. A second intra-arterial recording was made after these drugs had been taken once daily at 0800 for three to eight months (mean 5.0+/-SD 1.4) and was started four hours after the last dose.At the end of the 24-hour recordings blood pressure was significantly lower with all four drugs. The extent to which the drugs reduced blood pressure, however, differed over the 24 hours. Atenolol lowered mean arterial pressure significantly throughout all 24 recorded hours, metoprolol for 12 hours, pindolol for 15 hours, and slow-release propranolol for 22 hours. Neither metoprolol nor pindolol lowered blood pressure during sleep. A significant reduction in heart rate was observed over 20 hours with atenolol, 20 hours with metoprolol, 10 hours with pindolol, and 24 hours with slow-release propranolol. Atenolol, metoprolol, and slow-release propranolol continued to slow the heart rate 24 hours after the last tablet was taken; this effect on heart rate, however, was not sustained throughout the second morning in those patients taking atenolol. Pindolol, the only drug studied that has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, increased heart rate and did not lower blood pressure during sleep.Atenolol and slow-release propranolol are effective as antihypertensive agents over 24 hours when taken once daily, whereas metoprolol and pindolol may need to be taken more frequently. At times of low sympathetic tone, however, such as during sleep, beta-blockers with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity may raise heart rate and attenuate the fall in blood pressure with treatment.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/347/CN-00029347/frame.html										
A. Flotats, R. Serra-Grima, V. Camacho, E. Mena, X. Borràs, M. Estorch, A. Tembl, J. Fuertes, J. Cinca and I. Carrió	2005	Left ventricular end-diastolic volume is decreased at maximal exercise in athletes with marked repolarisation abnormalities: a continuous radionuclide monitoring study		European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging			32		2	203-10						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial;		Left ventricular end-diastolic volume is decreased at maximal exercise in athletes with marked repolarisation abnormalities: a continuous radionuclide monitoring study								Pubmed 15378284						CN-00520774				PURPOSE: Although marked repolarisation abnormalities (MRAs) are considered innocuous in trained athletes, their functional significance awaits clarification. The aim of this study was to further evaluate the pathophysiological implications of such MRAs. METHODS: We compared left ventricular (LV) functional response to exhausting exercise in 39 male athletes with (n=22) or without (n=17) MRAs and with no structural cardiac abnormalities, by means of a portable radionuclide monitoring system (Vest, Capintec, Inc., Ramsey, NJ). MRAs were defined by the presence of negative T waves > or =2 mm in three or more rest ECG leads. The Vest data were averaged for 30 s and analysed at baseline and at different heart rate (HR) values (50%, 75%, 85%, 95% and 100% of peak HR), as well as at 2, 5 and 10 min of recovery. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the effect of exhausting exercise between athletes with and athletes without MRAs. However, there was a significant difference in the trend in end-diastolic volume (EDV) during exercise depending upon the group of athletes considered (p=0.05). EDV differed significantly between the two groups of athletes at peak HR (p=0.031). EDV in athletes with MRAs was lower than that in athletes without MRAs (102%+/-7% vs 107%+/-8%, p=0.034). CONCLUSION: EDV is decreased at peak HR in athletes with MRAs. Such high HR values are infrequently achieved or maintained during sporting activities; therefore, in the absence of structural heart disease, MRAs should not preclude physical training and competitive availability.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/774/CN-00520774/frame.html										
A. Flouris, G. Metsios, A. Jamurtas and Y. Koutedakis	2010	Cardiorespiratory and immune response to physical activity following exposure to a typical smoking environment		Heart (British Cardiac Society)			96		11	860-4						Randomized Controlled Trial		Cardiorespiratory and immune response to physical activity following exposure to a typical smoking environment								Pubmed 20478865						CN-00762582				OBJECTIVE: Millions of non-smokers suffer daily passive smoking (PS) at home or at work, many of whom then have to walk fast for several minutes or climb a few sets of stairs. We conducted a randomised single-blind crossover experiment to assess the cardiorespiratory and immune response to physical activity following PS. DESIGN: Data were obtained from 17 (eight women) non-smoking adults during and following 30 minutes of moderate cycling administered at baseline and at 0 hour, 1 hour and 3 hours following a 1-hour PS exposure set at bar/restaurant PS levels. RESULTS: We found that PS was associated with a 36% and 38.7% decrease in mean power output in men and women, respectively, and that this effect persisted up to 3 hours (p<0.05). Moreover, at 0 hour almost all cardiorespiratory and immune variables measured were markedly reduced (p<0.05). For instance, FEV(1) values at 0 hour dropped by 10.2% in men and 10.8% in women, while IL-5 increased by 59.2% in men and 44% in women, respectively (p<0.05). At 3-hour mean values of respiratory quotient, mean power, perceived exertion, cotinine, FEV(1), IL-5, IL-6 and INFgamma in both sexes, recovery diastolic and mean arterial pressure, IL-4 and TNFalpha in men, as well as percentage predicted FEV(1) in women remained different compared to baseline (p<0.05). Also, some of the PS effects were exacerbated in less fit individuals. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that 1 hour of PS at bar/restaurant levels adversely affects the response to moderate physical activity in healthy non-smokers for at least 3 hours following PS.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/582/CN-00762582/frame.html										
B. C. Focht, W. M. Sanders, P. H. Brubaker and W. J. Rejeski	2003	Initial validation of the CSA activity monitor during rehabilitative exercise among older adults with chronic disease		Journal of Aging & Physical Activity			11		3	293-304								Initial validation of the CSA activity monitor during rehabilitative exercise among older adults with chronic disease		1063-8652												2004074649. Language: English. Entry Date: 20040514. Revision Date: 20091218. Publication Type: journal article				The authors examined the validity of the Computer Science and Application (CSA) activity monitor during a bout of rehabilitative exercise among older adults with chronic disease. In order to determine convergent validity, 50 participants were monitored during a 30-min walk in Study 1. In order to assess concurrent validity, 10 volunteers wore both a CSA accelerometer and a Cosmed K4 b2 portable gas-analysis unit during 30 min of rehabilitative exercise in Study 2. Study 1 results revealed significant (p < .01) positive relationships between mean CSA activity counts and estimated METs (r = .60), pedometer readings (r = .47), 6-min walk (r = .62), and self-efficacy (r = .45). Study 2 results demonstrated a significant (p < .01) positive correlation between CSA activity counts and oxygen uptake (r = .72). The findings suggest that the CSA activity monitor is an effective objective measure of physical activity during a structured, moderate-intensity bout of exercise among older adults with chronic disease.	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Gerontologic Care. No. of Refs: 15 ref. NLM UID: 9415639.		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2004074649&site=ehost-live		Dept of Exercise and Sport Science, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858						rzh	EBSCOhost	
M. P. Ford, L. A. Malone, H. C. Walker, I. Nyikos, R. Yelisetty and C. S. Bickel	2010	Step activity in persons with Parkinson's disease		Journal of Physical Activity & Health			7		6	724-9					Nov			Step activity in persons with Parkinson's disease	J Phys Act Health	1543-3080												21088302				BACKGROUND: UPDRS and PDQ-39 are reliable and valid assessments of quality of life and physical function in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, these measures were not designed to track day-to-day or week-to-week changes in community activity in persons with PD.
METHODS: Twelve individuals with PD (stage 1 to 3, Hoehn and Yahr) who were active members of a health and wellness facility were recruited for this study. Investigators collected health history information, asked questions about the amount and frequency of weekly exercise, and assessed motor symptoms and ADL skills using the UPDRS, and provided participants with Step Activity Monitor (SAM). SAM data were collected for a continuous 7-day period.
RESULTS: Participants averaged 8996 steps/day, had an average of 322 minutes of step activity per day, but were inactive (minIA) 77% of their time per day. On the days that participants visited the health and wellness facility they took an average of 802 more steps with 12 minutes more activity per day.
CONCLUSIONS: A SAM can be used to capture activity levels in persons with PD. These pilot data indicate that persons with mild to moderate PD can achieve step activity levels similar to healthy older adults.	Ford, Matthew P
Malone, Laurie A
Walker, Harrison C
Nyikos, Ildiko
Yelisetty, Rama
Bickel, C Scott		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21088302http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21088302&id=doi:&issn=1543-3080&volume=7&issue=6&spage=724&pages=724-9&date=2010&title=Journal+of+Physical+Activity+%26+Health&atitle=Step+activity+in+persons+with+Parkinson%27s+disease.&aulast=Ford&pid=%3Cauthor%3EFord+MP%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21088302%3C%2FAN%3E		Dept. of Physical Therapy, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

L. Forslund, P. Hjemdahl, C. Held, I. Björkander, S. Eriksson and N. Rehnqvist	1998	Ischaemia during exercise and ambulatory monitoring in patients with stable angina pectoris and healthy controls. Gender differences and relationships to catecholamines		European heart journal			19		4	578-87						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Ischaemia during exercise and ambulatory monitoring in patients with stable angina pectoris and healthy controls. Gender differences and relationships to catecholamines								Pubmed 9597406						CN-00688413				AIMS: To evaluate signs of ischaemia and ventricular arrhythmias in relation to gender and sympathoadrenal activity in patients with stable angina pectoris and healthy controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 809 patients (248 females) with stable angina pectoris, and 50 matched healthy controls performed an exercise test and an ambulatory ECG recording. Catecholamines were measured in plasma before and immediately after exercise, and in urine during ambulatory ECG. RESULTS: Male and female patients showed similar frequencies of ST-depression, similar blood pressure and catecholamine responses on exercise testing. Females had higher heart rates and were more prone towards silent ischaemia. The healthy controls exercised longer and showed greater adrenaline responses. During ambulatory ECG, the two genders had similar duration of ST-depression, but males had more premature ventricular complexes. Females excreted more noradrenaline, and had higher minimal and maximal heart rates. Premature ventricular complexes were equally common among patients and controls, but controls had greater catecholamine excretion. Maximal ST-depression during exercise was positively related to the duration of ST-depression during ambulatory ECG for both genders. Exercise time until ST-depression was inversely related to the duration of ST-depression during ambulatory ECG among male patients only. Catecholamine responses during exercise testing were more closely correlated to time until chest pain than to signs of ischaemia. CONCLUSION: Mechanisms behind myocardial ischaemia and arrhythmias may differ in male and female patients, as females seem to be more prone towards silent ischaemia. Ischaemia on exercise correlated to ambulatory ischaemia among males only.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/413/CN-00688413/frame.html										
E. Fox, R. Waldman, M. Wittner, A. Mauceri and A. Dorfman	1973	Protective study with a group A streptococcal M protein vaccine. Infectivity challenge of human volunteers		Journal of clinical investigation			52		8	1885-92						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial;		Protective study with a group A streptococcal M protein vaccine. Infectivity challenge of human volunteers								Pubmed 4719668						CN-00008828				Healthy adult male volunteers were immunized with purified M protein from Group A streptococci. Type 1. The vaccine was administered subcutaneously as an aluminum hydroxide-precipitated antigen in three montly doses. Control subjects received a placebo of the aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. To test the efficacy of the immunization, vaccinees and controls were challenged with a virulent strain of Type 1 streptococci applied to the pharynx. The immunization and challenge of the vaccinated and control subjects (19 men in each group) were carried out as a double blind experiment. All subjects were carefully screened by physical and laboratory examinations before and after the immunization and infectivity schedules. 30-50 days after the last injection, the vaccinees and control subjects were infected with the streptococci. Careful surveillance was maintained to evaluate the extent of acquired streptococcal infection. Throat cultures, leukocytes counts, temperatures, and physical signs and symptoms were monitored daily. All subjects received 1.2 million U of penicillin intramuscularly no later than 6 days after inoculation with the culture. Illness was judged by the appearance of exudative pharyngitis and cervical adenopathy accompanied by a positive throat culture. By these criteria, 9 of the 19 placebo controls, and 1 of 19 vaccinees were ill. No residual illness or clinical complications was observed after the penicillin treatment. It is concluded that the alum-precipitated M protein vaccine afforded protection against an upper respiratory Type 1 streptococcal infection.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/828/CN-00008828/frame.html										
K. Fox, D. Mulcahy, I. Findlay, I. Ford and H. Dargie	1996	The Total Ischaemic Burden European Trial (TIBET). Effects of atenolol, nifedipine SR and their combination on the exercise test and the total ischaemic burden in 608 patients with stable angina. The TIBET Study Group		European heart journal			17		1	96-103						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The Total Ischaemic Burden European Trial (TIBET). Effects of atenolol, nifedipine SR and their combination on the exercise test and the total ischaemic burden in 608 patients with stable angina. The TIBET Study Group								Pubmed 8682138						CN-00126937				OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of atenolol, nifedipine and their combination on exercise parameters and ambulatory ischaemic activity in patients with mild chronic stable angina. SETTING: Multicentre, multinational study involving 608 patients from 69 centres in nine countries. DESIGN: Placebo washout followed by double-blind parallel-group study comparing atenolol 50 mg bd, nifedipine SR 20 mg bd, and their combination. Patients underwent maximal exercise testing using either a bicycle (n = 289) or treadmill (n = 319) and 48 h of ambulatory ST segment monitoring outside the hospital environment at the end of the placebo washout period and after 6 weeks of active therapy. RESULTS: Both medications alone and in combination caused significant improvements in exercise parameters and significant reductions in ischaemic activity during daily activities, when compared with placebo. There were, however, no significant differences between groups, for any of the measured ischaemic parameters although combination therapy resulted in a greater fall in resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure than either treatment alone. CONCLUSIONS: In the management of mild chronic stable angina there appears to be little advantage gained from using combination therapy for ischaemia reduction.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/937/CN-00126937/frame.html										
K. Fox, A. Stathi, J. McKenna and M. Davis	2007	Physical activity and mental well-being in older people participating in the Better Ageing Project		European journal of applied physiology			100		5	591-602						Controlled Clinical Trial; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Physical activity and mental well-being in older people participating in the Better Ageing Project								Pubmed 17285318						CN-00609197				Increasing evidence suggests that physical activity can prevent some aspects of mental illness in older people such as depression, dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, limited research has shown that engagement in structured exercise can improve aspects of psychological well-being such as mood and self-perceptions in older adults. However, the relationship between incidental daily activity such as walking or time spent sedentary, with psychological well-being has not been investigated. The Better Ageing Project provided an opportunity to assess well-being and quality of life using standardised questionnaires with 176 adults aged 70 and over. Accelerometry was used to objectively assess daily energy expended in physical activity at different levels of intensity. In addition, an assessment of the impact of the 12-month Better Ageing structured group exercise programme was assessed through questionnaires and interviews. Total daily physical activity energy expenditure (joules/day) and amount of time spent in activity of at least moderate intensity were weakly related (r = 0.20-0.28) to quality of life, subjective well-being and physical self-perceptions. Time spent sedentary (min/day) was weakly and negatively related to several mental health indicators. The quantitative data showed only minor psychological benefits of the exercise intervention. In contrast, interviews with 27 research participants and 4 exercise leaders suggested that important improvements in perceived function and social benefits had been experienced.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/197/CN-00609197/frame.html										
K. Foxcroft, I. Rowlands, N. Byrne, H. McIntyre and L. Callaway	2011	Exercise in obese pregnant women: the role of social factors, lifestyle and pregnancy symptoms		BMC pregnancy and childbirth			11			4						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Exercise in obese pregnant women: the role of social factors, lifestyle and pregnancy symptoms								Pubmed 21226958						CN-00785287				BACKGROUND: Physical activity may reduce the risk of adverse maternal outcomes, yet there are very few studies that have examined the correlates of exercise amongst obese women during pregnancy. We examined which relevant sociodemographic, obstetric, and health behaviour variables and pregnancy symptoms were associated with exercise in a small sample of obese pregnant women. METHODS: This was a secondary analysis using data from an exercise intervention for the prevention of gestational diabetes in obese pregnant women. Using the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ), 50 obese pregnant women were classified as "Exercisers" if they achieved ? 900 kcal/wk of exercise and "Non-Exercisers" if they did not meet this criterion. Analyses examined which relevant variables were associated with exercise status at 12, 20, 28 and 36 weeks gestation. RESULTS: Obese pregnant women with a history of miscarriage; who had children living at home; who had a lower pre-pregnancy weight; reported no nausea and vomiting; and who had no lower back pain, were those women who were most likely to have exercised in early pregnancy. Exercise in late pregnancy was most common among tertiary educated women. CONCLUSIONS: Offering greater support to women from disadvantaged backgrounds and closely monitoring women who report persistent nausea and vomiting or lower back pain in early pregnancy may be important. The findings may be particularly useful for other interventions aimed at reducing or controlling weight gain in obese pregnant women.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/287/CN-00785287/frame.html										
P. S. Freedson, E. Melanson and J. Sirard	1998	Calibration of the Computer Science and Applications, Inc. accelerometer		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			30		5	777-81					May	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Calibration of the Computer Science and Applications, Inc. accelerometer	Med Sci Sports Exerc	0195-9131												9588623				PURPOSE: We established accelerometer count ranges for the Computer Science and Applications, Inc. (CSA) activity monitor corresponding to commonly employed MET categories.
METHODS: Data were obtained from 50 adults (25 males, 25 females) during treadmill exercise at three different speeds (4.8, 6.4, and 9.7 km x h(-1)).
RESULTS: Activity counts and steady-state oxygen consumption were highly correlated (r = 0.88), and count ranges corresponding to light, moderate, hard, and very hard intensity levels were < or = 1951, 1952-5724, 5725-9498, > or = 9499 cnts x min(-1), respectively. A model to predict energy expenditure from activity counts and body mass was developed using data from a random sample of 35 subjects (r2 = 0.82, SEE = 1.40 kcal x min(-1)). Cross validation with data from the remaining 15 subjects revealed no significant differences between actual and predicted energy expenditure at any treadmill speed (SEE = 0.50-1.40 kcal x min(-1)).
CONCLUSIONS: These data provide a template on which patterns of activity can be classified into intensity levels using the CSA accelerometer.	Freedson, P S
Melanson, E
Sirard, J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9588623http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:9588623&id=doi:&issn=0195-9131&volume=30&issue=5&spage=777&pages=777-81&date=1998&title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&atitle=Calibration+of+the+Computer+Science+and+Applications%2C+Inc.+accelerometer.&aulast=Freedson&pid=%3Cauthor%3EFreedson+PS%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E9588623%3C%2FAN%3E		University of Massachusetts, Department of Exercise Science, Amherst 01003, USA. psf@excsci.umass.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

D. French, A. Wade and A. Farmer	2013	Predicting self-care behaviours of patients with type 2 diabetes: the importance of beliefs about behaviour, not just beliefs about illness		Journal of psychosomatic research			74		4	327-33						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Predicting self-care behaviours of patients with type 2 diabetes: the importance of beliefs about behaviour, not just beliefs about illness								Pubmed 23497835						CN-00964866				OBJECTIVE: There is evidence that perceptions of treatment may be more predictive than illness perceptions, e.g. medication adherence is often better predicted by beliefs about medication than by beliefs about illness. The present study aims to assess the generality of this finding, by comparing the extent to which self-care behaviours of patients with type 2 diabetes are predicted by patients' beliefs about those behaviours, compared with their illness perceptions. METHODS: This study is a one year prospective cohort analysis of 453 patients recruited to a randomised trial of blood glucose self-monitoring. Behaviour was assessed by the medication adherence report scale (MARS) and diabetes self-care activities (DSCA) scales; illness perceptions by IPQ-R; study-specific scales of beliefs about diet and physical activity were constructed by factor analysing items based on beliefs elicited in an earlier interview study involving patients with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS: Past behaviour, trial group allocation, and clinical and demographic factors predicted between 16% and 35% variance in medication adherence, exercise, and diet scales. Illness perceptions added between 0.9% and 4.5% additional variance; beliefs about behaviour added a further 1.1% to 6.4% additional variance. Beliefs regarding, respectively, the importance of exercise in controlling diabetes, the need to east less, and enjoyment from eating sweet or fatty food, added unique variance. CONCLUSION: Beliefs about behaviour are at least as important as beliefs about illness in predicting several health-related behaviours. This suggests the possibility that behaviour change interventions with patient groups would be more effective by targeting beliefs about behaviour, rather than beliefs about illness.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/866/CN-00964866/frame.html										
S. French, A. Gerlach, N. Mitchell, P. Hannan and E. Welsh	2011	Household obesity prevention: Take Action--a group-randomized trial		Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)			19		10	2082-8						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Household obesity prevention: Take Action--a group-randomized trial								Pubmed 21212771						CN-00831218				The purpose of the present study was to evaluate an intervention to prevent weight gain among households (HHs) in the community. Ninety HHs were randomized to intervention or control group for 1 year. Intervention consisted of six face-to-face group sessions, placement of a television (TV) locking device on all home TVs, and home-based intervention activities. Measures were collected in person at baseline and 1 year. Weight, height, eating behaviors, physical activity (PA), and TV viewing were measured among HH members ages ? 12 years. Follow-up rate at 1 year was 96%. No significant intervention effects were observed for change in HH BMI-z score. Intervention HHs significantly reduced TV viewing, snacks/sweets intake, and dollars per person spent eating out, and increased (adults only) PA and self-weighing frequency compared with control HHs. A 1 year obesity prevention intervention targeting entire HHs was effective in reducing TV viewing, snack/sweets intake and eating out purchases. Innovative methods are needed to strengthen the home food environment intervention component. Longer intervention durations also need to be evaluated.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/218/CN-00831218/frame.html										
V. Frisardi and B. Imbimbo	2011	Gerontechnology for demented patients: Smart homes for smart aging		Journal of Alzheimer's disease			23		1	143-6						Journal: Review		Gerontechnology for demented patients: Smart homes for smart aging														CN-00888492				In an aging world, maintaining good health and independence for as long as possible is essential. Instead of hospitalization or institutionalization, the elderly with chronic conditions, especially those with cognitive impairment, can be assisted in their own environment with numerous 'smart' devices that support them in their activity of daily living. A "smart home" is a residence equipped with technology that facilitates monitoring of residents to improve quality of life and promote physical independence, as well as to reduce caregiver burden. Several projects worldwide have been conducted, but some ethical and legal issues are still unresolved and, at present, there is no evidence of the effects of smart homes on health outcomes. Randomized controlled trials are needed to understand the plus and minuses of these projects, but this will only be possible with a widespread proliferation and penetration of smart homes in the social network. 2011 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/492/CN-00888492/frame.html										
T.-C. Fu, C.-H. Wang, P.-S. Lin, C.-C. Hsu, W.-J. Cherng, S.-C. Huang, M.-H. Liu, C.-L. Chiang and J.-S. Wang	2013	Aerobic interval training improves oxygen uptake efficiency by enhancing cerebral and muscular hemodynamics in patients with heart failure		International journal of cardiology			167		1	41-50						Journal: Article		Aerobic interval training improves oxygen uptake efficiency by enhancing cerebral and muscular hemodynamics in patients with heart failure														CN-00906095				Background: Abnormal ventilatory/hemodynamic responses to exercise contribute to functional impairment in patients with heart failure (HF). This study investigates how interval and continuous exercise regimens influence functional capacity by modulating ventilatory efficiency and hemodynamic function in HF patients. Methods: Forty-five HF patients were randomized to perform either aerobic interval training (AIT; 3-minute intervals at 40% and 80% VO<sub>2peak</sub>) or moderate continuous training (MCT; sustained 60% VO <sub>2peak</sub>) for 30 min/day, 3 days/week for 12 weeks, or to a control group that received general healthcare (GHC). A noninvasive bio-reactance device was adopted to measure cardiac hemodynamics, whereas a near-infrared spectroscopy was employed to assess perfusion/O<sub>2</sub> extraction in frontal cerebral lobe (a+[THb]<sub>FC</sub> / a+[HHb]<sub>FC</sub>) and vastus lateralis (a+[THb]<sub>VL</sub> / a+[HHb] <sub>VL</sub>), respectively. Results: Following the 12-week intervention, the AIT group exhibited higher oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) and lower V<sub>E</sub>-VCO<sub>2</sub> slope than the MCT and GHC groups. Furthermore, AIT, but not MCT, boosted cardiac output (CO) and increased a +[THb]<sub>FC</sub>, a+[THb]<sub>VL</sub>, and a+[HHb]<sub>VL</sub> during exercise. In multivariate analyses, CO was the dominant predictor of VO<sub>2peak</sub>. a+[THb]<sub>FC</sub> and a+[THb] <sub>VL</sub>, which modulated the correlation between CO and OUES, were significantly correlated with OUES. Simultaneously, a+[THb] <sub>VL</sub> was the only factor significantly associated with V <sub>E</sub>-VCO<sub>2</sub> slope. Additionally, AIT reduced plasma brain natriuretic peptide, myeloperoxidase, and interleukin-6 levels and increased the Short Form-36 physical/mental component scores and decreased the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire score. Conclusions: AIT effectively improves oxygen uptake efficiency by enhancing cerebral/muscular hemodynamics and suppresses oxidative stress/inflammation associated with cardiac dysfunction, and also promotes generic/disease-specific qualities of life in patients with HF. 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/095/CN-00906095/frame.html										
Y. Fukuoka, J. Komatsu, L. Suarez, E. Vittinghoff, W. Haskell, T. Noorishad and K. Pham	2011	The mPED randomized controlled clinical trial: applying mobile persuasive technologies to increase physical activity in sedentary women protocol		BMC public health			11			933						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		The mPED randomized controlled clinical trial: applying mobile persuasive technologies to increase physical activity in sedentary women protocol								Pubmed 22168267						CN-00860443				BACKGROUND: Despite the significant health benefits of regular physical activity, approximately half of American adults, particularly women and minorities, do not meet the current physical activity recommendations. Mobile phone technologies are readily available, easily accessible and may provide a potentially powerful tool for delivering physical activity interventions. However, we need to understand how to effectively apply these mobile technologies to increase and maintain physical activity in physically inactive women. The purpose of this paper is to describe the study design and protocol of the mPED (mobile phone based physical activity education) randomized controlled clinical trial that examines the efficacy of a 3-month mobile phone and pedometer based physical activity intervention and compares two different 6-month maintenance interventions. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) with three arms; 1) PLUS (3-month mobile phone and pedometer based physical activity intervention and 6-month mobile phone diary maintenance intervention), 2) REGULAR (3-month mobile phone and pedometer based physical activity intervention and 6-month pedometer maintenance intervention), and 3) CONTROL (pedometer only, but no intervention will be conducted). A total of 192 physically inactive women who meet all inclusion criteria and successfully complete a 3-week run-in will be randomized into one of the three groups. The mobile phone serves as a means of delivering the physical activity intervention, setting individualized weekly physical activity goals, and providing self-monitoring (activity diary), immediate feedback and social support. The mobile phone also functions as a tool for communication and real-time data capture. The primary outcome is objectively measured physical activity. DISCUSSION: If efficacy of the intervention with a mobile phone is demonstrated, the results of this RCT will be able to provide new insights for current behavioral sciences and mHealth. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov#:NCTO1280812.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/443/CN-00860443/frame.html										
G. D. Fulk, S. A. Combs, K. A. Danks, C. D. Nirider, B. Raja and D. S. Reisman	2014	Accuracy of 2 Activity Monitors in Detecting Steps in People With Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury		Physical Therapy			94		2	222-229								Accuracy of 2 Activity Monitors in Detecting Steps in People With Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury		0031-9023												2012450371. Language: English. Entry Date: 20140207. Revision Date: 20140307. Publication Type: journal article				Background: Advances in sensor technologies and signal processing techniques provide a method to accurately measure walking activity in the home and community. Activity monitors geared toward consumer or patient use may be an alternative to more expensive monitors designed for research to measure stepping activity. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the accuracy of 2 consumer/patient activity monitors, the Fitbit Ultra and the Nike+ Fuelband, in identifying stepping activity in people with stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Secondarily, the study sought to compare the accuracy of these 2 activity monitors with that of the StepWatch Activity Monitor (SAM) and a pedometer, the Yamax Digi-Walker SW-701 pedometer (YDWP). Design: A cross-sectional design was used for this study. Method: People with chronic stroke and TBI wore the 4 activity monitors while they performed the Two-Minute Walk Test (2MWT), during which they were videotaped. Activity monitor estimated steps taken were compared with actual steps taken counted from videotape. Accuracy and agreement between activity monitor estimated steps and actual steps were examined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC [2,1]) and the Bland-Altman method. Results: The SAM demonstrated the greatest accuracy (ICC [2,1]=.97, mean difference between actual steps and SAM estimated steps=4.7 steps) followed by the Fitbit Ultra (ICC [2,1]=.73, mean difference between actual steps and Fitbit Ultra estimated steps=-9.7 steps), the YDWP (ICC [2,1]=.42, mean difference between actual steps and YDWP estimated steps=-28.8 steps), and the Nike+ Fuelband (ICC [2,1]=.20, mean difference between actual steps and Nike+ Fuelband estimated steps=-66.2 steps). Limitations: Walking activity was measured over a short distance in a closed environment, and participants were high functioning ambulators, with a mean gait speed of 0.93 m/s. Conclusions: The Fitbit Ultra may be a low-cost alternative to measure the stepping activity in level, predictable environments of people with stroke and TBI who can walk at speeds ≥0.58 m/s.	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Physical Therapy. Instrumentation: Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA); Berg Balance Scale; Two-Minute Walk Test (2MWT); Comfortable Gait Speed. No. of Refs: 45 ref. NLM UID: 0022623.
PMID: 24052577		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2012450371&site=ehost-live		Physical Therapy Department, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Ave, Potsdam, NY 13699 (USA)
Krannert School of Physical Therapy, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
Touchstone Neurorecovery Center, Conroe, Texas
College of Allied Health Professions, Western University, Pomona, California
Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware						rzh	EBSCOhost	
Z. Fuller, G. Horgan, L. M. O'Reilly, P. Ritz, E. Milne and R. J. Stubbs	2008	Comparing different measures of energy expenditure in human subjects resident in a metabolic facility		European Journal of Clinical Nutrition			62		4	560-9					Apr	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Comparing different measures of energy expenditure in human subjects resident in a metabolic facility	Eur J Clin Nutr	0954-3007												17392698				OBJECTIVE: To compare energy expenditure (EE) measured by doubly labeled water (DLW) with other measures, both physical and based on subjective questionnaires.
DESIGN: A comparison of methods in a stratified sample of adult volunteers.
SETTING: The feeding behaviour suite (FBS) at the Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen.
SUBJECTS: A total of 59 subjects, stratified for age, sex and body mass index (BMI).Interventions:EE was assessed by DLW (validated using measurements of energy balance), heart rate monitor (HRM), activity monitor (Caltrac), 24-h physical activity diary (PAD) and 7-day physical activity recall. Energy intake was assessed using covert (investigator-weighed) food intake (EI). Data were collected over a 12-day period of residence in the Rowett's FBS.
RESULTS: No methods correlated highly with physical activity assessed by DLW. Physical methods correlated more closely than did subjective recording. All methods (except EI) significantly underestimated EE, estimated by DLW. There were no significant differences in association between methods and sex, age, BMI or fat-free mass.
CONCLUSION: EE is difficult to measure precisely or accurately with current approaches but physical methods are slightly better than subjective accounts.	Fuller, Z
Horgan, G
O'Reilly, L M
Ritz, P
Milne, E
Stubbs, R J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17392698http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:17392698&id=doi:&issn=0954-3007&volume=62&issue=4&spage=560&pages=560-9&date=2008&title=European+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&atitle=Comparing+different+measures+of+energy+expenditure+in+human+subjects+resident+in+a+metabolic+facility.&aulast=Fuller&pid=%3Cauthor%3EFuller+Z%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E17392698%3C%2FAN%3E		Rowett Research Services, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, UK.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. Furber, L. Butler, P. Phongsavan, A. Mark and A. Bauman	2010	Randomised controlled trial of a pedometer-based telephone intervention to increase physical activity among cardiac patients not attending cardiac rehabilitation		Patient education and counseling			80		2	212-8						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Randomised controlled trial of a pedometer-based telephone intervention to increase physical activity among cardiac patients not attending cardiac rehabilitation								Pubmed 20022201						CN-00762364				OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of a pedometer-based telephone intervention on the physical activity levels of cardiac patients who did not attend a CRP. METHODS: A randomised controlled trial was conducted with 215 patients referred to a CRP but who could not or chose not to attend. The 6-week intervention included self-monitoring of physical activity using a pedometer and step calendar; and behavioural counselling and goal setting sessions. Data were collected at baseline, 6 weeks and 6 months. RESULTS: Study groups did not differ significantly at baseline. After 6 weeks, improvements in total physical activity time (p=0.027), total physical activity sessions (p=0.003), walking time (p=0.013) and walking sessions (p=0.002) in the intervention group were significantly greater than the control group after adjusting for baseline differences, and remained significant at 6 months. CONCLUSION: The findings that the pedometer-based telephone intervention was successful in increasing physical activity levels in cardiac patients who did not attend a CRP could result in major health benefits for this group of people. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The pedometer-based telephone intervention could be offered as an effective and accessible option for patients not attending a CRP to increase and maintain their physical activity levels after hospitalisation.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/364/CN-00762364/frame.html										
T. Furness, C. Joseph, G. Naughton, L. Welsh and C. Lorenzen	2014	Benefits of whole-body vibration to people with COPD: A community-based efficacy trial		BMC pulmonary medicine			14		1							Journal: Article		Benefits of whole-body vibration to people with COPD: A community-based efficacy trial														CN-00984524				Background:Benefits of community-based whole-body vibration (WBV) as a mode of exercise training for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have not been investigated. The low skill demand of WBV may enhance habitual sustainability to physical activity by people with COPD, provided efficacy of WBV can be established. The purpose of this trial was to compare a community-based WBV intervention with a sham WBV (SWBV) intervention and monitor exacerbations, exercise tolerance, and functional performance of the lower limbs of people with COPD.Methods:Community-dwelling adults with a GOLD clinical diagnosis of COPD were recruited to the trial. This was a Phase II efficacy trial with crossover to sham intervention interspersed with two-week washout. Each six-week intervention consisted of two sessions per week of either WBV or SWBV. The interventions were completed in the home of each participant under supervision. The outcome measures were selected psychological (perceived dyspnoea) and physiological (heart rate and oxygen saturation) responses to exercise, simulated activities of daily living (timed-up-and got test and 5-chair stands test), and selected kinematic variables of gait across the 14-week trial.Results:Sixteen adults with stable COPD were recruited to the trial. No exacerbations were reported during the WBV or SWBV interventions. After WBV, performance of activities of daily living (ADLs) and gait improved (p < 0.05), while there was no change after SWBV (p > 0.05). Despite five withdrawals during the washout period, a 100% compliance to each six-week intervention was noted.Conclusions:Results showed that WBV did not exacerbate symptoms of COPD that can be associated with physical inactivity. The WBV intervention improved tests to simulate ADLs such as rising from a chair, turning, and walking gait with greater effect than a SWBV intervention. If a placebo effect was systemic to the WBV intervention, the effect was negligible. As a standalone community-based intervention, WBV was an efficacious mode of exercise training for people with stable COPD that did not negatively effect exercise tolerance or exacerbate the disease, while concurrently improving functional performance of the lower limbs. 2014 Furness et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/524/CN-00984524/frame.html										
J. Gabriele, B. Carpenter, D. Tate and E. Fisher	2012	Directive and nondirective e-coach support for weight loss in overweight adults		Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine			41		2	252-63						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Directive and nondirective e-coach support for weight loss in overweight adults								Pubmed 21108032						CN-00787084				BACKGROUND: Although e-coach support increases the effectiveness of Internet weight loss interventions, no studies have assessed influence of type of e-coach support. PURPOSE: The effects of nondirective (collaborative, flexible) and directive (prescriptive, protocol driven) e-coach support on weight loss, dietary behavior, physical activity, and engagement were assessed in a 12-week weight loss e-coaching program. PROCEDURES: Overweight adults (N?=?104) were randomly assigned to nondirective, directive, or minimal support. All received weekly lessons and feedback graphs via e-mail. Participants in the nondirective and directive support conditions received individualized nondirective or directive weight loss support. RESULTS: For females, weight loss (?(2)?=?0.10) and changes in waist circumference (?(2)?=?0.07) were greater in the directive than in the nondirective and minimal support conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in type of e-coach support are salient to participants. Directive support is beneficial to females in a 12-week e-coach weight loss program.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/084/CN-00787084/frame.html										
E. Gadzicka, A. Bortkiewicz, M. Zmy?lony and C. Pa?czy?ski	1997	[Evaluation of selected functional circulation parameters of workers from various occupational groups exposed to electromagnetic fields of high frequency. III. 24-h monitoring of arterial blood pressure (ABP)]		Medycyna pracy			48		1	15-24						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; English Abstract; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		[Evaluation of selected functional circulation parameters of workers from various occupational groups exposed to electromagnetic fields of high frequency. III. 24-h monitoring of arterial blood pressure (ABP)]								Pubmed 9198713						CN-00140156				The problem of blood pressure regulation in persons occupationally exposed to electromagnetic fields (EMF) has not as yet been elucidated, and most data come from studies carried out long time ago (1960-70) in the former Soviet Union. Our study was aimed at verifying the Soviet data by means of modern methods. Together with traditional methods, a 24-h monitoring of arterial blood pressure (ABP) using a Medilog ABP kit (Oxford) were employed. Measurements were taken automatically every 0.5 h during daily activities and every 1 h during the night rest (about 41 measurements/day). The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were calculated over day (BPSDOver, BPDOver, HROver), during daily activities (HPDD, BPSD, HRD) and during the night rest (BPSN, BPDN, HRN). The subjective and objective examinations were carried out as well as resting ECG and a 24-h Holter were performed (the results have been published earlier). The study covered male workers of middlewave broadcast stations (71), radioservice (40) and radio line stations (42). The subjects were aged 21-60 years and the duration of their work with devices generating high frequency EMF ranged between 1 and 42 years. The first group of workers was exposed to EFM at the frequency of 1 Mhz, the second at about 150 Mhz and the third group, not exposed, served as the control group. The study revealed that the mean arterial blood pressure and the day/night blood pressure variability indicator showed no significant differences between the groups, whereas the daily heart rate was significantly lower in the workers of middlewave broadcast stations in comparison with the controls despite similar type of work as far as physical effort and psychic burden are concerned, and similar non-occupational activities. The day/night heart rate variability indicator was significantly lower in the groups exposed. The decreased value of this indicator may suggest the occurrence of disorders in the neurovegetative regulation. In persons employed at radioservice stations a higher incidence of the increased arterial blood pressure, in comparison with the control group, was observed.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/156/CN-00140156/frame.html										
R. S. Gailey, I. Gaunaurd, V. Agrawal, A. Finnieston, C. O'Toole and R. Tolchin	2012	Application of self-report and performance-based outcome measures to determine functional differences between four categories of prosthetic feet		Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development			49		4	597-612						Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Application of self-report and performance-based outcome measures to determine functional differences between four categories of prosthetic feet	J Rehabil Res Dev	1938-1352												22773262				We examined the application of outcome measures to determine changes in function caused by standardized functional prosthetic gait training and the use of four different prosthetic feet in people with unilateral transtibial limb loss. Two self-report measures (Prosthetic Evaluation Questionnaire-Mobility Scale [PEQ-13] and Locomotor Capabilities Index [LCI]), and three performance-based measures (Amputee Mobility Predictor with a prosthesis [AMPPRO], 6-minute walk test [6MWT] and step activity monitor [SAM]) were used. Ten people with unilateral transtibial limb loss, five with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and five without PVD, completed testing. Subjects were tested at baseline and after receiving training with their existing prosthesis and with the study socket and four prosthetic feet, i.e., SACH (solid ankle cushion heel), SAFE (stationary attachment flexible endoskeletal), Talux, and Proprio feet, over 8 to 10 weeks. Training was administered between testing sessions. No differences were detected by the PEQ-13, LCI, 6MWT, or SAM following training and after fitting with test feet. The AMPPRO demonstrated differences following training with the existing prosthesis in the PVD group and between selected feet from baseline testing ( p </= 0.05). Significant differences were found between the PVD and the non-PVD groups (p </= 0.05) in the AMPPRO and 6MWT when using the Proprio foot. Self-report measures were unable to detect differences between prosthetic feet.	Gailey, Robert S
Gaunaurd, Ignacio
Agrawal, Vibhor
Finnieston, Adam
O'Toole, Christopher
Tolchin, Ronald		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22773262http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22773262&id=doi:&issn=0748-7711&volume=49&issue=4&spage=597&pages=597-612&date=2012&title=Journal+of+Rehabilitation+Research+%26+Development&atitle=Application+of+self-report+and+performance-based+outcome+measures+to+determine+functional+differences+between+four+categories+of+prosthetic+feet.&aulast=Gailey&pid=%3Cauthor%3EGailey+RS%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22773262%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Physical Therapy, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA. rgailey@umail.miami.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. M. Gaines	2005	Comparison of the Step Activity Monitor and Yale Physical Activity Survey among older adults		Geriatric Nursing			26		6	350-350								Comparison of the Step Activity Monitor and Yale Physical Activity Survey among older adults		0197-4572												2009141237. Language: English. Entry Date: 20060414. Revision Date: 20091218. Publication Type: journal article					abstract; research. Journal Subset: Core Nursing; Nursing; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Gerontologic Care. Instrumentation: Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS). NLM UID: 8309633.		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2009141237&site=ehost-live		Research Associate, The Erickson Foundation, Baltimore, Maryland						rzh	EBSCOhost	
J. Gajewska, W. Klemarczyk, J. Ambroszkiewicz, M. Che?chowska, A. Riahi, A. Zieli?ska, M. O?tarzewski and T. Laskowska-Klita	2010	[Effect of weight reduction programme on C-peptide concentration and lipid profile in obese children aged 4 to 10 years]		Medycyna wieku rozwojowego			14		4	357-64						Controlled Clinical Trial; English Abstract;		[Effect of weight reduction programme on C-peptide concentration and lipid profile in obese children aged 4 to 10 years]								Pubmed 21462480						CN-00778349				INTRODUCTION: Early childhood obesity may play an important role in development of the metabolic syndrome characterized by abnormalities in several major cardiovascular risk factors. Only a few studies demonstrate that weight reduction leads to an improvement of the atherogenic risk-factor profile in prepubertal children. AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the concentration of C-peptide and selected parameters of lipid profile in prepubertal obese children before and after weight reduction therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Changes in nutrition, anthropometric and biochemical parameters including C-peptide concentration and lipid profile were determined in 52 obese children (z-score BMI > or =2SD) aged 4-10 years, before and after a 3-months lifestyle intervention programme. This programme consisted of dietary (1200-1400 kcal/day) and physical activity modifications and behaviour therapy, including individual psychological care of the child and its family. The reference group consisted of 30 healthy normal-weight children. Total cholesterol, LDL and HDL-cholesterol and triglicerydes levels were measured by routine enzymatic methods. Concentration of C-peptide was determined using the immunoenzymatic kit. RESULTS: All obese children were divided into two groups: A and B. In group A with decreased BMI by 10% (25.4 +/- 3.1 vs. 22.8 +/- 2.9 kg/mi; p < 0.01) after the 3-months therapy we found also decreased concentrations of triglicerydes and C-peptide by about 20% (77.9 +/- 28.5 vs. 60.7 +/- 17.5 mg/dl; p < 0.02) and 35% (2.96 +/- 1.52 vs. 1.94 +/- 1.40 ng/ml; p < 0.05) respectively. In group B, without changes in the BMI during therapy, no significant differences in these biochemical parameters were observed. Moreover, higher level of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol by 10% (p < 0.05) observed in this group may be related to dietary cholesterol, which was similar both at baseline and 3 months later. CONCLUSION: We suggest that weight-reduction programme is necessary in prepubertal obese children with abnormal lipid profile as a prevention of metabolic syndrome in later life. Our findings support the beneficial effects of weight reduction programme if it is accepted by obese children and their parents. Additionally, we suggest, that C-peptide may be useful in monitoring of this therapy. Further studies with longer term intervention are needed to confirm the value of this biochemical marker in the management of prepubertal obese children.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/349/CN-00778349/frame.html										
R. Galera, R. Casitas, E. Martínez, V. Lores, B. Rojo, C. Carpio, C. Llontop and F. García-Río	2012	Exercise oxygen flow titration methods in COPD patients with respiratory failure		Respiratory medicine			106		11	1544-50						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Exercise oxygen flow titration methods in COPD patients with respiratory failure								Pubmed 22819520						CN-00879527				We compare the adequacy of several titration procedures of oxygen flow in maintaining SpO(2) > 90% during the activities of daily life in patients with very severe COPD. Thirty-one very severe COPD patients undergoing oxygen-therapy were recruited. Three titration methods were randomly performed: (1) 6-min walking tests; (2) cycle-ergometer constant work-rate tests at a load equivalent to 12 ml/min/kg of oxygen uptake; (3) one single constant work-rate test at 40 W 12-h pulse-oximeter monitoring was performed on four consecutive days with the following oxygen flow during exercise: 1 l·min(-1) above the resting prescription (NOTT guidelines) and those established by the titration procedures. The time spent SpO(2) < 90% was higher for the titration based on NOTT and walking tests than for the oxygen flow established by the constant work-rate tests at 12 ml O(2)/min/kg (22.1 ± 18.7, 20.8 ± 19.5 and 6.7 ± 12.7%, respectively). As for the oxygen uptake-based titration, the simplified procedure (a single exercise test at 40 w) generates longer times spent SpO(2) < 90% and SpO(2) < 85%, although it maintains a SpO(2) > 90% for more 90% of the time. In COPD patients, exercise oxygen flow titrations by NOTT guidelines or walking tests do not allow a suitable oxygenation during the activities of daily life. Two more adequate alternative methods, based on constant work-rate tests, are proposed.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/527/CN-00879527/frame.html										
F. Galetta, F. Franzoni, P. Fallahi, M. Rossi, A. Carpi, D. Rubello, A. Antonelli and G. Santoro	2006	Heart rate variability and QT dispersion in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism		Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomédecine & pharmacothérapie			60		8	425-30						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Heart rate variability and QT dispersion in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism								Pubmed 16930934						CN-00571826				UNLABELLED: The effect of subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) on cardiovascular autonomic function and ventricular repolarization has not been yet elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the dispersion of QT interval, i.e. an index of inhomogeneity of repolarization, and heart rate variability (HRV), i.e. a measure of cardiac autonomic modulation, in SH patients. METHODS: The study included 42 patients (29 women and 13 men; mean age 53.2+/-14.2 years; body surface area 1.76+/-0.14 m2) with SH, as judged by elevated serum TSH levels (>3.6 mIU/l; range, 3.8-12.0) and normal free thyroid hormones (FT4 and FT3) and 30 euthyroid volunteer. Subjects with cardiac, metabolic, neurological disease or any other systemic disease that could affect autonomic activity were excluded from the study. Patients with SH and control subjects underwent a full history, physical examination, standard 12-lead ECG, and 24-h ambulatory ECG monitoring. To evaluate the effect of treatment with L-thyroxine on QT dispersion and HRV, 15 patients with SH were randomly assigned to receive therapy with L-thyroxine. All the subjects were evaluated at enrolment and after 6 months. RESULTS: Patients with SH showed higher QT dispersion and lower HRV measures than healthy controls (P<0.01 for all). In SH patients, the standard deviation of N-Ns (SDNN) was negatively related to TSH (r=-0.42, P=0.006), while low frequency (LF)/high frequency (HF) ratio was positively related to TSH (r=0.42, P=0.006). Moreover, in SH patients both QT dispersion and QTc dispersion were positively related to TSH (r=0.64 and r=0.63, P<0.001 for both). After 6 months, the patients treated with L-tiroxine exhibited a reduction of QT dispersion and an increase of HRV parameters. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study demonstrated that SH can alter autonomic modulation of heart rate and cause increased inhomogeneity of ventricular recovery times. Accordingly, early L-thyroxine treatment may be advised not only to prevent progression to overt hypothyroidism but also to improve abnormal cardiac autonomic function and ventricular repolarization inhomogeneity.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/826/CN-00571826/frame.html										
J. Gandy, J. Meeding, J. Snyman and C. Rensburg	2012	Phase 1 clinical study of the acute and subacute safety and proof-of-concept efficacy of carbohydrate-derived fulvic acid		Clinical Pharmacology: Advances and Applications			4		1	7-11						Journal: Article		Phase 1 clinical study of the acute and subacute safety and proof-of-concept efficacy of carbohydrate-derived fulvic acid														CN-00897179				Background: The purpose of this research was to determine the acute and subacute safety and proof-of-concept efficacy of carbohydrate-derived fulvic acid (CHD-FA). Methods: In this double-blind study, 30 male volunteers with predetermined atopy were randomly assigned to either Group A or Group B, each consisting of 15 participants. In part 1 of the study, the groups were administered increasing amounts of CHD-FA, ranging from 5 mL to 40 mL, provided that no adverse events had occurred at the previous dosage. In part 2, Group A participants received 20 mL of 3.8% CHD-FA twice daily for 3 days and were monitored for a week. Because no adverse events occurred, Group B received 40 mL of 3.8% CHD-FA twice daily for a period of 3 days. In part 3, both groups received either 40 mL of 3.8% CHD-FA or placebo twice daily for a period of one week, followed by a one-week washout period before crossover to the alternative treatment schedule. Parameters used to establish safety were electrocardiography, a physical examination, a health questionnaire, and hematology and biochemistry, determined at baseline, during regular calculated intervals, and at the end of each part of the study. A skin prick test was done as part of the screening process and, from the result, the allergen the participant was most allergic to was then selected, along with the positive histamine and negative control to be repeated at the start and end of each respective stage. Results: Safety parameters remained constant throughout the trial. A significant decrease in skin prick test results was observed. Conclusion: No severe adverse events occurred, establishing that CHD-FA to be safe at doses up to 40 mL twice daily for a week and that at this dosage CHD-FA acts as an anti-inflammatory agent. These findings confirm earlier animal data. 2012 Gandy et al, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/179/CN-00897179/frame.html										
L. García-Ortiz, J. Recio-Rodríguez, C. Martín-Cantera, A. Cabrejas-Sánchez, A. Gómez-Arranz, N. González-Viejo, N. E. Iturregui-San, M. Patino-Alonso and M. Gómez-Marcos	2010	Physical exercise, fitness and dietary pattern and their relationship with circadian blood pressure pattern, augmentation index and endothelial dysfunction biological markers: EVIDENT study protocol		BMC public health			10			233						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Physical exercise, fitness and dietary pattern and their relationship with circadian blood pressure pattern, augmentation index and endothelial dysfunction biological markers: EVIDENT study protocol								Pubmed 20459634						CN-00783858				BACKGROUND: Healthy lifestyles may help to delay arterial aging. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship of physical activity and dietary pattern to the circadian pattern of blood pressure, central and peripheral blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, carotid intima-media thickness and biological markers of endothelial dysfunction in active and sedentary individuals without arteriosclerotic disease. METHODS/DESIGN: Design: A cross-sectional multicenter study with six research groups.Subjects: From subjects of the PEPAF project cohort, in which 1,163 who were sedentary became active, 1,942 were sedentary and 2,346 were active. By stratified random sampling, 1,500 subjects will be included, 250 in each group.Primary measurements: We will evaluate height, weight, abdominal circumference, clinical and ambulatory blood pressure with the Radial Pulse Wave Acquisition Device (BPro), central blood pressure and augmentation index with Pulse Wave Application Software (A-Pulse) and SphymgoCor System Px (Pulse Wave Analysis), pulse wave velocity (PWV) with SphymgoCor System Px (Pulse Wave Velocity), nutritional pattern with a food intake frequency questionnaire, physical activity with the 7-day PAR questionnaire and accelerometer (Actigraph GT3X), physical fitness with the cycle ergometer (PWC-170), carotid intima-media thickness by ultrasound (Micromax), and endothelial dysfunction biological markers (endoglin and osteoprotegerin). DISCUSSION: Determining that sustained physical activity and the change from sedentary to active as well as a healthy diet improve circadian pattern, arterial elasticity and carotid intima-media thickness may help to propose lifestyle intervention programs. These interventions could improve the cardiovascular risk profile in some parameters not routinely assessed with traditional risk scales. From the results of this study, interventional approaches could be obtained to delay vascular aging that combine physical exercise and diet. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT01083082.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/858/CN-00783858/frame.html										
A. W. Gardner, P. S. Montgomery, K. J. Scott, A. Afaq and S. M. Blevins	2007	Patterns of ambulatory activity in subjects with and without intermittent claudication		Journal of Vascular Surgery			46		6	1208-14					Dec	Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Patterns of ambulatory activity in subjects with and without intermittent claudication	J Vasc Surg	0741-5214					NIHMS37748
PMC2222553							17919876				PURPOSE: This study compared the patterns of ambulatory activity in subjects with and without intermittent claudication.
METHODS: The study participants were 98 subjects limited by intermittent claudication and 129 controls who were matched for age, gender, and race. Subjects were assessed on their ambulatory activity patterns for 1 week with a small, lightweight step activity monitor attached to the ankle using elastic Velcro (Velcro Industries BV, Manchester, NH) straps above the lateral malleolus of the right leg. The step activity monitor recorded the number of strides taken on a minute-to-minute basis, the time spent ambulating, and the time and number of strides measured at low (<15 strides/min), medium (15 to 30 strides/min), and high (>30 strides/min) cadences.
RESULTS: Subjects with intermittent claudication took fewer total strides each day than the controls (3149 +/- 1557 strides/d vs 4230 +/- 1708 strides/d; P < .001) and fewer strides at medium (1228 +/- 660 strides/day vs 1638 +/- 724 strides/day; P = .001) and high (766 +/- 753 strides/day vs 1285 +/- 1029 strides/day; P < .001) cadences. Subjects with intermittent claudication also had a lower daily average cadence than the controls (11.8 +/- 2.9 strides/min vs 13.5 +/- 3.1 strides/min; P < .001) and spent less total time ambulating each day (264 +/- 109 min/day vs 312 +/- 96 min/day; P = .034), primarily at medium (58 +/- 30 min/day vs 75 +/- 32 min/day; P < .001) and at high (19 +/- 17 min/day vs 30 +/- 22 min/day; P = .001) cadences.
CONCLUSION: Intermittent claudication is associated with lower total daily ambulatory activity owing both to less time ambulating and to fewer strides taken while ambulating, particularly at moderate and high cadences.	Gardner, Andrew W
Montgomery, Polly S
Scott, Kristy J
Afaq, Azhar
Blevins, Steve M
MO1-RR-14467 (United States NCRR NIH HHS)
R01 AG016685-01A1 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
R01-AG-16685 (United States NIA NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17919876http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:17919876&id=doi:&issn=0741-5214&volume=46&issue=6&spage=1208&pages=1208-14&date=2007&title=Journal+of+Vascular+Surgery&atitle=Patterns+of+ambulatory+activity+in+subjects+with+and+without+intermittent+claudication.&aulast=Gardner&pid=%3Cauthor%3EGardner+AW%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E17919876%3C%2FAN%3E		CMRI Metabolic Research Center, and Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA. andrew-gardner@ ouhsc.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

A. W. Gardner, P. S. Montgomery, K. J. Scott, S. M. Blevins, A. Afaq and R. Nael	2008	Association between daily ambulatory activity patterns and exercise performance in patients with intermittent claudication		Journal of Vascular Surgery			48		5	1238-44					Nov	Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Association between daily ambulatory activity patterns and exercise performance in patients with intermittent claudication	J Vasc Surg	1097-6809					NIHMS77973
PMC3245986							18771878				PURPOSE: To determine the association between daily ambulatory activity patterns and exercise performance in patients with intermittent claudication.
METHODS: One hundred thirty-three patients limited by intermittent claudication participated in this study. Patients were assessed on their ambulatory activity patterns for 1 week with a small, lightweight step activity monitor attached to the ankle using elastic velcro straps above the lateral malleolus of the right leg. The step activity monitor recorded the number of strides taken on a minute-to-minute basis and the time spent ambulating. Patients also were characterized on ankle-brachial index (ABI), ischemic window (IW) after a treadmill test, as well as initial claudication distance (ICD), and absolute claudication distance (ACD) during treadmill exercise.
RESULTS: The patient characteristics (mean +/- SD) were as follows: ABI = 0.71 +/- 0.23, IW = 0.54 +/- 0.72 mm Hg.min.meter(-1), ICD = 236 +/- 198 meters, and ACD = 424 +/- 285 meters. The patients took 3366 +/- 1694 strides/day, and were active for 272 +/- 103 min/day. The cadence for the 30 highest, consecutive minutes of each day (15.1 +/- 7.2 strides/min) was correlated with ICD (r = 0.316, P < .001) and ACD (r = 0.471, P < 0.001), and the cadence for the 60 highest, consecutive minutes of each day (11.1 +/- 5.4 strides/min) was correlated with ICD (r = 0.290, P < .01) and ACD (r = 0.453, P < .001). Similarly, the cadences for the highest 1, 5, and 20 consecutive minutes, and the cadence for the 30 highest, nonconsecutive minutes all were correlated with ICD and ACD (P < .05). None of the ambulatory cadences were correlated with ABI (P > .05) or with ischemic window (P > .05).
CONCLUSION: Daily ambulatory cadences are associated with severity of intermittent claudication, as measured by ACD and ICD, but not with peripheral hemodynamic measures.	Gardner, Andrew W
Montgomery, Polly S
Scott, Kristy J
Blevins, Steve M
Afaq, Azhar
Nael, Raha
M01 RR014467-01A1 (United States NCRR NIH HHS)
M01-RR-14467 (United States NCRR NIH HHS)
R01 AG016685-01A1 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
R01 AG024296-01A2 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
R01-AG-16685 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
R01-AG-24296 (United States NIA NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18771878http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:18771878&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.jvs.2008.06.062&issn=0741-5214&volume=48&issue=5&spage=1238&pages=1238-44&date=2008&title=Journal+of+Vascular+Surgery&atitle=Association+between+daily+ambulatory+activity+patterns+and+exercise+performance+in+patients+with+intermittent+claudication.&aulast=Gardner&pid=%3Cauthor%3EGardner+AW%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E18771878%3C%2FAN%3E		CMRI Metabolic Research Program, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA. andrew-gardner@ouhsc.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

A. W. Gardner, D. E. Parker, P. S. Montgomery, A. Khurana, R. M. Ritti-Dias and S. M. Blevins	2010	Gender differences in daily ambulatory activity patterns in patients with intermittent claudication		Journal of Vascular Surgery			52		5	1204-10					Nov	Comparative Study
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Gender differences in daily ambulatory activity patterns in patients with intermittent claudication	J Vasc Surg	1097-6809					NIHMS230515
PMC2974800							20692790				OBJECTIVES: To compare the pattern of daily ambulatory activity in men and women with intermittent claudication, and to determine whether calf muscle hemoglobin oxygen saturation (StO2) is associated with daily ambulatory activity.
METHODS: Forty men and 41 women with peripheral arterial disease limited by intermittent claudication were assessed on their community-based ambulatory activity patterns for 1 week with an ankle-mounted step activity monitor and on calf muscle StO2 during a treadmill test.
RESULTS: Women had lower adjusted daily maximal cadence (mean+SE) for 5 continuous minutes of ambulation (26.2+1.2 strides/min vs 31.0+1.2 strides/min; P=.009), for 1 minute of ambulation (43.1+0.9 strides/min vs 47.2+0.9 strides/min; P=.004), and for intermittent ambulation determined by the peak activity index (26.3+1.2 strides/min vs 31.0+1.2 strides/min; P=.009). Women also had lower adjusted time to minimum calf muscle StO2 during exercise (P=.048), which was positively associated with maximal cadence for 5 continuous minutes (r=0.51; P<.01), maximal cadence for 1 minute (r=0.42; P<.05), and peak activity index (r=0.44; P<.05). These associations were not significant in men.
CONCLUSION: Women with intermittent claudication ambulate slower in the community setting than men, particularly for short continuous durations of up to 5 minutes and during intermittent ambulation at peak cadences. Furthermore, the daily ambulatory cadences of women are correlated with their calf muscle StO2 during exercise, as women who walk slower in the community setting reach their minimum calf muscle StO2 sooner than those who walk at faster paces. Women with intermittent claudication should be encouraged to not only walk more on a daily basis, but to do so at a pace that is faster than their preferred speed. Copyright 2010 Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.	Gardner, Andrew W
Parker, Donald E
Montgomery, Polly S
Khurana, Aman
Ritti-Dias, Raphael M
Blevins, Steve M
M01-RR-14467 (United States NCRR NIH HHS)
R01 AG024296-01A2 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
R01-AG-24296 (United States NIA NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=20692790http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:20692790&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.jvs.2010.05.115&issn=0741-5214&volume=52&issue=5&spage=1204&pages=1204-10&date=2010&title=Journal+of+Vascular+Surgery&atitle=Gender+differences+in+daily+ambulatory+activity+patterns+in+patients+with+intermittent+claudication.&aulast=Gardner&pid=%3Cauthor%3EGardner+AW%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E20692790%3C%2FAN%3E		CMRI Diabetes and Metabolic Research Program, Harold Hamm Oklahoma Diabetes Center, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Department of Boistatistics and Epidemiology, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA. andrew-gardner@ouhsc.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

A. W. Gardner, D. E. Parker, P. S. Montgomery, K. J. Scott and S. M. Blevins	2011	Efficacy of quantified home-based exercise and supervised exercise in patients with intermittent claudication: a randomized controlled trial		Circulation			123		5	491-8					Feb 8	Comparative Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Efficacy of quantified home-based exercise and supervised exercise in patients with intermittent claudication: a randomized controlled trial	Circulation	1524-4539					NIHMS265939
PMC3154843							21262997				BACKGROUND: This prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial compared changes in exercise performance and daily ambulatory activity in peripheral artery disease patients with intermittent claudication after a home-based exercise program, a supervised exercise program, and usual-care control.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Of the 119 patients randomized, 29 completed home-based exercise, 33 completed supervised exercise, and 30 completed usual-care control. Both exercise programs consisted of intermittent walking to nearly maximal claudication pain for 12 weeks. Patients wore a step activity monitor during each exercise session. Primary outcome measures included claudication onset time and peak walking time obtained from a treadmill exercise test; secondary outcome measures included daily ambulatory cadences measured during a 7-day monitoring period. Adherence to home-based and supervised exercise was similar (P=0.712) and exceeded 80%. Both exercise programs increased claudication onset time (P<0.001) and peak walking time (P<0.01), whereas only home-based exercise increased daily average cadence (P<0.01). No changes were seen in the control group (P>0.05). The changes in claudication onset time and peak walking time were similar between the 2 exercise groups (P>0.05), whereas the change in daily average cadence was greater with home-based exercise (P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: A home-based exercise program, quantified with a step activity monitor, has high adherence and is efficacious in improving claudication measures similar to a standard supervised exercise program. Furthermore, home-based exercise appears more efficacious in increasing daily ambulatory activity in the community setting than supervised exercise.	Gardner, Andrew W
Parker, Donald E
Montgomery, Polly S
Scott, Kristy J
Blevins, Steve M
Comment in: J Vasc Nurs. 2011 Sep;29(3):126-7; PMID: 21867905
M01-RR-14467 (United States NCRR NIH HHS)
R01 AG 24296 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
R01 AG024296-01A2 (United States NIA NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21262997http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21262997&id=doi:10.1161%2FCIRCULATIONAHA.110.963066&issn=0009-7322&volume=123&issue=5&spage=491&pages=491-8&date=2011&title=Circulation&atitle=Efficacy+of+quantified+home-based+exercise+and+supervised+exercise+in+patients+with+intermittent+claudication%3A+a+randomized+controlled+trial.&aulast=Gardner&pid=%3Cauthor%3EGardner+AW%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21262997%3C%2FAN%3E		CMRI Diabetes and Metabolic Research Program, Harold Hamm Oklahoma Diabetes Center, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, 1122 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA. andrew-gardner@ouhsc.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

A. Gardner, D. Parker, P. Montgomery, K. Scott and S. Blevins	2011	Efficacy of quantified home-based exercise and supervised exercise in patients with intermittent claudication: a randomized controlled trial		Circulation			123		5	491-8						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Efficacy of quantified home-based exercise and supervised exercise in patients with intermittent claudication: a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 21262997						CN-00778737				BACKGROUND: This prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial compared changes in exercise performance and daily ambulatory activity in peripheral artery disease patients with intermittent claudication after a home-based exercise program, a supervised exercise program, and usual-care control. METHODS AND RESULTS: Of the 119 patients randomized, 29 completed home-based exercise, 33 completed supervised exercise, and 30 completed usual-care control. Both exercise programs consisted of intermittent walking to nearly maximal claudication pain for 12 weeks. Patients wore a step activity monitor during each exercise session. Primary outcome measures included claudication onset time and peak walking time obtained from a treadmill exercise test; secondary outcome measures included daily ambulatory cadences measured during a 7-day monitoring period. Adherence to home-based and supervised exercise was similar (P=0.712) and exceeded 80%. Both exercise programs increased claudication onset time (P<0.001) and peak walking time (P<0.01), whereas only home-based exercise increased daily average cadence (P<0.01). No changes were seen in the control group (P>0.05). The changes in claudication onset time and peak walking time were similar between the 2 exercise groups (P>0.05), whereas the change in daily average cadence was greater with home-based exercise (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A home-based exercise program, quantified with a step activity monitor, has high adherence and is efficacious in improving claudication measures similar to a standard supervised exercise program. Furthermore, home-based exercise appears more efficacious in increasing daily ambulatory activity in the community setting than supervised exercise.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/737/CN-00778737/frame.html										
J. Garrigo, I. Danta and T. Ahmed	1996	Time course of the protective effect of inhaled heparin on exercise-induced asthma		American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine			153		5	1702-7						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Time course of the protective effect of inhaled heparin on exercise-induced asthma								Pubmed 8630624						CN-00124474				We have previously shown that heparin attenuates allergic bronchoconstriction in sheep, inhibits anti-IgE mediated histamine release in isolated mast cells, and prevents the bronchoconstrictor response in subjects with exercise-induced asthma (EIA). The purpose of the present study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of anti-asthmatic activity of inhaled heparin in EIA and compare it with cromolyn sodium, a mast cell stabilizing agent with established efficacy in EIA. Nine subjects with a history of EIA were studied on 10 different experiment days. After obtaining baseline pulmonary functions on day 1, subjects performed a standardized exercise challenge to document the presence of EIA. While monitoring minute ventilation and heart rate, exercise challenge was performed on a treadmill with increasing workload, until 85% of predicted maximum heart rate was achieved. The subjects then continued the exercise at that workload for 10 min. EIA was assessed by measurements of specific airway conductance (SGaw) before and after exercise. On experiment days 2-10, the exercise challenge was performed after the subjects inhaled 4 ml of either heparin (20,000 u/ml), cromolyn (20 mg), or placebo solutions with increasing pretreatment intervals of 15 min, 1 h, 3 h, or 6 h in a single-blind, randomized fashion. Maximum decreases in SGaw (mean +/- SE) at 3 to 5 min after exercise on control (39 +/- 2.1%) and placebo (37 +/- 2.6%) days were reproducible. Heparin and cromolyn had no effect on baseline SGaw but attenuated the EIA in a time-dependent fashion. Heparin inhibited the bronchoconstrictor responses to exercise by 58%, 78%, and 67% (p < 0.05) when nebulized 15 min, 1 h and 3 h, respectively, before exercise; cromolyn attenuated the responses by 37%, 46%, and 41%, respectively, (p < 0.05). Although heparin offered greater protection than cromolyn (at 1 to 3 h), both agents were ineffective when administered 6 h before exercise. These data demonstrate that inhaled heparin prevents EIA for up to 3 h and is more effective than cromolyn.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/474/CN-00124474/frame.html										
M. Garssen, P. Schmitz, I. Merkies, B. Jacobs, F. Meché and P. Doorn	2006	Amantadine for treatment of fatigue in Guillain-Barre syndrome: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover trial		Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry			77		1	61-5						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Amantadine for treatment of fatigue in Guillain-Barre syndrome: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover trial								Pubmed 16361594						CN-00553649				OBJECTIVE: Fatigue is a major complaint in patients with immune mediated polyneuropathies. Despite apparently good physical recovery after Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), many patients remain restricted in daily and social activities, and have a decreased quality of life. In this trial, the effect of amantadine on severe fatigue related to GBS was studied. METHODS: During the pre-treatment phase, all patients were monitored for 2 weeks. Only patients with severe fatigue, defined as a mean fatigue score of > or = 5.0 on the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), were randomised for this double blind, placebo controlled, crossover study. Primary outcome measure was improvement of at least 1 point on the FSS. Secondary outcome measures were impact of fatigue, anxiety and depression, handicap, and quality of life. RESULTS: In total, 80 patients with GBS were randomised, of whom 74 were included for analysis. Fatigue appeared to be reduced already during the pre-treatment phase (p = 0.05), probably due to increased attention provided to the patients. No significant differences in any of the primary and secondary outcome measures were found. CONCLUSIONS: Amantadine was not superior to placebo. Because fatigue remains a serious complaint, other studies evaluating new treatment options are strongly recommended.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/649/CN-00553649/frame.html										
A. Gaskins, S. Mumford, J. Wactawski-Wende and E. Schisterman	2012	Effect of daily fiber intake on luteinizing hormone levels in reproductive-aged women		European journal of nutrition			51		2	249-53						Journal: Article		Effect of daily fiber intake on luteinizing hormone levels in reproductive-aged women														CN-00900690				Purpose: To evaluate whether the association between fiber intake and LH levels is driven by the association between fiber and estradiol, or whether there is an independent association. Methods: A prospective cohort of 259 premenopausal women were followed for up to 2 menstrual cycles. Estrogen and LH were measured <8 times per cycle at visits scheduled using fertility monitors. Diet was assessed <4 times per cycle by 24-h recall. Linear mixed models on the log scale of hormones were utilized to evaluate the total effects of fiber intake. Inverse probability weights were utilized to estimate the independent effect of fiber on LH levels. Results: In unweighted analyses, we observed a significant, inverse association between fiber intake (in 5 g/day increments) and log LH levels (beta, -0.051, 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.100, -0.002). No association was observed in the weighted analyses, after estradiol levels were taken into account (beta, -0.016, 95% CI, -0.060, 0.027). Conclusions: The decreased levels of LH associated with high fiber intake were attenuated after taking estradiol levels into account, suggesting that the association between fiber and LH is most likely a consequence of fiber's impact on estradiol and not due to an independent mechanism. Springer-Verlag (outside the USA) 2011.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/690/CN-00900690/frame.html										
S. Gastinger, H. Sefati, G. Nicolas, A. Sorel, A. Gratas-Delamarche and J. Prioux	2011	A new method to estimate energy expenditure from abdominal and rib cage distances		European journal of applied physiology			111		11	2823-35						Randomized Controlled Trial; Validation Studies		A new method to estimate energy expenditure from abdominal and rib cage distances								Pubmed 21416146						CN-00812308				The aim of this paper is to validate a new method of energy expenditure (EE) estimation stemming solely from the measurement of rib cage, abdominal and chest wall distances. We set out to prove that the variations of these distances, measured by two pairs of electromagnetic coils, lead to the estimation of the ventilation (VE) and the EE. Eleven subjects were recruited to take part in this study (27.6 ± 5.4 years; 73.7 ± 9.7 kg). Each subject participated in two tests. The objective of Test 1 was to determine the individual and group equations between the VE and EE during light to moderate activities while Test 2 compared the two pairs of electromagnetic coils with the indirect calorimetry so as to estimate EE in upright sitting and standing positions and during walking exercises. During Test 2, we compared EE measured by indirect calorimetry (EE(IC-Val-REF)) with EE estimated by the two pairs of electromagnetic coils through the application of: (1) the individual equation (EE(mag-Val-INDIV)) and (2) the group equation (EE(mag-val-GROUP)). The results show that there is no significant difference between EE(IC-Val-REF) and EE(mag-Val-INDIV) and between EE(IC-Val-REF) and EE(mag-val-GROUP) for each activity. Furthermore, the mean difference seems to show that the estimation of EE is better with the group equation. In conclusion, on the proven basis of this study we are able to validate this new method which permits the estimation of EE from abdominal and rib cage distances. This study also highlights the advantage of using a group equation to the estimate EE.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/308/CN-00812308/frame.html										
P. Gaul-Alácová, J. Boucek, P. Stejskal, M. Kryl, P. Pastucha and F. Pavlík	2005	Assessment of the influence of exercise on heart rate variability in anxiety patients		Neuro endocrinology letters			26		6	713-8						Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Assessment of the influence of exercise on heart rate variability in anxiety patients								Pubmed 16380702						CN-00561870				OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to determine the status of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in anxiety disorder patients and to evaluate possible exercise intervention in order to improve the ANS and overall psychiatric status of patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The ANS function was monitored via means of heart rate variability (HRV) changes during a 6-week hospitalization at the Psychiatric Clinic of University Hospital in Olomouc. The status of ANS was monitored by the new evaluation method of spectral analysis (SA) of HRV. The research involved 43 anxiety patients (29 women and 14 men) who underwent six weeks of intensive psychotherapy; part of the test group also participated in regular aerobic exercise. RESULTS: In the sense of autonomic dysfunction we can not give clear-cut answers to the question whether the autonomic dysfunction could be one of the predictors of anxiety disorder, although our results suggest lower vagal representation in the spectra. Unlike in the healthy population the exercise had a positive impact only on a limited number of patients. Regular endurance exercise on a stationary bicycle had a positive impact on the ANS efficiency only in patients with primary ANS activity reduction. In patients with normal ANS efficiency the exercise intervention had no effect; in some cases we even found activity reduction during the hospitalization period. However, the exercise had a positive effect on the course and outcome of the applied therapy in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: ANS disturbances have not been exhibited in some patients suffering from anxiety disorder. Due to the positive impact of regular physical activity on cardiovascular, metabolic, neural, and psychological changes in organism, monitored exercise should be implemented into therapeutic programs for patients with anxiety disorders.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/870/CN-00561870/frame.html										
C. Gauthier-Gagnon, D. St-Pierre, G. Drouin and E. Riley	1986	Augmented sensory feedback in the early training of standing balance of below-knee amputees		Physiotherapy Canada			38		3	137-42								Augmented sensory feedback in the early training of standing balance of below-knee amputees														CN-00180717				This study investigated the relative effectiveness of two treatment modalities used in the early rehabilitation of weight-shifting activities of elderly below-knee (BK) amputees - augmented sensory feedback vs. the traditional approach. Eleven amputees were randomly allocated to two groups. The experimental group (n = 5) used audio feedback from a Limb Load Monitor during the standing balance exercises, whereas the control group (n = 6) used mirrors and verbal feedback. Sway and weight-bearing paterns were evaluated with the use of a force plate, prior to and following eight nonconsecutive days of treatment. Although both treatment modalities were shown to be equally effective in the early retraining of stance of the amputees fitted with a prosthesis (p < 0.05), the investigators noted that the use of the Limb Load Monitor allowed for a quantification and control of weight bearing. When they compared the BK amputees to 30 normal subjects of a similar age group, the investigators found that the amputees swayed less than the normal individuals (p < 0.05), appeared to be dependent on vision for balance control, and tended to bear more weight on the non-amputated leg. In the course of prosthetic training, therapists should take into account the visual dependency of the amputees as well as their tendency to bear more weight on the non-amputated limb (because such weight bearing may be detrimental to the non-amputated limb of the amputee with vascular problems). Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B. V., Amsterdam. All Rights Reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/717/CN-00180717/frame.html										
S. Gendle, M. Richardson, J. Leeper, L. Hardin, J. Green and P. Bishop	2012	Wheelchair-mounted accelerometers for measurement of physical activity		Disability and rehabilitation. Assistive technology			7		2	139-48						Journal: Article		Wheelchair-mounted accelerometers for measurement of physical activity								Pubmed 21967443						CN-00895594				PURPOSE: To evaluate the validity of a wheelchair frame-mounted accelerometer for the assessment of physical activity of wheelchair users. METHOD: Twelve collegiate wheelchair basketball players participated in this study. The study was conducted in a modern indoor gymnasium at a university in the USA. A randomized, crossover experimental design was used to investigate accelerometer output, participant heart rate, and distance travelled. Participants performed two trials of wheeling at a combination of two different effort levels (light and moderate: Prescribed using perceived exertion) and two different modes (continuous and stop-go). RESULTS: Accelerometer vector magnitude activity counts (VM), heart rate (HR), and distance travelled were significantly different between light and moderate effort (p < 0.01). The continuous and stop-go wheeling modes were not significantly different (p?=?0.37) for VM, but were significantly different (p < 0.01) for both HR and distance. Between-trial reliability of all data collapsed for the effort and mode combinations were: VM: r?=?0.85; HR: r?=?0.86; and distance: r?=?0.96. CONCLUSION: A wheelchair frame-mounted accelerometer differentiated between perceptually-prescribed low and moderate effort levels and may prove to be a valid instrument in the detection of a wheelchair users' physical activity. [Box: see text].			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/594/CN-00895594/frame.html										
M. Genovese, M. Schiff, M. Luggen, M. Bars, R. Aranda, A. Elegbe and M. Dougados	2012	Longterm safety and efficacy of abatacept through 5 years of treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitor therapy		Journal of rheumatology			39		8	1546-54						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Longterm safety and efficacy of abatacept through 5 years of treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitor therapy								Pubmed 22798265						CN-00859689				OBJECTIVE: To evaluate abatacept safety and efficacy over 5 years in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who had inadequate response to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy in the ATTAIN trial. METHODS: Patients completing the 6-month, double-blind (DB) placebo-controlled period were eligible to enter the longterm extension (LTE), where all patients received abatacept every 4 weeks (?10 mg/kg, according to weight range). Safety, efficacy, physical function, and health-related quality of life were monitored throughout. RESULTS: In total, 317 patients (218 DB abatacept, 99 DB placebo) entered the LTE; 150 (47.3%) completed it. Overall incidences of serious adverse events, infections, serious infections, malignant neoplasms, and autoimmune events did not increase during the LTE versus the DB period. American College of Rheumatology responses with abatacept at Month 6 were maintained over 5 years. At Year 5, among patients who received abatacept for 5 years and had available data, 38/103 (36.9%) achieved low disease activity as defined by the 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28)/C-reactive protein (CRP); 23/103 (22.3%) achieved DAS28/CRP-defined remission. Health Assessment Questionnaire response was achieved by 62.5% of patients remaining on treatment at Year 5; mean improvements from baseline in physical component summary and mental component summary scores were 7.34 and 6.42, respectively. High proportions of patients maintained efficacy and physical function benefits or improved their disease state at each timepoint throughout the LTE, if remaining on abatacept treatment. CONCLUSION: Safety remained consistent, and abatacept efficacy was maintained from 6 months to 5 years, demonstrating the benefits of switching to abatacept in this difficult-to-treat population of patients with RA previously failing anti-TNF therapy.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/689/CN-00859689/frame.html										
W. Gerin, G. Ogedegbe, J. Schwartz, W. Chaplin, T. Goyal, L. Clemow, K. Davidson, M. Burg, S. Lipsky, R. Kentor, J. Jhalani, D. Shimbo and T. Pickering	2006	Assessment of the white-coat effect		Journal of hypertension			24		1	67-74						Controlled Clinical Trial;		Assessment of the white-coat effect								Pubmed 16331103						CN-00553366				BACKGROUND: A limitation of blood pressure measurements made in the physician's office is the transient elevation in pressure seen in many patients that does not appear to be linked to target organ damage or prognosis. This has been labeled the 'white-coat effect' (WCE), computed as the difference between blood pressure measurements taken by the physician and the ambulatory level or resting measures. It is unclear, however, which resting measure is most appropriate. The awake ambulatory blood pressure is the most widely used. However, while arguably the most useful measure for prediction of clinical outcomes, it is less appropriate for use as a resting measure, because it is influenced by many factors, including posture and physical activity level. Resting levels taken in the clinic may also be elevated, and will therefore underestimate the WCE. METHODS: We addressed this question by taking resting measures in a non-medical setting on the day before patients were seen at a Hypertension Clinic (day 1), and comparing these with resting measures taken on the following day, in the clinic before the patient saw the physician. RESULTS: As predicted, the day 1 resting levels were lower than those taken in the clinic prior to seeing the physician (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001 for systolic and diastolic pressures, respectively) in both normotensive and hypertensive patients. Using the day 1 resting levels, the estimated WCE for hypertensive patients was 5.3/6.9 mmHg (systolic/diastolic blood pressures), compared with estimates, using the clinic resting levels, of 0.3/0.5 mmHg. The pattern of changes was different in normotensive patients and hypertensive patients, with the physician pressures being slightly lower than day 1 pressures in the former, and substantially higher in the latter. Heart rate changes were similar and modest in both groups. CONCLUSION: The WCE may not just be limited to that narrow interval in which the patient actually sees the physician, but may generalize to the clinic setting, rendering a clinic 'resting' level invalid. While it is strongly positive in most hypertensive patients, it is frequently negative in normotensive patients. Our results suggest that improved methods of measuring blood pressure in the clinic setting are unlikely to resolve the confounding influence of the WCE, and that greater reliance will need to be placed on out-of-office monitoring.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/366/CN-00553366/frame.html										
C. Giannattasio, M. Failla, A. Grappiolo, M. Bigoni, S. Carugo, M. Denti and G. Mancia	1998	Effects of prolonged immobilization of the limb on radial artery mechanical properties		Hypertension			32		3	584-7						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial;		Effects of prolonged immobilization of the limb on radial artery mechanical properties								Pubmed 9740631						CN-00154879				Physical training is associated with an increase in arterial distensibility. Whether the effect of training on this variable is evident also for ordinary levels of exercise or no exercise is unknown, however. We have addressed this issue by investigating the effect on radial artery distensibility of prolonged monolateral immobilization of the ipsilateral limb versus the following resumption of normal mobility. We studied 7 normotensive subjects (age, 25.4+/-3.0 years; systolic/diastolic blood pressure, 119+/-9/68+/-6 mm Hg, mean+/-SE) in whom 1 limb had been immobilized for 30 days in plaster because of a fracture of the elbow. At both the day after plaster removal and after 45 days of rehabilitation, radial artery distensibility was evaluated by an echo-tracking device (NIUS-02), which allows arterial diameter to be measured noninvasively and continuously over all pressures from diastole to systole (finger monitoring), with the distensibility values being continuously derived from the Langewouters formula. In both instances, the contralateral arm was used as control. Immediately after removal of the plaster, radial artery distensibility was markedly less in the previously immobilized and fractured limb compared with the contralateral limb (0.4+/-0.1 versus 0.8+/-0.1, 1/mm Hg 10(-3), P<0.05). After rehabilitation, the distensibility of the radial artery was markedly increased in the previously fractured limb (0.65+/-0.1 1/mm Hg 10(-3), P<0.05), whereas no change was seen in the contralateral limb. Thus, complete interruption of physical activity is associated with a marked reduction of arterial distensibility, indicating that even an ordinary level of activity plays a major role in modulation of arterial mechanical properties.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/879/CN-00154879/frame.html										
C. Gibson, K. Matthews and R. Thurston	2014	Daily physical activity and hot flashes in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Flashes Study		Fertility & Sterility			101		4	1110-6					Apr	Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Daily physical activity and hot flashes in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Flashes Study	Fertil Steril	1556-5653					NIHMS551162 [Available on 04/01/15]
PMC3972358 [Available on 04/01/15]							24491454				OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of physical activity in menopausal hot flashes.
DESIGN: Physiologic hot flash monitor and activity monitor over two 48-hour periods, with self-report in an electronic diary.
SETTING: Community.
PATIENT(S): 51 midlife women.
INTERVENTION(S): None.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Physiologically detected hot flashes and reported hot flashes with and without physiologic corroboration.
RESULT(S): Competing models conceptualize physical activity as a risk or protective factor for hot flashes, but few studies have examined this relationship prospectively using physiologic measures of hot flashes and physical activity. When physiologic hot flashes, reported hot flashes, and reported hot flashes without physiologic corroboration were related to activity changes using hierarchic generalized linear modeling, adjusting for potential confounders, hot flash reports without physiologic corroboration were more likely after activity increases, particularly among women with higher levels of depressive symptoms. No other types of hot flashes were related to physical activity.
CONCLUSION(S): Acute increases in physical activity were associated with increased reporting of hot flashes that lacked physiologic corroboration, particularly among women with depressive symptoms. Clinicians should consider the role of symptom perception and reporting in relations between physical activity and hot flashes. Copyright 2014 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Gibson, Carolyn
Matthews, Karen
Thurston, Rebecca
S0015-0282(13)03461-4
K23 AG029216 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
K23AG029216 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
U01 AG012546 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
U01AG012495 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
U01AG012505 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
U01AG012531 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
U01AG012535 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
U01AG012539 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
U01AG012546 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
U01AG012553 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
U01AG012554 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
U01NR004061 (United States NINR NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=mesx&AN=24491454http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+Daily+Update+%3CJune+06%2C+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:24491454&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.fertnstert.2013.12.029&issn=0015-0282&volume=101&issue=4&spage=1110&pages=1110-6&date=2014&title=Fertility+%26+Sterility&atitle=Daily+physical+activity+and+hot+flashes+in+the+Study+of+Women%27s+Health+Across+the+Nation+%28SWAN%29+Flashes+Study.&aulast=Gibson&pid=%3Cauthor%3EGibson+C%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E24491454%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Electronic address: gibsoncj@upmc.edu.
Departments of Psychiatry, Epidemiology, and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

N. Gill, C. Beaven and C. Cook	2006	Effectiveness of post-match recovery strategies in rugby players		British journal of sports medicine			40		3	260-3						Randomized Controlled Trial		Effectiveness of post-match recovery strategies in rugby players								Pubmed 16505085						CN-00562960				OBJECTIVES: To examine the effectiveness of four interventions on the rate and magnitude of muscle damage recovery, as measured by creatine kinase (CK). METHODS: 23 elite male rugby players were monitored transdermally before, immediately after, 36 hours after, and 84 hours after competitive rugby matches. Players were randomly assigned to complete one of four post-match strategies: contrast water therapy (CWT), compression garment (GAR), low intensity active exercise (ACT), and passive recovery (PAS). RESULTS: Significant increases in CK activity in transdermal exudate were observed as a result of the rugby match (p<0.01). The magnitude of recovery in the PAS intervention was significantly worse than in the ACT, CWT, and GAR interventions at the 36 and 84 hour time points (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: An enhanced rate and magnitude of recovery was observed in the ACT, CWT, and GAR treatment groups when compared with the PAS group. Low impact exercise immediately post-competition, wearing compression garments, or carrying out contrast water therapy enhanced CK clearance more than passive recovery in young male athletes.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/960/CN-00562960/frame.html										
D. Gingerich and J. Strobel	2003	Use of client-specific outcome measures to assess treatment effects in geriatric, arthritic dogs: controlled clinical evaluation of a nutraceutical		Veterinary therapeutics			4		1	56-66						Clinical Trial; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Use of client-specific outcome measures to assess treatment effects in geriatric, arthritic dogs: controlled clinical evaluation of a nutraceutical								Pubmed 12756636						CN-00437597				A questionnaire method was designed for dog owners to monitor the orthopedic disabilities of their pets for evaluation of a nutraceutical with joint health claims. Fifty large-breed dogs, 7 to 12 years of age, presenting with signs of osteoarthritis, were randomly allocated to placebo and active treatment groups. Degree of disability was assessed by physical examination, a standard questionnaire on daily activities, and a case-specific questionnaire that monitored specific impairments of each dog. The test product was a special milk protein concentrate (SMPC) from hyperimmunized cows, previously shown to express antiinflammatory and antiarthritic activity in humans. After a 1-week run-in period of dosing with placebo, each dog was randomly assigned to a treatment and given gelatin capsules containing either SMPC or a placebo twice daily for 8 weeks. Overall improvement was noted in 68% and 35% of the SMPC and placebo groups, respectively. Significant (P <.05) improvement in mean standardized and patient- specific questionnaire scores and in owner global assessments was detected in the SMPC group but not in the placebo group. Compared with the placebo group, the treatment response was significantly better in the SMPC group with regard to case-specific scores (P <.001) and owner global assessments (P =.004). The product was well tolerated and serum chemistry findings remained within normal limits.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-00437597/frame.html										
R. E. Glasgow, D. Kurz, D. King, J. M. Dickman, A. J. Faber, E. Halterman, T. Wooley, D. J. Toobert, L. A. Strycker, P. A. Estabrooks, D. Osuna and D. Ritzwoller	2010	Outcomes of minimal and moderate support versions of an internet-based diabetes self-management support program		Journal of General Internal Medicine			25		12	1315-22					Dec	Comparative Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Outcomes of minimal and moderate support versions of an internet-based diabetes self-management support program	J Gen Intern Med	1525-1497					PMC2988142							20714820				OBJECTIVE: Internet and other interactive technology-based programs offer great potential for practical, effective, and cost-efficient diabetes self-management (DSM) programs capable of reaching large numbers of patients. This study evaluated minimal and moderate support versions of an Internet-based diabetes self-management program, compared to an enhanced usual care condition.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A three-arm practical randomized trial was conducted to evaluate minimal contact and moderate contact versions of an Internet-based diabetes self-management program, offered in English and Spanish, compared to enhanced usual care. A heterogeneous sample of 463 type 2 patients was randomized and 82.5% completed a 4-month follow-up. Primary outcomes were behavior changes in healthy eating, physical activity, and medication taking. Secondary outcomes included hemoglobin A1c, body mass index, lipids, and blood pressure.
RESULTS: The Internet-based intervention produced significantly greater improvements than the enhanced usual care condition on three of four behavioral outcomes (effect sizes [d] for healthy eating = 0.32; fat intake = 0.28; physical activity= 0.19) in both intent-to-treat and complete-cases analyses. These changes did not translate into differential improvements in biological outcomes during the 4-month study period. Added contact did not further enhance outcomes beyond the minimal contact intervention.
CONCLUSIONS: The Internet intervention meets several of the RE-AIM criteria for potential public health impact, including reaching a large number of persons, and being practical, feasible, and engaging for participants, but with mixed effectiveness in improving outcomes, and consistent results across different subgroups. Additional research is needed to evaluate longer-term outcomes, enhance effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, and understand the linkages between intervention processes and outcomes.	Glasgow, Russell E
Kurz, Deanna
King, Diane
Dickman, Jennifer M
Faber, Andrew J
Halterman, Eve
Wooley, Tim
Toobert, Deborah J
Strycker, Lisa A
Estabrooks, Paul A
Osuna, Diego
Ritzwoller, Debra
DK35524 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=20714820http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:20714820&id=doi:10.1007%2Fs11606-010-1480-0&issn=0884-8734&volume=25&issue=12&spage=1315&pages=1315-22&date=2010&title=Journal+of+General+Internal+Medicine&atitle=Outcomes+of+minimal+and+moderate+support+versions+of+an+internet-based+diabetes+self-management+support+program.&aulast=Glasgow&pid=%3Cauthor%3EGlasgow+RE%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E20714820%3C%2FAN%3E		Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver, CO 80237-8066, USA. russg@re-aim.net						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

R. Glasgow, S. Christiansen, D. Kurz, D. King, T. Woolley, A. Faber, P. Estabrooks, L. Strycker, D. Toobert and J. Dickman	2011	Engagement in a diabetes self-management website: usage patterns and generalizability of program use		Journal of medical Internet research			13		1	e9						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Engagement in a diabetes self-management website: usage patterns and generalizability of program use								Pubmed 21371992						CN-00786256				BACKGROUND: Increased access to the Internet and the availability of efficacious eHealth interventions offer great promise for assisting adults with diabetes to change and maintain health behaviors. A key concern is whether levels of engagement in Internet programs are sufficient to promote and sustain behavior change. OBJECTIVE: This paper used automated data from an ongoing Internet-based diabetes self-management intervention study to calculate various indices of website engagement. The multimedia website involved goal setting, action planning, and self-monitoring as well as offering features such as "Ask an Expert" to enhance healthy eating, physical activity, and medication adherence. We also investigated participant characteristics associated with website engagement and the relationship between website use and 4-month behavioral and health outcomes. METHODS: We report on participants in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) who were randomized to receive (1) the website alone (n = 137) or (2) the website plus human support (n = 133) that included additional phone calls and group meetings. The website was available in English and Spanish and included features to enhance engagement and user experience. A number of engagement variables were calculated for each participant including number of log-ins, number of website components visited at least twice, number of days entering self-monitoring data, number of visits to the "Action Plan" section, and time on the website. Key outcomes included exercise, healthy eating, and medication adherence as well as body mass index (BMI) and biological variables related to cardiovascular disease risk. RESULTS: Of the 270 intervention participants, the average age was 60, the average BMI was 34.9 kg/m², 130 (48%) were female, and 62 (23%) self-reported Latino ethnicity. The number of participant visits to the website over 4 months ranged from 1 to 119 (mean 28 visits, median 18). Usage decreased from 70% of participants visiting at least weekly during the first 6 weeks to 47% during weeks 7 to 16. There were no significant differences between website only and website plus support conditions on most of the engagement variables. In total, 75% of participants entered self-monitoring data at least once per week. Exercise action plan pages were visited more often than medication taking and healthy eating pages (mean of 4.3 visits vs 2.8 and 2.0 respectively, P < .001). Spearman nonparametric correlations indicated few significant associations between patient characteristics and summary website engagement variables, and key factors such as ethnicity, baseline computer use, age, health literacy, and education were not related to use. Partial correlations indicated that engagement, especially in self-monitoring, was most consistently related to improvement in healthy eating (r = .20, P = .04) and reduction of dietary fat (r = -.31, P = .001). There was also a significant correlation between self-monitoring and improvement in exercise (r = .20, P = .033) but not with medication taking. CONCLUSIONS: Participants visited the website fairly often and used all of the theoretically important sections, but engagement decreased over 4 months. Usage rates and patterns were similar for a wide range of participants, which has encouraging implications for the potential reach of online interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT00987285; http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00987285 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/5vpe4RHTV).			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/256/CN-00786256/frame.html										
R. Glasgow, D. Kurz, D. King, J. Dickman, A. Faber, E. Halterman, T. Wooley, D. Toobert, L. Strycker, P. Estabrooks, D. Osuna and D. Ritzwoller	2010	Outcomes of minimal and moderate support versions of an internet-based diabetes self-management support program		Journal of general internal medicine			25		12	1315-22						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Outcomes of minimal and moderate support versions of an internet-based diabetes self-management support program								Pubmed 20714820						CN-00802702				OBJECTIVE: Internet and other interactive technology-based programs offer great potential for practical, effective, and cost-efficient diabetes self-management (DSM) programs capable of reaching large numbers of patients. This study evaluated minimal and moderate support versions of an Internet-based diabetes self-management program, compared to an enhanced usual care condition. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A three-arm practical randomized trial was conducted to evaluate minimal contact and moderate contact versions of an Internet-based diabetes self-management program, offered in English and Spanish, compared to enhanced usual care. A heterogeneous sample of 463 type 2 patients was randomized and 82.5% completed a 4-month follow-up. Primary outcomes were behavior changes in healthy eating, physical activity, and medication taking. Secondary outcomes included hemoglobin A1c, body mass index, lipids, and blood pressure. RESULTS: The Internet-based intervention produced significantly greater improvements than the enhanced usual care condition on three of four behavioral outcomes (effect sizes [d] for healthy eating = 0.32; fat intake = 0.28; physical activity= 0.19) in both intent-to-treat and complete-cases analyses. These changes did not translate into differential improvements in biological outcomes during the 4-month study period. Added contact did not further enhance outcomes beyond the minimal contact intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The Internet intervention meets several of the RE-AIM criteria for potential public health impact, including reaching a large number of persons, and being practical, feasible, and engaging for participants, but with mixed effectiveness in improving outcomes, and consistent results across different subgroups. Additional research is needed to evaluate longer-term outcomes, enhance effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, and understand the linkages between intervention processes and outcomes.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/702/CN-00802702/frame.html										
J. Gleeson-Kreig	2006	Self-monitoring of physical activity: effects on self-efficacy and behavior in people with type 2 diabetes		Diabetes educator			32		1	69-77						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Self-monitoring of physical activity: effects on self-efficacy and behavior in people with type 2 diabetes								Pubmed 16439495						CN-00562300				PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to test the effect of keeping daily activity records on physical activity levels and self-efficacy for physical activity in adults with type 2 diabetes, and to examine the feasibility and acceptability of this intervention from the perspective of the participants. METHODS: This intervention study included 58 individuals with type 2 diabetes aged 40 to 65 years. Participants were randomly assigned: individuals in the intervention group kept daily activity records for 6 weeks, mailed to the researcher every 2 weeks. Data collection was completed at the beginning of the study and 6 weeks later, using the habitual physical activity index and the self-efficacy for exercise scale. Participants in the intervention group also completed the perceived feasibility checklist. RESULTS: The intervention resulted in enhanced self-efficacy. Physical activity improved in both the intervention and control groups. Activity recording was judged to be acceptable and feasible. CONCLUSIONS: Daily activity recording can be used as part of a program to increase physical activity self-efficacy levels. Focused interactions between health care providers and patients may be enough to motivate people to higher levels of physical activity. The relationship between self-efficacy and behavior is complex and should be the subject of further research.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/300/CN-00562300/frame.html										
L. Glynn, P. Hayes, M. Casey, F. Glynn, A. Alvarez-Iglesias, J. Newell, G. Ólaighin, D. Heaney and A. Murphy	2013	SMART MOVE - a smartphone-based intervention to promote physical activity in primary care: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial		Trials			14			157						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		SMART MOVE - a smartphone-based intervention to promote physical activity in primary care: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 23714362						CN-00863670				BACKGROUND: Sedentary lifestyles are now becoming a major concern for governments of developed and developing countries with physical inactivity related to increased all-cause mortality, lower quality of life, and increased risk of obesity, diabetes, hypertension and many other chronic diseases. The powerful onboard computing capacity of smartphones, along with the unique relationship individuals have with their mobile phones, suggests that mobile devices have the potential to influence behavior. However, no previous trials have been conducted using smartphone technology to promote physical activity. This project has the potential to provide robust evidence in this area of innovation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a smartphone application as an intervention to promote physical activity in primary care. METHODS/DESIGN: A two-group, parallel randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a main outcome measure of mean difference in daily step count between baseline and follow up over eight weeks. A minimum of 80 active android smartphone users over 16 years of age who are able to undertake moderate physical activity are randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 40) or to a control group (n = 40) for an eight week period. After randomization, all participants will complete a baseline period of one week during which a baseline mean daily step count will be established. The intervention group will be instructed in the usability features of the smartphone application, will be encouraged to try to achieve 10,000 steps per day as an exercise goal and will be given an exercise promotion leaflet. The control group will be encouraged to try to walk an additional 30 minutes per day along with their normal activity (the equivalent of 10,000 steps) as an exercise goal and will be given an exercise promotion leaflet. The primary outcome is mean difference in daily step count between baseline and follow-up. Secondary outcomes are systolic and diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, mental health score using HADS and quality of life score using Euroqol. Randomization and allocation to the intervention and groups will be carried out by an independent researcher, ensuring the allocation sequence is concealed from the study researchers until the interventions are assigned. The primary analysis is based on mean daily step count, comparing the mean difference in daily step count between the baseline and the trial periods in the intervention and control groups at follow up.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/670/CN-00863670/frame.html										
A. Godfrey, R. Conway, M. Leonard, D. Meagher and G. M. Olaighin	2010	Motion analysis in delirium: a discrete approach in determining physical activity for the purpose of delirium motoric subtyping		Medical Engineering & Physics			32		2	101-10					Mar	Clinical Trial		Motion analysis in delirium: a discrete approach in determining physical activity for the purpose of delirium motoric subtyping	Med Eng Phys	1873-4030												19931480				The purpose of this study was to determine the use and feasibility of accelerometry-based monitoring and to examine a discrete multi-resolution signal analysis technique to determine motoric subtypes in patients with DSM-IV delirium. Forty consecutive patients receiving palliative care (23 male, 17 female, mean age+/-standard deviation 68.4+/-11.9 years) were assessed using 24-h accelerometer-based monitoring. The total amount of time spent per activity of sitting/lying, standing and stepping were calculated. This was achieved through the multilevel decomposition and reconstruction of the accelerometer signals by means of the discrete wavelet transform. Both the reconstructed approximations and details of the discrete transform were used for motoric subtyping. This was compared to a validated activity monitor for validation purposes. Demographic and clinical data per patient were also collected. Of the 40 patients selected for accelerometry, complete 24-h readings were available for 34 patients and analyses were confined to this group. Of the 34 patients included, 25 met criteria for DSM-IV delirium while 9 were non-delirious comparison subjects with equivalent medical diagnoses receiving treatment in the same setting. It was concluded that accelerometry-based measurement of a delirious cohort within a palliative setting is both a reliable and feasible method of continuous monitoring. Of the activities performed by the patients, periods of standing proved to be the most discriminatory in determining between each subtype. (c) 2009 IPEM. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Godfrey, Alan
Conway, Richard
Leonard, Maeve
Meagher, David
Olaighin, Gearoid M		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=19931480http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19931480&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.medengphy.2009.10.012&issn=1350-4533&volume=32&issue=2&spage=101&pages=101-10&date=2010&title=Medical+Engineering+%26+Physics&atitle=Motion+analysis+in+delirium%3A+a+discrete+approach+in+determining+physical+activity+for+the+purpose+of+delirium+motoric+subtyping.&aulast=Godfrey&pid=%3Cauthor%3EGodfrey+A%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19931480%3C%2FAN%3E		School of Systems Engineering, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AX, United Kingdom. a.j.godfrey@reading.ac.uk						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

A. Godfrey, K. M. Culhane and G. M. Lyons	2007	Comparison of the performance of the activPAL Professional physical activity logger to a discrete accelerometer-based activity monitor		Medical Engineering & Physics			29		8	930-4					Oct	Comparative Study
Evaluation Studies		Comparison of the performance of the activPAL Professional physical activity logger to a discrete accelerometer-based activity monitor	Med Eng Phys	1350-4533												17134934				The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of the 'activPAL Professional' physical activity logger by comparing its output to that of a proven discrete accelerometer-based activity monitor during extended measurements on healthy subjects while performing activities of daily living (ADL). Ten healthy adults, with unrestricted mobility, wore both the activPAL and the discrete dual accelerometer (Analog Devices ADXL202)-based activity monitor that recorded in synchronization with each other. The accelerometer derived data were then compared to that generated by the activPAL and a complete statistical and error analysis was performed using a Matlab program. This program determined trunk and thigh inclination angles to distinguish between sitting/lying, standing and stepping for the discrete accelerometer device and amount of time spent on each activity. Analysis was performed on a second-by-second basis and then categorized at 15s intervals in direct comparison with the activPAL generated data. Of the total time monitored (approximately 60 h) the detection accuracies for static and dynamic activities were approximately 98%. In a population of healthy adults, the data obtained from the activPAL Professional physical activity logger for both static and dynamic activities showed a close match to a proven discrete accelerometer data with an offset of approximately 2% between the two systems.	Godfrey, A
Culhane, K M
Lyons, G M		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17134934http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:17134934&id=doi:&issn=1350-4533&volume=29&issue=8&spage=930&pages=930-4&date=2007&title=Medical+Engineering+%26+Physics&atitle=Comparison+of+the+performance+of+the+activPAL+Professional+physical+activity+logger+to+a+discrete+accelerometer-based+activity+monitor.&aulast=Godfrey&pid=%3Cauthor%3EGodfrey+A%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E17134934%3C%2FAN%3E		Biomedical Electronics Laboratory, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. Godino, E. Sluijs, T. Marteau, S. Sutton, S. Sharp and S. Griffin	2012	Effect of communicating genetic and phenotypic risk for type 2 diabetes in combination with lifestyle advice on objectively measured physical activity: protocol of a randomised controlled trial		BMC public health			12			444						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effect of communicating genetic and phenotypic risk for type 2 diabetes in combination with lifestyle advice on objectively measured physical activity: protocol of a randomised controlled trial								Pubmed 22708638						CN-00842142				BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with increased risk of morbidity and premature mortality. Among those at high risk, incidence can be halved through healthy changes in behaviour. Information about genetic and phenotypic risk of T2D is now widely available. Whether such information motivates behaviour change is unknown. We aim to assess the effects of communicating genetic and phenotypic risk of T2D on risk-reducing health behaviours, anxiety, and other cognitive and emotional theory-based antecedents of behaviour change. METHODS: In a parallel group, open randomised controlled trial, approximately 580 adults born between 1950 and 1975 will be recruited from the on-going population-based, observational Fenland Study (Cambridgeshire, UK). Eligible participants will have undergone clinical, anthropometric, and psychosocial measurements, been genotyped for 23 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with T2D, and worn a combined heart rate monitor and accelerometer (Actiheart(®)) continuously for six days and nights to assess physical activity. Participants are randomised to receive either standard lifestyle advice alone (control group), or in combination with a genetic or a phenotypic risk estimate for T2D (intervention groups). The primary outcome is objectively measured physical activity. Secondary outcomes include self-reported diet, self-reported weight, intention to be physically active and to engage in a healthy diet, anxiety, diabetes-related worry, self-rated health, and other cognitive and emotional outcomes. Follow-up occurs eight weeks post-intervention. Values at follow-up, adjusted for baseline, will be compared between randomised groups. DISCUSSION: This study will provide much needed evidence on the effects of providing information about the genetic and phenotypic risk of T2D. Importantly, it will be among the first to examine the impact of genetic risk information using a randomised controlled trial design, a population-based sample, and an objectively measured behavioural outcome. Results of this trial, along with recent evidence syntheses of similar studies, should inform policy concerning the availability and use of genetic risk information.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/142/CN-00842142/frame.html										
G. Goldfield, L. Kalakanis, M. Ernst and L. Epstein	2000	Open-loop feedback to increase physical activity in obese children		International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders			24		7	888-92						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Open-loop feedback to increase physical activity in obese children								Pubmed 10918536						CN-00298654				OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated whether making access to sedentary activities contingent on physical activity would increase physical activity. DESIGN: Experimental. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-four obese children aged 8-12 y were randomized to one of three groups in which children had to accumulate 750 or 1500 pedometer counts to earn 10 min of access to video games or movies, or to a control group in which access to sedentary behaviors was provided noncontingently. MEASUREMENTS: Physical activity in the 20 min experimental session was measured by electronic pedometer and triaxial accelerometer (ie TriTrac(R)). Activity liking was measured by visual analog scales. Anthropometric and demographic characteristics were also assessed. RESULTS: Children in the 750 and 1500 count contingency groups engaged in significantly more physical activity and spent more time in moderate intensity activity or higher compared with controls. Children in the Contingent 1500 group engaged in more activity and spent more time in moderate or greater intensity activity compared to children in the Contingent 750 group. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that contingent access to sedentary activities can reinforce physical activity in obese children, and changes in physical activity level depend in part on the targeted physical activity goal.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/654/CN-00298654/frame.html										
D. Goldwater, C. Dougherty, M. Schumacher and S. Villano	2008	Effect of ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetics of maribavir in healthy adults		Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy			52		5	1794-8						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effect of ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetics of maribavir in healthy adults								Pubmed 18316526						CN-00638140				Maribavir, an oral antiviral drug with activity against cytomegalovirus, is currently undergoing studies to assess its efficacy and safety as cytomegalovirus prophylaxis following stem cell or solid organ transplantation. The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of oral ketoconazole, a potent inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) isoenzyme, on the pharmacokinetics of maribavir. This was an open-label crossover study with 20 healthy adults. Subjects were administered a single dose of maribavir at 400 mg. After a washout period, subjects received a single dose of ketoconazole at 400 mg followed by a single dose of maribavir. Blood samples were collected for each drug sequence, and pharmacokinetic parameters for maribavir and its principal metabolite, VP 44469, were determined. Safety was evaluated by physical examination, clinical laboratory testing, 12-lead electrocardiogram, and monitoring for adverse events. Ketoconazole moderately reduced the clearance of both maribavir and VP 44469; oral clearance values were 35% and 13% lower, respectively, for maribavir-plus-ketoconazole treatment than for maribavir alone. Based on the assumption of complete inhibition of CYP3A4 activity, CYP3A4 is responsible for 35% of the overall clearance of maribavir. Treatment was generally well tolerated. The most-common adverse event was dysgeusia (taste disturbance), reported by nine (47%) and seven (35%) subjects in the maribavir alone and maribavir-plus-ketoconazole groups, respectively. The pharmacokinetic findings, in combination with the acceptable tolerability within the maribavir and maribavir-plus-ketoconazole treatment groups, suggest that no dose adjustment of maribavir is necessary when coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors or substrates.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/140/CN-00638140/frame.html										
S. Gomersall, C. Maher, K. Norton, J. Dollman, G. Tomkinson, A. Esterman, C. English, N. Lewis and T. Olds	2012	Testing the activitystat hypothesis: a randomised controlled trial protocol		BMC public health			12			851						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Testing the activitystat hypothesis: a randomised controlled trial protocol								Pubmed 23043381						CN-00841891				BACKGROUND: The activitystat hypothesis proposes that when physical activity or energy expenditure is increased or decreased in one domain, there will be a compensatory change in another domain to maintain an overall, stable level of physical activity or energy expenditure. To date, there has been no experimental study primarily designed to test the activitystat hypothesis in adults. The aim of this trial is to determine the effect of two different imposed exercise loads on total daily energy expenditure and physical activity levels. METHODS: This study will be a randomised, multi-arm, parallel controlled trial. Insufficiently active adults (as determined by the Active Australia survey) aged 18-60 years old will be recruited for this study (n=146). Participants must also satisfy the Sports Medicine Australia Pre-Exercise Screening System and must weigh less than 150 kg. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups using a computer-generated allocation sequence. Participants in the Moderate exercise group will receive an additional 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week for six weeks, and those in the Extensive exercise group will receive an additional 300 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week for six weeks. Exercise targets will be accumulated through both group and individual exercise sessions monitored by heart rate telemetry. Control participants will not be given any instructions regarding lifestyle. The primary outcome measures are activity energy expenditure (doubly labeled water) and physical activity (accelerometry). Secondary measures will include resting metabolic rate via indirect calorimetry, use of time, maximal oxygen consumption and several anthropometric and physiological measures. Outcome measures will be conducted at baseline (zero weeks), mid- and end-intervention (three and six weeks) with three (12 weeks) and six month (24 week) follow-up. All assessors will be blinded to group allocation. DISCUSSION: This protocol has been specifically designed to test the activitystat hypothesis while taking into account the key conceptual and methodological considerations of testing a biologically regulated homeostatic feedback loop. Results of this study will be an important addition to the growing literature and debate concerning the possible existence of an activitystat. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12610000248066.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/891/CN-00841891/frame.html										
M. I. González	1994	Adrenoreceptors, endothelial function, and lipid profile: effects of atenolol, doxazosin, and carvedilol		Coronary artery disease			5		11	909-18						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Adrenoreceptors, endothelial function, and lipid profile: effects of atenolol, doxazosin, and carvedilol								Pubmed 7719523						CN-00113100				BACKGROUND: The use of effective blood-pressure-lowering drugs has not achieved the expected reduction in the incidence of ischaemic heart disease in hypertensive patients. This study examined the cardiovascular effects of adrenergic blockade (alpha or beta, or both) and its effect on the fibrinolytic response of the endothelium to anoxia and lipoprotein metabolism in 78 hypertensive patients with ischaemic heart disease. METHODS: All patients had stable angina on positive exercise testing and silent ischaemia on 24 h Holter monitoring at baseline and 6 months after effective blood-pressure-lowering treatment with the selective beta-blocker atenolol, the alpha 1-inhibitor doxazosin, or the dual-action drug carvedilol. RESULTS: Atenolol increased the effort time (P < 0.05), total ischaemia (P < 0.05), and the number of ischaemic episodes (P < 0.05). It reduced the lipoprotein ratio (P < 0.05) but did not modify the fibrinolytic activity of the endothelium. Doxazosin increased the fibrinolytic index (ratio of plasminogen activator to its main inhibitor) before (P < 0.05) and after anoxia (P < 0.0001) and the lipoprotein ratio (P < 0.001), without an anti-ischaemic effect. Carvedilol increased the effort time (P < 0.05), reducing total ischaemia (P < 0.05), the number of ischaemic episodes (P < 0.01), and increasing the post-anoxia fibrinolytic index (P < 0.05) without modifying the lipid profile. CONCLUSIONS: At antihypertensive equipotent doses, the inhibition of alpha 1-receptors improves the endothelial fibrinolytic activity and the lipid profile. beta-Blockade has an anti-ischaemic action, but reduces the lipoprotein ratio (ApoA/ApoB) and does not improve endothelial fibrinolytic activity.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/100/CN-00113100/frame.html										
S. Gortner and L. Jenkins	1990	Self-efficacy and activity level following cardiac surgery		Journal of advanced nursing			15		10	1132-8						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Self-efficacy and activity level following cardiac surgery								Pubmed 2258519						CN-00071975				Self-efficacy expectations were measured in 149 recovering cardiac surgery patients to determine whether in-patient education and telephone monitoring during convalescence enhanced perceptions of cardiac efficacy and reported activity. Significant differences were found for experimental patients in self-efficacy expectations for walking between 4 and 8 weeks (P = 0.02) and between 8 and 24 weeks (P = 0.05) following surgery. Experimental patients also reported higher levels of general activity at 4 weeks (P = 0.05) and 8 weeks (P = 0.02) as well as more walking and lifting at 8 weeks (P = 0.01 and P = 0.0008, respectively). By 12 weeks, treatment differences were no longer significant except for continued higher general activity levels (P = 0.03) for experimental patients. Self-efficacy expectations, summed for all physical activities, at at 8 weeks were found to be a significant predictor of self-reported activity at 12 weeks, contributing 14.8% of the 34.8% explained variance (R2 change = 0.1479; F = 26.58; P less than 0.0001). Self-efficacy expectations summed for all physical activity at 8 weeks were also significant predictors of self-reported activities at 24 weeks, contributing 8.5% of the variance (R2 change = 0.0847; F = 14.48; P = 0.0002). A New York Heart Association functional class at 4 and 8 weeks was an independent predictor of self-reported activity at 12 weeks, as was 8 week functional class for self-reported activity at 24 weeks. Mood state did not contribute to explained variance in the regression models.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/975/CN-00071975/frame.html										
M. Goto, H. Takedani, N. Haga, M. Kubota, M. Ishiyama, S. Ito and O. Nitta	2014	Self-monitoring has potential for home exercise programmes in patients with haemophilia		Haemophilia			20		2	e121-7					Mar	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Self-monitoring has potential for home exercise programmes in patients with haemophilia	Haemophilia	1365-2516												24418413				Haemophiliacs who have had to keep a physically inactive lifestyle due to bleeding during childhood are likely to have little motivation for exercise. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effectiveness of the self-monitoring of home exercise for haemophiliacs. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with intervention over 8 weeks at four hospitals in Japan. Subjects included 32 male outpatients aged 26-64 years without an inhibitor who were randomly allocated to a self-monitoring group and a control group. Individual exercise guidance with physical activity for improvement of their knee functions was given to both groups. The self-monitoring materials included an activity monitor and a feedback system so that the self-monitoring group could send feedback via the Internet and cellular phone. The self-monitoring was performed by checking exercise adherence and physical activity levels, bleeding history and injection of a coagulation factor. Both groups showed significant improvements in exercise adherence (P < 0.001) and physical function such as the strength of knee extension (P < 0.001), range of knee extension (P < 0.001), range of ankle dorsiflexion (P < 0.01), a modified Functional Reach (P < 0.05) and 10 metre gait time (P < 0.01). In particular, improvements in exercise adherence (P < 0.05), self-efficacy (P < 0.05), and strength of knee extension (P < 0.05) were significant in the self-monitoring group compared with those in the control group. No increase in bleeding frequency and pain scale was noted. The self-monitoring of home exercise for haemophilic patients is useful for the improvement of exercise adherence, self-efficacy and knee extension strength. 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.	Goto, M
Takedani, H
Haga, N
Kubota, M
Ishiyama, M
Ito, S
Nitta, O		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=24418413http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+In-Process+%26+Other+Non-Indexed+Citations+%3CJune+06%2C+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:24418413&id=doi:10.1111%2Fhae.12355&issn=1351-8216&volume=20&issue=2&spage=e121&pages=e121-7&date=2014&title=Haemophilia&atitle=Self-monitoring+has+potential+for+home+exercise+programmes+in+patients+with+haemophilia.&aulast=Goto&pid=%3Cauthor%3EGoto+M%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E24418413%3C%2FAN%3E		Rehabilitation Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. Goto, H. Takedani, N. Haga, M. Kubota, M. Ishiyama, S. Ito and O. Nitta	2014	Self-monitoring has potential for home exercise programmes in patients with haemophilia		Haemophilia			20		2	e121-e127						Journal: Article		Self-monitoring has potential for home exercise programmes in patients with haemophilia														CN-00982412				Haemophiliacs who have had to keep a physically inactive lifestyle due to bleeding during childhood are likely to have little motivation for exercise. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effectiveness of the self-monitoring of home exercise for haemophiliacs. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with intervention over 8 weeks at four hospitals in Japan. Subjects included 32 male outpatients aged 26-64 years without an inhibitor who were randomly allocated to a self-monitoring group and a control group. Individual exercise guidance with physical activity for improvement of their knee functions was given to both groups. The self-monitoring materials included an activity monitor and a feedback system so that the self-monitoring group could send feedback via the Internet and cellular phone. The self-monitoring was performed by checking exercise adherence and physical activity levels, bleeding history and injection of a coagulation factor. Both groups showed significant improvements in exercise adherence (P < 0.001) and physical function such as the strength of knee extension (P < 0.001), range of knee extension (P < 0.001), range of ankle dorsiflexion (P < 0.01), a modified Functional Reach (P < 0.05) and 10 metre gait time (P < 0.01). In particular, improvements in exercise adherence (P < 0.05), self-efficacy (P < 0.05), and strength of knee extension (P < 0.05) were significant in the self-monitoring group compared with those in the control group. No increase in bleeding frequency and pain scale was noted. The self-monitoring of home exercise for haemophilic patients is useful for the improvement of exercise adherence, self-efficacy and knee extension strength. 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/412/CN-00982412/frame.html										
E. Goyder, D. Hind, J. Breckon, M. Dimairo, J. Minton, E. Everson-Hock, S. Read, R. Copeland, H. Crank, K. Horspool, L. Humphreys, A. Hutchison, S. Kesterton, N. Latimer, E. Scott, P. Swaile, S. Walters, R. Wood, K. Collins and C. Cooper	2014	A randomised controlled trial and cost-effectiveness evaluation of 'booster' interventions to sustain increases in physical activity in middle-aged adults in deprived urban neighbourhoods		Health technology assessment			18		13	1-209						Journal: Article		A randomised controlled trial and cost-effectiveness evaluation of 'booster' interventions to sustain increases in physical activity in middle-aged adults in deprived urban neighbourhoods														CN-00981634				Background: More evidence is needed on the potential role of 'booster' interventions in the maintenance of increases in physical activity levels after a brief intervention in relatively sedentary populations. Objectives: To determine whether objectively measured physical activity, 6 months after a brief intervention, is increased in those receiving physical activity 'booster' consultations delivered in a motivational interviewing (MI) style, either face to face or by telephone. Design: Three-arm, parallel-group, pragmatic, superiority randomised controlled trial with nested qualitative research fidelity and geographical information systems and health economic substudies. Treatment allocation was carried out using a web-based simple randomisation procedure with equal allocation probabilities. Principal investigators and study statisticians were blinded to treatment allocation until after the final analysis only. Setting: Deprived areas of Sheffield, UK. Participants: Previously sedentary people, aged 40-64 years, living in deprived areas of Sheffield, UK, who had increased their physical activity levels after receiving a brief intervention. Interventions: Participants were randomised to the control group (no further intervention) or to two sessions of MI, either face to face ('full booster') or by telephone ('mini booster'). Sessions were delivered 1 and 2 months post-randomisation. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was total energy expenditure (TEE) per day in kcal from 7-day accelerometry, measured using an Actiheart device (CamNtech Ltd, Cambridge, UK). Independent evaluation of practitioner competence was carried out using the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity assessment. An estimate of the per-participant intervention costs, resource use data collected by questionnaire and health-related quality of life data were analysed to produce a range of economic models from a short-term NHS perspective. An additional series of models were developed that used TEE values to estimate the long-term cost-effectiveness. Results: In total, 282 people were randomised (control = 96; mini booster = 92, full booster = 94) of whom 160 had a minimum of 4 out of 7 days' accelerometry data at 3 months (control = 61, mini booster = 47, full booster = 52). The mean difference in TEE per day between baseline and 3 months favoured the control arm over the combined booster arm but this was not statistically significant (-39 kcal, 95% confidence interval -173 to 95, p = 0.57). The autonomy-enabled MI communication style was generally acceptable, although some participants wanted a more paternalistic approach and most expressed enthusiasm for monitoring and feedback components of the intervention and research. Full boosters were more popular than mini boosters. Practitioners achieved and maintained a consistent level of MI competence. Walking distance to the nearest municipal green space or leisure facilities was not associated with physical activity levels. Two alternative modelling approaches both suggested that neither intervention was likely to be cost-effective. Conclusions: Although some individuals do find a community-based, brief MI 'booster' intervention supportive, the low levels of recruitment and retention and the lack of impact on objectively measured physical activity levels in those with adequate outcome data suggest that it is unlikely to represent a clinically effective or cost-effective intervention for the maintenance of recently acquired physical activity increases in deprived middle-aged urban populations. Future research with middle-aged and relatively deprived populations should explore interventions to promote physical activity that require less proactive engagement from individuals, including environmental interventions. Queen's Printer and Controller of HMSO 2014.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/634/CN-00981634/frame.html										
T. Graboys, C. Blatt and B. Lown	1989	The effect of caffeine on ventricular ectopic activity in patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmia		Archives of internal medicine			149		3	637-9						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The effect of caffeine on ventricular ectopic activity in patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmia								Pubmed 2465748						CN-00058257				We evaluated the effect of caffeine on ventricular ectopic activity in a group of 50 consecutive patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmia. The clinical arrhythmia in these patients (mean age, 61 years) was recurrent ventricular tachycardia in 21 (42%), ventricular fibrillation in three (6%), and symptomatic nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in 26 (52%). Forty-two (84%) had either ischemic heart disease or cardiomyopathy. Each patient underwent two short-term drug trials on successive days, receiving either decaffeinated coffee mixed with 200 mg of caffeine or the decaffeinated drink alone. Continuous electrocardiographic recordings were made during the 30-minute control period, the three-hour observation period, and the hourly bicycle exercise tests. Forty-five patients (90%) exhibited ventricular couplets and 29 patients (58%) had salvos of ventricular tachycardia during the testing. However, no differences between the caffeine and decaffeinated trials were observed in either individual or group data on total or repetitive ventricular arrhythmia. Serum catecholamine levels reflected the average increase in serum caffeine level but were not associated with enhanced arrhythmia. We found no evidence that a modest dose of caffeine is arrhythmogenic, even among patients with known life-threatening arrhythmia.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/257/CN-00058257/frame.html										
G. Grandes, A. Sánchez, J. Torcal, S.-P. R. Ortega, K. Lizarraga, J. Serra and P. Grupo	2003	[Protocol for the multi-centre evaluation of the Experimental Programme Promotion of Physical Activity (PEPAF)]		Atencion primaria / Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria			32		8	475-80						Clinical Trial; English Abstract; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		[Protocol for the multi-centre evaluation of the Experimental Programme Promotion of Physical Activity (PEPAF)]								Pubmed 14636505						CN-00459130				OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of an innovative programme to promote physical activity (PEPAF) introduced into the daily consultations of the family doctor. DESIGN: Clinical trial with control, randomised for groups of 100 patients seen by one of the 70 doctors taking part, allocated to two parallel groups and monitored for 24 months.Setting. 13 primary care centres coordinated through the Network of Research into Preventive and Health Promotion Activities conducted in primary care. PARTICIPANTS: Sample with probability of 7000 sedentary patients, selected from among those who consulted for any reason their family doctor during the third quarter of 2003. Patients with cardiovascular disease or other problems meaning that exercise could cause adverse effects will be excluded. INTERVENTIONS: The doctors allocated to the PEPAF will design a plan of physical activity with those patients prepared to make the change. Those not prepared to will be briefly counselled and given material to help them. All will be monitored at random. The control group doctors will postpone any systematic intervention on exercise until after 2005, excepting those patients whose health problem is directly related to a sedentary life-style. MEASUREMENTS: The main measurement of results will be the increase in the level of physical activity from the base measurement to those at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months, using 7-day physical activity recall. Health-related quality of life (SF 36) and physical fitness will also be measured. Variables that might be predictive or confusing, such as sex, age, comorbidity, social class, etc., will be considered. Analysis. The average changes observed in the two groups will be compared, on the basis of intention to treat, through analysis of covariance. We will use mixed-effect models able to cover the intra-patient, intra-doctor and intra-centre correlation.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/130/CN-00459130/frame.html										
A. Grandjean, K. Reimers, M. Haven and G. Curtis	2003	The effect on hydration of two diets, one with and one without plain water		Journal of the American College of Nutrition			22		2	165-73						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		The effect on hydration of two diets, one with and one without plain water								Pubmed 12672713						CN-00436342				OBJECTIVE: To measure the effect on hydration of two regimens, one that included drinking water as part of the dietary beverages and one that did not. METHODS: In healthy, sedentary subjects, two different diets were evaluated for their effect on hydration. Trial A provided plain water to drink as part of the beverages served. Trial B omitted plain water from the beverages served. Twenty-seven males, during two three-day confinement periods, consumed one of two diets in a random, crossover and counterbalanced fashion, while diet, physical activity and environment were controlled and monitored. Body weight and 24-hour urine volumes were measured. Pre- and post-trial urine samples and 24-hour urines were assayed for osmolality, specific gravity, chloride, sodium and potassium, and sodium/potassium ratio was calculated. Twenty-four hour creatinine levels were determined. RESULTS: No differences (p > 0.05) were found between trials for body weight or other indicators of hydration status measured. CONCLUSIONS: Inclusion of plain drinking water compared to exclusion of plain drinking water in the diet did not affect the markers of hydration used in this study.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/342/CN-00436342/frame.html										
P. M. Grant, P. M. Dall and A. Kerr	2011	Daily and hourly frequency of the sit to stand movement in older adults: a comparison of day hospital, rehabilitation ward and community living groups		Aging-Clinical & Experimental Research			23		5-6	437-44					Oct-Dec	Comparative Study		Daily and hourly frequency of the sit to stand movement in older adults: a comparison of day hospital, rehabilitation ward and community living groups	Aging Clin Exp Res	1594-0667												22526075				BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The sit to stand (STS) movement is commonly performed in daily life, and can be used as an indicator of activity. This study aimed to quantify the usual frequency and distribution of the STS movement performed by older adults in both home and rehabilitation settings.
METHODS: Three groups of older adults were recruited; healthy older adults living in the community, older adults living in the community attending rehabilitation services at a day hospital, and frail older patients in a rehabilitation ward. Participants wore an activity monitor, which reported posture continuously for a week. The number of STS movements was the primary outcome measure, and mean values of daily STS frequency were reported. The pattern of activity was investigated using median values of STS hourly rate.
RESULTS: Healthy older adults living in the community performed significantly more STS movements per day (n=20; 71+25) than either older adults attending a day hospital (n=20; 57+23) or frail older patients in a rehabilitation ward (n=30; 36+16). For all participants, the hourly rate of STS movements ranged from zero to 48, although the median hourly rate was two (healthy older adults) and one (both rehabilitation groups).
CONCLUSION: Measurement of the number of STS movements performed over the course of a week in three groups of older adults, demonstrated significant differences in daily number of STS movements and in the hourly pattern between the groups. Activity patterns can provide additional information on clinically relevant aspects of physical activity and function to daily averages.	Grant, P Margaret
Dall, Philippa Margaret
Kerr, Andy		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22526075http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22526075&id=doi:&issn=1594-0667&volume=23&issue=5&spage=437&pages=437-44&date=2011&title=Aging-Clinical+%26+Experimental+Research&atitle=Daily+and+hourly+frequency+of+the+sit+to+stand+movement+in+older+adults%3A+a+comparison+of+day+hospital%2C+rehabilitation+ward+and+community+living+groups.&aulast=Grant&pid=%3Cauthor%3EGrant+PM%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22526075%3C%2FAN%3E		School of Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

P. M. Grant, P. M. Dall, S. L. Mitchell and M. H. Granat	2008	Activity-monitor accuracy in measuring step number and cadence in community-dwelling older adults		Journal of Aging & Physical Activity			16		2	201-14					Apr	Clinical Trial
Comparative Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Activity-monitor accuracy in measuring step number and cadence in community-dwelling older adults	J Aging Phys Activity	1063-8652												18483442				The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of the activPAL physical activity monitor in measuring step number and cadence in older adults. Two pedometers (New-Lifestyles Digi-Walker SW-200 and New-Lifestyles NL2000) used in clinical practice to count steps were simultaneously evaluated. Observation was the criterion measure. Twenty-one participants (65-87 yr old) recruited from community-based exercise classes walked on a treadmill at 5 speeds (0.67, 0.90, 1.12, 1.33, and 1.56 m/s) and outdoors at 3 self-selected speeds (slow, normal, and fast). The absolute percentage error of the activPAL was <1% for all treadmill and outdoor conditions for measuring steps and cadence. With the exception of the slowest treadmill speed, the NL-2000 error was <2%. The SW-200 was the least accurate device, particularly at slower walking speeds. The activPAL monitor accurately recorded step number and cadence. Combined with its ability to identify primary postures, the activPAL might be a useful and versatile device for measuring activity in older adults.	Grant, P Margaret
Dall, Philippa M
Mitchell, Sarah L
Granat, Malcolm H		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18483442http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:18483442&id=doi:&issn=1063-8652&volume=16&issue=2&spage=201&pages=201-14&date=2008&title=Journal+of+Aging+%26+Physical+Activity&atitle=Activity-monitor+accuracy+in+measuring+step+number+and+cadence+in+community-dwelling+older+adults.&aulast=Grant&pid=%3Cauthor%3EGrant+PM%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E18483442%3C%2FAN%3E		School of Health and Social Care, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

P. M. Grant, M. H. Granat, M. K. Thow and W. M. Maclaren	2010	Analyzing free-living physical activity of older adults in different environments using body-worn activity monitors		Journal of Aging & Physical Activity			18		2	171-84					Apr			Analyzing free-living physical activity of older adults in different environments using body-worn activity monitors	J Aging Phys Activity	1063-8652												20440029				This study measured objectively the postural physical activity of 4 groups of older adults (> or =65 yr). The participants (N = 70) comprised 3 patient groups--2 from rehabilitation wards (city n = 20, 81.8 +/- 6.7 yr; rural n = 10, 79.4 +/- 4.7 yr) and the third from a city day hospital (n = 20, 74.7 +/- 7.9 yr)--and a healthy group to provide context (n = 20, 73.7 +/- 5.5 yr). The participants wore an activity monitor (activPAL) for a week. A restricted maximum-likelihood-estimation analysis of hourly upright time (standing and walking) revealed significant differences between day, hour, and location and the interaction between location and hour (p < .001). Differences in the manner in which groups accumulated upright and sedentary time (sitting and lying) were found, with the ward-based groups sedentary for prolonged periods and upright for short episodes. This information may be used by clinicians to design appropriate rehabilitation interventions and monitor patient progress.	Grant, P Margaret
Granat, Malcolm H
Thow, Morag K
Maclaren, William M		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=20440029http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:20440029&id=doi:&issn=1063-8652&volume=18&issue=2&spage=171&pages=171-84&date=2010&title=Journal+of+Aging+%26+Physical+Activity&atitle=Analyzing+free-living+physical+activity+of+older+adults+in+different+environments+using+body-worn+activity+monitors.&aulast=Grant&pid=%3Cauthor%3EGrant+PM%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E20440029%3C%2FAN%3E		School of Health and Social Care, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

P. M. Grant, C. G. Ryan, W. W. Tigbe and M. H. Granat	2006	The validation of a novel activity monitor in the measurement of posture and motion during everyday activities		British Journal of Sports Medicine			40		12	992-7					Dec	Evaluation Studies
Validation Studies		The validation of a novel activity monitor in the measurement of posture and motion during everyday activities	BJSM online	1473-0480					PMC2577473							16980531				BACKGROUND: Accurate measurement of physical activity patterns can be used to identify sedentary behaviour and may facilitate interventions aimed at reducing inactivity.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the activPAL physical activity monitor as a measure of posture and motion in everyday activities using observational analysis as the criterion standard.
METHODS: Wearing three activPAL monitors, 10 healthy participants performed a range of randomly assigned everyday tasks incorporating walking, standing and sitting. Each trial was captured on a digital camera and the recordings were synchronised with the activPAL. The time spent in different postures was visually classified and this was compared with the activPAL output.
RESULTS: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC 2,1) for interdevice reliability ranged from 0.79 to 0.99. Using the Bland and Altman method, the mean percentage difference between the activPAL monitor and observation for total time spent sitting was 0.19% (limits of agreement -0.68% to 1.06%) and for total time spent upright was -0.27% (limits of agreement -1.38% to 0.84%). The mean difference for total time spent standing was 1.4% (limits of agreement -6.2% to 9.1%) and for total time spent walking was -2.0% (limits of agreement -16.1% to 12.1%). A second-by-second analysis between observer and monitor found an overall agreement of 95.9%.
CONCLUSION: The activPAL activity monitor is a valid and reliable measure of posture and motion during everyday physical activities.	Grant, P M
Ryan, C G
Tigbe, W W
Granat, M H		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16980531http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:16980531&id=doi:&issn=0306-3674&volume=40&issue=12&spage=992&pages=992-7&date=2006&title=British+Journal+of+Sports+Medicine&atitle=The+validation+of+a+novel+activity+monitor+in+the+measurement+of+posture+and+motion+during+everyday+activities.&aulast=Grant&pid=%3Cauthor%3EGrant+PM%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E16980531%3C%2FAN%3E		Glasgow Caledonian University, School of Health and Social Care, Glasgow, UK. m.grant@gcal.ac.uk.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

A. Grassi, A. Gaggioli and G. Riva	2011	New technologies to manage exam anxiety		Studies in health technology and informatics			167			57-62						Randomized Controlled Trial		New technologies to manage exam anxiety								Pubmed 21685642						CN-00799206				A Stress Inoculation Training-based protocol tested if multimedia audio-video content induced emotional changes and reduced exam anxiety in university students. Seventy-five participants took part in six experimental sessions consisting of viewing multimedia content and performing relaxation exercises. Participants were randomly assigned to five experimental groups: 1) audio and video narrative on mobile phone (UMTS); 2) audio and video narrative on DVD (DVD), 3) audio narrative on MP3 player (M3), 4) audio narrative on CD (CD), 5) control group (CTRL). Results showed that audio/video content induced a significant reduction in exam anxiety and an increase of relaxation in students, compared to the audio-only contents.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/206/CN-00799206/frame.html										
A. Grediagin, M. Cody, J. Rupp, D. Benardot and R. Shern	1995	Exercise intensity does not effect body composition change in untrained, moderately overfat women		Journal of the American Dietetic Association			95		6	661-5						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Exercise intensity does not effect body composition change in untrained, moderately overfat women								Pubmed 7759741						CN-00114419				OBJECTIVE: To determine whether exercise intensity effects a change in body composition. DESIGN/SUBJECTS: Twelve untrained, moderately overfat, weight-stable women were randomly assigned to a high-intensity (80% VO2max) or low-intensity (50% VO2max) exercise group. Subjects trained four times per week for 12 weeks in monitored sessions, with a duration sufficient to expend 300 kcal. During this time, subjects were instructed to maintain their normal diet and activity patterns. OUTCOME MEASURES: Pretesting and posttesting included measurement of height, weight, body fat (via hydrostatic weighing), seven skinfold sites, seven circumference sites, and VO2max. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: Results were analyzed using the Student's t test and paired samples t test. RESULTS: Posttesting revealed no significant between-group differences for change in weight, percent body fat, fat mass, fat-free mass, sum of skinfold measurements, or sum of circumference measurements. Mean weight loss was 0.7 lb for the high-intensity group (P = .55) and 3.3 lb for the low-intensity group (P = .03). Hydrostatic data revealed that each group lost an identical amount of fat (5.0 lb), but the high-intensity group gained more than twice as much fat-free mass (4.3 vs 1.8 lb). The greater increase in fat-free mass by the high-intensity group explains why the low-intensity group had a greater absolute weight loss. APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that fat loss is a function of energy expended rather than exercise intensity. Therefore, if fat loss is the goal and time is limited, persons should exercise safely at as high an intensity as tolerable to expend as much energy as possible during their allotted time.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/419/CN-00114419/frame.html										
D. D. Gretler, G. F. Carlson, A. V. Montano and M. B. Murphy	1993	Diurnal blood pressure variability and physical activity measured electronically and by diary		American Journal of Hypertension			6		2	127-33					Feb	Comparative Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Diurnal blood pressure variability and physical activity measured electronically and by diary	Am J Hypertens	0895-7061												8471232				In order for 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) to be useful in clinical decision making, it is necessary to quantify ambient physical activity and to develop appropriate norms of ambulatory pressure for different levels of activity. The present study has compared the predictive value of physical activity determined by an electronic activity monitor or a written diary, for concomitantly recorded blood pressure during ABPM in healthy normotensive subjects. Each subject wore four activity monitors, on the right and left wrists, on the left ankle and at the waist, respectively. Linear regression analysis was performed for each subject to determine the correlation between ABPM data (systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate) and activity data (obtained from diaries and the four monitors). Significant differences in the degree of correlation were found for both the location of the activity monitor and the time (1/2, 2, 5, 10, 15, and 30 min preceding blood pressure measurement) over which activity was averaged (P < .05 by two-way analysis of variance). The best correlation was obtained with the activity monitor worn on the dominant wrist, and when activity was averaged over 2 to 10 min preceding blood pressure determination, accounting for 18 to 69% (mean 36 +/- 5%) of systolic blood pressure variation. Diaries performed similarly in these well-motivated subjects. It is concluded that because of the significant interaction between activity and blood pressure, ABPM data should be interpreted only in the light of concomitant activity data.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)	Gretler, D D
Carlson, G F
Montano, A V
Murphy, M B		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=8471232http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1988+to+1995%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:8471232&id=doi:&issn=0895-7061&volume=6&issue=2&spage=127&pages=127-33&date=1993&title=American+Journal+of+Hypertension&atitle=Diurnal+blood+pressure+variability+and+physical+activity+measured+electronically+and+by+diary.&aulast=Gretler&pid=%3Cauthor%3EGretler+DD%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E8471232%3C%2FAN%3E		Committee on Clinical Pharmacology, University of Chicago, Illinois.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

N. L. Grigg, N. J. Stevenson, S. C. Wearing and J. E. Smeathers	2010	Incidental walking activity is sufficient to induce time-dependent conditioning of the Achilles tendon		Gait & Posture			31		1	64-7					Jan			Incidental walking activity is sufficient to induce time-dependent conditioning of the Achilles tendon	Gait Posture	1879-2219												19811919				The Achilles tendon has been seen to exhibit time-dependent conditioning when isometric muscle actions were of a prolonged duration, compared to those involved in dynamic activities, such as walking. Since, the effect of short duration muscle activation associated with dynamic activities is yet to be established, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of incidental walking activity on Achilles tendon diametral strain. Eleven healthy male participants refrained from physical activity in excess of the walking required to carry out necessary daily tasks and wore an activity monitor during the 24 h study period. Achilles tendon diametral strain, 2 cm proximal to the calcaneal insertion, was determined from sagittal sonograms. Baseline sonographic examinations were conducted at approximately 08:00 h followed by replicate examinations at 12 and 24 h. Walking activity was measured as either present (1) or absent (0) and a linear weighting function was applied to account for the proximity of walking activity to tendon examination time. Over the course of the day the median (min, max) Achilles tendon diametral strain was -11.4 (4.5, -25.4)%. A statistically significant relationship was evident between walking activity and diametral strain (P<0.01) and this relationship improved when walking activity was temporally weighted (AIC 131 to 126). The results demonstrate that the short yet repetitive loads generated during activities of daily living, such as walking, are sufficient to induce appreciable time-dependant conditioning of the Achilles tendon. Implications arise for the in vivo measurement of Achilles tendon properties and the rehabilitation of tendinopathy. Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Grigg, Nicole L
Stevenson, Nathan J
Wearing, Scott C
Smeathers, James E		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=19811919http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19811919&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.gaitpost.2009.08.246&issn=0966-6362&volume=31&issue=1&spage=64&pages=64-7&date=2010&title=Gait+%26+Posture&atitle=Incidental+walking+activity+is+sufficient+to+induce+time-dependent+conditioning+of+the+Achilles+tendon.&aulast=Grigg&pid=%3Cauthor%3EGrigg+NL%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19811919%3C%2FAN%3E		Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove 4059, Australia. nicole.grigg@qut.edu.au						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

Grinstead and A. Olga	1982	Behavioral Treatment Approaches to Prevent Weight Gain Following Smoking Cessation								21								Behavioral Treatment Approaches to Prevent Weight Gain Following Smoking Cessation														CN-00241277				Personality and physiological, cognitive, and environmental factors have all been suggested as critical variables in smoking cessation and relapse. Weight gain and the fear of weight gain after smoking cessation may also prevent many smokers from quitting. A sample of 45 adult smokers participated in a study in which three levels of preventive weight control intervention (weight control discussion; discussion with monitoring of eating habits; and discussion, monitoring, and homework exercises), combined with smoking control treatment, were compared for effectiveness in producing smoking cessation and preventing weight gain during and following treatment. Results showed all participants indicated a posttreatment abstinence rate of 43%, a percentage lower than that found in previous studies. No signficant differences were found between the three treatment conditions in percentage of participants abstinent at 1 and 6 months posttreatment. A significant treatment effect was found for the intermediate treatment group which showed a 50% abstinence rate at 6 months posttreatment, compared to 15% and 29% for the other groups. Treatment condition was not found to affect body weight. Although treatment manipulation was expected to affect body weight, the absence of weight differences between groups may be related to the structure and social support the treatment groups provided to participants. (JAC) [By permission, ERIC Processing and Reference Facility, US Department of Education]			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/277/CN-00241277/frame.html										
G. Groeneweg, F. Huygen, S. Niehof, F. Wesseldijk, J. Bussmann, F. Schasfoort, D. Stronks and F. Zijlstra	2008	Effect of tadalafil on blood flow, pain, and function in chronic cold complex regional pain syndrome: a randomized controlled trial		BMC musculoskeletal disorders			9			143						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effect of tadalafil on blood flow, pain, and function in chronic cold complex regional pain syndrome: a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 18937830						CN-00687548				BACKGROUND: This double-blind, randomized, controlled trial investigated the effect of the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor tadalafil on the microcirculation in patients with cold Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) in one lower extremity. METHODS: Twenty-four patients received 20 mg tadalafil or placebo daily for 12 weeks. The patients also participated in a physical therapy program. The primary outcome measure was temperature difference between the CRPS side and the contralateral side, determined by measuring the skin temperature with videothermography. Secondary outcomes were: pain measured on a Visual Analogue Scale, muscle force measured with a MicroFet 2 dynamometer, and level of activity measured with an Activity Monitor (AM) and walking tests. RESULTS: At the end of the study period, the temperature asymmetry was not significantly reduced in the tadalafil group compared with the placebo group, but there was a significant and clinically relevant reduction of pain in the tadalafil group. Muscle force improved in both treatment groups and the AM revealed small, non-significant improvements in time spent standing, walking, and the number of short walking periods. CONCLUSION: Tadalafil may be a promising new treatment for patients that have chronic cold CRPS due to endothelial dysfunction, and deserves further investigation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The registration number in the Dutch Trial Register is ISRCTN60226869.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/548/CN-00687548/frame.html										
J. Groeneweg, F. Huygen, S. Niehof, F. Wesseldijk, J. Bussmann, F. Schasfoort, D. Stronks and F. Zijlstra	2009	No recovery of cold complex regional pain syndrome after transdermal isosorbide dinitrate: a small controlled trial		Journal of pain and symptom management			38		3	401-8						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		No recovery of cold complex regional pain syndrome after transdermal isosorbide dinitrate: a small controlled trial								Pubmed 19515530						CN-00729311				The microcirculation appears to be impaired in cold chronic complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial investigated the effect of the nitric oxide (NO) donor isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) on the peripheral blood flow in patients with chronic CRPS. Twenty-four patients received 1% ISDN in Vaseline or a placebo ointment applied to the dorsum of the affected hand four times daily for 10 weeks. The patients participated in a physical therapy program to improve activity. The primary outcome measure was blood distribution in the affected extremity, which was determined by measuring the skin temperature using videothermography. We also measured NO and endothelin-1 concentrations in blister fluid, pain using the visual analog scale, and activity limitations using an upper limb activity monitor and the Disabilities of Arm Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire. ISDN failed to produce a significant improvement in temperature asymmetry in chronic cold CRPS patients, and it did not result in the expected reduction in pain and increase in activity compared with placebo either. There may be other central or peripheral factors contributing to the disturbed vasodynamics in cold chronic CRPS that are not influenced by NO substitution. This study does not show an improvement of the regional blood distribution by ISDN in the involved extremity of patients with cold-type CRPS.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/311/CN-00729311/frame.html										
J. Grotta	1997	Lubeluzole treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The US and Canadian Lubeluzole Ischemic Stroke Study Group		Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation			28		12	2338-46						Clinical Trial; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Lubeluzole treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The US and Canadian Lubeluzole Ischemic Stroke Study Group								Pubmed 9412611						CN-00146297				BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Lubeluzole is a novel benzothiazole compound that has shown neuroprotective activity in preclinical models of ischemic stroke. The present multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of lubeluzole in the treatment of ischemic stroke. METHODS: Seven hundred twenty-one patients with clinical symptoms of acute ischemic stroke were randomized to receive either lubeluzole (7.5 mg over 1 hour, followed by a continuous daily infusion of 10 mg for up to 5 days) or placebo. Treatment was initiated within 6 hours of symptom onset. Mortality at 12 weeks was the primary efficacy end point. Secondary efficacy end points included neurological recovery (based on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS]), functional status (based on the Barthel Index), and level of disability (based on the Rankin Scale). Safety assessments included standard and continuous electrocardiographic monitoring, physical examination, measurements of vital signs, clinical laboratory evaluation, and adverse events reports. RESULTS: The overall mortality rate at 12 weeks for lubeluzole-treated patients was 20.7% compared to 25.2% for placebo-treated patients (NS). Controlling for relevant covariates, the degree of neurological recovery (NIHSS) at week 12 significantly favored lubeluzole over placebo (P = .033). Lubeluzole treatment similarly resulted in significantly greater improvements in functional status (Barthel Index) (P = .038) and overall disability (Rankin Scale) (P = .034) after 12 weeks. A global test statistic confirmed that lubeluzole-treated patients had a more favorable clinical outcome at 12 weeks (P = .041). The safety profile of lubeluzole resembled that of placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with lubeluzole within 6 hours of the onset of ischemic stroke had a nonsignificant effect on mortality and resulted in improved clinical outcome compared with placebo, with no safety concerns.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/297/CN-00146297/frame.html										
H. Gudbergsen, E. Bartels, P. Krusager, E. Wæhrens, R. Christensen, B. Danneskiold-Samsøe and H. Bliddal	2011	Test-retest of computerized health status questionnaires frequently used in the monitoring of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized crossover trial		BMC musculoskeletal disorders			12			190						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Test-retest of computerized health status questionnaires frequently used in the monitoring of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized crossover trial								Pubmed 21851618						CN-00806470				BACKGROUND: To compare data based on touch screen to data based on traditional paper versions of questionnaires frequently used to examine patient reported outcomes in knee osteoarthritis patients and to examine the impact of patient characteristics on this comparison METHODS: Participants were recruited from an ongoing trial (http://ClinicalTrials.Gov Identifier: NCT00655941). 20 female participants, mean age 67 (SD 7), completed KOOS, VAS pain, function and patient global, SF-36, Physical Activity Scale, painDETECT, and the ADL Taxonomy. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two subgroups, completing either the paper or touch screen version first. Mean, mean differences (95% CI), median, median differences and Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for all questionnaires. RESULTS: ICCs between data based on computerized and paper versions ranged from 0.86 to 0.99. Analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between versions of the ADL Taxonomy, but not for the remaining questionnaires. Age, computer experience or education-level had no significant impact on the results. The computerized questionnaires were reported to be easier to use. CONCLUSION: The computerized questionnaires gave comparable results to answers given on paper. Patient characteristics did not influence results and implementation was feasible.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/470/CN-00806470/frame.html										
B. Guerci, P. Drouin, V. Grangé, P. Bougnères, P. Fontaine, V. Kerlan, P. Passa, C. Thivolet, B. Vialettes and B. Charbonnel	2003	Self-monitoring of blood glucose significantly improves metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Auto-Surveillance Intervention Active (ASIA) study		Diabetes & metabolism			29		6	587-94						Clinical Trial; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Self-monitoring of blood glucose significantly improves metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Auto-Surveillance Intervention Active (ASIA) study								Pubmed 14707887						CN-00473244				OBJECTIVE: Self monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in type 2 diabetes is a topic of current interest (imbalance between increased health-care costs and improvement in compliance with treatment and diet). An open label randomized prospective study was designed to compare changes in metabolic control over 6 months in patients managed with usual recommendations alone (conventional assessment group) or combined with SMBG. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Patients not treated with insulin or previously self monitored, 40 to 75 years of age, with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes > 1 year and standardized HbA(1c) level > =7.5 and< =11% were randomized to either a control group or SMBG group. They were followed up every 6 weeks over 24 weeks. Patients in the SMBG group were given the same device (Ascensia Esprit Discmeter, Bayer) and were required to perform at least 6 capillary assays a week (3 different days of the week, including weekend). Management of patients was standardized, including drugs, diet and physical activity. The primary efficacy criterion was change in HbA(1c) level in Intent To Treat (ITT) patients. Assays were performed at baseline, at 3 and 6 months using the calibrated DCA 2000(R) device (Bayer). RESULTS: Two hundred sixty five general practitioners randomized 988 patients (ITT Population), but 689 patients were evaluable for the primary criterion. At the endpoint, HbA(1c) was lower in the SMBG group (8.1 +/- 1.6%) than in the conventional treatment group (8.4 +/- 1.4%, P=0.012). The change in HbA(1c) levels between baseline and endpoint was classified into two classes: improvement if a change > 0.5% occurred, stability or worsening in case of a change< =0.5%; 57.1% of patients in the SMBG group vs 46.8% in the control group had an improvement in HbA(1c) level (P=0.007) after 3 months. A steady state was reached during the last 3 months. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed and identified factors predictive of improvement in HbA(1c) levels: HbA(1c) at baseline: odd ratio (OR)=1.749 (P<0.001), SMBG group (reference value: SMBG group): OR=0.665 (P=0.015), duration of diabetes: OR=0.953 (P=0.001) and BMI: OR=0.962 (P=0.039). CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first multicenter, controlled, prospective trial conducted on a large number of patients demonstrating that SMBG was statistically associated with a better quality of metabolic control than usual traditional recommendations alone in type 2 diabetes.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/244/CN-00473244/frame.html										
M. Guillen, C. Kornhauser, V. Samaniego, d. Lerdo and H. Sanchez	1995	Once-daily pravastatin compared with dietary advice in patients with borderline and moderate primary hypercholesterolemia		Current Therapeutic Research Clinical and Experimental.			56		3	305-16								Once-daily pravastatin compared with dietary advice in patients with borderline and moderate primary hypercholesterolemia														CN-00170644				The modifications induced in serum lipids in patients who were instructed only to modify their diet, smoking and lifestyle were compared with those achieved when such nonpharmacological measures were complemented with small, once-daily doses of pravastatin in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia of mild-to-moderate degree who also had two or more additional coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors. A total of 150 men and women, aged 21 to 69 years (mean age, 41.77 plus-or-minus sign 9.81 years), with borderline and moderate hypercholesterolemia, who also had two or more CHD risk factors, were randomized to receive pravastatin or placebo after being instructed to reduce dietary intake of saturated fat and cholesterol, increase physical activity, and eliminate smoking for at least 4 weeks. The protocol required that patients have total cholesterol levels between 200 and 260 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol greater than or equal130 mg/dL, and triglyceride levels <350 mg/dL, at the end of those 4 weeks. Participants were recruited from four clinical centers. Following the run-in period, patients who had the required total and LDL cholesterol levels were randomly assigned in double- blind fashion to a group that received pravastatin 10 mg once daily at bedtime (one tablet) or a group that received one matching placebo tablet once daily at bedtime. If the total cholesterol level after 10 to 12 weeks of treatment had fallen less than 15% or remained at 200 mg/dL or greater, the investigator had the option to decide in a double-blind fashion if the dose of the randomized study medication should be increased to two tablets at bedtime during the last 13 weeks of the study. Of the 150 patients randomized, 105 were eligible for the efficacy evaluation. Most of these received one tablet of the randomized study medication for the duration of the trial; only 5 patients treated with pravastatin and 7 treated with placebo had their medication dose doubled during weeks 14 to 26. Patients instructed to modify their diet, smoking, and lifestyle by itself showed no significant changes in mean plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, or high-density Lipoprotein (HDL) choles terol. The group treated with pravastatin showed significant reductions from baseline in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol (P < 0.001), which was apparent at week 6 and was maintained at weeks 13 and 26. A small increase in mean HDL cholesterol levels was recorded, but it failed to reach statistical significance. Triglycerides did not change. After 26 weeks of treatment with pravastatin, reductions from baseline in total and LDL cholesterol were 11.7% and 20.3%, respectively, and the increase in HDL cholesterol was 7.6%. At the end of the trial total cholesterol levels were reduced to <200 mg/dL in 47.8% of the patients treated with pravastatin but only in 18% of those given dietary advice alone; similarly 57.1% of patients taking pravastatin and 21.8% of those receiving placebo reached the target LDL cholesterol level of (130 mg /dL. During the trial 10 of 76 patients randomized to receive pravastatin (13%) and 15 of 74 of those receiving placebo (20%) reported side effects. These were mild and caused discontinuation in only one patient who developed a skin rash while on placebo. No serious adverse laboratory experiences were reported. A cholesterol- lowering diet, explained and monitored in the setting of a medical visit, was insufficient to produce the total and LDL cholesterol levels considered desirable for the hypercholesterolemic patient without CHD but with two or more CHD risk factors. The addition of a small dose of pravastatin once a day considerably increased the proportion of patients who reached the defined therapeutic goals for total LDL cholesterol. Nevertheless, such an approach does not circumvent the need to improve current methods used by physicians to prescribe and supervise the required diet. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B. V., Amsterdam. All Rights Reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/644/CN-00170644/frame.html										
X. Guo, G. Yi, V. Batchvarov, M. Gallagher and M. Malik	1999	Effect of moderate physical exercise on noninvasive cardiac autonomic tests in healthy volunteers		International journal of cardiology			69		2	155-68						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effect of moderate physical exercise on noninvasive cardiac autonomic tests in healthy volunteers								Pubmed 10549839						CN-00263954				BACKGROUND: In addition to the assessment of extreme cardiovascular reserve, new methodology is needed which is sensitive enough to detect subtle improvement in cardiovascular fitness in cardiac patients. AIM: This study modelled subtle clinical improvement by a moderate physical activity programme in healthy volunteers and investigated whether the improved fitness is detectable by non-invasive tests of cardiac autonomic status. METHODS: Twenty healthy volunteers (ten women, mean age 39.6+/-7.8 years) were divided into two groups of five women and five men in each. One group (the active group) was subjected to a moderate physical training programme for 6 months. The other group (the passive group) served as controls and continued with a predominantly sedentary lifestyle. Twice before commencing the exercise programme and regularly afterwards, subjects were investigated by a series of non-invasive autonomic tests including controlled respiration, active postural change, isometric handgrip, and Valsalva manoeuvre. A continuous three lead semi-orthogonal electrocardiogram and continuous blood pressure monitoring was obtained. Statistical descriptors of heart rate and blood pressure, spectral descriptors of their modulation, and baroreflex index giving the proportion between simultaneous heart rate and blood pressure changes were obtained from each test. RESULTS: Although the exercise programme was not extensive enough to be detected in changes of the baseline heart rate, the minimum RR interval during the Valsalva manoeuvre prolonged significantly with exercise in the active group. The mean arterial diastolic pressure decreased significantly. High frequency components of RR interval modulations decreased in supine controlled respiration and increased in standing controlled respiration and a trend towards an increase of both high frequency and low frequency components of diastolic arterial pressure modulations was noted with exercise. Baroreflex index assessed from Valsalva manoeuvre increased significantly. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that a selected set of non-invasive autonomic tests is sensitive enough to depict moderate improvement in cardiovascular fitness and that a multivariate assessment of cardiovascular fitness based on these tests might be applicable to monitoring chronic cardiac patients subjected to different clinical management modes.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/954/CN-00263954/frame.html										
L. A. Haakstad, I. Gundersen and K. Bo	2010	Self-reporting compared to motion monitor in the measurement of physical activity during pregnancy		Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica			89		6	749-56					Jun	Clinical Trial
Comparative Study
Validation Studies		Self-reporting compared to motion monitor in the measurement of physical activity during pregnancy	Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand	1600-0412												20450260				UNLABELLED: Most pregnancy-studies have relied on retrospective, cross-sectional surveys to measure physical activity level. Questionnaires are cost-effective, but validity of the data may be questionable.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to validate a physical activity and pregnancy questionnaire (PAPQ) with a portable activity monitor (ActiReg).
DESIGN: Prospective comparison study.
SETTING: Healthy pregnant women recruited in a capital area.
POPULATION: Seventy-seven pregnant women wore the ActiReg sensors during waking hours for seven consecutive days and answered the PAPQ.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Agreement between the two methods was analyzed by Bland-Altman plots and Spearman correlation coefficients.
RESULTS: The results indicated only small differences between the PAPQ and the ActiReg((R)) in cross-tabulation of total physical activity level and proportion of participants meeting the current exercise guidelines. The correlation between the methods was good (r = 0.59) for time spent in activities with high intensity (METS > 6), moderate for time spent standing/moving (r = 0.36) and fair for sitting/lying (r = 0.29). The Bland-Altman plot of the activity patterns, showed a mean difference near zero with no apparent trends and wide scatter of individual observations.
CONCLUSIONS: The PAPQ may be considered an acceptable method for assessing habitual physical activity and exercise among pregnant women at group level. However, as questionnaires and portable activity monitors have their strengths in measuring different aspects of physical activity, there may be advantages in combining these two types of instruments for registrations of physical activity level during pregnancy.	Haakstad, Lene A H
Gundersen, Ingvild
Bo, Kari		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=20450260http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:20450260&id=doi:10.3109%2F00016349.2010.484482&issn=0001-6349&volume=89&issue=6&spage=749&pages=749-56&date=2010&title=Acta+Obstetricia+et+Gynecologica+Scandinavica&atitle=Self-reporting+compared+to+motion+monitor+in+the+measurement+of+physical+activity+during+pregnancy.&aulast=Haakstad&pid=%3Cauthor%3EHaakstad+LA%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E20450260%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Ulleval Stadion, Oslo, Norway. lene.haakstad@nih.no						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. Hackney, W. Linn, E. Avol, D. Shamoo, K. Anderson, J. Solomon, D. Little and R. Peng	1992	Exposures of older adults with chronic respiratory illness to nitrogen dioxide. A combined laboratory and field study		American review of respiratory disease			146		6	1480-6						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Exposures of older adults with chronic respiratory illness to nitrogen dioxide. A combined laboratory and field study								Pubmed 1456564						CN-00089177				We combined field and laboratory experimentation to evaluate the effects of nitrogen dioxide in a panel of Los Angeles area residents with chronic respiratory illness, 15 men and 11 women aged 47 to 69. All had heavy smoking history, chronic symptoms, and low FEV1; some also had low FVC. During the fall-winter high-NO2 season, they monitored themselves for 2-wk periods using spirometers in the home, passive NO2 sampling badges, and diaries to record time and activity patterns and clinical status. In the middle of each self-monitoring week they were exposed in a chamber, once to clean air and once to 0.3 ppm NO2. Chamber exposures were double blind, lasted 4 h, and included four 7-min exercise sessions with average ventilation rates near 25 L/min. Symptom reports and hourly forced expiratory function tests showed no statistically significant differences between clean air and NO2 chamber exposures, although peak flow showed a approximately 3% loss with NO2 relative to clean air during the first 2 h of exposure only (p = 0.056). No significant overall differences were found between field self-measurements and measurements of lung function in the chamber or between field measurements in clean air and NO2 exposure weeks. Field data showed that group average lung function and symptom levels were worse in the morning than later in the day (p < 0.005) but otherwise were stable over 2 wk. Even though most subjects smoked and stayed indoors 80 to 90% of the time, personal NO2 exposures correlated significantly with outdoor NO2 concentrations as reported by local monitoring stations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/177/CN-00089177/frame.html										
D. Hadziomerovi, K. Moeller, P. Licht, A. Hein, S. Veitenhansel, M. Kusmitsch and L. Wildt	2008	The biphasic pattern of end-expiratory carbon dioxide pressure: a method for identification of the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle		Fertility and sterility			90		3	731-6						Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The biphasic pattern of end-expiratory carbon dioxide pressure: a method for identification of the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle								Pubmed 17936278						CN-00700445				OBJECTIVE: To examine the changes of end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure (P(ET)CO(2)) during the menstrual cycle. DESIGN: Controlled clinical study. SETTING: Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. PATIENT(S): One hundred sixty women with a history of regular menstrual cycles were studied. INTERVENTION(S): The P(ET)CO(2) was determined once daily. Monitoring of the cycles was performed by ultrasonography and determination of E(2), P, and LH in blood or LH in urine samples. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The changes in P(ET)CO(2) during the ovulatory and anovulatory cycles were analyzed. RESULT(S): The time course of P(ET)CO(2) followed a biphasic pattern with luteal phase values being on average 6.5 +/- 2.5 mm Hg lower than during the follicular phase. The decrease of P(ET)CO(2) started, coincident with the increase of E(2), 1-8 days (median: 4.5 days) before onset of the LH surge. No such changes in P(ET)CO(2) could be observed during the anovulatory cycles. These changes could be mimicked by administration of E(2) or P. The P(ET)CO(2) did not exhibit a circadian rhythm and was not influenced by normal physical activity. CONCLUSION(S): The P(ET)CO(2) changes in a characteristic way during the menstrual cycle. Determination of P(ET)CO(2) appears to be a promising method for the detection of the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle in the context of natural family planning.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/445/CN-00700445/frame.html										
E. Haeuber, M. Shaughnessy, L. W. Forrester, K. L. Coleman and R. F. Macko	2004	Accelerometer monitoring of home- and community-based ambulatory activity after stroke		Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation			85		12	1997-2001					Dec	Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Accelerometer monitoring of home- and community-based ambulatory activity after stroke	Arch Phys Med Rehabil	0003-9993												15605339				OBJECTIVES: To investigate the utility of a novel microprocessor-linked Step Watch Activity Monitor (SAM) to quantify ambulatory activity after stroke and to evaluate the validity and reliability of conventional accelerometers to measure free-living physical activity in this population.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional with repeated measures of 2 separate 48-hour recordings in 17 persons wearing an ankle-mounted SAM and Caltrac, a hip-mounted mechanical accelerometer.
SETTING: Home and community.
PARTICIPANTS: Seventeen subjects with chronic hemiparetic gait after stroke.
INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The SAM derived stride counts per day and Caltrac estimated the daily caloric expenditure of physical activity.
RESULTS: SAM data revealed that stroke patients had a mean strides per day +/- standard deviation of 3035+/-1944 and demonstrated a broad range of daily activity profiles (400-6472 strides). SAM test-retest reliability was high across separate monitoring periods (r=.96, P<.001). Although Caltrac also revealed a broad range of daily activity calories (346+/-217 kcal/d; range, 83-1222 kcal/d), reliability was poor (r=.044, P=not significant) and Caltrac accounted for only 64% of the ambulatory activity quantified by the SAM.
CONCLUSIONS: Microprocessor-linked accelerometer monitoring, but not conventional accelerometers, are accurate and highly reliable for quantifying ambulatory activity levels in stroke patients. These findings support the utility of personal status monitoring of ambulatory activity as an outcomes instrument and metric in programs to increase physical activity and cardiovascular health after stroke.	Haeuber, Elaina
Shaughnessy, Marianne
Forrester, Larry W
Coleman, Kim L
Macko, Richard F
R29 AG14487 (United States NIA NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15605339http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:15605339&id=doi:&issn=0003-9993&volume=85&issue=12&spage=1997&pages=1997-2001&date=2004&title=Archives+of+Physical+Medicine+%26+Rehabilitation&atitle=Accelerometer+monitoring+of+home-+and+community-based+ambulatory+activity+after+stroke.&aulast=Haeuber&pid=%3Cauthor%3EHaeuber+E%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E15605339%3C%2FAN%3E		Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, MD, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. Hagstromer, P. Oja and M. Sjostrom	2006	The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ): a study of concurrent and construct validity		Public Health Nutrition			9		6	755-62					Sep	Validation Studies		The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ): a study of concurrent and construct validity	Public Health Nutr	1368-9800												16925881				INTRODUCTION: The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was developed to measure health-related physical activity (PA) in populations. The short version of the IPAQ has been tested extensively and is now used in many international studies. The present study aimed to explore the validity characteristics of the long-version IPAQ.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty-six voluntary healthy male and female subjects (age, mean +/- standard deviation: 40.7 +/- 10.3 years) participated in the study. PA indicators derived from the long, self-administered IPAQ were compared with data from an activity monitor and a PA log book for concurrent validity, and with aerobic fitness, body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat for construct validity.
RESULTS: Strong positive relationships were observed between the activity monitor data and the IPAQ data for total PA (rho = 0.55, P < 0.001) and vigorous PA (rho = 0.71, P < 0.001), but a weaker relationship for moderate PA (rho = 0.21, P = 0.051). Calculated MET-h day(-1) from the PA log book was significantly correlated with MET-h day(-1) from the IPAQ (rho = 0.67, P < 0.001). A weak correlation was observed between IPAQ data for total PA and both aerobic fitness (rho = 0.21, P = 0.051) and BMI (rho = 0.25, P = 0.009). No significant correlation was observed between percentage body fat and IPAQ variables. Bland-Altman analysis suggested that the inability of activity monitors to detect certain types of activities might introduce a source of error in criterion validation studies.
CONCLUSIONS: The long, self-administered IPAQ questionnaire has acceptable validity when assessing levels and patterns of PA in healthy adults.	Hagstromer, Maria
Oja, Pekka
Sjostrom, Michael		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16925881http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:16925881&id=doi:&issn=1368-9800&volume=9&issue=6&spage=755&pages=755-62&date=2006&title=Public+Health+Nutrition&atitle=The+International+Physical+Activity+Questionnaire+%28IPAQ%29%3A+a+study+of+concurrent+and+construct+validity.&aulast=Hagstromer&pid=%3Cauthor%3EHagstromer+M%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E16925881%3C%2FAN%3E		Unit for Preventive Nutrition - Novum, Department of Biosciences, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden. maria.hagstromer@prevnut.ki.se						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

A. Hahn, B. Van, A. Kempton, T. Sladden and E. Garner	1996	Meeting the challenge of falls prevention at the population level: A community-based intervention with older people in Australia		Health promotion international			11		3	203-11								Meeting the challenge of falls prevention at the population level: A community-based intervention with older people in Australia														CN-00180845				Older people form a large and growing segment of our population, experience disproportionately more illness and require mol e use of health services than any other group. This differential is largely due to falls, which are the leading cause of injury for those aged 65 plus. The North Coast 'Stay On Your Feet' programme is a 4-year multi-strategic, community-based intervention to address this problem among 80,000 older residents. This paper presents key results of the first 18 months of the programme. It demonstrates potential achievements of this type of intervention and examines some barriers. Programme effect was measured quasi-experimentally by monitoring indicators of awareness, knowledge, attitudes and risk factors via a telephone survey with random cohorts in intervention and control areas. After allowing for baseline covariates, the intervention was significantly associated with: raised awareness both of the problem of falling and its preventability; improved knowledge of the risk factors for falling; and a higher self-rated risk of falling. As expected, there is as yet no population change in falls rate. Initial changes shown in risk factors for falling raise interesting challenges. A reduction in physical activity may indicate that older people, now more aware of risk, are being advised to restrict their activities. An increase in proportion of older people taking medications which may cause unsteadiness also presents a challenge. However, a concomitant decrease in reported dizziness may indicate that medications are now better managed. This evaluation shows that in 18 months, a well-funded and managed community-based falls prevention programme can achieve changes in awareness, knowledge and attitudes but that continued intervention is required to substantially change behavioural risk factor profiles and the likelihood of an older person falling. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B. V., Amsterdam. All Rights Reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/845/CN-00180845/frame.html										
V. Hainer, M. Kunesová, V. Stich, A. Zák and J. Parizková	1994	[The role of oils containing triacylglycerols and medium-chain fatty acids in the dietary treatment of obesity. The effect on resting energy expenditure and serum lipids]		Casopís lékar?? c?eských			133		12	373-5						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; English Abstract;		[The role of oils containing triacylglycerols and medium-chain fatty acids in the dietary treatment of obesity. The effect on resting energy expenditure and serum lipids]								Pubmed 8069895						CN-00103905				BACKGROUND: Treatment of obesity with strict reducing diets is as a rule associated with the development of energetic efficiency manifested among others also by a decline of energy expenditure. The objective of the trial was to test whether addition of oils containing triacylglycerols with medium-chain fatty acid can prevent this decline and whether their administration can affect the lipid spectrum. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty obese patients were served for a four-week period of hospitalization at the obesitology unit a low-energy diet REDITA (Promil Co., N. Bydzov) providing 1596 kJ, 37 g protein, 50 g carbohydrate and 3 g fat. Part of the treatment was regular aerobic exercise, behavioural therapy to teach correct dietary habits and physical activity; physical activity was monitored by means of pedometers. From this group during the 3rd and 4th week 11 patients with similar characteristics were separated (age, body weight, BMI and energy expenditure at rest) as in the basic group. These patients were given daily 15 ml oil containing triacylglycerols with medium-chain fatty acids, MCT OIL (Mead Johnson, Evansville), providing 545 kJ. The resting energy expenditure was assessed in all patients every morning on fasting, immediately after awakening, using indirect calorimetry and it was corrected with regard to the respiratory quotient and excretion of catabolic nitrogen. The body composition was assessed at the beginning and at the end of the trial by hydrostatic weighing. Administration of oil containing triacylglycerols with medium-chain fatty acids (MCT OIL) prevented the decline of the resting energy expenditure (130.0 +/- 9.2 kJ/kg lean body mass/day, as compared with 126.5 +/- 7.2 kJ/kg lean body mass/day in the basic group: the difference is statistically not significant). Although addition of oil increased the energy intake by 545 kJ/day, the drop of body weight and BMI was comparable with that in the group of obese patients who did not receive the oil (10.3 +/- 1.1 kg vs. 10.6 +/- 0.5 kg). While during administration of the oil the resting energy expenditure did not change (5.97 +/- 0.30 kJ/min. vs. 5.24 +/- 0.58 kJ/min.), in obese patients who were only on the strict reducing diet it declined from 5.45 +/- 0.18 kJ/min. to 4.44 +/- 0.22 kJ/min. (p < 0.01). The significant drop of total cholesterol achieved by dietotherapy alone (5.41 +/- 0.21 mmol/l vs. 6.26 0.20 mmol/l before treatment) was not affected by administration of oil (4.86 +/- 0.28 mmol/l vs. 5.69 +/- 0.35 mmol/l before treatment). HDL-cholesterol, on the other hand, declined only in obese patients with dietotherapy (1.40 +/- 0.04 mmol/vs. 1.22 +/- 0.04 mmol/l after treatment, p < 0.01). The triacylglycerol values declined significantly in both groups (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: It appears that administration of thermogenetically acting triacylglycerols with medium-chain fatty acids can prevent diet-induced energetic efficiency and can improve the long-term success of dietotherapy of obese patients.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/905/CN-00103905/frame.html										
A. Häkkinen, T. Sokka, H. Kautiainen, A. Kotaniemi and P. Hannonen	2004	Sustained maintenance of exercise induced muscle strength gains and normal bone mineral density in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: a 5 year follow up		Annals of the rheumatic diseases			63		8	910-6						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Sustained maintenance of exercise induced muscle strength gains and normal bone mineral density in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: a 5 year follow up								Pubmed 15249317						CN-00482495				OBJECTIVE: To investigate at 5 years whether an initial 2 year home based strength training period imposes sustained effects on muscle strength, bone mineral density (BMD), structural joint damage, and on disease activity in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Seventy patients were randomised either to perform home based strength training with loads of 50-70% of repetition maximum (EG) or range of motion exercises (CG). Both groups were encouraged to take part in aerobic activities 2-3 times a week. Maximal muscle strength of different muscle groups was measured by dynamometers, and BMD at the femoral neck and lumbar spine by dual x ray densitometry. Disease activity was assessed by the 28 joint disease activity score, and joint damage by x ray findings. RESULTS: 62 patients completed 2 years' training and 59 patients attended check up at 5 years. Mean (SD) maximum muscle strength indices increased from baseline to 2 years-in EG from 212 (78) kg by a mean (95% CI) of 68 (55 to 80) and in CG from 195 (72) kg by 35 (13 to 60) kg-and remained at that level for the next 3 years. Development of BMD in EG tended to be more favourable than that in CG. Muscle strength training was not detrimental to joint structures or disease activity. CONCLUSION: The patients' exercise induced muscle strength gains during a 2 year training period were maintained throughout a subsequent self monitored training period of 3 years. Despite substantial training effects in muscle strength, BMD values remained relatively constant. Radiographic damage remained low even at 5 years.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/495/CN-00482495/frame.html										
M. Halinen, P. Palomäki, J. Kuikka, E. Länsimies, H. Miettinen, I. Penttilä and K. Pyörälä	1989	Effect of early metoprolol injection followed by oral dosage on CK-MB release, and myocardial function in suspected acute myocardial infarction. A double-blind controlled study		Cardiology			76		3	180-92						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Effect of early metoprolol injection followed by oral dosage on CK-MB release, and myocardial function in suspected acute myocardial infarction. A double-blind controlled study								Pubmed 2673511						CN-00062320				The effect of metoprolol on indices of infarct size and left ventricular function was compared with that of placebo in a double-blind randomized trial in patients with definite or suspected acute myocardial infarction. Intravenous metoprolol (15 mg) or placebo was given within 24 h of the onset of symptoms, and oral treatment (200 mg daily) was continued for 15 days. Thirty-five patients received metoprolol and 34 patients placebo. The mean (+/- SD) of maximal creatinine phosphokinase (CK)-MB activities was 142 +/- 110 IU/l in the placebo group and 74 +/- 72 IU/l in the metoprolol group (p less than 0.001). The ECG QRS score at discharge from hospital was 5.22 +/- 4.47 and 4.61 +/- 3.06 (NS), respectively. Global left ventricular ejection fraction at rest was 44 +/- 14 and 51 +/- 15% (p = 0.054), respectively, and no change occurred in either group from rest to peak exercise. Ventricular fibrillation occurred in 1 placebo patient during the first day in hospital and in 1 metoprolol patient on the 14th day. Holter monitoring revealed no significant difference in the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias during the first 24 h. Smaller enzyme release and higher ejection fraction suggest myocardial protection by early metoprolol treatment in acute myocardial infarction.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/320/CN-00062320/frame.html										
H. Hall, L. Minnes and K. Olness	1993	The psychophysiology of voluntary immunomodulation		International journal of neuroscience			69		1-4	221-34						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The psychophysiology of voluntary immunomodulation								Pubmed 8083009						CN-00104240				In twenty-two studies of intentional effects of humans to change immune measures, only four monitored psychophysiologic parameters. One study reported physiologic alterations associated with immune changes. In this current study we examined changes in pulse rate and peripheral temperature associated with intentional changes in neutrophil adherence. Subjects had blood, pulse and temperature recordings collected before and after either a rest condition (Group A), or a self-regulation exercise (Groups B and C) for two sessions. Group C had four prior training sessions before participating in the experimental sessions. This study found no association between psychophysiologic alterations and neutrophil changes. The control group (A) demonstrated no significant neutrophil changes but showed physiologic alterations, whereas, the experimental group (C) that showed increases in neutrophil adherence demonstrated no significant physiologic changes. It was speculated that intentional changes on neutrophil adherence and the pattern of the psychophysiologic measures were associated with and reflective of cognitive activity.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/240/CN-00104240/frame.html										
L. Halsey, J. Huber, T. Low, C. Ibeawuchi, P. Woodruff and S. Reeves	2012	Does consuming breakfast influence activity levels? An experiment into the effect of breakfast consumption on eating habits and energy expenditure		Public health nutrition			15		2	238-45						Journal: Article		Does consuming breakfast influence activity levels? An experiment into the effect of breakfast consumption on eating habits and energy expenditure								Pubmed 21729464						CN-00897281				OBJECTIVE: To experimentally compare the effects of eating or skipping breakfast on energy expenditure, activity levels and dietary habits. DESIGN: A randomised cross-over trial, lasting 2 weeks. Participants were provided breakfast during one week and were required to fast until mid-day during the other week. SETTING: University campus. SUBJECTS: Forty-nine participants (twenty-six female and twenty-three male participants) were recruited. Food intake was monitored using food diaries, and energy expenditure was assessed using pedometers and heart rate monitors. Morningness-eveningness, physical activity and health were assessed using validated questionnaires. RESULTS: Across all participants, daily energy expenditure did not differ between the two experimental conditions. Total energy intake over 24 h did not vary with condition (male participants: 8134 (sd 447) kJ/d and 7514 (sd 368) kJ/d; female participants: 7778 (sd 410) kJ/d and 7531 (sd 535) kJ/d, for the breakfast and no-breakfast conditions, respectively). However, when comparing habitual breakfast eaters with those with irregular or breakfast-skipping habits, it was found that male non-habitual breakfast eaters consumed significantly (P = 0·029) more energy during the breakfast condition. Furthermore, female participants who were habitual breakfast eaters were found to eat significantly (P = 0·005) more and later in the day under the no-breakfast condition. CONCLUSIONS: Although the suggestion that breakfast is a behavioural marker for appropriate dietary and physical activity patterns is not refuted by the present findings, our data suggest that the effect of breakfast may vary as a function of gender and morning eating habits, and thus there may be other mechanisms that link BMI and breakfast consumption behaviour.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/281/CN-00897281/frame.html										
D. Hans, L. Genton, M. Drezner, A. Schott, R. Pacifici, L. Avioli, D. Slosman and P. Meunier	2002	Monitored impact loading of the hip: initial testing of a home-use device		Calcified tissue international			71		2	112-20						Clinical Trial; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Monitored impact loading of the hip: initial testing of a home-use device								Pubmed 12200644						CN-00409683				Many studies have been done involving exercise, impact loading, and the effect on BMD. In some of these studies, particularly those involving outpatient activity, compliance and the specific parameters of an individual's impact loading have been difficult to monitor effectively. In this study, an individual, home-use platform was used to record daily, specific, and reproducible impact forces generated during a heel drop exercise. At three centers over 24 months, we conducted a randomized, prospective study of 157 osteoporotic and osteopenic women, aged 60-85 years. A total of 99 patients used the home Osteocare device (OrthoGenesis Incorporated, Northborough, Massachusetts USA) to generate a reproducible and specific daily impact program (active group). Controls (32) performed a similar motion on the unit but without trying to trigger an impact force (sham group), and 26 patients did no prescribed heel drop exercise (control group). All groups had the same calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Hip DXA was performed at baseline and every 6 months during the entire study duration. Compliance with the 3-5 min routine was high, and patients were able to consistently achieve the specific targeted impact range. Pooled BMD results showed no significant differences between groups in overall BMD measurements. However, a classification model that looked at individual site-specific BMD changes showed that more than 75% of the active group responded (versus 62% for both the sham and the control groups) by maintaining or increasing site-specific hip BMD over the 2-year trial. In fact, at the end of the study, 45% of the actives were gainers versus 12% and 22% in the sham and control groups, respectively. This study suggests that hip BMD may be maintained through a brief, safe, at-home, monitored impact loading program.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/683/CN-00409683/frame.html										
B. H. Hansen, Y. Ommundsen, I. Holme, E. Kolle and S. A. Anderssen	2014	Correlates of objectively measured physical activity in adults and older people: a cross-sectional study of population-based sample of adults and older people living in Norway		International Journal of Public Health			59		2	221-30					Apr			Correlates of objectively measured physical activity in adults and older people: a cross-sectional study of population-based sample of adults and older people living in Norway	Int J Public Health	1661-8564												23619723				OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were to identify correlates of objectively measured physical activity and to determine whether the explanatory power of the correlates differed with sex, weight status or level of education.
METHODS: Physical activity was assessed objectively in 3,867 participants, aged 20-85 years, for a consecutive 7 days using the ActiGraph GT1M activity monitor. Demographic and biological variables and levels of psychological, social environmental and physical environmental correlates were self-reported.
RESULTS: The complete set of correlates explained 18.6 % (p < 0.001) of the variance in overall physical activity. Age and physical activity identity were the most important factors, explaining 4.8 and 3.2 % of the variance, respectively, whereas social environmental and physical environmental correlates did not significantly increase the amount of explained variance. Small interaction effects between demographic and biological variables and the correlates were observed.
CONCLUSIONS: Self-efficacy, perceived behavioural control and physical activity identity might be important targets for intervention. Intervention efforts aimed at influencing psychological correlates of physical activity may prove equally effective regardless of sex, weight status and level of education.	Hansen, Bjorge Herman
Ommundsen, Yngvar
Holme, Ingar
Kolle, Elin
Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=23619723http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+In-Process+%26+Other+Non-Indexed+Citations+%3CJune+06%2C+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23619723&id=doi:10.1007%2Fs00038-013-0472-3&issn=1661-8556&volume=59&issue=2&spage=221&pages=221-30&date=2014&title=International+Journal+of+Public+Health&atitle=Correlates+of+objectively+measured+physical+activity+in+adults+and+older+people%3A+a+cross-sectional+study+of+population-based+sample+of+adults+and+older+people+living+in+Norway.&aulast=Hansen&pid=%3Cauthor%3EHansen+BH%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23619723%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Ullevaal Stadion, P.O. Box 4014, 0806, Oslo, Norway, bjorge.herman.hansen@nih.no.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

N. D. Harada, V. Chiu, A. C. King and A. L. Stewart	2001	An evaluation of three self-report physical activity instruments for older adults		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			33		6	962-70					Jun	Evaluation Studies
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		An evaluation of three self-report physical activity instruments for older adults	Med Sci Sports Exerc	0195-9131												11404662				PURPOSE: To assess the known-groups and construct validity of measures from the CHAMPS Physical Activity Questionnaire, Physical Activity Survey for the Elderly (PASE), and the Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS).
METHODS: The three questionnaires were administered to a convenience sample of older adults (N = 87) recruited from community centers and retirement homes. Validation measures included the SF-36 measures of physical functioning, general health, mental health, and pain; body mass index; performance-based tests of lower body functioning and endurance; and Mini-Logger activity monitor data from ankle and waist sensors. Validity was estimated by testing hypotheses about associations between physical activity and validation measures.
RESULTS: As hypothesized, differences in activity levels on all measures were found between older adults in retirement homes (less active) and community centers (more active) (P-values < 0.0001). Correlations of physical activity measures with performance-based measures ranged from 0.44 to 0.68, conforming to hypotheses; hypotheses regarding associations with the SF-36 measures were also confirmed. Body mass index was not correlated with any of the physical activity measures, contrary to hypotheses. Correlations of physical activity measures with Mini-Logger counts ranged from 0.36 to 0.59 (ankle) and 0.42 to 0.61 (waist) as hypothesized. Correlations among the measures from the three instruments ranged from 0.58 to 0.68.
CONCLUSIONS: The PASE, YPAS, and CHAMPS each demonstrated acceptable validity, as all measures met nearly all hypotheses. Higher validity coefficients were found for subgroups (men, 65-74 yr, retirement home), suggesting that these instruments may perform better for certain segments of the older adult population.	Harada, N D
Chiu, V
King, A C
Stewart, A L
AG09931 (United States NIA NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11404662http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:11404662&id=doi:&issn=0195-9131&volume=33&issue=6&spage=962&pages=962-70&date=2001&title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&atitle=An+evaluation+of+three+self-report+physical+activity+instruments+for+older+adults.&aulast=Harada&pid=%3Cauthor%3EHarada+ND%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E11404662%3C%2FAN%3E		Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA. nharada@ucla.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

D. Harari, S. Iliffe, K. Kharicha, M. Egger, G. Gillmann, W. Renteln-Kruse, J. Beck, C. Swift and A. Stuck	2008	Promotion of health in older people: a randomised controlled trial of health risk appraisal in British general practice		Age and ageing			37		5	565-71						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Promotion of health in older people: a randomised controlled trial of health risk appraisal in British general practice								Pubmed 18755784						CN-00650802				BACKGROUND: there is inadequate evidence to support currently formulated NHS strategies to achieve health promotion and preventative care in older people through broad-based screening and assessment in primary care. The most extensively evaluated delivery instrument for this purpose is Health Risk Appraisal (HRA). This article describes a trial using HRA to evaluate the effect on health behaviour and preventative-care uptake in older people in NHS primary care. METHODS: a randomised controlled trial was undertaken in three London primary care group practices. Functionally independent community-dwelling patients older than 65 years (n = 2,503) received a self-administered Health Risk Appraisal for Older Persons (HRA-O) questionnaire leading to computer-generated individualised written feedback to participants and general practitioners (GPs), integrated into practice information-technology (IT) systems. All primary care staff received training in preventative health in older people. The main outcome measures were self-reported health behaviour and preventative care uptake at 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: of 2,503 individuals randomised, 2,006 respondents (80.1%) (intervention, n = 940, control n = 1,066) were available for analysis. Intervention group respondents reported slightly higher pneumococcal vaccination uptake and equivocal improvement in physical activity levels compared with controls. No significant differences were observed for any other categories of health behaviour or preventative care measures at 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: HRA-O implemented in this way resulted in minimal improvement of health behaviour or uptake of preventative care measures in older people. Supplementary reinforcement involving contact by health professionals with patients over and above routine clinical encounters may be a prerequisite to the effectiveness of IT-based delivery systems for health promotion in older people.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/802/CN-00650802/frame.html										
W. Hardeman, A. Kinmonth, S. Michie and S. Sutton	2009	Impact of a physical activity intervention program on cognitive predictors of behaviour among adults at risk of Type 2 diabetes (ProActive randomised controlled trial)		International journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity			6		1	16tn: isrctn61323766/isrctn						Journal: Article		Impact of a physical activity intervention program on cognitive predictors of behaviour among adults at risk of Type 2 diabetes (ProActive randomised controlled trial)														CN-00754788				Background: In the ProActive Trial an intensive theory-based intervention program was no more effective than theory-based brief advice in increasing objectively measured physical activity among adults at risk of Type 2 diabetes. We aimed to illuminate these findings by assessing whether the intervention program changed cognitions about increasing activity, defined by the Theory of Planned Behaviour, in ways consistent with the theory. Methods: N = 365 sedentary participants aged 30-50 years with a parental history of Type 2 diabetes were randomised to brief advice alone or to brief advice plus the intervention program delivered face-to-face or by telephone. Questionnaires at baseline, 6 and 12 months assessed cognitions about becoming more physically active. Analysis of covariance was used to test intervention impact. Bootstrapping was used to test multiple mediation of intervention impact. Results: At 6 months, combined intervention groups (face-to-face and telephone) reported that they found increasing activity more enjoyable (affective attitude, d = .25), and they perceived more instrumental benefits (e.g., improving health) (d = .23) and more control (d = .32) over increasing activity than participants receiving brief advice alone. Stronger intentions (d = .50) in the intervention groups than the brief advice group at 6 months were partially explained by affective attitude and perceived control. At 12 months, intervention groups perceived more positive instrumental (d = .21) and affective benefits (d = .29) than brief advice participants. The intervention did not change perceived social pressure to increase activity. Conclusion: Lack of effect of the intervention program on physical activity over and above brief advice was consistent with limited and mostly small short-term effects on cognitions. Targeting affective benefits (e.g., enjoyment, social interaction) and addressing barriers to physical activity may strengthen intentions, but stronger intentions did not result in more behaviour change. More powerful interventions which induce large changes in TPB cognitions may be needed. Other interventions deserving further evaluation include theory-based brief advice, intensive measurement of physical and psychological factors, and monitoring of physical activity. Future research should consider a wider range of mediators of physical activity change, assess participants' use of self-regulatory strategies taught in the intervention, and conduct experimental studies or statistical modelling prior to trial evaluation. 2009 Hardeman et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/788/CN-00754788/frame.html										
W. Hardeman, S. Michie, A. Kinmonth and S. Sutton	2011	Do increases in physical activity encourage positive beliefs about further change in the ProActive cohort?		Psychology & health			26		7	899-914						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Do increases in physical activity encourage positive beliefs about further change in the ProActive cohort?								Pubmed 21500102						CN-00812027				Effects of behaviour change on cognitions are rarely examined within the Theory of Planned Behaviour. We tested whether increases in physical activity resulted in more positive beliefs about further change among a cohort of sedentary adults participating in a behavioural intervention trial (ProActive). At baseline, 6 and 12 months, 365 adults completed questionnaires assessing physical activity and cognitions about becoming more active over the coming year. Objective activity was assessed at baseline and 12 months. Participants reporting larger increases in activity were no more positive about making further increases than those reporting less behaviour change (p-values>0.05). Participants with larger increases in objective activity reported weaker perceived control (?=-0.342; p=0.001) and more negative instrumental attitudes (?=-0.230; p=0.017) at 12 months. Participants may have felt that they had changed enough or measures of perceived success may be more sensitive to behaviour change. Alternatively, long measurement intervals may have missed immediate cognitive and affective consequences of behaviour change, or such effects may require participants to consistently self-monitor or receive feedback on performance. Future studies could test the effect of such techniques on physical activity and a wider range of cognitive, affective and physiological consequences, using more frequent measurement intervals.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/027/CN-00812027/frame.html										
P. Harding, A. E. Holland, C. Delany and R. S. Hinman	2014	Do activity levels increase after total hip and knee arthroplasty?		Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research			472		5	1502-11					May			Do activity levels increase after total hip and knee arthroplasty?	Clin Orthop	1528-1132					PMC3971219 [Available on 05/01/15]							24353051				BACKGROUND: People with osteoarthritis (OA) often are physically inactive. Surgical treatment including total hip arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty can substantially improve pain, physical function, and quality of life. However, their impact on physical activity levels is less clear.
QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We used accelerometers to measure levels of physical activity pre- and (6 months) postarthroplasty and to examine the proportion of people meeting the American Physical Activity Guidelines.
METHODS: Sixty-three people with hip or knee OA awaiting arthroplasty were recruited from a major metropolitan hospital. Physical activity was measured using accelerometry before, and 6 months after, surgery. The ActiGraph GT1M (ActiGraph LLC, Fort Walton Beach, FL, USA) was used in this study and is a uniaxial accelerometer contained within a small activity monitor designed to measure human movement through changes in acceleration, which can then be used to estimate physical activity over time. Questionnaires were used to assess patient-reported changes in pain, function, quality of life, and physical activity. Complete data sets (including valid physical activity data) for both time points were obtained for 44 participants (70%). At baseline before arthroplasty, the activity level of patients was, on average, sedentary for 82% of the time over a 24-hour period (based on accelerometry) and self-rated as "sometimes participates in mild activities such as walking, limited shopping, and housework" according to the UCLA activity scale.
RESULTS: There was no change in objectively measured physical activity after arthroplasty. The majority of participants were sedentary, both before and after arthroplasty, and did not meet the American Physical Activity Guidelines recommended to promote health. This was despite significant improvements in self-reported measures of pain, function, quality of life, and physical activity after arthroplasty.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite patient-reported improvements in pain, function, and physical activity after arthroplasty, objectively measured improvements in physical activity may not occur. Clinicians should incorporate strategies for improving physical activity into their management of patients after hip and knee arthroplasty to maximize health status. Future research is needed to explore the factors that impact physical activity levels in people after arthroplasty.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.	Harding, Paula
Holland, Anne E
Delany, Clare
Hinman, Rana S		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=mesx&AN=24353051http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+Daily+Update+%3CJune+06%2C+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:24353051&id=doi:10.1007%2Fs11999-013-3427-3&issn=0009-921X&volume=472&issue=5&spage=1502&pages=1502-11&date=2014&title=Clinical+Orthopaedics+%26+Related+Research&atitle=Do+activity+levels+increase+after+total+hip+and+knee+arthroplasty%3F.&aulast=Harding&pid=%3Cauthor%3EHarding+P%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E24353051%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Physiotherapy, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

T. Harmon, R. Nelson and S. Hayes	1980	Self-monitoring of mood versus activity by depressed clients		Journal of consulting and clinical psychology			48		1	30-8						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Self-monitoring of mood versus activity by depressed clients								Pubmed 7365040						CN-00022459							http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/459/CN-00022459/frame.html										
M. Harms-Ringdahl, D. Jenssen and S. Haghdoost	2012	Tomato juice intake suppressed serum concentration of 8-oxodG after extensive physical activity		Nutrition journal			11			29						Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Tomato juice intake suppressed serum concentration of 8-oxodG after extensive physical activity								Pubmed 22551119						CN-00864928				BACKGROUND: DNA is constantly exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS), spontaneously arising during the normal oxygen metabolism. ROS may result in temporary as well as permanent modifications in various cellular components such as lipids, proteins and DNA, which may have deleterious consequences. Demonstrating that a dietary supplementation of antioxidants can reduce oxidative DNA damage may provide evidence for the value of such supplementation in prevention of cancer and age related diseases. FINDINGS: The present study was conducted to address whether tomato juice protects against ROS induced by extensive physical exercise in untrained individuals. As a marker of oxidative stress, serum levels of 8-oxodG were monitored using a modified ELISA. An intervention was performed involving 15 untrained healthy subjects who performed a 20 min physical exercise at 80% of maximum pulse using an ergometer bicycle. Blood samples were taken before and one hour after the exercise. The procedure was repeated after 5 weeks with a daily intake of 150 ml tomato juice and followed by a 5 weeks wash-out period and another 5 weeks with a daily intake of tomato juice. The results indicated that a daily intake of tomato juice, equal to 15 mg lycopene per day, for 5 weeks significantly reduced the serum levels of 8-oxodG after an extensive physical exercise. CONCLUSION: These data strongly suggest that tomato juice has a potential antioxidant effect and may reduce the elevated level of ROS induced by oxidative stress.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/928/CN-00864928/frame.html										
C. Harpey, S. Coker, P. Sellier, J. Maccario and J. Détry	1996	Permutation distribution estimation applied to the comparison of the profile of the activity of two antianginal drugs		Fundamental & clinical pharmacology			10		2	151-5						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Permutation distribution estimation applied to the comparison of the profile of the activity of two antianginal drugs								Pubmed 8737958						CN-00128689				The comparison of the anti-ischemic activity of trimetazidine and propranolol was evaluated by multiple end points (clinical, exercise test, and ambulatory electrocardiogram [ECG] monitoring criteria) in 149 male patients with effort angina who received either trimetazidine 20 mg tid or propranolol 40 mg tid during a period of 3 months. The distribution of the standardized differences between the two treatments for each variable was obtained by a permutation method. The medians (estimation of the actual difference between the two treatments) and the 5, 25, 75 and 95% quantiles were represented on the same diagram for all end points. The pattern of the standardized distribution of the differences showed a similar activity of both drugs on symptoms and nitrates consumption, on exercise tolerance and increase in ischemic threshold at exercise, and on ischemia recorded at ambulatory ECG monitoring. Conversely, only propranolol decreased heart rate and rate pressure product at rest as well as at exercise, underlining the difference in the mode of action of the two drugs. This descriptive technique is an attractive method to evaluate the differences between drugs considering multiple criteria favouring the estimation of these differences together with their variability.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/689/CN-00128689/frame.html										
T. Harris, S. Kerry, C. Victor, U. Ekelund, A. Woodcock, S. Iliffe, P. Whincup, C. Beighton, M. Ussher, L. David, D. Brewin, F. Adams, A. Rogers and D. Cook	2013	Randomised controlled trial of a complex intervention by primary care nurses to increase walking in patients aged 60-74 years: protocol of the PACE-Lift (Pedometer Accelerometer Consultation Evaluation - Lift) trial		BMC public health			13			5						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Randomised controlled trial of a complex intervention by primary care nurses to increase walking in patients aged 60-74 years: protocol of the PACE-Lift (Pedometer Accelerometer Consultation Evaluation - Lift) trial								Pubmed 23289648						CN-00848275				BACKGROUND: Physical activity is essential for older peoples' physical and mental health and for maintaining independence. Guidelines recommend at least 150 minutes weekly, of at least moderate intensity physical activity, with activity on most days. Older people's most common physical activity is walking, light intensity if strolling, moderate if brisker. Less than 20% of United Kingdom 65-74 year olds report achieving the guidelines, despite most being able to. Effective behaviour change techniques include strategies such as goal setting, self-monitoring, building self-efficacy and relapse prevention. Primary care physical activity consultations allow individual tailoring of advice. Pedometers measure step-counts and accelerometers measure physical activity intensity. This protocol describes an innovative intervention to increase walking in older people, incorporating pedometer and accelerometer feedback within a primary care nurse physical activity consultation, using behaviour change techniques. METHODS/DESIGN: Design: Randomised controlled trial with intervention and control (usual care) arms plus process and qualitative evaluations.Participants: 300 people aged 60-74 years registered with 3 general practices within Oxfordshire and Berkshire West primary care trusts, able to walk outside and with no restrictions to increasing their physical activity.Intervention: 3 month pedometer and accelerometer based intervention supported by practice nurse physical activity consultations. Four consultations based on behaviour change techniques, physical activity diary, pedometer average daily steps and accelerometer feedback on physical activity intensity. Individual physical activity plans based on increasing walking and other existing physical activity will be produced.Outcomes: Change in average daily steps (primary outcome) and average time spent in at least moderate intensity physical activity weekly (secondary outcome) at 3 months and 12 months, assessed by accelerometry. Other outcomes include quality of life, mood, exercise self-efficacy, injuries. Qualitative evaluations will explore reasons for trial non-participation, the intervention's acceptability to patients and nurses and factors enhancing or acting as barriers for older people in increasing their physical activity levels. DISCUSSION: The PACE-Lift trial will determine the feasibility and efficacy of an intervention for increasing physical activity among older primary care patients. Steps taken to minimise bias and the challenges anticipated will be discussed. Word count 341. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN42122561.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/275/CN-00848275/frame.html										
C. Harrison, R. Thompson, H. Teede and C. Lombard	2011	Measuring physical activity during pregnancy		International journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity			8			19						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Measuring physical activity during pregnancy								Pubmed 21418609						CN-00801180				BACKGROUND: Currently, little is known about physical activity patterns in pregnancy with prior estimates predominantly based on subjective assessment measures that are prone to error. Given the increasing obesity rates and the importance of physical activity in pregnancy, we evaluated the relationship and agreement between subjective and objective physical activity assessment tools to inform researchers and clinicians on optimal assessment of physical activity in pregnancy. METHODS: 48 pregnant women between 26-28 weeks gestation were recruited. The Yamax pedometer and Actigraph accelerometer were worn for 5-7 days under free living conditions and thereafter the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was completed. IPAQ and pedometer estimates of activity were compared to the more robust and accurate accelerometer data. RESULTS: Of 48 women recruited, 30 women completed the study (mean age: 33.6 ± 4.7 years; mean BMI: 31.2 ± 5.1 kg/m(2)) and 18 were excluded (failure to wear [n = 8] and incomplete data [n = 10]). The accelerometer and pedometer correlated significantly on estimation of daily steps (? = 0.69, p < 0.01) and had good absolute agreement with low systematic error (mean difference: 505 ± 1498 steps/day). Accelerometer and IPAQ estimates of total, light and moderate Metabolic Equivalent minutes/day (MET min(-1) day(-1)) were not significantly correlated and there was poor absolute agreement. Relative to the accelerometer, the IPAQ under predicted daily total METs (105.76 ± 259.13 min(-1) day(-1)) and light METs (255.55 ± 128.41 min(-1) day(-1)) and over predicted moderate METs (-112.25 ± 166.41 min(-1) day(-1)). CONCLUSION: Compared with the accelerometer, the pedometer appears to provide a reliable estimate of physical activity in pregnancy, whereas the subjective IPAQ measure performed less accurately in this setting. Future research measuring activity in pregnancy should optimally encompass objective measures of physical activity. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry Number: ACTRN12608000233325. Registered 7/5/2008.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/180/CN-00801180/frame.html										
M. Harrison, C. Burns, M. McGuinness, J. Heslin and N. Murphy	2006	Influence of a health education intervention on physical activity and screen time in primary school children: 'Switch Off--Get Active'		Journal of science and medicine in sport			9		5	388-94						Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Influence of a health education intervention on physical activity and screen time in primary school children: 'Switch Off--Get Active'								Pubmed 16872900						CN-00571331				Low levels of physical activity coupled with high levels of television viewing have been linked with obesity in children. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of 'Switch Off-Get Active', a 16-week controlled health education intervention, in increasing physical activity and reducing screen time and BMI in primary school children. A secondary objective was to compare children with high and low screen time. Participants were 312 children aged 10.2+/-0.7 years, attending nine schools in areas of social disadvantage. The 10-lesson, teacher-led intervention, conducted in spring 2003, emphasised self-monitoring, budgeting of time and selective viewing. Differences, adjusted for baseline values by ANCOVA, existed between intervention and control children at follow-up for self-reported physical activity (intervention +0.84 30 min blocks/day, 95%CI 0.11-1.57, p<0.05) and self-efficacy for physical activity (p<0.05) but not self-reported screen time (intervention--0.41 blocks/day, 95%CI--0.93-0.12, p=0.13) or BMI (p=0.63). Cross-sectional comparisons at baseline indicated lower physical activity, self-efficacy for physical activity and aerobic fitness and a higher BMI in children with high screen time. In conclusion, health education interventions can increase physical activity in primary school children but follow-ups of longer duration may be needed to demonstrate intervention effects on BMI.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/331/CN-00571331/frame.html										
S. L. Harrison, E. J. Horton, R. Smith, C. J. Sandland, M. C. Steiner, M. D. Morgan and S. J. Singh	2013	Physical activity monitoring: addressing the difficulties of accurately detecting slow walking speeds		Heart & Lung			42		5	361-4.e1					Sep-Oct	Observational Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Physical activity monitoring: addressing the difficulties of accurately detecting slow walking speeds	Heart Lung	1527-3288												23998384				OBJECTIVE: To test the accuracy of a multi-sensor activity monitor (SWM) in detecting slow walking speeds in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
BACKGROUND: Concerns have been expressed regarding the use of pedometers in patient populations. Although activity monitors are more sophisticated devices, their accuracy at detecting slow walking speeds common in patients with COPD has yet to be proven.
METHODS: A prospective observational study design was employed. An incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) was completed by 57 patients with COPD wearing an SWM. The ISWT was repeated by 20 patients wearing the same SWM.
RESULTS: Differences were identified between metabolic equivalents (METS) and between step-count across five levels of the ISWT (p < 0.001). Good within monitor reproducibility between two ISWT was identified for total energy expenditure and step-count (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The SWM is able to detect slow (standardized) speeds of walking and is an acceptable method for measuring physical activity in individuals disabled by COPD. Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Harrison, Samantha L
Horton, Elizabeth J
Smith, Robert
Sandland, Carolyn J
Steiner, Michael C
Morgan, Mike D L
Singh, Sally J
S0147-9563(13)00176-3		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23998384http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23998384&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.hrtlng.2013.06.004&issn=0147-9563&volume=42&issue=5&spage=361&pages=361-4.e1&date=2013&title=Heart+%26+Lung&atitle=Physical+activity+monitoring%3A+addressing+the+difficulties+of+accurately+detecting+slow+walking+speeds.&aulast=Harrison&pid=%3Cauthor%3EHarrison+SL%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23998384%3C%2FAN%3E		Institute for Lung Health, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK. samantha.harrison@uhl-tr.nhs.uk						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. Hartard, V. Bauerle, D. Jeschke and D. Nowak	2001	Health training as a form of primordial disease prevention in a future working environment. [German]		Arbeitsmedizin Sozialmedizin Umweltmedizin			36		11	521-31						Journal: Article		Health training as a form of primordial disease prevention in a future working environment. [German]														CN-00425209				During physical activity the sympathoadrenergic system plays a critical role in the regulation of muscular metabolism and haemodynamics. The heart rate, blood pressure, lactate levels and levels of free catecholamines in plasma are indicators of autonomic dysregulation resulting from inappropriate work loads in training. We investigated the effects of endurance training on these parameters with the same oxygen uptake, but at different intensities, in a group of untrained, middle-aged employees. The investigation included 31 physically healthy, untrained males in the age range from 39 to 55 years (Table I). Before and at the end of the observation period the subjects exercised on a bicycle ergometer to the limit of their individual work capacity, starting at 25 watts. The work load was increased in 25-watt steps, with each step lasting 3 minutes. The basic haemodynamic parameters and levels of blood lactate and of adrenalin and noradrenalin in plasma were assessed at rest and at work loads of 50, 100 and 150 watts. The subjects were assigned at random to 2 exercise groups. Fifteen of the men exercised at heart rates in the range of their individually determined aerobic thresholds (IAT group), and 16 subjects at their individually determined anaerobic thresholds (IANT group). All subjects performed controlled exercise on a bicycle ergometer over a period of 8 weeks, with 3 exercise units per week and an individually adjusted increment of 50 litres oxygen per exercise unit. During each exercise unit, the heart rate was monitored continuously, and in every third unit, lactate levels were assessed after 10 and 20 minutes and at the end of the session. The subject were not aware of the groups to which they were assigned (simple blind design). Statistical analysis of changes was carried out using the Wilcoxon test for dependent variables. At the end of the training period, the maximum ergometric work capacity had increased significantly in both groups and the mean heart rate and lactate levels had decreased to those seen at submaximal workloads. Interestingly, the blood pressure levels had risen to the submaximal range by the end of training in 7 subjects, all of whom were in the IANT group. All of the subjects in the IAT group experienced a distinct drop in blood pressure. These results show that in middle-aged, untrained men low-level endurance training is capable of decreasing cardiovascular risk factors. However, exercise work loads that overburden the individual's work capacity may lead to undesired adaptive responses.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/209/CN-00425209/frame.html										
C. Hartrick, G. Martin, G. Kantor, J. Koncelik and G. Manvelian	2006	Evaluation of a single-dose, extended-release epidural morphine formulation for pain after knee arthroplasty		Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume			88		2	273-81						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Evaluation of a single-dose, extended-release epidural morphine formulation for pain after knee arthroplasty								Pubmed 16452737						CN-00554880				BACKGROUND: DepoDur is a single-dose, extended-release epidural morphine formulation designed to provide forty-eight hours of pain relief. The drug offers potential advantages over continuous epidural infusions, particularly in patients being treated with anticoagulation therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of single-dose epidural DepoDur for pain control following knee arthroplasty. METHODS: In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study, patients were randomized to receive a single-dose of DepoDur (20 or 30 mg) or a sham epidural injection thirty minutes before administration of general or regional anesthesia for knee arthroplasty. At their first request for postoperative analgesia, patients who had received DepoDur were given an intravenous bolus of hydromorphone followed by placebo patient-controlled analgesia. Patients who had received the sham epidural were given an intravenous bolus of morphine followed by patient-controlled analgesia with morphine. Patient ratings of pain intensity at rest and with activity, their rating of overall pain control, and postoperative opioid use were recorded. The ability to tolerate physical therapy, the range of motion of the knee, and the need for physical support were assessed as well. Adverse events and vital signs were recorded. RESULTS: Of 168 patients randomized to receive the 20-mg injection of DepoDur, the 30-mg injection of DepoDur, or the sham epidural injection, fifty-one, fifty-eight, and fifty-five patients, respectively, were included in the efficacy analysis. Compared with the patients treated with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with morphine, the patients treated with DepoDur had significantly reduced mean pain-intensity-recall scores during the four to eight, four to twelve, four to twenty-four, and four to thirty-hour postdose intervals (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). The patients treated with DepoDur used approximately a threefold lower amount of postoperative opioids in total, with a significant percentage requiring no supplemental opioids. Adverse events common to all groups were nausea (78%), pyrexia (46%), vomiting (43%), pruritus (43%), and hypotension (36%). Respiratory depression was the most common serious adverse event, with serious respiratory depression observed in four DepoDur-treated patients, who were more than sixty-five years of age. CONCLUSIONS: With appropriate patient selection and monitoring, perioperative single-dose epidural DepoDur was a safe and effective analgesic alternative to postoperative intravenous patient-controlled analgesia following knee arthroplasty, with younger patients benefiting from the 20-mg dose. Additional studies of 10 to 15-mg doses for older patients are warranted.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/880/CN-00554880/frame.html										
H. Hartsell, D. Fitzpatrick, R. Brand, R. Frantz and C. Saltzman	2002	Accuracy of a custom-designed activity monitor: implications for diabetic foot ulcer healing		Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development			39		3	395-400					May-Jun	Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
Validation Studies		Accuracy of a custom-designed activity monitor: implications for diabetic foot ulcer healing	J Rehabil Res Dev	0748-7711												12173759				The relationship between repetitive trauma and propensity for ulceration and ulcer healing is unknown in part because of the lack of accurate information on activity level. The Step Activity Monitor (SAM) is a newly designed accelerometer to record activity level, but its accuracy is questionable. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of the SAM under varying footwear and walking surface conditions. Ten healthy subjects consented to walk over 530 m of flat ground and up and down two flights of stairs, while wearing an athletic shoe or a fiberglass total contact cast (TCC). The accelerometer, programmed for a subject's cadence and leg motion, was secured to the distal, lateral aspect of the right lower leg. Two observers using hand-held digital counters followed the subject and recorded steps taken with the right leg on all walking surfaces. With the use of a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), the SAM and hand-held digital counters similarly recorded steps taken, regardless of walking surface condition. While the SAM was highly accurate (94 to 96 percent), the percent error was greater (p = 0.007) for the stair-climbing condition with the use of the TCC because of two subjects using a step-to-gait pattern. Overall, the SAM is an accurate accelerometer that will accurately record activity level, even with the application of a TCC. However, its accuracy may vary with deviations from a normal gait pattern.	Hartsell, Heather
Fitzpatrick, Denise
Brand, Richard
Frantz, Rita
Saltzman, Charles		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12173759http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:12173759&id=doi:&issn=0748-7711&volume=39&issue=3&spage=395&pages=395-400&date=2002&title=Journal+of+Rehabilitation+Research+%26+Development&atitle=Accuracy+of+a+custom-designed+activity+monitor%3A+implications+for+diabetic+foot+ulcer+healing.&aulast=Hartsell&pid=%3Cauthor%3EHartsell+H%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E12173759%3C%2FAN%3E		Physical Therapy Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242-2008, USA. heather-hartsell@uiowa.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. Harvey-Berino, S. Pintauro, P. Buzzell, M. DiGiulio, B. Gold, C. Moldovan and E. Ramirez	2002	Does using the Internet facilitate the maintenance of weight loss?		International journal of obesity			26		9	1254-60						Journal: Article		Does using the Internet facilitate the maintenance of weight loss?														CN-00443725				OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a weight maintenance program conducted over the Internet. DESIGN: Longitudinal, clinical behavioral weight loss trial with 6-month in-person behavioral obesity treatment followed by a 12-month maintenance program conducted both in-person (frequent in-person support; F-IPS, minimal in-person support; M-IPS) and over the Internet (Internet support; IS). SUBJECTS: A total of 122 healthy, overweight adults (age = 48.4 + 9.6, BMI = 32.2 + 4.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, 18 male) MEASUREMENTS: Body weight, dietary intake, energy expended in physical activity, attendance, self-monitoring, comfort with technology. RESULTS: Results (n = 101) showed that weight loss did not differ by condition during treatment (8.0 + 5 vs 11 + 6.5 vs 9.8 + 5.9 kg, P = 0.27 for IS, M-IPS and F-IPS, respectively). The IS condition gained significantly more weight than the F-IPS group during the first 6 months of weight maintenance (+ 2.2 + 3.8 vs 0 + 4 kg, P < 0.05) and sustained a significantly smaller weight loss than both in-person support groups at the 1 y follow-up (- 5.7 + 5.9 vs - 10.4 + 9.3 vs - 10.4 + 6.3 kg, P < 0.05 for IS, M-IPS and F-IPS, respectively). Attendance at maintenance meetings was greater for the F-IPS than the IS condition over the 1 y maintenance program (54 vs 39%, P = 0.04). Acceptability of assigned condition was higher for subjects in the F-IPS than IS condition. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that Internet support does not appear to be as effective as minimal or frequent intensive in-person therapist support for facilitating the long-term maintenance of weight loss.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/725/CN-00443725/frame.html										
N. Hatoum, J. Clapp, M. Newman, N. Dajani and S. Amini	1997	Effects of maternal exercise on fetal activity in late gestation		Journal of maternal-fetal medicine			6		3	134-9						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Effects of maternal exercise on fetal activity in late gestation								Pubmed 9172053						CN-00140204				In order to test the effects of maternal exercise in late gestation on fetal biophysical activities as measured by fetal breathing, shoulder movement, and kick response, these parameters were monitored by ultrasound in ten healthy pregnant women at 35 weeks of gestation before and after 20 minutes of aerobic dance and before and after 20 minutes of rest. A randomized crossover design between exercise (sequence A) and rest (sequence B) that used each pregnant woman as her own control was used in this study. Cumulative means for each fetal activity were compared. Results indicated a significant decrease in fetal breathing after maternal exercise and no significant change in shoulder movements or kick response.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/204/CN-00140204/frame.html										
M. Hayter, M. Bould, M. Afsari, N. Riem, M. Chiu and S. Boet	2013	Does warm-up using mental practice improve crisis resource management performance? A simulation study		British journal of anaesthesia			110		2	299-304						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Does warm-up using mental practice improve crisis resource management performance? A simulation study								Pubmed 23035053						CN-00878694				BACKGROUND: Mental practice (MP) is defined as the 'symbolic rehearsal of a physical activity in the absence of any gross-muscular movements' and has been used in sport and music to enhance performance. In healthcare, MP has been demonstrated to improve technical skill performance of surgical residents. However, its effect on crisis resource management (CRM) skills has yet to be determined. We aimed to investigate the effect of warm-up with MP on CRM skill performance during a simulated crisis scenario. METHODS: Following ethics board approval, 40 anaesthesia residents were randomized. The intervention group performed 20 min of MP of a script based on CRM principles. The control group received a 20 min didactic teaching session on an unrelated topic. Each subject then managed a simulated cardiac arrest. Two CRM experts rated the video recordings of each performance using the previously validated Ottawa GRS. The time to start chest compressions, administer epinephrine, and give blood was recorded. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups: total Ottawa GRS score was 24.50 (18.63-28.88 [6.50-34.50]) (median (inter-quartile range [range]) vs 20.50 (13.00-29.13 [6.50-34.50]) (P=0.53); the time to start chest compressions 146.0 s (138.0-231.0 [115.0-323.0]) vs 162.5 s (138.0-231.0 [100.0-460.0]) (P=0.27), the time to epinephrine administration 163.0 s (151.0-187.0 [111.0-337.0]) vs 187.0 s (164.0-244.0 [115.0-310.0]) (P=0.09), and the time to blood administration 220.5 s (130.8-309.0 [92.0-485.0]) vs 252.5 (174.5-398.8 [65.0-527.0]) (P=0.48). CONCLUSION: Unlike technical skills, warm-up with MP does not seem to improve CRM skills in simulated crisis scenarios.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/694/CN-00878694/frame.html										
G. Haywood, D. Katritsis, J. Ward, M. Leigh-Jones, D. Ward and A. Camm	1993	Atrial adaptive rate pacing in sick sinus syndrome: effects on exercise capacity and arrhythmias		British heart journal			69		2	174-8						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Atrial adaptive rate pacing in sick sinus syndrome: effects on exercise capacity and arrhythmias								Pubmed 8435244						CN-00090964				OBJECTIVE: To test the hypotheses that adaptive rate atrial (AAIR) pacing: significantly increases maximal exercise capacity, and results in significant suppression of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmia compared with fixed rate atrial (AAI) pacing. DESIGN: Prospective, randomised, single blind, crossover study with maximal treadmill exercise testing and 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in AAIR and AAI modes. SETTING: Regional pacing centre. PATIENTS: 30 consecutive patients (mean SD age 65 (12) years) with sick sinus syndrome who required permanent pacing, without evidence of conduction disturbance on 12 lead electrocardiograms or 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring and without other cardiovascular or systemic disease. INTERVENTIONS: Activity sensing or minute ventilation driven systems (AAI/AAIR) were implanted alternately. RESULTS: The mean (SD) peak heart rate in AAI mode was 122(28)v 130(22) in AAIR mode (p < 0.02) for the whole group and 104(17) v 120(5) (p < 0.003) for the patients with chronotropic incompetence. Exercise time was 12.3 (4.1) minutes in AAI and 12.3 (3.8) minutes in AAIR mode (NS) in the chronotropically incompetent patients. There were no significant differences in the Borg scores at peak exercise in AAI v AAIR mode in either group. The frequency per hour of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias showed no significant differences between the two modes in either the group as a whole or in the subgroups with chronotropic incompetence. CONCLUSION: AAIR pacing confers little benefit in sick sinus syndrome compared with AAI pacing.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/964/CN-00090964/frame.html										
J. He, S. Votruba, J. Pomeroy, S. Bonfiglio and J. Krakoff	2012	Measurement of ad libitum food intake, physical activity, and sedentary time in response to overfeeding		PloS one			7		5	e36225						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural		Measurement of ad libitum food intake, physical activity, and sedentary time in response to overfeeding								Pubmed 22629311						CN-00859800				Given the wide availability of highly palatable foods, overeating is common. Energy intake and metabolic responses to overfeeding may provide insights into weight gain prevention. We hypothesized a down-regulation in subsequent food intake and sedentary time, and up-regulation in non-exercise activity and core temperature in response to overfeeding in order to maintain body weight constant. In a monitored inpatient clinical research unit using a cross over study design, we investigated ad libitum energy intake (EI, using automated vending machines), core body temperature, and physical activity (using accelerometry) following a short term (3-day) weight maintaining (WM) vs overfeeding (OF) diet in healthy volunteers (n?=?21, BMI, mean ± SD, 33.2±8.6 kg/m(2), 73.6% male). During the ad libitum periods following the WM vs. OF diets, there was no significant difference in mean 3-d EI (4061±1084 vs. 3926±1284 kcal/day, p?=?0.41), and there were also no differences either in core body temperature (37.0±0.2°C vs. 37.1±0.2°C, p?=?0.75) or sedentary time (70.9±12.9 vs. 72.0±7.4%, p?=?0.88). However, during OF (but not WM), sedentary time was positively associated with weight gain (r?=?0.49, p?=?0.05, adjusted for age, sex, and initial weight). In conclusion, short term overfeeding did not result in a decrease in subsequent ad libitum food intake or overall change in sedentary time although in secondary analysis sedentary time was associated with weight gain during OF. Beyond possible changes in sedentary time, there is minimal attempt to restore energy balance during or following short term overfeeding. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00342732.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/800/CN-00859800/frame.html										
O. Health Quality	2005	Biventricular pacing (cardiac resynchronization therapy): an evidence-based analysis		Ontario Health Technology Assessment Series			5		13	1-60								Biventricular pacing (cardiac resynchronization therapy): an evidence-based analysis	Ont Health Technol Assess Ser	1915-7398					PMC3382419							23074464				ISSUE: In 2002, (before the establishment of the Ontario Health Technology Advisory Committee), the Medical Advisory Secretariat conducted a health technology policy assessment on biventricular (BiV) pacing, also called cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). The goal of treatment with BiV pacing is to improve cardiac output for people in heart failure (HF) with conduction defect on ECG (wide QRS interval) by synchronizing ventricular contraction. The Medical Advisory Secretariat concluded that there was evidence of short (6 months) and longer-term (12 months) effectiveness in terms of cardiac function and quality of life (QoL). More recently, a hospital submitted an application to the Ontario Health Technology Advisory Committee to review CRT, and the Medical Advisory Secretariat subsequently updated its health technology assessment.
BACKGROUND: Chronic HF results from any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the heart to act as a pump. It is estimated that 1% to 5% of the general population (all ages) in Europe have chronic HF. (1;2) About one-half of the patients with HF are women, and about 40% of men and 60% of women with this condition are aged older than 75 years. The incidence (i.e., the number of new cases in a specified period) of chronic HF is age dependent: from 1 to 5 per 1,000 people each year in the total population, to as high as 30 to 40 per 1,000 people each year in those aged 75 years and older. Hence, in an aging society, the prevalence (i.e., the number of people with a given disease or condition at any time) of HF is increasing, despite a reduction in cardiovascular mortality. A recent study revealed 28,702 patients were hospitalized for first-time HF in Ontario between April 1994 and March 1997. (3) Women comprised 51% of the cohort. Eighty-five percent were aged 65 years or older, and 58% were aged 75 years or older. Patients with chronic HF experience shortness of breath, a limited capacity for exercise, high rates of hospitalization and rehospitalization, and die prematurely. (2;4) The New York Heart Association (NYHA) has provided a commonly used functional classification for the severity of HF (2;5): CLASS I: No limitation of physical activity. No symptoms with ordinary exertion.CLASS II: Slight limitations of physical activity. Ordinary activity causes symptoms.CLASS III: Marked limitation of physical activity. Less than ordinary activity causes symptoms. Asymptomatic at rest.CLASS IV: Inability to carry out any physical activity without discomfort. Symptoms at rest.The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute estimates that 35% of patients with HF are in functional NYHA class I; 35% are in class II; 25%, class III; and 5%, class IV. (5) Surveys (2) suggest that from 5% to 15% of patients with HF have persistent severe symptoms, and that the remainder of patients with HF is evenly divided between those with mild and moderately severe symptoms. Overall, patients with chronic, stable HF have an annual mortality rate of about 10%. (2) One-third of patients with new-onset HF will die within 6 months of diagnosis. These patients do not survive to enter the pool of those with "chronic" HF. About 60% of patients with incident HF will die within 3 years, and there is limited evidence that the overall prognosis has improved in the last 15 years. To date, the diagnosis and management of chronic HF has concentrated on patients with the clinical syndrome of HF accompanied by severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Major changes in treatment have resulted from a better understanding of the pathophysiology of HF and the results of large clinical trials. Treatment for chronic HF includes lifestyle management, drugs, cardiac surgery, or implantable pacemakers and defibrillators. Despite pharmacologic advances, which include diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers, spironolactone, and digoxin, many patients remain symptomatic on maximally tolerated doses.
THE TECHNOLOGY: Owing to the limitations of drug therapy, cardiac transplantation and device therapies have been used to try to improve QoL and survival of patients with chronic HF. Ventricular pacing is an emerging treatment option for patients with severe HF that does not respond well to medical therapy. Traditionally, indications for pacing include bradyarrhythmia, sick sinus syndrome, atrioventricular block, and other indications, including combined sick sinus syndrome with atrioventricular block and neurocardiogenic syncope. Recently, BiV pacing as a new, adjuvant therapy for patients with chronic HF and mechanical dyssynchrony has been investigated. Ventricular dysfunction is a sign of HF; and, if associated with severe intraventricular conduction delay, it can cause dyssynchronous ventricular contractions resulting in decreased ventricular filling. The therapeutic intent is to activate both ventricles simultaneously, thereby improving the mechanical efficiency of the ventricles. About 30% of patients with chronic HF have intraventricular conduction defects. (6) These conduction abnormalities progress over time and lead to discoordinated contraction of an already hemodynamically compromised ventricle. Intraventricular conduction delay has been associated with clinical instability and an increased risk of death in patients with HF. (7) Hence, BiV pacing, which involves pacing left and right ventricles simultaneously, may provide a more coordinated pattern of ventricular contraction and thereby potentially reduce QRS duration, and intraventricular and interventricular asynchrony. People with advanced chronic HF, a wide QRS complex (i.e., the portion of the electrocardiogram comprising the Q, R, and S waves, together representing ventricular depolarization), low left ventricular ejection fraction and contraction dyssynchrony in a viable myocardium and normal sinus rhythm, are the target patients group for BiV pacing. One-half of all deaths in HF patients are sudden, and the mode of death is arrhythmic in most cases. Internal cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) combined with BiV pacemakers are therefore being increasingly considered for patients with HF who are at high risk of sudden death. CURRENT IMPLANTATION TECHNIQUE FOR CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION: Conventional dual-chamber pacemakers have only 2 leads: 1 placed in the right atrium and the other in the right ventricle. The technique used for BiV pacemaker implantation also uses right atrial and ventricular pacing leads, in addition to a left ventricle lead advanced through the coronary sinus into a vein that runs along the ventricular free wall. This permits simultaneous pacing of both ventricles to allow resynchronization of the left ventricle septum and free wall. MODE OF OPERATION: Permanent pacing systems consist of an implantable pulse generator that contains a battery and electronic circuitry, together with 1 (single-chamber pacemaker) or 2 (dual-chamber pacemaker) leads. Leads conduct intrinsic atrial or ventricular signals to the sensing circuitry and deliver the pulse generator charge to the myocardium (muscle of the heart). COMPLICATIONS OF BIVENTRICULAR PACEMAKER IMPLANTATION: The complications that may arise when a BiV pacemaker is implanted are similar to those that occur with standard pacemaker implantation, including pneumothorax, perforation of the great vessels or the myocardium, air embolus, infection, bleeding, and arrhythmias. Moreover, left ventricular pacing through the coronary sinus can be associated with rupture of the sinus as another complication. CONCLUSION OF 2003 REVIEW OF BIVENTRICULAR PACEMAKERS BY THE MEDICAL ADVISORY SECRETARIAT: The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) the Medical Advisory Secretariat retrieved analyzed chronic HF patients that were assessed for up to 6 months. Other studies have been prospective, but nonrandomized, not double-blinded, uncontrolled and/or have had a limited or uncalculated sample size. Short-term studies have focused on acute hemodynamic analyses. The authors of the RCTs reported improved cardi	Health Quality Ontario		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=23074464http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+In-Process+%26+Other+Non-Indexed+Citations+%3CJune+06%2C+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23074464&id=doi:&issn=1915-7398&volume=5&issue=13&spage=1&pages=1-60&date=2005&title=Ontario+Health+Technology+Assessment+Series&atitle=Biventricular+pacing+%28cardiac+resynchronization+therapy%29%3A+an+evidence-based+analysis.&aulast=Health+Quality&pid=%3Cauthor%3EHealth+Quality+Ontario%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23074464%3C%2FAN%3E								MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

L. Hebden, K. Balestracci, K. McGeechan, E. Denney-Wilson, M. Harris, A. Bauman and M. Allman-Farinelli	2013	'TXT2BFiT' a mobile phone-based healthy lifestyle program for preventing unhealthy weight gain in young adults: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial		Trials			14			75						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		'TXT2BFiT' a mobile phone-based healthy lifestyle program for preventing unhealthy weight gain in young adults: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 23506013						CN-00964815				BACKGROUND: Despite international efforts to arrest increasing rates of overweight and obesity, many population strategies have neglected young adults as a target group. Young adults are at high risk for unhealthy weight gain which tends to persist throughout adulthood with associated chronic disease health risks. METHODS/DESIGN: TXT2BFiT is a nine month two-arm parallel-group randomized controlled trial aimed at improving weight management and weight-related dietary and physical activity behaviors among young adults. Participants are recruited via general practice (primary medical care) clinics in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. All participants receive a mailed resource outlining national physical activity and dietary guidelines and access to the study website. Additional resources accessible to the intervention arm via the study website include Smartphone mobile applications, printable handouts, an interactive healthy weight tracker chart, and a community blog. The study consists of two phases: (1) Intensive phase (weeks 1 to 12): the control arm receives four short message service (SMS) text messages; the intervention arm receives eight SMS messages/week tailored to their baseline stage-of-change, one Email/week, and personalized coaching calls during weeks 0, 2, 5, 8, and 11; and (2) Maintenance phase (weeks 14 to 36): the intervention arm receives one SMS message/month, one Email/month and booster coaching calls during months 5 and 8. A sample of N = 354 (177 per arm) is required to detect differences in primary outcomes: body weight (kg) and body mass index (kg/m2), and secondary outcomes: physical activity, sitting time, intake of specific foods, beverages and nutrients, stage-of-change, self-efficacy and participant well-being, at three and nine months. Program reach, costs, implementation and participant engagement will also be assessed. DISCUSSION: This mobile phone based program addresses an important gap in obesity prevention efforts to date. The method of intervention delivery is via platforms that are highly accessible and appropriate for this population group. If effective, further translational research will be required to assess how this program might operate in the broader community. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12612000924853.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/815/CN-00964815/frame.html										
K. Heesch, L. Mâsse, A. Dunn, R. Frankowski and P. Mullen	2003	Does adherence to a lifestyle physical activity intervention predict changes in physical activity?		Journal of behavioral medicine			26		4	333-48						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Does adherence to a lifestyle physical activity intervention predict changes in physical activity?								Pubmed 12921007						CN-00439994				This study examined whether adherence to a lifestyle physical activity intervention predicted weekly participation in at least 150 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity among 244 sedentary healthy adults. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the association between adherence and physical activity. Markers of adherence were attendance, homework completion, and self-monitoring for a group-based intervention and telephone call completion, homework completion, and self-monitoring for a telephone and mail-delivered intervention. For both interventions, adherence significantly predicted moderate to vigorous physical activity. Adherence to lifestyle physical activity interventions ought to be encouraged to increase the likelihood that participants will engage in an adequate amount of physical activity for health benefits to occur.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/994/CN-00439994/frame.html										
R. Heikkinen, E. Vihriälä, A. Vainionpää, R. Korpelainen and T. Jämsä	2007	Acceleration slope of exercise-induced impacts is a determinant of changes in bone density		Journal of biomechanics			40		13	2967-74						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Acceleration slope of exercise-induced impacts is a determinant of changes in bone density								Pubmed 17399725						CN-00609443				High acceleration levels (>4g) seen during impact exercises have been shown to increase bone mineral density (BMD) in premenopausal women. The aim of this study was to examine how the other acceleration signal characteristics, i.e. the slope, area and energy of the signal are related to changes in bone density, using long-term quantification of physical activity. Daily physical activity was continuously assessed with a waist-worn accelerometer-based body movement monitor in 64 premenopausal women participating in a 12-month population-based exercise trial. The daily number of exercise-induced impacts at different slope, area and energy levels of the acceleration signal was analyzed. Physical activity inducing slopes 1000 m/s(3), acceleration peak areas 2m/s or signal energies 75 m(2)/s(3) was associated with BMD change in the hip (p<0.05). Impacts with the smallest slopes (<1000 m/s(3)) were positively associated with changes in calcaneal speed of ultrasound, while impacts with slopes 1500 m/s(3) or areas 4m/s were positively correlated with broadband ultrasound attenuation changes (p<0.05). We conclude that the acceleration slope of exercise-induced impacts is an important determinant of bone density. The slope threshold for improving BMD at the hip is 1000 m/s(3), which can be achieved during normal exercise including fast movements such as running and jumping.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/443/CN-00609443/frame.html										
D. P. Heil	2002	Estimating energy expenditure in wildland fire fighters using a physical activity monitor		Applied Ergonomics			33		5	405-13					Sep	Comparative Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Estimating energy expenditure in wildland fire fighters using a physical activity monitor	Appl Ergon	0003-6870												12236649				This study piloted the use of an electronic activity monitor (MTI AM 7164-1.2) as a tool for estimating activity (EE(ACT), kcal day(-1)) and total (EE(TOT) kcal day(-1)) energy expenditure in wildland fire fighters during extended periods of wildland fire suppression. Ten Hot Shot fire fighters (9 men, 1 woman) volunteered to wear a MTI monitor during every work shift for 21 consecutive days. Summarizing whole-body motion data each 1 min, the raw activity data (counts min(-1)) were transformed into units of kcal min(-1) using a custom computer program with standard conversion equations. EE(TOT) averaged (Mean+/-SD) 4768+/-478 kcal day(-1), while EE(ACT) averaged 2585+/-406 kcal day(-1), neither of which differed significantly (P = 0.198 and 0.268, respectively) from literature values reported for Hot Shots using the doubly labeled water technique. These data suggest that the electronic activity monitor provided reasonable estimates of EE in wildland fire fighters. This study should be verified, however, with a more complete validation methodology to ensure these findings.	Heil, Daniel P		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12236649http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:12236649&id=doi:&issn=0003-6870&volume=33&issue=5&spage=405&pages=405-13&date=2002&title=Applied+Ergonomics&atitle=Estimating+energy+expenditure+in+wildland+fire+fighters+using+a+physical+activity+monitor.&aulast=Heil&pid=%3Cauthor%3EHeil+DP%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E12236649%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Management and International Business, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand. dheil@montana.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

D. P. Heil	2006	Predicting activity energy expenditure using the Actical activity monitor		Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport			77		1	64-80					Mar	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Predicting activity energy expenditure using the Actical activity monitor	Res Q Exerc Sport	0270-1367												16646354				This study developed algorithms for predicting activity energy expenditure (AEE) in children (n = 24) and adults (n = 24) from the Actical activity monitor. Each participant performed 10 activities (supine resting, three sitting, three house cleaning, and three locomotion) while wearing monitors on the ankle, hip, and wrist; AEE was computed from oxygen consumption. Regression analysis, used to create AEE prediction equations based on Actical output, varied considerably for both children (R2 = .45-.75; p < .001) and adults (R2 = .14-.85; p < .008). Most of the resulting algorithms accurately predicted accumulated AEE and time within light, moderate, and vigorous intensity categories (p > .05). The Actical monitor may be useful for predicting AEE and time variables at the ankle, hip, or wrist locations.	Heil, Daniel P		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16646354http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:16646354&id=doi:&issn=0270-1367&volume=77&issue=1&spage=64&pages=64-80&date=2006&title=Research+Quarterly+for+Exercise+%26+Sport&atitle=Predicting+activity+energy+expenditure+using+the+Actical+activity+monitor.&aulast=Heil&pid=%3Cauthor%3EHeil+DP%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E16646354%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman 59717, USA. dheil@montana.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

D. P. Heil, G. G. Bennett, K. S. Bond, M. D. Webster and K. Y. Wolin	2009	Influence of activity monitor location and bout duration on free-living physical activity		Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport			80		3	424-33					Sep	Comparative Study		Influence of activity monitor location and bout duration on free-living physical activity	Res Q Exerc Sport	0270-1367												19791628				The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the location (ankle, hip, wrist) where an activity monitor (AM) is worn and of the minimum bout duration (BD) on physical activity (PA) variables during free-living monitoring. Study 1 participants wore AMs at three locations for 1 day while wearing the Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity (IDEEA) system. Study 2 participants wore AMs at the same locations for 3 days. Variables included time (T(MV), min/day) and AEE (AEE(MV) kcal/day) for each monitor location and BD above a moderate-vigorous (MV) intensity. T(MV) and AEE(MV) in Study 1 were similar across AMs to IDEEA values at BD = 10 min, as was T(MV) in Study 2. This suggests that ankle-, wrist- and hip-worn AMs can provide similar PA outcome values during free-living monitoring at 10-min BDs.	Heil, Daniel P
Bennett, Gary G
Bond, Kathleen S
Webster, Michael D
Wolin, Kathleen Y		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19791628http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19791628&id=doi:&issn=0270-1367&volume=80&issue=3&spage=424&pages=424-33&date=2009&title=Research+Quarterly+for+Exercise+%26+Sport&atitle=Influence+of+activity+monitor+location+and+bout+duration+on+free-living+physical+activity.&aulast=Heil&pid=%3Cauthor%3EHeil+DP%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19791628%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. dheil@montana.ede						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

R. Heinonen, R. Luoto, P. Lindfors and C. Nygård	2012	Usability and feasibility of mobile phone diaries in an experimental physical exercise study		Telemedicine journal and e-health			18		2	115-9						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Usability and feasibility of mobile phone diaries in an experimental physical exercise study								Pubmed 22283356						CN-00835390				OBJECTIVES: Wireless and mobile phone technology as a method of data collection will increase alongside conventional methods. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of a mobile phone application for recording symptoms and physical activity exertion during an experimental physical exercise study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An experimental study on the effects of physical exercise on the well-being of menopausal women included 158 subjects between 44 and 63 years of age. The women were randomized into intervention and control groups. All participants in both groups reported daily symptoms by responding to morning and evening questionnaires via mobile phones. The usability of the mobile phone as a data collector tool was evaluated with the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire 2 months after the intervention. The feasibility evaluation was based on the frequency of responses and open questions. RESULTS: The response rates were about 70% to both morning and evening questionnaires. The average frequency of responses (n =158) to morning questionnaires was 125 (±40)/170 (±14) and to evening questionnaires was 118 (±40)/171 (±14). The response rate did not differ between the intervention and the control groups. The SUS score was on average 75.4 (range, 0-100; n =107). CONCLUSION: A mobile phone diary is a feasible and usable tool for data collection in clinical trials.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/390/CN-00835390/frame.html										
J. Heitmann, L. Grote, L. Knaack, U. Köhler, M. Hinder and J. Peter	1998	Cardiovascular effects of mibefradil in hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnea		European journal of clinical pharmacology			54		9-10	691-6						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Cardiovascular effects of mibefradil in hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnea								Pubmed 9923569						CN-00159201				OBJECTIVE: Hypertension is often seen in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and is characterized by increased sympathetic activity, depressed baroreflex and accentuated vascular responsiveness. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the new T-selective calcium channel blocker mibefradil on invasively measured blood pressure (BP) and heart rate in hypertensive patients with OSA. METHODS: The present study was a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled before and after trial in two parallel groups. Fifty-three men aged 23 69 years with systemic hypertension and OSA were recruited from the Outpatient Department of the Marburg University Sleep Laboratory and hospitalized for 10 days. Mibefradil (50 mg) or placebo were given orally in the morning for 8 days. The main outcome measure was the mean arterial (radial) BP monitored continuously during nocturnal sleep and during standardized daytime physical and psychological performance testing. RESULTS: Mibefradil lowered mean arterial BP and heart rate with (SD) during the entire measurement period compared with placebo: -7.25 (9.59) vs -2.11 (8.43) mmHg (P=0.039) and -4.83 (5.94) vs -1.34 (4.13) bpm (P=0.022), respectively. Both effects were observed during nocturnal sleep and performance testing, including graded exercise. Adverse events did not differ compared with placebo. CONCLUSION: Mibefradil is an effective but well-tolerated antihypertensive that also lowers heart rate over 24 h in OSA, in conditions known to increase BP.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/201/CN-00159201/frame.html										
R. Helleday, D. Huberman, A. Blomberg, N. Stjernberg and T. Sandström	1995	Nitrogen dioxide exposure impairs the frequency of the mucociliary activity in healthy subjects		The European respiratory journal			8		10	1664-8						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial;		Nitrogen dioxide exposure impairs the frequency of the mucociliary activity in healthy subjects								Pubmed 8586119						CN-00123270				In previous studies, we have reported bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) findings following single and repeated exposures to NO2. Here, we present the first data on measurements of the frequency of the mucociliary activity in healthy subjects following exposure to NO2. Twenty four healthy nonsmoking volunteers underwent fibreoptic bronchoscopy, during which mucociliary activity was measured using an in vivo method based on a two-way fibreoptic system, to obtain baseline data. Two weeks later, the subjects were reinvestigated following NO2 exposure. Eight volunteers were investigated 45 min after a 20 min exposure to 1.5 ppm NO2 (Group A); eight subjects 45 min after a 20 min exposure to 3.5 ppm NO2 (Group B); and eight subjects 24 h after a 4 h exposure to 3.5 ppm NO2 (Group C). No activity was detected in Group A or B 45 min after exposure, in contrast to the easily identifiable mucociliary activity waves at the reference bronchoscopy. In group C, a significant elevation of the frequency of the mucociliary activity waves was seen at 24 h. It is concluded that short-term exposure to NO2 in man produces a significant reduction in the mucociliary activity 45 min after exposure. The effect ceases within 24 h. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effects of repeated exposures with NO2 on mucociliary activity in man.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/270/CN-00123270/frame.html										
W. Hellstrom, M. Freier, E. Serefoglu, R. Lewis, K. Didonato and C. Peterson	2013	A phase II, single-blind, randomized, crossover evaluation of the safety and efficacy of avanafil using visual sexual stimulation in patients with mild to moderate erectile dysfunction		BJU International			111		1	137-147								A phase II, single-blind, randomized, crossover evaluation of the safety and efficacy of avanafil using visual sexual stimulation in patients with mild to moderate erectile dysfunction														CN-00913258				Objective: To evaluate the safety, efficacy and time course of three doses of avanafil (50 mg, 100 mg and 200 mg) compared with sildenafil 50 mg or placebo, given in conjunction with visual sexual stimulation (VSS) videos in men with mild to moderate erectile dysfunction (ED). Patients and Methods: Male patients, 35-70 years of age, with mild to moderate ED of >=6 months duration, were included in the study. During the course of the study, each patient received placebo, active control (sildenafil 50 mg), and one dose of avanafil (50 mg, 100 mg or 200 mg), all administered in random order at least 72 h apart. RigiScan (Dacomed Corp., Minneapolis, MN, USA) monitoring was used in conjunction with 20-min VSS videos (20, 60, and 100 min after dosing) to determine the duration of and time to >=60% penile rigidity, maximum rigidity, tumescent activity units (TAUs), rigidity activity units (RAUs), and responses to the five-point Erection Assessment Scale. Safety assessments included adverse events (AEs), vital sign changes in response to dosing, laboratory results (complete blood counts, chemistry panel, prostate-specific antigen, serum testosterone, prothrombin time and urine analysis) and physical examination findings. Results: Eighty-three patients were randomized and received at least one dose of study medication; 82 patients completed the study. Peak response to avanafil occurred in the early interval (20-40 min after dosing), while peak response to sildenafil occurred either in the middle (60-80 min) or late (100-120 min) intervals after dosing. Results were qualitatively similar for all other efficacy endpoints. During the 20-40-min interval, the majority of values for TAUs and RAUs with the avanafil 50-mg, 100-mg and 200-mg treatments were significantly superior to placebo (P < 0.05). Avanafil treatment was generally well tolerated; facial flushing (7-15%) was the most commonly observed AE, and no visual disturbances were reported. Conclusion: A favourable safety profile and improvement in sexual function, coupled with rapid onset of action and durability of effect, make avanafil an attractive option for males with ED, especially in the setting of on-demand treatment. 2012 BJU International.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/258/CN-00913258/frame.html										
W. Hellstrom, M. Freier, E. Serefoglu, R. Lewis, K. DiDonato and C. Peterson	2013	A phase II, single-blind, randomized, crossover evaluation of the safety and efficacy of avanafil using visual sexual stimulation in patients with mild to moderate erectile dysfunction		BJU international			111		1	137-47						Clinical Trial, Phase II; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		A phase II, single-blind, randomized, crossover evaluation of the safety and efficacy of avanafil using visual sexual stimulation in patients with mild to moderate erectile dysfunction								Pubmed 22788525						CN-00968620				OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety, efficacy and time course of three doses of avanafil (50 mg, 100 mg and 200 mg) compared with sildenafil 50 mg or placebo, given in conjunction with visual sexual stimulation (VSS) videos in men with mild to moderate erectile dysfunction (ED). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Male patients, 35-70 years of age, with mild to moderate ED of ?6 months duration, were included in the study. During the course of the study, each patient received placebo, active control (sildenafil 50 mg), and one dose of avanafil (50 mg, 100 mg or 200 mg), all administered in random order at least 72 h apart. RigiScan® (Dacomed Corp., Minneapolis, MN, USA) monitoring was used in conjunction with 20-min VSS videos (20, 60, and 100 min after dosing) to determine the duration of and time to ?60% penile rigidity, maximum rigidity, tumescent activity units (TAUs), rigidity activity units (RAUs), and responses to the five-point Erection Assessment Scale. Safety assessments included adverse events (AEs), vital sign changes in response to dosing, laboratory results (complete blood counts, chemistry panel, prostate-specific antigen, serum testosterone, prothrombin time and urine analysis) and physical examination findings. RESULTS: Eighty-three patients were randomized and received at least one dose of study medication; 82 patients completed the study. Peak response to avanafil occurred in the early interval (20-40 min after dosing), while peak response to sildenafil occurred either in the middle (60-80 min) or late (100-120 min) intervals after dosing. Results were qualitatively similar for all other efficacy endpoints. During the 20-40-min interval, the majority of values for TAUs and RAUs with the avanafil 50-mg, 100-mg and 200-mg treatments were significantly superior to placebo (P < 0.05). Avanafil treatment was generally well tolerated; facial flushing (7-15%) was the most commonly observed AE, and no visual disturbances were reported. CONCLUSION: A favourable safety profile and improvement in sexual function, coupled with rapid onset of action and durability of effect, make avanafil an attractive option for males with ED, especially in the setting of on-demand treatment.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/620/CN-00968620/frame.html										
D. Helsel, J. Jakicic and A. Otto	2007	Comparison of techniques for self-monitoring eating and exercise behaviors on weight loss in a correspondence-based intervention		Journal of the American Dietetic Association			107		10	1807-10						Randomized Controlled Trial		Comparison of techniques for self-monitoring eating and exercise behaviors on weight loss in a correspondence-based intervention								Pubmed 17904942						CN-00612293				This study examined whether different methods of self-monitoring eating and exercise behaviors affect the process of self-monitoring and change in body weight in overweight adults. Forty-two subjects participated in a 16-week correspondence-based weight-loss intervention using a pretest-posttest randomized design. Dietary intake was prescribed at 1,200 to 1,500 kcal/day and <30% dietary fat. Physical activity was progressed to 200 minutes/week. Participants were randomly assigned to self-monitoring eating and physical activity behaviors using a traditional detailed method or transitioning to an abbreviated method. Transitioning to an abbreviated method returned significantly more diaries than using a traditional detailed method (P=0.04). Participants completing the study showed no significant difference in weight loss between the traditional detailed method (-7.5+/-5.3 kg) and the abbreviated method (-7.6+/-5.5 kg), with similar results for intention-to-treat analysis (detailed method -3.9+/-5.3 kg vs abbreviated method -4.3+/-5.8 kg). Weight loss was significantly associated with number of self-monitoring diaries completed (r=0.53, P<0.05). Findings suggest the self-monitoring process, rather than the detail of self-monitoring, is important for facilitating weight loss and change in eating and physical activity behaviors. Transitioning to a simplified approach to self-monitoring does not negatively affect short-term weight loss in overweight adults. These results may have implications for improving self-monitoring in overweight adults during periods of weight loss.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/293/CN-00612293/frame.html										
R. Hermida, D. Ayala, L. Chayan, A. Mojon and J. Fernandez	2012	Chronotherapy with the ace-inhibitor ramipril in essential hypertension: Improved blood pressure control with bedtime administration [abstract]		Journal of clinical hypertension			11		4 Suppl. 1	A30								Chronotherapy with the ace-inhibitor ramipril in essential hypertension: Improved blood pressure control with bedtime administration [abstract]														CN-00782108				The extent of morning blood pressure (BP) surge upon wakening (MBPS, calculated as the difference between the 2-hourly BP average after awakening and the hourly average around the lowest BP value during sleep) has been associated with increased incidence of stroke [Circulation. 2003;107:1401-6] and cardiovascular mortality [J Hypertens. 2004;22:1113-8]. Previous studies have shown that the circadian BP pattern remains unchanged after either morning or evening administration of several calcium channel blockers (CCB), including amlodipine, isradipine, verapamil, nitrendipine, and cilnidipine. This trial investigated the antihypertensive efficacy and effects on the MBPS of awakening versus bedtime administration of nifedipine GITS in essential hypertension. We studied 238 previously untreated patients with grade 1-2 essential hypertension (110 men), 53.3+/-11.4 years of age, randomly assigned to receive nifedipine GITS (30 mg/day) as a monotherapy either upon awakening or at bedtime. BP was measured at 20-min intervals from 07:00 to 23:00h and at 30-min intervals at night for 48h before and after 8 weeks of treatment. Physical activity was simultaneously monitored every minute by wrist actigraphy to accurately calculate the awake and asleep BP means on a per subject basis. The BP reduction was significantly larger with administration of nifedipine at bedtime (8.6/5.8 mmHg reduction in the 24h mean of systolic/diastolic BP after nifedipine GITS on awakening; 13.8/8.7 mmHg after bedtime dosing; P&LT;0.001 between groups). The sleep-time relative BP decline (awake/asleep BP ratio) was unchanged after morning treatment, but increased towards a more dipping pattern after bedtime dosing (P=0.026 between groups). The MBPS was unchanged after administration of nifedipine GITS upon awakening (1.4/.12 mmHg reduction in systolic/diastolic BP, P&gt;0.270), but significantly reduced after bedtime dosing (6.2/4.4 mmHg reduction, P&LT;0.001). Nifedipine GITS efficiently reduces BP for the entire 24h of the day and to a significantly larger extent after bedtime administration. The significant added efficacy on reducing the asleep BP mean, the significant increase of the awake/asleep BP ratio, and the significant decrease in MBPS (all relevant markers of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality) of bedtime as compared to morning administration, consistently indicate that nifedipine GITS should preferably be administered at bedtime in patients with essential hypertension. 24th Annual Scientific Meeting and Exposition of the American Society of Hypertension, ASH; 2009 May 6-9; San Francisco, CA, USA			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/108/CN-00782108/frame.html										
R. Hermida, D. Ayala, J. Fernández and A. Mojón	2013	Sleep-time blood pressure: prognostic value and relevance as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular risk reduction		Chronobiology international			30		1-2	68-86						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Sleep-time blood pressure: prognostic value and relevance as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular risk reduction								Pubmed 23181592						CN-00863561				Correlation between blood pressure (BP) level and target organ damage, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, and long-term prognosis is greater for ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) than clinical BP measurements. Nevertheless, the latter continue to be the "gold standard" to diagnose hypertension, assess CVD risk, and evaluate hypertension treatment. Independent ABPM studies have found that elevated sleep-time BP is a better predictor of CVD risk than either the awake or 24-h BP mean. A major limitation of all previous ABPM-based prognostic studies is the reliance only upon a single baseline profile from each participant at the time of inclusion, without accounting for potential changes in the level and pattern of ambulatory BP thereafter during follow-up. Accordingly, impact of the alteration over time, i.e., during long-term follow-up, of specific features of the 24-h BP variation on CVD risk has never been properly investigated. We evaluated the comparative prognostic value of (i) clinic and ambulatory BP; (ii) different ABPM-derived characteristics, e.g., asleep or awake BP mean; and (iii) specific changes in ABPM characteristic during follow-up, mainly whether reduced CVD risk is more related to the progressive decrease of asleep or awake BP. We prospectively studied 3344 subjects (1718 men/1626 women), 52.6?±?14.5 (mean?±?SD) yrs of age, during a median follow-up of 5.6 yrs. Those with hypertension at baseline were randomized to ingest all their prescribed hypertension medications upon awakening or ?1 of them at bedtime. At baseline, BP was measured at 20-min intervals from 07:00 to 23:00?h and at 30-min intervals at night for 48-h, and physical activity was simultaneously monitored every min by wrist actigraphy to accurately derive awake and asleep BP means. Identical assessment was scheduled annually and more frequently (quarterly) if treatment adjustment was required. Data collected either at baseline or the last ABPM evaluation per participant showed that the asleep systolic BP mean was the most significant predictor of both total CVD events and major CVD events (a composite of CVD death, myocardial infarction, and stroke). Moreover, when the asleep BP mean was adjusted by the awake mean, only the former was a significant independent predictor of outcome in a Cox proportional-hazard model adjusted for sex, age, diabetes, anemia, and chronic kidney disease. Analyses of changes in ambulatory BP during follow-up revealed 17% reduction in CVD risk for each 5?mm Hg decrease in the asleep systolic BP mean (p?<?.001), independent of changes in any other clinic or ambulatory BP parameter. The increased event-free survival associated with the progressive reduction in the asleep systolic BP mean during follow-up was significant for subjects with either normal or elevated BP at baseline. The ABPM-derived asleep BP mean was the most significant prognostic marker of CVD morbidity and mortality. Most important, the progressive decrease in asleep BP mean, a novel therapeutic target that requires proper patient evaluation by ABPM and best achieved by ingestion of at least one hypertension medication at bedtime, was the most significant predictor of event-free survival.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/561/CN-00863561/frame.html										
R. Hermida, D. Ayala, M. Fontao, A. Mojón and J. Fernández	2010	Chronotherapy with valsartan/amlodipine fixed combination: improved blood pressure control of essential hypertension with bedtime dosing		Chronobiology international			27		6	1287-303						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Chronotherapy with valsartan/amlodipine fixed combination: improved blood pressure control of essential hypertension with bedtime dosing								Pubmed 20653455						CN-00761598				Administration of valsartan at bedtime as opposed to upon wakening improves the sleep-time relative blood pressure (BP) decline towards a more normal dipper pattern without loss of 24-h efficacy. Amlodipine, however, has been shown to be effective in reducing BP throughout the day and night, independent of dosing time. A large proportion of hypertensive subjects cannot be properly controlled with a single medication. However, no study has yet investigated the potential differing effects of combination therapy depending of the time-of-day of administration. Accordingly, the authors investigated the administration-time-dependent BP-lowering efficacy of valsartan/amlodipine combination. The authors studied 203 hypertensive subjects (92 men/111 women), 56.7 +/- 12.5 yrs of age, randomized to receive valsartan (160 mg/day) and amlodipine (5 mg/day) in one of the following four therapeutic schemes: both medications on awakening, both at bedtime, either one administered on awakening and the other at bedtime. BP was measured by ambulatory monitoring for 48 consecutive hours before and after 12 wks of treatment. Physical activity was simultaneously monitored every min by wrist actigraphy to accurately determine the beginning and end of daytime activity and nocturnal sleep. BP-lowering efficacy (quantified in terms of reduction of the 48-h mean of systolic/diastolic BP) was highest when both hypertension medications were ingested at bedtime, as compared to any one of the three other tested therapeutic schemes (17.4/13.4 mm Hg reduction with both medications on awakening; 15.1/9.6 mm Hg with valsartan on awakening and amlodipine at bedtime; 18.2/12.3 mm Hg with valsartan at bedtime and amlodipine on awakening; 24.7/13.5 mm Hg with both medications at bedtime; p < .018 between groups). The sleep-time relative BP decline was significantly increased towards a more normal dipper pattern only when both medications were jointly ingested at bedtime (p < .001). Bedtime dosing of the combination of the two medications also resulted in the largest percentage of controlled subjects among all the assessed therapeutic schemes (p = .003 between groups). In subjects requiring combination therapy to achieve proper BP control, the association of amlodipine and valsartan efficiently reduces BP for the entire 24 h independent of dosing time. However, the greater proportion of controlled patients, improved efficacy on lowering asleep BP mean, and increased sleep-time relative BP decline suggest valsartan/amlodipine combination therapy should be preferably administered at bedtime.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/598/CN-00761598/frame.html										
R. Hermida, D. Ayala, M. Fontao, A. Mojón and J. Fernández	2013	Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: importance of sampling rate and duration--48 versus 24 hours--on the accurate assessment of cardiovascular risk		Chronobiology international			30		1-2	55-67						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: importance of sampling rate and duration--48 versus 24 hours--on the accurate assessment of cardiovascular risk								Pubmed 23077972						CN-00863569				Independent prospective studies have found that ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring (ABPM) is more closely correlated with target organ damage and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk than clinic BP measurement. This is based on studies in which BP was sampled every 15-30?min for ?24?h, without taking into account that reproducibility of any estimated parameter from a time series to be potentially used for CVD risk assessment might depend more on monitoring duration than on sampling rate. Herein, we evaluated the influence of duration (48 vs. 24?h) and sampling rate of BP measurements (form every 20-30?min up to every 2?h) on the prognostic value of ABPM-derived parameters. We prospectively studied 3344 subjects (1718 men/1626 women), 52.6?±?14.5 yrs of age, during a median follow-up of 5.6 yrs. Those with hypertension at baseline were randomized to ingest all their prescribed hypertension medications upon awakening or ?1 of them at bedtime. At baseline, BP was measured at 20-min intervals from 07:00 to 23:00?h and at 30-min intervals at night for 48?h, and physical activity was simultaneously monitored every min by wrist actigraphy to accurately derive the awake and asleep BP means. Identical assessment was scheduled annually and more frequently (quarterly) if treatment adjustment was required. ABPM profiles were modified to generate time series of identical 48-h duration but with data sampled at 1- or 2-h intervals, or shorter, i.e., first 24?h, time series with data sampled at the original rate (daytime 20-min intervals/nighttime 30-min intervals). Bland-Altman plots indicated that the range of individual differences in the estimated awake and asleep systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) means between the original and modified ABPM profiles was up to 3-fold smaller for data sampled every 1?h for 48?h than for data sampled every 20-30?min for the first 24?h. Reduction of ABPM duration to just 24?h resulted in error of the estimated asleep SBP mean, the most significant prognostic marker of CVD events, in the range of -21.4 to +23.9?mm Hg. Cox proportional-hazard analyses adjusted for sex, age, diabetes, anemia, and chronic kidney disease revealed comparable hazard ratios (HRs) for mean BP values and sleep-time relative BP decline derived from the original complete 48-h ABPM profiles and those modified to simulate a sampling rate of one BP measurement every 1 or 2?h. The HRs, however, were markedly overestimated for SBP and underestimated for DBP when the duration of ABPM was reduced from 48 to only 24?h. This study on subjects evaluated prospectively by 48-h ABPM documents that reproducibility in the estimates of prognostic ABPM-derived parameters depends markedly on duration of monitoring, and only to a lesser extent on sampling rate. The HR of CVD events associated with increased ambulatory BP is poorly estimated by relying on 24-h ABPM, indicating ABPM for only 24?h may be insufficient for proper diagnosis of hypertension, identification of dipping status, evaluation of treatment efficacy, and, most important, CVD risk stratification.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/569/CN-00863569/frame.html										
R. Hermida, D. Ayala, A. Mojón and J. Fernández	2010	Influence of circadian time of hypertension treatment on cardiovascular risk: results of the MAPEC study		Chronobiology international			27		8	1629-51						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Influence of circadian time of hypertension treatment on cardiovascular risk: results of the MAPEC study								Pubmed 20854139						CN-00768856				Clinical studies have documented morning-evening, administration-time differences of several different classes of hypertension medications in blood pressure (BP)-lowering efficacy, duration of action, safety profile, and/or effects on the circadian BP pattern. In spite of these published findings, most hypertensive subjects, including those under combination therapy, are instructed by their physicians and pharmacists to ingest all of their BP-lowering medications in the morning. The potential differential reduction of cardiovascular (CVD) morbidity and mortality risk by a bedtime versus upon-awakening treatment schedule has never been evaluated prospectively. The prospective MAPEC study was specifically designed to test the hypothesis that bedtime chronotherapy with ?1 hypertension medications exerts better BP control and CVD risk reduction than conventional therapy, i.e., all medications ingested in the morning. A total of 2156 hypertensive subjects, 1044 men/1112 women, 55.6?±?13.6 (mean?±?SD) yrs of age, were randomized to ingest all their prescribed hypertension medications upon awakening or ?1 of them at bedtime. At baseline, BP was measured at 20-min intervals from 07:00 to 23:00?h and at 30-min intervals at night for 48?h. Physical activity was simultaneously monitored every min by wrist actigraphy to accurately determine the beginning and end of daytime activity and nocturnal sleep. Identical assessment was scheduled annually and more frequently (quarterly) if treatment adjustment was required. Despite lack of differences in ambulatory BP between groups at baseline, subjects ingesting medication at bedtime showed at their last available evaluation significantly lower mean sleep-time BP, higher sleep-time relative BP decline, reduced prevalence of non-dipping (34% versus 62%; p?<?.001), and higher prevalence of controlled ambulatory BP (62% versus 53%; p?<?.001). After a median follow-up of 5.6 yrs, subjects ingesting ?1 BP-lowering medications at bedtime exhibited a significantly lower relative risk of total CVD events than those ingesting all medications upon awakening (0.39 [0.29-0.51]; number of events 187 versus 68; p?<?.001). The difference between the treatment-time groups in the relative risk of major events (including CVD death, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke) was also highly statistically significant (0.33 [0.19-0.55]; number of events: 55 versus 18; p?<?.001). The progressive decrease in asleep BP and increase in sleep-time relative BP decline towards a more normal dipping pattern, two novel therapeutic targets requiring proper patient evaluation by ambulatory BP, were best achieved with bedtime therapy, and they were the most significant predictors of event-free survival. Bedtime chronotherapy with ?1 BP-lowering medications, compared to conventional upon-waking treatment with all medications, more effectively improved BP control, better decreased the prevalence of non-dipping, and, most importantly, significantly reduced CVD morbidity and mortality.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/856/CN-00768856/frame.html										
R. Hermida, D. Ayala, A. Mojón and J. Fernández	2013	Ambulatory blood pressure thresholds for diagnosis of hypertension in patients with and without type 2 diabetes based on cardiovascular outcomes		Chronobiology international			30		1-2	132-44						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Ambulatory blood pressure thresholds for diagnosis of hypertension in patients with and without type 2 diabetes based on cardiovascular outcomes								Pubmed 23181634						CN-00873746				Currently recommended ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring (ABPM) thresholds for diagnosis of hypertension do not differentiate, as international guidelines do for clinic BP, uncomplicated persons at low risk from those at higher risk, e.g., patients with diabetes, for target injury and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We aimed to derive diagnostic thresholds for the awake and asleep systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP means based upon CVD outcomes (death from all causes, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, coronary revascularization, heart failure, acute arterial occlusion of the lower extremities, thrombotic occlusion of the retinal artery, hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, and transient ischemic attack) for patients with and without diabetes. We prospectively studied 3344 subjects (1718 men/1626 women), 52.6?±?14.5 (mean?±?SD) yrs of age, 607 with type 2 diabetes, during a median follow-up of 5.6 yrs. Those with hypertension at baseline were randomized to ingest all their prescribed hypertension medications upon awakening or the entire daily dose of ?1 of them at bedtime. At baseline, BP was measured at 20-min intervals from 07:00 to 23:00?h and at 30-min intervals at night for 48?h, and physical activity was simultaneously monitored every minute by wrist actigraphy to accurately derive the awake and asleep BP means. Identical assessment was scheduled annually and more frequently (quarterly) if treatment adjustment was required. Cox regression analysis was used to derive outcome-based reference thresholds for ABPM in subjects with and without diabetes. CVD risk was consistently greater in patients with than without diabetes for awake SBP/DBP means ?130/75?mm Hg and asleep means ?110/65?mm Hg. Derived outcome-based reference thresholds for persons without diabetes were 135/85?mm Hg for the awake and 120/70?mm Hg for the asleep SBP/DBP means. In terms of CVD outcome, the equivalent cutoff threshold values for patients with diabetes were 120/75?mm Hg for the awake and 105/60?mm Hg for the asleep SBP/DBP means. Outcome-based reference thresholds for the diagnosis of hypertension were 15/10?mm Hg lower for ambulatory SBP/DBP in patients with than without diabetes. This marked difference indicates the need for revision of current guidelines that propose diagnostic thresholds for ambulatory BP without differentiation between the presence/absence of diabetes.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/746/CN-00873746/frame.html										
R. Hermida, D. Ayala, A. Mojón, M. Fontao, L. Chayán and J. Fernández	2013	Differences between men and women in ambulatory blood pressure thresholds for diagnosis of hypertension based on cardiovascular outcomes		Chronobiology international			30		1-2	221-32						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Differences between men and women in ambulatory blood pressure thresholds for diagnosis of hypertension based on cardiovascular outcomes								Pubmed 23098170						CN-00871028				Previous studies have reported sex differences in the pathophysiology of hypertension and responses to blood pressure (BP)-lowering medications. Moreover, men exhibit typically higher BP than women, the differences being greater for systolic (SBP) than diastolic (DBP) BP. These differences become apparent during adolescence and remain significant at least until 55-60 yrs of age. Despite such significant sex-related differences in BP regulation, the current recommended ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) thresholds for diagnosis of hypertension do not differentiate between men and women. We aimed to derive separate male and female diagnostic thresholds for the awake and asleep SBP and DBP means based upon cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcome. We prospectively studied 3344 subjects (1718 men/1626 women), 52.6?±?14.5 yrs of age, during a median follow-up of 5.6 yrs. Those with hypertension at baseline were randomized to ingest all their prescribed hypertension medications upon awakening or the entire daily dose of ?1 of them at bedtime. At baseline, BP was measured at 20-min intervals from 07:00 to 23:00?h and at 30-min intervals at night for 48?h, and physical activity was simultaneously monitored every minute by wrist actigraphy to accurately derive the awake and asleep BP means. Identical assessment was scheduled annually and more frequently (quarterly) if treatment adjustment was required. Cox regression analysis was used to derive outcome-based reference thresholds for ABPM in men and women. Men exhibited greater event rates than women of CVD death, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, coronary revascularization, and heart failure; however, event rates of non-CVD death and cerebrovascular events were comparable. The relationship between progressively higher ambulatory BP and CVD risk increased more rapidly in women than men for awake SBP/DBP means ?125/75?mm Hg and asleep means ?110/70?mm Hg. The derived outcome-based reference thresholds for men were 135/85?mm Hg for the awake and 120/70?mm Hg for the asleep SBP/DBP means. In terms of CVD outcome, the equivalent cutoff threshold values for women were 125/80?mm Hg for the awake and 110/65?mm Hg for the asleep SBP/DBP means. Outcome-based reference thresholds for the diagnosis of hypertension were 10/5?mm Hg lower for ambulatory SBP/DBP in women than men. This marked sex difference indicates the need for revision of current guidelines that propose diagnostic thresholds for ambulatory BP without differentiation between men and women.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/028/CN-00871028/frame.html										
R. Hermida, D. Ayala, A. Mojón, M. Fontao and J. Fernández	2011	Chronotherapy with valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide combination in essential hypertension: improved sleep-time blood pressure control with bedtime dosing		Chronobiology international			28		7	601-10						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Chronotherapy with valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide combination in essential hypertension: improved sleep-time blood pressure control with bedtime dosing								Pubmed 21823969						CN-00806699				Administration of angiotensin receptor blockers at bedtime results in greater reduction of nighttime blood pressure than dosing upon awakening, independent of the terminal half-life of each individual medication. To obtain blood pressure (BP) target goals most patients require treatment with more than one hypertension medication. However, the potential differing effects on BP regulation of combination therapy depending on the time-of-day of administration have scarcely been investigated. Accordingly, the authors prospectively evaluated the administration-time-dependent BP-lowering efficacy of valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) combination therapy. The authors conducted a randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint trial on 204 subjects with essential hypertension (95 men/109 women), 49.7?±?11.1 (mean?±?SD) yrs of age. The BP of participants in this trial was not properly controlled with respect to published ambulatory BP criteria after initially randomized to valsartan monotherapy (160?mg/day), whether routinely ingested upon awakening by one group or at bedtime by another group for 12 wks. Thus, HCTZ (12.5?mg/day) was added to valsartan as a single-pill formulation, maintaining the original treatment-time, i.e., upon awakening or at bedtime, of participants of the two groups, for another 12 wks. BP was measured by ambulatory monitoring for 48?h at inclusion and after each 12-wk span of therapy. Physical activity was simultaneously monitored every minute by wrist actigraphy to accurately define the beginning and end of daytime activity and nocturnal sleep so that the respective BP means for every participant at each evaluation could be precisely determined. Combination therapy resulted in a similar statistically significant reduction of the 48-h BP mean from baseline for both treatment-time groups (17.0/11.5?mm Hg in systolic/diastolic BP after combination therapy on awakening; 17.9/12.1?mm Hg reduction after combination treatment at bedtime; p?>?.542 between groups). The awake BP mean was reduced to a comparable extent in both treatment-time groups (p?>?.682). However, bedtime compared to morning dosing better reduced the asleep means of systolic BP (20.1 vs. 16.0?mm Hg; p?=?.015) and pulse pressure (6.5 vs. 4.0?mm Hg; p?=?.007 between groups). Accordingly, the proportion of subjects with a baseline non-dipper BP profile was significantly reduced from 59% to 23% only after bedtime combination treatment (p?<?.001). Moreover, the proportion of subjects with properly controlled ambulatory BP after combination therapy was significantly greater with bedtime than upon-awakening treatment (55 vs. 40%, p?=?.037). The improved efficacy in lowering the asleep BP mean, increased sleep-time relative BP decline, and greater proportion of controlled patients suggest that valsartan/HCTZ combination should be preferably administered at bedtime for treatment of subjects with essential hypertension requiring combination therapy to achieve proper BP control.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/699/CN-00806699/frame.html										
R. Hermida, C. Calvo, D. Ayala, M. Domínguez, M. Covelo, J. Fernández, A. Mojón and J. López	2003	Administration time-dependent effects of valsartan on ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive subjects		Hypertension			42		3	283-90						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Administration time-dependent effects of valsartan on ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive subjects								Pubmed 12874091						CN-00457169				This study investigated the administration time-dependent antihypertensive efficacy of valsartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker. We studied 90 subjects (30 men and 60 women), 49.0+/-14.3 (mean+/-SD) years of age with stage 1 to 2 essential hypertension; they were randomly assigned to receive valsartan (160 mg/d) as a monotherapy either on awakening or at bedtime. Blood pressure was measured by ambulatory monitoring every 20 minutes during the day and every 30 minutes at night for 48 consecutive hours before and after 3 months of treatment. Physical activity was simultaneously monitored every minute by wrist actigraphy to accurately calculate the diurnal and nocturnal means of blood pressure on a per-subject basis. The highly significant blood pressure reduction after 3 months of treatment with valsartan (P<0.001) was similar for both treatment times (17.0 and 11.3 mm Hg reduction in the 24-hour mean of systolic and diastolic blood pressure with morning administration and 14.6 and 11.4 mm Hg reduction with bedtime administration; P>0.174 for treatment time effect). Valsartan administration at bedtime as opposed to on wakening resulted in a highly significant average increase by 6% (P<0.001) in the diurnal-nocturnal ratio of blood pressure; this corresponded to a 73% relative reduction in the number of nondipper patients. The findings confirm that valsartan efficiently reduces blood pressure throughout the entire 24 hours, independent of treatment time. They also suggest that time of treatment can be chosen according to the dipper status of a patient to optimize the effect of antihypertensive therapy, an issue that deserves further investigation.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/169/CN-00457169/frame.html										
R. Hermida, C. Calvo, D. Ayala, J. Fernández, M. Covelo, A. Mojón and J. López	2005	Treatment of non-dipper hypertension with bedtime administration of valsartan		Journal of hypertension			23		10	1913-22						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Treatment of non-dipper hypertension with bedtime administration of valsartan								Pubmed 16148616						CN-00530019				BACKGROUND: Previous results have indicated that valsartan administration at bedtime, as opposed to upon wakening, may improve the diurnal: nocturnal ratio of blood pressure without loss in 24-h coverage and efficacy. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the administration time-dependent antihypertensive efficacy of valsartan in non-dipper patients. METHODS: We studied 148 non-dipper patients with grade 1-2 essential hypertension, aged 53.0+/-12.6 years, who were randomly assigned to receive valsartan (160 mg/day) as a monotherapy either on awakening or at bedtime. Blood pressure was measured every 20 min during the day and every 30 min at night for 48 consecutive hours before and after 3 months of treatment. Physical activity was simultaneously monitored every minute by wrist actigraphy to accurately calculate the diurnal and nocturnal means of blood pressure on a per subject basis. RESULTS: The significant blood pressure reduction after 3 months of valsartan (P<0.001) was similar for both treatment times (13.1 and 8.5 mmHg reduction in the 24-h mean of systolic and diastolic blood pressure with morning administration; 14.7 and 10.3 mmHg with bedtime administration; P>0.126 for treatment-time effect). The diurnal: nocturnal ratio of blood pressure was significantly increased only when valsartan was administered before bedtime, which resulted in 75% of the patients in this group reverting to dippers, a significant increase in the percentage of patients with controlled blood pressure over 24 h, and a reduction in urinary albumin excretion. CONCLUSIONS: In non-dipper hypertensive patients, dosing time with valsartan should be chosen at bedtime, for improved efficacy during the nocturnal resting hours, as well as the potential associated reduction in cardiovascular risk.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/019/CN-00530019/frame.html										
R. Hermida, C. Calvo, D. Ayala and J. López	2005	Decrease in urinary albumin excretion associated with the normalization of nocturnal blood pressure in hypertensive subjects		Hypertension			46		4	960-8						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Decrease in urinary albumin excretion associated with the normalization of nocturnal blood pressure in hypertensive subjects								Pubmed 16144987						CN-00529980				Previous results have indicated that valsartan administration at bedtime as opposed to on wakening improves the diurnal/nocturnal ratio of blood pressure without loss in efficacy and therapeutic coverage. We hypothesized that increasing this ratio could reduce microalbuminuria. We conducted a prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded endpoint trial on 200 previously untreated nonproteinuric patients with grade 1 to 2 essential hypertension, assigned to receive valsartan (160 mg/d) as a monotherapy either on awakening or at bedtime. Blood pressure was measured by ambulatory monitoring for 48 consecutive hours before and after 3 months of treatment. Physical activity was simultaneously monitored every minute by wrist actigraphy to accurately calculate the diurnal and nocturnal means of blood pressure on a per-subject basis. The significant blood pressure reduction after 3 months of therapy was similar for both treatment times. The diurnal/nocturnal blood pressure ratio was unchanged after valsartan on awakening, but significantly increased from 7.5 to 12.2 (P<0.001) when valsartan was administered at bedtime. Urinary albumin excretion was significantly reduced by 41% after bedtime treatment. This reduction was independent of the 24-hour blood pressure decrease but highly correlated with the decrease in nocturnal blood pressure and mainly with the increase in diurnal/nocturnal ratio (P<0.001). Bedtime valsartan administration improves the diurnal/nocturnal blood pressure ratio to a more dipper profile. This normalization of the circadian blood pressure pattern is associated with a significant decrease in urinary albumin excretion and plasma fibrinogen, and could thus reduce the increased cardiovascular risk in nondipper hypertensive patients.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/980/CN-00529980/frame.html										
R. Hermida, C. Calvo, D. Ayala, A. Mojón, M. Rodríguez, L. Chayán, J. López, M. Fontao, R. Soler and J. Fernández	2005	Administration time-dependent effects of valsartan on ambulatory blood pressure in elderly hypertensive subjects		Chronobiology international			22		4	755-76						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Administration time-dependent effects of valsartan on ambulatory blood pressure in elderly hypertensive subjects								Pubmed 16147905						CN-00530007				Previous results have indicated that valsartan administration at bed-time, as opposed to upon wakening, improves the diurnal/nocturnal ratio of blood pressure (BP) toward a normal dipping pattern, without loss of 24 h efficacy. This ratio is characterized by a progressive decrease with aging. Accordingly, we investigated the administration time-dependent antihypertensive efficacy of valsartan, an angiotensin blocking agent, in elderly hypertensive patients. We studied 100 elderly patients with grade 1-2 essential hypertension (34 men and 66 women), 68.2+/-4.9 years of age, randomly assigned to receive valsartan (160 mg/d) as a monotherapy either upon awakening or at bed-time. BP was measured for 48 h by ambulatory monitoring, at 20 min intervals between 07:00 to 23:00 h and at 30 min intervals at night, before and after 3 months of therapy. Physical activity was simultaneously monitored every minute by wrist actigraphy to accurately determine the duration of sleep and wake spans to enable the accurate calculation of the diurnal and nocturnal means of BP for each subject. There was a highly significant BP reduction after 3 months of valsartan treatment (p < 0.001). The reduction was slightly larger with bed-time dosing (15.3 and 9.2 mm Hg reduction in the 24 h mean of systolic and diastolic BP, respectively) than with morning dosing (12.3 and 6.3 mm Hg reduction in the 24 h mean of systolic and diastolic BP, respectively). The diurnal/nocturnal ratio, measured as the nocturnal decline of BP relative to the diurnal mean, was unchanged in the group ingesting valsartan upon awakening (-1.0 and -0.3 for systolic and diastolic BP; p > 0.195). This ratio was significantly increased (6.6 and 5.4 for systolic and diastolic BP; p < 0.001) when valsartan was ingested at bed-time. The reduction of the nocturnal mean was doubled in the group ingesting valsartan at bed-time, as compared to the group ingesting it in the morning (p < 0.001). In elderly hypertensive patients, mainly characterized by a diminished nocturnal decline in BP, bed-time valsartan dosing is better than morning dosing since it improves efficacy during the nighttime sleep span, with the potential reduction in cardiovascular risk that has been associated with a normalized diurnal/nocturnal BP ratio.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/007/CN-00530007/frame.html										
K. E. Heron and J. M. Smyth	2010	Ecological momentary interventions: incorporating mobile technology into psychosocial and health behaviour treatments		British Journal of Health Psychology			15		Pt 1	1-39					Feb	Review		Ecological momentary interventions: incorporating mobile technology into psychosocial and health behaviour treatments	Br J Health Psychol	1359-107X					NIHMS158829
PMC2800172							19646331				PURPOSE: Psychosocial and health behaviour treatments and therapies can be extended beyond traditional research or clinical settings by using mobile technology to deliver interventions to individuals as they go about their daily lives. These ecological momentary interventions (EMIs) are treatments that are provided to people during their everyday lives (i.e. in real time) and in natural settings (i.e. real world). The goal of the present review is to synthesize and critique mobile technology-based EMI aimed at improving health behaviours and psychological and physical symptoms.
METHODS: Twenty-seven interventions using palmtop computers or mobile phones to deliver ambulatory treatment for smoking cessation, weight loss, anxiety, diabetes management, eating disorders, alcohol use, and healthy eating and physical activity were identified.
RESULTS: There is evidence that EMI can be successfully delivered, are accepted by patients, and are efficacious for treating a variety of health behaviours and physical and psychological symptoms. Limitations of the existing literature were identified and recommendations and considerations for research design, sample characteristics, measurement, statistical analyses, and clinical implementation are discussed.
CONCLUSIONS: Mobile technology-based EMI can be effectively implemented as interventions for a variety of health behaviours and psychological and physical symptoms. Future research should integrate the assessment and intervention capabilities of mobile technology to create dynamically and individually tailored EMI that are ecologically sensitive. [References: 74]	Heron, Kristin E
Smyth, Joshua M
F31 MH082564-01A2 (United States NIMH NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=19646331http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19646331&id=doi:10.1348%2F135910709X466063&issn=1359-107X&volume=15&issue=1&spage=1&pages=1-39&date=2010&title=British+Journal+of+Health+Psychology&atitle=Ecological+momentary+interventions%3A+incorporating+mobile+technology+into+psychosocial+and+health+behaviour+treatments.&aulast=Heron&pid=%3Cauthor%3EHeron+KE%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19646331%3C%2FAN%3E		Syracuse University, New York, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. Herrmann, T. Hart, C. Lee and B. Ainsworth	2011	Evaluation of the MyWellness Key accelerometer		British journal of sports medicine			45		2	109-13						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Evaluation of the MyWellness Key accelerometer								Pubmed 19736173						CN-00813636				OBJECTIVE: to examine the concurrent validity of the Technogym MyWellness Key accelerometer against objective and subjective physical activity (PA) measures. DESIGN: randomised, cross-sectional design with two phases. The laboratory phase compared the MyWellness Key with the ActiGraph GT1M and the Yamax SW200 Digiwalker pedometer during graded treadmill walking, increasing speed each minute. The free-living phase compared the MyWellness Key with the ActiGraph, Digiwalker, Bouchard Activity cord (BAR) and Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) for seven continuous days. Data were analysed using Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients for all comparisons. SETTING: laboratory and free-living phases. PARTICIPANTS: sixteen participants randomly stratified from 41 eligible respondents by sex (n=8 men; n=8 women) and PA levels (n=4 low, n=8 middle and n=4 high active). RESULTS: there was a strong association between the MyWellness Key and the ActiGraph accelerometer during controlled graded treadmill walking (r=0.91, p<0.01) and in free-living settings (r=0.73-0.76 for light to vigorous PA, respectively, p<0.01). No associations were observed between the MyWellness Key and the BAR and GPAQ (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: the MyWellness Key has a high concurrent validity with the ActiGraph accelerometer to detect PA in both controlled laboratory and free-living settings.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/636/CN-00813636/frame.html										
S. Hirata, R. Ono, M. Yamada, S. Takikawa, T. Nishiyama, K. Hasuda and M. Kurosaka	2006	Ambulatory physical activity, disease severity, and employment status in adult women with osteoarthritis of the hip		Journal of Rheumatology			33		5	939-45					May			Ambulatory physical activity, disease severity, and employment status in adult women with osteoarthritis of the hip	J Rheumatol	0315-162X												16652424				OBJECTIVE: To measure ambulatory physical activity and determine associations between physical inactivity and joint function, gait function, disease severity, and employment status in adult women with hip osteoarthritis (OA) living in the community.
METHODS: Sixty-five adult women with hip OA were recruited from an outpatient clinic. Ambulatory physical activity was measured using an activity monitor based on an accelerometer over 7 days, which estimated step counts, net energy expenditure, and time spent in activity by acceleration intensity. The Harris hip score, walking speed, and radiographic stage were assessed for joint function, gait function, and disease severity, respectively. Employment status was classified into unemployed and employed (sitting occupations and standing/walking occupations).
RESULTS: More than 40% of patients were classified as inactive, with less time spent in moderate-intensity activity (median 5.6 vs 22.9 min/day) compared with their counterparts. Employment status and the presence or absence of stage 4 (endstage) arthritis were independently associated with activity classification, and there was an interaction between these 2 variables; i.e., although stage 4 arthritis was associated with inactivity in patients who were unemployed, it bore no relationship in patients who were employed.
CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of adult women with hip OA were physically inactive, with a lack of moderate-intensity activity. The possible interaction between endstage OA and employment status requires further study to determine whether being at work negates the adverse effects of endstage OA or whether higher functioning due to physical activity enables patients with endstage OA to be employed.	Hirata, Soichiro
Ono, Rei
Yamada, Minoru
Takikawa, Satoshi
Nishiyama, Takayuki
Hasuda, Keiichiro
Kurosaka, Masahiro		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16652424http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:16652424&id=doi:&issn=0315-162X&volume=33&issue=5&spage=939&pages=939-45&date=2006&title=Journal+of+Rheumatology&atitle=Ambulatory+physical+activity%2C+disease+severity%2C+and+employment+status+in+adult+women+with+osteoarthritis+of+the+hip.&aulast=Hirata&pid=%3Cauthor%3EHirata+S%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E16652424%3C%2FAN%3E		Faculty of Health Sciences, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan. hirata@ams.kobe-u.ac.jp						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. V. Hiremath, D. Ding, J. Farringdon and R. A. Cooper	2012	Predicting energy expenditure of manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury using a multisensor-based activity monitor		Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation			93		11	1937-43					Nov	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Predicting energy expenditure of manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury using a multisensor-based activity monitor	Arch Phys Med Rehabil	1532-821X												22609119				OBJECTIVE: To develop and evaluate new energy expenditure (EE) prediction models for manual wheelchair users (MWUs) with spinal cord injury (SCI) based on a commercially available multisensor-based activity monitor.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional.
SETTING: Laboratory.
PARTICIPANTS: Volunteer sample of MWUs with SCI (N=45).
INTERVENTION: Subjects were asked to perform 4 activities including resting, wheelchair propulsion, arm-ergometer exercise, and deskwork. Criterion EE using a metabolic cart and raw sensor data from a multisensor activity monitor was collected during each of these activities.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Two new EE prediction models including a general model and an activity-specific model were developed using enhanced all-possible regressions on 36 MWUs and tested on the remaining 9 MWUs.
RESULTS: The activity-specific and general EE prediction models estimated the EE significantly better than the manufacturer's model. The average EE estimation error using the manufacturer's model and the new general and activity-specific models for all activities combined was -55.31% (overestimation), 2.30% (underestimation), and 4.85%, respectively. The average EE estimation error using the manufacturer's model, the new general model, and activity-specific models for various activities varied from -19.10% to -89.85%, -18.13% to 25.13%, and -4.31% to 9.93%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: The predictors for the new models were based on accelerometer and demographic variables, indicating that movement and subject parameters were necessary in estimating the EE. The results indicate that the multisensor activity monitor with new prediction models can be used to estimate EE in MWUs with SCI during wheelchair-related activities mentioned in this study. Copyright 2012 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Hiremath, Shivayogi V
Ding, Dan
Farringdon, Jonathan
Cooper, Rory A
S0003-9993(12)00325-5		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22609119http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22609119&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.apmr.2012.05.004&issn=0003-9993&volume=93&issue=11&spage=1937&pages=1937-43&date=2012&title=Archives+of+Physical+Medicine+%26+Rehabilitation&atitle=Predicting+energy+expenditure+of+manual+wheelchair+users+with+spinal+cord+injury+using+a+multisensor-based+activity+monitor.&aulast=Hiremath&pid=%3Cauthor%3EHiremath+SV%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22609119%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Human Engineering Research Laboratories, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. V. Hiremath, D. Ding, J. Farringdon, N. Vyas and R. A. Cooper	2013	Physical activity classification utilizing SenseWear activity monitor in manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury		Spinal Cord			51		9	705-9					Sep	Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Physical activity classification utilizing SenseWear activity monitor in manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury	Spinal Cord	1476-5624												23689386				STUDY DESIGN: Validation.
OBJECTIVES: The primary aim of this study was to develop and evaluate activity classification algorithms for a multisensor-based SenseWear (SW) activity monitor that can recognize wheelchair-related activities performed by manual wheelchair users (MWUs) with spinal cord injury (SCI). The secondary aim was to evaluate how the accuracy in activity classification affects the estimation of energy expenditure (EE) in MWUs with SCI.
SETTING: University-based laboratory.
METHODS: Forty-five MWUs with SCI wore a SW on their upper arm and participated in resting, wheelchair propulsion, arm-ergometery and deskwork activities. The investigators annotated the start and end of each activity trial while the SW collected multisensor data and a portable metabolic cart collected criterion EE. Three methods including linear discriminant analysis, quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), and Naive Bayes (NB) were used to develop classification algorithms for four activities based on the training data set from 36 subjects.
RESULTS: The classification accuracy was 96.3% for QDA and 94.8% for NB when the classification algorithms were tested on the validation data set from nine subjects. The average EE estimation errors using the activity-specific EE prediction model were 5.3+21.5% and 4.6+22.8% when the QDA and NB classification algorithms were applied, respectively, as opposed to 4.9+20.7% when 100% classification accuracy was assumed.
CONCLUSION: The high classification accuracy and low EE estimation errors suggest that the SW can be used by researchers and clinicians to classify and estimate the EE for the four activities tested in this study among MWUs with SCI.	Hiremath, S V
Ding, D
Farringdon, J
Vyas, N
Cooper, R A
H133E120005 (United States PHS HHS)
H133FL10032 (United States PHS HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23689386http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23689386&id=doi:10.1038%2Fsc.2013.39&issn=1362-4393&volume=51&issue=9&spage=705&pages=705-9&date=2013&title=Spinal+Cord&atitle=Physical+activity+classification+utilizing+SenseWear+activity+monitor+in+manual+wheelchair+users+with+spinal+cord+injury.&aulast=Hiremath&pid=%3Cauthor%3EHiremath+SV%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23689386%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Veterans Affairs, Human Engineering Research Laboratories, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

N. Hjortskov, J. Skotte, C. Hye-Knudsen and N. Fallentin	2005	Sympathetic outflow enhances the stretch reflex response in the relaxed soleus muscle in humans		Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)			98		4	1366-70						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Sympathetic outflow enhances the stretch reflex response in the relaxed soleus muscle in humans								Pubmed 15542572						CN-00514154				Animal experiments suggest that an increase in sympathetic outflow can depress muscle spindle sensitivity and thus modulate the stretch reflex response. The results are, however, controversial, and human studies have failed to demonstrate a direct influence of the sympathetic nervous system on the sensitivity of muscle spindles. We studied the effect of increased sympathetic outflow on the short-latency stretch reflex in the soleus muscle evoked by tapping the Achilles tendon. Nine subjects performed three maneuvers causing a sustained activation of sympathetic outflow to the leg: 3 min of static handgrip exercise at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction, followed by 3 min of posthandgrip ischemia, and finally during a 3-min mental arithmetic task. Electromyography was measured from the soleus muscle with bipolar surface electrodes during the Achilles tendon tapping, and beat-to-beat changes in heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure were monitored continuously. Mean arterial pressure was significantly elevated during all three maneuvers, whereas heart rate was significantly elevated during static handgrip exercise and mental arithmetic but not during posthandgrip ischemia. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the short-latency stretch reflex was significantly increased during mental arithmetic (P < 0.05), static handgrip exercise (P < 0.001), and posthandgrip ischemia (P < 0.005). When expressed in percent change from rest, the mean peak-to-peak amplitude increased by 111 (SD 100)% during mental arithmetic, by 160 (SD 103)% during static handgrip exercise, and by 90 (SD 67)% during posthandgrip ischemia. The study clearly indicates a facilitation of the short-latency stretch reflex during increased sympathetic outflow. We note that the enhanced stretch reflex responses observed in relaxed muscles in the absence of skeletomotor activity support the idea that the sympathetic nervous system can exert a direct influence on the human muscle spindles.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/154/CN-00514154/frame.html										
E. Hoberg, G. Schuler, B. Kunze, A. Obermoser, K. Hauer, H. Mautner, G. Schlierf and W. Kübler	1990	Silent myocardial ischemia as a potential link between lack of premonitoring symptoms and increased risk of cardiac arrest during physical stress		American journal of cardiology			65		9	583-9						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Silent myocardial ischemia as a potential link between lack of premonitoring symptoms and increased risk of cardiac arrest during physical stress								Pubmed 2178382						CN-00066104				The risk of cardiac arrest is increased during strenuous physical exercise in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Because premonitoring symptoms are rarely observed, silent myocardial ischemia may represent the pathophysiological basis for the induction of malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Holter monitoring was, therefore, performed in 40 consecutive patients entering a randomized intervention trial on progression of CAD. In 20 of 21 participants (95%) in the intervention program greater than or equal to 1 episode of silent myocardial ischemia was observed during the initial training session. The mean duration of silent myocardial ischemia per patient was 25 +/- 13 min/hr of training session. During normal daily activity only 5 patients (24%) experienced greater than or equal to 1 episode of silent myocardial ischemia (p less than 0.001) yielding a mean duration of 0.6 +/- 1.3 minutes of silent myocardial ischemia/hr of ordinary activity per patient (p less than 0.001 vs training session). During a control period of 24 hours without exercise training the incidence (33%) and mean duration of silent myocardial ischemia (0.8 +/- 2.1 min/hr/patient) were similar to those during normal daily activity on the day of the training session. During the training session the occurrence of frequent or repetitive ventricular arrhythmias was related to 10 silent myocardial ischemia episodes detected in 5 patients. During normal daily activity in 1 patient only was the onset of malignant ventricular arrhythmias associated with silent myocardial ischemia (p less than 0.05). Conditions and results of the Holter studies in the control group patients were comparable to those of the patients in the intervention group on the day without physical exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/104/CN-00066104/frame.html										
K. Hofmann-Kiefer, T. Eiser, D. Chappell, S. Leuschner, P. Conzen and D. Schwender	2008	Does patient-controlled continuous interscalene block improve early functional rehabilitation after open shoulder surgery?		Anesthesia and analgesia			106		3	991-6, table of contents						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Does patient-controlled continuous interscalene block improve early functional rehabilitation after open shoulder surgery?								Pubmed 18292451						CN-00630280				BACKGROUND: Early mobilization after shoulder surgery plays a vital role in successful functional rehabilitation. However, postoperative pain often reduces, or even prevents, effective physiotherapy. We investigated the effect of analgesia via patient-controlled interscalene technique on early functional rehabilitation after open shoulder surgery. METHODS: Eighty-seven patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: patient-controlled continuous interscalene block (PCISB) and patient-controlled i.v. (opioid) analgesia (PCA). Interscalene block was performed preoperatively; otherwise analgesic protocols were started in the postanesthesia care unit and were continued for 72 h. Physiotherapy was performed for 60 min a day on day 2 and 3 after surgery according to a standardized protocol. Maximum mobility was defined as the range of motion that could be achieved with pain as the limiting factor. Efficiency of functional rehabilitation was evaluated 1 day before and 3 days after surgery with the help of a multimodal scoring system (Constant-Score) that evaluates pain, daily life activity, strength and range of motion. Maximum intensity of pain was also monitored via Visual Analog Scales for the first 72 h after surgery and during in-hospital physiotherapy. RESULTS: Constant-Score rates were significantly improved by the interscalene block. However, no significant differences in mobility and strength sub-scores were observed between the groups. Compared with PCA, PCISB proved to be beneficial concerning pain at rest at 6 h (P < 0.001), 24 h (P = 0.044), and 72 h (P = 0.013) and for pain during physiotherapy at 48 h after surgery (P = 0.016). CONCLUSION: Compared with opioid-based PCA, PCISB improved analgesia, but not function, during early rehabilitation of the shoulder joint.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/280/CN-00630280/frame.html										
E. Hohmann, K. Wörtler and A. Imhoff	2005	[Osteoarthritis from long-distance running?]		Sportverletzung Sportschaden : Organ der Gesellschaft für Orthopädisch-Traumatologische Sportmedizin			19		2	89-93						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; English Abstract;		[Osteoarthritis from long-distance running?]								Pubmed 15918131						CN-00522136				Long distance running has become a fashionable recreational activity. This study investigated the effects of external impact loading on bone and cartilage introduced by performing a marathon race. Seven beginners were compared to six experienced recreational long distance runners and two professional athletes. All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the hip and knee before and after a marathon run. Coronal T1 weighted and STIR sequences were used. The pre MRI served as a baseline investigation and monitored the training effect. All athletes demonstrated normal findings in the pre run scan. All but one athlete in the beginner group demonstrated joint effusions after the race. The experienced and professional runners failed to demonstrate pathology in the post run scans. Recreational and professional long distance runners tolerate high impact forces well. Beginners demonstrate significant changes on the post run scans. Whether those findings are a result of inadequate training (miles and duration) warrant further studies. We conclude that adequate endurance training results in adaptation mechanisms that allow the athlete to compensate for the stresses introduced by long distance running and do not predispose to the onset of osteoarthritis. Significant malalignment of the lower extremity may cause increased focal loading of joint and cartilage.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/136/CN-00522136/frame.html										
O. Holland, L. Kuhnert, J. Pollard, M. Padia, R. Anderson and G. Blomqvist	1988	Ventricular ectopic activity with diuretic therapy		American journal of hypertension			1		4 Pt 1	380-5						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Ventricular ectopic activity with diuretic therapy								Pubmed 3063288						CN-00057482				The arrhythmogenic potential of diuretic-induced hypokalemia in patients with uncomplicated hypertension has been controversial. Thirty-two hypertensive patients with previous diuretic-induced hypokalemia, normal 24-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring, and normal exercise testing were treated with 100 mg hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) daily (Group 1) to induce hypokalemia or with a combination of HCTZ with amiloride (Group 2) to attempt to maintain plasma potassium levels in the normal range during diuretic therapy. Those Group 1 patients (Group 1A) with increased ventricular ectopic activity (VEA) during HCTZ therapy were subsequently potassium-repleted with amiloride and with supplemental potassium chloride to evaluate the effect of these treatments on VEA. One Group 1 patient died suddenly after 12 days of HCTZ therapy. Autopsy findings suggested an arrhythmic death. Six Group 1 patients who had increased VEA with HCTZ treatment had reductions in VEA with amiloride or supplemental potassium chloride. Group 2 patients did not have a significant increase in VEA. Thus, diuretic therapy appears to cause VEA primarily by electrolyte changes that are induced.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/482/CN-00057482/frame.html										
R. Hollowell, L. Willis, C. Slentz, J. Topping, M. Bhakpar and W. Kraus	2009	Effects of exercise training amount on physical activity energy expenditure		Medicine and science in sports and exercise			41		8	1640-4						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Effects of exercise training amount on physical activity energy expenditure								Pubmed 19568195						CN-00721731				INTRODUCTION: We examined the effects of three exercise training interventions on total physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) or nonexercise PAEE in a randomized controlled trial where sedentary, overweight, and obese men and women were assigned to inactive control, low-amount/moderate-intensity, low-amount/vigorous-intensity, or high-amount/vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise. METHODS: To measure PAEE, triaxial RT3 accelerometers were worn by subjects for 7 d at the beginning and end of an 8-month exercise intervention. In total, 50 subjects (control, n = 8; two low-amount groups, n = 28; high-amount group, n = 14) had usable PAEE data collected at both time points. RESULTS: At baseline, subjects had an average age of 53.2 yr, had a body mass index of 29.7 kg x m(-2), and a relative peak VO2 of 28.7 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1). There were no significant differences between groups at baseline. After the intervention, average change in total PAEE was 8.4 +/- 20.9 kJ x h(-1) for controls, 58.6 +/- 20.9 kJ x h(-1) for the two low-amount groups, and 138.1 +/- 33.5 kJ x h(-1) for the high-amount group (means +/- SE). The high-amount group experienced a significantly greater increase in total PAEE compared with the controls (P = 0.02). As expected, total PAEE increased with increasing exercise volume. Average change in nonexercise PAEE was 8.4 +/- 20.9 kJ x h(-1) for control, 25.1 +/- 20.9 kJ x h(-1) for the low-amount groups combined, and 62.8 +/- 29.3 kJ x h(-1) for the high-amount group. There was no statistically significant difference in change of nonexercise PAEE among groups. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that in middle-aged overweight or obese subjects participating in an extended exercise intervention, total PAEE increased, and there was no compensatory decrease in nonexercise PAEE.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/731/CN-00721731/frame.html										
I. Holme, A. Høstmark and S. Anderssen	2007	ApoB but not LDL-cholesterol is reduced by exercise training in overweight healthy men. Results from the 1-year randomized Oslo Diet and Exercise Study		Journal of internal medicine			262		2	235-43						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		ApoB but not LDL-cholesterol is reduced by exercise training in overweight healthy men. Results from the 1-year randomized Oslo Diet and Exercise Study								Pubmed 17645591						CN-00610769				OBJECTIVES: (i) To estimate changes in apoB and apoB/apoA-I, reflecting the balance between atherogenic and anti-atherogenic lipoprotein particles, by exercise training and compare with changes in LDL-C and TC/HDL-C ratio, and (ii) To compare strengths of relationships between physical fitness and various lipoprotein variables. DESIGN, SETTING, AND SUBJECTS: The study was a 1-year open randomized trial comprising 219 healthy middle-aged subjects aged 40-49 years who were allocated to exercise or no exercise, dietary advice or no advice in a 2 x 2 factorial design. This study includes 188 men who completed the trial, 45 to diet, 48 to exercise, 58 to diet + exercise and 37 to control. INTERVENTIONS: Exercise; supervised endurance exercise three times a week. Diet; reduce weight, increase intake of fish and reduce total fat intake. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: One-year change in apoB and apoB/apoA-I ratio. RESULTS: Exercisers decreased their ApoB and ApoB/ApoA-I values significantly compared to non-exercisers. LDL-C was not, but LDL-C/HDL-C was marginally but statistically significantly reduced by exercise. One-year change in ApoB and ApoB/ApoA-I correlated more strongly to 1-year changes in physical fitness than LDL-C or LDL-C/HDL-C. Adjusting for changes in LDL-C or LDL-C/HDL-C did not influence the correlation between changes in fitness and ApoB or ApoB/ApoA-I. However, adjusting for changes in ApoB or ApoB/ApoA-I wiped out the correlation between change in fitness and LDL-C or LDL-C/HDL-C. Relationships weakened when adjusting for changes in waist circumference, but Apo B or ApoB/ApoA-I still correlated significantly to changes in fitness. CONCLUSION: Physical exercise reduced the atherogenic burden as experienced by the reduction in apoB or apoB/apoA-I levels, but not by LDL-C in healthy middle-aged men. Possibly, regular physical activity might increase the LDL-C particle size, thereby making LDL less atherogenic. Monitoring of apolipoproteins rather than the cholesterol moiety of lipoproteins might improve the assessment of lipoprotein changes after exercise training.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/769/CN-00610769/frame.html										
M. E. Holtebekk, S. Berntsen, M. Rasmussen and R. B. Jahnsen	2013	Physical activity and motor function in children and adolescents with neuromuscular disorders		Pediatric Physical Therapy			25		4	415-20								Physical activity and motor function in children and adolescents with neuromuscular disorders	Pediatr	1538-005X												23995671				PURPOSE: To determine physical function and activity level in children and adolescents with neuromuscular disorders.
METHODS: Seventeen children and adolescents aged 10 to 18 years with neuromuscular disorders who were ambulatory participated. Physical function was measured using the Hammersmith Motor Ability Scale and the Six-Minute Walk Test. Physical activity (PA) level was measured using the SenseWear Armband activity monitor. Activities were recorded using a questionnaire. Results were compared with previous data published for peers who are healthy and public recommendations.
RESULTS: Hammersmith Motor Ability Scale scores were lower than normal values. Results of the Six-Minute Walk Test were considerably lower than results for peers who are healthy. Time in PA and the number of steps were considerably lower on holidays and slightly lower on weekdays compared with the values for peers who are healthy. No vigorous activity was registered.
CONCLUSIONS: The participants had lower physical function and PA levels than peers who are healthy. The small, heterogeneous sample makes generalizations challenging and multicenter studies are recommended.	Holtebekk, M Elizabeth
Berntsen, Sveinung
Rasmussen, Magnhild
Jahnsen, Reidun B
Comment in: Pediatr Phys Ther. 2013 Winter;25(4):421; PMID: 24076628		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23995671http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23995671&id=doi:10.1097%2FPEP.0b013e3182a635f0&issn=0898-5669&volume=25&issue=4&spage=415&pages=415-20&date=2013&title=Pediatric+Physical+Therapy&atitle=Physical+activity+and+motor+function+in+children+and+adolescents+with+neuromuscular+disorders.&aulast=Holtebekk&pid=%3Cauthor%3EHoltebekk+ME%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23995671%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Child Neurology (Ms Holtebekk and Drs Rasmussen and Jahnsen), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Department of Public Health (Dr Berntsen), Sport and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. P. Hooker, A. Feeney, B. Hutto, K. A. Pfeiffer, K. McIver, D. P. Heil, J. E. Vena, M. J. Lamonte and S. N. Blair	2011	Validation of the actical activity monitor in middle-aged and older adults		Journal of Physical Activity & Health			8		3	372-81					Mar	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Validation Studies		Validation of the actical activity monitor in middle-aged and older adults	J Phys Act Health	1543-3080												21487136				PURPOSE: This study was designed to validate the Actical activity monitor in middle-aged and older adults of varying body composition to develop accelerometer thresholds to distinguish between light and moderate intensity physical activity (PA).
METHODS: Nonobese 45 to 64 yr (N = 29), obese 45 to 64 yr (N = 21), and >65 yr (N = 23; varying body composition) participants completed laboratory-based sitting, household, and locomotive activities while wearing an Actical monitor and a portable metabolic measurement system. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to identify activity count (AC) cut-points to differentiate between light intensity (<3 METs) and moderate intensity (>3METs) PA.
RESULTS: Using group-specific algorithms, AC cut points for 3 METs were 1634, 1107, and 431 for the obese 45 to 64 yr group, nonobese 45 to 64 yr group, and >65 yr group, respectively. However, sensitivity and specificity analysis revealed that an AC cut-point of 1065 yielded similar accuracy for detecting an activity as less than or greater than 3 METs, regardless of age and body composition.
CONCLUSION: For the Actical activity monitor, an AC cut-point of 1065 can be used to determine light and moderate intensity PA in people >45 years of age.	Hooker, Steven P
Feeney, Anna
Hutto, Brent
Pfeiffer, Karin A
McIver, Kerry
Heil, Daniel P
Vena, John E
Lamonte, Michael J
Blair, Steven N		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21487136http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21487136&id=doi:&issn=1543-3080&volume=8&issue=3&spage=372&pages=372-81&date=2011&title=Journal+of+Physical+Activity+%26+Health&atitle=Validation+of+the+actical+activity+monitor+in+middle-aged+and+older+adults.&aulast=Hooker&pid=%3Cauthor%3EHooker+SP%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21487136%3C%2FAN%3E		Prevention Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. Hordern, J. Coombes, L. Cooney, L. Jeffriess, J. Prins and T. Marwick	2009	Effects of exercise intervention on myocardial function in type 2 diabetes		Heart (British Cardiac Society)			95		16	1343-9						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of exercise intervention on myocardial function in type 2 diabetes								Pubmed 19429570						CN-00732502				OBJECTIVE: To identify the effects of a 1-year exercise intervention on myocardial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial, the Diabetes Lifestyle Intervention Study. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: 223 T2DM patients without occult coronary artery disease, aged 18-75 were randomised to an exercise training group (n = 111) or a usual care group (n = 112). Complete follow-up data were available in 176 (88 exercise, 88 usual care). INTERVENTIONS: Exercise training consisted of gym, followed by telephone-monitored home-based exercise training. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Tissue Doppler-derived myocardial velocities, strain-rate and strain, body composition, glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)), maximum oxygen consumption (VO(2max)) and physical activity. RESULTS: Overall changes in myocardial function were not different between groups despite improvements in waist circumference, fat mass, blood glucose, HbA(1c), insulin sensitivity, VO(2max) and 6-minute walk distance in the intervention group (p<0.05). The latter also spent significantly more time in vigorous activity (p<0.05). A post-hoc analysis revealed that intervention patients who spent more time in both moderate and vigorous activity showed a significant improvement in myocardial tissue velocity (p<0.01), HbA(1c) (p = 0.03) and VO(2max) (p = 0.03) compared to controls. Myocardial strain rate (p = 0.03) and HbA(1c) improved in intervention patients with the greatest increase in moderate activity (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with T2DM, current exercise recommendations led to an improvement in metabolic function, but failed to improve myocardial function in the overall group. Patients with greater increases in both moderate and vigorous activity showed improvements in myocardial function, glycaemic control and cardiorespiratory fitness. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12607000060448.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/502/CN-00732502/frame.html										
H. L. Horemans, J. B. Bussmann, A. Beelen, H. J. Stam and F. Nollet	2005	Walking in postpoliomyelitis syndrome: the relationships between time-scored tests, walking in daily life and perceived mobility problems		Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine			37		3	142-6					May	Comparative Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Walking in postpoliomyelitis syndrome: the relationships between time-scored tests, walking in daily life and perceived mobility problems	J Rehabil Med	1650-1977												16040470				OBJECTIVE: To compare walking test results with walking in daily life, and to investigate the relationships between walking tests, walking activity in daily life, and perceived mobility problems in patients with post-poliomyelitis syndrome.
SUBJECTS: Twenty-four ambulant patients with post-poliomyelitis syndrome.
METHODS: Walking tests were performed at self-preferred and maximal speed. Walking activity was measured with an ambulatory activity monitor. Heart rate, step cadence and walking speed in the test and in daily life were compared. Walking speed in daily life was represented by the intensity of walking. Perceived mobility problems were assessed with the Nottingham Health Profile.
RESULTS: Heart rate during walking was lower in the test at self-preferred speed than in daily life (mean difference: 11.3+/-10.4; p=0.001). Self-preferred walking speed in the test and in daily life correlated significantly (r=0.55; p=0.04). In a sub-group with a test performance below the median value, test performance correlated significantly with walking activity. No significant correlation was found between perceived mobility problems and walking activity.
CONCLUSION: Walking in daily life may be more demanding than walking under standardized conditions. Patients with post-poliomyelitis syndrome with the lowest test performance walked less in daily life. Patients do not necessarily match their activity pattern to their perceived mobility problems.	Horemans, Herwin L D
Bussmann, Johannes B J
Beelen, Anita
Stam, Henk J
Nollet, Frans		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16040470http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:16040470&id=doi:&issn=1650-1977&volume=37&issue=3&spage=142&pages=142-6&date=2005&title=Journal+of+Rehabilitation+Medicine&atitle=Walking+in+postpoliomyelitis+syndrome%3A+the+relationships+between+time-scored+tests%2C+walking+in+daily+life+and+perceived+mobility+problems.&aulast=Horemans&pid=%3Cauthor%3EHoremans+HL%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E16040470%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. h.l.d.horemans@erasmusmc.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

T. Hortobágyi, J. Barrier, D. Beard, J. Braspennincx, P. Koens, P. Devita, L. Dempsey and J. Lambert	1996	Greater initial adaptations to submaximal muscle lengthening than maximal shortening		Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)			81		4	1677-82						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Greater initial adaptations to submaximal muscle lengthening than maximal shortening								Pubmed 8904586						CN-00133117				The purpose of this study was to compare the short-term strength and neural adaptations to eccentric and concentric training at equal force levels. Forty-two sedentary women (age = 21.5 yr) were ranked based on the initial quadriceps strength score, and trios of subjects were randomly assigned to either an eccentric (n = 14), a concentric (n = 14), or a nonexercising control group (n = 14). Training involved a total of 824 eccentric or concentric quadriceps actions at 1.05 rad.s-1 administered in four sets of 6-10 repetitions, four times per week for 6 wk. Before and after training, all subjects were tested for unilateral maximal isometric and eccentric and concentric actions at 1.05 rad.s-1 and for a 40-repetition eccentric and concentric fatigue series of the left and right quadriceps. Surface electromyographic activity of the vastus lateralis and medialis was monitored during testing. Concentric training increased concentric (36%, P < 0.05), isometric (18%, P < 0.05), and eccentric strength (13%), and eccentric training increased eccentric (42%, P < 0.05), isometric (30%, P < 0.05), and concentric (13%) strength. Eccentric training improved eccentric and isometric strength more (P < 0.05) than did concentric training. The electromyographic adaptations were greater with eccentric training. Cross-education was 6%, and neither training mode modified fatigability. The data suggest that training of the quadriceps muscle with submaximal eccentric actions brings about greater strength adaptations faster than does training with maximal-level concentric actions in women. This greater adaptation is likely to be mediated by both mechanical and neural factors.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/117/CN-00133117/frame.html										
B. Howard, J. Hannah, C. Heiser and K. Jablonski	1995	Effects of sex and ethnicity on responses to a low-fat diet: a study of African Americans and whites		American journal of clinical nutrition			62		2	488s-492s						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Effects of sex and ethnicity on responses to a low-fat diet: a study of African Americans and whites								Pubmed 7625364						CN-00116561				The effects of sex and ethnicity on plasma lipoprotein changes that occur with low-fat diets were studied in 34 African American subjects (20 women, 14 men) and 29 white subjects (13 women, 16 men) aged 25-62 y with moderate hypercholesterolemia. A baseline diet containing 37% fat (15% saturated) was compared with four experimental diets containing 30% fat (10% saturated) with reciprocally varying contents of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. Diets were fed for 6 wk each, and all food and beverages provided and compliance were intensively monitored. Body weight and physical activity were held constant. Lowering of total and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol were similar between women and men and between African Americans and whites. Small differences were observed between women and men in the extent of high-density lipoprotein lowering and triacylglycerol elevations. Additionally, African American subjects had slightly higher triacylglycerol elevations than did white subjects. Results suggest that men and women of varied ethnic backgrounds should respond similarly to cholesterol-lowering diets. Studies are required to develop strategies for achieving dietary changes that consider diverse eating patterns and cultural barriers to dietary adherence.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/561/CN-00116561/frame.html										
K. Hoye, F. Boen and J. Lefevre	2012	The effects of physical activity feedback on behavior and awareness in employees: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial														Journal: Article		The effects of physical activity feedback on behavior and awareness in employees: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial														CN-00901661				Purpose. The SenseWear Armband (SWA) is a multisensor activity monitor that can be used in daily life to assess an individual's physical activity level (PAL). The primary goal of this study was to analyze the impact of different types of feedback on the PAL of Flemish employees. Methods/Design. We recruited 320 sedentary employees (age, 41.0 + 10.7 years; BMI, 26.2 + 4.2 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) to participate in the 12-month study. Participants were randomized into one of four intervention groups after being measured for 7 days and nights by means of the SWA: (1) a minimal intervention group received no feedback (MIG, n = 56); (2) a pedometer group was provided only information on their daily step count (PG, n = 57); (3) a display group received feedback on calories burned, steps taken, and minutes of physical activity by means of the SWA display (DG, n = 57); (4) a coaching group also received the display and had weekly meetings with a Personal Coach (CoachG, n = 57). We hypothesize that participants receiving feedback (SG, DG, and CoachG) will have a greater increase in physical activity outcome variables compared to participants of the minimal intervention group. Copyright 2012 Karen Van Hoye et al.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/661/CN-00901661/frame.html										
R. Hoyt, T. Jones, C. Baker-Fulco, D. Schoeller, R. Schoene, R. Schwartz, E. Askew and A. Cymerman	1994	Doubly labeled water measurement of human energy expenditure during exercise at high altitude		American journal of physiology			266		3 Pt 2	R966-71						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Doubly labeled water measurement of human energy expenditure during exercise at high altitude								Pubmed 8160893						CN-00100682				Estimates of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) by the doubly labeled water (DLW, 2H(2)18O) and intake balance (I-B) methods were compared in six male soldiers studied over 6 days that included 5 days of strenuous winter exercise at 2,500- to 3,100-m elevation. Use of body energy stores [-9.54 +/- 1.54 (SD) MJ/day or -2,280 +/- 368 kcal/day] was estimated from changes in body weight, body density (hydrodensitometry), and total body water (H(2)18O dilution). The subjects wore computerized activity monitors and kept daily records of ration consumption (9.87 +/- 3.60 MJ/day or 2,359 +/- 860 kcal/day). Accuracy of individual DLW and I-B TDEE values was estimated from the correlations of TDEE with fat-free mass (FFM) or total weight (body wt + load). The DLW and I-B estimates of TDEE differed by -12.0 to 15.2% but provided comparable estimates of group mean TDEE (DLW = 19.07 +/- 2.37 MJ/day or 4,558 +/- 566 kcal/day; I-B = 19.41 +/- 3.72 MJ/day or 4,639 +/- 889 kcal/day; P > 0.05). The DLW TDEE was correlated with both FFM (r2 = 0.89, P < 0.01, power = 0.95) and total weight (r2 = 0.95, P < 0.01, power = 0.99), whereas I-B TDEE was correlated only with total weight (r2 = 0.75, P < 0.03, power = 0.81). Under adverse field conditions the DLW method provided individual TDEE estimates that were probably more accurate than those provided by the I-B method.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/682/CN-00100682/frame.html										
B. Hua, P. Ryan, D. Varma, R. Belski, L. Nelson, A. Hayes and K. O'Brien	2014	Efficacy of a Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment for patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled pilot trial		European Journal of Integrative Medicine			5		6	553-60						Journal: Article		Efficacy of a Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment for patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled pilot trial														CN-00910896				Introduction: Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is a popular alternative therapy for osteoarthritis (OA), however the majority of CHM efficacy studies have been methodologically inadequate. This study was the first randomised, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial of a CHM formula in an Australian OA population. Methods: Eligible participants were randomised to receive either CHM or placebo over 12 weeks, with a one month follow-up. Each subject attended a total of six clinic visits. Study participants and investigators were both blinded to the block randomisation number code until the statistical analyses were completed. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis (WOMAC) Index was used as the primary outcome variable. Safety monitoring was conducted throughout the study. Results: 47 participants were recruited into the study. The study had a 62% power to detect a significant difference in the primary outcome variable. Within-group analyses indicated significant improvements (p< 0.05) in terms of change of the WOMAC indices of pain, physical activity and total score in both groups, but there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) between the groups. The effectiveness of the CHM formula was maintained in the follow-up period but not in the placebo group. Safety data indicated the CHM was safe and well tolerated. Conclusions: There is some limited indication of a therapeutic effect for the CHM. Larger scale studies over a longer time period are required. This article belongs to the Special Issue: 'IG000020'. 2013 Elsevier GmbH.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/896/CN-00910896/frame.html										
G. Huang, C. Thompson and W. Osness	2006	Influence of a 10-week controlled exercise program on resting blood pressure in sedentary older adults		Journal of applied research			6		3	188-95						Journal: Article		Influence of a 10-week controlled exercise program on resting blood pressure in sedentary older adults														CN-00613365				Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a 10-week controlled aerobic exercise program on resting blood pressure (BP) and magnitude of BP change response to such training in sedentary elderly individuals. Methods: Previously sedentary participants aged 75 years and older were randomized to either a control or one of two exercise groups. Subjects in exercise groups performed aerobic exercise at moderate or high intensity, 3 days per week for 40 minutes per session. Resting BP was measured in sitting position at pre- and post-intervention. Results: The high-intensity exercise group showed a significant reduction in resting systolic BP (-7.8 mmHg) and diastolic BP (-9.6 mmHg). Significant BP decreases for the moderate-intensity exercise group were only observed on diastolic BP (-8.4 mmHg) but not systolic BP (-5.2 mmHg, P = 0.25). Conclusion: The data suggest that the lowering effect of a 10-week aerobic exercise program on resting systolic BP may be closely related to the training intensity. However, other regimens may have influence on the reduction of resting diastolic BP.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/365/CN-00613365/frame.html										
C. Hultquist, A. Meyers, J. Whelan, R. Klesges, H. Peacher-Ryan and M. DeBon	1995	The effect of smoking and light activity on metabolism in men		Health psychology			14		2	124-31						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		The effect of smoking and light activity on metabolism in men								Pubmed 7789347						CN-00115244				This experiment examined the metabolic effects of smoking during rest and light activity under naturalistic conditions. Thirty-nine male subjects first completed a submaximal graded exercise treadmill test to standardize activity level. Then 3 groups of subjects--smokers smoking (SS), smokers not smoking (SNS), and nonsmokers (NS)--were exposed to 3 stages of rest or 3 stages of light activity with order of rest or activity randomly determined over 2 different days. Energy expenditure was monitored continuously during these sessions. Significant increases in smokers' energy expenditure were observed during light activity when compared with smokers not smoking and nonsmokers. No differences were identified among groups at rest. These findings strengthen the conclusion that smoking or its components contribute to metabolic changes during typical levels of daily activity and suggest a mechanism for the frequently observed relationship between smoking status and body weight.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/244/CN-00115244/frame.html										
C. Hultquist, C. Albright and D. Thompson	2005	Comparison of walking recommendations in previously inactive women		Medicine and science in sports and exercise			37		4	676-83						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Comparison of walking recommendations in previously inactive women								Pubmed 15809569						CN-00512485				PURPOSE: To compare the number of steps accumulated by women instructed to walk 10,000 steps per day (10K group) with those told to take a brisk 30-min walk on most, preferably all, days of the week (30-min group). METHODS: Daily steps were compared for 58 sedentary women (mean age 45.0+/-6.0 yr) randomly assigned to either the 10K or the 30-min group. Subjects wore a sealed pedometer for 2 wk for baseline physical activity assessment. Those averaging <or=7000 steps per day were randomly assigned to a group for the 4-wk intervention. All subjects wore a sealed pedometer capable of storing 7 d of data, and reported to the laboratory each week so that investigators could gather step counts. The 10K group wore a second pedometer for viewing their daily steps. RESULTS: There were no differences (P>0.05) between the groups for baseline steps. During the intervention, there was a significant difference (P<0.005) between groups in daily steps. The 30-min group walked 8270+/-354 steps per day, and the 10K group walked 10,159+/-292 steps per day. The 30-min group averaged 9505+/-326 steps per day on the days that a 30-min walk occurred, and 5597+/-363 steps per day when no walk occurred (P<0.05). The 10K group averaged 11,775+/-207 steps on days when they walked at least 10,000 steps, and 7780+/-231 steps on days that their target was not achieved (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Women walk more when told to take 10,000 steps per day compared with those instructed to take a brisk 30-min walk. On days when women took a 30-min walk, their average step count was near 10,000.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/485/CN-00512485/frame.html										
R. Hunter, M. Tully, M. Davis, M. Stevenson and F. Kee	2014	Physical activity loyalty cards for behavior change: a quasi-experimental study		American journal of preventive medicine			45		1	56-63						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Physical activity loyalty cards for behavior change: a quasi-experimental study								Pubmed 23790989						CN-00983398				BACKGROUND: Financial incentives have been advocated by the UK and U.S. governments to encourage adoption of healthy lifestyles. However, evidence to support the use of incentives for changing physical activity (PA) behavior is sparse. PURPOSE: To investigate the effectiveness of financial incentives to increase PA in adults in the workplace. DESIGN: Two-arm quasi-experimental design. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Employees (n=406) in a workplace setting in Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK. INTERVENTION: Using a loyalty card to collect points and earn rewards, participants (n=199) in the Incentive Group monitored their PA levels and received financial incentives (retail vouchers) for minutes of PA completed over the course of a 12-week intervention period. Participants (n=207) in the comparison group used their loyalty card to self-monitor their PA levels but were not able to earn points or obtain incentives (No Incentive Group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was minutes of PA objectively measured using a novel PA tracking system at baseline (April 2011); Week 6 (June 2011); and Week 12 (July 2011). Other outcomes, including a self-report measure of PA, were collected at baseline, Week 12, and 6 months (October 2011). Data were analyzed in June 2012. RESULTS: No significant differences between groups were found for primary or secondary outcomes at the 12-week and 6-month assessments. Participants in the Incentive Group recorded 17.52 minutes of PA/week (95% CI=12.49, 22.56) compared to 16.63 minutes/week (95% CI=11.76, 21.51) in the No Incentive Group at Week 12 (p=0.59). At 6 months, participants in the Incentive Group recorded 26.18 minutes of PA/week (95% CI=20.06, 32.29) compared to 24.00 minutes/week (95% CI=17.45, 30.54) in the No Incentive Group (p=0.45). CONCLUSIONS: Financial incentives did not encourage participants to undertake more PA than self-monitoring PA. This study contributes to the evidence base and has important implications for increasing participation in physical activity and fostering links with the business sector.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/398/CN-00983398/frame.html										
R. Hursel, F. Rutters, H. Gonnissen, E. Martens and M. Westerterp-Plantenga	2011	Effects of sleep fragmentation in healthy men on energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, physical activity, and exhaustion measured over 48 h in a respiratory chamber		American journal of clinical nutrition			94		3	804-8						Randomized Controlled Trial		Effects of sleep fragmentation in healthy men on energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, physical activity, and exhaustion measured over 48 h in a respiratory chamber								Pubmed 21795436						CN-00798611				BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies show an inverse or U-shaped relation between sleep duration and BMI. Decreases in total energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activity have been suggested to be contributing factors. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess the effect of sleep fragmentation on energy metabolism and energy balance in healthy men. DESIGN: Fifteen healthy male subjects [mean ± SD BMI (in kg/m(2)): 24.1 ± 1.9; age: 23.7 ± 3.5 y] were included in a randomized crossover study in which energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, and physical activity (by radar) were measured twice for 48 h in a respiration chamber while subjects were monitored by electroencephalography to determine slow-wave sleep (SWS), rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and total sleeping time (TST). During 2 nights, sleep (2330-0730 h) was either fragmented or nonfragmented. RESULTS: Fragmented sleep led to reductions in TST, SWS, and REM sleep (P < 0.001). TEE did not differ (9.96 ± 0.17 compared with 9.83 ± 0.13 MJ/d, NS) between the sleep groups, nor did the components of energy expenditure, with the exception of activity-induced energy expenditure (AEE; 1.63 ± 0.15 compared with 1.42 ± 0.13 MJ/d for fragmented and nonfragmented sleep, respectively; P < 0.05). Physical activity, exhaustion, sleepiness, respiratory quotient (RQ), and carbohydrate oxidation were elevated in comparison with nonfragmented sleep [physical activity counts: 2371 ± 118 compared with 2204 ± 124 counts/d, P < 0.02; exhaustion: 40.1 ± 3.8 compared with 21.8 ± 2.4 mm (by using a visual analog scale; VAS), P < 0.001; sleepiness: 47.4 ± 4.2 compared with 33.9 ± 4.6 mm (VAS), P < 0.001; RQ: 0.94 ± 0.04 compared with 0.91 ± 0.03, P < 0.05; and carbohydrate oxidation: 346.3 ± 23.8 compared with 323.7 ± 22.5 g/d, P < 0.05], whereas fat oxidation was reduced (29.1 ± 9.1 compared with 61.0 ± 6.6 g/d, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Fragmented compared with nonfragmented sleep induced reductions in the most important sleep phases, which coincided with elevated AEE, physical activity, exhaustion, and sleepiness. RQ and carbohydrate oxidation increased and fat oxidation decreased, which may predispose to overweight. This trial is registered at www.who.int/ictrp and www.trialregister.nl as NTR1919.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/611/CN-00798611/frame.html										
S. J. Ian, C. Delaney, R. Allan, M. Ho and M. Miller	2012	Can fish oil supplementation improve endothelial function in asymptomatic offspring of patients with peripheral arterial disease?		Reports in Medical Imaging			5		1	83-91						Journal: Article		Can fish oil supplementation improve endothelial function in asymptomatic offspring of patients with peripheral arterial disease?														CN-00961579				Background: Peripheral arterial disease affects 10%-25% of adults aged.55 years, and while a multitude of risk factors exist, one key influence is genetics. Rather than awaiting the onset of debilitating symptoms, interventions that target high-risk individuals and prevent or delay the onset of symptoms would have widespread impact. The aim of this study is to implement a 12-week fish oil intervention (10 mL/day containing approximately 1.5 g of eicosapentaenoic acid and 1 g of docosahexaenoic acid), with the intention of improving endothelial function, inflammation, and lipid status in a high-risk population, ie, those with impaired endothelial function and a parent with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. Methods: This is a parallel-group, double-blind, randomized controlled trial involving administration of fish oil containing either about 1.5 g of docosahexaenoic acid and 1 g of docosahexaenoic acid (intervention) or about 0.15 g of eicosapentaenoic acid and about 0.1 g of docosahexaenoic acid for 12 consecutive weeks (control). The participants are 100 offspring of adults with diagnosed peripheral arterial disease who themselves have an ankle-brachial pressure index >0.9 but impaired endothelial function according to peripheral arterial tonometry. Measures performed at baseline and at 6 and 12 weeks include flow-mediated dilatation, C-reactive protein, absolute neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1s, and interleukin-6 levels, thromboxane and prostacyclin, lipid status, and homocysteine, nitrite, and nitrate levels. Participants will be phoned fortnightly to monitor adherence and side effects, while participants will maintain a diary of fish oil consumption on a daily basis, and fish oil returned will be measured to confirm adherence. Participants will complete validated surveys to determine background diet and physical activity levels. Discussion: This study will examine the effectiveness of a moderate-dose fish oil intervention in reversing endothelial dysfunction in asymptomatic offspring of patients with peripheral arterial disease. It provides the opportunity to delay the progression of peripheral arterial disease using a cheap and readily available dietary supplement that has minimal side effects compared with synthetic vasoactive pharmacological medications. 2013 Spark et al, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/579/CN-00961579/frame.html										
K. Ickmans, P. Clarys, J. Nijs, M. Meeus, D. Aerenhouts, E. Zinzen, S. Aelbrecht, G. Meersdom, L. Lambrech and N. Pattyn	2013	Association between cognitive performance, physical fitness, and physical activity level in women with chronic fatigue syndrome		Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development			50		6	795-809								Association between cognitive performance, physical fitness, and physical activity level in women with chronic fatigue syndrome		0748-7711												2012257620. Language: English. Entry Date: 20130927. Revision Date: 20140103. Publication Type: journal article				Limited scientific evidence suggests that physical activity is directly related to cognitive performance in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). To date, no other study has examined the direct relationship between cognitive performance and physical fitness in these patients. This study examined whether cognitive performance and physical fitness are associated in female patients with CFS and investigated the association between cognitive performance and physical activity level (PAL) in the same study sample. We hypothesized that patients who performed better on cognitive tasks would show increased PALs and better performance on physical tests. The study included 31 women with CFS and 13 healthy inactive women. Participants first completed three cognitive tests. Afterward, they undertook a test to determine their maximal handgrip strength, performed a bicycle ergometer test, and were provided with an activity monitor. In patients with CFS, lower peak oxygen uptake and peak heart rate were associated with slower psychomotor speed (p < 0.05). Maximal handgrip strength was correlated with working memory performance (p < 0.05). Both choice and simple reaction time were lower in patients with CFS relative to healthy controls (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, physical fitness, but not PAL, is associated with cognitive performance in female patients with CFS.	research; tables/charts. PDF: Association between cognitive performance, physica... [1p]. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Blind Peer Reviewed; Online/Print; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Women's Health. Instrumentation: Stroop Test; Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT); Operation Span Task (OSPAN). Grant Information: This material was based on work supported in part by ixX Pharma (Nieuwerken-Waas, Belgium). No. of Refs: 59 ref. NLM UID: 8410047.
PMID: 24203542		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2012257620&site=ehost-live		Pain in Motion Research Group (PIM), Department of Human Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
Department of Human Biometry and Biomechanics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
Department of Sports Training and Movement Education, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
CVS Contactgroep VZW, Brugge, Belgium
Department of Human Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium						rzh	EBSCOhost	
H. Ikram, C. Low, T. Shirlaw, S. Foy, I. Crozier, A. Richards, N. Khurmi and R. Horsburgh	1994	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in chronic stable angina: effects on myocardial ischaemia and comparison with nifedipine		British heart journal			71		1	30-3						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in chronic stable angina: effects on myocardial ischaemia and comparison with nifedipine								Pubmed 8297690						CN-00098667				OBJECTIVES: To determine the anti-ischaemic effects of a new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, benazepril, compared with nifedipine, alone and in combination, in chronic stable angina caused by coronary artery disease. DESIGN: Placebo controlled, double blind, latin square design. SETTING: Regional cardiology service for a mixed urban and rural population. SUBJECTS: 40 patients with stable exertional angina producing at least 1 mm ST segment depression on exercise test with the Bruce protocol. 34 patients completed all four phases of the trial. INTERVENTIONS: Each patient was treated with placebo, benazepril (10 mg twice daily), nifedipine retard (20 mg twice daily), and a combination of benazepril and nifedipine in the same doses, in random order for periods of two weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS: Total duration of exercise was not increased by any treatment. Exercise time to the development of 1 mm ST segment depression was not significantly changed with benazepril alone or in combination with nifedipine but was increased with nifedipine from 4.18 (1.8) min to 4.99 (1.6) min (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.28 to 1.34; p < 0.05). There was a significant relation between increase in duration of exercise and resting renin concentration (r = 0.498; p < 0.01). Myocardial ischaemia during daily activity, as assessed by ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring, was reduced by benazepril and by the benazepril and nifedipine combination. This was significant for total ischaemic burden (451(628) min v 231(408) min; 95% CI -398 to -41 min; p < 0.05) and maximal depth of ST segment depression (-2.47(1.2) mm v -2.16 mm; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.57; p < 0.05) for the combination and for maximal ST segment depth for benazepril monotherapy (-2.47 (1.2) mm v -1.96(1.2) mm; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.91; p < 0.05). Benazepril significantly altered the circadian rhythm of cardiac ischaemia, abolishing the peak ischaemic periods at 0700 to 1200 and 1700 to 2300 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Benazepril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, had a modest anti-ischaemic effect in effort angina, but this effect was not as pronounced as with nifedipine. The anti-ischaemic action was more noticeable in asymptomatic ischaemia during daily activity, whereas nifedipine had little effect on this aspect of myocardial ischaemia. The combination of benazepril and nifedipine reduced ischaemia of daily activity.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/667/CN-00098667/frame.html										
H. Ilarraza, J. Myers, W. Kottman, H. Rickli and P. Dubach	2004	An evaluation of training responses using self-regulation in a residential rehabilitation program		Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation			24		1	27-33						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		An evaluation of training responses using self-regulation in a residential rehabilitation program								Pubmed 14758100						CN-00467859				BACKGROUND: The efficacy of exercise training for patients with cardiovascular disease is well established. Given recent changes in reimbursement patterns for cardiac rehabilitation and therefore a greater need for self-monitoring, home programs, and the like, a need exists to determine the capability of patients to regulate their own exercise intensity and assess the efficacy of self-regulated exercise. This study assessed the training responses of a group instructed to train at an intensity they perceived as "somewhat hard," and compared their responses to standardized methods of exercise prescription. METHODS: A total of 78 patients (86% male; mean age, 56 +/- 10 years; mean ejection fraction, 64% +/- 12%) referred to a residential rehabilitation program after myocardial infarction or bypass surgery were randomized to three different groups, for which exercise intensity was prescribed using different methods. For group 1, 70% of heart rate reserve was maintained using precise, continuous electronic heart rate-controlled resistance on a cycle ergometer. Group 2 gauged their own exercise intensity according to a level they perceived as "somewhat hard" (13 on the Borg scale) and were given no feedback in terms of heart rate or work rate. For group 3, exercise intensity was determined using both objective (heart rate reserve and work rate targeted to 60% to 80% of maximal exercise) and subjective (Borg scale 12 to 14) indices. The subjects exercised daily for 1 month. Training frequency, duration, and mode were equivalent between the groups. RESULTS: The exercise capacity of the three groups was increased significantly after the training period: 33.7% in group 1, 22.9% in group 2, and 31.2% in group 3 (P <.005 for all). Other measures of the training response also were similar between the groups, including a significant increase in work rate at a perceived exertion of 13 and maximal watts achieved. The magnitude of the training response was not different between the groups. There were no complications during training. CONCLUSIONS: The training response was similar between the three methods used to monitor exercise intensity. Thus, patients are able to gauge their own exercise intensity reasonably when instructed to exercise at a perceived exertion of 13. This suggests that close heart rate monitoring may not always be necessary for many stable patients with cardiovascular disease to achieve the benefits of a rehabilitation program.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/859/CN-00467859/frame.html										
S. S. Ilich, A. R. Dempsey, P. M. Mills, D. L. Sturnieks, G. W. Stachowiak, K. F. Maguire, M. S. Kuster and D. G. Lloyd	2013	Physical activity patterns and function 3 months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy		Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport			16		3	195-9					May	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Physical activity patterns and function 3 months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy	J Sci Med Sport	1878-1861												22964451				OBJECTIVES: To compare physical activity levels, subject-reported function, and knee strength in 21 arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) patients (age 45.7 (6.06) years, BMI 27.3 (5.96) female 60%) 3 months post-surgery with 21 healthy controls (age 43.6 (5.71) years, BMI 24.5(4.2) female 60%) matched at the cohort level for age, gender and BMI.
DESIGN: Case control study.
METHODS: Physical activity intensity, number of steps, and minutes spent in activity were objectively quantified using an accelerometer-based activity monitor worn for 7 days. The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and concentric quadriceps strength were used to evaluate function post-surgery. Differences in activity levels and functional outcomes between the APM and control participants were assessed using t-tests, while multiple linear regression was used to quantify the best predictors of physical activity.
RESULTS: APM patients engaged in a similar duration of activity to controls (469.0 (128.39)min vs. 497.1 (109.9)min), and take a similar number of steps per day (9227 (2977) vs. 10,383 (3501), but performed their activity at lower levels of intensity than controls. Time spent in moderate (r(2)=0.19) and hard (r(2)=0.145) intensity physical activity was best predicted by the Symptoms sub-scale of the KOOS for both controls and APM patients.
CONCLUSIONS: APM patients participate in similar levels of activity at lower intensities, but with reduced activity at higher intensities which is related to the presence of symptoms of knee osteoarthritis. Copyright 2012 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Ilich, Shane S
Dempsey, Alasdair R
Mills, Peter M
Sturnieks, Daina L
Stachowiak, Gwidon W
Maguire, Ken F
Kuster, Markus S
Lloyd, David G
S1440-2440(12)00181-8		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22964451http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22964451&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.jsams.2012.08.007&issn=1878-1861&volume=16&issue=3&spage=195&pages=195-9&date=2013&title=Journal+of+Science+%26+Medicine+in+Sport&atitle=Physical+activity+patterns+and+function+3+months+after+arthroscopic+partial+meniscectomy.&aulast=Ilich&pid=%3Cauthor%3EIlich+SS%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22964451%3C%2FAN%3E		School of Sports Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

V. Imadojemu, Z. Mawji, A. Kunselman, K. Gray, C. Hogeman and U. Leuenberger	2007	Sympathetic chemoreflex responses in obstructive sleep apnea and effects of continuous positive airway pressure therapy		Chest			131		5	1406-13						Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Sympathetic chemoreflex responses in obstructive sleep apnea and effects of continuous positive airway pressure therapy								Pubmed 17494791						CN-00588752				BACKGROUND: Sympathetic nerve activity is increased in awake and regularly breathing patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Over time, repetitive hypoxic stress could alter sympathetic chemoreflex function in OSA. METHODS: We determined the responses to acute hypoxia (fraction of inspired oxygen of 0.1, for 5 min), static handgrip exercise, and the cold pressor test (CPT) in 24 patients with OSA (age, 50 +/- 3 years [mean +/- SEM]; apnea-hypopnea index, 47 +/- 6 events per hour) and in 14 age- and weight-matched nonapneic control subjects. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) [peroneal microneurography], BP, and ventilation were monitored. RESULTS: Basal MSNA was higher in OSA patients compared to control subjects (45 +/- 4 bursts per minute vs 33 +/- 4 bursts per minute, respectively; p < 0.05). Furthermore, compared to control subjects, the MSNA responses to hypoxia were markedly enhanced in OSA (p < 0.001). Whereas the ventilatory responses to hypoxia tended to be increased in OSA (p = 0.06), the BP responses did not differ between the groups (p = 0.45). The neurocirculatory reflex responses to handgrip exercise and to the CPT were similar in the two groups (p = not significant). In OSA patients who were retested after 1 to 24 months of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy (n = 11), basal MSNA (p < 0.01) and the responses of MSNA to hypoxia (p < 0.01) decreased significantly, whereas the ventilatory responses remained unchanged (p = 0.82). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the sympathetic responses to hypoxic chemoreflex stimulation are enhanced in OSA and may normalize in part following CPAP therapy.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/752/CN-00588752/frame.html										
B. Imbimbo, G. Verdelli, P. Martelli and D. Marchesini	1999	Two-year treatment of Alzheimer's disease with eptastigmine. The Eptastigmine Study Group		Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders			10		2	139-47						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Two-year treatment of Alzheimer's disease with eptastigmine. The Eptastigmine Study Group								Pubmed 10026388						CN-00160092				The effectiveness of long-term treatment of Alzheimer's disease with cholinesterase inhibitors is a matter of controversy. We evaluated the effects of prolonged treatment with eptastigmine in 176 patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease participating in the open-label extension phase of a 25-week double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of eptastigmine. The effects of eptastigmine on cognition and daily functioning were evaluated with the cognitive portion of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-Cog) and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale, respectively. Safety was monitored by physical examination, laboratory tests, vital functions and electrocardiogram measurements and by the assessment of adverse events. One hundred and fifty-three patients (87%) completed 1 year of treatment, 77 patients (44%) 18 months and 33 patients (19%) 2 years of treatment. Patients treated for 2 years showed an improvement of mean ADAS-Cog scores compared to baseline for 31 weeks and mean IADL scores remained close to baseline for 25 weeks. Cognitive and functional scores then worsened as expected in this progressive disease. After 2 years, patients deteriorated compared to baseline by 13.4 points on the ADAS-Cog and 6.1 points on IADL. Historical untreated controls with identical disease severity are expected to have an annual worsening of approximately 10.9 points on ADAS-Cog and 4.9 points on IADL. Thus patients treated with eptastigmine for 2 years had a benefit of 8.5 points on ADAS-Cog and 3.8 points on IADL. These benefits translate to about 9 months difference between eptastigmine-treated patients and untreated historical patients. The drug was generally well tolerated with 14 patients (7.9%) withdrawing due to adverse events. Adverse events, not necessarily drug-related, were recorded in 66 patients (37.5%) and were transient and generally mild in severity. This study indicates that prolonged treatment with eptastigmine is safe and produced a clinically long-term benefit in patients with Alzheimer's disease.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/092/CN-00160092/frame.html										
D. Ingram, J. Wilbur, J. McDevitt and S. Buchholz	2011	Women's walking program for African American women: expectations and recommendations from participants as experts		Women & health			51		6	566-82						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Women's walking program for African American women: expectations and recommendations from participants as experts								Pubmed 21973111						CN-00805421				Effective interventions that increase adherence to physical activity are important for African American women because generally they are less active and more obese compared to white American women. The purpose of the authors in this study was to elicit from women who began a 12-month physical activity program between 2002 and 2005: (1) their recollections of outcome expectations and barriers, (2) feedback on program components, and (3) suggestions for program change. In 2007, the authors conducted qualitative post-intervention focus group interviews with women who had participated in the enhanced treatment group. Thirty-three African American women aged 44-69 years at the time of the study participated in one of four focus groups held at their community intervention site. Focus groups were formed on the basis of low (walked<50% of expected walks) versus high (walked?50% of expected walks) adherence and low (0-2) versus high (3-4) attendance at the four workshops held during the 6-month adoption phase. Audio-taped sessions were transcribed, coded independently, and then uploaded into NVivo7 for final coding and data analysis. Suggestions for future program components include a lifestyle physical activity prescription, pedometers for self-monitoring, ongoing group support, and automated telephone support. Focus group participants can serve as experts to assist in content development for improving program effectiveness.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/421/CN-00805421/frame.html										
M. Iriarte, E. Molinero, J. Sagastagoitia, J. Arzubiaga, J. Aguirre and A. Salcedo	1993	Usefulness of exercise testing performed with vasodilators for predicting the severity of myocardial ischaemia during daily activities and treatment		European heart journal			14		3	380-7						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial;		Usefulness of exercise testing performed with vasodilators for predicting the severity of myocardial ischaemia during daily activities and treatment								Pubmed 8458358						CN-00091978				Fifty patients (aged 53 +/- 7 years) with confirmed coronary disease performed two stress tests (baseline and following treatment with vasodilators) and were divided into two groups: (A) fixed ischaemic threshold (n = 27), and (B) variable ischaemic threshold (n = 23). All patients underwent 24-h baseline Holter monitoring and monitoring following treatment with nifedipine, placebo, propranolol and nifedipine + propranolol. In Group A, 92% of ischaemic episodes occurred at heart rates similar to those found during exercise testing. In Group B, the heart rate was lower in 66%. In Group A, positive stress testing before the first 3 min of exercise, or at < 140 beat,min-1 with ST segment depressions > or = 0.02 mV, correlated with higher Holter indexes. In Group A, propranolol reduced both the number of episodes and total ischaemia time. In Group B, the best effects were achieved with nifedipine and combined treatment. Our results further emphasize the contrasts between patients with angina and fixed and variable ischaemic thresholds and suggest that therapy tailored to the physiopathology may be most efficacious.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/978/CN-00091978/frame.html										
D. Irons, P. Sriskandabalan and C. Bullough	1994	A simple alternative to parenteral oxytocics for the third stage of labor		International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics			46		1	15-8						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		A simple alternative to parenteral oxytocics for the third stage of labor								Pubmed 7805977						CN-00108613				OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of nipple stimulation on uterine activity during the third stage of labor. METHODS: Randomized controlled study comparing; (i) 15 min of nipple stimulation (n = 6), (ii) routine syntometrine injection (n = 3), (iii) no action/control (N = 5). Uterine activity was continuously measured using the placenta as an in-situ hydrostatic bag connected to a pressure transducer. RESULTS: Compared to controls uterine pressure was higher during nipple stimulation (103 mmHg vs. 70.8 mmHg, P = 0.04). The duration of the third stage and blood loss tended to be reduced with nipple stimulation compared to controls (20.3 vs. 12.3 min) and (257 vs. 166 ml) respectively but was not significant. Similar differences were observed between syntometrine and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: For women in developing countries where parenteral oxytocics are not available, nipple stimulation might reduce the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage. A larger trial now seems warranted.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/613/CN-00108613/frame.html										
S. Ishikawa, S. L. Stevens, M. Kang and D. W. Morgan	2011	Reliability of daily step activity monitoring in adults with incomplete spinal cord injury		Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development			48		10	1187-94								Reliability of daily step activity monitoring in adults with incomplete spinal cord injury	J Rehabil Res Dev	1938-1352												22234663				We determined the number of days of step activity monitoring required to establish stable measures of walking activity in adults with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI). Eleven individuals with iSCI (mean age 49 +/- 14 years) wore a StepWatch Activity Monitor during waking hours for 7 consecutive days. We used generalizability theory to identify sources of variance in daily step counts and determine the minimum number of days necessary to obtain a reliability coefficient (G-coefficient) greater than or equal to 0.80. Average daily step activity (DSA) was 1,281 +/- 1,594 steps. Participants and days accounted for 70.9% and 1.3% of total variance in DSA, respectively, while unidentifiable error accounted for 27.8% of the total variance in DSA. A minimum of 2 days was required to achieve a G-coefficient greater than or equal to 0.80. An acceptably stable measure of walking activity in adults with iSCI can be obtained by averaging step count values from any 2-day period in a week. Results from this investigation should be useful in evaluating the effect of activity-based programs designed to enhance locomotor function in persons with iSCI.	Ishikawa, Saori
Stevens, Sandy L
Kang, Minsoo
Morgan, Don W		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22234663http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22234663&id=doi:&issn=0748-7711&volume=48&issue=10&spage=1187&pages=1187-94&date=2011&title=Journal+of+Rehabilitation+Research+%26+Development&atitle=Reliability+of+daily+step+activity+monitoring+in+adults+with+incomplete+spinal+cord+injury.&aulast=Ishikawa&pid=%3Cauthor%3EIshikawa+S%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22234663%3C%2FAN%3E		Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA. si2p@mtmail.mtsu.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

K. Izawa, S. Watanabe, K. Hiraki, Y. Morio, Y. Kasahara, N. Takeichi, K. Oka, N. Osada and K. Omiya	2012	Determination of the effectiveness of accelerometer use in the promotion of physical activity in cardiac patients: a randomized controlled trial		Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation			93		11	1896-902						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Determination of the effectiveness of accelerometer use in the promotion of physical activity in cardiac patients: a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 22750166						CN-00968793				OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the self-monitoring of physical activity by hospitalized cardiac patients attending phase I cardiac rehabilitation (CR). DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: University hospital CR program. PARTICIPANTS: CR patients (N=126) with a mean age of 59.1 years. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomly assigned to the self-monitoring group (group A, n=63) or the control group (group B, n=63). Along with CR, group A patients performed self-monitoring of their physical activity at the beginning of a phase I CR program (acute in-hospital phase for inpatients) and ending just before they began a phase II CR program (postdischarge recovery phase for outpatients). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Physical activity (averages of daily number of steps taken and daily energy expenditure for 1wk) as measured by accelerometer was assessed in both groups at baseline (t1) and before the beginning of phase II CR (t2). RESULTS: Although there were no significant differences in physical activity values between groups A and B at t1, values of group A at t2 were significantly higher than those of group B (8609.6 vs 5512.9 steps, P<.001; 242.6 vs 155.9kcal, P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Self-monitoring of patient physical activity from phase I CR might effectively increase the physical activity level in preparation for entering a phase II CR program. Results of the present study could contribute to the development of new strategies for the promotion of physical activity in cardiac patients.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/793/CN-00968793/frame.html										
K. Izawa, S. Watanabe, K. Omiya, Y. Hirano, K. Oka, N. Osada and S. Iijima	2005	Effect of the self-monitoring approach on exercise maintenance during cardiac rehabilitation: a randomized, controlled trial		American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation			84		5	313-21						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effect of the self-monitoring approach on exercise maintenance during cardiac rehabilitation: a randomized, controlled trial								Pubmed 15829777						CN-00515266				OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the self-monitoring approach (SMA) on self-efficacy for physical activity (SEPA), exercise maintenance, and objective physical activity level over a 6-mo period after a supervised 6-mo cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program. DESIGN: We conducted a randomized, controlled trial with 45 myocardial infarction patients (38 men, seven women; mean age, 64.2 yrs) recruited after completion of an acute-phase, exercise-based CR program. Patients were randomly assigned to an SMA group (n = 24) or control group (n = 21). Along with CR, the subjects in the SMA group self-monitored their weight and physical activity for 6 mos. The SMA used in this study was based on Bandura's self-efficacy theory and was designed to enhance confidence for exercise maintenance. The control group participated in CR only. All patients were evaluated with the SEPA assessment tool. Exercise maintenance, SEPA scores, and objective physical activity (average steps per week) as a caloric expenditure were assessed at baseline and during a 6-mo period after the supervised CR program. RESULTS: Mean period from myocardial infarction onset did not differ significantly between the SMA and control groups (12.1 +/- 1.3 vs. 12.2 +/- 1.2 mos, P = 0.692). All patients maintained their exercise routine in the SMA group. Mean SEPA score (90.5 vs. 72.7 points, P < 0.001) and mean objective physical activity (10,458.7 vs. 6922.5 steps/wk, P < 0.001) at 12 mos after myocardial infarction onset were significantly higher in the SMA than control group. SEPA showed significant positive correlation with objective physical activity (r = 0.642, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: SMA during supervised CR may effectively increase exercise maintenance, SEPA, and objective physical activity at 12 mos after myocardial infarction onset.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/266/CN-00515266/frame.html										
R. Jackson, J. Wactawski-Wende, A. LaCroix, M. Pettinger, R. Yood, N. Watts, J. Robbins, C. Lewis, S. Beresford, M. Ko, M. Naughton, S. Satterfield and T. Bassford	2006	Effects of conjugated equine estrogen on risk of fractures and BMD in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: results from the women's health initiative randomized trial		Journal of bone and mineral research			21		6	817-28						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of conjugated equine estrogen on risk of fractures and BMD in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: results from the women's health initiative randomized trial								Pubmed 16753012						CN-00565684				UNLABELLED: Further analyses from the Women's Health Initiative estrogen trial shows that CEE reduced fracture risk. The fracture reduction at the hip did not differ appreciably among risk strata. These data do not support overall benefit over risk, even in women at highest risk for fracture. INTRODUCTION: The Women's Health Initiative provided evidence that conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) can significantly reduce fracture risk in postmenopausal women. Additional analysis of the effects of CEE on BMD and fracture are presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Postmenopausal women 50-79 years of age with hysterectomy were randomized to CEE 0.625 mg daily (n = 5310) or placebo (n = 5429) and followed for an average 7.1 years. Fracture incidence was assessed by semiannual questionnaire and verified by adjudication of radiology reports. BMD was measured in a subset of women (N = 938) at baseline and years 1, 3, and 6. A global index was used to examine whether the balance of risks and benefits differed by baseline fracture risk. RESULTS: CEE reduced the risk of hip (hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; 95% CI, 0.45-0.94), clinical vertebral (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.44-0.93), wrist/lower arm (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.47-0.72), and total fracture (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.64-0.80). This effect did not differ among strata according to age, oophorectomy status, past hormone use, race/ethnicity, fall frequency, physical activity, or fracture history. Total fracture reduction was less in women at the lowest predicted fracture risk in both absolute and relative terms (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.68-1.08). CEE also provided modest but consistent positive effects on BMD. The HRs of the global index for CEE were relatively balanced across tertiles of summary fracture risk (lowest risk: HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.62-1.05; mid risk: HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.92-1.30; highest risk: HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.88-1.23; interaction, p = 0.42). CONCLUSIONS: CEE reduces the risk of fracture and increases BMD in hysterectomized postmenopausal women. Even among the women with the highest risk for fractures, when considering the effects of estrogen on other important health outcomes, a summary of the burden of monitored effects does not indicate a significant net benefit.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/684/CN-00565684/frame.html										
N. Jacobs, I. Bourdeaudhuij and N. Claes	2010	Surfing depth on a behaviour change website: predictors and effects on behaviour		Informatics for health & social care			35		2	41-52						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Surfing depth on a behaviour change website: predictors and effects on behaviour								Pubmed 20726734						CN-00769904				The primary objectives of the present study were to gain insight into website use and to predict the surfing depth on a behaviour change website and its effect on behaviour. Two hundred eight highly educated adults from the intervention condition of a randomised trial received access to a medical intervention, individual coaching (by e-mail, post, telephone or face-to-face) and a behaviour change website. Website use (e.g. surfing depth, page view duration) was registered. Online questionnaires for physical activity and fat intake were filled out at baseline and after 6 months. Hierarchical linear regression was used to predict surfing depth and its effect on behaviour. Seventy-five per cent of the participants visited the website. Fifty-one and fifty-six per cent consulted the physical activity and fat intake feedback, respectively. The median surfing depth was 2. The total duration of interventions by e-mail predicted deeper surfing (beta=0.36; p<0.001). Surfing depth did not predict changes in fat intake (beta=-0.07; p=0.45) or physical activity (beta=-0.03; p=0.72). Consulting the physical activity feedback led to more physical activity (beta=0.23; p=0.01). The findings from the present study can be used to guide future website development and improve the information architecture of behaviour change websites.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/904/CN-00769904/frame.html										
R. Jago, T. Baranowski, S. Yoo, K. Cullen, I. Zakeri, K. Watson, J. Himes, C. Pratt, W. Sun, L. Pruitt and D. Matheson	2004	Relationship between physical activity and diet among African-American girls		Obesity research			12 Suppl			55s-63s						Clinical Trial; Clinical Trial, Phase I; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Relationship between physical activity and diet among African-American girls								Pubmed 15489468						CN-00504421				OBJECTIVE: To examine the cross-sectional relationships between physical activity and dietary behaviors among 8- to 10-year-old African-American girls. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Two hundred ten 8- to 10-year-old African-American girls from four field centers participated. Computer Science and Applications (CSA) activity monitors were worn for 3 days. CSA data were expressed as mean CSA counts per minute, mean minutes of moderate to vigorous activity per day, and mean metabolic equivalents (METS) per minute. Two nonconsecutive 24-hour dietary recalls were analyzed for kilocalories; percent kilocalories from fat; daily servings of fruit, 100% fruit juice, and vegetables; sweetened beverages; and water consumption. Height and weight were measured, and information on household income, material possessions, and participant age were obtained. RESULTS: All three expressions of physical activity were significantly negatively associated with percentage calories from fat (r = -0.147 to -0.177, p < 0.01), and mean METS per minute were significantly positively associated with percentage calories from carbohydrate (r = 0.149, p < 0.05) after controlling for household income, material possessions, field center, and total caloric intake. Income was inversely associated with percentage calories from fat. DISCUSSION: Physical activity and dietary fat consumption were inversely related among African-American girls. Efforts to prevent obesity in preadolescent African-American girls should focus on increasing physical activity and lowering dietary fat consumption.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/421/CN-00504421/frame.html										
A. Jain, R. Vargas, S. Gotzkowsky and F. McMahon	1993	Can garlic reduce levels of serum lipids? A controlled clinical study		American journal of medicine			94		6	632-5						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Can garlic reduce levels of serum lipids? A controlled clinical study								Pubmed 8506890						CN-00093629				PURPOSE: To assess the effects of standardized garlic powder tablets on serum lipids and lipoproteins, glucose, and blood pressure. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty-two healthy adults (19 men, 23 women), mean age of 52 +/- 12 years, with a serum total cholesterol (TC) level of greater than or equal to 220 mg/dL received, in a randomized, double-blind fashion, either 300 mg three times a day of standardized garlic powder in tablet form or placebo. Diets and physical activity were unchanged. This study was conducted in an outpatient, clinical research unit. RESULTS: The baseline serum TC level of 262 +/- 34 mg/dL was reduced to 247 +/- 40 mg/dL (p < 0.01) after 12 weeks of standard garlic treatment. Corresponding values for placebo were 276 +/- 34 mg/dL before and 274 +/- 29 mg/dL after placebo treatment. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was reduced by 11% by garlic treatment and 3% by placebo (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, serum glucose, blood pressure, and other monitored parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with standardized garlic 900 mg/d produced a significantly greater reduction in serum TC and LDL-C than placebo. The garlic formulation was well tolerated without any odor problems.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/629/CN-00093629/frame.html										
M. Jalava and M. Sillanpää	1997	Physical activity, health-related fitness, and health experience in adults with childhood-onset epilepsy: a controlled study		Epilepsia			38		4	424-9						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Physical activity, health-related fitness, and health experience in adults with childhood-onset epilepsy: a controlled study								Pubmed 9118847						CN-00138637				PURPOSE: To show any possible associations between childhood-onset epilepsy and physical activity, health-related fitness, and health experience. METHODS: A population-based cohort of 176 patients with epilepsy since childhood was monitored for a mean of 35 years. Patients with recurrent, unprovoked epileptic seizures with no associated initial neurologic impairment or disability, termed those with "epilepsy only" (n = 100), were compared with matched controls for self-reported physical activity, health experience, laboratory tests, body mass index, and muscle power tests. RESULTS: On the basis of muscle tests, physical fitness proved to be significantly poorer in patients with "epilepsy only" than in matched controls. During the preceding year, 22% of patients and 24% of controls had reduced their physical activities because of some illness; only 2% reduced their physical activities because of epilepsy. No significant difference was found in blood status, except for a lower serum creatinine level in the patients. Current antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy appeared significantly associated with lower hemoglobin and creatinine levels and higher high-density lipoprotein values. The patients perceived their health status to be comparable with that of controls, irrespective of physical inactivity, continued seizures, or AED monotherapy. However, patients receiving AED polytherapy perceived their health as rather poor or very poor significantly more often than did controls. CONCLUSIONS: Based on objective muscle tests, adults with childhood-onset "epilepsy only" have poorer physical fitness than do matched controls, but they have a feeling of good personal health.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/637/CN-00138637/frame.html										
M. Jamil, A. Fong and D. Tan	2008	A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of Neurovision's Neural Vision CorrectionTM Technology in Enhancing Unaided Visual Acuity in Adults With Low Myopia		Iovs						ARVO E- abstract 1436								A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of Neurovision's Neural Vision CorrectionTM Technology in Enhancing Unaided Visual Acuity in Adults With Low Myopia														CN-00746149				Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of NeuroVision's Neural Vision CorrectionÂ? (NVCÂ?) Technology in enhancing unaided visual acuity in adults with low myopia. Methods: NeuroVision's NVCÂ? technology is a non-invasive, patient-specific, perceptual learning program based on visual stimulation and facilitation of neural connections at the cortical level. It involves an internet-based computer generated visual training exercise regime using stimuli based on Gabor patches, to sharpen contrast sensitivity and visual acuity. A double masked randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of NVCÂ? technology in improving unaided visual acuity (UAVA) of low myopic patients. 84 adult low myopic patients (LMP) with SE = -1.5D (mean SE -1.29D) were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group A (66 LMP) completed NVCÂ? treatment, Group B (18 LMP) completed sham treatment. Results: Mean UAVA improved by 0.186 logMar in Group A compared to 0.023 logMar in Group B. 65.2% of LMP in group A improved more than 0.2 logMar in at least one eye compared to 11.1% in Group B (p<0.0005). Mean refractive error remained unchanged. Conclusions: NVCÂ? treatment demonstrated statistically significant UAVA improvement in adults with low myopia.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/149/CN-00746149/frame.html										
T. Jamsa, A. Vainionpaa, R. Korpelainen, E. Vihriala and J. Leppaluoto	2006	Effect of daily physical activity on proximal femur		Clinical Biomechanics			21		1	1-7					Jan	Clinical Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effect of daily physical activity on proximal femur	Clin Biomech	0268-0033												16298464				BACKGROUND: The incidence of osteoporotic fractures is increasing and has become one of the major health problems in developed countries. Physical exercise has been found to be effective in the prevention of osteoporosis. However, the optimal amount of exercise is not known. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the intensity of physical activity and bone mineral density at the proximal femur, using long-term quantification of daily physical activity.
METHODS: The study subjects were 64 women (age 35-40 years), who carried an accelerometer-based body movement recorder for 12 months for individual quantification of their daily physical activity. The average distribution of daily accelerations was defined using 33 acceleration levels.
FINDINGS: A significant relationship between physical activity data and proximal femur bone mineral density was found. Physical activity that induced acceleration levels exceeding 3.6g correlated positively with the bone mineral density change at the proximal femur, the association being strongest at the femoral neck at 5.7 g (r = 0.416, P = 0.001).
INTERPRETATION: The association between physical activity and changes in proximal femur bone mineral density was dependent on the acceleration level of exercise. The quantity and quality of exercise can be monitored with the accelerometer-based physical activity monitor, and the method might be used for optimizing exercise for prevention of osteoporosis.	Jamsa, Timo
Vainionpaa, Aki
Korpelainen, Raija
Vihriala, Erkki
Leppaluoto, Juhani		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16298464http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:16298464&id=doi:&issn=0268-0033&volume=21&issue=1&spage=1&pages=1-7&date=2006&title=Clinical+Biomechanics&atitle=Effect+of+daily+physical+activity+on+proximal+femur.&aulast=Jamsa&pid=%3Cauthor%3EJamsa+T%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E16298464%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Medical Technology, University of Oulu, Finland. timo.jamsa@oulu.fi						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

W. Janczyk, P. Socha, D. Lebensztejn, A. Wierzbicka, A. Mazur, J. Neuhoff-Murawska and P. Matusik	2013	Omega-3 fatty acids for treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: design and rationale of randomized controlled trial		BMC pediatrics			13			85						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Omega-3 fatty acids for treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: design and rationale of randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 23702094						CN-00963726				BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome since obesity and insulin resistance are the main pathogenic contributors for both conditions. NAFLD carries increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. There is an urgent need to find effective and safe therapy for children and adults with NAFLD. Data from research and clinical studies suggest that omega-3 fatty acids may be beneficial in metabolic syndrome-related conditions and can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. METHODS/DESIGN: We are conducting a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of treatment with omega-3 fatty acids in children with NAFLD. Patients are randomized to receive either omega-3 fatty acids containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or placebo for 24 weeks. The dose of omega-3 (DHA+ EPA) ranges from 450 to 1300 mg daily. Low calorie diet and increased physical activity are advised and monitored using validated questionnaires. The primary outcome of the trial is the number of patients who decreased ALT activity by ? 0,3 of upper limit of normal. The main secondary outcomes are improvement in the laboratory liver tests, liver steatosis on ultrasound, markers of insulin resistance and difference in fat/lean body mass composition after 6 months of intervention. DISCUSSION: Potential efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of NAFLD will provide needed rationale for use of this safe diet supplement together with weight reduction therapy in the growing population of children with NAFLD. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01547910.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/726/CN-00963726/frame.html										
D. Janicke	2013	Treatment of pediatric obesity using a parent-only approach: a case example		Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association			32		3	345-50						Randomized Controlled Trial		Treatment of pediatric obesity using a parent-only approach: a case example								Pubmed 23437857						CN-00869764				OBJECTIVE: There is a great need for solution-oriented studies and descriptions of interventions for pediatric obesity in real-world settings. This report describes a group-based behavioral parent-only intervention to promote healthier lifestyle habits and reduce weight status in an obese 12-year-old female participant. METHOD: The behavioral parent-only intervention program described was part of a randomized controlled trial that evaluated the impact of 2 behavioral interventions that addressed dietary intake, physical activity, and weight status in overweight and obese youth living in rural settings. Both the child and parent were targeted for behavior change. The intervention included 12 group sessions over 4 months. Behavioral strategies, including self-monitoring, goal setting, performance feedback, reinforcement, stimulus control, and instruction in behavioral parenting strategies were flexibly applied to meet the needs of the family. Assessments were completed at baseline, month-4 posttreatment, and month-10 follow-up. RESULTS: The parent attended 10 of 12 treatment sessions. At follow-up the child had lost 17 pounds and grew 1.7 in. in height. The child also experienced improved quality of dietary intake and a drop in the number of self-reported unhealthy weight control behaviors. The parent experienced no notable decrease or increase in BMI. CONCLUSIONS: The report describes the successful application of a behavioral intervention to address pediatric obesity that uses a parent-only approach. It is hoped that this presentation will facilitate discussion and help encourage further presentations of how the flexible application of evidenced-based interventions can be applied in real-world settings.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/764/CN-00869764/frame.html										
W. Janssen, J. Bussmann, R. Selles, P. Koudstaal, G. Ribbers and H. Stam	2010	Recovery of the sit-to-stand movement after stroke: a longitudinal cohort study		Neurorehabilitation & Neural Repair			24		8	763-9					Oct	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Recovery of the sit-to-stand movement after stroke: a longitudinal cohort study	Neurorehabil Neural Repair	1552-6844												20702392				BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To present quantitative data on sit-to-stand (STS)-related functioning and recovery during the first year after stroke. STS-related functioning was used to evaluate independent STS movement, rising speed, and actual STS performance during normal daily life.
METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study of 50 patients poststroke. Assessments were made at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 48 weeks poststroke. Actual STS performance was assessed at 0, 12, and 48 weeks. The main outcome measures were the following: ability to rise independently, rising speed (power chair stand up), number of STS movements, percentage of time walking and standing during daily life (using an activity monitor), and clinical outcomes, measured among others by the Barthel index (BI).
RESULTS: During year 1, the percentage of patients able to rise increased from 54% to 83%. Most improvements occurred during weeks 0 to 12, whereas no significant changes were observed during weeks 12 to 24. Rising speed similarly increased from 0.15 to 0.26 s(-1) during weeks 0 to 12 and to 0.30 s(-1) at week 48. Gait speed and BI also significantly increased. The number of STS movements increased significantly during weeks 0 to 12 (from 10.6 to 17.7) but not during weeks 12 to 48.
CONCLUSIONS: STS-related functioning improved significantly in the first year after stroke, with the most improvement occurring during the first 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, rising speed, gait speed, and BI continue to improve.	Janssen, Wim
Bussmann, Johannes
Selles, Ruud
Koudstaal, Peter
Ribbers, Gerard
Stam, Henk		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=20702392http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:20702392&id=doi:10.1177%2F1545968310363584&issn=1545-9683&volume=24&issue=8&spage=763&pages=763-9&date=2010&title=Neurorehabilitation+%26+Neural+Repair&atitle=Recovery+of+the+sit-to-stand+movement+after+stroke%3A+a+longitudinal+cohort+study.&aulast=Janssen&pid=%3Cauthor%3EJanssen+W%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E20702392%3C%2FAN%3E		Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. w.janssen@erasmusmc.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. Jarvik, W. Hollingworth, B. Martin, S. Emerson, D. Gray, S. Overman, D. Robinson, T. Staiger, F. Wessbecher, S. Sullivan, W. Kreuter and R. Deyo	2003	Rapid magnetic resonance imaging vs radiographs for patients with low back pain: a randomized controlled trial		Jama			289		21	2810-8						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Rapid magnetic resonance imaging vs radiographs for patients with low back pain: a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 12783911						CN-00438021				CONTEXT: Faster magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning has made MRI a potential cost-effective replacement for radiographs for patients with low back pain. However, whether rapid MRI scanning results in better patient outcomes than radiographic evaluation or a cost-effective alternative is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical and economic consequences of replacing spine radiographs with rapid MRI for primary care patients. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: Randomized controlled trial of 380 patients aged 18 years or older whose primary physicians had ordered that their low back pain be evaluated by radiographs. The patients were recruited between November 1998 and June 2000 from 1 of 4 imaging centers in the Seattle, Wash, area: a university-based teaching program, a nonuniversity-based teaching program, and 2 private clinics. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomly assigned to receive lumbar spine evaluation by rapid MRI or by radiograph. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Back-related disability measured by the modified Roland questionnaire. Secondary outcomes included Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), pain, preference scores, satisfaction, and costs. RESULTS: At 12 months, primary outcomes of functional disability were obtained from 337 (89%) of the 380 patients enrolled. The mean back-related disability modified Roland score for the 170 patients assigned to the radiograph evaluation group was 8.75 vs 9.34 for the 167 patients assigned the rapid MRI evaluation group (mean difference, -0.59; 95% CI, -1.69 to 0.87). The mean differences in the secondary outcomes were not statistically significant : pain bothersomeness (0.07; 95% CI -0.88 to 1.22), pain frequency (0.12; 95% CI, -0.69 to 1.37), and SF-36 subscales of bodily pain (1.25; 95% CI, -4.46 to 4.96), and physical functioning (2.73, 95% CI -4.09 to 6.22). Ten patients in the rapid MRI group vs 4 in the radiograph group had lumbar spine operations (risk difference, 0.34; 95% CI, -0.06 to 0.73). The rapid MRI strategy had a mean cost of 2380 dollars vs 2059 dollars for the radiograph strategy (mean difference, 321 dollars; 95% CI, -1100 to 458). CONCLUSIONS: Rapid MRIs and radiographs resulted in nearly identical outcomes for primary care patients with low back pain. Although physicians and patients preferred the rapid MRI, substituting rapid MRI for radiographic evaluations in the primary care setting may offer little additional benefit to patients, and it may increase the costs of care because of the increased number of spine operations that patients are likely to undergo.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/021/CN-00438021/frame.html										
A. Jayaraman, S. Deeny, Y. Eisenberg, G. Mathur and T. Kuiken	2014	Global position sensing and step activity as outcome measures of community mobility and social interaction for an individual with a transfemoral amputation due to dysvascular disease		Physical Therapy			94		3	401-10					Mar	Case Reports		Global position sensing and step activity as outcome measures of community mobility and social interaction for an individual with a transfemoral amputation due to dysvascular disease	Phys Ther	1538-6724												24092905				BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Community mobility of individuals following lower limb amputation is highly variable and has a great impact on their quality of life. Currently, clinical assessments of ambulatory ability and motivation influence prosthetic prescription. However, these outcome measures do not effectively quantify community mobility (ie, mobility outside of the clinic) of individuals with an amputation. Advances in global positioning systems (GPSs) and other wearable step-monitoring devices allow for objective, quantifiable measurement of community mobility. This case report will examine the combined use of a GPS unit and a step activity monitor to quantify community mobility and social interaction of an individual with transfemoral amputation due to dysvascular disease.
CASE DESCRIPTION: A 76-year-old woman with a unilateral transfemoral amputation due to vascular disease carried a commercial GPS unit and step activity monitor to quantify her community mobility and social interaction every day over a period of 1 month. The step activity monitor was affixed to her prosthesis. The patient used a wheelchair as well as her prosthesis for everyday mobility.
OUTCOME: Information from the GPS unit and step activity monitor provided quantitative details on the patient's steps taken in and out of the home, wheelchair use, prosthesis use, driving trips, and time spent on social and community trips.
DISCUSSION: This case report describes a potential clinical measurement procedure for quantifying community mobility and social interaction of an individual with lower limb amputation. Future efforts are needed to validate this measurement tool on large sample sizes and in individuals with different mobility levels. Additionally, automatization of data analysis and technological approaches to reduce compromised GPS signals may eventually lead to a practical, clinically useful tool.	Jayaraman, Arun
Deeny, Sean
Eisenberg, Yochai
Mathur, Gayatri
Kuiken, Todd		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24092905http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:24092905&id=doi:10.2522%2Fptj.20120527&issn=0031-9023&volume=94&issue=3&spage=401&pages=401-10&date=2014&title=Physical+Therapy&atitle=Global+position+sensing+and+step+activity+as+outcome+measures+of+community+mobility+and+social+interaction+for+an+individual+with+a+transfemoral+amputation+due+to+dysvascular+disease.&aulast=Jayaraman&pid=%3Cauthor%3EJayaraman+A%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E24092905%3C%2FAN%3E		A. Jayaraman, PT, PhD, Max Nader Center for Rehabilitation Technologies and Outcomes Research and Center for Bionic Medicine, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. Mailing address: Max Nader Center for Rehabilitation Technologies and Outcomes Research, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, 345 E Superior St, Room 1771, Chicago, IL 60611 (USA).						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. Jehn, C. Schindler, A. Meyer, M. Tamm, A. Schmidt-Trucksass and D. Stolz	2012	Daily walking intensity as a predictor of quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			44		7	1212-8					Jul	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Daily walking intensity as a predictor of quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	Med Sci Sports Exerc	1530-0315												22293866				PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess independent predictors of quality of life (QOL) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in particular, to evaluate the relationship between QOL and functional exercise capacity measured with an activity monitor.
METHODS: Functional exercise capacity was measured with an accelerometer-based walking intensity. QOL was assessed by Short Form-36 and Saint Georges Respiratory Questionnaire. Stepwise multivariate regression analyses were used to identify significant independent predictors of health-related QOL.
RESULTS: Daily walking intensity (fast walk) was the only significant independent predictor of the Short Form-36 domains "physical function" (P = 0.002) and "role physical" (P = 0.034). Age and depression were significant independent predictors of the domain "social functioning" (P = 0.035 and P = 0.002, respectively). Age and fast walk were significant independent predictors of the domain "mental health" (P = 0.006 and P = 0.017, respectively). Percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s and fast walk were both significant independent predictors of the domains "general health" (P = 0.04 and P = 0.02, respectively) and "physical component score" (P = 0.038 and P = 0.017, respectively). In terms of the Saint Georges Respiratory Questionnaire, fast walk was a significant independent predictor of "activity score" (P = 0.001), "impact score" (P = 0.022), and "total score" (P = 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: QOL is an important aspect to be integrated into long-term disease management and the assessment of daily walking intensity using accelerometry can provide additional information about the patient's functional status and well-being during a certain period.	Jehn, Melissa
Schindler, Christian
Meyer, Anja
Tamm, Michael
Schmidt-Trucksass, Arno
Stolz, Daiana		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22293866http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22293866&id=doi:10.1249%2FMSS.0b013e318249d8d8&issn=0195-9131&volume=44&issue=7&spage=1212&pages=1212-8&date=2012&title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&atitle=Daily+walking+intensity+as+a+predictor+of+quality+of+life+in+patients+with+chronic+obstructive+pulmonary+disease.&aulast=Jehn&pid=%3Cauthor%3EJehn+M%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22293866%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. melissa.jehn@unibas.ch						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. Jehn, D. Brotman and L. Appel	2008	Racial differences in diurnal blood pressure and heart rate patterns: results from the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) trial		Archives of internal medicine			168		9	996-1002						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Racial differences in diurnal blood pressure and heart rate patterns: results from the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) trial								Pubmed 18474764						CN-00639594				BACKGROUND: Several studies have suggested that blacks, on average, have a blunted decline in nocturnal blood pressure (BP) as compared with nonblacks. It is unknown whether differences in traditional determinants of BP, specifically diet and obesity, account for observed differences in diurnal patterns. METHODS: We conducted an analysis of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) trial that enrolled adults with prehypertension or stage 1 hypertension. At the end of a 3-week run-in period, ambulatory BP monitoring data were obtained on 333 participants, all of whom ate the same diet. Mean ambulatory daytime (6 am-11 pm) and nighttime (11 pm-6 am) systolic BP, diastolic BP, and heart rate (HR) were measured. Dipping was defined as a nighttime drop of less than 10% from mean daytime values. RESULTS: Office BP was similar in blacks and nonblacks, as were 24-hour and daytime BP and HR. However, blacks demonstrated a statistically significant, blunted nocturnal decline in BP and HR. Blacks were significantly more likely than nonblacks to have systolic nondipping (44.9% vs 26.7%, P = .001), diastolic nondipping (20.9% vs 11.6%, P = .03), and HR nondipping (40.9% vs 19.9%, P < .001). These differences persisted after adjustment for site, sex, age, body mass index, alcohol intake, physical activity, office BP (or HR), education, and income. CONCLUSION: Blacks with similar office BP, and who consumed the same diet as nonblacks, had a blunted nocturnal decline in systolic BP, diastolic BP, and HR, even after factors that influence BP were controlled for.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/594/CN-00639594/frame.html										
E. Jelalian, E. Lloyd-Richardson, R. Mehlenbeck, C. Hart, K. Flynn-O'Brien, J. Kaplan, M. Neill and R. Wing	2010	Behavioral weight control treatment with supervised exercise or peer-enhanced adventure for overweight adolescents		Journal of pediatrics			157		6	923-928.e1						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Behavioral weight control treatment with supervised exercise or peer-enhanced adventure for overweight adolescents								Pubmed 20655544						CN-00768606				OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of behavioral weight control intervention with a peer-enhanced activity intervention versus structured aerobic exercise in decreasing body mass index (BMI) and z-BMI in overweight adolescents. STUDY DESIGN: Participants were randomized to 1 of 2 group-based treatment conditions: (1) cognitive behavioral treatment with peer-enhanced adventure therapy or (2) cognitive behavioral weight control treatment with supervised aerobic exercise. Participants included 118 overweight adolescents, ages 13 to 16 years, and a primary caregiver. Changes in BMI, standardized BMI, percent over BMI, and waist circumference were examined. RESULTS: Analysis of variance on the basis of intent-to-treat indicated significant decreases in all weight change outcomes at the end of treatment, with significant decreases maintained at the 12-month follow-up. No differences in treatment conditions were observed. Secondary analyses indicated that adherence with attendance and completion of weekly diet records contributed significantly to reductions in BMI. CONCLUSIONS: A cognitive behavioral weight control intervention combined with supervised aerobic exercise or peer-enhanced adventure therapy is equally effective in short-term reduction of BMI and z-BMI in overweight adolescents. Adherence, as measured with session attendance and self-monitoring, is a key dimension of weight change.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/606/CN-00768606/frame.html										
J. Jelsma, M. Poppel, S. Galjaard, G. Desoye, R. Corcoy, R. Devlieger, A. Assche, D. Timmerman, G. Jans, J. Harreiter, A. Kautzky-Willer, P. Damm, E. Mathiesen, D. Jensen, L. Andersen, F. Dunne, A. Lapolla, G. Cianni, A. Bertolotto, E. Wender-Oegowska, A. Zawiejska, K. Blumska, D. Hill, P. Rebollo, F. Snoek and D. Simmons	2013	DALI: Vitamin D and lifestyle intervention for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevention: An European multicentre, randomised trial - study protocol		BMC pregnancy and childbirth			13									Journal: Article		DALI: Vitamin D and lifestyle intervention for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevention: An European multicentre, randomised trial - study protocol														CN-00919884				Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an increasing problem world-wide. Lifestyle interventions and/or vitamin D supplementation might help prevent GDM in some women.Methods/design: Pregnant women at risk of GDM (BMI>29 (kg/m<sup>2</sup>)) from 9 European countries will be invited to participate and consent obtained before 19+6 weeks of gestation. After giving informed consent, women without GDM will be included (based on IADPSG criteria: fasting glucose<5.1mmol; 1 hour glucose <10.0 mmol; 2 hour glucose <8.5 mmol) and randomized to one of the 8 intervention arms using a 2x(2x2) factorial design: (1) healthy eating (HE), 2) physical activity (PA), 3) HE+PA, 4) control, 5) HE+PA+vitamin D, 6) HE+PA+placebo, 7) vitamin D alone, 8) placebo alone), pre-stratified for each site. In total, 880 women will be included with 110 women allocated to each arm. Between entry and 35 weeks of gestation, women allocated to a lifestyle intervention will receive 5 face-to-face, and 4 telephone coaching sessions, based on the principles of motivational interviewing. The lifestyle intervention includes a discussion about the risks of GDM, a weight gain target <5kg and either 7 healthy eating 'messages' and/or 5 physical activity 'messages' depending on randomization. Fidelity is monitored by the use of a personal digital assistance (PDA) system. Participants randomized to the vitamin D intervention receive either 1600 IU vitamin D or placebo for daily intake until delivery. Data is collected at baseline measurement, at 24-28 weeks, 35-37 weeks of gestation and after delivery. Primary outcome measures are gestational weight gain, fasting glucose and insulin sensitivity, with a range of obstetric secondary outcome measures including birth weight.Discussion: DALI is a unique Europe-wide randomised controlled trial, which will gain insight into preventive measures against the development of GDM in overweight and obese women. 2013 Jelsma et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/884/CN-00919884/frame.html										
J. Jelsma, M. Poppel, S. Galjaard, G. Desoye, R. Corcoy, R. Devlieger, A. Assche, D. Timmerman, G. Jans, J. Harreiter, A. Kautzky-Willer, P. Damm, E. Mathiesen, D. Jensen, L. Andersen, F. Dunne, A. Lapolla, G. Cianni, A. Bertolotto, E. Wender-Oegowska, A. Zawiejska, K. Blumska, D. Hill, P. Rebollo, F. Snoek and D. Simmons	2013	DALI: Vitamin D and lifestyle intervention for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevention: an European multicentre, randomised trial - study protocol		BMC pregnancy and childbirth			13			142						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		DALI: Vitamin D and lifestyle intervention for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevention: an European multicentre, randomised trial - study protocol								Pubmed 23829946						CN-00963221				BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an increasing problem world-wide. Lifestyle interventions and/or vitamin D supplementation might help prevent GDM in some women. METHODS/DESIGN: Pregnant women at risk of GDM (BMI ? 29 (kg/m(2))) from 9 European countries will be invited to participate and consent obtained before 19+6 weeks of gestation. After giving informed consent, women without GDM will be included (based on IADPSG criteria: fasting glucose<5.1 mmol; 1 hour glucose <10.0 mmol; 2 hour glucose <8.5 mmol) and randomized to one of the 8 intervention arms using a 2 × (2 × 2) factorial design: (1) healthy eating (HE), 2) physical activity (PA), 3) HE+PA, 4) control, 5) HE+PA+vitamin D, 6) HE+PA+placebo, 7) vitamin D alone, 8) placebo alone), pre-stratified for each site. In total, 880 women will be included with 110 women allocated to each arm. Between entry and 35 weeks of gestation, women allocated to a lifestyle intervention will receive 5 face-to-face, and 4 telephone coaching sessions, based on the principles of motivational interviewing. The lifestyle intervention includes a discussion about the risks of GDM, a weight gain target <5 kg and either 7 healthy eating 'messages' and/or 5 physical activity 'messages' depending on randomization. Fidelity is monitored by the use of a personal digital assistance (PDA) system. Participants randomized to the vitamin D intervention receive either 1600 IU vitamin D or placebo for daily intake until delivery. Data is collected at baseline measurement, at 24-28 weeks, 35-37 weeks of gestation and after delivery. Primary outcome measures are gestational weight gain, fasting glucose and insulin sensitivity, with a range of obstetric secondary outcome measures including birth weight. DISCUSSION: DALI is a unique Europe-wide randomised controlled trial, which will gain insight into preventive measures against the development of GDM in overweight and obese women. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN70595832.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/221/CN-00963221/frame.html										
N. S. Jentzsch, P. Camargos, E. S. Sarinho and J. Bousquet	2012	Adherence rate to beclomethasone dipropionate and the level of asthma control		Respiratory Medicine			106		3	338-43					Mar	Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Adherence rate to beclomethasone dipropionate and the level of asthma control	Respir Med	1532-3064												22188844				There are only a few studies assessing the relationship between adherence rate to ICS, as assessed by electronic monitoring, and the level of asthma control in childhood. The present study was carried out to examine the relationship between adherence to beclomethasone diproprionate (BDP) as well as other factors related to poor asthma control. In this prospective cohort study, 102 steroid naive randomly selected subjects with persistent asthma, aged 5-14 years were prescribed 500-750 mug daily of BDP-CFC and followed during one year. Adherence to BDP was measured electronically in the 4th, 8th and 12th months of study. The level of asthma control was classified as either controlled or uncontrolled instead of the current three categories recommended by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Mean adherence rate was higher in patients with controlled asthma during follow-up, but went down from 60.4% in the 4th month to 49.8% in the 12th month (p = 0.038). Conversely, among patients with uncontrolled asthma, the mean adherence rate decreased from 43.8% to 31.2% (p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the level of asthma control was independently associated to the adherence rate in all follow-up visits (p-values equal or lower than 0.005). The level of asthma control was directly proportional to adherence rate. Our results suggest that a BDP daily dose by 300 mug seems to be enough to attain control over mild and moderate persistent asthma, including exercise induced asthma. Copyright 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Jentzsch, Nulma S
Camargos, Paulo
Sarinho, Emanuel S C
Bousquet, Jean		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22188844http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22188844&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.rmed.2011.12.001&issn=0954-6111&volume=106&issue=3&spage=338&pages=338-43&date=2012&title=Respiratory+Medicine&atitle=Adherence+rate+to+beclomethasone+dipropionate+and+the+level+of+asthma+control.&aulast=Jentzsch&pid=%3Cauthor%3EJentzsch+NS%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22188844%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Pediatrics and Postgraduate Institute, Medical Sciences School, Lucas Machado Foundation, Brazil.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

G. Jessurun, M. DeJongste, R. Hautvast, R. Tio, J. Brouwer, S. Lelieveld and H. Crijns	1999	Clinical follow-up after cessation of chronic electrical neuromodulation in patients with severe coronary artery disease: a prospective randomized controlled study on putative involvement of sympathetic activity		Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE			22		10	1432-9						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Clinical follow-up after cessation of chronic electrical neuromodulation in patients with severe coronary artery disease: a prospective randomized controlled study on putative involvement of sympathetic activity								Pubmed 10588144						CN-00264707				The present study assessed the reoccurrence of myocardial ischemia after withholding electrical neurostimulation. After randomization, in the study or withdrawal group, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) was set active during the first 4 weeks, followed by 4 weeks of withholding stimulation. In the control group, SCS was switched off during 4 weeks before the end of the study. The control group had no crossover period. Measurements were done at baseline, then after 4 and 8 weeks. The first periods at 4 weeks of each sequence of both groups were compared. In addition, a comparison of clinical variables was performed between the study group 4 weeks after withholding stimulation and the control group 4 weeks following randomization. A total number of 24 patients with refractory angina and an implanted spinal cord stimulator were included in the study (n = 12) and control group. Angina pectoris complaints, nitroglycerin intake, ischemia, and heart rate variability using 48-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring were assessed. In addition, neurohormonal status and symptom-limited aerobic capacity were evaluated. There was no increase of anginal complaints or ischemia after withholding stimulation. Neurohormonal levels and aerobic capacity were not altered. We conclude that there is no adverse clinical rebound phenomenon after withholding neurostimulation in patients with refractory angina pectoris.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/707/CN-00264707/frame.html										
S. Jezernik, R. Schärer, G. Colombo and M. Morari	2003	Adaptive robotic rehabilitation of locomotion: a clinical study in spinally injured individuals		Spinal cord			41		12	657-66						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; In Vitro; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Adaptive robotic rehabilitation of locomotion: a clinical study in spinally injured individuals								Pubmed 14639444						CN-00559373				STUDY DESIGN: Clinical study on six spinal cord-injured subjects. The performance of two automatic gait-pattern adaptation algorithms for automated treadmill training rehabilitation of locomotion (called DJATA1 and DJATA2) was tested and compared in this study. OBJECTIVES: To test the performance of the two algorithms and to evaluate the corresponding patient satisfaction. We also wanted to evaluate the motivation of the patients to train with a fixed gait pattern versus training where they can influence and change the gait pattern (gait-pattern adaptation). SETTING: Spinal Cord Injury Center Paracare, Balgrist, Zürich, Switzerland. METHODS: The experimental data were collected during six blinded and randomized training trials (comprising three different conditions per algorithm) split into two training sessions per patient. During the experiments, we have recorded the time courses of the six parameters describing the adaptation. Additionally, a special patient questionnaire was developed that allowed us to collect data regarding the quality, perception, speed, and required effort of the adaptation, as well as patients' opinion that addressed their motivation. The achieved adaptation was evaluated based on the time course of adaptation parameters and based on the patient questionnaire. A statistical analysis was made in order to quantify the data and to compare the two algorithms. RESULTS: Significant adaptation of the gait pattern took place. The patients were in most cases able to change the gait pattern to a desired one and have always perceived the adaptation. No statistically significant differences were found between the performances of the two algorithms based on the evaluated data. However, DJATA2 achieved better adaptation scores. All patients preferred treadmill training with gait-pattern adaptation. CONCLUSION: In the future, the patients would like to train with gait-pattern adaptation. Besides the subjective opinion indicating the choice of this training modality, gait-pattern adaptation also might lead to additional improvement of the rehabilitation of locomotion as it increases and promotes active training. SPONSORSHIP: The work was supported by The Swiss Commission for Technology and Innovation (Project No. 4005.1).			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/373/CN-00559373/frame.html										
Y. Jiang and J. L. Larson	2013	IDEEA activity monitor: validity of activity recognition for lying, reclining, sitting and standing		Fronteras en Medicina			7		1	126-31					Mar			IDEEA activity monitor: validity of activity recognition for lying, reclining, sitting and standing	Front	2095-0225												23299459				Recent evidence demonstrates the independent negative effects of sedentary behavior on health, but there are few objective measures of sedentary behavior. Most instruments measure physical activity and are not validated as measures of sedentary behavior. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of the IDEEA system's measures of sedentary and low-intensity physical activities: lying, reclining, sitting and standing. Thirty subjects, 14 men and 16 women, aged 23 to 77 years, body mass index (BMI) between 18 to 34 kg/m(2), participated in the study. IDEEA measures were compared to direct observation for 27 activities: 10 lying in bed, 3 lying on a sofa, 1 reclining in a lawn chair, 10 sitting and 3 standing. Two measures are reported, the percentage of activities accurately identified and the percentage of monitored time that was accurately labeled by the IDEEA system for all subjects. A total of 91.6% of all observed activities were accurately identified and 92.4% of the total monitored time was accurately labeled. The IDEEA system did not accurately differentiate between lying and reclining so the two activities were combined for calculating accuracy. Using this approach the IDEEA system accurately identified 96% of sitting activities for a total of 97% of the monitored sitting time, 99% and 99% for standing, 87% and 88% for lying in bed, 87% and 88% for lying on the sofa, and 83% and 83% for reclining on a lawn chair. We conclude that the IDEEA system accurately recognizes sitting and standing positions, but it is less accurate in identifying lying and reclining positions. We recommend combining the lying and reclining activities to improve accuracy. The IDEEA system enables researchers to monitor lying, reclining, sitting and standing with a reasonable level of accuracy and has the potential to advance the science of sedentary behaviors and low-intensity physical activities.	Jiang, Yuyu
Larson, Janet L		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23299459http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23299459&id=doi:10.1007%2Fs11684-012-0236-0&issn=2095-0225&volume=7&issue=1&spage=126&pages=126-31&date=2013&title=Fronteras+en+Medicina&atitle=IDEEA+activity+monitor%3A+validity+of+activity+recognition+for+lying%2C+reclining%2C+sitting+and+standing.&aulast=Jiang&pid=%3Cauthor%3EJiang+Y%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23299459%3C%2FAN%3E		Division of Acute, Critical and Long Term Care Programs, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. doctoryuyu@126.com						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. Johnson, T. Nicklas, M. Arbeit, D. Harsha, D. Mott, S. Hunter, W. Wattigney and G. Berenson	2012	Cardiovascular intervention for high-risk families: the Heart Smart Program		Southern medical journal			84		11	1305-12						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Cardiovascular intervention for high-risk families: the Heart Smart Program								Pubmed 1948212						CN-00079431				The Heart Smart Family Health Promotion Program is a multidisciplinary, school-based program for cardiovascular risk reduction among high-risk children and their families. As a program that includes young adults at high risk, it is adaptable to a clinical practice. Nineteen fourth and fifth graders were selected as probands for elevated risk factors after a general screening to identify families for an intervention program. Twenty-three parents participated in a 12-week program focused on eating, exercise, and smoking behavior changes enhanced by behavicral support strategies. Weekly sessions were held in the auditorium/cafeteria of the elementary school and consisted of orientation and presentations, cardiovascular (CV) screening with medical feedback, activities, self-monitoring, counseling, and contingency contracting. Information gathered before and after the program included medical history, CV health knowledge and relevant behavior, blood pressure, serum lipid and lipoprotein values, anthropometric measurements, and urine electrolyte excretion. Both children and parents showed positive changes in eating habits and physical activity and significant changes in knowledge and blood pressure levels, while the children halted their weight gain. We believe this multidisciplinary, behavior-oriented, school-based program can be an effective cardiovascular risk intervention adaptable for a clinical office practice.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/431/CN-00079431/frame.html										
S. Johnson, D. Mauritson, J. Corbett, W. Woodward, J. Willerson and L. Hillis	1981	Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled comparison of propranolol and verapamil in the treatment of patients with stable angina pectoris		American journal of medicine			71		3	443-51						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled comparison of propranolol and verapamil in the treatment of patients with stable angina pectoris								Pubmed 7282732						CN-00026032				This study was performed to compare the relative efficacies of propranolol and verapamil in patients with stable angina pectoris. In 18 patients (16 men, two women, mean age 58 years) with coronary artery disease and angina of effort, the results of low (40 mg every 6 hours) and high-dose (80 mg every 6 hours) propranolol therapy were compared to those of low (80 mg every 6 hours) and high-dose (120 mg every 6 hours) verapamil therapy in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled evaluation which lasted eight weeks: two weeks of placebo therapy, two weeks of propranolol or verapamil (one week low-dose, one week high-dose) therapy, three days of down-titration followed by one week of placebo therapy, two weeks of propranolol or verapamil therapy (whichever was not given earlier in the trial) (one week low-dose, one week hgh-dose) and three days of down-titration. During each period the following were quantitated: (1) chest pains/week; (2) nitroglycerin used/week; (3) transient ischemic S-T segment deviations and highest grade of ventricular ectopic activity on two-channel Holter monitor; (4) S-T segment deviations during supine bicycle exercise; (5) left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction at rest and during exercise (assessed by equilibrium gated blood pool scintigraphy); and (6) pulmonary function studies. Propranolol and high-dose verapamil therapy significantly reduced the frequency of angina, and high-dose verapamil therapy diminished both the need for nitroglycerin and the frequency of transient ischemic S-T segment deviations on Holter monitor. Neither agent exerted a clinically-important deleterious influence on left ventricular volumes or the ejection fraction. Forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume were worsened by propranolol but not by verapamil. Thus, in the patient with angina of effort, verapamil is a satisfactory therapeutic alternative to propranolol.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/032/CN-00026032/frame.html										
D. Johnston, T. Schmidt, C. Albus, S. Vagt, K. McSorley, I. Klingmann and H. Bethge	1994	The relationship between cardiovascular reactivity in the laboratory and heart rate response in real life: active coping and beta blockade		Psychosomatic medicine			56		4	369-76						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The relationship between cardiovascular reactivity in the laboratory and heart rate response in real life: active coping and beta blockade								Pubmed 7972620						CN-00107020				Earlier studies suggest that cardiovascular responses in the laboratory and in the field are likely to be related when the laboratory tasks involve active coping, when the field measure is taken continuously, and when there is allowance for the effects of autocorrelation and physical activity on the ambulant cardiovascular measure. These studies lead to the hypothesis that the hyperreactivity common to the laboratory and to the field has a beta-adrenergic basis. We examined the heart rate variability of 16 hyperreactive and 16 hyporeactive subjects over an 8-hour period while they were receiving either a placebo or a cardio-selective beta-blocking drug (Bisoprolol) in a double-blind crossover design. Subjects were classified on the basis of their heart rate and systolic blood pressure responses to a complex self-paced, reaction-time task. Response in the field was assessed from the standard deviation of the raw heart rate series, after allowance for the serial dependency in the data using autoregressive methods and, when allowance was made for physical activity, assessed from the muscle activity of the thigh. As predicted, on placebo hyperreactive subjects had markedly more variable heart rates, particularly when allowance was made for physical activity. Although not confirmed by a significant interaction effect, this difference largely disappeared under beta-blockade.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/020/CN-00107020/frame.html										
E. Jolly, V. Boscio, L. Aguirre, C. Luna, S. Berensztein and R. Gené	2001	Effects of supplemental oxygen during activity in patients with advanced COPD without severe resting hypoxemia		Chest			120		2	437-43						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Effects of supplemental oxygen during activity in patients with advanced COPD without severe resting hypoxemia								Pubmed 11502641						CN-00350010				STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess oxygen desaturation during activities and to evaluate the short-term effects of supplemental O(2) use in patients with severe COPD who do not qualify for long-term O(2) therapy. DESIGN: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Outpatients from the pulmonary diseases division of a tertiary-care university hospital. PATIENTS: Twenty patients with stable COPD with FEV(1)/FVC ratios of < 50%, FEV(1) levels < 55% of the predicted normal value, and PaO(2) levels of > 60 mm Hg when resting. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were initially evaluated with pulmonary function tests, blood gas analysis, and Doppler echocardiography, and they underwent the following three 6-min walking tests (WTs) in a random sequence: basal WT (BWT); WT while breathing compressed air (CAWT); and WT while breathing O(2) (O(2)WT). Measurements and results: The distance walked was recorded in meters. Dyspnea was measured by Borg scale measurement before and after the tests, and arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry (SpO(2)) was continuously monitored. Results were analyzed by grouping patients in the following manner: desaturators (DSs) (ie, patients with a drop in SpO(2) of at least 5% and < 90% during the WT) vs nondesaturators (NDSs); and O(2) responders (ie, patients with an increase of at least 10% in the distance walked and/or a decrease of at least 3 points in Borg index score) vs nonresponders. During the BWT, 11 of 20 patients (55%) were defined as desaturators. During the O(2)WT, the SpO(2) remained at > 90% in every patient. The distance walked increased by 22% (p < 0.02), and dyspnea decreased 36% (p < 0.01) in DS patients. In NDS patients, O(2) administration reduced dyspnea by 47% (p < 0.001), but the distance walked did not improve. Responses were markedly different from one patient to another. No significant differences were noticed between the results of the BWT and CAWT in any of the groups. Thirteen O(2) responders did not differ from 7 nonresponders either in basal data or in desaturation measure during the BWT, except that all walking responders (five patients) were above the median of basal left ventricle performance. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the studied COPD patients desaturated during the BWT. O(2) administration avoided desaturation and could increase the distance walked and reduce dyspnea, but these effects were not related to walking desaturation in individual cases. Improvements were not a placebo effect. The therapeutic role of O(2) during activities in some patients with severe COPD needs to be individually assessed.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/010/CN-00350010/frame.html										
J. Jong, K. Vangronsveld, M. Peters, M. Goossens, P. Onghena, I. Bulté and J. Vlaeyen	2008	Reduction of pain-related fear and disability in post-traumatic neck pain: a replicated single-case experimental study of exposure in vivo		Journal of pain			9		12	1123-34						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Reduction of pain-related fear and disability in post-traumatic neck pain: a replicated single-case experimental study of exposure in vivo								Pubmed 18722818						CN-00666965				UNLABELLED: For patients with acute post-traumatic neck pain (PTNP), pain-related fear has been identified as a potential predictor of chronic disability. If such is the case, fear reduction should enhance the prevention of further pain disability and distress after traumatic neck pain disability. However, exposure-based treatments have not been tested in patients with PTNP. Using a replicated single-case crossover phase design with multiple measurements, this study examined whether the validity of a graded exposure in vivo, as compared with usual graded activity, extends to PTNP. Eight patients who reported substantial pain-related fear were included in the study. Daily changes in pain intensity, pain-related fear, pain catastrophizing, and activity goal achievement were assessed. Before and after each intervention, and at 6-month follow-up, standardized questionnaires of pain-related fear and pain disability were administered, and, to quantify daily physical activity level, patients carried an ambulatory activity monitor. The results showed decreasing levels of self-reported pain-related fear, pain intensity, disability, and improvements in physical activity level only when graded exposure in vivo was introduced, and not in the graded activity condition. The results are discussed in the context of the search for customized treatments for PTNP. PERSPECTIVE: This is the first study showing that the effects of graded exposure in vivo generalize to patients with chronic PTNP reporting elevated levels of pain-related fear. This could help clinicians to customize treatments for PTNP.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/965/CN-00666965/frame.html										
R. Jorde, M. Sneve, M. Hutchinson, N. Emaus, Y. Figenschau and G. Grimnes	2010	Tracking of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels during 14 years in a population-based study and during 12 months in an intervention study		American journal of epidemiology			171		8	903-8						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Tracking of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels during 14 years in a population-based study and during 12 months in an intervention study								Pubmed 20219763						CN-00742437				Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels are associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and they also appear to predict later development of type 2 diabetes, cancer, and an increased mortality rate. These predictions are all based on a single 25(OH)D measurement, but so far there are no known reports on tracking of serum 25(OH)D levels. In the present Norwegian study, serum 25(OH)D levels were measured 1) in 2,668 subjects in the 1994 and 2008 Tromsø surveys and 2) every third month for 1 year in 94 subjects randomly assigned to placebo in a vitamin D intervention study. There was a marked seasonal variation in 25(OH)D, and, depending on the method of adjusting for season, the correlation coefficient between serum 25(OH)D measurements from 1994 and 2008 ranged from 0.42 to 0.52. In the 1-year intervention study, the correlation between baseline and 12-month values was 0.80. Apart from the effect of season, changes in weight, intake of vitamin D, and physical activity were related to change in serum 25(OH)D levels. Tracking of serum 25(OH)D appears similar to that for blood pressure and serum lipids, and it provides some support for the use of a single 25(OH)D measurement to predict future health outcomes.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/437/CN-00742437/frame.html										
D. A. Josbeno	2009	The relationship between physical activity, physical function and psychosocial variables in individuals post-bariatric surgery				University of Pittsburgh	Ph.D.			110 p								The relationship between physical activity, physical function and psychosocial variables in individuals post-bariatric surgery		978-1-109-40468-5																The incidence of morbid obesity (BMI >= 40 kg·m-2) is increasing at an exponential rate. Currently, the most viable option for weight loss is bariatric surgery. Success following surgical procedure is guided by the individual's ability to make behavioral changes. A better understanding of physical activity behavior of individuals who undergo bariatric surgery will enable the development of effective post-surgical exercise guidelines and interventions to enhance surgical weight loss outcomes. Purpose. To define the physical activity profile of subjects 2--5 years post bariatric surgery by examining the relationship between physical activity and weight loss. Additionally, this study examines the association between physical function, psychosocial correlates of physical activity, and weight loss. Methods. Thirty-seven adults (percentage excess weight loss (%EWL) = 62.15 +/- 19.93, age = 50.76 +/- 9.99 years) participated. Subjects wore an activity monitor to measure their physical activity. Body height, weight, physical function, psychosocial variables of physical activity (self-efficacy, expected outcomes (benefits) and perceived barriers) and health related quality of life were measured. Assessment also included demographics, medical history, and dietary questionnaires. Results. This study determined that subjects' who have undergone bariatric surgery participated in 205.33 +/- 136.98 minutes per week of >= 3METs for >=1 minute bouts. The average dropped to 47.56 +/- 69.84 minutes per week when including only bouts of 10 continuous minutes or more. Physical activity was correlated with %EWL (r=0.47, p=<0.01) and self-efficacy (r=0.39, p<=0.02), but not with physical function, expected outcomes (benefits), perceived barriers, or HRQOL. Physical function was correlated with %EWL (p<0.05). Conclusions. The subjects' activity level failed to meet standards that have been shown necessary for weight maintenance. Those subjects that were more confident in their ability to exercise were more active and had more success losing weight. These findings suggest that behavioral interventions should include a strategy to address self-efficacy. The disparity between physical activity and physical function would suggest that subjects are capable of performing most mobility activities. Future research should focus on exercise interventions that address self-efficacy and other behavioral barriers (e.g. musculoskeletal pain and psychosocial factors) with the goal of maximizing post surgical weight loss success.	Accession Number: 2010736873. Language: English. Entry Date: 20100827. Revision Date: 20121005. Publication Type: doctoral dissertation; research. Special Interest: Perioperative Care.
UMI Order AAI3375296.		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2010736873&site=ehost-live								rzh	EBSCOhost	
L. Josyula and R. Lyle	2013	Barriers in the implementation of a physical activity intervention in primary care settings: lessons learned		Health promotion practice			14		1	81-7						Journal: Article		Barriers in the implementation of a physical activity intervention in primary care settings: lessons learned								Pubmed 21709132						CN-00905603				Barriers encountered in implementing a physical activity intervention in primary health care settings, and ways to address them, are described in this paper. A randomized comparison trial was designed to examine the impact of health care providers' written prescriptions for physical activity, with or without additional physical activity resources, to adult, nonpregnant patients on preventive care or chronic disease monitoring visits. Following abysmal recruitment outcomes, the research protocol was altered to make it more appealing to all the participants, i.e., health care providers, office personnel, and patients. Various barriers--financial, motivational, and executive--to the implementation of health promotion interventions in primary health care settings were experienced and identified. These barriers have been classified by the different participants in the research process, viz., healthcare providers, administrative personnel, researchers, and patients. Some of the barriers identified were lack of time and reimbursement for health promotion activities, and inadequate practice capacity, for health care providers; increased time and labor demands for administrative personnel; constrained access to participants, and limited funding, for researchers; and superseding commitments, and inaccurate comprehension of the research protocol, for patients. Solutions suggested to overcome these barriers include financial support, e.g., funding for researchers, remuneration for health care organization personnel, reimbursement for providers, payment for participants, and free or subsidized postage, and use of health facilities; motivational strategies such as inspirational leadership, and contests within health care organizations; and partnerships, with other expert technical and creative entities, to improve the quality, efficiency, and acceptability of health promotion interventions.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/603/CN-00905603/frame.html										
B. Jouret, N. Ahluwalia, M. Dupuy, C. Cristini, L. Nègre-Pages, H. Grandjean and M. Tauber	2009	Prevention of overweight in preschool children: results of kindergarten-based interventions		International journal of obesity (2005)			33		10	1075-83						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Prevention of overweight in preschool children: results of kindergarten-based interventions								Pubmed 19736554						CN-00770321				OBJECTIVE: Given the increasing prevalence of pediatric obesity, we evaluated two kindergarten-based strategies for reducing overweight in preschool children in the Haute-Garonne Department in France. METHODS: Kindergartens (n=79) were randomly assigned to one of the two strategies and followed for 2 years. In the first group (Epidémiologie et prévention de l'obésité infantile, EPIPOI-1), parents and teachers received basic information on overweight and health, and children underwent screening to identify those with overweight (body mass index (BMI) > or = 90th percentile) or at risk for overweight (BMI between 75 and 90th percentile), who were then followed up by their physicians. EPIPOI-2 children, in addition, received kindergarten-based education to promote healthy practices related to nutrition, physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Data on control children from non-intervention kindergartens (n=40) were retrieved from medical records at the Division of School Health. RESULTS: At baseline, groups differed significantly on age and school area (underprivileged/not). Owing to a significant interaction between school area and group, analyses were stratified by school area. At baseline, groups did not differ on overweight prevalence and BMI z-scores for any school area. After intervention, prevalence of overweight, BMI z-score and change in BMI z-score were significantly lower in intervention groups compared with controls in underprivileged areas. Using multilevel analysis adjusted for potential confounders, a significant effect on overweight prevalence at the end of the study was noted for EPIPOI-1 in underprivileged areas only (odds ratio and 95% confidence interval: 0.18 (0.07-0.51). In non-underprivileged areas, the gain in BMI z-score was lower in EPIPOI-2 group compared with control and EPIPOI-1. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that simple measures involving increasing awareness on overweight and health, and periodic monitoring of weight and height with follow-up care when indicated, could be useful to reduce overweight in young children from underprivileged areas. A reinforced strategy with an education component, in addition, may be indicated in children in non-underprivileged areas.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/321/CN-00770321/frame.html										
B. Julliac, D. Guehl, F. Chopin, P. Arne, P. Burbaud, F. Sztark and A. Cros	2007	Risk factors for the occurrence of electroencephalogram abnormalities during induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane in nonepileptic patients		Anesthesiology			106		2	243-51						Randomized Controlled Trial		Risk factors for the occurrence of electroencephalogram abnormalities during induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane in nonepileptic patients								Pubmed 17264717						CN-00578090				BACKGROUND: The aim of this prospective study was to determine the risk factors of epileptiform discharge during induction with sevoflurane in healthy adult patients. METHODS: Forty adult patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I were randomly allocated to one of four groups. Group A: Patients breathed 8% sevoflurane in oxygen (8 l/min) via a prefilled circuit. End-tidal sevoflurane was maintained at 4%. Tracheal intubation was performed at the third minute after cisatracurium injection. Group B: The anesthesia protocol was similar, but a vital capacity technique was performed. Group C: Patients were anesthetized as in group A but were hyperventilated. Group D: Patients were anesthetized as in group A, but end-tidal sevoflurane was maintained at 2%. An electroencephalogram was recorded before and during induction up to 11 min after the start of induction. Statistical analysis was performed with Statview 5.0 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Twelve patients experienced epileptiform discharges. Risk factors were female sex (odds ratio, 12.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.46-135), delay to the occurrence of beta waves (odds ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.86-0.99), and end-tidal sevoflurane (odds ratio, 8.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-69). Epileptiform discharges were not associated with significant hemodynamic or Bispectral Index variations. CONCLUSION: Induction with sevoflurane may result in epileptiform electroencephalographic activity. Only electroencephalographic monitoring allows the diagnosis. Risk factors are mainly female sex, short delay to onset of anesthesia, and high alveolar sevoflurane concentration. Induction with high sevoflurane concentration is controversial mainly in women.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/090/CN-00578090/frame.html										
E. Jung, D. Park, Y. Lee, H. Jo, Y. Lim and R. Park	2012	Evaluation of practical exercises using an intravenous simulator incorporating virtual reality and haptics device technologies		Nurse education today			32		4	458-63						Journal: Article		Evaluation of practical exercises using an intravenous simulator incorporating virtual reality and haptics device technologies								Pubmed 21664014						CN-00903214				This study confirmed the educational effectiveness of practical exercises (PE) using intravenous (IV) simulators incorporating virtual reality (VR)/haptics (based on the sense of touch) device technologies. First-year nursing students (n=114) were randomly divided into three PE groups: Group A, utilizing a conventional arm model (IV arm); Group B, utilizing a VR/Haptics IV Simulator (IV sim); and Group C, utilizing both the IV arm and IV sim. Group C scored highest on procedures for conducting venipuncture. Group B was more successful in performing injections than Groups A and C. Group C required significantly less time than Group B to complete a venipuncture injection and was faster than Group A, although this difference was not significant. In conclusion, a new paradigm of PE is suggested using both IV sim and IV arm.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/214/CN-00903214/frame.html										
K. Kai Ling, C. G. Campbell, R. C. Foster, A. D. Peterson and L. Lanningham-Foster	2014	A Pilot Walking Program Promotes Moderate-Intensity Physical Activity during Pregnancy		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			46		3	462-471								A Pilot Walking Program Promotes Moderate-Intensity Physical Activity during Pregnancy		0195-9131												2012491306. Language: English. Entry Date: 20140314. Revision Date: 20140321. Publication Type: journal article				Introduction: Walking may be a strategy for increasing moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) during pregnancy. Purpose: This study aimed to promote MPA among overweight and obese pregnant women, via walking, and to evaluate the effect of the intervention on maternal and birth outcomes. Methods: Thirty-seven overweight or obese pregnant women were randomly assigned to a walking intervention or control group. Anthropometric and objective PA (StepWatch™ Activity Monitor) data were collected for four 1-wk periods: weeks 10-14 (V1), weeks 17-19 (V2), weeks 27-29 (V3), and weeks 34-36 (V4) of gestation. Participants provided information about maternal and birth outcomes. A cadence of ≥80 steps per minute was defined as MPA, and "meaningful walking" was defined as moderate walking in ≥8-min bouts. ANOVA was used to determine the differences in walking amount and meaningful walks, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for walking intensity distribution analysis, and Fisher's exact test was used for maternal and infant outcomes analyses. Pearson correlation was used to examine the association between prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain (GWG). Results: There was significantly more MPA among women in the intervention group compared with those in the control group at V2 (overweight, P < 0.0001; obese, P < 0.025), V3 (overweight, P < 0.0001), and V4 (overweight, P < 0.0001; obese, P < 0.025). Women in the intervention group significantly increased their meaningful walks at V2 (P = 0.054), V3 (P = 0.01), and V4 (P = 0.014). There were trends for intervention group women to have more favorable maternal and birth outcomes compared with the control group. Rates of GWG at measurement points during pregnancy were significantly associated with preceding rates of GWG. Conclusion: The pilot, unsupervised walking intervention increased the MPA of overweight and obese women during pregnancy.	randomized controlled trial; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Obstetric Care; Physical Therapy; Sports Medicine. Grant Information: department of food science and human nutrition; nutretional and wellness research center of iowa state university. NLM UID: 8005433.
PMID: 24002348		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2012491306&site=ehost-live		Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA						rzh	EBSCOhost	
S. Kakinoki, A. Nomura, S. Takechi and A. Kitabatake	2001	Effects of short- and long-acting calcium channel blockers on the relationship between blood pressure and physical activity		American journal of hypertension			14		1	66-9						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Effects of short- and long-acting calcium channel blockers on the relationship between blood pressure and physical activity								Pubmed 11206682						CN-00424699				Calcium channel blockers are widely used as antihypertensive drugs. However, there is some controversy as to how they should be used. Our first aim was to clarify how the dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, benidipine, affects the quantitative relationship between blood pressure (BP) and physical activity. The second aim was to determine whether there is a relationship between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and physical activity in patients with hypertension when treating with a short-acting (nifedipine) or long-acting (benidipine) calcium channel blocker. In Study 1, ambulatory BP and physical activity were measured simultaneously in 27 patients with hypertension before and after 6 months with benidipine. In Study 2, ambulatory BP and physical activity were measured simultaneously in 16 patients with hypertension before (placebo) and after 6 weeks of crossover treatment with nifedipine and benidipine. In Study 1, there was no difference in the SBP change caused by physical activity between the pre- and posttreatment periods. In Study 2, SBP was significantly related to physical activity in the placebo (16/16) and benidipine (16/16) groups but not in the nifedipine (12/16) group. The lowest BP during day-time and nighttime in the nifedipine group were significantly lower than those in the benidipine group. Plasma renin activity (ng/mL/h) was significantly higher in the nifedipine group (1.20+/-1.05) than in the placebo (0.57+/-0.59) and benidipine (0.75+/-0.78) groups. These findings indicate that nifedipine might interfere with the adaptation mechanism of BP changed by physical activity and that the activated renin-angiotensin system might cause cardiac events.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/699/CN-00424699/frame.html										
M. Kalergis, D. Pacaud, I. Strychar, S. Meltzer, P. Jones and J. Yale	2000	Optimizing insulin delivery: assessment of three strategies in intensive diabetes management		Diabetes, obesity & metabolism			2		5	299-305						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Optimizing insulin delivery: assessment of three strategies in intensive diabetes management								Pubmed 11225745						CN-00328690				OBJECTIVE: To compare three intensive management strategies with respect to metabolic control (glycated haemoglobin, preprandial blood glucose, lipid profile, body weight, hypoglycaemic episodes) and psycho-social adaptation (quality of life, self-efficacy, stress and perceived complexity). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Fifteen adults with type 1 diabetes completed this 1-year, randomized, prospective, cross-over study. The three treatment strategies were categorized according to flexibility with insulin self-adjustments as follows: Simplified (SIMP) = meal plan based on food exchanges with no self-adjustments of insulin for food, exercise and stress; Qualitative (QUAL) = meal plan based on food exchanges with qualitative adjustment of insulin for food, exercise and stress; Quantitative (QUANT) = meal plan using carbohydrate counting with quantitative adjustment of insulin for food and qualitative adjustment for exercise and stress. All three strategies allowed for adjustments of insulin for preprandial blood glucose and the option of adjusting diet for exercise. All subjects followed each strategy for 3.5 months. Subjects kept detailed log sheets where they recorded preprandial blood glucose, insulin dosages, food intake, activity and stress level at least four times/day. The psycho-social aspects were determined with validated questionnaires that were completed before and after each strategy. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in metabolic control, quality of life and self-efficacy between the three strategies. The mean (+/- s.e.) for HbA1 levels (normal < 8.5%) were: Baseline: 10.9+/-0.06 and End of SIMP = 9.7+/-0.03; QUAL = 9.5+/-0.04; QUANT = 10.2+/-0.04. Body weight and serum lipid levels did not change significantly. The frequency of severe hypoglycaemic episodes for the entire study was 20 episodes/100 patient-years. Perceived complexity of treatment strategy increased (p < 0.0001) from SIMP to QUANT (least to most flexible). Although the majority of subjects (n = 11) were following a strategy similar to SIMP prior to entering the study, 12 subjects chose to continue with QUAL, three with QUANT and none with SIMP at the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that a strategy that allows for flexibility of self-adjustments of insulin and is not very complex (such as QUAL) may be the strategy of choice for intensive management programmes.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/690/CN-00328690/frame.html										
M. Kang, D. Bassett, T. Barreira, C. Tudor-Locke and B. Ainsworth	2012	Measurement effects of seasonal and monthly variability on pedometer-determined data		Journal of physical activity & health			9		3	336-43						Journal: Article		Measurement effects of seasonal and monthly variability on pedometer-determined data								Pubmed 21934156						CN-00903909				BACKGROUND: The seasonal and monthly variability of pedometer-determined physical activity and its effects on accurate measurement have not been examined. The purpose of the study was to reduce measurement error in step-count data by controlling a) the length of the measurement period and b) the season or month of the year in which sampling was conducted. METHODS: Twenty-three middle-aged adults were instructed to wear a Yamax SW-200 pedometer over 365 consecutive days. The step-count measurement periods of various lengths (eg, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 days, etc.) were randomly selected 10 times for each season and month. To determine accurate estimates of yearly step-count measurement, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and bias were calculated. The year-round average was considered as a criterion measure. A smaller MAPE and bias represent a better estimate. RESULTS: Differences in MAPE and bias among seasons were trivial; however, they varied among different months. The months in which seasonal changes occur presented the highest MAPE and bias. CONCLUSIONS: Targeting the data collection during certain months (eg, May) may reduce pedometer measurement error and provide more accurate estimates of year-round averages.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/909/CN-00903909/frame.html										
S. Kapral, M. Greher, G. Huber, H. Willschke, S. Kettner, R. Kdolsky and P. Marhofer	2008	Ultrasonographic guidance improves the success rate of interscalene brachial plexus blockade		Regional anesthesia and pain medicine			33		3	253-8						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Ultrasonographic guidance improves the success rate of interscalene brachial plexus blockade								Pubmed 18433677						CN-00639122				BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The use of ultrasonography in regional anesthetic blocks has rapidly evolved over the past few years. It has been speculated that ultrasound guidance might increase success rates and reduce complications. The aim of our study is to compare the success rate and quality of interscalene brachial plexus blocks performed either with direct ultrasound visualization or with the aid of nerve stimulation to guide needle placement. METHODS: A total of 160 patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification I-III) scheduled for trauma-related upper arm surgery were included in this randomized study and grouped according to the guidance method used to deliver 20 mL of ropivacaine 0.75% for interscalene brachial plexus blockade. In the ultrasound group (n = 80), the brachial plexus was visualized with a linear 5 to 10 MHz probe and the spread of the local anesthetic was assessed. In the nerve stimulation group (n = 80), the roots of the brachial plexus were located using a nerve stimulator (0.5 mA, 2 Hz, and 0.1 millisecond bandwidth). The postblock neurologic assessment was performed by a blinded investigator. RESULTS: Sensory and motor blockade parameters were recorded at different points of time. Surgical anesthesia was achieved in 99% of patients in the ultrasound vs 91% of patients in the nerve stimulation group (P < .01). Sensory, motor, and extent of blockade was significantly better in the ultrasound group when compared with the nerve stimulation group. CONCLUSIONS: The use of ultrasound to guide needle placement and monitor the spread of local anesthetic improves the success rate of interscalene brachial plexus block.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/122/CN-00639122/frame.html										
P. Karpawich, S. Paridon and W. Pinsky	1991	Failure of rate responsive ventricular pacing to improve physiological performance in the univentricular heart		Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE			14		11 Pt 2	2058-61						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Failure of rate responsive ventricular pacing to improve physiological performance in the univentricular heart								Pubmed 1721224						CN-00080182				The physiological efficacy of single chamber, rate responsive ventricular pacing (VVIR) is unknown for symptomatic patients following the Fontan procedure for univentricular hearts. A total of six postoperative children, ages 6-21 years (mean 13), with symptomatic bradycardia requiring pacing therapy, underwent comparative treadmill exercise testing in randomized fixed rate (VVI) and VVIR pacing modes. In all instances, implanted activity pulse generators (Medtronic Model 8403) were programmed to identical age-appropriate low paced rates during VVI and VVIR modes with the upper rate response at 150 ppm. All studies were performed at least 2 weeks apart. Physiological values of heart rate, blood pressure, work rate (watts), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were monitored continuously during each test using a 1 minute incremental treadmill protocol. Ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) was calculated from VO2, VCO2, and minute ventilation. The results demonstrated that although there was a significant increase in paced heart rate per minute throughout exercise (P less than 0.01) with VVIR pacing, maximum watts, VO2, and VAT remained unchanged. These findings indicate that in spite of an improved chronotropic response to exercise, children with univentricular hearts following the Fontan procedure continue to demonstrate altered hemodynamics which negate potential benefits of VVIR pacing.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/182/CN-00080182/frame.html										
S. Kashikar-Zuck, S. Flowers, D. Strotman, S. Sil, T. Ting and K. Schikler	2013	Physical activity monitoring in adolescents with juvenile fibromyalgia: findings from a clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy		Arthritis care & research			65		3	398-405						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Physical activity monitoring in adolescents with juvenile fibromyalgia: findings from a clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy								Pubmed 22972753						CN-00859545				OBJECTIVE: Juvenile fibromyalgia (JFM) is a chronic musculoskeletal pain condition that is associated with reduced physical function. Recent research has demonstrated that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective in improving daily functioning among adolescents with JFM. However, it is not known whether these improvements were accompanied by increased physical activity levels. Our objective was to analyze secondary data from a randomized clinical trial of CBT to examine whether CBT was associated with improvement in objectively measured physical activity and whether actigraphy indices corresponded with self-reported functioning among adolescents with JFM. METHODS: Participants were 114 adolescents (ages 11-18 years) recruited from pediatric rheumatology clinics that met criteria for JFM and were enrolled in a clinical trial. Subjects were randomly (1:1) assigned to receive either CBT or fibromyalgia education (FE). Participants wore a hip-mounted accelerometer for 1 week as part of their baseline and posttreatment assessments. RESULTS: The final sample included 68 subjects (94% female, mean age 15.2 years) for whom complete actigraphy data were obtained. Actigraphy measures were not found to correspond with self-reported improvements in functioning. While self-reported functioning improved in the CBT condition compared to FE, no significant changes were seen in either group for activity counts, sedentary, moderate, or vigorous activity. The CBT group had significantly lower peak and light activity at posttreatment. CONCLUSION: Actigraphy monitoring provides a unique source of information about patient outcomes. CBT intervention was not associated with increased physical activity in adolescents with JFM, indicating that combining CBT with interventions to increase physical activity may enhance treatment effects.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/545/CN-00859545/frame.html										
S. Kato, Y. Urabe and K. Kawamura	2008	Alignment control exercise changes lower extremity movement during stop movements in female basketball players		The Knee			15		4	299-304						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Alignment control exercise changes lower extremity movement during stop movements in female basketball players								Pubmed 18524598						CN-00666806				This study was intended to evaluate a short-term intervention designed to improve the lower extremity alignment with neutral position during stop movements of female basketball players when performing a quick-stop jump shot. In this study, 20 healthy female college basketball players (mean age 20.5 years) participated. The authors monitored two groups for 4 weeks: one which trained (n=10) and one which did not train (n=10). The exercise program emphasized the neutral position of lower extremities for dynamic alignment control; the players avoided the valgus position with their knees. Kinematics analysis with a lower extremity angle in the stop action was performed using three digital video cameras and analyzed using software. Following the intervention exercise program, each subject was re-evaluated at two and four weeks to determine changes in movement patterns during the "sink shot" task. Two-way analysis of variance models were used to determine differences at pre-intervention, at mid-term, and post-intervention. After the 2-week intervention, the trained athletes group made basketball shots with greater change of the lower extremity motion pattern during the stop action than did non-trained athletes (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were found between other data of the 2-week and 4-week intervention groups. Results of this study show that two weeks of training can improve the dynamic alignment control of the lower extremities, as measured using the alignment angle of the coronal plane and the torsion angle of horizontal plane during a stop action.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/806/CN-00666806/frame.html										
P. Katzmarzyk, C. Champagne, C. Tudor-Locke, S. Broyles, D. Harsha, B. Kennedy and W. Johnson	2011	A short-term physical activity randomized trial in the Lower Mississippi Delta		PloS one			6		10	e26667						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		A short-term physical activity randomized trial in the Lower Mississippi Delta								Pubmed 22046325						CN-00860620				BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine if a short-term pedometer-based intervention results in immediate increases in time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) compared to a minimal educational intervention. METHODS: A sample of 43 overweight adults 35 to 64 years of age participated in a one week pedometer-based feasibility trial monitored by accelerometry. Participants were randomized into a one-week education-only group or a group that also wore a pedometer. Accelerometer-measured MVPA was measured over 7 days at baseline and again for 7 days immediately post-intervention. RESULTS: Minutes of MVPA increased significantly in the overall sample (p = 0.02); however, the effect of adding the pedometer to the education program was not significant (p = 0.89). Mean (±SE) MVPA increased from 12.7 ± 2.4 min/day to 16.2 ± 3.6 min/day in the education-only group and from 13.2 ± 3.3 min/day to 16.3 ± 3.9 min/day in the education+pedometer group. The correlation between change in steps/day and change in MVPA was 0.69 (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that the addition of a pedometer to a short-term education program does not produce added benefits with respect to increasing physical activity in the Lower Mississippi Delta. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01264757.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/620/CN-00860620/frame.html										
H. Kawashima, H. Takase, K. Yasunaga, Y. Wakaki, Y. Katsuragi, K. Mori, T. Yamaguchi, T. Hase, N. Matsuo, T. Yasukawa, I. Tokimitsu and W. Koyama	2008	One-year ad libitum consumption of diacylglycerol oil as part of a regular diet results in modest weight loss in comparison with consumption of a triacylglycerol control oil in overweight Japanese subjects		Journal of the American Dietetic Association			108		1	57-66						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		One-year ad libitum consumption of diacylglycerol oil as part of a regular diet results in modest weight loss in comparison with consumption of a triacylglycerol control oil in overweight Japanese subjects								Pubmed 18155990						CN-00621950				OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 1-year ad libitum consumption of diacylglycerol oil on body weight and serum triglyceride in Japanese men and women. DESIGN/SUBJECTS/INTERVENTION: In a 1-year double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel trial with clinic visits at month 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12, a total of 312 Japanese men (n=174) and women (n=138) (aged 22 to 73 years) with body mass index (calculated as kg/m(2)) > or =25 and/or fasting serum triglyceride level > or =150 mg/dL (1.70 mmol/L) (aged 22 to 73 years) were randomly assigned to the diacylglycerol (n=155) or triacylglycerol (n=157) group. Participants substituted their usual home cooking oil with the assigned test oils. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in anthropometrics and serum triglyceride level were monitored at 3-month intervals across a 12-month period. RESULTS: In the intention-to-treat analysis, body weight decreased significantly in the diacylglycerol group when compared to the triacylglycerol group (P=0.013). Changes in body weight and body mass index during the study period differed between the two groups by 0.87 kg (P=0.002) and 0.32 kg (P=0.002), respectively. Participants with higher initial body mass index or greater percentage of total fat intake as diacylglycerol exhibited greater reduction in body weight. Total energy intake and physical activity were not significantly different between the groups during the study. Serum triglyceride levels decreased significantly from values in individuals with hypertriglyceridemia, but did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Modest body weight reduction was observed after 1-year ad libitum consumption of diacylglycerol oil as part of a regular diet in comparison to that of triacylglycerol oil; weight loss was greatest in participants who were obese at baseline. The weight reduction observed in diacylglycerol group was attributed to the substitution of usual home cooking oil with diacylglycerol, because total energy intake and physical activity did not differ between groups.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/950/CN-00621950/frame.html										
K. Kendall and P. Schnurr	1987	The effects of vitamin B6 supplementation on premenstrual symptoms		Obstetrics and gynecology			70		2	145-9						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		The effects of vitamin B6 supplementation on premenstrual symptoms								Pubmed 3299182						CN-00048795				A double-blind controlled study of the effects of vitamin B6 supplementation on premenstrual symptoms was conducted. Fifty-five women who reported moderate to severe premenstrual mood changes participated in the study. Symptoms were monitored prospectively through daily home record-keeping over a one-month baseline period followed by two months of treatment. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive daily supplements of 150 mg of vitamin B6 or placebo over the entire two-month treatment period. Analysis of covariance suggested that even though vitamin B6 may improve premenstrual symptoms related to autonomic reactions (eg, dizziness and vomiting) and behavioral changes (eg, poor performance and decreased social activities), a significant amount of physical and affective symptomatology remained during the premenstrual phase. In light of recently reported, potentially toxic effects of low doses of vitamin B6, our results call for caution in using this therapy for premenstrual symptoms.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/795/CN-00048795/frame.html										
K. Khunti, L. Gray, T. Skinner, M. Carey, K. Realf, H. Dallosso, H. Fisher, M. Campbell, S. Heller and M. Davies	2012	Effectiveness of a diabetes education and self management programme (DESMOND) for people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: three year follow-up of a cluster randomised controlled trial in primary care		BMJ (Clinical research ed.)			344			e2333						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effectiveness of a diabetes education and self management programme (DESMOND) for people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: three year follow-up of a cluster randomised controlled trial in primary care								Pubmed 22539172						CN-00837143				OBJECTIVE: To measure whether the benefits of a single education and self management structured programme for people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus are sustained at three years. DESIGN: Three year follow-up of a multicentre cluster randomised controlled trial in primary care, with randomisation at practice level. SETTING: 207 general practices in 13 primary care sites in the United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS: 731 of the 824 participants included in the original trial were eligible for follow-up. Biomedical data were collected on 604 (82.6%) and questionnaire data on 513 (70.1%) participants. INTERVENTION: A structured group education programme for six hours delivered in the community by two trained healthcare professional educators compared with usual care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) levels. The secondary outcomes were blood pressure, weight, blood lipid levels, smoking status, physical activity, quality of life, beliefs about illness, depression, emotional impact of diabetes, and drug use at three years. RESULTS: HbA(1c) levels at three years had decreased in both groups. After adjusting for baseline and cluster the difference was not significant (difference -0.02, 95% confidence interval -0.22 to 0.17). The groups did not differ for the other biomedical and lifestyle outcomes and drug use. The significant benefits in the intervention group across four out of five health beliefs seen at 12 months were sustained at three years (P<0.01). Depression scores and quality of life did not differ at three years. CONCLUSION: A single programme for people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus showed no difference in biomedical or lifestyle outcomes at three years although there were sustained improvements in some illness beliefs. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN17844016			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/143/CN-00837143/frame.html										
U. Kielgast, T. Krarup, J. Holst and S. Madsbad	2011	Four weeks of treatment with liraglutide reduces insulin dose without loss of glycemic control in type 1 diabetic patients with and without residual beta-cell function		Diabetes care			34		7	1463-8						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Four weeks of treatment with liraglutide reduces insulin dose without loss of glycemic control in type 1 diabetic patients with and without residual beta-cell function								Pubmed 21593296						CN-00799907				OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of 4 weeks of treatment with liraglutide on insulin dose and glycemic control in type 1 diabetic patients with and without residual ?-cell function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Ten type 1 diabetic patients with residual ?-cell function (C-peptide positive) and 19 without (C-peptide negative) were studied. All C-peptide-positive patients were treated with liraglutide plus insulin, whereas C-peptide-negative patients were randomly assigned to liraglutide plus insulin or insulin monotherapy. Continuous glucose monitoring with identical food intake and physical activity was performed before (week 0) and during (week 4) treatment. Differences in insulin dose; HbA1c; time spent with blood glucose<3.9, >10, and 3.9-9.9 mmol/L; and body weight were evaluated. RESULTS: Insulin dose decreased from 0.50±0.06 to 0.31±0.08 units/kg per day (P<0.001) in C-peptide-positive patients and from 0.72±0.08 to 0.59±0.06 units/kg per day (P<0.01) in C-peptide-negative patients treated with liraglutide but did not change with insulin monotherapy. HbA1c decreased in both liraglutide-treated groups. The percent reduction in daily insulin dose was positively correlated with ?-cell function at baseline, and two patients discontinued insulin treatment. In C-peptide-positive patients, time spent with blood glucose<3.9 mmol/L decreased from 3.0 to 1.0 h (P=0.03). A total of 18 of 19 patients treated with liraglutide lost weight during treatment (mean [range] -2.3±0.3 kg [-0.5 to -5.1]; P<0.001). Transient gastrointestinal adverse effects occurred in almost all patients treated with liraglutide. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with liraglutide in type 1 diabetic patients reduces insulin dose with improved or unaltered glycemic control.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/907/CN-00799907/frame.html										
C. Kien, J. Bunn, C. Tompkins, J. Dumas, K. Crain, D. Ebenstein, T. Koves and D. Muoio	2013	Substituting dietary monounsaturated fat for saturated fat is associated with increased daily physical activity and resting energy expenditure and with changes in mood		The American journal of clinical nutrition			97		4	689-97						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Substituting dietary monounsaturated fat for saturated fat is associated with increased daily physical activity and resting energy expenditure and with changes in mood								Pubmed 23446891						CN-00869762				BACKGROUND: The Western diet increases risk of metabolic disease. OBJECTIVE: We determined whether lowering the ratio of saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids in the Western diet would affect physical activity and energy expenditure. DESIGN: With the use of a balanced design, 2 cohorts of 18 and 14 young adults were enrolled in separate randomized, double-masked, crossover trials that compared a 3-wk high-palmitic acid diet (HPA; similar to the Western diet fat composition) to a low-palmitic acid and high-oleic acid diet (HOA; similar to the Mediterranean diet fat composition). All foods were provided by the investigators, and the palmitic acid (PA):oleic acid (OA) ratio was manipulated by adding different oil blends to the same foods. In both cohorts, we assessed physical activity (monitored continuously by using accelerometry) and resting energy expenditure (REE). To gain insight into a possible mood disturbance that might explain changes in physical activity, the Profile of Mood States (POMS) was administered in cohort 2. RESULTS: Physical activity was higher during the HOA than during the HPA in 15 of 17 subjects in cohort 1 (P = 0.008) (mean: 12% higher; P = 0.003) and in 12 of 12 subjects in the second, confirmatory cohort (P = 0.005) (mean: 15% higher; P = 0.003). When the HOA was compared with the HPA, REE measured during the fed state was 3% higher for cohort 1 (P < 0.01), and REE was 4.5% higher in the fasted state for cohort 2 (P = 0.04). POMS testing showed that the anger-hostility score was significantly higher during the HPA (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: The replacement of dietary PA with OA was associated with increased physical activity and REE and less anger. Besides presumed effects on mitochondrial function (increased REE), the dietary PA:OA ratio appears to affect behavior. The second cohort was derived from a study that was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as R01DK082803.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/762/CN-00869762/frame.html										
J.-H. Kim, H. Jung, T.-H. Kim, S. Lee, J.-E. Kim, K.-W. Kang, S.-Y. Jung, A.-R. Kim, H.-J. Park, M.-S. Shin, K.-M. Shin, H.-J. Jung, S.-D. Lee, K.-E. Hong and S.-M. Choi	2014	Auricular acupuncture for prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension: Study protocol for a pilot multicentre randomised controlled trial		Trials			14		1							Journal: Article		Auricular acupuncture for prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension: Study protocol for a pilot multicentre randomised controlled trial														CN-00915930				Background: Hypertension, a worldwide public health problem, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and kidney disease, and the medical and economic burden of hypertension is increasing. Auricular acupuncture has been used to treat various diseases, including hypertension. Several studies have shown that auricular acupuncture treatment decreases blood pressure in patients with hypertension; however, the scientific evidence is still insufficient. Therefore, we aimed to perform a randomised controlled clinical trial in patients with prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension to evaluate the effect and safety of auricular acupuncture.Methods/designs: This on-going study is a two parallel arm, assessor-blinded, randomised controlled trial. Sixty participants with prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension will be recruited and randomly allocated into two groups in a 1:1 ratio. Participants in the auricular acupuncture group will receive auricular acupuncture treatment two times per week for 4 weeks. Participants in the usual care group will not receive any acupuncture treatment during the study period. All participants in both groups will be provided with verbal and written educational materials regarding the dietary and physical activity habits for controlling high blood pressure, and they will self-manage their lifestyle, including diet and exercise, during the study. The primary outcome is the 24-h average systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as measured with an ambulatory monitor. The secondary outcomes are the mean change in the average systolic and diastolic blood pressure during day- and night-time, the circadian rhythm of blood pressure, the mean arterial pressure, the change in blood pressure before and after auricular acupuncture treatment, the EuroQOL-5D (EQ-5D), heart rate variability (HRV), body mass index (BMI) and laboratory examination, including lipid profile and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Safety will be assessed at every visit.Discussion: This pilot multicentre randomised controlled trial will explore the feasibility of further auricular acupuncture research and provide important clinical evidence for the effect and safety of auricular acupuncture on blood pressure in patients with prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension compared with usual care. 2013 Kim et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/930/CN-00915930/frame.html										
M. Kim, H.-S. Lim, S.-H. Cho and K.-S. Bae	2014	Comparative pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of gemifloxacin administered as an intravenous 200 mg formulation or an oral 320 mg tablet		Clinical drug investigation			34		3	195-201						Journal: Article		Comparative pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of gemifloxacin administered as an intravenous 200 mg formulation or an oral 320 mg tablet														CN-00981796				Background: Gemifloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent, which has potent activity against most Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms. It is indicated for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical potential of a new gemifloxacin 200 mg intravenous formulation by comparing its pharmacokinetic characteristics with those of the branded Factive<sup></sup> gemifloxacin tablet. Methods: A single-dose, open-label, randomized-sequence, two-period crossover study was performed with 17 healthy male volunteers. The two treatment periods were separated by a 1-week washout period. Blood samples were taken for up to 48 h post-dose. Plasma gemifloxacin concentrations were determined by a validated high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. To calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters, noncompartmental analysis was performed. The two formulations were considered to be pharmacokinetically equivalent if the 90 % confidence intervals (CIs) of the log-transformed ratios (intravenous/oral formulations) of the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) from time zero to the time of the last measurable concentration (AUC<sub>last</sub>) and the AUC from time zero to infinity (AUC <sub></sub>) were within the standard bioequivalence range (0.8-1.25). Safety and tolerability were evaluated on the basis of physical examinations, vital signs, electrocardiograms, clinical laboratory tests and adverse event monitoring. Results: Seventeen subjects were enrolled, and 15 subjects completed the study. Sixteen subjects received intravenous 200 mg gemifloxacin and 15 received oral 320 mg gemifloxacin. The 15 subjects in the pharmacokinetic analysis set had a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age, height and weight of 27.2 (5.3) years, 173.5 (4.4) cm and 67.3 (7.4) kg, respectively. Both formulations had similar pharmacokinetic profiles. For the intravenous formulation, the mean (SD) AUC<sub>last</sub>, AUC<sub></sub> and maximum plasma concentration (C <sub>max</sub>) values were 9.12 (4.03) mugh/mL, 9.26 (4.07) mugh/mL and 2.90 (1.65) mug/mL, respectively, while these values for the oral formulation were 9.44 (3.34) mugh/mL, 9.60 (3.49) mugh/mL and 2.03 (0.95) mug/mL, respectively. For the intravenous and oral formulations, the median (range) time to reach C <sub>max</sub> (t <sub>max</sub>) values were 0.9 (0.7-1.0) and 1.0 (0.5-2.0) h, respectively. The mean relative bioavailability was 68.99 %. The 90 % CI of the ratios of the log-transformed values of AUC<sub>last</sub> and AUC<sub></sub> was 0.82-1.07. There were no serious adverse events. The intravenous and oral formulations were associated with treatment-emergent adverse event incidences of 63 % (10/16) and 13 % (2/15), respectively. After the intravenous formulation was administered, application site pain and paraesthesia were the most frequently reported adverse events (31 and 25 %, respectively). All adverse events resolved spontaneously without treatment. Conclusion: Intravenous 200 mg and oral 320 mg formulations of gemifloxacin are equivalent in terms of AUC following a single dose in healthy male subjects. 2013 Springer International Publishing.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/796/CN-00981796/frame.html										
S. Y. S. Kimm, N. W. Glynn, A. M. Kriska, S. L. Fitzgerald, D. J. Aaron, S. L. Similo, R. P. McMahon and B. A. Barton	2000	Longitudinal changes in physical activity in a biracial cohort during adolescence		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			32		8	1445-1454								Longitudinal changes in physical activity in a biracial cohort during adolescence		0195-9131												2000071250. Language: English. Entry Date: 20001101. Revision Date: 20091218. Publication Type: journal article				PURPOSE: This report describes the development and use of two self-report methods and an objective measure to assess longitudinal changes in physical activity in a large biethnic cohort of young girls from childhood through adolescence. METHODS: The NHLBI Growth and Health Study (NGHS) is a multicenter study of obesity development in 2379 black and white girls followed from ages 9-10 yr to 18-19 yr (NGHS years 1-10). A Caltrac activity monitor was used to objectively quantify activity levels in years 3-5. A 3-d diary (AD) and a habitual patterns questionnaire (HAQ) were administered annually and biannually, respectively, to subjectively quantify physical activity levels. The changing pattern of activities as the girls matured during the 10-yr study period necessitated periodic form changes. Empirical analytic approaches were developed to help distinguish between true longitudinal changes in activity levels from potential numerical artifacts resulting from modifications in forms. RESULTS: The longitudinal activity data indicate a steep decline in the level of reported activity from baseline to year 10 as indicated by AD scores (446.8 to 292.1 MET-min x d(-1), 35%) as well as by HAQ scores (29.3 to 4.9 MET-times x wk(-1), 83%). This parallel trend in the pattern of the decline in activity among the two self-report methods was mirrored by a similar decline using the Caltrac method of physical activity assessment. From years 3 to 5, the AD decreased by 22%, whereas both the HAQ and Caltrac declined by 21%. CONCLUSION: The longitudinal data on physical activity collected in the NGHS cohort further confirm a dramatic decrease in the overall level of physical activity during the transition from childhood to adolescence. The consistency among the three methods indicate that both the AD and HAQ are useful tools for the assessment of activity levels in adolescent girls.	forms; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Grant Information: National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute grant no. UO1-HL48941-44. No. of Refs: 33 ref. NLM UID: 8005433. Email: kimm+@pitt.edu.
PMID: 10949011		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2000071250&site=ehost-live		Professor, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Dept of Family Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, M-200 Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261						rzh	EBSCOhost	
A. King, D. Ahn, B. Oliveira, A. Atienza, C. Castro and C. Gardner	2008	Promoting physical activity through hand-held computer technology		American journal of preventive medicine			34		2	138-42						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Promoting physical activity through hand-held computer technology								Pubmed 18201644						CN-00629397				BACKGROUND: Efforts to achieve population-wide increases in walking and similar moderate-intensity physical activities potentially can be enhanced through relevant applications of state-of-the-art interactive communication technologies. Yet few systematic efforts to evaluate the efficacy of hand-held computers and similar devices for enhancing physical activity levels have occurred. The purpose of this first-generation study was to evaluate the efficacy of a hand-held computer (i.e., personal digital assistant [PDA]) for increasing moderate intensity or more vigorous (MOD+) physical activity levels over 8 weeks in mid-life and older adults relative to a standard information control arm. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled 8-week experiment. Data were collected in 2005 and analyzed in 2006-2007. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Community-based study of 37 healthy, initially underactive adults aged 50 years and older who were randomized and completed the 8-week study (intervention=19, control=18). INTERVENTION: Participants received an instructional session and a PDA programmed to monitor their physical activity levels twice per day and provide daily and weekly individualized feedback, goal setting, and support. Controls received standard, age-appropriate written physical activity educational materials. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Physical activity was assessed via the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire at baseline and 8 weeks. RESULTS: Relative to controls, intervention participants reported significantly greater 8-week mean estimated caloric expenditure levels and minutes per week in MOD+ activity (p<0.04). Satisfaction with the PDA was reasonably high in this largely PDA-naive sample. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this first-generation study indicate that hand-held computers may be effective tools for increasing initial physical activity levels among underactive adults.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/397/CN-00629397/frame.html										
H.-K. King, S. Ashley, D. Brathwaite, J. Decayette and D. Wooten	1993	Adequacy of general anesthesia for cesarean section		Anesthesia and analgesia			77		1	84-8								Adequacy of general anesthesia for cesarean section														CN-00197453				To assess the adequacy of the general anesthesia commonly employed for Cesarean section, we used isolated forearm technique to study 30 parturients (physical status ASA I/II, aged 17-35 yr) scheduled for nonemergent abdominal delivery. Anesthesia was induced with intravenous thiopental (3 mg/kg, 250 mg maximum) and succinylcholine (1.5 mg/kg), and then proceeded with a mixture of 50% N2O, 50% O2, and 0.5% halothane at a flow of 5 L/min and end-tidal CO2 at 40 mm Hg. Paralysis was maintained with a 0.1% succinylcholine infusion. When eyelash reflex disappeared, patients received taped instruction via headphones at 1-min intervals for 10 min. The tapes instructed patients to flex fingers if they were able to hear, to make a fist or squeeze the investigator's hand if they felt pain, to remember six target words, and to respond with specific physical signals during later interviews. Three sets of tapes assigned at random were used in the study. For signs of inadequate anesthesia, other variables such as eye centering, pupil size, sweating, and lacrimation were concomitantly monitored at the time of induction, laryngoscopy/intubation, and skin incision, and then at 1-min intervals for 10 min. Brain activity was also monitored by means of computerized aperiodic analysis of electroencephalogram Lifescan (R)). Patients were interviewed in the postanesthesia recovery room and again 24 h later. At the time of skin incision, 96.7% of patients (29/30) signaled awareness by flexing fingers, 86.7% (26/30) exhibited lacrimation, and 80% (24/30) made a fist or squeezed the investigator's hand, indicating pain perception. One minute after skin incision, 76.7% (23/30) signaled awareness and 63.3% (19/30) signaled pain. Two minutes after skin incision, 20% (6/30) signaled awareness, 6.7% (2/30) signaled pain, and one patient showed signs of awareness for an additional minute. In postoperative interviews, no patient remembered any intraoperative events or any target word, nor did anyone respond with physical signals requested in the taped instruction. Brain activity monitoring revealed a significant shift of activity edge to the left, with decrement of frequency after induction and during endotracheal intubation in all parturients, an abrupt, marked increase of frequency during skin incision in 83.3% (25/30) of mothers, and a marked slowing of frequency after narcotic administration followed by delivery in all of them. We conclude that allowing surgery to begin immediately after endotracheal intubation does not provide adequate anesthesia at the time of skin incision during abdominal delivery. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B. V., Amsterdam. All Rights Reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/453/CN-00197453/frame.html										
W. C. King, J. Y. Hsu, S. H. Belle, A. P. Courcoulas, G. M. Eid, D. R. Flum, J. E. Mitchell, J. R. Pender, M. D. Smith, K. J. Steffen and B. M. Wolfe	2012	Pre- to postoperative changes in physical activity: report from the longitudinal assessment of bariatric surgery-2 (LABS-2)		Surgery for Obesity & Related Diseases			8		5	522-32					Sep-Oct	Multicenter Study
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Pre- to postoperative changes in physical activity: report from the longitudinal assessment of bariatric surgery-2 (LABS-2)	Surg	1878-7533					NIHMS318873
PMC3248952							21944951				BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have reported that bariatric surgery patients report more physical activity (PA) after surgery than before; however, the quality of the PA assessment has been questionable.
METHODS: The longitudinal assessment of bariatric surgery-2 is a 10-center longitudinal study of adults undergoing bariatric surgery. Of 2458 participants, 455 were given an activity monitor, which records the steps per minute, and an exercise diary before and 1 year after surgery. The mean number of steps/d, active min/d, and high-cadence min/wk were calculated for 310 participants who wore the monitor >10 hr/d for >3 days at both evaluations. Pre- and postoperative PA were compared for differences using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Generalized estimating equations were used to identify independent preoperative predictors of postoperative PA.
RESULTS: PA increased significantly (P < .0001) from before to after surgery for all PA measures. The median values before and after surgery were 7563 and 8788 steps/d, 309 and 340 active min/d, and 72 and 112 high-cadence min/wk, respectively. However, depending on the PA measure, 24-29% of participants were >5% less active postoperatively than preoperatively. Controlling for surgical procedure, gender, age, and body mass index, more PA preoperatively independently predicted for more PA postoperatively (P < .0001, for all PA measures). Less pain, not having asthma, and the self-report of increasing PA as a weight loss strategy preoperatively also independently predicted for more high-cadence min/wk postoperatively (P < .05).
CONCLUSIONS: The majority of adults increase their PA level after bariatric surgery. However, most remain insufficiently active, and some become less active. Increasing PA, addressing pain, and treating asthma before surgery might have a positive effect on postoperative PA. Copyright 2012 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	King, Wendy C
Hsu, Jesse Y
Belle, Steven H
Courcoulas, Anita P
Eid, George M
Flum, David R
Mitchell, James E
Pender, John R
Smith, Mark D
Steffen, Kristine J
Wolfe, Bruce M
S1550-7289(11)00600-9
M01RR-00037 (United States NCRR NIH HHS)
U01 DK066471 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01 DK066471-01 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01 DK066526-01 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01 DK066555-01 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01 DK066557-01 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01 DK066568-01 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01 DK066585-01 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01 DK066667-01 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01-DK066557 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01-DK66471 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01-DK66526 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01-DK66555 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01-DK66568 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01-DK66585 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01-DK66667 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
UL1 RR024153 (United States NCRR NIH HHS)
UL1 TR000423 (United States NCATS NIH HHS)
UL1-RR024153 (United States NCRR NIH HHS)
UL1RR024996 (United States NCRR NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medc&AN=21944951http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+Corrections&genre=article&id=pmid:21944951&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.soard.2011.07.018&issn=1550-7289&volume=8&issue=5&spage=522&pages=522-32&date=2012&title=Surgery+for+Obesity+%26+Related+Diseases&atitle=Pre-+to+postoperative+changes+in+physical+activity%3A+report+from+the+longitudinal+assessment+of+bariatric+surgery-2+%28LABS-2%29.&aulast=King&pid=%3Cauthor%3EKing+WC%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21944951%3C%2FAN%3E		University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. kingw@edc.pitt.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

W. C. King, M. A. Kalarchian, K. J. Steffen, B. M. Wolfe, K. A. Elder and J. E. Mitchell	2013	Associations between physical activity and mental health among bariatric surgical candidates		Journal of Psychosomatic Research			74		2	161-9					Feb	Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Associations between physical activity and mental health among bariatric surgical candidates	J Psychosom Res	1879-1360					NIHMS423605
PMC3556899							23332532				OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between physical activity (PA) and mental health among adults undergoing bariatric surgery.
METHODS: Cross sectional analysis was conducted on pre-operative data of 850 adults with >class 2 obesity. PA was measured with a step activity monitor; mean daily steps, active minutes, and high-cadence minutes (proxy for moderate-vigorous intensity PA) were determined. Mental health functioning, depressive symptoms and treatment for depression or anxiety were measured with the medical outcomes study 36-item short form, Beck depression inventory, and a study-specific questionnaire, respectively. Logistic regression analyses tested associations between PA and mental health indicators, controlling for potential confounders. Receiver operative characteristic analysis determined PA thresholds that best differentiated odds of each mental health indicator.
RESULTS: Each PA parameter was significantly (p<.05) associated with a decreased odds of depressive symptoms and/or treatment for depression or anxiety, but not with impaired mental health functioning. After controlling for sociodemographics and physical health, only associations with treatment for depression and anxiety remained statistically significant. PA thresholds that best differentiated those who had vs. had not recently received treatment for depression or anxiety were <191 active minutes/day, <4750 steps/day, and <8 high-cadence minutes/day. Utilizing high-cadence minutes, compared to active minutes or steps, yielded the highest classification accuracy.
CONCLUSION: Adults undergoing bariatric surgery who meet relatively low thresholds of PA (e.g., >8 high-cadence minutes/day, representative of approximately 1h/week of moderate-vigorous intensity PA) are less likely to have recently received treatment for depression or anxiety compared to less active counterparts. Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	King, Wendy C
Kalarchian, Melissa A
Steffen, Kristine J
Wolfe, Bruce M
Elder, Katherine A
Mitchell, James E
S0022-3999(12)00319-4
M01RR-00037 (United States NCRR NIH HHS)
U01 DK066471 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01 DK066557 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01 DK066585 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01-DK66471 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01-DK66526 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01-DK66555 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01-DK66568 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01-DK66585 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01-DK66667 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
UL1 RR024153 (United States NCRR NIH HHS)
UL1 TR000457 (United States NCATS NIH HHS)
UL1-RR024153 (United States NCRR NIH HHS)
UL1-RR024996 (United States NCRR NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medc&AN=23332532http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+Corrections&genre=article&id=pmid:23332532&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.jpsychores.2012.11.010&issn=0022-3999&volume=74&issue=2&spage=161&pages=161-9&date=2013&title=Journal+of+Psychosomatic+Research&atitle=Associations+between+physical+activity+and+mental+health+among+bariatric+surgical+candidates.&aulast=King&pid=%3Cauthor%3EKing+WC%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23332532%3C%2FAN%3E		University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Pittsburgh 15261, USA. kingw@edc.pitt.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

W. C. King, J. Li, K. Leishear, J. E. Mitchell and S. H. Belle	2011	Determining activity monitor wear time: an influential decision rule		Journal of Physical Activity & Health			8		4	566-80					May	Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Determining activity monitor wear time: an influential decision rule	J Phys Act Health	1543-3080					NIHMS466482
PMC3711095							21597130				BACKGROUND: Accurately measuring physical activity (PA) with activity monitors requires sufficient monitor wear time which can be difficult to assess. Monitor sensitivity to movement and population characteristics (eg, children vs. adults) may dictate the duration of monitor inactivity indicative of nonwear. A standardized method for determining appropriate decision rules to identify wear time is needed.
METHODS: Several decision rules based on minimum durations of monitor inactivity (ie, 60, 90, 120, 150 minutes) to identify nonwear were applied to Stepwatch Activity Monitor data from 1064 adult bariatric surgical candidates. The frequency, pattern, and duration of resulting nonwear and wear periods were examined. Generalized Estimating Equations tested the effect of these decision rules on PA measures.
RESULTS: A 60-minute duration resulted in unreasonably large percentages of subjects with unlikely wear patterns [eg, >3 nonwear periods in a day (29.9%); >2 wear periods of less than an hour in a day (28.7%)]; 120 minutes appeared most reasonable. Wear time decision rules impacted PA measures.
CONCLUSIONS: The methods described in this paper can be used to determine appropriate instrument and population specific wear time decision rules. Recognizing monitor wear time is estimated, PA measures least affected by wear time are preferable.	King, Wendy C
Li, Jia
Leishear, Kira
Mitchell, James E
Belle, Steven H
M01RR-00037 (United States NCRR NIH HHS)
U01 DK066471 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01 DK066526 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01 DK066555 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01 DK066557 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01 DK066568 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01 DK066585 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01 DK066667 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01-DK66471 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01-DK66526 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01-DK66555 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01-DK66568 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01-DK66585 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
U01-DK66667 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
UL1 RR025014 (United States NCRR NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medc&AN=21597130http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+Corrections&genre=article&id=pmid:21597130&id=doi:&issn=1543-3080&volume=8&issue=4&spage=566&pages=566-80&date=2011&title=Journal+of+Physical+Activity+%26+Health&atitle=Determining+activity+monitor+wear+time%3A+an+influential+decision+rule.&aulast=King&pid=%3Cauthor%3EKing+WC%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21597130%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

A. Kingsnorth, M. Hyland, C. Porter and S. Sodergren	2000	Prospective double-blind randomized study comparing Perfix plug-and-patch with Lichtenstein patch in inguinal hernia repair: One year quality of life results		Hernia			4		4	255-8						Journal: Conference Paper		Prospective double-blind randomized study comparing Perfix plug-and-patch with Lichtenstein patch in inguinal hernia repair: One year quality of life results														CN-00399788				Background. The 14 day results of this study reported elsewhere demonstrated that the Perfix plug-and-patch was as effective as the Lichtenstein patch but not as cost-effective. The present analysis looks at the results at one year to measure quality of life between the two groups. Patients and methods. 141 patients were randomly allocated in a double-blind manner to receive either a Lichtenstein patch (patch) or a Perfix plug-and-patch (plug-and-patch) for primary inguinal hernia. Quality of life at 6 months and one year was assessed by the short-form 36 (SF36). On a 3 point scale patients were asked at one year to rate groin, wound and testicular discomfort. Results. Physical function by SF36 was similar in the 2 groups at 6 months, but at one year in the patch group (95.11 +/- 20.07) was significantly better (p < 0.05) than physical function in the plug-and-patch group (82.5 + 20.98). At one year the number of patients with wound discomfort limiting work or social activities was significantly greater in patients receiving the plug-and-patch (n = 12) compared with patients receiving the patch (n = 4), p < 0.031. At one year, 4 of 70 patients receiving the plug-and-patch had required reoperation to remove the preformed plug-and-patch device and replace it with a flat Lichtenstein patch, because of wound pain which was limiting activity. Conclusion. A significant proportion of patients suffer chronic pain after placement of a Perfix plug-and-patch for primary inguinal hernia repair. Removal of the Perfix device is required in approximately 1 in 20 patients (5.6% in this series).			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/788/CN-00399788/frame.html										
E. T. Kinter, A. Schmeding, I. Rudolph, S. dosReis and J. F. Bridges	2009	Identifying patient-relevant endpoints among individuals with schizophrenia: an application of patient-centered health technology assessment		International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care			25		1	35-41					Jan	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Identifying patient-relevant endpoints among individuals with schizophrenia: an application of patient-centered health technology assessment	Int J Technol Assess Health Care	0266-4623												19126249				OBJECTIVES: Schizophrenia imposes a great burden on society, and while evaluation should play an important role in informing society's efforts to alleviate these burdens, it is unclear what "endpoints" should be chosen as the objective of such analyses. The objectives of the study were to elicit endpoints directly from patients with schizophrenia, to ascertain whether patients are sufficiently cognoscente to express what endpoints are and are not important to them and to rank the relevant endpoints.
METHODS: We applied principles of patient-centered health technology assessment to identify and value endpoints from the patient's perspective. Focus groups were conducted to elicit endpoints, using interpretive phenomalogical analysis (IPA) to guide the collection, analysis and interpretation of data. Patient interviews were subsequently used to elicit patient preference over endpoints. Respondents were presented with cards outlining the endpoints and asked to remove irrelevant cards. They where then asked to identify and rank their five most relevant endpoints in order of importance. Interviews were recorded for the purposed of triangulation, and data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Patients were recruited from five geographically diverse cities in Germany. Eligibility required a diagnosis of schizophrenia by a physician and treatment with an antipsychotic medication for at least one year. Respondents were excluded if they were experiencing an acute episode.
RESULTS: Thirteen endpoints emerged as important from the focus groups spanning side-effects, functional status, processes of care and clinical outcomes. Respondents could clearly identify relevant and irrelevant endpoints, and rank which factors were important to them. Triangulation between field notes of the ranking exercise and recordings confirmed that rankings were not arbitrary, but justified from the respondents' point of view.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with schizophrenia can express preferences over endpoints. Our results show that qualitative methods such as IPA can be used to identify factors, but ranking exercises provide a more robust method for ranking the importance of endpoints. Future research involving patients with schizophrenia ranking outcomes is needed to identify variations across patients and methods such as conjoint analysis could prove beneficial in identifying acceptable tradeoffs across endpoints.	Kinter, Elizabeth T
Schmeding, Annette
Rudolph, Ina
dosReis, Susan
Bridges, John F P		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19126249http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19126249&id=doi:10.1017%2FS0266462309090059&issn=0266-4623&volume=25&issue=1&spage=35&pages=35-41&date=2009&title=International+Journal+of+Technology+Assessment+in+Health+Care&atitle=Identifying+patient-relevant+endpoints+among+individuals+with+schizophrenia%3A+an+application+of+patient-centered+health+technology+assessment.&aulast=Kinter&pid=%3Cauthor%3EKinter+ET%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19126249%3C%2FAN%3E		Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. ekinter@jhsph.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

L. Kirkwood, E. Aldujaili and S. Drummond	2007	Effects of advice on dietary intake and/or physical activity on body composition, blood lipids and insulin resistance following a low-fat, sucrose-containing, high-carbohydrate, energy-restricted diet		International journal of food sciences and nutrition			58		5	383-97						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of advice on dietary intake and/or physical activity on body composition, blood lipids and insulin resistance following a low-fat, sucrose-containing, high-carbohydrate, energy-restricted diet								Pubmed 17558730						CN-00618224				AIM: To determine the effect of dietary advice in conjunction with advice to increase physical activity on the body composition, blood lipid and insulin profiles in overweight women. DESIGN: A 12-week randomized controlled intervention study. subjects were assigned to one of four groups: (1) no advice, (2) low-fat, high-carbohydrate (including sucrose) energy-reduced diet, (3) 60 min/day brisk walking, and (4) diet and activity advice as previous. SUBJECTS: Sixty-nine overweight women (mean age 41 years). MEASUREMENTS: Dietary compliance was assessed by 4-day diet diaries. Activity levels were assessed by Caltractrade mark accelerator monitors. Anthropometric changes were recorded at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks. Fasting blood samples measuring glucose, insulin, and blood lipids were recorded at baseline and 12 weeks. RESULTS: Group 4 achieved greatest weight loss of 4.2 kg and greatest reduction in waist circumference of 6.5 cm. Groups 2 and 4 decreased the percentage energy from fat by 5.2%. Group 3 increased the percentage energy from fat by 4.0%. Group 4 significantly reduced total cholesterol by 0.45 mmol/l and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol by 0.53 mmol/l. CONCLUSION: A low-fat, high-carbohydrate, sucrose-containing diet combined with increased physical exercise resulted in greater health benefits than diet or physical activity advice alone.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/224/CN-00618224/frame.html										
S. Klausen, U. Mikkelsen, A. Hirth, J. Wetterslev, H. Kjærgaard, L. Søndergaard and L. Andersen	2012	Design and rationale for the PREVAIL study: effect of e-Health individually tailored encouragements to physical exercise on aerobic fitness among adolescents with congenital heart disease--a randomized clinical trial		American heart journal			163		4	549-56						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Design and rationale for the PREVAIL study: effect of e-Health individually tailored encouragements to physical exercise on aerobic fitness among adolescents with congenital heart disease--a randomized clinical trial								Pubmed 22520519						CN-00832229				Intensive exercise may be an important part of rehabilitation in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). However, performing regular physical exercise is challenging for many adolescent patients. Consequently, effective exercise encouragements may be needed. Little is known on the effect of e-Health encouragements on physical fitness, physical activity, and health-related quality of life in adolescents. This trial is a nationwide interactive e-Health rehabilitation study lasting 1 year, centered on interactive use of mobile phone and Internet technology. We hypothesize that e-Health encouragements and interactive monitoring of intensive exercise for 1 year can improve physical fitness, physical activity, and health-related quality of life. Two hundred sixteen adolescents (age, 13-16 years) with surgically corrected complex CHD but without significant hemodynamic residual defects and no restrictions to participate in physical activity are in the process of being enrolled by invitation after informed consent. Physical fitness is measured as the maximal oxygen uptake (Vo(2)) at baseline and after 12 months by an assessor blinded to the randomization group. After baseline testing, the patients are 1:1 randomized to an intervention group or a control group. Individually fully automated tailored e-Health encouragements--SMS, Internet, and mobile applications--aimed at increasing physical activity are delivered to the participants in the intervention group once a week. The Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory inspires the behavioral theoretical background. The e-Health intervention and the Godfrey cycle ergometer protocol have been feasibility tested and seem applicable to adolescents with CHD. The trial is expected to contribute with new knowledge regarding how physical activity in adolescents with CHD can be increased and, possibly, comorbidity be reduced.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/229/CN-00832229/frame.html										
R. C. Klesges, L. M. Klesges, A. M. Swenson and A. M. Pheley	1985	A validation of two motion sensors in the prediction of child and adult physical activity levels		American Journal of Epidemiology			122		3	400-10					Sep	Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		A validation of two motion sensors in the prediction of child and adult physical activity levels	Am J Epidemiol	0002-9262												4025290				The authors sought to assess the reliability and validity of two motion activity sensors in the prediction of observed physical activity levels in adults and children by means of two studies at North Dakota State University in Fargo, North Dakota. In study 1, 50 adults were observed in fall 1984 for one hour of recreational activity while they simultaneously wore two motion sensors: an activity counter (i.e., LSI Moving Activity Monitor (GMM Electronics Inc., Verona, PA)) and an electronic accelerometer (i.e., Caltrac Personal Activity Computer (Hemokinetics, Inc., Vienna, VA)). The results indicated that both the activity counter (r = 0.65) and the accelerometer (r = 0.69) strongly correlated to observed physical activity levels. The two motion sensors also were highly correlated to each other (r = 0.83). A correlation of self-reports of time spent in various types of physical activity to observed physical activity ranged from 0.21 to 0.88 (mean = 0.60). Study 2 evaluated these same two sensors in winter 1984 in 30 preschool children observed in a freeplay situation. Results of this study indicated very modest relationships between observed physical activity levels and accelerometer readings (r = 0.35) and activity counter readings (r = 0.40). The two motion sensors intercorrelated at very modest levels (r = 0.42). The results indicate that while both motion sensors closely corresponded to observed levels of physical activity in adults, neither sensor correlated substantively to observed levels of physical activity in children. Implications for validating and utilizing these sensors in epidemiologic research are discussed.	Klesges, R C
Klesges, L M
Swenson, A M
Pheley, A M
HD-17796-02 (United States NICHD NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=4025290http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1980+to+1987%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:4025290&id=doi:&issn=0002-9262&volume=122&issue=3&spage=400&pages=400-10&date=1985&title=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&atitle=A+validation+of+two+motion+sensors+in+the+prediction+of+child+and+adult+physical+activity+levels.&aulast=Klesges&pid=%3Cauthor%3EKlesges+RC%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E4025290%3C%2FAN%3E								MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

R. Klesges, L. Klesges, A. Swenson and A. Pheley	1985	A validation of two motion sensors in the prediction of child and adult physical activity levels		American journal of epidemiology			122		3	400-10						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		A validation of two motion sensors in the prediction of child and adult physical activity levels								Pubmed 4025290						CN-00039145				The authors sought to assess the reliability and validity of two motion activity sensors in the prediction of observed physical activity levels in adults and children by means of two studies at North Dakota State University in Fargo, North Dakota. In study 1, 50 adults were observed in fall 1984 for one hour of recreational activity while they simultaneously wore two motion sensors: an activity counter (i.e., LSI Moving Activity Monitor (GMM Electronics Inc., Verona, PA)) and an electronic accelerometer (i.e., Caltrac Personal Activity Computer (Hemokinetics, Inc., Vienna, VA)). The results indicated that both the activity counter (r = 0.65) and the accelerometer (r = 0.69) strongly correlated to observed physical activity levels. The two motion sensors also were highly correlated to each other (r = 0.83). A correlation of self-reports of time spent in various types of physical activity to observed physical activity ranged from 0.21 to 0.88 (mean = 0.60). Study 2 evaluated these same two sensors in winter 1984 in 30 preschool children observed in a freeplay situation. Results of this study indicated very modest relationships between observed physical activity levels and accelerometer readings (r = 0.35) and activity counter readings (r = 0.40). The two motion sensors intercorrelated at very modest levels (r = 0.42). The results indicate that while both motion sensors closely corresponded to observed levels of physical activity in adults, neither sensor correlated substantively to observed levels of physical activity in children. Implications for validating and utilizing these sensors in epidemiologic research are discussed.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/145/CN-00039145/frame.html										
R. Klesges, E. Obarzanek, S. Kumanyika, D. Murray, L. Klesges, G. Relyea, M. Stockton, J. Lanctot, B. Beech, B. McClanahan, D. Sherrill-Mittleman and D. Slawson	2010	The Memphis Girls' health Enrichment Multi-site Studies (GEMS): an evaluation of the efficacy of a 2-year obesity prevention program in African American girls		Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine			164		11	1007-14						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		The Memphis Girls' health Enrichment Multi-site Studies (GEMS): an evaluation of the efficacy of a 2-year obesity prevention program in African American girls								Pubmed 21041593						CN-00772193				OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of a 2-year obesity prevention program in African American girls. DESIGN: Memphis GEMS (Girls' health Enrichment Multi-site Studies) was a controlled trial in which girls were randomly assigned to an obesity prevention program or alternative intervention. SETTING: Local community centers and YWCAs (Young Women's Christian Associations) in Memphis, Tennessee. PARTICIPANTS: Girls aged 8 to 10 years (N = 303) who were identified by a parent or guardian as African American and who had a body mass index (BMI) at or higher than the 25th percentile for age or 1 parent with a BMI of 25 or higher. INTERVENTIONS: Group behavioral counseling to promote healthy eating and increased physical activity (obesity prevention program) or self-esteem and social efficacy (alternative intervention). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The BMI at 2 years. RESULTS: The BMI increased in all girls with no treatment effect (obesity prevention minus alternative intervention) at 2 years (mean, 0.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.40 to 0.58). Two-year treatment effects in the expected direction were observed for servings per day of sweetened beverages (mean, -0.19; 95% CI, -0.39 to 0.09), water (mean, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.40), and vegetables (mean, 0.15; 95% CI,-0.02 to 0.30), but there were no effects on physical activity. Post hoc analyses suggested a treatment effect in younger girls (P for interaction = .08). The mean BMI difference at 2 years was -2.41 (95% CI, -4.83 to 0.02) in girls initially aged 8 years and -1.02 (95% CI, -2.31 to 0.27) in those initially aged 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of significant BMI change at 2 years indicates that this intervention alone is insufficient for obesity prevention. Effectiveness may require more explicit behavior change goals and a stronger physical activity component as well as supportive changes in environmental contexts.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/193/CN-00772193/frame.html										
R. C. Klesges and et al.	1984	The FATS: An observational system for assessing physical activity in children and associated parent behavior		Behavioral Assessment			6		4	333-345					Fal	Empirical Study		The FATS: An observational system for assessing physical activity in children and associated parent behavior		0191-5401												Peer-Reviewed Status-Unknown: 1985-19074-001				Examined the psychometric properties of an observational measure-the Fargo Activity Timesampling Survey (FATS)-of both physical activity and parent-child interactions related to physical activity. Study 1 compared 2 normal White males (aged 20 and 22 mo), 1 of whom was normal weight and the other overweight, on a 90-min assessment using the FATS. The overweight S was significantly less active and also received less parental encouragement to be active than the normal-weight S. In Study 2, 2 observers blind to the experimental purpose rated each of 14 2-4 yr old White children, who ranged in weight from 25.50 to 41.75 lbs, using the FATS and a motor-activity monitor. Results demonstrate that a high degree of interrater reliability was achieved and that the Composite Index of the FATS was significantly correlated with motor activity. The Composite Index was also positively correlated with the number of parental encouragements to be active and inversely related to the number of parental discouragements to be active and the S's relative weight. In Study 3, a generalizability analysis was conducted to assess the test-retest stability of the FATS. Ss were the same Ss used in Study 2. Results indicate that the FATS was a reasonably stable measure of physical activity and that acceptable stability and standard errors could be achieved with 4 measurement occasions. (23 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).			http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=psyc2&AN=1985-19074-001http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:PsycINFO+<1967+to+1986>&genre=article&id=pmid:&id=doi:&issn=0191-5401&volume=6&issue=4&spage=333&pages=333-345&date=1984&title=Behavioral+Assessment&atitle=The+FATS:+An+observational+system+for+assessing+physical+activity+in+children+and+associated+parent+behavior.&aulast=Klesges&pid=<author>Klesges,+Robert+C</author>&<AN>1985-19074-001</AN>		Klesges, Robert C: North Dakota State U, Fargo								English

G. Kochiadakis, E. Kanoupakis, M. Kalebubas, N. Igoumenidis, K. Vardakis, H. Mavrakis and P. Vardas	2001	Sotalol vs metoprolol for ventricular rate control in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation who have undergone digitalization: a single-blinded crossover study		Europace			3		1	73-9						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Sotalol vs metoprolol for ventricular rate control in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation who have undergone digitalization: a single-blinded crossover study								Pubmed 11271956						CN-00327504				AIMS: To compare the effects of sotalol and metoprolol on heart rate, during isotonic (ITE) and isometric (IME) exercise and daily activities, in digitalized patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study had a randomized, single-blinded, crossover design. Twenty-three patients with chronic atrial fibrillation received placebo for 4 weeks, followed by a 4-week period of treatment with sotalol and metoprolol in random order. At the end of each period, the patients were assessed with 24-h ECG monitoring, a cardiopulmonary exercise test and a handgrip manoeuvre. Both agents produced a lower heart rate than placebo at rest and at all levels of isotonic exercise (P < 0.001) without affecting oxygen uptake. Sotalol produced a lower heart rate than metoprolol only at submaximal exercise (116 +/- 9 bpm for sotalol vs 125 +/- 11 bpm for metoprolol, P < 0.001). During isometric exercise, sotalol produced a lower maximum heart rate than did metoprolol (113 +/- 22 vs 129 +/- 18 bpm, respectively). Both agents produced a lower mean heart rate than placebo over 24 h (P < 0.001 for all), while sotalol produced a lower mean heart rate than metoprolol during the daytime (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Sotalol is a safe and effective agent for control of heart rate in digitalized patients with atrial fibrillation. Sotalol is superior to metoprolol at submaximal exercise, resulting in better rate control during daily activities.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/504/CN-00327504/frame.html										
M. Kochs, U. Winter, B. Brägas, A. Hannekum, T. Eggeling, A. Osterspey, V. Hombach and H. Hilger	1987	[Activity-initiated rate-adapted pacemaker therapy. Clinical results]		Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)			112		43	1647-51						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; English Abstract; Randomized Controlled Trial		[Activity-initiated rate-adapted pacemaker therapy. Clinical results]								Pubmed 3665756						CN-00050530				In a prospective study of 23 patients the clinical effects of rate-adapted activity-sensed (by mechanical resonance oscillations) pacing (Activitrax system) were tested over a mean period of 8.1 +/- 3.8 months. This form of pacemaker treatment was used when, after exercise and on long-term ECG monitoring, the spontaneous heart rate had not exceeded 85 beats per min and there had been symptoms of decreased exercise tolerance. Lasting improvement in physical exercise tolerance was achieved in 11 of 17 patients after changing from fixed-rate to rate-adapted pacing. Treadmill ergometry, randomised in the fixed-rate or rate-adapted mode, brought about a significant rise in exercise tolerance (P greater than 0.01). Contrary to results after external influences, insufficient rate increases in five patients in the course of static stress was of clinical significance and thus narrow the indications for this type of pacing.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/530/CN-00050530/frame.html										
D. Koizumi, N. Rogers, M. Rogers, M. Islam, M. Kusunoki and N. Takeshima	2009	Efficacy of an accelerometer-guided physical activity intervention in community-dwelling older women		Journal of physical activity & health			6		4	467-74						Randomized Controlled Trial		Efficacy of an accelerometer-guided physical activity intervention in community-dwelling older women								Pubmed 19842461						CN-00722592				BACKGROUND: Although many Japanese older adults spend more than an hour each day walking for exercise, the intensity is often lower than the minimum level associated with various health benefits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a lifestyle physical activity intervention on improving quantity and quality of daily physical activity (DPA) as well as cardiorespiratory endurance in community-dwelling older women. METHODS: 68 women (60-78 yr of age) were randomly assigned to either a lifestyle physical activity intervention group (LIFE) or control group. During the 12-wk intervention, feedback based on accelerometer DPA data (number of daily steps (STEPS) and time spent performing daily moderate intensity physical activity (MPA) was provided to each participant in LIFE every two weeks. Cardiorespiratory endurance was evaluated using the 12-Minute Walk Test (12-MW). RESULTS: Following the 12-wk intervention, significant group interactions were observed for STEPS, MPA, and cardiorespiratory endurance. LIFE increased STEPS by 16%, MPA by 53%, and the distance walked during the 12-MW by 10%. CONCLUSIONS: Promotion of DPA using accelerometers can significantly improve quantity and quality of daily physical activity as well as cardiorespiratory endurance in older women.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/592/CN-00722592/frame.html										
G. Kolt, R. Rosenkranz, T. Savage, A. Maeder, C. Vandelanotte, M. Duncan, C. Caperchione, R. Tague, C. Hooker and W. Mummery	2013	WALK 2.0 - using Web 2.0 applications to promote health-related physical activity: a randomised controlled trial protocol		BMC public health			13			436						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		WALK 2.0 - using Web 2.0 applications to promote health-related physical activity: a randomised controlled trial protocol								Pubmed 23642010						CN-00964044				BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity is one of the leading modifiable causes of death and disease in Australia. National surveys indicate less than half of the Australian adult population are sufficiently active to obtain health benefits. The Internet is a potentially important medium for successfully communicating health messages to the general population and enabling individual behaviour change. Internet-based interventions have proven efficacy; however, intervention studies describing website usage objectively have reported a strong decline in usage, and high attrition rate, over the course of the interventions. Web 2.0 applications give users control over web content generated and present innovative possibilities to improve user engagement. There is, however, a need to assess the effectiveness of these applications in the general population. The Walk 2.0 project is a 3-arm randomised controlled trial investigating the effects of "next generation" web-based applications on engagement, retention, and subsequent physical activity behaviour change. METHODS/DESIGN: 504 individuals will be recruited from two sites in Australia, randomly allocated to one of two web-based interventions (Web 1.0 or Web 2.0) or a control group, and provided with a pedometer to monitor physical activity. The Web 1.0 intervention will provide participants with access to an existing physical activity website with limited interactivity. The Web 2.0 intervention will provide access to a website featuring Web 2.0 content, including social networking, blogs, and virtual walking groups. Control participants will receive a logbook to record their steps. All groups will receive similar educational material on setting goals and increasing physical activity. The primary outcomes are objectively measured physical activity and website engagement and retention. Other outcomes measured include quality of life, psychosocial correlates, and anthropometric measurements. Outcomes will be measured at baseline, 3, 12 and 18 months. DISCUSSION: The findings of this study will provide increased understanding of the benefit of new web-based technologies and applications in engaging and retaining participants on web-based intervention sites, with the aim of improved health behaviour change outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12611000157976.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/044/CN-00964044/frame.html										
G. Kolt, G. Schofield, N. Kerse, N. Garrett, P. Schluter, T. Ashton and A. Patel	2009	The healthy steps study: a randomized controlled trial of a pedometer-based green prescription for older adults. Trial protocol		BMC public health			9			404						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The healthy steps study: a randomized controlled trial of a pedometer-based green prescription for older adults. Trial protocol								Pubmed 19878605						CN-00768369				BACKGROUND: Graded health benefits of physical activity have been demonstrated for the reduction of coronary heart disease, some cancers, and type-2 diabetes, and for injury reduction and improvements in mental health. Older adults are particularly at risk of physical inactivity, and would greatly benefit from successful targeted physical activity interventions. METHODS/DESIGN: The Healthy Steps study is a 12-month randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy of a pedometer-based Green Prescription with the conventional time-based Green Prescription in increasing and maintaining physical activity levels in low-active adults over 65 years of age. The Green Prescription interventions involve a primary care physical activity prescription with 3 follow-up telephone counselling sessions delivered by trained physical activity counsellors over 3 months. Those in the pedometer group received a pedometer and counselling based around increasing steps that can be monitored on the pedometer, while those in the standard Green Prescription group received counselling using time-based goals. Baseline, 3 month (end of intervention), and 12 month measures were assessed in face-to-face home visits with outcomes measures being physical activity (Auckland Heart Study Physical Activity Questionnaire), quality of life (SF-36 and EQ-5D), depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale), blood pressure, weight status, functional status (gait speed, chair stands, and tandem balance test) and falls and adverse events (self-report). Utilisation of health services was assessed for the economic evaluation carried out alongside this trial. As well, a process evaluation of the interventions and an examination of barriers and motives for physical activity in the sample were conducted. The perceptions of primary care physicians in relation to delivering physical activity counselling were also assessed. DISCUSSION: The findings from the Healthy Steps trial are due in late 2009. If successful in improving physical activity in older adults, the pedometer-based Green Prescription could assist in reducing utilisation of health services and improve cardiovascular health and reduction of risk for a range of non-communicable lifestyles diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN012606000023550.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/369/CN-00768369/frame.html										
I. Kolykhalov, G. Rassadina, S. Gavrilova and N. Gerasimov	2011	Cholinergic treatment of Alzheimer's disease and its influence on health and the quality of life of carers		Neuroscience and behavioral physiology			41		5	542-7						Journal: Article		Cholinergic treatment of Alzheimer's disease and its influence on health and the quality of life of carers														CN-00890981				The efficacy and safety of four-month courses of rivastigmine and changes in measures of carer burden were studied in a non-randomized group of 25 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). All patients received p.o. rivastigmine and 22 patients received antipsychotic therapy along with rivastigmine on admission. Treatment was continued for 16 weeks (12 weeks in hospital and four weeks in out-patient conditions). These studies showed that the use of rivastigmine in AD patients with behavioral and psychotic disorders at the stage of moderately severe dementia not only improved the patients' cognitive functions, but also had positive effects in terms of decreasing psychotic and behavioral disorders. Inclusion of rivastigmine in the complex treatment of AD patients led to significant decreases in the need for psychotherapeutic agents, and in some patients to complete withdrawal of all antipsychotics. It is extremely important to emphasize that the use of rivastigmine in patients with moderately severe AD and behavioral disorders led to significant (up to 30%) decreases in the time spent on the care and supervision of the patients, along with decreases in the level of stress and improvements in the health of carers, indicating increases in the quality of life of both patients and their families. 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/981/CN-00890981/frame.html										
B. Koo, K. Han, H. Ahn, J. Jung, H. Kim and K. Min	2010	The effects of total energy expenditure from all levels of physical activity vs. physical activity energy expenditure from moderate-to-vigorous activity on visceral fat and insulin sensitivity in obese Type 2 diabetic women		Diabetic medicine			27		9	1088-92						Randomized Controlled Trial		The effects of total energy expenditure from all levels of physical activity vs. physical activity energy expenditure from moderate-to-vigorous activity on visceral fat and insulin sensitivity in obese Type 2 diabetic women								Pubmed 20722686						CN-00777836				AIMS: We examined the effects of physical activity with or without dietary restriction for 3 months on regional fat and insulin sensitivity and compared the effect of total energy expenditure from all levels of physical activity with that of physical activity energy expenditure from moderate-to-vigorous exercise in obese women with Type 2 diabetes. METHODS: In this randomized, controlled trial, we assessed change of body weight, abdominal visceral fat area, subcutaneous fat area and insulin sensitivity, expressed as K(ITT), and monitored total energy expenditure and physical activity energy expenditure using an accelerometer during a 12-week intervention in four groups: control, diet, exercise and diet plus exercise. RESULTS: The mean body mass index was 28.0 +/- 2.7 kg/m(2) and the mean duration of diabetes was 8 +/- 6 years. Both the diet and diet plus exercise groups showed significant body weight loss compared with the control group (P < 0.05). However, the visceral fat area was reduced only in the diet and exercise group (P = 0.017) and the subcutaneous fat area was reduced only in the diet group (P = 0.009). Mean energy intake was an independent determinant of the change in subcutaneous fat area (P = 0.020) and mean total anergy expenditure was an independent determinant of visceral fat area (P = 0.002). Insulin sensitivity K(ITT) was associated with physical activity energy expenditure (P = 0.006), energy intake (P = 0.047) and the change in fructosamine level (P = 0.016) but not with changes in body weight, subcutaneous fat area, visceral fat area or adipokine level. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise had an additive effect to dietary restriction on visceral fat reduction. Visceral fat area was associated with total energy expenditure, but insulin sensitivity was associated with physical activity energy expenditure.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/836/CN-00777836/frame.html										
M. Korff, W. Katon, E. Lin, P. Ciechanowski, D. Peterson, E. Ludman, B. Young and C. Rutter	2014	Functional outcomes of multi-condition collaborative care and successful ageing: Results of randomised trial		BMJ (Online)			343		7833	1083						Journal: Article		Functional outcomes of multi-condition collaborative care and successful ageing: Results of randomised trial														CN-00979497				Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of integrated care for chronic physical diseases and depression in reducing disability and improving quality of life. Design: A randomised controlled trial of multi-condition collaborative care for depression and poorly controlled diabetes and/or risk factors for coronary heart disease compared with usual care among middle aged and elderly people Setting: Fourteen primary care clinics in Seattle, Washington. Participants: Patients with diabetes or coronary heart disease, or both, and blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg, low density lipoprotein concentration >3.37 mmol/L, or glycated haemoglobin 8.5% or higher, and PHQ-9 depression scores of >10. Intervention: A 12 month intervention to improve depression, glycaemic control, blood pressure, and lipid control by integrating a "treat to target" programme for diabetes and risk factors for coronary heart disease with collaborative care for depression. The intervention combined self management support, monitoring of disease control, and pharmacotherapy to control depression, hyperglycaemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia. Main outcome measures: Social role disability (Sheehan disability scale), global quality of life rating, and World Health Organization disability assessment schedule (WHODAS-2) scales to measure disabilities in activities of daily living (mobility, self care, household maintenance). Results: Of 214 patients enrolled (106 intervention and 108 usual care), disability and quality of life measures were obtained for 97 intervention patients at six months (92%) and 92 at 12 months (87%), and for 96 usual care patients at six months (89%) and 92 at 12 months (85%). Improvements from baseline on the Sheehan disability scale (-0.9, 95% confidence interval -1.5 to -0.2; P=0.006) and global quality of life rating (0.7, 0.2 to 1.2; P=0.005) were significantly greater at six and 12 months in patients in the intervention group. There was a trend toward greater improvement in disabilities in activities of daily living (-1.5, -3.3 to 0.4; P=0.10). Conclusions: Integrated care that covers chronic physical disease and comorbid depression can reduce social role disability and enhance global quality of life. Trial registration: Clinical Trials NCT00468676.d6612.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/497/CN-00979497/frame.html										
M. Korff, W. Katon, E. Lin, P. Ciechanowski, D. Peterson, E. Ludman, B. Young and C. Rutter	2011	Functional outcomes of multi-condition collaborative care and successful ageing: results of randomised trial		BMJ (Clinical research ed.)			343			d6612						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Functional outcomes of multi-condition collaborative care and successful ageing: results of randomised trial								Pubmed 22074851						CN-00804874				OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of integrated care for chronic physical diseases and depression in reducing disability and improving quality of life. DESIGN: A randomised controlled trial of multi-condition collaborative care for depression and poorly controlled diabetes and/or risk factors for coronary heart disease compared with usual care among middle aged and elderly people SETTING: Fourteen primary care clinics in Seattle, Washington. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with diabetes or coronary heart disease, or both, and blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg, low density lipoprotein concentration >3.37 mmol/L, or glycated haemoglobin 8.5% or higher, and PHQ-9 depression scores of ? 10. INTERVENTION: A 12 month intervention to improve depression, glycaemic control, blood pressure, and lipid control by integrating a "treat to target" programme for diabetes and risk factors for coronary heart disease with collaborative care for depression. The intervention combined self management support, monitoring of disease control, and pharmacotherapy to control depression, hyperglycaemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Social role disability (Sheehan disability scale), global quality of life rating, and World Health Organization disability assessment schedule (WHODAS-2) scales to measure disabilities in activities of daily living (mobility, self care, household maintenance). RESULTS: Of 214 patients enrolled (106 intervention and 108 usual care), disability and quality of life measures were obtained for 97 intervention patients at six months (92%) and 92 at 12 months (87%), and for 96 usual care patients at six months (89%) and 92 at 12 months (85%). Improvements from baseline on the Sheehan disability scale (-0.9, 95% confidence interval -1.5 to -0.2; P = 0.006) and global quality of life rating (0.7, 0.2 to 1.2; P = 0.005) were significantly greater at six and 12 months in patients in the intervention group. There was a trend toward greater improvement in disabilities in activities of daily living (-1.5, -3.3 to 0.4; P = 0.10). CONCLUSIONS: Integrated care that covers chronic physical disease and comorbid depression can reduce social role disability and enhance global quality of life. Trial registration Clinical Trials NCT00468676.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/874/CN-00804874/frame.html										
M. Korshøj, P. Krustrup, M. Jørgensen, E. Prescott, Å. Hansen, J. Kristiansen, J. Skotte, O. Mortensen, K. Søgaard and A. Holtermann	2012	Cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiovascular workload and risk factors among cleaners; a cluster randomized worksite intervention		BMC public health			12			645						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiovascular workload and risk factors among cleaners; a cluster randomized worksite intervention								Pubmed 22888833						CN-00864707				BACKGROUND: Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is unevenly distributed among occupational groups. The working environment, as well as lifestyle and socioeconomic status contribute to the disparity and variation in prevalence of these risk factors. High physical work demands have been shown to increase the risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality, contrary to leisure time physical activity. High physical work demands in combination with a low cardiorespiratory fitness infer a high relative workload and an excessive risk for cardiovascular mortality. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine whether a worksite aerobic exercise intervention will reduce the relative workload and cardiovascular risk factors by an increased cardiorespiratory fitness. METHODS/DESIGN: A cluster-randomized controlled trial is performed to evaluate the effect of the worksite aerobic exercise intervention on cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular risk factors among cleaners. Cleaners are eligible if they are employed???20?hours/week, at one of the enrolled companies. In the randomization, strata are formed according to the manager the participant reports to. The clusters will be balanced on the following criteria: Geographical work location, gender, age and seniority. Cleaners are randomized to either I) a reference group, receiving lectures concerning healthy living, or II) an intervention group, performing worksite aerobic exercise "60 min per week". Data collection will be conducted at baseline, four months and 12?months after baseline, at the worksite during working hours. The data collection will consist of a questionnaire-based interview, physiological testing of health and capacity-related measures, and objective diurnal measures of heart rate, physical activity and blood pressure. Primary outcome is cardiorespiratory fitness. DISCUSSION: Information is lacking about whether an improved cardiorespiratory fitness will affect the cardiovascular health, and additionally decrease the objectively measured relative workload, in a population with high physical work demands. Previous intervention studies have lacked robust objective measurements of the relative workload and physical work demands. This study will monitor the relative workload and general physical activity before, during after the intervention, and contribute to the understanding of the previously observed opposing effects on cardiovascular health and mortality from occupational and leisure time physical activity. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study is registered as ISRCTN86682076.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/707/CN-00864707/frame.html										
M. Kosma, B. Cardinal and J. McCubbin	2005	A pilot study of a web-based physical activity motivational program for adults with physical disabilities		Disability and rehabilitation			27		23	1435-42						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		A pilot study of a web-based physical activity motivational program for adults with physical disabilities								Pubmed 16418058						CN-00554335				PURPOSE: Develop, deliver, and assess the efficacy of a 4-week web-based leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) motivational program based on the Transtheoretical Model and tailored to inactive adults with physical disabilities. METHOD: This was a pilot-based study incorporating a true experimental design with one treatment and one control group. The intervention program was delivered on the web and was based on the constructs of the Transtheoretical Model. From the 151 individuals who completed the LTPA standardized questionnaire at baseline, 75 people participated in the 1-month post-test assessment. RESULTS: The results of the analysis confirmed the pretest LTPA scores as the study covariate for the post-test assessment (F (1,72)=16.06, p=0.001, (2 )= 0.18). Based on the one-way ANCOVA, there were no statistically significant differences in LTPA scores between the treatment and control groups at post-test. However, the corresponding effect size and variance explained by the treatment approached a moderate level of significance (d=0.34 and (2 )= 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Although conclusive statements about program effectiveness cannot be secured, several 'lessons learned' from this project may be 'key factors' for program improvement. Given the pilot nature of the study and the limited resources for program development and monitoring, continued examination of such motivational materials and delivery mechanisms for people with physical disabilities appear warranted.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/335/CN-00554335/frame.html										
T. Kosoglou, P. Statkevich, B. Yang, R. Suresh, Y. Zhu, T. Boutros, S. Maxwell, R. Tiessen and D. Cutler	2004	Pharmacodynamic interaction between ezetimibe and rosuvastatin		Current medical research and opinion			20		8	1185-95						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Pharmacodynamic interaction between ezetimibe and rosuvastatin								Pubmed 15324521						CN-00490889				BACKGROUND: Ezetimibe is a lipid-lowering drug indicated for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia as co-administration with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) or as monotherapy. The primary objectives of this study were to evaluate the pharmacodynamic effects and safety of the co-administration of ezetimibe and the new statin rosuvastatin. A secondary objective was to examine the potential for a pharmacokinetic interaction between ezetimibe and rosuvastatin. METHODS: This was a randomized, evaluator (single)-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study in healthy hypercholesterolemic subjects (untreated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] > or = 130 mg/dL [3.37 mmol/L]). After the outpatient screening and NCEP Step I diet stabilization periods, 40 subjects were randomized to one of the 4 following treatments: rosuvastatin 10 mg plus ezetimibe 10 mg (n = 12); rosuvastatin 10 mg plus placebo (matching ezetimibe 10 mg) (n = 12); ezetimibe 10 mg plus placebo (matching ezetimibe 10 mg) (n = 8); or placebo (2 tablets, matching ezetimibe 10 mg) (n = 8). All study treatments were administered once daily in the morning for 14 days as part of a 16-day inpatient confinement period. Fasting serum lipids were assessed pre-dose on days 1 (baseline), 7, and 14 by direct quantitative assay methods. Safety was evaluated by monitoring laboratory tests and recording adverse events. Blood samples were collected for ezetimibe and rosuvastatin pharmacokinetic evaluation prior to the first and last dose and at frequent intervals after the last dose (day 14) of study treatment. Plasma ezetimibe, total ezetimibe (ezetimibe plus ezetimibe-glucuronide) and rosuvastatin concentrations were determined by validated liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection (LC-MS/MS) assay methods. RESULTS: All active treatments caused statistically significant (p < or = 0.02) decreases in LDL-C concentration versus placebo from baseline to day 14. The co-administration of ezetimibe and rosuvastatin caused a significantly (p < 0.01) greater reduction in LDL-C and total cholesterol than either drug alone. In this 2-week inpatient study with restricted physical activity there was no apparent effect of any treatment on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or triglycerides. The co-administration of ezetimibe and rosuvastatin caused a significantly (p < 0.01) greater percentage reduction in mean LDL-C (-61.4%) than rosuvastatin alone (-44.9%), with a mean incremental reduction of -16.4% (95%CI -26.3 to -6.53). Reported side effects were generally mild, nonspecific, and similar among treatment groups. There were no significant increases or changes in clinical laboratory tests, particularly those assessing muscle and liver function. There was no significant pharmacokinetic drug interaction between ezetimibe and rosuvastatin. CONCLUSIONS: Co-administration of ezetimibe 10 mg with rosuvastatin 10 mg daily caused a significant incremental reduction in LDL-C compared with rosuvastatin alone. Moreover, co-administering ezetimibe and rosuvastatin was well tolerated in patients with hypercholesterolemia.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/889/CN-00490889/frame.html										
N. Kostopoulos, I. Fatouros, I. Siatitsas, P. Baltopoulos, A. Kambas, A. Jamurtas and P. Fotinakis	2004	Intense basketball-simulated exercise induces muscle damage in men with elevated anterior compartment pressure		Journal of strength and conditioning research			18		3	451-8						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial;		Intense basketball-simulated exercise induces muscle damage in men with elevated anterior compartment pressure								Pubmed 15320655						CN-00504652				The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the levels of muscle soreness, muscle damage, and performance output in men with (S, n = 24) or without (A, n = 24) chronic compartment syndrome (CACS)-related symptoms after an intense 10-minute basketball-simulated exercise. Anterior compartment pressure (ICP), muscle soreness perception, creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, myoglobin (Mb) concentration, leg strength, and knee joint range of motion (KJRM) were measured at rest, immediately after exercise, and at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours postexercise (ICP was also measured at 5, 15, and 30 minutes postexercise). ICP, muscle soreness, CK, LDH, and myoglobin increased (p < 0.05) immediately postexercise and during the next 4 days of recovery in both groups. However, S demonstrated a far more pronounced and prolonged (p < 0.05) response than A. Leg strength and KJRM declined (p < 0.05) in both groups, but S demonstrated a greater (p < 0.05) performance deterioration than A. The results of this study suggest that intense basketball-simulated exercise increases ICP, muscle soreness, and indices of muscle damage with a concomitant decrease of performance. Men with CACS-related symptoms and/or history appear more sensitive to muscle damage and soreness than asymptomatic men, probably due to a compromised blood flow to the muscle producing fluid shifts from vascular to interstitial space and further increasing compartment pressure and muscle cell disruption. Results of the present investigation provide evidence to support proper diagnosis, monitoring, care, and preventive measures for symptomatic individuals prior to participation in activities such as basketball.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/652/CN-00504652/frame.html										
A. Kottink, H. Hermens, A. Nene, M. Tenniglo, H. Aa, H. Buschman and M. Ijzerman	2007	A randomized controlled trial of an implantable 2-channel peroneal nerve stimulator on walking speed and activity in poststroke hemiplegia		Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation			88		8	971-8						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		A randomized controlled trial of an implantable 2-channel peroneal nerve stimulator on walking speed and activity in poststroke hemiplegia								Pubmed 17678657						CN-00702220				OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of a new implantable 2-channel peroneal nerve stimulator on walking speed and daily activities, in comparison with the usual treatment in chronic stroke survivors with a drop foot. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: All subjects were measured 5 times in the gait laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-nine stroke survivors with chronic hemiplegia with drop foot who fulfill the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. INTERVENTION: The intervention group received an implantable 2-channel peroneal nerve stimulator for correction of their drop foot. The control group continued using their conventional walking device, consisting of an ankle-foot orthosis, orthopedic shoes, or no device. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Walking speed, assessed both by a six-minute walk test (6MWT) and by using a 10-m walkway, was selected as primary outcome measure and activity monitoring data, consisting of percentage time spent on stepping, standing, and sitting/lying were selected as secondary outcome measure. RESULTS: Functional electric stimulation (FES) resulted in a 23% improvement of walking speed measured with the 6MWT, whereas the improvement in the control group was only 3% (P=.010). Comfortable walking speed measured on a 10-m walkway was also significantly improved in favor of FES (P=.038). The percentage time spent on stepping deteriorated with 3% in the intervention and 0.8% in control group, which was not statistically significant between both groups (P=.13). CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows a clinically relevant effect of the implantable 2-channel peroneal nerve stimulator on walking speed in the sample of stroke survivors included in our study.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/220/CN-00702220/frame.html										
A. A. Koulouri, W. W. Tigbe and M. E. Lean	2006	The effect of advice to walk 2000 extra steps daily on food intake		Journal of Human Nutrition & Dietetics			19		4	263-6					Aug			The effect of advice to walk 2000 extra steps daily on food intake	J Hum Nutr Diet	0952-3871												16911238				BACKGROUND: It is currently unclear how physical activity and diet interact within the ranges of activity seen in the general population. This study aimed to establish whether a small, acute, increase in physical activity would lead to compensatory change in energy intake and nutrient balance, and to provide power analysis data for future research in this field.
METHOD: Twelve participants were studied over 7 days of habitual activity and 2 weeks after instruction to increase physical activity by 2000 steps per day. Physical activity was assessed using a diary, the 'activPAL' activity monitor and a pedometer. Dietary analyses from prospective food diaries were compared between the first and third weeks.
RESULTS: Participants increased step-counts (+2600 steps per day, P = 0.008) and estimated energy expenditure (+300-1000 kJ day(-1), P = 0.002) but did not significantly change their energy intake, dietary composition or number of meals per day. From reverse power analysis 38 participants would be needed to exclude a change in energy intake of 400 kJ day(-1) with 90% power at P < 0.05; 400 kJ day(-1) would compensate for a 2000 steps per day increase in physical activity.
CONCLUSION: These results did not demonstrate any compensatory increase in food consumption when physical activity was increased by walking an average of 2600 additional steps per day. Power analysis indicates that a larger study (n = 38) will be necessary to exclude such an effect with confidence.	Koulouri, A-A
Tigbe, W W
Lean, M E J
Comment in: J Hum Nutr Diet. 2006 Aug;19(4):249-51; PMID: 16911236		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16911238http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:16911238&id=doi:&issn=0952-3871&volume=19&issue=4&spage=263&pages=263-6&date=2006&title=Journal+of+Human+Nutrition+%26+Dietetics&atitle=The+effect+of+advice+to+walk+2000+extra+steps+daily+on+food+intake.&aulast=Koulouri&pid=%3Cauthor%3EKoulouri+AA%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E16911238%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Human Nutrition, Division of Developmental Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

A. Koulouri, W. W. Tigbe and M. E. J. Lean	2006	The effect of advice to walk 2000 extra steps daily on food intake		Journal of Human Nutrition & Dietetics			19		4	263-266								The effect of advice to walk 2000 extra steps daily on food intake		0952-3871												2009269153. Language: English. Entry Date: 20061013. Revision Date: 20091218. Publication Type: journal article				BACKGROUND: It is currently unclear how physical activity and diet interact within the ranges of activity seen in the general population. This study aimed to establish whether a small, acute, increase in physical activity would lead to compensatory change in energy intake and nutrient balance, and to provide power analysis data for future research in this field. METHOD: Twelve participants were studied over 7 days of habitual activity and 2 weeks after instruction to increase physical activity by 2000 steps per day. Physical activity was assessed using a diary, the 'activPAL' activity monitor and a pedometer. Dietary analyses from prospective food diaries were compared between the first and third weeks. RESULTS: Participants increased step-counts (+2600 steps per day, P = 0.008) and estimated energy expenditure (+300-1000 kJ day(-1), P = 0.002) but did not significantly change their energy intake, dietary composition or number of meals per day. From reverse power analysis 38 participants would be needed to exclude a change in energy intake of 400 kJ day(-1) with 90% power at P < 0.05; 400 kJ day(-1) would compensate for a 2000 steps per day increase in physical activity. CONCLUSION: These results did not demonstrate any compensatory increase in food consumption when physical activity was increased by walking an average of 2600 additional steps per day. Power analysis indicates that a larger study (n = 38) will be necessary to exclude such an effect with confidence.	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Europe; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. Special Interest: Nutrition. No. of Refs: 20 ref. NLM UID: 8904840.
PMID: 16911238		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2009269153&site=ehost-live		Department of Human Nutrition, Division of Developmental Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK						rzh	EBSCOhost	
D. Kovelis, J. Zabatiero, K. Furlanetto, L. Mantoani, M. Proença and F. Pitta	2012	Short-term effects of using pedometers to increase daily physical activity in smokers: a randomized trial		Respiratory care			57		7	1089-97						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Short-term effects of using pedometers to increase daily physical activity in smokers: a randomized trial								Pubmed 22272985						CN-00832538				BACKGROUND: In adults it is recommended that the minimum of 10,000 steps/day should be performed in order to consider an individual as active. The pedometer, a small device that counts steps, has been used to monitor and/or motivate physical activity in various populations. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the short-term effects of a protocol using a pedometer or an informative booklet to increase daily physical activity in apparently healthy smokers who reached or did not reach the minimum public health recommendation of 10,000 steps/day. METHODS: Subjects were randomly assigned to 2 groups: group pedometer (GP, n = 23), who wore a pedometer every day during 1 month, aiming to achieve 10,000 steps/day; and group booklet (GB, n = 17), who received a booklet with encouragement to walk as much as possible in everyday life. Each group was subdivided according to their baseline daily physical activity level: active (subjects who achieved 10,000 steps/day), and inactive (those who did not achieve this minimum). RESULTS: Only the physically inactive GP increased significantly its daily physical activity (pre vs post 7,670 [6,159-9,402] steps/day vs 10,310 [9,483-11,110] steps/day, P < .001), with a concomitant increase in the 6-min walking test (6MWT) distance (mean and interquartile range 540 m [501-586 m] vs 566 m [525-604 m], P = .03). In GP, ? post-pre steps/day correlated significantly with baseline number of steps/day (r = -0.63, P = .01), but not with 6MWT. In the inactive subjects (summing GP and GB), there were significant correlations between steps/day and cigarettes/day, pack-years, and Fagerström questionnaire (r = -0.55, -0.40, and -0.59, P ? .05 for all). Furthermore, improvement in steps/day in the inactive subjects of GP was correlated with baseline cigarettes smoked per day, pack-years, and Fagerström questionnaire (r = 0.51, 0.65 and 0.53, P ? .05 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Physically inactive smokers improve their daily physical activity level by using a simple tool (pedometer), and larger improvement occurs in subjects with the lowest levels of physical activity.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/538/CN-00832538/frame.html										
S. L. Kozey, K. Lyden, C. A. Howe, J. W. Staudenmayer and P. S. Freedson	2010	Accelerometer output and MET values of common physical activities		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			42		9	1776-84					Sep			Accelerometer output and MET values of common physical activities	Med Sci Sports Exerc	1530-0315					NIHMS198752
PMC2924952							20142781				PURPOSE: This article 1) provides the calibration procedures and methods for metabolic and activity monitor data collection, 2) compares measured MET values to the MET values from the compendium of physical activities, and 3) examines the relationship between accelerometer output and METs for a range of physical activities.
METHODS: Participants (N = 277) completed 11 activities for 7 min each from a menu of 23 physical activities. Oxygen consumption (V O2) was measured using a portable metabolic system, and an accelerometer was worn. MET values were defined as measured METs (V O2/measured resting metabolic rate) and standard METs (V O2/3.5 mL.kg.min). For the total sample and by subgroup (age [young < 40 yr], sex, and body mass index [normal weight < 25 kg.m]), measured METs and standard METs were compared with the compendium, using 95% confidence intervals to determine statistical significance (alpha = 0.05). Average counts per minute for each activity and the linear association between counts per minute and METs are presented.
RESULTS: Compendium METs were different than measured METs for 17/21 activities (81%). The number of activities different than the compendium was similar between subgroups or when standard METs were used. The average counts for the activities ranged from 11 counts per minute (dishes) to 7490 counts per minute (treadmill: 2.23 m.s, 3%). The r between counts and METs was 0.65.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides valuable information about data collection, metabolic responses, and accelerometer output for common physical activities in a diverse participant sample. The compendium should be updated with additional empirical data, and linear regression models are inappropriate for accurately predicting METs from accelerometer output.	Kozey, Sarah L
Lyden, Kate
Howe, Cheryl A
Staudenmayer, John W
Freedson, Patty S
R01 CA121005 (United States NCI NIH HHS)
R01 CA121005-01A1 (United States NCI NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=20142781http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:20142781&id=doi:10.1249%2FMSS.0b013e3181d479f2&issn=0195-9131&volume=42&issue=9&spage=1776&pages=1776-84&date=2010&title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&atitle=Accelerometer+output+and+MET+values+of+common+physical+activities.&aulast=Kozey&pid=%3Cauthor%3EKozey+SL%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E20142781%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, 30 Eastman Lane, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

G. Krishna, A. Moton, L. Ma, I. Savant, M. Martinho, M. Seiberling and J. McLeod	2009	Effects of oral posaconazole on the pharmacokinetic properties of oral and intravenous midazolam: a phase I, randomized, open-label, crossover study in healthy volunteers		Clinical therapeutics			31		2	286-98						Clinical Trial, Phase I; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of oral posaconazole on the pharmacokinetic properties of oral and intravenous midazolam: a phase I, randomized, open-label, crossover study in healthy volunteers								Pubmed 19302901						CN-00680397				BACKGROUND: Like itraconazole and ketoconazole, posaconazole, a broad-spectrum oral triazole antifungal, inhibits the activity of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozyme 3A4. Midazolam, a short-acting benzodiazepine, is metabolized by CYP3A4. Potential drug interactions can be expected in patients who are concurrently receiving inhibitors and substrates of CYP3A4 (eg, ketoconazole, posaconazole) and benzodiazepines (eg, midazolam). Because of the potential for drug interactions, it is important to determine the effects of posaconazole on the pharmacokinetic properties of midazolam. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of oral administration of posaconazole versus ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetic properties of orally and intravenously administered midazolam. METHODS: This Phase I, randomized, open-label, crossover study was conducted at Swiss Pharma Contract Ltd., Allschwil, Switzerland. Healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment arms. Arm 1 received posaconazole 200 mg BID for 7 days, posaconazole 400 mg BID for 7 days, no drugs during a 28-day washout, and ketoconazole 400 mg once daily for 7 days. Arm 2 received posaconazole and ketoconazole in the reverse order, with a 28-day washout between treatments. An oral/IV midazolam sequence (oral midazolam 2 mg and IV midazolam 0.4 mg) was administered on days -2/-1, 6/7, 13/14 (arm 1), 36/17 (arm 2), 43/44, and 50/51 in both treatment arms. Blood samples were collected up to 24 hours after midazolam administration. Pharmacokinetic parameters, including C(max), C(min) (before azole administration), terminal-phase t(1/2) (t(1/2z)), and AUC to final measurable sampling time (AUC(tf)), were calculated using noncompartmental methods, and drug interactions were evaluated using analysis of variance. Adverse events were collected using physical examination, including vital sign measurements; clinical laboratory analysis; electrocardiography; and direct questioning at predefined time points throughout the study to assess tolerability. RESULTS: A total of 12 subjects were enrolled (11 men, 1 woman; all white; mean age, 42.8 years [range, 28-53 years]; mean weight, 80.6 kg; and mean body mass index, 25.6 kg/m(2)). All of the subjects completed the study. Based on point estimates of logarithm-transformed data, posaconazole 200 and 400 mg BID were associated with significant increases in midazolam C(max) (up to 1.3- and 2.4-fold) and AUC(tf) values (up to 4.6- and 6.2-fold), respectively. Ketoconazole 400 mg once daily was associated with significantly increased midazolam C(max) and AUC(tf) (up to 2.8- and 8.2-fold, respectively). When midazolam was concurrently administered with either azole, t(1/2z) was prolonged. Seven of 12 (58%) subjects reported > or =1 adverse event during the study (5 with posaconazole alone and 4 with posaconazole + midazolam). The most common adverse events were diarrhea (3 subjects [25%] with posaconazole alone, 2 [17%] with ketoconazole alone, and 1 [8%] with posaconazole + midazolam) and flatulence (1 [8%] with posaconazole alone and 1 [8%] with midazolam alone). CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study in a small, all-white population of healthy volunteers suggest that posaconazole was a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4, but to a lesser extent than was ketoconazole. Monitoring patients for adverse events, the need for dose adjustments, or both during coadministration with posaconazole may be warranted in patients being treated with benzodiazepines that are predominantly metabolized through CYP3A4 (eg, midazolam).			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/397/CN-00680397/frame.html										
A. M. Kriska, C. Bayles, J. A. Cauley, R. E. LaPorte, R. B. Sandler and G. Pambianco	1986	A randomized exercise trial in older women: increased activity over two years and the factors associated with compliance		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			18		5	557-62					Oct	Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		A randomized exercise trial in older women: increased activity over two years and the factors associated with compliance	Med Sci Sports Exerc	0195-9131												3534509				The health effects of increased physical activity in the prevention or treatment of any disease can only be meaningfully assessed if compliance to the exercise regimen is maintained. The current research examined compliance in a clinical trial investigating the effect of walking on bone loss in 229 postmenopausal women, randomized into either a walking or a control group. Although at baseline there was no difference in physical activity between the two groups, after a period of 2 yr, the walking group reported significantly greater physical activity as measured by reported mean blocks walked daily and objective activity monitor day readings. Closer examination of the walking group revealed that compliers (average 7+ miles walked/wk over the 2 yr), when compared to non-compliers, tended at baseline to be more active, lighter weight, and non-smokers. However, the variable that best differentiated between the two compliance groups was the frequency of reported illness over the 2-yr period, with compliers claiming significantly less illness.	Kriska, A M
Bayles, C
Cauley, J A
LaPorte, R E
Sandler, R B
Pambianco, G
AM21190 (United States NIADDK NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=3534509http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1980+to+1987%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:3534509&id=doi:&issn=0195-9131&volume=18&issue=5&spage=557&pages=557-62&date=1986&title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&atitle=A+randomized+exercise+trial+in+older+women%3A+increased+activity+over+two+years+and+the+factors+associated+with+compliance.&aulast=Kriska&pid=%3Cauthor%3EKriska+AM%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E3534509%3C%2FAN%3E								MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

A. M. Kriska, W. C. Knowler, R. E. LaPorte, A. L. Drash, R. R. Wing, S. N. Blair, P. H. Bennett and L. H. Kuller	1990	Development of questionnaire to examine relationship of physical activity and diabetes in Pima Indians		Diabetes Care			13		4	401-11					Apr	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Development of questionnaire to examine relationship of physical activity and diabetes in Pima Indians	Diabetes Care	0149-5992												2318100				There was a need to design a questionnaire that could accurately assess the activity patterns of Native Americans to evaluate the relationship between physical activity and diabetes. Such a questionnaire was developed and implemented into the data collection scheme of the prospective Pima Indian Study of Arizona. The questionnaire, which assesses historical, past-year, and past-week leisure and occupational activity, was examined in 29 Pima individuals aged 21-36 yr and was shown to be reliable with test-retest correlations (rank-order correlations ranged from 0.62 to 0.96 for leisure and occupational activity). Reproducibility of the past-year leisure physical-activity estimate was determined in 69 participants aged 10-59 yr and was found to be reliable in all age-groups with the exception of the 10- to 14-yr-old age-group (rank-order correlations were 0.31 in the 10- to 14-yr-old age-group compared to 0.88 to 0.92 in those greater than 20 yr of age). Validity of the current-activity section of the questionnaire was demonstrated indirectly through comparisons with activity monitors. The past-week leisure-activity estimate was related to the Caltrac activity monitor counts per hour (rho = 0.62, P less than 0.05, n = 17). In summary, a physical-activity questionnaire has been developed that is both reliable and feasible to use in the Pima Indian population to evaluate the relationship of physical activity to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.	Kriska, A M
Knowler, W C
LaPorte, R E
Drash, A L
Wing, R R
Blair, S N
Bennett, P H
Kuller, L H		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=2318100http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1988+to+1995%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:2318100&id=doi:&issn=0149-5992&volume=13&issue=4&spage=401&pages=401-11&date=1990&title=Diabetes+Care&atitle=Development+of+questionnaire+to+examine+relationship+of+physical+activity+and+diabetes+in+Pima+Indians.&aulast=Kriska&pid=%3Cauthor%3EKriska+AM%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E2318100%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

A. Kriska, C. Bayles, J. Cauley, R. LaPorte, R. Sandler and G. Pambianco	1986	A randomized exercise trial in older women: increased activity over two years and the factors associated with compliance		Medicine and science in sports and exercise			18		5	557-62						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		A randomized exercise trial in older women: increased activity over two years and the factors associated with compliance								Pubmed 3534509						CN-00045150				The health effects of increased physical activity in the prevention or treatment of any disease can only be meaningfully assessed if compliance to the exercise regimen is maintained. The current research examined compliance in a clinical trial investigating the effect of walking on bone loss in 229 postmenopausal women, randomized into either a walking or a control group. Although at baseline there was no difference in physical activity between the two groups, after a period of 2 yr, the walking group reported significantly greater physical activity as measured by reported mean blocks walked daily and objective activity monitor day readings. Closer examination of the walking group revealed that compliers (average 7+ miles walked/wk over the 2 yr), when compared to non-compliers, tended at baseline to be more active, lighter weight, and non-smokers. However, the variable that best differentiated between the two compliance groups was the frequency of reported illness over the 2-yr period, with compliers claiming significantly less illness.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/150/CN-00045150/frame.html										
R. Kruse, J. Lemaster and R. Madsen	2010	Fall and balance outcomes after an intervention to promote leg strength, balance, and walking in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: "feet first" randomized controlled trial		Physical therapy			90		11	1568-79						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Fall and balance outcomes after an intervention to promote leg strength, balance, and walking in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: "feet first" randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 20798179						CN-00769162				BACKGROUND: Weight-bearing exercise has been discouraged for people with diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy (DM+PN). However, people with diabetes mellitus and insensate feet have an increased risk of falling. Lower-extremity exercise and balance training reduce fall risk in some older adults. It is unknown whether those with neuropathy experience similar benefits. OBJECTIVE: As part of a study of the effects of weight-bearing exercise on foot ulceration in people with DM+PN, the effects of a lower-extremity exercise and walking intervention on balance, lower-extremity strength (force-generating capacity), and fall incidence were determined. Design The study was an observer-masked, 12-month randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Part 1 of the intervention took place in physical therapy offices, and part 2 took place in the community. PATIENTS: The participants were 79 people who were mostly sedentary, who had DM+PN, and who were randomly assigned to either a control group (n=38) or an intervention group (n=41). Intervention Part 1 included leg strengthening and balance exercises and a graduated, self-monitored walking program; part 2 included motivational telephone calls. Both groups received regular foot care, foot care education, and 8 sessions with a physical therapist. MEASUREMENTS: The measurements collected were strength, balance, and participant-reported falls for the year after enrollment. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the groups for falls during follow-up. At 12 months, there was a small increase in the amount of time that participants in the intervention group could stand on 1 leg with their eyes closed. No other strength or balance measurements differed between the groups. LIMITATIONS: The study was designed to detect differences in physical activity, not falls. The intensity of the intervention was insufficient to improve strength and balance in this population. CONCLUSIONS: The training program had a minimal effect on participants' balance and lower-extremity strength. Increasing weight-bearing activity did not alter the rate of falling for participants in the intervention group relative to that for participants in the control group. People who are sedentary and who have DM+PN appear to be able to increase activity without increasing their rate of falling.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/162/CN-00769162/frame.html										
T. Kubo, E. Azevedo, G. Newton, J. Parker and J. Floras	2001	Lack of evidence for peripheral alpha(1)- adrenoceptor blockade during long-term treatment of heart failure with carvedilol		Journal of the American College of Cardiology			38		5	1463-9						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Lack of evidence for peripheral alpha(1)- adrenoceptor blockade during long-term treatment of heart failure with carvedilol								Pubmed 11691524						CN-00375103				OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine whether carvedilol's alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonism persists during long-term therapy of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). BACKGROUND: Carvedilol and metoprolol differ in that carvedilol also antagonizes beta(2)- and alpha(1)-adrenoceptors. We hypothesized that in contrast to metoprolol, carvedilol would increase calf vascular conductance (CVC), blunt neurally mediated vasoconstriction and attenuate neuroeffector transfer function gain. METHODS: We randomized 36 patients with CHF (age 55 +/- 1 years, ejection fraction 19 +/- 1%, means +/- SE) to either drug. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate, muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and CVC were assessed before and after four months of treatment. The variability of BP and MSNA was determined using fast Fourier transformation. RESULTS: Paired data were obtained in 23 (carvedilol, 13; metoprolol, 10) subjects. Both beta-blockers decreased heart rate, but neither affected mean BP or CVC (carvedilol: 0.016 +/- 0.002 to 0.018 +/- 0.003 U; metoprolol: 0.020 +/- 0.002 to 0.020 +/- 0.004 U). Isometric handgrip exercise (30% of maximum) increased heart rate, mean BP and MSNA. The calf vasoconstrictor response to handgrip exercise was not affected by carvedilol (from 16 +/- 6 resistance U to 25 +/- 10 resistance U, NS). The gain of the transfer of oscillations in MSNA into BP under resting conditions was not attenuated by carvedilol. CONCLUSIONS: Carvedilol did not increase CVC, blunt the calf vasoconstrictor response to handgrip or attenuate the gain of the neuroeffector transfer function, indicating the absence of functionally important peripheral alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonism during long-term treatment of CHF.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/103/CN-00375103/frame.html										
M. Kuhn, M. Harris-Hayes, K. Steger-May, G. Pashos and J. C. Clohisy	2013	Total hip arthroplasty in patients 50 years or less: do we improve activity profiles?		Journal of Arthroplasty			28		5	872-6					May	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Total hip arthroplasty in patients 50 years or less: do we improve activity profiles?	J Arthroplasty	1532-8406					NIHMS552023
PMC3932739							23499406				The primary objective of this study was to use step activity monitoring to quantify activity changes after total hip arthroplasty in patients 50 years or less. Secondly, we investigated whether step activity measurements correlated with the Harris hip and UCLA scores. We prospectively analyzed 37 patients (age < 50) treated with primary THA. Patient activity was recorded with a step activity monitor. Harris hip and UCLA scores were analyzed. Total daily stride counts increased by an average of 30.0%. Increases were noted in the percent of daily time spent at high, moderate and low activity. Increases in daily time spent at high activity moderately correlated with the UCLA activity score but did not correlate with the HHS. Both the UCLA score and the HHS did not correlate with mean daily strides. Following THA, patients < 50 years of age increase their activity by taking more daily strides and improve their activity profile by spending more time at higher activity. Improvements in step activity moderately correlate with improvements in UCLA scores. Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Kuhn, Margaret
Harris-Hayes, Marcie
Steger-May, Karen
Pashos, Gail
Clohisy, John C
S0883-5403(13)00068-5
K12 HD055931 (United States NICHD NIH HHS)
K23 HD067343 (United States NICHD NIH HHS)
UL1 TR000448 (United States NCATS NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medc&AN=23499406http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+Corrections&genre=article&id=pmid:23499406&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.arth.2012.10.009&issn=0883-5403&volume=28&issue=5&spage=872&pages=872-6&date=2013&title=Journal+of+Arthroplasty&atitle=Total+hip+arthroplasty+in+patients+50+years+or+less%3A+do+we+improve+activity+profiles%3F.&aulast=Kuhn&pid=%3Cauthor%3EKuhn+M%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23499406%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

T. Kuiken, H. Amir and R. Scheidt	2004	Computerized biofeedback knee goniometer: acceptance and effect on exercise behavior in post-total knee arthroplasty rehabilitation		Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation			85		6	1026-30						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Computerized biofeedback knee goniometer: acceptance and effect on exercise behavior in post-total knee arthroplasty rehabilitation								Pubmed 15179662						CN-00468306				OBJECTIVE: To assess device accuracy, patient acceptance, and effect of a computerized biofeedback knee goniometer (CBG), on patients' compliance with active range of motion (AROM) exercises after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). DESIGN: Two-stage study: measurement validation on asymptomatic controls and an unblinded, multiple crossover trial. SETTING: Inpatient rehabilitation. PARTICIPANTS: Asymptomatic controls (n=14) and post-TKA inpatients (n=11). INTERVENTIONS: For measurement validation, CBG-angle measurements were compared with manual, clinician-obtained angles. To assess motivational effect, the CBG was worn after TKA; on alternating days, it either monitored AROM silently (no feedback) or provided audiovisual feedback about reaching preset range of motion (ROM) goals and prompted the patients to exercise when idle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: To assess accuracy, the device's readings were compared with manual measurements. Patient satisfaction was determined by a self-report questionnaire; exercise compliance was assessed by calculating activity rate and stratified interactivity intervals. RESULTS: CBG readings reproduced clinician measurements reliably between 0 degrees and 100 degrees (eta(2)=98.5%). Auditory feedback was more helpful than visual feedback for motivating exercise. During feedback-on days, the mean total activity rate +/- standard deviation was 15.1+/-10.9 activity counts per hour, and the interactivity interval was 6.7+/-5.7 minutes. The activity rate was higher on feedback-off days-22.5+/-11.1 counts/hour (P=.11)-and the mean interactivity interval was 3.6+/-2.7 minutes (P=.07). CONCLUSIONS: The CBG provided reliable, unbiased estimates of clinician measurements of joint angle within the range of 0 degrees to 100 degrees. The CBG was accepted well by most patients. Surprisingly, slightly more ROM activity was noted during feedback-off days than feedback-on days.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/306/CN-00468306/frame.html										
R. Kumar, S. Chhatwal, S. Arora, S. Sharma, J. Singh, N. Singh, V. Bhandari and A. Khurana	2014	Antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory and adenosine deaminase-lowering effects of garlic in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with obesity		Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy			6			49-56						Journal: Article		Antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory and adenosine deaminase-lowering effects of garlic in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with obesity														CN-00912404				Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, with long term macrovascular and microvascular complications. The treatment is lifestyle management, exercise, weight control, and antihyperglycemic drugs such as sulfonylureas, biguanides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, and meglitinide. Recently, a direct association between high levels of C-reactive protein and serum adenosine deaminase levels in patients with uncontrolled diabetes with long-term complications has been seen. This study was conducted to assess the antihyperglycemic, lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and improving glycemic control of garlic in type 2 diabetes patients with obesity. Materials and methods: This was an open-label, prospective, comparative study, conducted on 60 patients having type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. The patients were divided into two groups of 30 each, of either sex. Group 1 was given metformin tablets, 500 mg twice a day (BD)/three times a day (TDS), after meals, and group 2 was given metformin tablets, 500 mg BD/TDS, after meals, along with garlic (Allium sativum) capsules, 250 mg BD. Patients were routinely investigated for fasting and postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA<sub>1c</sub>), serum adenosine deaminase levels and lipid profile (serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) at the start of the study. Patients were followed up for 12 weeks, with monitoring of fasting and postprandial blood glucose at 2 week intervals, and monitoring of the other parameters at the end of study. Data obtained at the end of the study was statistically analyzed using Student's t test. Results: It was observed that both metformin alone and metformin with garlic reduced fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose significantly, with a greater percentage reduction with metformin plus garlic; however, change in HbA1c levels was not significant. A fall in total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein and an increase in high-density lipoprotein were more pronounced in patients treated with metformin plus garlic. Similarly, a fall in C-reactive protein and adenosine deaminase levels was greater in patients taking metformin with garlic than in patients taking only metformin. Conclusion: Garlic has been shown to have antihyperglycemic and lipid-lowering properties. The additional lowering of C-reactive protein and serum adenosine deaminase levels with garlic suggests that garlic can be a valuable agent in providing good glycemic control and the prevention of long-term complications. 2013 Kumar et al, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/404/CN-00912404/frame.html										
Y. L. Kuo, K. M. Culhane, P. Thomason, O. Tirosh and R. Baker	2009	Measuring distance walked and step count in children with cerebral palsy: an evaluation of two portable activity monitors		Gait & Posture			29		2	304-10					Feb	Comparative Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Measuring distance walked and step count in children with cerebral palsy: an evaluation of two portable activity monitors	Gait Posture	1879-2219												19019680				Assessing clinical outcomes in the context of activity and participation is essential to reflect functional changes in the home and community for children with cerebral palsy (CP). However, no activity monitor has been investigated for measurement of the distance walked and step count in children with CP who have atypical gait. Twenty typically developing children and twenty children with CP, aged 4-16 years, were recruited to evaluate two portable activity monitors, AMP 331 (AMP) and Dynaport Minimod (Minimod), under three walking conditions (continuous walking, structured activity lap walking and stair climbing). Measurements of the activity monitors were compared to known walking distances and video recordings for step count. The devices performed differently under different walking conditions. The Minimod gave more accurate measurement of continuous walking over level ground. On the other hand, the AMP performed better in detecting the walks in a structured activity lap and during stair ascent and descent. Researchers and clinicians need to consider different characteristics of the monitoring devices and walking conditions, and choose an appropriate device that is most reflective of what they want to measure.	Kuo, Yi-Liang
Culhane, Karen M
Thomason, Pamela
Tirosh, Oren
Baker, Richard		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19019680http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19019680&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.gaitpost.2008.09.014&issn=0966-6362&volume=29&issue=2&spage=304&pages=304-10&date=2009&title=Gait+%26+Posture&atitle=Measuring+distance+walked+and+step+count+in+children+with+cerebral+palsy%3A+an+evaluation+of+two+portable+activity+monitors.&aulast=Kuo&pid=%3Cauthor%3EKuo+YL%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19019680%3C%2FAN%3E		Gait CCRE, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. S. Kuys, K. Hall, M. Peasey, M. Wood, R. Cobb and S. C. Bell	2011	Gaming console exercise and cycle or treadmill exercise provide similar cardiovascular demand in adults with cystic fibrosis: a randomised cross-over trial		Journal of Physiotherapy			57		1	35-40						Randomized Controlled Trial		Gaming console exercise and cycle or treadmill exercise provide similar cardiovascular demand in adults with cystic fibrosis: a randomised cross-over trial	J Physiother	1836-9553												21402328				QUESTION: Does exercise using a gaming console result in similar cardiovascular demand and energy expenditure as formally prescribed exercise in adults with cystic fibrosis? How do these patients perceive gaming console exercise?
DESIGN: Randomised cross-over trial with concealed allocation and intention-to-treat analysis.
PARTICIPANTS: 19 adults with cystic fibrosis admitted to hospital for treatment of a pulmonary exacerbation.
INTERVENTION: Participants underwent two 15-minute exercise interventions on separate days; one involving a gaming console and one a treadmill or cycle ergometer.
OUTCOME MEASURES: Cardiovascular demand was measured using heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Energy expenditure was estimated using a portable activity monitor. Perception (enjoyment, fatigue, workload, effectiveness, feasibility) was rated using a horizontal 10-cm visual analogue scale.
RESULTS: There was no significant difference in average heart rate (mean difference 3 beats/min, 95% CI -3 to 9) or energy expenditure (0.1 MET, 95% CI -0.3 to 0.5) between the two interventions. Both interventions provided a 'hard' workout (RPE ~15). Gaming console exercise was rated as more enjoyable (mean difference 2.6 cm, 95% CI 1.6 to 3.6) than formal exercise but they didn't differ significantly in fatigue (-1.0 cm, 95% CI -2.4 to 0.3), perceived effectiveness (-0.4 cm, 95% CI -1.2 to 0.3), or perceived feasibility for inclusion in routine management (0.2 cm, 95% CI -0.7 to 1.1).
CONCLUSION: Gaming console exercise provides a similar cardiovascular demand as traditional exercise modalities. It is feasible that adults with cystic fibrosis could include gaming console exercise in their exercise program.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: ACTRN12610000861055. Copyright 2011 Australian Physiotherapy Association. Published by .. All rights reserved.	Kuys, Suzanne S
Hall, Kathleen
Peasey, Maureen
Wood, Michelle
Cobb, Robyn
Bell, Scott C
Comment in: J Physiother. 2011;57(2):131; PMID: 21684501		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21402328http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21402328&id=doi:10.1016%2FS1836-9553%2811%2970005-4&issn=1836-9553&volume=57&issue=1&spage=35&pages=35-40&date=2011&title=Journal+of+Physiotherapy&atitle=Gaming+console+exercise+and+cycle+or+treadmill+exercise+provide+similar+cardiovascular+demand+in+adults+with+cystic+fibrosis%3A+a+randomised+cross-over+trial.&aulast=Kuys&pid=%3Cauthor%3EKuys+SS%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21402328%3C%2FAN%3E		Allied Health Research Collaborative, Metro North (Northern) Health Service District, Queensland, Australia. Suzanne_kuys@health.qld.gov.au						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. Kuys, K. Hall, M. Peasey, M. Wood, R. Cobb and S. Bell	2011	Gaming console exercise and cycle or treadmill exercise provide similar cardiovascular demand in adults with cystic fibrosis: a randomised cross-over trial		Journal of physiotherapy			57		1	35-40						Randomized Controlled Trial		Gaming console exercise and cycle or treadmill exercise provide similar cardiovascular demand in adults with cystic fibrosis: a randomised cross-over trial								Pubmed 21402328						CN-00778525				QUESTION: Does exercise using a gaming console result in similar cardiovascular demand and energy expenditure as formally prescribed exercise in adults with cystic fibrosis? How do these patients perceive gaming console exercise? DESIGN: Randomised cross-over trial with concealed allocation and intention-to-treat analysis. PARTICIPANTS: 19 adults with cystic fibrosis admitted to hospital for treatment of a pulmonary exacerbation. INTERVENTION: Participants underwent two 15-minute exercise interventions on separate days; one involving a gaming console and one a treadmill or cycle ergometer. OUTCOME MEASURES: Cardiovascular demand was measured using heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Energy expenditure was estimated using a portable activity monitor. Perception (enjoyment, fatigue, workload, effectiveness, feasibility) was rated using a horizontal 10-cm visual analogue scale. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in average heart rate (mean difference 3 beats/min, 95% CI -3 to 9) or energy expenditure (0.1 MET, 95% CI -0.3 to 0.5) between the two interventions. Both interventions provided a 'hard' workout (RPE ?15). Gaming console exercise was rated as more enjoyable (mean difference 2.6 cm, 95% CI 1.6 to 3.6) than formal exercise but they didn't differ significantly in fatigue (-1.0 cm, 95% CI -2.4 to 0.3), perceived effectiveness (-0.4 cm, 95% CI -1.2 to 0.3), or perceived feasibility for inclusion in routine management (0.2 cm, 95% CI -0.7 to 1.1). CONCLUSION: Gaming console exercise provides a similar cardiovascular demand as traditional exercise modalities. It is feasible that adults with cystic fibrosis could include gaming console exercise in their exercise program. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ACTRN12610000861055.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/525/CN-00778525/frame.html										
S. S. Kuys, K. Hall, M. Peasey, M. Wood, R. Cobb and S. C. Bell	2011	Gaming console exercise and cycle or treadmill exercise provide similar cardiovascular demand in adults with cystic fibrosis: a randomised cross-over trial		Journal of Physiotherapy			57		1	35-40								Gaming console exercise and cycle or treadmill exercise provide similar cardiovascular demand in adults with cystic fibrosis: a randomised cross-over trial		1836-9553												2010963932. Language: English. Entry Date: 20120406. Revision Date: 20140509. Publication Type: journal article				Question: Does exercise using a gaming console result in similar cardiovascular demand and energy expenditure as formally prescribed exercise in adults with cystic fibrosis? How do these patients perceive gaming console exercise? Design: Randomised cross-over trial with concealed allocation and intention-to-treat analysis. Participants: 19 adults with cystic fibrosis admitted to hospital for treatment of a pulmonary exacerbation. Intervention: Participants underwent two 15-minute exercise interventions on separate days; one involving a gaming console and one a treadmill or cycle ergometer. Outcome measures: Cardiovascular demand was measured using heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Energy expenditure was estimated using a portable activity monitor. Perception (enjoyment, fatigue, workload, effectiveness, feasibility) was rated using a horizontal 10-cm visual analogue scale. Results: There was no significant difference in average heart rate (mean difference 3 beats/min, 95% CI -3 to 9) or energy expenditure (0.1 MET, 95% CI -0.3 to 0.5) between the two interventions. Both interventions provided a 'hard' workout (RPE ~15). Gaming console exercise was rated as more enjoyable (mean difference 2.6 cm, 95% CI 1.6 to 3.6) than formal exercise but they didn't differ significantly in fatigue (-1.0 cm, 95% CI -2.4 to 0.3), perceived effectiveness (-0.4 cm, 95% CI -1.2 to 0.3), or perceived feasibility for inclusion in routine management (0.2 cm, 95% CI -0.7 to 1.1). Conclusion: Gaming console exercise provides a similar cardiovascular demand as traditional exercise modalities. It is feasible that adults with cystic fibrosis could include gaming console exercise in their exercise program.	randomized controlled trial; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Australia & New Zealand; Online/Print; Peer Reviewed. Special Interest: Physical Therapy. Instrumentation: Borg Scale of Perceived Exertion; Borg Dyspnoea Scale (Mahler et al). No. of Refs: 27 ref.		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2010963932&site=ehost-live		Allied Health Research Collaborative, Metro North (Northern) Health Service District
Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Prince Charles Hospital						rzh	EBSCOhost	
M. Kwasniewska, M. Pasowicz, M. Tlalka, B. Laskowicz, A. Jegier and W. Drygas	2011	[Physical activity and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic middle-aged men]. [Polish]		Przeglad lekarski			68		9	571-5						Journal: Article		[Physical activity and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic middle-aged men]. [Polish]								Pubmed 22335003						CN-00900910				Few studies have examined the effect of physical activity (PA) on subclinical atherosclerosis. Those that have been conducted were not based on longitudinal observation of lifestyle and objective measures of cardiorespiratory fitness. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of PA level on subclinical atherosclerosis in a long-term prospective observation (mean 17.9 +/- 4.21 years) of asymptomatic middle aged-men. We studied 27 men with stable high PA level (mean age 57.1 +/- 6.6 years) and 27 pair matched controls with sedentary lifestyle (mean age 56.1 +/- 6.6 years). PA level was assessed by detailed questionnaire based on the CINDI Health Monitor Questionnaire. Objective measurements of aerobic capacity was evaluated by exercise tests. Subclinical atherosclerosis was measured by assessing coronary calcification score (CCS) according to Agatston's method by means of the multi-slice computed tomography. Mean CCS was significantly lower among highly active men than among sedentary controls (28.3 +/- 70.6 vs 211.4 +/- 344.9; respectively, p<0.02). Active men had also more often CCS=0 (15 vs 7 persons). Not even one case of advanced calcification (CCS > 400) was noted among active men. Additional analysis of the active men group revealed that persons with CCS=0 had significantly higher energy expenditure, PA volume and better aerobic capacity as compared to other active men, but with CCS>0. Long-term high PA may be associated with a lower risk of developing subclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic middle-aged men.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/910/CN-00900910/frame.html										
K. Lagally, R. Robertson, K. Gallagher, F. Goss, J. Jakicic, S. Lephart, S. McCaw and B. Goodpaster	2002	Perceived exertion, electromyography, and blood lactate during acute bouts of resistance exercise		Medicine and science in sports and exercise			34		3	552-9; discussion 560						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Perceived exertion, electromyography, and blood lactate during acute bouts of resistance exercise								Pubmed 11880823						CN-00378527				PURPOSE: This study examined ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during resistance exercise in women. In addition, changes in blood lactic acid and biceps muscle activity assessed using electromyography (EMG) were investigated as potential mediators of RPE during resistance exercise. METHODS: Twenty female volunteers (age, 25 +/- 4 yr) performed one set of biceps curl exercise at 30%, 60%, and 90% of their one-repetition maximum (1-RM). Total work was held constant by varying the number of repetitions during each of the three intensities. The three intensities were performed in random order. RPE responses were assessed for both the active muscle (RPE-AM) and the overall body (RPE-O) following each intensity. EMG data were collected from the biceps brachii muscle during each intensity. Blood samples were taken before and following the intensities and analyzed for blood lactic acid concentration. RESULTS: A two-factor repeated-measures ANOVA showed a significant RPE (region) x intensity interaction (P < 0.02). Both RPE-AM and RPE-O increased as the intensity of exercise increased. EMG activity increased significantly (P < 0.01) as the intensity of exercise increased. A two-factor repeated measures ANOVA performed on the blood lactate data showed a significant (P < 0.04) time x intensity interaction. Postexercise [Hla] was significantly greater (P < 0.01) at 90% 1-RM than at 30% 1-RM. No significant differences were found in [Hla] between 30% and 60% 1-RM, or between 60% and 90% 1-RM. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that monitoring RPE may be a useful technique for regulating resistance exercise intensity. Moreover, blood lactate and activity of the involved muscle may mediate the relation between RPE and resistance exercise intensity.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/527/CN-00378527/frame.html										
J. Lakerveld, S. Bot, M. Chinapaw, M. Tulder, P. Kostense, J. Dekker and G. Nijpels	2013	Motivational interviewing and problem solving treatment to reduce type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk in real life: a randomized controlled trial		International journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity			10			47						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Motivational interviewing and problem solving treatment to reduce type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk in real life: a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 23597082						CN-00964256				BACKGROUND: Intensive lifestyle interventions in well-controlled settings are effective in lowering the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but there are still no effective lifestyle interventions for everyday practice. In the Hoorn Prevention Study we aimed to assess the effectiveness of a primary care based lifestyle intervention to reduce the estimated risk of developing T2DM and for CVD mortality, and to motivate changes in lifestyle behaviors. METHODS: The Hoorn Prevention Study is a parallel group randomized controlled trial, implemented in the region of West-Friesland, the Netherlands. 622 adults with ?10% estimated risk of T2DM and/or CVD mortality were randomly assigned and monitored over a period of 12 months. The intervention group (n=314) received a theory-based lifestyle intervention based on an innovative combination of motivational interviewing and problem solving treatment, provided by trained practice nurses in 12 general practices. The control group (n=308) received existing health brochures. Primary outcomes was the estimated diabetes risk according to the formula of the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) Study, and the estimated risk for CVD mortality according to the Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) formula. Secondary outcomes included lifestyle behavior (diet, physical activity and smoking). The research assistants, the principal investigator and the general practitioners were blinded to group assignment. Linear and logistic regression analysis was applied to examine the between-group differences in each outcome measure, adjusted for baseline values. RESULTS: 536 (86.2%) of the 622 participants (age 43.5 years) completed the 6-month follow-up, and 502 (81.2%) completed the 12-month follow-up. The mean baseline T2DM risk was 18.9% (SD 8.2) and the mean CVD mortality risk was 3.8% (SD 3.0). The intervention group participated in a median of 2 sessions. Intention-to-treat analyses showed no significant differences in outcomes between the two groups at 6 or 12-months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The lifestyle intervention was not more effective than health brochures in reducing risk scores for T2DM and CVD or improving lifestyle behavior in an at-risk population. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials: ISRCTN59358434.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/256/CN-00964256/frame.html										
S. Lamb, R. Lall, Z. Hansen, E. Castelnuovo, E. Withers, V. Nichols, F. Griffiths, R. Potter, A. Szczepura and M. Underwood	2010	A multicentred randomised controlled trial of a primary care-based cognitive behavioural programme for low back pain. The Back Skills Training (BeST) trial		Health technology assessment (Winchester, England)			14		41	1-253, iii-iv						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		A multicentred randomised controlled trial of a primary care-based cognitive behavioural programme for low back pain. The Back Skills Training (BeST) trial								Pubmed 20807469						CN-00780795				OBJECTIVES: To estimate the clinical effectiveness of active management (AM) in general practice versus AM plus a group-based, professionally led cognitive behavioural approach (CBA) for subacute and chronic low back pain (LBP) and to measure the cost of each strategy over a period of 12 months and estimate cost-effectiveness. DESIGN: Pragmatic multicentred randomised controlled trial with investigator-blinded assessment of outcomes. SETTING: Fifty-six general practices from seven English regions. PARTICIPANTS: People with subacute and chronic LBP who were experiencing symptoms that were at least moderately troublesome. INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomised (in a ratio of 2:1) to receive either AM+CBA or AM alone. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes were the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMQ) and the Modified Von Korff Scale (MVK), which measure LBP and disability. Secondary outcomes included mental and physical health-related quality of life (Short Form 12-item health survey), health status, fear avoidance beliefs and pain self-efficacy. Cost-utility of CBA was considered from both the UK NHS perspective and a broader health-care perspective, including both NHS costs and costs of privately purchased goods and services related to LBP. Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were calculated from the five-item EuroQoL. RESULTS: Between April 2005 and April 2007, 701 participants were randomised: 233 to AM and 468 to AM+CBA. Of these, 420 were female. The mean age of participants was 54 years and mean baseline RMQ was 8.7. Outcome data were obtained for 85% of participants at 12 months. Benefits were seen across a range of outcome measures in favour of CBA with no evidence of group or therapist effects. CBA resulted in at least twice as much improvement as AM. Mean additional improvement in the CBA arm was 1.1 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4 to 1.7], 1.4 (95% CI 0.7 to 2.1) and 1.3 (95% CI 0.6 to 2.1) change points in the RMQ at 3, 6 and 12 months respectively. Additional improvement in MVK pain was 6.8 (95% CI 3.5 to 10.2), 8.0 (95% CI 4.3 to 11.7) and 7.0 (95% CI 3.2 to 10.7) points, and in MVK disability was 4.3 (95% CI 0.4 to 8.2), 8.1 (95% CI 4.1 to 12.0) and 8.4 (95% CI 4.4 to 12.4) points at 3, 6 and 12 months respectively. At 12 months, 60% of the AM+CBA arm and 31% of the AM arm reported some or complete recovery. Mean cost of attending a CBA course was 187 pounds per participant with an additional benefit in QALYs of 0.099 and an additional cost of 178.06 pounds. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 1786.00 pounds. Probability of CBA being cost-effective reached 90% at about 3000 pounds and remained at that level or above; at a cost-effectiveness threshold of 20,000 pounds the CBA group had an almost 100% probability of being considered cost-effective. User perspectives on the acceptability of group treatments were sought through semi-structured interviews. Most were familiar with key messages of AM; most who had attended any group sessions had retained key messages from the sessions and two-thirds talked about a reduction in fear avoidance and changes in their behaviour. Group sessions appeared to provide reassurance, lessen isolation and enable participants to learn strategies from each other. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of CBA in treating subacute and chronic LBP was shown, making this intervention attractive to patients, clinicians and purchasers. Short-term (3-month) clinical effects were similar to those found in high-quality studies of other therapies and benefits were maintained and increased over the long term (12 months). Cost per QALY was about half that of competing interventions for LBP and because the intervention can be delivered by existing NHS staff following brief training, the back skills training programme could be implemented within the NHS with relative ease. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN37807450. FUNDING: The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/795/CN-00780795/frame.html										
S. Lamb, M. Williams, E. Williamson, S. Gates, E. Withers, S. Mt-Isa, D. Ashby, E. Castelnuovo, M. Underwood and M. Cooke	2012	Managing injuries of the neck trial (mint): A randomised controlled trial of treatments for whiplash injuries		Health technology assessment			16		49	1-141						Journal: Article		Managing injuries of the neck trial (mint): A randomised controlled trial of treatments for whiplash injuries														CN-00913264				Objectives: To examine the clinical effectiveness of a stepped care approach over a 12-month period after an acute whiplash injury; to estimate the costs and cost-effectiveness of each strategy including treatments and subsequent health-care costs; and to gain participants' perspective on experiencing whiplash injury, NHS treatment, and recovery within the context of the Managing Injuries of the Neck Trial (MINT). Design: Two linked, pragmatic, randomised controlled trials. In Step 1, emergency departments (EDs) were cluster randomised to usual care advice (UCA) or The Whiplash Book advice (WBA)/active management advice. In Step 2, participants were individually randomised to either a single session of advice from a physiotherapist or a physiotherapy package of up to six sessions. An economic evaluation and qualitative study were run in parallel with the trial. Setting: Twelve NHS trusts in England comprising 15 EDs. Participants: People who attended EDs with an acute whiplash injury of whiplash-associated disorder grades I-III were eligible for Step 1. People who had attended EDs with whiplash injuries and had persistent symptoms 3 weeks after ED attendance were eligible for Step 2. Interventions: In Step 1, the control intervention was UCA and the experimental intervention was a psycho-educational intervention (WBA/active management advice). In Step 2 the control treatment was reinforcement of the advice provided in Step 1 and the experimental intervention was a package of up to six physiotherapy treatments. Main outcome: The primary outcome was the Neck Disability Index (NDI), which measures severity and frequency of pain and symptoms, and a range of activities including self-care, driving, reading, sleeping and recreation. Secondary outcomes included the mental and physical health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) subscales of the Short Form questionnaire-12 items (SF-12) and the number of work days lost. Results: A total of 3851 patients were recruited to Step 1 of the trial. 1598 patients attending EDs were randomised to UCA, and 2253 were randomised to WBA/active management. Outcome data were obtained at 12 months for 70% and 80% of participants at Step 1 and Step 2, respectively. The majority of people recovered from the injury. Eighteen per cent of the Step 1 cohort had late whiplash syndrome. There was no statistically or clinically significant difference observed in any of the outcomes for participants attending EDs randomised to UCA or active management advice [difference in NDI 0.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.8 to 2.8]. In Step 2 the physiotherapy package resulted in improvements in neck disability at 4 months compared with a single advice session, but these effects were small at the population level (difference in NDI -3.2, 95% CI -5.8 to -0.7). The physiotherapy package was accompanied by a significant reduction in the number of work days lost at 4-month follow-up (difference -40.2, 95% CI -44.3 to -35.8). Conclusions: MINT suggests that enhanced psycho-educational interventions in EDs are no more effective than UCA in reducing the burden of acute whiplash injuries. A physiotherapy package provided to people who have persisting symptoms within the first 6 weeks of injury produced additional short-term benefits in neck disability compared with a single physiotherapy advice session. However, from a health-care perspective, the physiotherapy package was not cost-effective at current levels of willingness to pay. Both experimental treatments were associated with increased cost with no discernible gain in health-related quality of life. However, an important benefit of the physiotherapy package was a reduction in work days lost; consequently, the intervention may prove cost-effective at the societal level. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN33302125. Funding: This project was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 16, No. 49. See the HTA programme website for further project information.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/264/CN-00913264/frame.html										
M. Lambert, P. Marcus, T. Burgess and T. Noakes	2002	Electro-membrane microcurrent therapy reduces signs and symptoms of muscle damage		Medicine and science in sports and exercise			34		4	602-7						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Electro-membrane microcurrent therapy reduces signs and symptoms of muscle damage								Pubmed 11932567						CN-00379355				PURPOSE: Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) occurs after unaccustomed physical activity or competitive sport, resulting in stiff, painful muscles with impaired function. Acustat electro-membrane microcurrent therapy has been used to treat postoperative pain and soft tissue injury; however, its efficacy in reducing symptoms of muscle damage is not known. METHODS: Thirty healthy men were recruited for a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The muscles of their nondominant arms were damaged using an eccentric-exercise protocol. Subjects were then randomly assigned to treatment with either Acustat or a matching placebo membrane for 96 h and monitored for a total of 168 h. RESULTS: Subjects in both groups experienced severe pain and swelling of the elbow flexors after the eccentric exercise. After 24 h, the elbow joint angle of the placebo group had increased significantly more than those in the Acustat group (13.7 +/- 8.9 degrees vs 7.5 +/- 5.5 degrees; placebo vs Acustat, P < 0.05), possibly as a consequence of the elbow flexor muscles shortening. For the first 48 h after exercise, maximum voluntary contraction of the elbow flexor muscles was significantly impaired in the placebo group by up to 25% (P < 0.05), whereas muscle function was unchanged in the Acustat group. Peak plasma creatine kinase activity was also lower in the Acustat group (peak = 777 +/- 1438 U.L-1) versus the placebo group (peak = 1918 +/- 2067 U.L-1; (P < 0.05). The membranes were well tolerated by the subjects in both groups without any adverse effects. CONCLUSION: These data show that treatment of muscle damage with Acustat electro-membrane microcurrent therapy reduces the severity of the symptoms. The mechanisms of action are unknown but are likely related to maintenance of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis after muscle damaging exercise.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/355/CN-00379355/frame.html										
G. E. Lancioni, N. N. Singh, M. F. O'Reilly, J. Sigafoos, G. Alberti, A. Boccasini, D. Oliva and S. Buono	2013	Technology-based programs to improve walking behavior of persons with multiple disabilities: two single-case studies		Disability & Rehabilitation Assistive Technology			8		1	92-8					Jan	Case Reports		Technology-based programs to improve walking behavior of persons with multiple disabilities: two single-case studies	Disabil	1748-3115												22515417				PURPOSE: Assessing two technology-based programs for reducing toe walking and breaks during walking of two men with multiple disabilities, respectively.
METHOD: The men were involved in separate single-case studies, each of which was carried out according to an ABAB design. The technology included a microprocessor with specific software, optic sensors, and visual plus vibrotactile or auditory systems for presenting preferred stimuli. In Study I, the man received 1 s of preferred flickering lights and vibratory input for each step performed with the heel of the left foot touching the ground or coming close to it (i.e. within a 2-mm distance). In Study II, the other man received 10 s of preferred music anytime he crossed one of the small marks present along the travel routes.
RESULTS: The B phases showed that (a) the man included in Study I increased the percentages of left- and right-foot steps performed with the heels touching or nearing the ground to above 85% and 70%, respectively, and (b) the man included in Study II walked with very few breaks.
CONCLUSION: Technology-based programs can be highly effective in helping persons with multiple disabilities improve their walking behavior.	Lancioni, Giulio E
Singh, Nirbhay N
O'Reilly, Mark F
Sigafoos, Jeff
Alberti, Gloria
Boccasini, Adele
Oliva, Doretta
Buono, Serafino		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22515417http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22515417&id=doi:10.3109%2F17483107.2012.678030&issn=1748-3107&volume=8&issue=1&spage=92&pages=92-8&date=2013&title=Disability+%26+Rehabilitation+Assistive+Technology&atitle=Technology-based+programs+to+improve+walking+behavior+of+persons+with+multiple+disabilities%3A+two+single-case+studies.&aulast=Lancioni&pid=%3Cauthor%3ELancioni+GE%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22515417%3C%2FAN%3E		University of Bari, Italy. g.lancioni@psico.uniba.it						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

G. E. Lancioni, N. N. Singh, M. F. O'Reilly, J. Sigafoos, M. L. La Martire, D. Oliva and J. Groeneweg	2012	Technology-based programs to promote walking fluency or improve foot-ground contact during walking: two case studies of adults with multiple disabilities		Research in Developmental Disabilities			33		1	111-8					Jan-Feb	Case Reports		Technology-based programs to promote walking fluency or improve foot-ground contact during walking: two case studies of adults with multiple disabilities	Res Dev Disabil	1873-3379												22093655				These two case studies assessed technology-based programs for promoting walking fluency and improving foot-ground contact during walking with a man and a woman with multiple disabilities, respectively. The man showed breaks during walking and the woman presented with toe walking. The technology used in the studies included a microprocessor with specific software, an MP3 with the recordings of preferred stimulus items, and optic sensors. Both studies were carried out according to an ABAB design. In Study I, the optic sensors were activated when the man crossed small marks distributed along the travel routes. At each sensor's activation, the man received a brief period of preferred stimulation. In Study II, the woman received preferred stimulation when the sensors at the toe and the heel of her shoes were activated in close time proximity. The man walked virtually without breaks and improved his mood (with an increase in indices of happiness) during the intervention phases of the study. The woman largely increased her percentages of steps with adequate foot-ground contact, which reached a mean of about 80 during the second intervention phase. The results were discussed in terms of rehabilitation implications and technology demands. Copyright 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Lancioni, Giulio E
Singh, Nirbhay N
O'Reilly, Mark F
Sigafoos, Jeff
La Martire, Maria L
Oliva, Doretta
Groeneweg, Jop		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22093655http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22093655&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.ridd.2011.08.029&issn=0891-4222&volume=33&issue=1&spage=111&pages=111-8&date=2012&title=Research+in+Developmental+Disabilities&atitle=Technology-based+programs+to+promote+walking+fluency+or+improve+foot-ground+contact+during+walking%3A+two+case+studies+of+adults+with+multiple+disabilities.&aulast=Lancioni&pid=%3Cauthor%3ELancioni+GE%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22093655%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Psychology, University of Bari, Italy.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

G. E. Lancioni, N. N. Singh, M. F. O'Reilly, J. Sigafoos, D. Oliva, F. Campodonico and R. Lang	2012	Persons with multiple disabilities exercise adaptive response schemes with the help of technology-based programs: three single-case studies		Research in Developmental Disabilities			33		3	849-57					May-Jun	Case Reports		Persons with multiple disabilities exercise adaptive response schemes with the help of technology-based programs: three single-case studies	Res Dev Disabil	1873-3379												22240142				The present three single-case studies assessed the effectiveness of technology-based programs to help three persons with multiple disabilities exercise adaptive response schemes independently. The response schemes included (a) left and right head movements for a man who kept his head increasingly static on his wheelchair's headrest (Study I), (b) left- and right-arm movements for a woman who tended to hold both arms/hands tight against her body (Study II), and (c) touching object cues on a computer screen for a girl who rarely used her residual vision for orienting/guiding her hand responses. The technology involved microswitches/sensors to detect the response schemes and a computer/control system to record their occurrences and activate preferred stimuli contingent on them. Results showed large increases in the response schemes targeted for each of the three participants during the intervention phases of the studies. The importance of using technology-based programs as tools for enabling persons with profound and multiple disabilities to practice relevant responses independently was discussed. Copyright 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Lancioni, Giulio E
Singh, Nirbhay N
O'Reilly, Mark F
Sigafoos, Jeff
Oliva, Doretta
Campodonico, Francesca
Lang, Russell		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22240142http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22240142&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.ridd.2011.12.009&issn=0891-4222&volume=33&issue=3&spage=849&pages=849-57&date=2012&title=Research+in+Developmental+Disabilities&atitle=Persons+with+multiple+disabilities+exercise+adaptive+response+schemes+with+the+help+of+technology-based+programs%3A+three+single-case+studies.&aulast=Lancioni&pid=%3Cauthor%3ELancioni+GE%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22240142%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Psychology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy. g.lancioni@psico.uniba.it						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

E. Lancsar, J. Hall, M. King, P. Kenny, J. Louviere, D. Fiebig, I. Hossain, F. Thien, H. Reddel and C. Jenkins	2007	Using discrete choice experiments to investigate subject preferences for preventive asthma medication		Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)			12		1	127-36						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Using discrete choice experiments to investigate subject preferences for preventive asthma medication								Pubmed 17207038						CN-00574860				BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Long-term adherence to inhaled corticosteroids is poor despite the crucial role of preventer medications in achieving good asthma outcomes. This study was undertaken to explore patient preferences in relation to their current inhaled corticosteroid medication, a hypothetical preventer or no medication. METHODS: A discrete choice experiment was conducted in 57 adults with mild-moderate asthma and airway hyper-responsiveness, who were using inhaled corticosteroid <or=500 microg/day (beclomethasone equivalent). In the discrete choice experiment, subjects evaluated 16 hypothetical scenarios made up of 10 attributes that described the process and outcomes of taking asthma medication, with two to four levels for each attribute. For each scenario, subjects chose between the hypothetical medication, the medication they were currently taking and no asthma medication. A random parameter multinomial logit model was estimated to quantify subject preferences for the aspects of taking asthma medication and the influence of attributes on medication decisions. RESULTS: Subjects consistently made choices in favour of being able to do strenuous and sporting activities with or without reliever, experiencing no side-effects and never having to monitor their peak flow. Frequency of collecting prescriptions, frequency of taking the medication, its route of administration and the strength of the doctor recommendation about the medication were not significant determinants of choice. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that patients prefer a preventer that confers capacity to maximize physical activity, has no side-effects and does not require daily peak flow monitoring.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/860/CN-00574860/frame.html										
M. R. Landers, C. Durand, D. S. Powell, L. E. Dibble and D. L. Young	2011	Development of a Scale to Assess Avoidance Behavior Due to a Fear of Falling: The Fear of Falling Avoidance Behavior Questionnaire		Physical Therapy			91		8	1253-1265								Development of a Scale to Assess Avoidance Behavior Due to a Fear of Falling: The Fear of Falling Avoidance Behavior Questionnaire		0031-9023												2011249415. Language: English. Entry Date: 20110923. Revision Date: 20120907. Publication Type: journal article				Background. A history of falls or imbalance may lead to a fear of falling, which may lead to self-imposed avoidance of activity; this avoidance may stimulate a vicious cycle of deconditioning and subsequent falls. Objective. The purpose of this study was to develop a questionnaire that would quantify avoidance behavior due to a fear of falling. Design. This study consisted of 2 parts: questionnaire development and psychometric testing. Questionnaire development involved an expert panel and 39 residents of an assisted living facility. Sixty-three community-dwelling individuals with various health conditions participated in psychometric testing. Method. Questionnaire development included the evaluation of face and content validity and factor analysis of the initial questionnaire. The final result of questionnaire development was the Fear of Falling Avoidance Behavior Questionnaire (FFABQ). In order to determine its psychometric properties, reliability and construct validity were assessed through administration of the FFABQ to participants twice, 1 week apart, and comparison of the FFABQ with other questionnaires related to fear of falling, functional measures of balance and mobility, and daily activity levels using an activity monitor. Results. The FFABQ had good overall test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=.812) and was found to differentiate between participants who were considered "fallers" (ie, at least one fall in the previous year) and those who were considered "nonfallers." The FFABQ predicted time spent sitting or lying and endurance. Limitations. A relatively small number of people with a fear of falling were willing to participate. Conclusion. Results from this study offer evidence for the reliability and validity of the FFABQ and support the notion that the FFABQ measures avoidance behavior rather than balance confidence, self-efficacy, or fear.	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Gerontologic Care; Physical Therapy. Instrumentation: Falls Efficacy Scale (FES); Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) (Folstein et al); Sensory Organization Test (SOT); Berg Balance Scale; Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT); Dynamic Gait Index (DGI); Timed "Up and Go" Test (TUG); Fear of Falling Avoidance Behavior Questionnaire (FFABQ) (Landers et al); Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC Scale). No. of Refs: 76 ref. NLM UID: 0022623.
PMID: 21700763		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2011249415&site=ehost-live		Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Pkwy, Box 453029, Las Vegas, NV 89154- 3029 (USA)
Fernley Physical Therapy, Fernley, Nevada, and Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Department of Physical Therapy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah						rzh	EBSCOhost	
J. Lane, B. Phillips-Bute and C. Pieper	1998	Caffeine raises blood pressure at work		Psychosomatic medicine			60		3	327-30						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Caffeine raises blood pressure at work								Pubmed 9625220						CN-00200569				OBJECTIVE: The study investigated the effects of moderate doses of caffeine on ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate during workday activities. METHODS: Healthy, nonsmoking, habitual coffee drinkers (N = 21) received daily doses of 100 mg and 500 mg of caffeine on 2 days in a crossover design. Treatment order was random and counterbalanced, and administration was double-blind. Ambulatory monitoring was conducted for 6 to 9 hours during normal workday activities and diary entries were completed at each measurement. Ambulatory data were analyzed for the effects of caffeine dose, controlling for variations in posture, physical activity, and perceived stress. RESULTS: The average workday blood pressure and heart rate were significantly higher when the higher dose of caffeine was consumed. Controlling for other factors, dose-related differences were 4 mm Hg for systolic and 3 mm Hg for diastolic blood pressure, and were 3 bpm for heart rate. CONCLUSIONS: Results support earlier evidence that caffeine raises blood pressure at work, and demonstrate that these pressor effects are independent of changes in posture, physical activity, or stress. Daily blood pressure increases associated with caffeine consumption could increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. In addition, caffeine consumption effects might confound ambulatory investigations of the cardiovascular effects of other psychosocial, personality, or health-behavior factors.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/569/CN-00200569/frame.html										
K. Lange, F. Isaksson, A. Juul, M. Rasmussen, J. Bülow and M. Kjaer	2000	Growth hormone enhances effects of endurance training on oxidative muscle metabolism in elderly women		American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism			279		5	E989-96						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Growth hormone enhances effects of endurance training on oxidative muscle metabolism in elderly women								Pubmed 11052952						CN-00332003				The present study investigated whether recombinant human (rh) growth hormone (GH) combined with endurance training would have a larger effect on oxidative capacity, metabolism, and body fat than endurance training alone. Sixteen healthy, elderly women, aged 75 yr, performed closely monitored endurance training on a cycle ergometer over 12 wk. rhGH was given in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled design in addition to the training program. GH administration resulted in a doubling of serum insulin-like growth factor I levels. With endurance training, peak oxygen uptake increased by approximately 18% in both groups, whereas the marked increase in muscle citrate synthase activity was 50% larger in the GH group compared with the placebo group. In addition, only the GH group revealed an increase in muscle L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity. Body weight remained unchanged in both groups, but the GH group showed significant changes in body composition with a decrease in fat mass and an increase in lean body mass. Twenty-four-hour indirect calorimetry performed in four subjects showed a marked increase in energy expenditure with increased relative and absolute fat combustion in the two subjects receiving rhGH. In conclusion, rhGH adds to the effects of endurance training on muscle oxidative enzymes and causes a reduction in body fat in elderly women.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/003/CN-00332003/frame.html										
B. Langhammer, J. Stanghelle and B. Lindmark	2009	An evaluation of two different exercise regimes during the first year following stroke: a randomised controlled trial		Physiotherapy theory and practice			25		2	55-68						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		An evaluation of two different exercise regimes during the first year following stroke: a randomised controlled trial								Pubmed 19212897						CN-00686997				The purpose of this randomised controlled trial was to evaluate the effects of two different exercise approaches during the first 12 months post stroke on Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), motor function, gait performance, balance, grip strength, and muscle tone. This study is a double-blind longitudinal randomised trial of first-time-ever stroke patients. Seventy-five patients were included: 35 in an intervention group and 40 in a self-initiated exercise group. After discharge from acute rehabilitation, patients assigned in the intervention group had physiotherapy for a minimum amount of 80 hours during the first year. Patients in the self-initiated exercise group were not recommended any specific therapy besides treatment when needed. Main outcome measures were Instrumental Activities of Daily Living according to Fillenbaum, Motor Assessment Scale, 6-Minute Walk Test, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up-and-Go Test, grip strength, Modified Ashworth Scale, and pulse monitoring. The patients were tested on admission, at discharge, and after 3, 6, and 12 months post stroke by an experienced investigator, blinded to group assignment. Twelve months post stroke showed higher levels of independence in all items of the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Test and improvements in the results of Motor Assessment Scale, 6-Minute Walk Test, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up-and-Go, and grip strength in both groups. Only a few significant differences were seen between groups, and they were in favour of the self-initiated exercise group (e.g., ability to use the telephone independently). Attending examination sessions following each intervention phase appeared to be strong motivators for training, irrespective of group allocation.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/997/CN-00686997/frame.html										
R. E. LaPorte, J. A. Cauley, C. M. Kinsey, W. Corbett, R. Robertson, R. Black-Sandler, L. H. Kuller and J. Falkel	1982	The epidemiology of physical activity in children, college students, middle-aged men, menopausal females and monkeys		Journal of Chronic Diseases			35		10	787-95						Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		The epidemiology of physical activity in children, college students, middle-aged men, menopausal females and monkeys	J Chronic Dis	0021-9681												7119081				Although the inverse relationship between physical activity and coronary heart disease (CHD) has been well documented, little is known concerning the epidemiology of physical activity. A primary reason for the lack of knowledge has been a problem of quantification of physical activity. We have employed the Large-Scale-Integrated (LSI)Activity Monitor in five diverse populations to measure individual physical activity levels. The results indicated that the instrument can accurately index individual physical activity levels, as well as to provide important information concerning the epidemiology of physical activity.	LaPorte, R E
Cauley, J A
Kinsey, C M
Corbett, W
Robertson, R
Black-Sandler, R
Kuller, L H
Falkel, J
5-34369 (United States PHS HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=7119081http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1980+to+1987%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:7119081&id=doi:&issn=0021-9681&volume=35&issue=10&spage=787&pages=787-95&date=1982&title=Journal+of+Chronic+Diseases&atitle=The+epidemiology+of+physical+activity+in+children%2C+college+students%2C+middle-aged+men%2C+menopausal+females+and+monkeys.&aulast=LaPorte&pid=%3Cauthor%3ELaPorte+RE%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E7119081%3C%2FAN%3E								MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. Laterza, L. Matos, I. Trombetta, A. Braga, F. Roveda, M. Alves, E. Krieger, C. Negrão and M. Rondon	2007	Exercise training restores baroreflex sensitivity in never-treated hypertensive patients		Hypertension			49		6	1298-306						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Exercise training restores baroreflex sensitivity in never-treated hypertensive patients								Pubmed 17438307						CN-00587993				The effects of exercise training on baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity in human hypertension are unknown. We hypothesized that exercise training would improve baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and heart rate (HR) in patients with hypertension and that exercise training would reduce MSNA and blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients. Twenty never-treated hypertensive patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: exercise-trained (n=11; age: 46+/-2 years) and untrained (n=9; age: 42+/-2 years) patients. An age-matched normotensive exercise-trained group (n=12; age: 42+/-2 years) was also studied. Baroreflex control of MSNA (microneurography) and HR (ECG) was assessed by stepwise intravenous infusions of phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside and analyzed by linear regression. BP was monitored on a beat-to-beat basis. Exercise training consisted of three 60-minute exercise sessions per week for 4 months. Under baseline conditions (before training), BP and MSNA were similar between hypertensive groups but significantly increased when compared with the normotensive group. Baroreflex control of MSNA and HR was similar between hypertensive groups but significantly decreased when compared with the normotensive group. In hypertensive patients, exercise training significantly reduced BP (P<0.01) and MSNA (P<0.01) levels and significantly increased baroreflex control of MSNA and HR during increases (P<0.01 and P<0.03, respectively) and decreases (P<0.01 and P<0.03, respectively) in BP. The baseline (preintervention) difference in baroreflex sensitivity between hypertensive patients and normotensive individuals was no longer observed after exercise training. No significant changes were found in untrained hypertensive patients. In conclusion, exercise training restores the baroreflex control of MSNA and HR in hypertensive patients. In addition, exercise training normalizes MSNA and decreases BP levels in these patients.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/993/CN-00587993/frame.html										
L. Laudani, G. Vannozzi, Z. Sawacha, U. della Croce, A. Cereatti and A. Macaluso	2013	Association between physical activity levels and physiological factors underlying mobility in young, middle-aged and older individuals living in a city district		PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource]			8		9	e74227						Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Association between physical activity levels and physiological factors underlying mobility in young, middle-aged and older individuals living in a city district	PLoS ONE	1932-6203					PMC3765304							24040209				Maintaining adequate levels of physical activity is known to preserve health status and functional independence as individuals grow older. However, the relationship between determinants of physical activity (volume and intensity) and physiological factors underlying mobility (cardio-respiratory fitness, neuromuscular function and functional abilities) is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between objectively quantified physical activity and a spectrum of physiological factors underlying mobility in young, middle-aged and older individuals living in a city district. Experiments were carried out on 24 young (28 + 2 years), 24 middle-aged (48 + 2 years) and 24 older (70 + 3 years) gender-matched volunteers. Physical activity was monitored by a wearable activity monitor to quantify volume and intensity of overall physical activity and selected habitual activities over 24 hours. Ventilatory threshold was assessed during an incremental cycling test. Torque, muscle fiber conduction velocity and agonist-antagonist coactivation were measured during maximal voluntary contraction of knee extensors and flexors. Ground reaction forces were measured during sit-to-stand and counter-movement jump. K-means cluster analysis was used to classify the participants' physical activity levels based on parameters of volume and intensity. Two clusters of physical activity volume (i.e., high and low volume) and three clusters of physical activity intensity (i.e. high, medium and low intensity) were identified in all participants. Cardio-respiratory fitness was associated with volume of overall physical activity as well as lying, sitting, standing, walking and stair climbing. On the other hand, neuromuscular function and functional abilities showed a significant association with intensity of overall physical activity as well as postural transition, walking and stair climbing. As a practical application, the relative role played by volume and intensity of overall physical activity and selected habitual activities should be taken into account in the design of preventative training interventions to preserve mobility as individuals grow older.	Laudani, Luca
Vannozzi, Giuseppe
Sawacha, Zimi
della Croce, Ugo
Cereatti, Andrea
Macaluso, Andrea		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=mesx&AN=24040209http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+Daily+Update+%3CJune+06%2C+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:24040209&id=doi:10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0074227&issn=1932-6203&volume=8&issue=9&spage=e74227&pages=e74227&date=2013&title=PLoS+ONE+%5BElectronic+Resource%5D&atitle=Association+between+physical+activity+levels+and+physiological+factors+underlying+mobility+in+young%2C+middle-aged+and+older+individuals+living+in+a+city+district.&aulast=Laudani&pid=%3Cauthor%3ELaudani+L%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E24040209%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Human Movement, Social and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Rome, Italy.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

L. Lavery, K. Higgins, D. Lanctot, G. Constantinides, R. Zamorano, K. Athanasiou, D. Armstrong and C. Agrawal	2007	Preventing diabetic foot ulcer recurrence in high-risk patients: use of temperature monitoring as a self-assessment tool		Diabetes care			30		1	14-20						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Preventing diabetic foot ulcer recurrence in high-risk patients: use of temperature monitoring as a self-assessment tool								Pubmed 17192326						CN-00574703				OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a temperature monitoring instrument to reduce the incidence of foot ulcers in individuals with diabetes who have a high risk for lower extremity complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In this physician-blinded, randomized, 15-month, multicenter trial, 173 subjects with a previous history of diabetic foot ulceration were assigned to standard therapy, structured foot examination, or enhanced therapy groups. Each group received therapeutic footwear, diabetic foot education, and regular foot care. Subjects in the structured foot examination group performed a structured foot inspection daily and recorded their findings in a logbook. If standard therapy or structured foot examinations identified any foot abnormalities, subjects were instructed to contact the study nurse immediately. Subjects in the enhanced therapy group used an infrared skin thermometer to measure temperatures on six foot sites each day. Temperature differences >4 degrees F (>2.2 degrees C) between left and right corresponding sites triggered patients to contact the study nurse and reduce activity until temperatures normalized. RESULTS: The enhanced therapy group had fewer foot ulcers than the standard therapy and structured foot examination groups (enhanced therapy 8.5 vs. standard therapy 29.3%, P = 0.0046 and enhanced therapy vs. structured foot examination 30.4%, P = 0.0029). Patients in the standard therapy and structured foot examination groups were 4.37 and 4.71 times more likely to develop ulcers than patients in the enhanced therapy group. CONCLUSIONS: Infrared temperature home monitoring, in serving as an "early warning sign," appears to be a simple and useful adjunct in the prevention of diabetic foot ulcerations.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/703/CN-00574703/frame.html										
J. LeCheminant, J. Smith, N. Covington, T. Hardin-Renschen and T. Heden	2011	Pedometer use in university freshmen: a randomized controlled pilot study		American journal of health behavior			35		6	777-84						Randomized Controlled Trial		Pedometer use in university freshmen: a randomized controlled pilot study								Pubmed 22251768						CN-00873194				OBJECTIVES: To describe activity patterns associated with a pedometer intervention in university freshmen and compare the intervention participants to controls for several health outcomes. METHODS: Forty-six university freshmen were randomized to a group that wore a pedometer across the academic year with a goal of 10,000 steps/day or to a control group. RESULTS: Pedometer counts were highest initially but decreased over the academic year. December presented the fewest counts. There was little difference between groups in fitness or body composition. CONCLUSIONS: Consideration of high-risk months and recommended steps/day may be important to effectively use pedometers to influence some health outcomes in university freshmen.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/194/CN-00873194/frame.html										
D. Lee, S. Kimura and V. DeQuattro	1989	Noradrenergic activity and silent ischaemia in hypertensive patients with stable angina: effect of metoprolol		Lancet			1		8635	403-6						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Noradrenergic activity and silent ischaemia in hypertensive patients with stable angina: effect of metoprolol								Pubmed 2563787						CN-00058139				30 patients (10 normotensive, 20 hypertensive) with stable angina and positive treadmill exercise tests entered a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of metoprolol, 100 mg twice daily. At the end of each treatment phase, blood pressure was monitored for 24 h and Holter and real-time electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring were carried out and an activity diary kept for 48 h. Blood samples for catecholamine measurement were taken after 30 min supine, 60 min standing, and at the first silent ischaemic event, triggered by the real-time ECG monitor, by means of an ambulatory blood withdrawal pump. Metoprolol lowered blood pressure and heart rate in both normotensive and hypertensive subjects, and reduced the frequency and duration of silent ischaemic episodes in hypertensive subjects. Plasma noradrenaline measured during silent ischaemia while the patients were resting was significantly higher than the control supine level without ischaemia. These findings suggest that noradrenergic hyperactivity may have a role in coronary vasoconstriction and that treatment which neutralizes sympathetic tone may be especially beneficial in treatment of silent ischaemia in hypertensive patients.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/139/CN-00058139/frame.html										
J. Lee, A. Oberman, G. Fletcher, J. Raczynski, B. Fletcher, N. Nanda and B. Jensen	1994	Design of the training levels comparison trial		Controlled clinical trials			15		1	59-76						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Design of the training levels comparison trial								Pubmed 8149771						CN-00100322				The Training Levels Comparison (TLC) trial was a grant-supported, multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial designed to determine whether cardiac rehabilitation patients would benefit from supervised exercise for a prolonged period (2 years) and whether subjecting patients to a more vigorous exercise program than currently recommended would provide additional cardiac benefit. If high-intensity exercise does not enhance the cardiac benefit, then physical activity should be limited to low-intensity levels that are safer, easier to implement and more adaptable to a greater number of patients. Patients were randomly assigned to either a low-intensity or high-intensity training program. All patients were to attend three 1-hour supervised exercise sessions per week for a period of 2 years. Attendance at exercise sessions and adherence to assigned treatments were monitored throughout the study. Patients were evaluated for outcome measures at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. This paper reports the study design and methodology for the TLC trial, and should be useful in providing methodologies to facilitate comparison of data from other studies with different levels of exercise as an intervention.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/322/CN-00100322/frame.html										
L. Lee, Y. Kuo, D. Fanaw, S. Perng and I. Juang	2012	The effect of an intervention combining self-efficacy theory and pedometers on promoting physical activity among adolescents		Journal of clinical nursing			21		7-8	914-22						Journal: Article		The effect of an intervention combining self-efficacy theory and pedometers on promoting physical activity among adolescents								Pubmed 22082301						CN-00903962				AIM: To study the effect of an intervention combining self-efficacy theory and pedometers on promoting physical activity among adolescents. BACKGROUND: The beneficial effects of regular physical activity on health in youths are well-documented. However, adolescence is found to be the age of greatest decline in physical activity participation. Physical activity participation among girls was generally less frequent and less intense than boys. Therefore, there is a strong need for effective interventions that can help promote physical activity in this population. DESIGN: An experimental design. METHODS: Two classes of female junior college students (mean age = 16) were randomly sampled from a total of four classes and, of those, one each was randomly assigned to either the intervention (n = 46) or the control group (n = 48). Self-efficacy was used as a core theoretical foundation of the intervention design, and pedometers were provided to the students in the intervention group. Distances between each domestic scenic spot were illustrated graphically in a walking log for students to mark the extent of their walking or running. Students in the control group participated in a usual physical education programme. The primary outcome was a change in the number of aerobic steps. The secondary outcomes were changes in cardiopulmonary endurance and exercise self-efficacy. RESULTS: At 12-week follow-up, the mean change in aerobic steps was 371 steps and 108 steps in the intervention and control group, respectively. The difference in mean change between the two groups was 467 steps. Effects of the intervention on changes of cardiopulmonary endurance and perceived exercise self-efficacy scores were not found. CONCLUSIONS: Among adolescent girls, a 12-week intervention designed on the theoretical foundation of self-efficacy theory and provision of pedometers was found to have an effect on increasing their physical activity. The intervention, using graphs of domestic scenic spots to represent the distance of walking or running as monitored by pedometers, might enhance motivation regarding physical activity. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: It is important for health professionals, including school health nurses, involved in the care of adolescent health, to design and provide a physical activity intervention combining self-efficacy theory and provision of pedometer to promote physical activity.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/962/CN-00903962/frame.html										
P. H. Lee, D. J. Macfarlane and T. H. Lam	2013	Factors associated with participant compliance in studies using accelerometers		Gait & Posture			38		4	912-7					Sep	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Factors associated with participant compliance in studies using accelerometers	Gait Posture	1879-2219												23688408				Participant compliance is an important issue in studies using accelerometers. Some participants wear the accelerometer for the duration specified by the researchers but many do not. We investigated a range of demographic factors associated with participant compliance in obtaining analyzable accelerometer data. A total of 3601 participants (aged 47.6+13.1 years, 44.6% male) were included. They were asked to wear an accelerometer (ActiGraph) for four consecutive days after completing a household survey during March 2009-January 2011 in Hong Kong. Participants wore the accelerometer on average for 13.9h in a 24-h day. No significant difference was found between males and females (p=0.38). Using log-linear regression, it was found that older participants (0.5% more wearing hours for each year of age, p<0.001), those with full-time job (p<0.01), with tertiary education (p<0.01), non-smokers (p<0.01) and with high self-reported health (p<0.05) wore the accelerometer for more hours. These results provide details for estimating compliance rates for samples with different characteristics and thus sample size calculation to account for participant compliance. Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Lee, Paul H
Macfarlane, Duncan J
Lam, T H
S0966-6362(13)00209-9		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=mesx&AN=23688408http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+Daily+Update+%3CJune+06%2C+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23688408&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.gaitpost.2013.04.018&issn=0966-6362&volume=38&issue=4&spage=912&pages=912-7&date=2013&title=Gait+%26+Posture&atitle=Factors+associated+with+participant+compliance+in+studies+using+accelerometers.&aulast=Lee&pid=%3Cauthor%3ELee+PH%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23688408%3C%2FAN%3E		FAMILY: A Jockey Club Initiative for a Harmonious Society, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

T. Lee, L. Cameron, B. Wünsche and C. Stevens	2011	A randomized trial of computer-based communications using imagery and text information to alter representations of heart disease risk and motivate protective behaviour		British journal of health psychology			16		Pt 1	72-91						Randomized Controlled Trial		A randomized trial of computer-based communications using imagery and text information to alter representations of heart disease risk and motivate protective behaviour								Pubmed 21226785						CN-00780114				OBJECTIVE: Advances in web-based animation technologies provide new opportunities to develop graphic health communications for dissemination throughout communities. We developed imagery and text contents of brief, computer-based programmes about heart disease risk, with both imagery and text contents guided by the common-sense model (CSM) of self-regulation. The imagery depicts a three-dimensional, beating heart tailored to user-specific information. DESIGN: A 2 × 2 × 4 factorial design was used to manipulate concrete imagery (imagery vs. no imagery) and conceptual information (text vs. no text) about heart disease risk in prevention-oriented programmes and assess changes in representations and behavioural motivations from baseline to 2 days, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks post-intervention. METHODS: Sedentary young adults (N= 80) were randomized to view one of four programmes: imagery plus text, imagery only, text only, or control. Participants completed measures of risk representations, worry, and physical activity and healthy diet intentions and behaviours at baseline, 2 days post-intervention (except behaviours), and 2 weeks (intentions and behaviours only) and 4 weeks later. RESULTS: The imagery contents increased representational beliefs and mental imagery relating to heart disease, worry, and intentions at post-intervention. Increases in sense of coherence (understanding of heart disease) and worry were sustained after 1 month. The imagery contents also increased healthy diet efforts after 2 weeks. The text contents increased beliefs about causal factors, mental images of clogged arteries, and worry at post-intervention, and increased physical activity 2 weeks later and sense of coherence 1 month later. CONCLUSION: The CSM-based programmes induced short-term changes in risk representations and behaviour motivation. The combination of CSM-based text and imagery appears to be most effective in instilling risk representations that motivate protective behaviour.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/114/CN-00780114/frame.html										
B. Leeman-Castillo, B. Beaty, S. Raghunath, J. Steiner and S. Bull	2010	LUCHAR: using computer technology to battle heart disease among Latinos		American Journal of Public Health			100		2	272-5					Feb	Clinical Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		LUCHAR: using computer technology to battle heart disease among Latinos	Am J Public Health	1541-0048					NIHMS128574
PMC2804640							20019305				Many promising technology-based programs designed to promote healthy behaviors such as physical activity and healthy eating have not been adapted for use with diverse communities, including Latino communities. We designed a community-based health kiosk program for English- and Spanish-speaking Latinos. Users receive personalized feedback on nutrition, physical activity, and smoking behaviors from computerized role models that guide them in establishing goals in 1 or more of these 3 areas. We found significant improvements in nutrition and physical activity among 245 Latino program users; however, no changes were observed with respect to smoking behaviors. The program shows promise for extending the reach of chronic disease prevention and self-management programs.	Leeman-Castillo, Bonnie
Beaty, Brenda
Raghunath, Silvia
Steiner, John
Bull, Sheana
1U01 HL79208 (United States NHLBI NIH HHS)
U01 HL079208-05 (United States NHLBI NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=20019305http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:20019305&id=doi:10.2105%2FAJPH.2009.162115&issn=0090-0036&volume=100&issue=2&spage=272&pages=272-5&date=2010&title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&atitle=LUCHAR%3A+using+computer+technology+to+battle+heart+disease+among+Latinos.&aulast=Leeman-Castillo&pid=%3Cauthor%3ELeeman-Castillo+B%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E20019305%3C%2FAN%3E		Colorado Health Outcomes Program, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

N. Y. J. Leenders, W. M. Sherman and H. N. Nagaraja	2000	Comparisons of four methods of estimating physical activity in adult women		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			32		7	1320-1326								Comparisons of four methods of estimating physical activity in adult women		0195-9131												2000064239. Language: English. Entry Date: 20001001. Revision Date: 20091218. Publication Type: journal article				PURPOSE: To compare four different methods of measuring physical activity (PA) in adult women under free-living conditions. METHODS: Twelve women participated in a 7-d period during which PA was assessed via self-report, accelerometry and step-counting. Subjects wore at the waist a Tritrac-R3D accelerometer, a Computer Science Application Inc. activity monitor (CSA), both of which measure bodily accelerations in various planes, and a Yamax Digi-Walker-500 that records steps. After the 7-d period subjects responded to a 7-d Physical Activity Recall interview (PAR). Results: Physical activity-related energy expenditure (PAEE) determined from PAR was significantly higher than PAEE estimated from either the Tritrac, CSA, or the Yamax data. Time spent in light, moderate, and hard physical activity was not significantly different between PAR, CSA, and Tritrac. Log-transformed activity counts from CSA were highly correlated with log-transformed Tritrac results (r > 0.90). Number of steps recorded by the Yamax was significantly correlated with untransformed Tritrac and CSA results. CONCLUSIONS: Based upon comparisons with PAR, Tritrac, CSA, and Yamax underestimate the amount of PAEE by 25, 46, and 48%, respectively. The correspondence between the Tritrac and CSA results suggests that both devices produce similar estimates of bodily movement in free-living women. The relationships among results for Tritrac, CSA, and Yamax indicate that the number of steps recorded by the Yamax is representative of the amount of physical activity performed during the day as estimated by Tritrac and CSA. These results should be useful when selecting a method to measure PA in individuals under free-living conditions.	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Instrumentation: 7-d Physical Activity Recall. Grant Information: Partially funded by the Graduate Student Alumni Research Award at the Ohio State University a student research grant from the Gatorade Sports Science Institute and the National Institutes of Health, General Clinical Research Center M1-RR-00034. No. of Refs: 30 ref. NLM UID: 8005433. Email: leenders.1@osu.edu.
PMID: 10912900		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2000064239&site=ehost-live		Ohio State University, School of Physical Activity and Educational Services, 309 E Pomerene Hall, 1760 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210						rzh	EBSCOhost	
N. Y. Leenders, W. M. Sherman, H. N. Nagaraja and C. L. Kien	2001	Evaluation of methods to assess physical activity in free-living conditions		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			33		7	1233-40					Jul	Comparative Study
Evaluation Studies
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Evaluation of methods to assess physical activity in free-living conditions	Med Sci Sports Exerc	0195-9131												11445774				PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare different methods of measuring physical activity (PA) in women by the doubly labeled water method (DLW).
METHODS: Thirteen subjects participated in a 7-d protocol during which total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) was measured with DLW. Body composition, basal metabolic rate (BMR), and peak oxygen consumption were also measured. Physical activity-related energy expenditure (PAEE) was then calculated by subtracting measured BMR and the estimated thermic effect of food from TDEE. Simultaneously, over the 7 d, PA was assessed via a 7-d Physical Activity Recall questionnaire (PAR), and subjects wore secured at the waist, a Tritrac-R3D (Madison, WI), a Computer Science Application Inc. activity monitor (CSA; Shalimar, FL), and a Yamax Digi Walker-500 (Tokyo, Japan). Pearson-product moment correlations were calculated to determine the relationships among the different methods for estimating PAEE. Paired t-tests with appropriate adjustments were used to compare the different methods with DLW-PAEE.
RESULTS: There was no significant difference between PAEE determined from PAR and DLW. The differences between the two methods ranged from -633 to 280 kcal.d(-1). Compared with DLW, PAEE determined from CSA, Tritrac, and Yamax was significantly underestimated by 59% (-495 kcal.d(-1)), 35% (-320 kcal.d(-1)) and 59% (-497 kcal.d(-1)), respectively. VO2peak explained 43% of the variation in DLW-PAEE.
CONCLUSION: Although the group average for PAR-PAEE agreed with DLW-PAEE, there were differences in the methods among the subjects. PAEE determined by Tritrac, CSA, and Yamax significantly underestimate free-living PAEE in women.	Leenders, N Y
Sherman, W M
Nagaraja, H N
Kien, C L
M1-RR-00034 (United States NCRR NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11445774http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:11445774&id=doi:&issn=0195-9131&volume=33&issue=7&spage=1233&pages=1233-40&date=2001&title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&atitle=Evaluation+of+methods+to+assess+physical+activity+in+free-living+conditions.&aulast=Leenders&pid=%3Cauthor%3ELeenders+NY%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E11445774%3C%2FAN%3E		Sport and Exercise Sciences Section, School of Physical Activity and Educational Services, Department of Statistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. leenders.1@osu.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

N. Leenders, W. M. Sherman and H. N. Nagaraja	2000	Comparisons of four methods of estimating physical activity in adult women		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			32		7	1320-6					Jul	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Comparisons of four methods of estimating physical activity in adult women	Med Sci Sports Exerc	0195-9131												10912900				PURPOSE: To compare four different methods of measuring physical activity (PA) in adult women under free-living conditions.
METHODS: Twelve women participated in a 7-d period during which PA was assessed via self-report, accelerometry and step-counting. Subjects wore at the waist a Tritrac-R3D accelerometer, a Computer Science Application Inc. activity monitor (CSA), both of which measure bodily accelerations in various planes, and a Yamax Digi-Walker-500 that records steps. After the 7-d period subjects responded to a 7-d Physical Activity Recall interview (PAR). Results: Physical activity-related energy expenditure (PAEE) determined from PAR was significantly higher than PAEE estimated from either the Tritrac, CSA, or the Yamax data. Time spent in light, moderate, and hard physical activity was not significantly different between PAR, CSA, and Tritrac. Log-transformed activity counts from CSA were highly correlated with log-transformed Tritrac results (r > 0.90). Number of steps recorded by the Yamax was significantly correlated with untransformed Tritrac and CSA results.
CONCLUSIONS: Based upon comparisons with PAR, Tritrac, CSA, and Yamax underestimate the amount of PAEE by 25, 46, and 48%, respectively. The correspondence between the Tritrac and CSA results suggests that both devices produce similar estimates of bodily movement in free-living women. The relationships among results for Tritrac, CSA, and Yamax indicate that the number of steps recorded by the Yamax is representative of the amount of physical activity performed during the day as estimated by Tritrac and CSA. These results should be useful when selecting a method to measure PA in individuals under free-living conditions.	Leenders NYJM
Sherman, W M
Nagaraja, H N
M1-RR-00034 (United States NCRR NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10912900http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:10912900&id=doi:&issn=0195-9131&volume=32&issue=7&spage=1320&pages=1320-6&date=2000&title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&atitle=Comparisons+of+four+methods+of+estimating+physical+activity+in+adult+women.&aulast=Leenders&pid=%3Cauthor%3ELeenders+NYJM%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E10912900%3C%2FAN%3E		Sport and Exercise Sciences Section, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA. leenders.1@osu.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

N. Leenders, T. Nelson and W. Sherman	2003	Ability of different physical activity monitors to detect movement during treadmill walking		International journal of sports medicine			24		1	43-50								Ability of different physical activity monitors to detect movement during treadmill walking														CN-00546303				This study assessed the ability of four different activity monitors to discriminate changes in treadmill walking velocity. The relationships between walking velocity and bodily movement and between bodily movement and energy expenditure determined by indirect calorimetry (IC-EE or METs) were determined. Twenty-eight subjects walked at 3.2, 4.0, 4.8, 5.6, and 6.4 km/h (0 % grade) for 30 min on separate occasions. The Tritrac-R3D (TT), Computer Science & Applications, Inc. (CSA), and Mini-Logger (ML) activity monitors that measure bodily acceleration in one or three planes, and a Yamax Digiwalker-500 (YX) that records footsteps, were secured at the waistline of each subject. CSA monitors were also worn at the wrist and ankle. Walking velocity and bodily movement were significantly related (r = 0.89 to 0.93) for TT, CSA, ML, and YX. Importantly, changing each walking velocity produced significant changes in bodily movement that was detected by each monitor. Bodily movement and IC-EE were significantly related for TT, CSA, ML, and YX (r = 0.47 to 0.94). Compared to IC-EE, and at all walking speeds, EE was significantly overestimated by the TT, and EE was significantly underestimated by the YX. These results indicate that the activity monitors can differentiate bodily movement associated with walking at slow speeds better than they can estimate energy expenditure associated with walking at slow speeds.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/303/CN-00546303/frame.html										
E. Leermakers, K. Anglin and R. Wing	1998	Reducing postpartum weight retention through a correspondence intervention		International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders			22		11	1103-9						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Reducing postpartum weight retention through a correspondence intervention								Pubmed 9822949						CN-00157098				OBJECTIVE: Since post-pregnancy weight retention may contribute to the development of obesity, we sought to determine whether a behavioral weight loss intervention was effective in returning women to their pre-pregnancy weight. METHOD: Ninety women who had given birth in the past 3-12 months and whose weight exceeded their pre-pregnancy weight by at least 6.8 kg were randomly assigned to either: a) a six-month behavioral weight loss intervention, delivered via correspondence or b) a no-treatment control group. Assessments of body weight, physical activity and eating patterns were conducted at pre-treatment and six months (post-treatment). RESULTS: During the six month treatment, subjects in the correspondence condition lost significantly more weight than control subjects (7.8 kg vs 4.9 kg, P = 0.03) and lost a greater percentage of their excess postpartum weight (79% vs 44%, P = 0.01). Furthermore, a significantly greater percentage of correspondence subjects than controls returned to their pre-pregnancy weight (33% vs 11.5%, P < 0.05). Weight loss in the correspondence group was correlated with completion of self-monitoring records (r = 0.50, P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: A behavioral weight loss intervention, delivered via correspondence, appears to be effective in reducing women's postpartum weight retention. Future studies should examine the acceptability and the long-term impact of a correspondence postpartum weight loss intervention.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/098/CN-00157098/frame.html										
N. K. Leidy and A. R. Knebel	1999	Clinical validation of the functional performance inventory in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease		Respiratory Care			44		8	932-939								Clinical validation of the functional performance inventory in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease		0020-1324												1999069877. Language: English. Entry Date: 19991001. Revision Date: 20091218. Publication Type: journal article				OBJECTIVE: Examine the clinical validity of the Functional Performance Inventory (FPI), a new functional outcome indicator for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: Subjects with COPD were recruited from an asthma and allergy clinic where they completed the FPI, Functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ), Duke Activity Status Index (DASI), pulmonary function tests (PFT) and 12-minute walk distance (12-MWD) test. Subjects wore a wrist actigraph to monitor physical movement over a 3-day mid-week period while they recorded their physical activities, activity difficulty, and symptoms (dyspnea, fatigue) using the NIH Activity Record (ACTRE). PATIENTS: Twenty-two patients (13 men, 9 women) participated in the study. Mean (+/- SD) age of the sample was 64 +/- 10 years; forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) = 1.0 +/- 0.46 L; percent of predicted FEV1 = 37.30% +/- 3.99%; and 12-MWD = 1683 +/- 872 ft. RESULTS: FPI total score correlated significantly (p h 0.05) with percent of predicted FEV1 (r = 0.55), 12-MWD (r = 0.52), diary data for dyspnea (r = - 0.59), fatigue (r = - 0.62) and difficulty with activity (r = - 0.71), and FSQ basic (r = 0.61) and intermediate (r = 0.70) activities of daily living. Correlations with the DASI (r = 0.43) and actigraph (r = 0.26) were moderate, but not statistically significant. The household maintenance subscale correlated (< 0.05) with all of the validation measures (r = 0.52 to 0.81), including the activity monitor (r = 0.52). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest the FPI is a valid instrument for evaluating subjective performance in COPD patients.	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Blind Peer Reviewed; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Online/Print; Peer Reviewed; USA. Instrumentation: National Institutes of Health (NIH) Activity Record (ACTRE); Duke Activity Status Index (DASI); FSQ Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Scale; Intermediate Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Scale; Functional Performance Inventory (FPI). Grant Information: Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Protocol Z01 NR00008-01 HRHI. No. of Refs: 46 ref. NLM UID: 7510357. Email: Leidy@MEDTAP.com.		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=1999069877&site=ehost-live		Center for Health Outcomes Research, MEDTAP International Inc, 7101 Wisconsin Ave., Suite 600, Bethesda, MD 20814						rzh	EBSCOhost	
J. Leitch, R. Newling, M. Basta, K. Inder, K. Dear and P. Fletcher	1997	Randomized trial of a hospital-based exercise training program after acute myocardial infarction: cardiac autonomic effects		Journal of the American College of Cardiology			29		6	1263-8						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Randomized trial of a hospital-based exercise training program after acute myocardial infarction: cardiac autonomic effects								Pubmed 9137222						CN-00139238				OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine whether a moderate intensity supervised exercise training program, performed immediately after an uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction, improves recovery in cardiac autonomic function compared with standard advice about activity at home. BACKGROUND: Exercise training has beneficial effects on cardiac autonomic function and may improve prognosis after acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: Thirty-nine male and 10 female patients, mean (+/-SE) age 57 +/- 1 years, with an uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction were randomized to either a 6-week moderate intensity supervised hospital-based exercise training program (exercise group) or to an unsupervised low intensity home walking program (control group). Outcome measures included changes in baroreflex sensitivity (phenylephrine bolus method) and heart rate variability (24-h Holter monitoring) and the endurance time at 85% of peak oxygen consumption. RESULTS: At baseline, there were no significant differences in left ventricular ejection fraction (57 +/- 2% vs. 53 +/- 2%), frequency of anterior infarction (27% vs. 18%) and peak creatine kinase (1,256 +/- 170 vs. 2,599 +/- 295 IU) between the exercise and control groups. Baroreflex sensitivity (10.5 +/- 1.0 vs. 8.4 +/- 1.2 ms/mm Hg) and time domain measures of heart rate variability were also similar. After completion of the program, the exercise group exercised for a median of 15 min (interquartile range 12 to 25) at a workload of 104 +/- 7 W compared with 7 min (interquartile range 3.5 to 12) at a workload of 89 +/- 8 W in the control group (p < 0.01). There were significant (p < 0.001) improvements in baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability for the 49 patients combined but no differences between the exercise and control groups. Baroreflex sensitivity improved by 3.4 +/- 1.0 and 1.7 +/- 1.0 ms/mm Hg and the standard deviation of 24-h RR intervals by 36 +/- 6 and 40 +/- 10 ms, respectively (p > 0.1). CONCLUSIONS: A hospital-based exercise training program increased endurance capacity but did not improve recovery of cardiovascular antonomic function after uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/238/CN-00139238/frame.html										
O. Lelieveld, W. Armbrust, J. Geertzen, I. Graaf, M. Leeuwen, P. Sauer, E. Weert and J. Bouma	2010	Promoting physical activity in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis through an internet-based program: results of a pilot randomized controlled trial		Arthritis care & research			62		5	697-703						Randomized Controlled Trial		Promoting physical activity in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis through an internet-based program: results of a pilot randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 20191468						CN-00750648				OBJECTIVE: Patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are less physically active than healthy peers. Therefore, we developed an Internet-based intervention to improve physical activity (PA). The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the program in improving PA. METHODS: PA was determined by activity-related energy expenditure, PA level, time spent on moderate to vigorous PA, and the number of days with > or =1 hour of moderate to vigorous activity, and was assessed with a 7-day activity diary. Aerobic exercise capacity was assessed by means of a Bruce treadmill test and was recorded as maximum endurance time. Disease activity was assessed by using the JIA core set. Adherence was electronically monitored. RESULTS: Of 59 patients, 33 eligible patients were included and randomized in an intervention (n = 17, mean +/- SD age 10.6 +/- 1.5 years) or control waiting-list group (n = 16, mean +/- SD age 10.8 +/- 1.4 years). All patients completed baseline and T1 testing. PA significantly improved in both groups. Maximum endurance time significantly improved in the intervention group but not in the control group. In a subgroup analysis for patients with low PA (intervention: n = 7, control: n = 5), PA improved in the intervention group but not in the control group. The intervention was safe, feasible, and showed a good adherence. CONCLUSION: An Internet-based program for children with JIA ages 8-12 years directed at promoting PA in daily life effectively improves PA in those patients with low PA levels. It is also able to improve endurance and it is safe, feasible, and has good adherence.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/648/CN-00750648/frame.html										
J. Lemaster, M. Mueller, G. Reiber, D. Mehr, R. Madsen and V. Conn	2008	Effect of weight-bearing activity on foot ulcer incidence in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: feet first randomized controlled trial		Physical therapy			88		11	1385-98						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effect of weight-bearing activity on foot ulcer incidence in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: feet first randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 18801859						CN-00665583				BACKGROUND: Weight-bearing exercise has been contraindicated among people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DM+PN). However, recent cohort studies have suggested that daily weight-bearing activity is associated with lower risk for foot ulceration. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a lower-extremity exercise and walking intervention program on weight-bearing activity and foot ulcer incidence in people with DM+PN. DESIGN: This was an observer-blinded, 12-month randomized controlled trial. SETTING: The settings were physical therapy offices in part 1 of the intervention and the community in part 2 of the intervention. PARTICIPANTS: The participants were 79 individuals with DM+PN who were randomly assigned either to a control group (n=38) or an intervention group (n=41) group. INTERVENTION: Intervention components included leg strengthening and balance exercises; a graduated, self-monitored walking program (part 1); and motivational telephone calls every 2 weeks (part 2). Both groups received diabetic foot care education, regular foot care, and 8 sessions with a physical therapist. MEASUREMENTS: Total and exercise bout-related daily steps at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months were measured by accelerometers. Foot lesions/ulcers were photographed and classified by an independent panel of dermatologists. Use of adequate footwear was monitored. RESULTS: At 6 months, bout-related daily steps increased 14% from baseline in the intervention group and decreased 6% from baseline in the control group. Although the groups did not differ statistically in the change in total daily steps, at 12 months steps had decreased by 13% in the control group. Foot ulcer rates did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSION: Promoting weight-bearing activity did not lead to significant increases in foot ulcers. Weight-bearing activity can be considered following adequate assessment and counseling of patients with DM+PN.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/583/CN-00665583/frame.html										
A. Lerner, S. Beqaj, R. Deeter and J. Fitzgerald	2007	Valacyclovir treatment in Epstein-Barr virus subset chronic fatigue syndrome: thirty-six months follow-up		In vivo (Athens, Greece)			21		5	707-13						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Valacyclovir treatment in Epstein-Barr virus subset chronic fatigue syndrome: thirty-six months follow-up								Pubmed 18019402						CN-00621056				BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that subset classification of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is required. At first, a blinded-random placebo-controlled trial of valacyclovir in EBV CFS subset was performed (Group 1), and this EBV subset was followed for thirty-six months (Group 2). Patients were given valacyclovir at 14.3 mg/kg every 6 hours. The validated Energy Index (EI) point score assessing physical functional capacity, Holter monitor, multigated (radionuclide) MUGA rest/stress ventriculographic examination, EBV serum IgM viral capsid antibodies (VCA), and EBV early antigen diffuse (EA) were followed. After six-months, Group 1 CFS patients receiving valacyclovir experienced an increased mean least square EI point score +1.12 units (122 kcal/day), while the placebo cohort increased +0.42 EI units (65 kcal/day). EI point scores at Group 2 increased progressively. Sinus tachycardias decreased and abnormal cardiac wall motion improved. Serum antibody titers to EBV VCA IgM decreased. Patients resumed normal activities.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/056/CN-00621056/frame.html										
B. Lestan, K. Walden, S. Schmaltz, J. Spychala and I. Fox	1994	beta-Hydroxybutyrate decreases adenosine triphosphate degradation products in human subjects		Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine			124		2	199-209						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		beta-Hydroxybutyrate decreases adenosine triphosphate degradation products in human subjects								Pubmed 8051483						CN-00103435				Many disease states decrease intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and elevate body fluid purine levels. The use of specific metabolic substrates may reverse this process. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that beta-hydroxybutyrate, a substrate for ATP synthesis, decreases body fluid purine levels during interventions that induce ATP degradation. Decreases in these purine levels are metabolic markers for diminished ATP degradation. Two human models for stimulating ATP degradation were used to test the hypothesis. Rapid fructose infusion causes acute degradation of hepatic ATP, and ischemic exercise stimulates ATP consumption in skeletal muscle. The activity of beta-hydroxybutyrate was used in combination with phosphate, another important substrate for ATP synthesis. The studies were performed during a low-phosphate state in 10 normal subjects and during a high-phosphate state in 7 normal subjects. Metabolic variables, such as serum or urinary phosphate level, blood beta-hydroxybutyrate level, blood acetoacetate level, plasma or urinary purine level, blood lactate level, and blood ammonia level, were monitored during the study. After ischemic exercise of the forearm muscle, beta-hydroxybutyrate decreased the level of plasma total purines, blood lactate, and blood ammonia during the low-phosphate state but not during the high-phosphate state. During fructose-induced hepatic ATP breakdown, beta-hydroxybutyrate decreased late phase plasma purine increases under low-phosphate conditions only and decreased urinary total and radiolabeled purine elevations under both phosphate conditions. These data indicate that the infusion of beta-hydroxybutyrate may alter the balance from ATP degradation toward ATP resynthesis in muscle and liver by providing an immediate source of fuel and reducing equivalents under under specific metabolic conditions. This activity in combination with other metabolic interventions may have therapeutic value by restoring ATP pools in ATP-depleted tissues.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/435/CN-00103435/frame.html										
W. Leung, T. Ashton, G. Kolt, G. Schofield, N. Garrett, N. Kerse and A. Patel	2012	Cost-effectiveness of pedometer-based versus time-based Green Prescriptions: the Healthy Steps Study		Australian journal of primary health			18		3	204-11						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Cost-effectiveness of pedometer-based versus time-based Green Prescriptions: the Healthy Steps Study								Pubmed 23069363						CN-00967241				This paper reports on the cost-effectiveness of pedometer-based versus time-based Green Prescriptions in improving physical activity and health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) in a randomised controlled trial of 330 low-active, community-based adults aged 65 years and over. Costs, measured in $NZ (NZ$1=A$0.83, December 2008), comprised public and private health care costs plus exercise-related personal expenditure. Based on intention-to-treat data at 12-month follow up, the pedometer group showed a greater increase in weekly leisure walking (50.6 versus 28.1min for the time-based group, adjusted means, P=0.03). There were no significant between-group differences in costs. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios, for the pedometer-based versus time-based Green Prescription, per 30min of weekly leisure walking and per quality-adjusted life year were, (i) when including only community care costs, $115 and $3105, (ii) when including only exercise and community care costs, $130 and $3500, and (iii) for all costs, -$185 and -$4999, respectively. The cost-effectiveness acceptability curves showed that the pedometer-based compared with the time-based Green Prescription was statistically cost-effective, for the above cost categories, at the following quality-adjusted life year thresholds: (i) $30000; (ii) $30500; and (iii) $16500. The additional program cost of converting one sedentary adult to an active state over a 12-month period was $667. The outcomes suggest the pedometer-based Green Prescription may be cost-effective in increasing physical activity and health-related quality of life over 12 months in previously low-active older adults.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/241/CN-00967241/frame.html										
B. Lewis, D. Williams, S. Dunsiger, C. Sciamanna, J. Whiteley, M. Napolitano, B. Bock, J. Jakicic, M. Getz and B. Marcus	2008	User attitudes towards physical activity websites in a randomized controlled trial		Preventive medicine			47		5	508-13						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		User attitudes towards physical activity websites in a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 18773915						CN-00684130				OBJECTIVE: To better understand the mixed findings regarding the efficacy of Internet-based physical activity interventions, we examined the use and usefulness of particular website components that may lead to improvements in intervention efficacy. METHOD: Participants were sedentary individuals from a 12-month randomized controlled physical activity trial conducted in Providence, Rhode Island and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania from 2003-2006. The present study included participants from the Tailored Internet arm (n=81; instantaneous web-based tailored feedback to participants) or the Standard Internet arm (n=82; websites currently available to the public). We obtained objective data via the intervention websites and subjective usefulness data via questionnaires. RESULTS: The Tailored Internet arm logged onto their website significantly more times than the Standard Internet arm (median 50 vs. 38; p<.05). Among participants in the Tailored Internet arm, the self-monitoring feature (i.e., logging) followed by goal setting were rated as the most useful website components. CONCLUSION: Logins in the current study were substantially higher compared to previous studies. Participants endorsed goal setting and self-monitoring as being most useful, which are critical components for health behavior change. Future studies should continue to examine these features and improve the perceived usefulness of other theory-based strategies.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/130/CN-00684130/frame.html										
F. Li, K. Fisher and P. Harmer	2005	Improving physical function and blood pressure in older adults through cobblestone mat walking: a randomized trial		Journal of the American Geriatrics Society			53		8	1305-12						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Improving physical function and blood pressure in older adults through cobblestone mat walking: a randomized trial								Pubmed 16078955						CN-00523654				OBJECTIVES: To determine the relative effects of cobblestone mat walking, in comparison with regular walking, on physical function and blood pressure in older adults. DESIGN: Randomized trial with allocation to cobblestone mat walking or conventional walking. SETTING: General community in Eugene, Oregon. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred eight physically inactive community-dwelling adults aged 60 to 92 (mean age+/-standard deviation=77.5+/-5.0) free of neurological and mobility-limiting orthopedic conditions. INTERVENTION: Participants were randomized to a cobblestone mat walking condition (n=54) or regular walking comparison condition (n=54) and participated in 60-minute group exercise sessions three times per week for 16 consecutive weeks. MEASUREMENTS: Primary endpoint measures were balance (functional reach, static standing), physical performance (chair stands, 50-foot walk, Up and Go), and blood pressure (systolic, diastolic). Secondary endpoint measures were Short Form-12 physical and mental health scores and perceptions of health-related benefits from exercise. RESULTS: At the 16-week posttest, differences between the two exercise groups were found for balance measures (P=.01), chair stands (P<.001), 50-foot walk (P=.01), and blood pressure (P=.01) but not for the Up and Go test (P=.14). Although significant within-group changes were observed in both groups for the secondary outcome measures, there were no differences between intervention groups. CONCLUSION: Cobblestone mat walking improved physical function and reduced blood pressure to a greater extent than conventional walking in older adults. Additional benefits of this walking program included improved health-related quality of life. This new physical activity may provide a therapeutic and health-enhancing exercise alternative for older adults.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/654/CN-00523654/frame.html										
R. Lieber, P. Silva and D. Daniel	1996	Equal effectiveness of electrical and volitional strength training for quadriceps femoris muscles after anterior cruciate ligament surgery		Journal of orthopaedic research			14		1	131-8						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Equal effectiveness of electrical and volitional strength training for quadriceps femoris muscles after anterior cruciate ligament surgery								Pubmed 8618155						CN-00123613				Neuromuscular electrical stimulation and voluntary muscle contraction are two exercise modes widely used in rehabilitation to strengthen skeletal muscle. Since there is no debate as to which mode is most effective, we compared electrical stimulation with voluntary contraction performed at matched intensities following reconstructive surgery of the anterior cruciate ligament. Forty men and women, aged 15-44, were randomly assigned to either an electrical stimulation or a voluntary contraction group. None of the subjects had a previous history of neuromuscular injury. The subjects received treatment for 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week, for 4 weeks. Knee extension torque was monitored during treatment to try to match the absolute muscular tensions (quantified as "activity") achieved during therapy. To match the activity of the subjects in the electrical stimulation group, who were treated at the highest stimulation intensity they could tolerate, the subjects in the voluntary contraction group were paced at progressively increasing intensities corresponding to 15, 25, 35, and 45% of the injured limb's maximum voluntary torque during weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. We found no significant difference between the groups in terms of maximum voluntary knee extension torque throughout the study period. In addition, 1 year after surgery, there was still no significant difference between groups with regard to knee extension torque (p > 0.4). These data suggest that neuromuscular electrical stimulation and voluntary muscle contraction treatments, when performed at the same intensity, are equally effective in strengthening skeletal muscle that has been weakened by surgical repair of the anterior cruciate ligament.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/613/CN-00123613/frame.html										
H. Lieberman, C. Falco and S. Slade	2002	Carbohydrate administration during a day of sustained aerobic activity improves vigilance, as assessed by a novel ambulatory monitoring device, and mood		American journal of clinical nutrition			76		1	120-7						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Carbohydrate administration during a day of sustained aerobic activity improves vigilance, as assessed by a novel ambulatory monitoring device, and mood								Pubmed 12081825						CN-00389776				BACKGROUND: The brain requires a continuous supply of glucose to function adequately. During aerobic exercise, peripheral glucose requirements increase and carbohydrate supplementation improves physical performance. The brain's utilization of glucose also increases during aerobic exercise. However, the effects of energy supplementation on cognitive function during sustained aerobic exercise are not well characterized. OBJECTIVE: The effects of energy supplementation, as liquid carbohydrate, on cognitive function during sustained aerobic activity were examined. DESIGN: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, between-subjects design was used. Young, healthy men (n = 143) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups. The groups received either a 6% (by vol) carbohydrate (35.1 kJ/kg), 12% (by vol) carbohydrate (70.2 kJ/kg), or placebo beverage in 6 isovolumic doses, and all groups consumed 2 meals (3200 kJ). Over the 10-h study, the subjects performed physically demanding tasks, including a 19.3-km road march and two 4.8-km runs, interspersed with rest and other activities. Wrist-worn vigilance monitors, which emitted auditory stimuli (20/h) to which the subjects responded as rapidly as possible, and a standardized self-report mood questionnaire were used to assess cognitive function. RESULTS: Vigilance consistently improved with supplemental carbohydrates in a dose-related manner; the 12% carbohydrate group performed the best and the placebo group the worst (P < 0.001). Mood-questionnaire results corroborated the results from the monitors; the subjects who received carbohydrates reported less confusion (P = 0.040) and greater vigor (P = 0.025) than did those who received the placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Supplemental carbohydrate beverages enhance vigilance and mood during sustained physical activity and interspersed rest. In addition, ambulatory monitoring devices can continuously assess the effects of nutritional factors on cognition as individuals conduct their daily activities or participate in experiments.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/776/CN-00389776/frame.html										
H. Lieberman, J. Wurtman and M. Teicher	1989	Aging, nutrient choice, activity, and behavioral responses to nutrients		Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences			561			196-208						Journal: Article		Aging, nutrient choice, activity, and behavioral responses to nutrients														CN-00381363				We directly measured nutrient consumption, activity patterns, and behavior in young volunteers and healthy elderly volunteers (N = 86) living in an identical environment. Compared to the young subjects, the elderly adults consumed fewer calories and less carbohydrate and fat, but not less protein, after adjustment for differences in body weight. Males of both ages consumed more protein than females after adjustment for body weight. All subjects snacked predominantly on carbohydrate-rich foods. The elderly subjects, however, consumed significantly fewer snacks than the young. Patterns of mood and activity also differed between age groups: the elderly volunteers were more active and alert than the young, especially early in the day, as measured by activity monitors and self-report questionnaires. We also examined the behavioral effects of high-protein and high-carbohydrate meals on these subjects because of the effects such meals can have on brain serotonin levels. The subjects ingested isocaloric carbohydrate- or protein-rich breakfasts and dinners and then participated in a series of behavioral tasks. Significant interactions between the type of meal consumed (protein versus carbohydrate) and the time at which they were ingested (breakfast versus dinner) were observed. A protein meal consumed at breakfast induced more fatigue and sleepiness than an isocaloric carbohydrate meal; this was reversed in the evening when a carbohydrate meal induced more fatigue. Elderly subjects were less sensitive to sleepiness induced by carbohydrate in the evening. Overall, the young and old adults exhibited significant differences in calorie and carbohydrate intakes and also mood and activity, even when they chose their foods from an identical selection of food items and followed the same basic daily routines while living in a controlled study environment.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/363/CN-00381363/frame.html										
I. Lim, E. Wegen, D. Jones, L. Rochester, A. Nieuwboer, A. Willems, K. Baker, V. Hetherington and G. Kwakkel	2010	Does cueing training improve physical activity in patients with Parkinson's disease?		Neurorehabilitation and neural repair			24		5	469-77						Clinical Trial; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Does cueing training improve physical activity in patients with Parkinson's disease?								Pubmed 20179328						CN-00762337				BACKGROUND: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are encouraged to stay active to maintain their mobility. Ambulatory activity monitoring (AM) provides an objective way to determine type and amount of gait-related daily activities. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of a home cueing training program on functional walking activity in PD. METHODS: In a single-blind, randomized crossover trial, PD patients allocated to early intervention received cueing training for 3 weeks, whereas the late intervention group received training in the following 3 weeks. Training was applied at home, using a prototype cueing device. AM was applied at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 weeks in the patient's home, to record body movements. Postures and motions were classified as percentage of total time spent on (a) static activity, further specified as % sitting and % standing, and (b) % dynamic activity, further specified as % walking, % walking periods exceeding 5 seconds (W>5s) and 10 seconds (W>10s). Random coefficient analysis was applied. RESULTS: A total of 153 patients participated in this trial. Significant improvements were found for dynamic activity (beta= 4.46; P < .01), static activity (beta=-3.34; P < .01), walking (beta= 4.23; P < .01), W>5s (beta = 2.63; P < .05), and W>10s (beta = 2.90; P < .01). All intervention effects declined significantly at 6 weeks follow-up. CONCLUSION: Cueing training in PD patients' own home significantly improves the amount of walking as recorded by AM. Treatment effects reduced after the intervention period, pointing to the need for permanent cueing devices and follow-up cueing training.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/337/CN-00762337/frame.html										
R. Lin, A. Nahal, M. Lee and H. Menikoff	2000	Changes in nasal leukocytes and epithelial cells associated with topical beclomethasone treatment		Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology			84		6	618-22						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Changes in nasal leukocytes and epithelial cells associated with topical beclomethasone treatment								Pubmed 10875491						CN-00297848				BACKGROUND: We had previously observed that changes in nasal cytology were associated with specific clinical patterns in cross-sectional studies of allergy clinic patients. In the present study, we sought to determine whether specific cytologic changes occurred with antiinflammatory therapy in a controlled setting in a prospective manner. OBJECTIVE: To examine changes in nasal leukocytes and epithelial cells associated with topical beclomethasone treatment in allergic rhinitis patients. Specifically we tested the hypothesis that number of nasal leukocytes relative to epithelial cell numbers are altered by topical beclomethasone treatment. METHODS: Adult volunteers (n=26) with symptoms consistent with allergic rhinitis and positive aeroallergen skin tests were enrolled for treatment with either beclomethasone or placebo nasal spray. Sprays were allocated in a double-blind manner and were prescribed to be administered over a 2-week period. Baseline quality of life, nasal cytograms, and mucosal physical appearance scores were obtained at baseline and at the end of the treatment period. Changes in various nasal leukocytes and epithelial cell types were analyzed for association with active treatment using bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Total leukocytes showed greater decreases with beclomethasone treatment than with placebo. Total epithelial cells on the other hand showed an increase with active treatment compared with placebo treatment. In multivariate analysis, the changes in both total leukocytes and total epithelial cells showed independent associations with beclomethasone treatment. Combining these two variables into a single leukocyte per epithelial ratio resulted in variable with values showing a significant decreases associated with beclomethasone treatment compared with placebo treatment (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: The administration of topical corticosteroids results in decreases in total leukocytes and this decrease is of enhanced significance when adjusted for the quantities of associated epithelial cells. Further investigation relating to the quantities of total nasal leukocytes in inflammatory nasal diseases may be helpful in gauging disease activity and monitoring treatment modalities.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/848/CN-00297848/frame.html										
W. Lin, S. Yuan, J. Chien, S. Weng, M. Chou and H. Kuo	2012	The effects of respiratory training for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a randomised clinical trial		Journal of clinical nursing			21		19-20	2870-8						Randomized Controlled Trial		The effects of respiratory training for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a randomised clinical trial								Pubmed 22672732						CN-00841101				AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of respiratory training on lung function, activity tolerance and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BACKGROUND: For patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary rehabilitation can increase activity tolerance and improve their psychological state by relieving dyspnoea and promoting their quality of life. DESIGN: A randomised clinical trial was conducted in a local hospital. METHODS: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were randomly assigned to intervention (n=20) and control groups (n=20). Spirometry, six-minute walking distance and quality of life were used to assess the efficacy of respiratory training programme. RESULTS: Significant improvement in lung function, including forced vital capacity (p=0.037), forced expiratory volume in one-second (p=0.006) and per cent predicted forced expiratory volume in one-second (p=0.008) in the intervention group. Regarding efficacy of the training programme for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in forced expiratory volume in one-second (p=0.024) and per cent predicted forced expiratory volume in one-second (p=0.035), six-minute walking distance significantly increased. In addition, there were significant improvements for symptoms (p=0.018), impact (p<0.001) and total quality of life scores (p<0.001), as well as significantly decreased body mass, airflow obstruction, dyspnoea and exercise capacity index (p=0.004) in the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS: A respiratory training programme for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was found to relieve dyspnoea, maintain lung function, increase activity tolerance and improve quality of life. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Respiratory training programme can be used as a routine rehabilitation protocol for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and can be used by nurses as a reference to monitor chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients' health status.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/101/CN-00841101/frame.html										
C. Linde-Edelstam, R. Nordlander, S. Pehrsson and L. Rydén	1992	A double-blind study of submaximal exercise tolerance and variation in paced rate in atrial synchronous compared to activity sensor modulated ventricular pacing		Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE			15		6	905-15						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		A double-blind study of submaximal exercise tolerance and variation in paced rate in atrial synchronous compared to activity sensor modulated ventricular pacing								Pubmed 1376903						CN-00084947				To assess the variation in paced rate during everyday activity and the importance of atrioventricular synchronization (AV synchrony) for submaximal exercise tolerance, atrial synchronous (DDD) and activity rate modulated ventricular (VVI,R) pacing were compared in 17 patients with high degree AV block. The patients were randomly assigned to either mode and evaluated by treadmill exercise to moderate exertion and by 24-hour Holter monitoring after 2 months in the DDD and VVI,R modes, respectively. At the end of the study, the patients were programmed to the pacing mode corresponding to the preferred study period. During the treadmill test, the mean exercise time to submaximal exertion (Borg 5/10), exertion ratings and respiratory rate did not differ between pacing modes despite a significantly lower ventricular rate in the VVI,R mode. The atrial rate during VVI,R pacing was significantly higher than the ventricular rate, but did not differ from the ventricular rate during DDD pacing. There was a diurnal variation in paced rate in both pacing modes. Paced ventricular rate was, however, higher and variation in paced rate greater in DDD compared to VVI,R pacing. Nine patients preferred the DDD mode, three patients preferred the VVI,R mode, while five subjects did not express any preference. The results from this study indicate that the variation in paced rate during activity sensor-driven VVI,R pacing does not match that during DDD pacing neither during everyday activities nor during submaximal treadmill exercise. Nevertheless, no differences in exercise time, Borg ratings, and respiratory rate during submaximal exercise were found. Thus, for most patients with high degree AV block, DDD and VVI,R pacing seem equally satisfactory for submaximal exercise.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/947/CN-00084947/frame.html										
U. Lindemann, M. Jamour, S. E. Nicolai, P. Benzinger, J. Klenk, K. Aminian and C. Becker	2012	Physical activity of moderately impaired elderly stroke patients during rehabilitation		Physiological Measurement			33		11	1923-30					Nov	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Physical activity of moderately impaired elderly stroke patients during rehabilitation	Physiol Meas	1361-6579												23111341				In older adults, physical activity (PA) is promoted for public health preventive effort. It is also a major target in the rehabilitation process. Existing assessment tools in the clinical routine do not include any aspects of PA or participation and are often prone to floor or ceiling effects. The aim of this study was to document the process of rehabilitation by activity monitoring without floor or ceiling effects. Ninety-two stroke patients of a geriatric rehabilitation unit (mean age 82 years, +6.21 years, 61% women) were included in an observational study to assess physical capacity (balance, chair rise, gait speed) and PA at admission and two weeks thereafter. PA was measured through an ambulatory activity monitor based on accelerometers and gyroscopes and showed no floor or ceiling effects. Floor effects were however documented for measures of physical capacity (admission 5-11%; follow-up 2-9%) and ceiling effects were registered for the balance test (admission 17.4%; follow-up 22.8%). Improvements were documented for measures of physical capacity as well as for PA (all p < 0.001). We conclude that the assessment of PA by activity monitoring is a valuable measure to document objectively the process of rehabilitation without floor or ceiling effects.	Lindemann, U
Jamour, M
Nicolai, S E
Benzinger, P
Klenk, J
Aminian, K
Becker, C		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23111341http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23111341&id=doi:10.1088%2F0967-3334%2F33%2F11%2F1923&issn=0967-3334&volume=33&issue=11&spage=1923&pages=1923-30&date=2012&title=Physiological+Measurement&atitle=Physical+activity+of+moderately+impaired+elderly+stroke+patients+during+rehabilitation.&aulast=Lindemann&pid=%3Cauthor%3ELindemann+U%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23111341%3C%2FAN%3E		Clinic of Geriatric Rehabilitation, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany. ulrich.lindemann@rbk.de						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. Linder, A. Rosenfeldt, A. Reiss, S. Buchanan, K. Sahu, C. Bay, S. Wolf and J. Alberts	2013	The home stroke rehabilitation and monitoring system trial: a randomized controlled trial		International journal of stroke			8		1	46-53						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		The home stroke rehabilitation and monitoring system trial: a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 23280269						CN-00863112				RATIONALE: Because many individuals poststroke lack access to the quality and intensity of rehabilitation to improve upper extremity motor function, a home-based robotic-assisted upper extremity rehabilitation device is being paired with an individualized home exercise program. AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The primary aim of this project is to determine the effectiveness of robotic-assisted home therapy compared with a home exercise program on upper extremity motor recovery and health-related quality of life for stroke survivors in rural and underserved locations. The secondary aim is to explore whether initial degree of motor function of the upper limb may be a factor in predicting the extent to which patients with stroke may be responsive to a home therapy approach. We hypothesize that the home exercise program intervention, when enhanced with robotic-assisted therapy, will result in significantly better outcomes in motor function and quality of life. DESIGN: A total of 96 participants within six-months of a single, unilateral ischemic, or hemorrhagic stroke will be recruited in this prospective, single-blind, multisite randomized clinical trial. STUDY OUTCOMES: The primary outcome is the change in upper extremity function using the Action Research Arm Test. Secondary outcomes include changes in: upper extremity function (Wolf Motor Function Test), upper extremity impairment (upper extremity portion of the Fugl-Meyer Test), self-reported quality of life (Stroke Impact Scale), and affect (Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale). DISCUSSION: Similar or greater improvements in upper extremity function using the combined robotic home exercise program intervention compared with home exercise program alone will be interpreted as evidence that supports the introduction of in-home technology to augment the recovery of function poststroke.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/112/CN-00863112/frame.html										
A. L. Liu, Y. P. Li, J. Song, H. Pan, X. M. Han and G. S. Ma	2005	[Study on the validation of the computer science application's activity monitor in assessing the physical activity among adults using doubly labeled water method]		Chung-Hua Liu Hsing Ping Hsueh Tsa Chih Chinese Journal of Epidemiology			26		3	197-200					Mar			[Study on the validation of the computer science application's activity monitor in assessing the physical activity among adults using doubly labeled water method]	Chung Hua Liu Hsing Ping Hsueh Tsa Chih	0254-6450												15941509				OBJECTIVE: Using doubly labeled water method to validate the colmputer science application's activity monitor (CSA) in assessing physical activity of free-living adults in Beijing, in order to develop equations to predict total daily energy expenditure (TEE) and activity related energy expenditure (AEE) from activity counts (AC) and anthropometric variables.
METHODS: A total of 72 healthy adults (33 males and 39 females, mean age 43.6 +/- 4.0 yr) were monitored for 7 consecutive days by CSA. TEE was simultaneously measured using doubly labeled water method. Average AC (counts/min(-1)) was compared with TEE, AEE and physical activity level (PAL).
RESULTS: Physical activity determined by AC was significantly related to data on energy expenditures: TEE (r = 0.31, P < 0.01), AEE (r = 0.30, P < 0.05), and PAL (r = 0.26, P < 0.05). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that TEE was significantly influenced by gender, fat-free mass (FFM) or BMI and AC (R(2) = 0.52 - 0.70) while AEE was significantly influenced by gender, FFM and AC (R(2) = 0.25 - 0.32).
CONCLUSION: AC from CSA activity monitor seemed a useful measure in studying the total amount of physical activity in free-living adults while AC significantly contributed to the explained variation in TEE and AEE.	Liu, Ai-ling
Li, Yan-ping
Song, Jun
Pan, Hui
Han, Xiu-ming
Ma, Guan-sheng
Chinese		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15941509http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:15941509&id=doi:&issn=0254-6450&volume=26&issue=3&spage=197&pages=197-200&date=2005&title=Chung-Hua+Liu+Hsing+Ping+Hsueh+Tsa+Chih+Chinese+Journal+of+Epidemiology&atitle=%5BStudy+on+the+validation+of+the+computer+science+application%27s+activity+monitor+in+assessing+the+physical+activity+among+adults+using+doubly+labeled+water+method%5D.&aulast=Liu&pid=%3Cauthor%3ELiu+AL%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E15941509%3C%2FAN%3E		Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	Chinese

Q.-G. Liu, A.-L. Dai, H.-Q. He, Z.-X. Li, K. Yang and M.-H. Huang	2005	Characteristics of improved needle-scalpel therapy versus conventional therapy for lumbar disc herniation. [Chinese]		Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation			9		26	15-7						Journal: Article		Characteristics of improved needle-scalpel therapy versus conventional therapy for lumbar disc herniation. [Chinese]														CN-00557499				Aim: To investigate lumbar disc herniation (LDH) treated by improved needle-scalpel therapy superior to conventional therapy, and evaluate the improvement rate of patients' function one year after operation. Methods: From February 1998 to February 2004, 338 inpatients with LDH wee selected from Medical Division of Yongzhou Vocational Technology College, and were randomly divided into improved therapy group (n= 168) and conventional therapy group(n=170). 1 Patients in the improved therapy group were released based on the improved methods: Pain spot was found and located in interspace of spine; Thumb tip of left hand pressed on the pain spot exactly, auxiliary by number 4 small needle-scalpel in the vertical position with right hand. The needle-scalpel incised into skin, subcutaneous tissue, supraspinal ligament and the center of interspinal ligaments sequentially till reaching the painful induration; Then, the tissue was incised longitudinally and transversely twice or three times, and the needle-scalpel was taken out when the tissue was loosened; Finally, the incised hole by needle-scalpel was pressed mildly by a piece of sterile carbasus, and the wound was sterilized and stick with a piece of wound plaster(external application). Three to five minutes later, the patients could walk out of bed. The same therapy was performed every 4 to 7 days if necessary. 2 Patients in the conventional therapy group received conventional release: Pelvic traction was conducted for 10 minutes in the prone position, then the needle-scalpel therapy was used to release and strip nerve roots in adhesive interspace of spine, intertransverse ligaments, intertransverse muscle and intervertebral foramen; Leg-raising restoration was carried out successively after operation for 15 to 20 times, and patients rested in bed for 2 weeks. All the patients were followed up for 1 year. Evaluation methods: 1 Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score was performed before treatment, 2 weeks after treatment and 1 year after cure. The 29-mark method was adopted, including spontaneous symptoms(a total of 9 marks: lumbag, lower limb pain or numbness, and walking ability account for 2 marks respectively), physical signs(a total of 6 marks, straight-leg raising test, sensory disturbance, decreased muscle strength account for 2 marks respectively), ability of daily life(a total of 14 marks, limitation of turning body over, difficulty in washing and brushing, limitation of waist-bending, irretentive sitting for 1 hour, unable to holding weights, limitation of walking account for 2 marks respectively); 2 Evaluation of improvement rate was calculated according to the improvement rate =(postoperative marks-preoperative marks/29-preoperative marks)x100%, based on 75% to 100% as be excellent, 50% to 74% as be good, 25% to 49% as be fair, and 0% to 24% as be poor. 3 The comparison between the two therapies were in terms of cutting points of needle-scalpel, whether incising into intervertebral foramen, position of release, time of release, intra-operative painful feeling, assistant treatment, operational risks and postoperative complications. Results: Totally 167 patients in the improved therapy group and 170 patients in the conventional therapy group were analyzed in the result after all the patients were followed up. 1 The postoperative results compared between the two groups by JOA scoring: The JOA scores were both increased in the two groups 2 weeks after operation and 1-year follow-up, but there was insignificant difference between them(both P > 0.05). 2 The improvement rate was insignificantly different between the improved and conventional therapy groups(96.4% vs 96.5%, P > 0.05). 3 In the comparison of operational manners: The patients were not found with complications in either group, however, the improved therapy was superior to the conventional therapy in simplifying therapeutic procedure, decreasing cutting spots of needle-scalpel and parts of release, shortening release time, evading operational risks, relieving operation-induced painful feeling and so on Conclusion: The improved needle-scalpel therapy was similar to the conventional one in terms of improving spontaneous symptoms, physical signs, ability of daily life of patients with LDH, but the former one is more simplified, safer and results in less pain as compared with the latter one.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/499/CN-00557499/frame.html										
M. Lloyd, A. Burghardt, D. Ulrich and R. Angulo-Barroso	2010	Physical activity and walking onset in infants with Down syndrome		Adapted physical activity quarterly			27		1	1-16						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Physical activity and walking onset in infants with Down syndrome								Pubmed 20147766						CN-00741876				Infants with Down syndrome (DS) are described as being less active and they also experience significant delays in motor development. It is hypothesized that early infant physical activity may be influential for the acquisition of independent walking. Physical activity was monitored longitudinally in 30 infants with DS starting at an average age of 10 months participating in a treadmill training intervention. Actiwatches were placed on infants' trunk and right ankle for a 24-hr period, every other month until walking onset. Data were analyzed to separate sedentary-to-light activity (low-act) and moderate-to-vigorous activity (high-act). Results showed that more leg high-act at an average age of 12 and 14 months is related to earlier onset of walking. It is recommended that early leg activity should be promoted in infants with DS.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/876/CN-00741876/frame.html										
A. Lluch, P. Hubert, N. King and J. Blundell	2000	Selective effects of acute exercise and breakfast interventions on mood and motivation to eat		Physiology & behavior			68		4	515-20						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial;		Selective effects of acute exercise and breakfast interventions on mood and motivation to eat								Pubmed 10713292						CN-00371908				The effects of exercise and breakfast manipulations on mood and motivation to eat were assessed in 11 healthy females who were regular exercisers and habitual breakfast eaters. The study involved a two by two repeated-measures design, with exercise (or no exercise) and a high-energy breakfast (or low-energy breakfast) as the repeated measures. The exercise or no-exercise session (0800 h) was followed by consumption of the low- or high-energy breakfast (0900 h). An ad libitum lunch test meal was provided 4 hours after the beginning of the exercise session (1200 h). Mood and motivation to eat were continuously tracked from 0800 until 1700 h by an electronic appetite ratings system (EARS). In general, morning subjective mood states (e.g., contentment) were significantly lower in the low-energy breakfast condition, but exercise reversed this effect. Exercise also significantly decreased feelings of lethargy, independent of the breakfast condition. Desire-to-eat and fullness ratings were significantly increased in the low-energy breakfast and high-energy breakfast conditions, respectively. Impairments of mood disappeared in the afternoon after consumption of an ad libitum lunch. In these healthy young adults, the condition inducing the largest energy deficit (exercise and low-energy breakfast) was not associated with the lowest mental states.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/908/CN-00371908/frame.html										
A. Lluch, N. King and J. Blundell	1998	Exercise in dietary restrained women: No effect on energy intake but change in hedonic ratings		European journal of clinical nutrition			52		4	300-7								Exercise in dietary restrained women: No effect on energy intake but change in hedonic ratings														CN-00214229				OBJECTIVES: To investigate the short-term effects (one day) of exercise and diet composition on appetite control in restrained females. DESIGN: 2x2 repeated measures design, with exercise and lunch type used as the repeated factors. SETTING: The Human Appetite Research Unit at Leeds University Psychology Department. SUBJECTS: Twelve dietary restrained females, normal weight and regular exercisers INTERVENTIONS: A control (rest) and a bout of high intensity exercise (cycling 50 min., 70% VO2 max.) was followed by a free-selection lunch comprising high-fat (HF) or low-fat (LF) foods. Hunger and heart rate profiles were tracked. Energy Intake (EI) was monitored in the laboratory throughout the day. Post-meal hedonic ratings were completed after lunch and dinner. RESULTS: There was a significant effect of lunch type (HF vs LF) on EI following exercise and rest (P < 0.001) and on total 24 h EI (P < 0.05): EI increased during both HF conditions compared to the LF. A main effect of exercise on tastiness and pleasantness (P < 0.05) of the LF foods served at lunch was found. However, there was no effect of exercise on hunger, weight or energy value of food eaten. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise raises the perceived pleasantness of foods in dietary restrained women, but does not increase the drive to eat within 8 h of the cessation of exercise. The combination of physical activity and a low-fat diet could be used advantageously to control appetite, prevent overconsumption and protect against the development of obesity.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/229/CN-00214229/frame.html										
C. Lombard, A. Deeks, K. Ball, D. Jolley and H. Teede	2009	Weight, physical activity and dietary behavior change in young mothers: short term results of the HeLP-her cluster randomized controlled trial		Nutrition journal			8			17						Randomized Controlled Trial		Weight, physical activity and dietary behavior change in young mothers: short term results of the HeLP-her cluster randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 19409085						CN-00705929				BACKGROUND: Preventing weight gain rather than treating established obesity is an important economic and public health response to the rapidly increasing rates of obesity worldwide. Treatment of established obesity is complex and costly requiring multiple resources. Preventing weight gain potentially requires fewer resources to reach broad population groups, yet there is little evidence for successful interventions to prevent weight gain in the community. Women with children are an important target group because of high rates of weight gain and the potential to influence the health behaviors in family members. METHODS: The aim of this cluster randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the short term effect of a community-based self-management intervention to prevent weight gain. Two hundred and fifty mothers of young children (mean age 40 years +/- 4.5, BMI 27.9 kg/m2 +/- 5.6) were recruited from the community in Melbourne, Australia. The intervention group (n = 127) attended four interactive group sessions over 4 months, held in 12 local primary schools in 2006, and was compared to a group (n = 123) receiving a single, non-interactive, health education session. Data collection included self-reported weight (both groups), measured weight (intervention only), self-efficacy, dietary intake and physical activity. RESULTS: Mean measured weight decreased significantly in the intervention group (-0.78 kg 95% CI; -1.22 to -0.34, p < 0.001). Comparing groups using self-reported weight, both the intervention and comparison groups decreased weight, -0.75 kg (95% CI; -1.57 to 0.07, p = 0.07) and -0.72 kg (95% CI; -1.59 to 0.14 p = 0.10) respectively with no significant difference between groups (-0.03 kg, 95% CI; -1.32 to 1.26, p = 0.95). More women lost or maintained weight in the intervention group. The intervention group tended to have the greatest effect in those who were overweight at baseline and in those who weighed themselves regularly. Intervention women who rarely self-weighed gained weight (+0.07 kg) and regular self-weighers lost weight (-1.66 kg) a difference of -1.73 kg (95% CI; -3.35 to -0.11 p = 0.04). The intervention reported increased physical activity although the difference between groups did not reach significance. Both groups reported replacing high fat foods with low fat alternatives and self-efficacy deteriorated in the comparison group only. CONCLUSION: Both a single health education session and interactive behavioral intervention will result in a similar weight loss in the short term, although more participants in the interactive intervention lost or maintained weight. There were small non-significant changes to physical activity and changes to fat intake specifically replacing high fat foods with low fat alternatives such as fruit and vegetables. Self-monitoring appears to enhance weight loss when part of an intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ACTRN12608000110381.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/929/CN-00705929/frame.html										
D. E. Long, L. M. Gaetke, S. D. Perry, M. G. Abel and J. L. Clasey	2010	The assessment of physical activity and nutrition in home schooled versus public schooled children		Pediatric Exercise Science			22		1	44-59					Feb	Comparative Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The assessment of physical activity and nutrition in home schooled versus public schooled children	Pediatr Exerc Sci	0899-8493												20332539				The purpose of this study was to descriptively compare the physical activity and dietary intake of public school (PSC) versus home schooled children (HSC). Potential parental and home influences were also examined. Thirty six matched pairs of public school-home school children aged 7-11 years participated in this study. Each participant wore an activity monitor and recorded their dietary intake concurrently for seven consecutive days. PSC had significantly more total and weekday steps, and spent more time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity compared with HSC. There were no differences in dietary intake between the two groups. These results suggest differences in physical activity between PSC and HSC and encourage further study of public and home school environments, in relation to the obesity epidemic.	Long, Douglas E
Gaetke, Lisa M
Perry, Stephen D
Abel, Mark G
Clasey, Jody L		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=20332539http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:20332539&id=doi:&issn=0899-8493&volume=22&issue=1&spage=44&pages=44-59&date=2010&title=Pediatric+Exercise+Science&atitle=The+assessment+of+physical+activity+and+nutrition+in+home+schooled+versus+public+schooled+children.&aulast=Long&pid=%3Cauthor%3ELong+DE%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E20332539%3C%2FAN%3E		Dept. of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0219, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. López-Fontana, A. Sánchez-Villegas, M. Martínez-Gonzalez and J. Martinez	2009	Daily physical activity and macronutrient distribution of low-calorie diets jointly affect body fat reduction in obese women		Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquée, nutrition et métabolisme			34		4	595-602						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Daily physical activity and macronutrient distribution of low-calorie diets jointly affect body fat reduction in obese women								Pubmed 19767793						CN-00722007				Inadequate dietary patterns and sedentary lifestyles are believed to be important factors in predisposing people to obesity. This study analyzed the potential interaction between habitual physical activity and the carbohydrate (CHO)-fat distribution in 2 hypocaloric diets and the impact of such interplay on body composition changes. Forty healthy obese women, 20-50 years old, were randomly assigned to a high- or low-CHO energy-restricted diet, which was low or high in fat, respectively, during 10 weeks. Baseline and final measurements were performed to assess dietary habits, resting metabolic rate, and body composition changes. Physical activity was measured with a triaxial accelerometer and with a questionnaire. There were no significant differences in anthropometric and metabolic variables between both dietary groups at baseline. However, there was a positive correlation between total free-living physical activity and arm muscle preservation after 10 weeks (r = 0.371; p = 0.024). Interestingly, an interaction between macronutrient (CHO-fat distribution) intake and physical activity was found, since less-active subjects with a high-CHO-low-fat diet showed a greater fat loss than those more active with a lower-CHO-high-fat diet, whereas more-active subjects with a high-CHO-low-fat diet showed a smaller fat loss than those receiving a low-CHO-high-fat diet. Physical activity and the macronutrient content of energy-restricted diets, when designed to promote body fat mass reduction, should be considered together to better predict the outcome.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/007/CN-00722007/frame.html										
V. Loria-Kohen, C. Gomez-Candela, C. Fernandez-Fernandez, A. Perez-Torres, J. Garcia-Puig and L. Bermejo	2012	Evaluation of the usefulness of a low-calorie diet with or without bread in the treatment of overweight/obesity		Clinical Nutrition			31		4	455-461								Evaluation of the usefulness of a low-calorie diet with or without bread in the treatment of overweight/obesity														CN-00903707				Background & aims: Despite the lack of scientific evidence, bread is one of the most restricted foods in popular hypocaloric diets. The aim of this study was to compare two nutrition strategies (with or without bread) designed to promote weight loss in overweight/obese women. Methods: A clinical, prospective and randomised study in which 122 women >18 years, BMI >= 25 < 40 kg/m<sup>2</sup> were divided into two groups: intervention group (BREAD, n = 61) and control group (NO BREAD, n = 61). Both groups received a low-calorie diet (with or without bread), nutrition education and physical activity guidelines, and were monitored for 16 weeks. Results: 104 women completed the study (48.4 +/- 9 years, 29.8 +/- 3.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). Anthropometric and biochemical markers improved after the intervention without significant differences between groups. BREAD group significantly increased total cereal consumption (3.2 +/- 1.3 to 3.7 +/- 0.5 servings/day, P < 0.05) and the percentage of energy from carbohydrates (41.2 +/- 6.4 vs. 45.9 +/- 5.0% P < 0.001) and reduced fat (39.0 +/- 6.6 vs. 32.7 +/- 5.1% P < 0.001). In contrast, NO BREAD group increased the discrepancy with recommended consumption. NO BREAD group had the most dropouts (21.3% vs. 6.6%, P < 0.05). Conclusion: The bread inclusion in a low-calorie diet designed for weight loss favoured a better evolution of dietetic parameters and greater compliance with the diet with fewer dropouts. Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT01223989. 2011 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/707/CN-00903707/frame.html										
V. Loria-Kohen, C. Gómez-Candela, C. Fernández-Fernández, A. Pérez-Torres, J. García-Puig and L. Bermejo	2012	Evaluation of the usefulness of a low-calorie diet with or without bread in the treatment of overweight/obesity		Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)			31		4	455-61						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Evaluation of the usefulness of a low-calorie diet with or without bread in the treatment of overweight/obesity								Pubmed 22209501						CN-00971046				BACKGROUND & AIMS: Despite the lack of scientific evidence, bread is one of the most restricted foods in popular hypocaloric diets. The aim of this study was to compare two nutrition strategies (with or without bread) designed to promote weight loss in overweight/obese women. METHODS: A clinical, prospective and randomised study in which 122 women >18 years, BMI ? 25 < 40 kg/m(2) were divided into two groups: intervention group (BREAD, n = 61) and control group (NO BREAD, n = 61). Both groups received a low-calorie diet (with or without bread), nutrition education and physical activity guidelines, and were monitored for 16 weeks. RESULTS: 104 women completed the study (48.4 ± 9 years, 29.8 ± 3.5 kg/m(2)). Anthropometric and biochemical markers improved after the intervention without significant differences between groups. BREAD group significantly increased total cereal consumption (3.2 ± 1.3 to 3.7 ± 0.5 servings/day, P < 0.05) and the percentage of energy from carbohydrates (41.2 ± 6.4 vs. 45.9 ± 5.0% P < 0.001) and reduced fat (39.0 ± 6.6 vs. 32.7 ± 5.1% P < 0.001). In contrast, NO BREAD group increased the discrepancy with recommended consumption. NO BREAD group had the most dropouts (21.3% vs. 6.6%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The bread inclusion in a low-calorie diet designed for weight loss favoured a better evolution of dietetic parameters and greater compliance with the diet with fewer dropouts. Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT01223989.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/046/CN-00971046/frame.html										
R. Loving, D. Kripke, J. Elliott, N. Knickerbocker and M. Grandner	2005	Bright light treatment of depression for older adults [ISRCTN55452501]		BMC psychiatry			5			41						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Bright light treatment of depression for older adults [ISRCTN55452501]								Pubmed 16283925						CN-00561473				BACKGROUND: The incidence of insomnia and depression in the elder population is significant. It is hoped that use of light treatment for this group could provide safe, economic, and effective rapid recovery. METHODS: In this home-based trial we treated depressed elderly subjects with bright white (8,500 Lux) and dim red (<10 Lux) light for one hour a day at three different times (morning, mid-wake and evening). A placebo response washout was used for the first week. Wake treatment was conducted prior to the initiation of treatment, to explore antidepressant response and the interaction with light treatment. Urine and saliva samples were collected during a 24-hour period both before and after treatment and assayed for aMT6s and melatonin respectively to observe any change in circadian timing. Subjects wore a wrist monitor to record light exposure and wrist activity. Daily log sheets and weekly mood (GDS) and physical symptom (SAFTEE) scales were administered. Each subject was given a SCID interview and each completed a mood questionnaire (SIGH-SAD-SR) before and after treatment. Also, Hamilton Depression Rating (SIGH-SAD version) interviews were conducted by a researcher who was blind to the treatment condition. A control group of healthy, age-matched, volunteers was studied for one day to obtain baseline data for comparison of actigraphy and hormone levels. RESULTS: Eighty-one volunteers, between 60 and 79 years old, completed the study. Both treatment and placebo groups experienced mood improvement. Average GDS scores improved 5 points, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) 17 scores (extracted from the self-rated SIGH-SAD-SR) improved 6 points. There were no significant treatment effects or time-by-treatment interactions. No significant adverse reactions were observed in either treatment group. The assays of urine and saliva showed no significant differences between the treatment and placebo groups. The healthy control group was active earlier and slept earlier but received less light than the depressed group at baseline. CONCLUSION: Antidepressant response to bright light treatment in this age group was not statistically superior to placebo. Both treatment and placebo groups experienced a clinically significant overall improvement of 16%.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/473/CN-00561473/frame.html										
D. Lubans, P. Morgan, R. Callister and C. Collins	2009	Effects of integrating pedometers, parental materials, and E-mail support within an extracurricular school sport intervention		Journal of adolescent health			44		2	176-83						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of integrating pedometers, parental materials, and E-mail support within an extracurricular school sport intervention								Pubmed 19167667						CN-00682445				PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a school-based intervention (Program X) incorporating pedometers and e-mail support on physical activity, sedentary behavior, and healthy eating in adolescents. METHODS: A randomized control trial was used to evaluate the impact of the Program X intervention. Six schools (N = 124 participants; mean age 14.1 +/- .8 years) were randomized to intervention or control conditions for the 6-month study period. Objectively recorded physical activity (mean steps/day), self-reported sedentary behavior, and dietary habits were measured at baseline and at 6-month follow-up and intervention effects were assessed using repeated-measures analysis of variance and chi(2) tests. RESULTS: Participants in the intervention group increased their step counts by 956 +/- 4107 steps/day (boys) and 999 +/- 1999 (girls). Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed significant group-by-time interactions for boys (F = 7.4, p = .01, d = .80) and girls (F = 29.6, p <.001, d = 1.27) for mean steps/day. The intervention significantly decreased the number of energy-dense/low-nutrient snacks consumed by boys (chi(2) = 4.0, p = .043) and increased the number of fruit serves among girls (chi(2) = 4.8, p = .028). The intervention did not have a statistically significant effect on sedentary behavior. CONCLUSION: A school-based intervention incorporating physical activity monitoring using pedometers and e-mail support was successful in promoting physical activity and selected healthy eating behaviors in adolescent boys and girls.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/445/CN-00682445/frame.html										
D. Lubans, P. Morgan, A. Okely, D. Dewar, C. Collins, M. Batterham, R. Callister and R. Plotnikoff	2012	Preventing obesity among adolescent girls: One-year outcomes of the nutrition and enjoyable activity for teen girls (NEAT Girls) cluster randomized controlled trial		Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine			166		9	821-7						Journal: Article		Preventing obesity among adolescent girls: One-year outcomes of the nutrition and enjoyable activity for teen girls (NEAT Girls) cluster randomized controlled trial														CN-00902793				Objective: To evaluate the impact of a 12-month multicomponent school-based obesity prevention program, Nutrition and Enjoyable Activity for Teen Girls among adolescent girls. Design: Group randomized controlled trial with 12-month follow-up. Setting: Twelve secondary schools in low-income communities in the Hunter and Central Coast regions of New South Wales, Australia. Participants: Three hundred fifty-seven adolescent girls aged 12 to 14 years. Intervention: A multicomponent school-based intervention program tailored for adolescent girls. The intervention was based on social cognitive theory and included teacher professional development, enhanced school sport sessions, interactive seminars, nutrition workshops, lunch-time physical activity sessions, handbooks and pedometers for self-monitoring, parent newsletters, and text messaging for social support. Main Outcome Measures: Body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), BMI z score, body fat percentage, physical activity, screen time, dietary intake, and self-esteem. Results: After 12 months, changes in BMI (adjusted mean difference, -0.19;95%CI, -0.70 to 0.33), BMI z score (mean, -0.08; 95% CI, -0.20 to 0.04), and body fat percentage (mean, -1.09; 95% CI, -2.88 to 0.70) were in favor of the intervention, but they were not statistically different from those in the control group. Changes in screen time were statistically significant (mean, -30.67 min/d;95%CI, -62.43 to -1.06), but there were no group by time effects for physical activity, dietary behavior, or self-esteem. Conclusions: A school-based intervention tailored for adolescent girls from schools located in low-income communities did not significantly reduce BMI gain. However, changes in body composition were of a magnitude similar to previous studies and may be associated with clinically important health outcomes. Trial Registration: anzctr.org.au Identifier: 12610000330044. 2012 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/793/CN-00902793/frame.html										
D. Lubans and P. Morgan	2008	Evaluation of an extra-curricular school sport programme promoting lifestyle and lifetime activity for adolescents		Journal of sports sciences			26		5	519-29						Controlled Clinical Trial;		Evaluation of an extra-curricular school sport programme promoting lifestyle and lifetime activity for adolescents								Pubmed 18274949						CN-00637835				The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of an extra-curricular school sport programme to promote physical activity among adolescents. One hundred and sixteen students (mean age 14.2 years, s = 0.5) were assigned to an intervention (n = 50) or comparison group (n = 66). The 8-week intervention involved structured exercise activities and information sessions. Four days of pedometer monitoring and time spent in non-organized physical activity and sedentary behaviours were measured at baseline and post-test. At baseline, participants were classified using steps per day as low-active (girls <11,000, boys <13,000) or active (girls > or = 11,000, boys > or = 13,000) and the effects of the intervention were assessed using these subgroups. Adolescents in the intervention group classified as low-active at baseline increased their step counts across the 8-week intervention (baseline: 7716 steps/day, s = 1751; post-test: 10,301 steps/day, s = 4410; P < 0.05) and accumulated significantly more steps (P < 0.05) than their peers in the comparison group (baseline: 8414 steps/day, s = 2460; post-test: 8248 steps/day, s = 3674; P = 0.879). The results of the present study provide further evidence that physical activity monitoring using pedometers is an effective strategy for increasing activity among low-active adolescents.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/835/CN-00637835/frame.html										
K. Lundholm, L. Gunnebo, U. Körner, B. Iresjö, C. Engström, A. Hyltander, U. Smedh and I. Bosaeus	2010	Effects by daily long term provision of ghrelin to unselected weight-losing cancer patients: a randomized double-blind study		Cancer			116		8	2044-52						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects by daily long term provision of ghrelin to unselected weight-losing cancer patients: a randomized double-blind study								Pubmed 20186829						CN-00742650				BACKGROUND: The short-term provision of ghrelin to patients with cancer indicates that there may be benefits from long-term provision of ghrelin for the palliative treatment of weight-losing cancer patients. This hypothesis was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, phase 2 study. METHODS: Weight-losing cancer patients with solid gastrointestinal tumors were randomized to receive either high-dose ghrelin treatment (13 microg/kg daily; n = 17 patients) or low-dose ghrelin treatment (0.7 microg/kg daily; n = 14 patients) for 8 weeks as a once-daily, subcutaneous injections. Appetite was scored on a visual analog scale; and food intake, resting energy expenditure, and body composition (dual x-ray absorpitometry) were measured before the start of treatment and during follow-up. Serum levels of ghrelin, insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, growth hormone (GH), triglycerides, free fatty acids, and glucose were measured. Health-related quality of life, anxiety, and depression were assessed by using standardized methods (the 36-item Short Form Health Survey and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Physical activity, rest, and sleep were measured by using a multisensor body monitor. RESULTS: Treatment groups were comparable at inclusion. Appetite scores were increased significantly by high-dose ghrelin analyzed both on an intent-to-treat basis and according to the protocol. High-dose ghrelin reduced the loss of whole body fat (P < .04) and serum GH (P < .05). There was a trend for high-dose ghrelin to improve energy balance (P < .07; per protocol). Otherwise, no statistically significant differences in outcome variables were observed between the high-dose and low-dose groups. Adverse effects were not observed by high-dose ghrelin, such as serum levels of tumor markers (cancer antigen 125 [CA 125], carcinoembryonic antigen, and CA 19-9). CONCLUSIONS: The current results suggested that daily, long-term provision of ghrelin to weight-losing cancer patients with solid tumors supports host metabolism, improves appetite, and attenuates catabolism.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/650/CN-00742650/frame.html										
H. Luukinen, S. Lehtola, J. Jokelainen, R. Väänänen-Sainio, S. Lotvonen and P. Koistinen	2007	Pragmatic exercise-oriented prevention of falls among the elderly: a population-based, randomized, controlled trial		Preventive medicine			44		3	265-71						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Pragmatic exercise-oriented prevention of falls among the elderly: a population-based, randomized, controlled trial								Pubmed 17174387						CN-00586362				OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of an intervention planned and implemented by regional geriatric care teams in order to prevent falls in an elderly population. METHODS: The study was conducted among 555 (67%) home-dwelling Finnish persons aged 85 years or older of a representative population sample (N=827) in 2000-2003. Altogether 486 subjects (88%) had a history of recurrent falls or at least one risk factor for disability in the activities of daily living or mobility and were randomly assigned to receive suggestions for a programme consisting of home exercise, walking exercise, group activities or self-care exercise or alternatively routine care. Falls were monitored for a median of 16 months during the intervention. RESULTS: The time to first four falls and all falls did not significantly differ in the targeted intervention group (N=217); compared to controls (N=220), hazard ratio 0.88 (95% CI 0.74 to 1.04) and 0.93 (0.80-1.09), respectively. Among those able to move outdoors, the corresponding hazard ratios in the intervention group (N=168) compared to the controls (N=178) were 0.78 (0.64-0.94) and 0.88 (0.74-1.05). After the intervention period, impaired balance was less common in the intervention than in the control subjects; 64 (45%) and 89 (59%) (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A pragmatic intervention was not effective in reducing the falling risk at the population level, but slowed down the reduction of balance performance. Among those able to move outdoors, the intervention was also effective in reducing the risk of first four falls.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/362/CN-00586362/frame.html										
J. Ma, A. King, S. Wilson, L. Xiao and R. Stafford	2009	Evaluation of lifestyle interventions to treat elevated cardiometabolic risk in primary care (E-LITE): a randomized controlled trial		BMC family practice			10			71						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Evaluation of lifestyle interventions to treat elevated cardiometabolic risk in primary care (E-LITE): a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 19909549						CN-00731500				BACKGROUND: Efficacy research has shown that intensive individual lifestyle intervention lowers the risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome. Translational research is needed to test real-world models of lifestyle interventions in primary care settings. DESIGN: E-LITE is a three-arm randomized controlled clinical trial aimed at testing the feasibility and potential effectiveness of two lifestyle interventions: information technology-assisted self-management, either alone or in combination with care management by a dietitian and exercise counselor, in comparison to usual care. Overweight or obese adults with pre-diabetes and/or metabolic syndrome (n = 240) recruited from a community-based primary care clinic are randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions. Treatment will last 15 months and involves a three-month intensive treatment phase followed by a 12-month maintenance phase. Follow-up assessment occurs at three, six, and 15 months. The primary outcome is change in body mass index. The target sample size will provide 80% power for detecting a net difference of half a standard deviation in body mass index at 15 months between either of the self-management or care management interventions and usual care at a two-sided alpha level of 0.05, assuming up to a 20% rate of loss to 15-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes include glycemic control, additional cardiovascular risk factors, and health-related quality of life. Potential mediators (e.g., treatment adherence, caloric intake, physical activity level) and moderators (e.g., age, gender, race/ethnicity, baseline mental status) of the intervention's effect on weight change also will be examined. DISCUSSION: This study will provide objective evidence on the extent of reductions in body mass index and related cardiometabolic risk factors from two lifestyle intervention programs of varying intensity that could be implemented as part of routine health care.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/500/CN-00731500/frame.html										
J. Ma, F. Wang, K. Zhang, P. Yu, J. Wang and X. Chen	1996	Exercise hemodynamic benefits of rate adaptive ventricular pacing		Chinese medical journal			109		6	459-62						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Exercise hemodynamic benefits of rate adaptive ventricular pacing								Pubmed 9206079						CN-00141152				OBJECTIVE: To investigate the exercise hemodynamic benefits of activity-sensing rate adaptive ventricular pacing (VVIR) over fixed rate pacing (VVI) mode. METHODS: Activity sensing rate adaptive pacemaker was implanted in 19 patients (13 males and 6 females, mean age 54.8 years) with bradycardia. All patients underwent symptom-limited upright bicycle exercise in VVIR and VVI pacing modes in random order after implantation. With electrocardiogram monitor and M-mode echocardiography, heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output were measured at rest and at each stage of exercise. RESULTS: All patients were pacemaker dependent, without any spontaneous heart rhythm throughout this study. In the activity sensing ventricular pacing mode, all patients achieved a significant increase in exercise duration compared to fixed rate ventricular pacing mode (mean +/- s, 437 +/- 45 vs 323 +/- 23sec; P < 0.01), with a mean maximum pacing rate of 113 +/- 23ppm. Although the cardiac output was significantly improved in both pacing modes (10.2 +/- 1.4L/min with VVIR and 7.5 +/- 1.1L/min with VVI), the maximum exercise cardiac output in VVIR was increased over VVI by 46% (P < 0.05). Additionally, the stroke volume was significantly increased by 50% or more at rest in VVI mode, but was relatively maintained in VVIR mode (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Rate adaptive ventricular pacing can significantly improve the exercise capacity and cardiac output in patients with bradycardia. The increment of exercise cardiac output in VVIR mode is mainly dependent upon the pacing rate during exercise.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/152/CN-00141152/frame.html										
J. Ma, V. Yank, L. Xiao, P. Lavori, S. Wilson, L. Rosas and R. Stafford	2013	Translating the Diabetes Prevention Program lifestyle intervention for weight loss into primary care: a randomized trial		JAMA internal medicine			173		2	113-21						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Translating the Diabetes Prevention Program lifestyle intervention for weight loss into primary care: a randomized trial								Pubmed 23229846						CN-00848279				BACKGROUND: The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) lifestyle intervention reduced the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) among high-risk adults by 58%, with weight loss as the dominant predictor. However, it has not been adequately translated into primary care. METHODS: We evaluated 2 adapted DPP lifestyle interventions among overweight or obese adults who were recruited from 1 primary care clinic and had pre-DM and/or metabolic syndrome. Participants were randomized to (1) a coach-led group intervention (n = 79), (2) a self-directed DVD intervention (n = 81), or (3) usual care (n = 81). During a 3-month intensive intervention phase, the DPP-based behavioral weight-loss curriculum was delivered by lifestyle coach-led small groups or home-based DVD. During the maintenance phase, participants in both interventions received lifestyle change coaching and support remotely-through secure email within an electronic health record system and the American Heart Association Heart360 website for weight and physical activity goal setting and self-monitoring. The primary outcome was change in body mass index (BMI) (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) from baseline to 15 months. RESULTS: At baseline, participants had a mean (SD) age of 52.9 (10.6) years and a mean BMI of 32.0 (5.4); 47% were female; 78%, non-Hispanic white; and 17%, Asian/Pacific Islander. At month 15, the mean ± SE change in BMI from baseline was -2.2 ± 0.3 in the coach-led group vs -0.9 ± 0.3 in the usual care group (P < .001) and -1.6 ± 0.3 in the self-directed group vs usual care (P = .02). The percentages of participants who achieved the 7% DPP-based weight-loss goal were 37.0% (P = .003) and 35.9% (P = .004) in the coach-led and self-directed groups, respectively, vs 14.4% in the usual care group. Both interventions also achieved greater net improvements in waist circumference and fasting plasma glucose level. CONCLUSION: Proven effective in a primary care setting, the 2 DPP-based lifestyle interventions are readily scalable and exportable with potential for substantial clinical and public health impact. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00842426.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/279/CN-00848279/frame.html										
C. Macchiarulo, R. Pieri, D. Mitolo and A. Pirrelli	2001	Antihypertensive effects of six calcium antagonists: Evidence from fourier analysis of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure recordings		Current Therapeutic Research - Clinical and Experimental			62		4	236-53						Journal: Article		Antihypertensive effects of six calcium antagonists: Evidence from fourier analysis of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure recordings														CN-00442135				Background: Blood pressure is characterized by a circadian rhythm, with lower values during sleep and periods of minimal activity, and higher values during the day and periods of mental and physical activity. An increased blood pressure variability has been reported to contribute independently to the higher cardiovascular risk of hypertensive patients; reducing this variability has therefore become an important goal of antihypertensive treatment. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the ability of various calcium channel antagonists to reduce 24-hour average blood pressure and to study the effect of these agents on blood pressure variability, particularly on the blood pressure variations between day and night and the slope of the blood pressure increase that typically occurs in the morning at awakening. Methods: A total of 110 patients with grade 1 or grade 2 essential hypertension (diastolic blood pressure 90-109 mm Hg) were randomly assigned to receive nifedipine slow release (SR) 20 mg BID (n = 20), nifedipine gastrointestinal therapeutic system 60 mg QD (n = 20), amlodipine 10 mg QD (n = 20), felodipine extended release (ER) 10 mg QD (n = 15), verapamil SR 240 mg QD (n = 20), or lercanidipine 10 mg QD (n = 15) for 4 months. Each patient's blood pressure was monitored in ambulatory conditions over 24 hours before treatment and after 2 and 4 months of treatment. The 24-hour, daytime, nighttime, and hourly average values and trough-to-peak ratios were computed. Original data series were also analyzed by means of a Fourier model with 4 harmonics, and the blood pressure increase per time unit in the morning was computed. Results: The study sample included 60 men and 50 women (mean age + SD, 53.2 + 1.9 years). Based on the Fourier analysis, all patients in each treatment group experienced improvement in their blood pressure profile. With the exception of felodipine ER, all the compounds studied induced a significant (P < 0.01) and uniform blood pressure reduction versus baseline throughout the 24-hour period. None of the drugs caused major alterations in the 24-hour blood pressure profile, although individual drugs had slightly different effects on the nocturnal blood pressure decrease. Trough-to-peak ratios were >0.50 in all groups. A significant decrease in the slope of blood pressure rise in the morning hours (P < 0.05) was observed after treatment with amlodipine, nifedipine SR (twice daily), and lercanidipine. This finding may be relevant since it is well known that the slope of blood pressure increase at awakening is related to an increase in cardiovascular risk. Conclusions: Given the link between blood pressure fluctuations and cardiovascular risk, all new antihypertensive drugs should be tested for their ability not only to reduce 24-hour mean blood pressure levels, but also to maintain physiologic 24-hour blood pressure profiles and to prevent excessive blood pressure fluctuations.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/135/CN-00442135/frame.html										
J. MacDonald, C. Hogben, M. Tarnopolsky and J. MacDougall	2001	Post exercise hypotension is sustained during subsequent bouts of mild exercise and simulated activities of daily living		Journal of human hypertension			15		8	567-71						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Post exercise hypotension is sustained during subsequent bouts of mild exercise and simulated activities of daily living								Pubmed 11494096						CN-00424866				Our purpose was to examine whether the transient suppression of blood pressure that occurs during the hours following acute exercise (termed post exercise hypotension) persists throughout an active period of subsequent mild exercise and simulated activities of daily living (ADL) using direct measurements of arterial pressure. Eight recreationally active participants, with low borderline systolic hypertension completed 30 min of cycle ergometry at 70% VO(2Peak) and 30 min of quiet seated rest on separate days (randomised order). Following exercise and rest, subjects completed a 70-min protocol of mild exercise and simulated ADL. Blood pressure was monitored throughout by catheterisation of the radial artery. Exercise resulted in lower systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) throughout the post exercise ADL period compared to control measurements taken without prior exercise. The maximal difference in SBP, DBP and MAP between trials was 26, 7 and 13 mm Hg respectively. Average differences in SBP, DBP and MAP between trials were 16, 5 and 8 mm Hg respectively. This relative hypotension occurred in spite of higher heart rates during the ADL measurement period following the prior exercise. Furthermore, many of the blood pressure measurements during the post exercise period were significantly lower than the pre-exercise values during the same trial. We conclude that post exercise hypotension persists during mild exercise and simulated ADL. Although the duration of this relative hypotension needs to be determined, acute exercise may serve as a non-pharmacological aid in the treatment of hypertension.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/866/CN-00424866/frame.html										
K. Macdonald, S. Taylor, J. Trites, E. Fung, P. Barnsley, M. Dunbar, J. Leahey and R. Hart	2011	Effect of fibula free flap harvest on the gait of head and neck cancer patients: Preliminary results		Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery			40		Suppl. 1	S34-s40						Journal: Article		Effect of fibula free flap harvest on the gait of head and neck cancer patients: Preliminary results														CN-00891718				Objective: To determine the impact of fibula free flaps (FFFs) on gait. Design: Prospective trial. Setting: FFF patients who gave consent were enrolled. Methods: At preoperative and 3-month postoperative visits, patients walked 30 m with the Walkabout Portable Gait Monitor (WPGM), a portable device developed at Dalhousie University that records acceleration of the centre of mass. Gaitview software provided several outputs for analysis: vertical (VA) and forward (FA) asymmetry, horizontal to vertical power ratio (HVP), vertical to forward power ratio (VFP), velocity, and step length. Patients were compared pre- and postoperatively and to age-matched control data with a Student paired t-test. Patients completed a self-comorbidity questionnaire and a point evaluation system (PES) with subjective questions on gait. PES data were compared to a Mann-Whitney U test using SPSS, version 15.0.1. Main Outcome Measures: Gaitview output and PES questionnaire. Results: From September 2008 to January 2010, 12 patients enrolled in the study. Eight provided 3-month postoperative data. The Gaitview analysis showed that none of the six parameters changed postoperatively. The VA and FA preoperatively and at 3 months postoperatively were 21.3 versus 24.2, p > .50, and 65.4 versus 74.9, p > .50, respectively. The HVP and VFP preoperatively and postoperatively were 133.4 versus 138.9, p > .50, and 129.6 versus 122.8, p > .50, respectively. The velocity and step length preoperatively and postoperatively were 125.9 versus 119.5 cm/s, p > .50, and 76.0 versus 74.9 cm, p > .50, respectively. The subjective PES questionnaire did not change significantly (p = .26). Conclusion: Preliminary findings confirm that the FFF is associated with little subjective or objective gait impairment. 2011 The Canadian Society of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/718/CN-00891718/frame.html										
B. Maciel, L. Gallo, N. J. Marin, F. E. Lima and L. Martins	1986	Autonomic nervous control of the heart rate during dynamic exercise in normal man		Clinical science (London, England : 1979)			71		4	457-60						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial;		Autonomic nervous control of the heart rate during dynamic exercise in normal man								Pubmed 3757442						CN-00044565				The relative contribution of the efferent components of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems to the heart rate (HR) response to dynamic physical exercise was evaluated in 23 normal males. The dynamic exercise was performed on a bicycle ergometer at work loads of 25, 50 and 100 W, before and after pharmacological blockade with atropine (13 individuals) or propranolol (10 individuals). Parasympathetic blockade significantly depressed the rapid HR response at the beginning of the exercise period at all levels of intensity, whereas sympathetic blockade only affected the slow-response phase (1-4 min), especially at the highest level of effort. The present results suggest that the tachycardia evoked by dynamic exercise is mediated by a biphasic mechanism initially depending on rapid vagal release, which increases progressively with increasing effort. An increased sympathetic activity manifests itself in a more delayed manner, especially at the higher levels of activity. Continuous monitoring of HR during the entire period of activity at different levels of intensity permits the utilization of dynamic exercise as a simple and non-invasive method for the functional evaluation of the two components of the autonomic nervous system of the heart.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/565/CN-00044565/frame.html										
A. H. Mackey, P. Hewart, S. E. Walt and N. S. Stott	2009	The sensitivity and specificity of an activity monitor in detecting functional activities in young people with cerebral palsy		Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation			90		8	1396-1401								The sensitivity and specificity of an activity monitor in detecting functional activities in young people with cerebral palsy		0003-9993												2010377618. Language: English. Entry Date: 20091009. Revision Date: 20110520. Publication Type: journal article				OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity (IDEEA) monitor in detecting functional activities in young people with cerebral palsy (CP). DESIGN: Validation study. SETTING: Two identical data collections completed 1 week apart at a gait laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-five young people with CP and 30 able-bodied (AB) peers (age 8-25 y; mean age CP 14.1 y, Gross Motor Function Classification System Level I-III; mean age AB, 14.2 y). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Each participant completed 5 functional activities (sitting, lying, standing, walking, and stairs), with the monitor attached. The sensitivity and specificity of the monitor in detecting each activity was calculated by comparison to a written timed report. RESULTS: Sitting, lying, and standing were detected with median 100% sensitivity in both participant groups and across both testing sessions. Accuracy of walking detection was reduced compared with static activities (P<.05) across the 2 sessions and groups. The CP group had a significantly higher number of participants where the activity was not detected with 100% sensitivity (lie: 18% CP, 5% AB, P<.04; stand: 12% CP, 0% AB, P<.02; walk: 96% CP, 81% AB, P<.03). Stair climbing was detected in only half of the 12 participants with CP who could achieve the task. The IDEEA demonstrated high specificity (range, 97%-100%) for both participant groups. CONCLUSIONS: The IDEEA activity monitor had high levels of sensitivity and specificity in determining everyday static activities in participants with CP, with greater difficulties in detecting dynamic activities of walking and stair climbing. © 2009 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Online/Print; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Physical Therapy. Grant Information: Health Research Council, Strategic Development Grant, New Zealand. No. of Refs: 17 ref. NLM UID: 2985158R.
PMID: 19651274		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2010377618&site=ehost-live		Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. a.mackey@auckland.ac.nz						rzh	EBSCOhost	
F. Macmillan, C. Fitzsimons, K. Black, M. Granat, M. Grant, M. Grealy, H. Macdonald, A. McConnachie, D. Rowe, R. Shaw, D. Skelton and N. Mutrie	2011	West End Walkers 65+: a randomised controlled trial of a primary care-based walking intervention for older adults: study rationale and design		BMC public health			11			120						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		West End Walkers 65+: a randomised controlled trial of a primary care-based walking intervention for older adults: study rationale and design								Pubmed 21333020						CN-00787355				BACKGROUND: In Scotland, older adults are a key target group for physical activity intervention due to the large proportion who are inactive. The health benefits of an active lifestyle are well established but more research is required on the most effective interventions to increase activity in older adults. The 'West End Walkers 65+' randomised controlled trial aims to examine the feasibility of delivering a pedometer-based walking intervention to adults aged 65 years through a primary care setting and to determine the efficacy of this pilot. The study rationale, protocol and recruitment process are discussed in this paper. METHODS/DESIGN: The intervention consisted of a 12-week pedometer-based graduated walking programme and physical activity consultations. Participants were randomised into an immediate intervention group (immediate group) or a 12-week waiting list control group (delayed group) who then received the intervention. For the pilot element of this study, the primary outcome measure was pedometer step counts. Secondary outcome measures of sedentary time and physical activity (time spent lying/sitting, standing or walking; activPAL? monitor), mood (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule), functional ability (Perceived Motor-Efficacy Scale for Older Adults), quality of life (Short-Form (36) Health Survey version 2) and loneliness (UCLA Loneliness Scale) were assessed. Focus groups with participants and semi-structured interviews with the research team captured their experiences of the intervention. The feasibility component of this trial examined recruitment via primary care and retention of participants, appropriateness of the intervention for older adults and the delivery of the intervention by a practice nurse. DISCUSSION: West End Walkers 65+ will determine the feasibility and pilot the efficacy of delivering a pedometer-based walking intervention through primary care to Scottish adults aged 65 years. The study will also examine the effect of the intervention on the well-being of participants and gain an insight into both participant and research team member experiences of the intervention.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/355/CN-00787355/frame.html										
P. MacRae, L. Asplund, J. Schnelle, J. Ouslander, A. Abrahamse and C. Morris	1996	A walking program for nursing home residents: effects on walk endurance, physical activity, mobility, and quality of life		Journal of the American Geriatrics Society			44		2	175-80						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		A walking program for nursing home residents: effects on walk endurance, physical activity, mobility, and quality of life								Pubmed 8576508						CN-00123314				OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of a 12-week walking program on walk endurance capacity, physical activity level, mobility, and quality of life in ambulatory nursing home residents who had been identified as having low physical activity levels and low walk endurance capacities. To determine the effects of 12 versus 22 weeks of walk training on walk endurance capacity, physical activity level, mobility, and quality of life in ambulatory nursing home residents. DESIGN: Experiment 1: Residents of one nursing home campus were assigned to the walking program, and residents of a second campus were assigned to the social visit control group. Outcome measures were taken before and after 12 weeks. Experiment 2: Pretest/posttest with outcome measures taken before and, again, after 12 and 22 weeks of walking. SETTING: Two campuses of the Jewish Homes for the Aging in the Los Angeles area. PARTICIPANTS: Experiment 1: Nineteen of 22 residents in the walking group completed the walking program, and 12 of 15 residents in the control group completed the study. Experiment 2: Thirty of 41 residents (from the two nursing homes) completed the 22-week walking program. INTERVENTION: Experiment 1: The walking program involved each resident walking with research staff at his/her self-selected walking pace, 5 days per week for 12 weeks, for a maximum of 30 minutes per day; while the control group had weekly individual social visits, which lasted 30 minutes, from a research assistant. Experiment 2: All residents, those in both the walking and the control group, were offered the opportunity to complete 22 weeks of walking. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Maximal walk endurance capacity, the resident's maximum walk time performed in a single day of walking (distance and speed also were measured); physical activity level based on time-sampled observations and physical activity monitors; mobility as measured with the Timed-Up-and-Go test, left handgrip strength, and Tinetti's Mobility Assessment; and quality of life as assessed with the Geriatric Depression Scale (a bodily pain scale) and the Dartmouth Primary Care Cooperative Information Project (COOP) physical work chart. RESULTS: Experiment 1: The walking group significantly improved their maximal walk endurance time by 77% and distance by 92%, with no significant change in walk speed; however, the control group showed no significant changes in these variables. There were no significant group by time interactions on measures of physical activity, mobility, and quality of life. Experiment 2: No further significant changes were found from 12 to 22 weeks in walk endurance capacity, physical activity, mobility, or quality of life. CONCLUSION: Twelve weeks of daily walking at a self-selected walking pace by ambulatory nursing home residents produced significant improvements in walk endurance capacity. No other significant changes were noted in physical activity level, mobility, or quality of life in either group after the intervention. Also, there were no side effects, such as increases in falls or cardiovascular complications, due to the walking intervention. Lengthening the walking program to 22 weeks produced no further significant changes in any outcome measures.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/314/CN-00123314/frame.html										
R. Maddison, L. Foley, C. Mhurchu, A. Jull, Y. Jiang, H. Prapavessis, A. Rodgers, H. S. Vander, M. Hohepa and D. Schaaf	2009	Feasibility, design and conduct of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial to reduce overweight and obesity in children: The electronic games to aid motivation to exercise (eGAME) study		BMC public health			9			146						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Feasibility, design and conduct of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial to reduce overweight and obesity in children: The electronic games to aid motivation to exercise (eGAME) study								Pubmed 19450288						CN-00719446				BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions in developed countries. Sedentary screen-based activities such as video gaming are thought to displace active behaviors and are independently associated with obesity. Active video games, where players physically interact with images onscreen, may have utility as a novel intervention to increase physical activity and improve body composition in children. The aim of the Electronic Games to Aid Motivation to Exercise (eGAME) study is to determine the effects of an active video game intervention over 6 months on: body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, waist circumference, cardio-respiratory fitness, and physical activity levels in overweight children. METHODS/DESIGN: Three hundred and thirty participants aged 10-14 years will be randomized to receive either an active video game upgrade package or to a control group (no intervention). DISCUSSION: An overview of the eGAME study is presented, providing an example of a large, pragmatic randomized controlled trial in a community setting. Reflection is offered on key issues encountered during the course of the study. In particular, investigation into the feasibility of the proposed intervention, as well as robust testing of proposed study procedures is a critical step prior to implementation of a large-scale trial.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/446/CN-00719446/frame.html										
R. Maddison, R. Whittaker, R. Stewart, A. Kerr, Y. Jiang, G. Kira, K. Carter and L. Pfaeffli	2012	HEART: heart exercise and remote technologies: a randomized controlled trial study protocol		BMC cardiovascular disorders			11			26						Comparative Study; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		HEART: heart exercise and remote technologies: a randomized controlled trial study protocol								Pubmed 21624142						CN-00811541				BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is aimed at improving health behaviors to slow or reverse the progression of CVD disease. Exercise is a central element of CR. Technologies such as mobile phones and the Internet (mHealth) offer potential to overcome many of the psychological, physical, and geographical barriers that have been associated with lack of participation in exercise-based CR. We aim to trial the effectiveness of a mobile phone delivered exercise-based CR program to increase exercise capacity and functional outcomes compared with usual CR care in adults with CVD. This paper outlines the rationale and methods of the trial. METHODS: A single-blinded parallel two-arm randomized controlled trial is being conducted. A total of 170 people will be randomized at 1:1 ratio either to receive a mHealth CR program or usual care. Participants are identified by CR nurses from two metropolitan hospitals in Auckland, New Zealand through outpatient clinics and existing databases. Consenting participants are contacted to attend a baseline assessment. The intervention consists of a theory-based, personalized, automated package of text and video message components via participants' mobile phones and the Internet to increase exercise behavior, delivered over six months. The control group will continue with usual CR. Data collection occurs at baseline and 24 weeks (post-intervention). The primary outcome is change in maximal oxygen uptake from baseline to 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes include post-intervention measures on self-reported physical activity (IPAQ), cardiovascular risk factors (systolic blood pressure, weight, and waist to hip ratio), health related quality of life (SF-36), and cost-effectiveness. DISCUSSION: This manuscript presents the protocol for a randomized controlled trial of a mHealth exercise-based CR program. Results of this trial will provide much needed information about physical and psychological well-being, and cost-effectiveness of an automated telecommunication intervention. If effective, this intervention has enormous potential to improve the delivery of CR and could easily be scaled up to be delivered nationally (and internationally) in a very short time, enhancing the translational aspect of this research. It also has potential to extend to comprehensive CR (nutrition advice, smoking cessation, medication adherence). TRIAL REGISTRATION: ACTRN12611000117910.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/541/CN-00811541/frame.html										
J. Madsen, J. Sallis, J. Rupp, K. Senn, T. Patterson, C. Atkins and P. Nader	1993	Relationship between self-monitoring of diet and exercise change and subsequent risk factor changes in children and adults		Patient education and counseling			21		1-2	61-9						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Relationship between self-monitoring of diet and exercise change and subsequent risk factor changes in children and adults								Pubmed 8337206						CN-00267039				Self-monitoring is often used in health behaviour change programs; but it is not known to what extent self-monitoring data are valid and useful in predicting changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Subjects included 72 Anglo adults, 68 Anglo children, 80 Mexican-American adults and 94 Mexican-American children. Subjects were families with fifth and sixth grade children who participated in an 18-session family-based diet and exercise change program designed to reduce CVD risk. During the intervention, each participant self-monitored diet and aerobic physical activity. Families were measured at baseline, 3, 12, and 24 months. For adults, self-monitored changes in diet correlated with changes in body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and LDL 1 and 2 years later. Correlations between self-monitored diet and diet-related risk factor changes were not observed among children. Correlations between self-monitored exercise and subsequent risk factor changes were not observed among adults. For children, self monitored changes in aerobic physical activity correlated significantly with changes in VO2Max and HDL/LDL ratio 1 and 2 years later. Thus, this study provides some support for the predictive validity of diet self-monitoring in adults and exercise self-monitoring in children.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/039/CN-00267039/frame.html										
A. Maggio, Y. Aggoun, X. Martin, L. Marchand, M. Beghetti and N. Farpour-Lambert	2011	Long-term follow-up of cardiovascular risk factors after exercise training in obese children		International journal of pediatric obesity			6		2-2	e603-10						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Long-term follow-up of cardiovascular risk factors after exercise training in obese children								Pubmed 21142752						CN-00802234				OBJECTIVE: We previously demonstrated beneficial effects of physical activity on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, body mass index (BMI) and fat mass in pre-pubescent obese children. The aim of this study was to determine whether these changes were maintained 2 years later. METHODS: Two years after the Randomised Controlled Trial, we performed a follow-up study with 20 of 38 subjects (11.4 ± 1.8 years). Outcomes included blood pressure (BP) by ambulatory monitoring; arterial function and structure using high-resolution ultrasound, BMI, body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), physical activity using accelerometer, and biological markers. RESULTS: During the 2-year follow-up period, mean 24-hour diastolic BP z-score significantly decreased (1.4 ± 1.2 vs. 0.3 ± 1.4, p = 0.04), while systolic BP z-score was slightly reduced (2.4 ± 1.5 vs. 1.4 ± 1.7, p = 0.067). Blood pressure changes were greater in children who diminished their BMI z-score compared with the ones who did not. Systolic hypertension rates dropped from 50 to 28% and diastolic hypertension from 42 to 6%. In addition, arterial intima-media thickness (0.51 ± 0.03 vs. 0.51 ± 0.06, p = 0.79), BMI z-score (2.9 ± 0.8 vs. 2.9 ± 1.1 kg.cm(-2), p = 0.27), body fat (41.9 ± 6.9 vs. 42.8 ± 6.7%; p = 0.39) and physical activity count (703 ± 209 vs. 574 ± 244 cpm, p = 0.30) were stable. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting that beneficial effects on adiposity and CVD risk factors of a physical activity centred intervention are sustained 2 years after the cessation of training in obese children. Subjects stabilized BMI z-score and maintained physical activity with further improvement of BP and stabilization of arterial wall remodelling. We conclude that it is important to encourage physical activity in this population. Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Arterial Function and Insulin Resistance Syndrome in Obese Children: A Randomised Controlled Trial: NCT00801645.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/234/CN-00802234/frame.html										
D. Magoc, J. Tomaka and A. Bridges-Arzaga	2011	Using the web to increase physical activity in college students		American journal of health behavior			35		2	142-54						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Using the web to increase physical activity in college students								Pubmed 21204677						CN-00785170				OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of a theoretically based and Web-delivered intervention using common course technology for increasing physical activity in a college student sample. METHODS: One hundred four students randomly participated in either a Web-based intervention involving 7 theory-based learning lessons or a control group that received minimal physical activity information. Participants reported levels of physical activity and social cognitive theory (SCT) constructs at baseline and after 6 weeks of the intervention. RESULTS: Relative to controls, intervention participants reported increased days of moderate and vigorous physical activity, but few changes in SCT constructs. CONCLUSIONS: Web-based interventions can successfully increase physical activity among college students.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/170/CN-00785170/frame.html										
S. Mahler and R. Borland	1990	Clinical development of moricizine as an antiarrhythmic agent		American journal of cardiology			65		8	11D-14D; discussion 68D-71D						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Review		Clinical development of moricizine as an antiarrhythmic agent								Pubmed 2407088						CN-00065877				The primary development of moricizine as an antiarrhythmic agent has occurred in the Soviet Union and the United States. The data in this presentation are based on the 1,844 subjects/patients (1,817 adults and 27 pediatric patients) who participated in 34 controlled studies and 3 uncontrolled compassionate-use programs conducted in the United States. Of the 1,817 adults, 443 received only placebo or comparative agents and 1,374 received moricizine in daily doses of 50 to 1,800 mg. A total of 1,190 adult patients (mean age 59 years) had ventricular arrhythmias classified as either benign (8%), potentially lethal (58%) or lethal (33%). Most patients had a history of greater than or equal to 1 cardiovascular disease, including coronary artery disease, previous myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure. Antiarrhythmic activity was assessed by four methods: 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring, programmed electrical stimulation, exercise tolerance tests, and global evaluation (only for some patients in the compassionate-use program). In addition, the effects of moricizine on symptoms associated with ventricular arrhythmias were assessed. The safety variables evaluated included adverse experiences, proarrhythmia, congestive heart failure, other cardiovascular effects, death, chest x-ray, ophthalmic examinations, neuroleptic phenothiazine effects and clinical laboratory tests.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/877/CN-00065877/frame.html										
V. Mainguy, S. Provencher, F. Maltais, S. Malenfant and D. Saey	2011	Assessment of daily life physical activities in pulmonary arterial hypertension		PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource]			6		11	e27993						Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Assessment of daily life physical activities in pulmonary arterial hypertension	PLoS ONE	1932-6203					PMC3218075							22110770				BACKGROUND: In pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), the six-minute walk test (6MWT) is believed to be representative of patient's daily life physical activities (DL(PA)). Whether DL(PA) are decreased in PAH and whether the 6MWT is representative of patient's DL(PA) remain unknown.
METHODS: 15 patients with idiopathic PAH (IPAH) and 10 patients with PAH associated with limited systemic sclerosis (PAH-SSc) were matched with 15 healthy control subjects and 10 patients with limited systemic sclerosis without PAH. Each subject completed a 6MWT. The mean number of daily steps and the mean energy expenditure and duration of physical activities >3 METs were assessed with a physical activity monitor for seven consecutive days and used as markers of DL(PA).
RESULTS: The mean number of daily steps and the mean daily energy expenditure and duration of physical activities >3 METs were all reduced in PAH patients compared to their controls (all p<0.05). The mean number of daily steps correlated with the 6MWT distance for both IPAH and PAH-SSc patients (r = 0.76, p<0.01 and r = 0.85, p<0.01), respectively.
CONCLUSION: DL(PA) are decreased in PAH and correlate with the 6MWT distance. Functional exercise capacity may thus be a useful surrogate of DL(PA) in PAH.	Mainguy, Vincent
Provencher, Steeve
Maltais, Francois
Malenfant, Simon
Saey, Didier		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22110770http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22110770&id=doi:10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0027993&issn=1932-6203&volume=6&issue=11&spage=e27993&pages=e27993&date=2011&title=PLoS+ONE+%5BElectronic+Resource%5D&atitle=Assessment+of+daily+life+physical+activities+in+pulmonary+arterial+hypertension.&aulast=Mainguy&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMainguy+V%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22110770%3C%2FAN%3E		Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Quebec, Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. Majahalme, V. Turjanmaa, A. Weder, H. Lu, M. Tuomisto and A. Uusitalo	1998	Office and laboratory blood pressures as predictors of daily blood pressure level in normotensive subjects and borderline and mild hypertensive subjects		Clinical physiology (Oxford, England)			18		3	215-23						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Office and laboratory blood pressures as predictors of daily blood pressure level in normotensive subjects and borderline and mild hypertensive subjects								Pubmed 9649909						CN-00680653				A series of standardized laboratory tests [10 min sitting and supine, 9 min standing, dynamic; cycle ergometer (ERG) and isometric exercise; handgrip (HG)] were performed during intra-arterial blood pressure (BP) recording in 97 healthy unmedicated men, initially classified as normotensive (NT, n = 34), borderline hypertensive (BHT, n = 29) or mildly hypertensive (HT, n = 34) by repeated office blood pressure (OBP) measurements. After testing, a 24-h intra-arterial ambulatory BP (IABP) recording was obtained while subjects performed their normal activities. Day and night periods were analysed as well as 24-h averages for systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) using Pearson correlations and multiple linear regressions. In normotensive subjects, the supine SBP predicted IABP measurements best (r range 0.39-0.69, P < 0.05-0.001). In multiple regression, supine SBP explained 49% of 24-h SBP variance (F = 12.4, P = 0.001). For BHT, supine SBP was also the best predictor (r range 0.09-0.64, P NS to P < 0.001), and it explained 37% of 24-h SBP variance (F = 15.6, P = 0.0005). In HT, ERG DBP correlated best with IABP (r range 0.52-0.75, P < 0.01-0.001). ERG SBP explained 49% of 24-h SBP (F = 31.0, P = 0.0000) and ERG DBP explained 56% of 24-h DBP (F = 35.4, P = 0.0000) variance. Laboratory BP correlations were generally better with day than with night measurements. OSBP correlated moderately well with IABP in NT, and weakly in BHT and HT; ODBP instead correlated with IABP in NT and HT but not significantly in BHT. In conclusion, OBP is less closely related to IABP than laboratory BP, but even laboratory BP generally explains less than 50% of IABP variance. Stressors such as exercise are useful only in HT. For BHT, the prediction of IABP with laboratory measures was even weaker than in other groups, and thus ambulatory measurements cannot be replaced by short-duration laboratory measurements and stress tests.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/653/CN-00680653/frame.html										
U. Malanda, S. Bot, P. Kostense, F. Snoek, J. Dekker and G. Nijpels	2009	Effects of self-monitoring of glucose in non-insulin treated patients with type 2 diabetes: design of the IN CONTROL-trial		BMC family practice			10			26						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of self-monitoring of glucose in non-insulin treated patients with type 2 diabetes: design of the IN CONTROL-trial								Pubmed 19397795						CN-00721938				BACKGROUND: Diabetes specific emotional problems interfere with the demanding daily management of living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Possibly, offering direct feedback on diabetes management may diminish the presence of diabetes specific emotional problems and might enhance the patients' belief they are able to manage their illness. It is hypothesized that self-monitoring of glucose in combination with an algorithm how and when to act will motivate T2DM patients to become more active participants in their own care leading to a decrease in diabetes related distress and an increased self-efficacy. METHODS AND DESIGN: Six hundred patients with T2DM (45 < or = 75 years) who receive care in a structured diabetes care system, HbA1c > or = 7.0%, and not using insulin will be recruited and randomized into 3 groups; Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG), Self-monitoring of Urine Glucose (SMUG) and usual care (n = 200 per group). Participants are eligible if they have a known disease duration of over 1 year and have used SMBG or SMUG less than 3 times in the previous year. All 3 groups will receive standardized diabetes care. The intervention groups will receive additional instructions on how to perform self-monitoring of glucose and how to interpret the results. Main outcome measures are changes in diabetes specific emotional distress and self-efficacy. Secondary outcome measures include difference in HbA1c, patient satisfaction, occurrence of hypoglycaemia, physical activity, costs of direct and indirect healthcare and changes in illness beliefs. DISCUSSION: The IN CONTROL-trial is designed to explore whether feedback from self-monitoring of glucose in T2DM patients who do not require insulin can affect diabetes specific emotional distress and increase self-efficacy. Based on the self-regulation model it is hypothesized that glucose self-monitoring feedback changes illness perceptions, guiding the patient to reduce emotional responses to experienced threats, and influences the patients ability to perform and maintain self-management skills.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/938/CN-00721938/frame.html										
S. Malek, S. Sample, Z. Schwartz, B. Nemke, P. Jacobson, E. Cozzi, S. Schaefer, J. Bleedorn, G. Holzman and P. Muir	2012	Effect of analgesic therapy on clinical outcome measures in a randomized controlled trial using client-owned dogs with hip osteoarthritis		BMC veterinary research			8			185								Effect of analgesic therapy on clinical outcome measures in a randomized controlled trial using client-owned dogs with hip osteoarthritis								Pubmed 23035739						CN-00920385				Pain and impaired mobility because of osteoarthritis (OA) is common in dogs and humans. Efficacy studies of analgesic drug treatment of dogs with naturally occurring OA may be challenging, as a caregiver placebo effect is typically evident. However, little is known about effect sizes of common outcome-measures in canine clinical trials evaluating treatment of OA pain. Forty-nine client-owned dogs with hip OA were enrolled in a randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled prospective trial. After a 1 week baseline period, dogs were randomly assigned to a treatment (ABT-116 - transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, Carprofen - non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), Tramadol - synthetic opiate, or Placebo) for 2 weeks. Outcome-measures included physical examination parameters, owner questionnaire, activity monitoring, gait analysis, and use of rescue medication. Acute hyperthermia developed after ABT-116 treatment (P < 0.001). Treatment with carprofen (P <= 0.01) and tramadol (P <= 0.001) led to improved mobility assessed by owner questionnaire. Nighttime activity was increased after ABT-116 treatment (P = 0.01). Kinetic gait analysis did not reveal significant treatment effects. Use of rescue treatment decreased with treatment in the ABT-116 and Carprofen groups (P < 0.001). Questionnaire score and activity count at the end of treatment were correlated with age, clinical severity at trial entry, and outcome measure baseline status (SR >= +/-0.40, P <= 0.005). Placebo treatment effects were evident with all variables studied. Treatment of hip OA in client-owned dogs is associated with a placebo effect for all variables that are commonly used for efficacy studies of analgesic drugs. This likely reflects caregiver bias or the phenomenon of regression to the mean. In the present study, outcome measures with significant effects also varied between groups, highlighting the value of using multiple outcome measures, as well as an a priori analysis of effect size associated with each measure. Effect size data from the present study could be used to inform design of future trials studying analgesic treatment of canine OA. Our results suggest that analgesic treatment with ABT-116 is not as effective as carprofen or tramadol for treatment of hip arthritis pain in client-owned dogs.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/385/CN-00920385/frame.html										
F. Maltais, J. Bourbeau, Y. Lacasse, S. Shapiro, H. Perrault, J. Penrod, M. Baltzan, M. Rouleau, M. Julien, B. Paradis, R. Audet, P. Hernandez, R. Levy, P. Camp, R. Lecours, D. Picard and S. Bernard	2005	A Canadian, multicentre, randomized clinical trial of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: rationale and methods		Canadian respiratory journal [Revue canadienne de pneumologie]			12		4	193-8						Clinical Trial; Meta-Analysis; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		A Canadian, multicentre, randomized clinical trial of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: rationale and methods								Pubmed 16003455						CN-00523072				BACKGROUND: Pulmonary rehabilitation remains largely underused. Self-monitored, home-based rehabilitation is a promising approach to improving the availability of pulmonary rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: To report the rationale and methods of a trial comparing the effectiveness of self-monitored, home-based rehabilitation with hospital-based, outpatient rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). STUDY DESIGN: A parallel-group, randomized, noninferiority, multicentre trial will be performed with 240 patients with moderate to severe COPD. INTERVENTION: Patients will be randomly assigned to conventional, supervised, hospital-based outpatient rehabilitation or self-monitored, home-based rehabilitation. Both interventions will include a standardized, comprehensive self-management program, in addition to the hospital-based outpatient or home-based exercise program. After the three-month intervention, patients in both groups will be encouraged to continue exercising at home. Patients will be assessed monthly with telephone interviews and in person at enrollment, three months and 12 months. OUTCOMES: The dyspnea domain of the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) at 12 months is the primary outcome variable. Secondary outcome variables include total and domain-specific CRQ scores; exercise tolerance and activity of daily living; health service use over the one-year study period; and direct and indirect costs of COPD treatment. ANALYSIS: An intent-to-treat approach will be used as the primary analysis. The primary analysis will focus on the change in the CRQ dyspnea score using a two-sided t distribution based on 95% CIs. The same approach will be used for secondary continuous outcome variables. CONCLUSION: The present trial will address two unresolved issues in pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with COPD: the short-term and long-term effectiveness of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation strategies. The authors will also determine if home-based pulmonary rehabilitation can reduce health service use (eg, hospitalizations and emergency visits) and if it can be done at a lower cost than the traditional hospital-based outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/072/CN-00523072/frame.html										
K. Maluf and M. Mueller	2003	Novel Award 2002. Comparison of physical activity and cumulative plantar tissue stress among subjects with and without diabetes mellitus and a history of recurrent plantar ulcers		Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon)			18		7	567-75						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial; Historical Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Novel Award 2002. Comparison of physical activity and cumulative plantar tissue stress among subjects with and without diabetes mellitus and a history of recurrent plantar ulcers								Pubmed 12880704						CN-00457197				OBJECTIVES: To compare the amount of weight-bearing activity and estimates of cumulative plantar tissue stress between subjects with and without diabetes mellitus and a history of recurrent plantar ulcers. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study with matched groups. BACKGROUND: Weight-bearing activity among individuals with diabetes is likely to influence the amount of mechanical trauma accumulated by plantar tissues, yet activity levels have not been accounted for in previous measurements of plantar tissue stress or predictions of plantar tissue injury. METHODS: Study groups included subjects with diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy, either with or without a history of recurrent plantar ulcers, and non-diabetic control subjects (n=10 per group). Pressure on the plantar foot was assessed as subjects walked at their preferred speed in the shoes they reported wearing most often each day. Physical activity was monitored over seven consecutive days using an accelerometer. The product of mean daily strides and forefoot pressure-time integral was used to estimate daily cumulative stress on the plantar forefoot. RESULTS: Subjects with diabetes and a history of recurrent plantar ulcers were 46% less active than subjects without diabetes (mean (SD)=2727 (1345) versus 5037 (2624) strides/day, P=0.04), and accumulated 41% less daily stress on the forefoot than non-diabetic and diabetic control subjects without a history of plantar ulcers (mean (SD)= 210 (134) versus 354 (118) and 354 (148) MPas/day respectively, P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with diabetes and a history a previous ulcers may be susceptible to plantar tissue injury even at relatively low levels of cumulative tissue stress. RELEVANCE: Changes in weight-bearing activity following plantar tissue injury in patients with diabetes may influence plantar tissue adaptation and the risk of ulcer recurrence.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/197/CN-00457197/frame.html										
M. Mancuso, M. Filosto, F. Bosetti, R. Ceravolo, A. Rocchi, G. Tognoni, M. Manca, G. Solaini, G. Siciliano and L. Murri	2003	Decreased platelet cytochrome c oxidase activity is accompanied by increased blood lactate concentration during exercise in patients with Alzheimer disease		Experimental neurology			182		2	421-6						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Decreased platelet cytochrome c oxidase activity is accompanied by increased blood lactate concentration during exercise in patients with Alzheimer disease								Pubmed 12895452						CN-00439768				Increasing evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in the central nervous system as well as in the peripheral tissues from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. We have recently shown that mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity is significantly reduced in brain and platelets from AD patients compared to controls. In the present study we investigated whether impaired COX activity could have functional consequences on energy metabolism. Blood lactate concentration was monitored at rest and during incremental exercise in 22 AD patients in whom COX activity in platelets was decreased compared to controls (35.7 +/- 11.4 vs 48.4 +/- 1.4 nmol/min/mg, P < 0.01). In both resting and exercising conditions, blood lactate was significantly higher in AD patients than in controls. Although the magnitude of exercise-related lactate accumulation was not different between the two groups, an anticipated anaerobic lactate threshold during the incremental forearm exercise was found in AD patients (50% of maximal voluntary contraction MVC compared to 60% in controls). COX activity was inversely related to lactate at a significant level for resting condition (r = -0.65) and borderline for anaerobic threshold exercise level. These results support the hypothesis of a systemic impairment of the mitochondrial function in AD and indicate that decreased COX activity could have functional consequences on metabolism.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/768/CN-00439768/frame.html										
S. Mann, M. Craig, D. Melville, V. Balasubramanian and E. Raftery	1979	Physical activity and the circadian rhythm of blood pressure		Clinical science (London, England : 1979)			57 Suppl 5			291s-294s						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Physical activity and the circadian rhythm of blood pressure								Pubmed 540445						CN-00022400				1. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was carried out in 10 subjects for a period of 48 h, the first or second 24 h part of which was selected randomly to be a period of complete bed rest. 2. Heart rate was significantly lower throughout the period of bed rest except for the period 04.00-08.00 hours, when there was little difference. 3. The circadian variation of blood pressure was reduced during the day of bed rest but this was mainly due to higher night-time pressures.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/400/CN-00022400/frame.html										
P. J. Manns and E. Baldwin	2009	Ambulatory activity of stroke survivors: measurement options for dose, intensity, and variability of activity		Stroke			40		3	864-7					Mar	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Ambulatory activity of stroke survivors: measurement options for dose, intensity, and variability of activity	Stroke	1524-4628												19150867				BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Walking activity is an important part of exercise prescription for stroke survivors. The purpose of this study was to: (1) compare ambulatory activity parameters in subacute stroke survivors over three time periods; and (2) discuss options for measurement of ambulatory activity data with respect to absolute activity, intensity of activity, and variability and pattern of activity.
METHODS: Ten subacute stroke survivors participated (mean+/-SD; age: 66+/-15 years; time from stroke to discharge: 75+/-31 days). Data collection was completed across three time periods, predischarge, 2 weeks postdischarge, and 6 weeks postdischarge. The Step Activity Monitor (Cyma Corporation) was used to measure daily activity parameters. Parameters representing dose, intensity, and variability/pattern of activity were determined using MatLab.
RESULTS: Minutes of activity and length of activity bouts significantly increased from predischarge to 6 weeks postdischarge (P=0.030).
CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of a variety of ambulatory activity parameters may aid clinicians and stroke survivors to determine whether exercise recommendations are being met with daily activity.	Manns, Patricia J
Baldwin, Evan		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19150867http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19150867&id=doi:10.1161%2FSTROKEAHA.108.531590&issn=0039-2499&volume=40&issue=3&spage=864&pages=864-7&date=2009&title=Stroke&atitle=Ambulatory+activity+of+stroke+survivors%3A+measurement+options+for+dose%2C+intensity%2C+and+variability+of+activity.&aulast=Manns&pid=%3Cauthor%3EManns+PJ%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19150867%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. trish.manns@ualberta.ca						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

P. J. Manns, C. R. Tomczak, A. Jelani, M. E. Cress and R. Haennel	2009	Use of the continuous scale physical functional performance test in stroke survivors		Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation			90		3	488-93					Mar	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Use of the continuous scale physical functional performance test in stroke survivors	Arch Phys Med Rehabil	1532-821X												19254616				OBJECTIVE: To (1) determine the feasibility of the continuous scale physical functional performance 10-item test (CS-PFP10) for the measurement of physical function in stroke survivors, (2) characterize physical functional performance of stroke survivors and their matched controls, and (3) explore the associations among physical functional performance, ambulatory activity, and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak).
DESIGN: Case control.
SETTING: University research setting.
PARTICIPANTS: Ten participants with stroke and 10 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and physical activity.
INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The CS-PFP10 test was used to measure functional ability. The test requires performance of 10 serial tasks that range from low to high difficulty. The step activity monitor was used to measure absolute ambulatory activity and was reported as the average number of steps a day over a 4-day period. VO2peak was determined using a metabolic cart and a recumbent cycle ergometer.
RESULTS: Stroke survivors scored lower than healthy controls on all individual tasks, domains, and the total score on the CS-PFP10. Higher VO2peak was associated with higher total scores on the CS-PFP10 in both stroke survivors and controls. In stroke survivors, lower levels of impairment (as indicated by the Chedoke-McMaster stroke assessment) were associated with higher total CS-PFP10 scores.
CONCLUSIONS: The CS-PFP10 is a measure of physical performance that is feasible to use with ambulatory participants with stroke. Future investigations with people with stroke should explore the ability of the CS-PFP10 to provide meaningful information about change in CS-PFP10 subscales with interventions that target items on the subscales, such as balance or upper extremity strength.	Manns, Patricia J
Tomczak, Corey R
Jelani, Anwar
Cress, M Elaine
Haennel, Robert		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19254616http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19254616&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.apmr.2008.08.219&issn=0003-9993&volume=90&issue=3&spage=488&pages=488-93&date=2009&title=Archives+of+Physical+Medicine+%26+Rehabilitation&atitle=Use+of+the+continuous+scale+physical+functional+performance+test+in+stroke+survivors.&aulast=Manns&pid=%3Cauthor%3EManns+PJ%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19254616%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. trish.manns@ualberta.ca						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

P. J. Manns, C. R. Tomczak, A. Jelani and R. G. Haennel	2010	Oxygen uptake kinetics: associations with ambulatory activity and physical functional performance in stroke survivors		Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine			42		3	259-64					Mar	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Oxygen uptake kinetics: associations with ambulatory activity and physical functional performance in stroke survivors	J Rehabil Med	1651-2081												20411222				OBJECTIVE: To explore the associations amongst the on-and-off kinetics time constants, ambulatory activity outcomes, and physical functional performance in stroke survivors.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional, case control study.
SUBJECTS: Ten stroke survivors (time since stroke: mean 7.5 years (standard deviation 8.3); gender: 4 males, 6 females) and 10 control subjects matched for age and physical activity level.
METHODS: Oxygen uptake kinetics (on-and-off kinetics) were measured using a submaximal exercise test with a recumbent cycle. The continuous-scale physical functional performance test was used to measure functional ability. Ambulatory activity outcomes including steps per day, number of activity bouts and length of activity bouts were measured using a Step Activity Monitor. Results and conclusion: Shorter activity bouts were significantly associated with longer off-kinetics time constants in stroke survivors (or longer time to recover from an exercise bout). Future research may test the effect of activity interventions designed to increase the length of activity bouts on-kinetics outcomes and functional ability.	Manns, Patricia J
Tomczak, Corey R
Jelani, Anwar
Haennel, Robert G		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=20411222http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:20411222&id=doi:10.2340%2F16501977-0498&issn=1650-1977&volume=42&issue=3&spage=259&pages=259-64&date=2010&title=Journal+of+Rehabilitation+Medicine&atitle=Oxygen+uptake+kinetics%3A+associations+with+ambulatory+activity+and+physical+functional+performance+in+stroke+survivors.&aulast=Manns&pid=%3Cauthor%3EManns+PJ%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E20411222%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. trish.manns@ualberta.ca						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. Manohar, J. Levine, D. Nandy, A. Saad, M. C. Dalla, S. McCrady-Spitzer, R. Basu, C. Cobelli, R. Carter, A. Basu and Y. Kudva	2012	The effect of walking on postprandial glycemic excursion in patients with type 1 diabetes and healthy people		Diabetes care			35		12	2493-9						Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		The effect of walking on postprandial glycemic excursion in patients with type 1 diabetes and healthy people								Pubmed 22875231						CN-00864718				OBJECTIVE: Physical activity (PA), even at low intensity, promotes health and improves hyperglycemia. However, the effect of low-intensity PA captured with accelerometery on glucose variability in healthy individuals and patients with type 1 diabetes has not been examined. Quantifying the effects of PA on glycemic variability would improve artificial endocrine pancreas (AEP) algorithms. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied 12 healthy control subjects (five males, 37.7 ± 13.7 years of age) and 12 patients with type 1 diabetes (five males, 37.4 ± 14.2 years of age) for 88 h. Participants performed PA approximating a threefold increase over their basal metabolic rate. PA was captured using a PA-monitoring system, and interstitial fluid glucose concentrations were captured with continuous glucose monitors. In random order, one meal per day was followed by inactivity, and the other meals were followed by walking. Glucose and PA data for a total of 216 meals were analyzed from 30 min prior to meal ingestion to 270 min postmeal. RESULTS: In healthy subjects, the incremental glucose area under the curve was 4.5 mmol/L/270 min for meals followed by walking, whereas it was 9.6 mmol/L/270 min (P = 0.022) for meals followed by inactivity. The corresponding glucose excursions for those with type 1 diabetes were 7.5 mmol/L/270 min and 18.4 mmol/L/270 min, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Walking significantly impacts postprandial glucose excursions in healthy populations and in those with type 1 diabetes. AEP algorithms incorporating PA may enhance tight glycemic control end points.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/718/CN-00864718/frame.html										
J. Mant, R. J. McManus, R. A. Oakes, B. C. Delaney, P. M. Barton, J. J. Deeks, L. Hammersley, R. C. Davies, M. K. Davies and F. D. Hobbs	2004	Systematic review and modelling of the investigation of acute and chronic chest pain presenting in primary care		Health Technology Assessment (Winchester, England)			8		2	iii, 1-158					Feb	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review		Systematic review and modelling of the investigation of acute and chronic chest pain presenting in primary care	Health Technol Assess	1366-5278												14754562				OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the value of a range of methods - including clinical features, resting and exercise electrocardiography, and rapid access chest pain clinics (RACPCs) - used in the diagnosis and early management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), suspected acute myocardial infarction (MI), and exertional angina.
DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library and electronic abstracts of recent cardiological conferences.
REVIEW METHODS: Searches identified studies that considered patients with acute chest pain with data on the diagnostic value of clinical features or an electrocardiogram (ECG); patients with chronic chest pain with data on the diagnostic value of resting or exercise ECG or the effect of a RACPC. Likelihood ratios (LRs) were calculated for each study, and pooled LRs were generated with 95% confidence intervals. A Monte Carlo simulation was performed evaluating different assessment strategies for suspected ACS, and a discrete event simulation evaluated models for the assessment of suspected exertional angina.
RESULTS: For acute chest pain, no clinical features in isolation were useful in ruling in or excluding an ACS, although the most helpful clinical features were pleuritic pain (LR+ 0.19) and pain on palpation (LR+ 0.23). ST elevation was the most effective ECG feature for determining MI (with LR+ 13.1) and a completely normal ECG was reasonably useful at ruling this out (LR+ 0.14). Results from 'black box' studies of clinical interpretation of ECGs found very high specificity, but low sensitivity. In the simulation exercise of management strategies for suspected ACS, the point of care testing with troponins was cost-effective. Pre-hospital thrombolysis on the basis of ambulance telemetry was more effective but more costly than if performed in hospital. In cases of chronic chest pain, resting ECG features were not found to be very useful (presence of Q-waves had LR+ 2.56). For an exercise ECG, ST depression performed only moderately well (LR+ 2.79 for a 1 mm cutoff), although this did improve for a 2 mm cutoff (LR+ 3.85). Other methods of interpreting the exercise ECG did not result in dramatic improvements in these results. Weak evidence was found to suggest that RACPCs may be associated with reduced admission to hospital of patients with non-cardiac pain, better recognition of ACS, earlier specialist assessment of exertional angina and earlier diagnosis of non-cardiac chest pain. In a simulation exercise of models of care for investigation of suspected exertional angina, RACPCs were predicted to result in earlier diagnosis of both confirmed coronary heart disease (CHD) and non-cardiac chest pain than models of care based around open access exercise tests or routine cardiology outpatients, but they were more expensive. The benefits of RACPCs disappeared if waiting times for further investigation (e.g. angiography) were long (6 months).
CONCLUSIONS: Where an ACS is suspected, emergency referral is justified. ECG interpretation in acute chest pain can be highly specific for diagnosing MI. Point of care testing with troponins is cost-effective in the triaging of patients with suspected ACS. Resting ECG and exercise ECG are of only limited value in the diagnosis of CHD. The potential advantages of RACPCs are lost if there are long waiting times for further investigation. Recommendations for further research include the following: determining the most appropriate model of care to ensure accurate triaging of patients with suspected ACS; establishing the cost-effectiveness of pre-hospital thrombolysis in rural areas; determining the relative cost-effectiveness of rapid access chest pain clinics compared with other innovative models of care; investigating how rapid access chest pain clinics should be managed; and establishing the long-term outcome of patients discharged from RACPCs. [References: 244]	Mant, J
McManus, R J
Oakes, R A L
Delaney, B C
Barton, P M
Deeks, J J
Hammersley, L
Davies, R C
Davies, M K
Hobbs, F D R		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=14754562http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:14754562&id=doi:&issn=1366-5278&volume=8&issue=2&spage=iii&pages=iii%2C+1-158&date=2004&title=Health+Technology+Assessment+%28Winchester%2C+England%29&atitle=Systematic+review+and+modelling+of+the+investigation+of+acute+and+chronic+chest+pain+presenting+in+primary+care.&aulast=Mant&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMant+J%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E14754562%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Primary Care and General Practice, University of Birmingham, UK.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

A. Maran, P. Pavan, B. Bonsembiante, E. Brugin, A. Ermolao, A. Avogaro and M. Zaccaria	2010	Continuous glucose monitoring reveals delayed nocturnal hypoglycemia after intermittent high-intensity exercise in nontrained patients with type 1 diabetes		Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics			12		10	763-8					Oct	Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial		Continuous glucose monitoring reveals delayed nocturnal hypoglycemia after intermittent high-intensity exercise in nontrained patients with type 1 diabetes	Diabetes Technol Ther	1557-8593												20807120				OBJECTIVE: Exercise is a cornerstone of diabetes therapy in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DMT1) patients. The type of exercise is important in determining the propensity to hypoglycemia. We assessed, by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), the glucose profiles during and in the following 20h after a session of two different types of exercise.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Eight male volunteers with well-controlled DMT1 were studied. They underwent 30min of both intermittent high-intensity exercise (IHE) and moderate-intensity exercise (MOD) in random order. Expired air was recorded during exercise, while metabolic and hormonal determinations were performed before and for 120 min after exercises. The CGM system and activity monitor were applied for the subsequent 20h.
RESULTS: Blood glucose level declined during both type of exercise. At 150 min following the start of exercise, plasma glucose content was slightly higher after IHE. No changes were observed in plasma insulin concentration. A significant increase of norepinephrine concentration was noticed during IHE. Between midnight and 6:00 a.m. the glucose levels were significantly lower after IHE than those observed after MOD (area under the curve, 23.3 + 3 vs. 16 + 3 mg/dL/420 min [P = 0.04]; mean glycemia at 3 a.m., 225 + 31 vs. 147 + 17 mg/dL [P<0.05]). The number of hypoglycemic episodes after IHE was higher than that observed after MOD (seven vs. two [P<0.05]).
CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that (1) CGM is a useful approach in DMT1 patients who undergo an exercise program and (2) IHE is associated with delayed nocturnal hypoglycemia.	Maran, Alberto
Pavan, Paola
Bonsembiante, Barbara
Brugin, Erica
Ermolao, Andrea
Avogaro, Angelo
Zaccaria, Marco		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=20807120http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:20807120&id=doi:10.1089%2Fdia.2010.0038&issn=1520-9156&volume=12&issue=10&spage=763&pages=763-8&date=2010&title=Diabetes+Technology+%26+Therapeutics&atitle=Continuous+glucose+monitoring+reveals+delayed+nocturnal+hypoglycemia+after+intermittent+high-intensity+exercise+in+nontrained+patients+with+type+1+diabetes.&aulast=Maran&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMaran+A%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E20807120%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

A. Maran, P. Pavan, B. Bonsembiante, E. Brugin, A. Ermolao, A. Avogaro and M. Zaccaria	2010	Continuous glucose monitoring reveals delayed nocturnal hypoglycemia after intermittent high-intensity exercise in nontrained patients with type 1 diabetes		Diabetes technology & therapeutics			12		10	763-8						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Continuous glucose monitoring reveals delayed nocturnal hypoglycemia after intermittent high-intensity exercise in nontrained patients with type 1 diabetes								Pubmed 20807120						CN-00768996				OBJECTIVE: Exercise is a cornerstone of diabetes therapy in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DMT1) patients. The type of exercise is important in determining the propensity to hypoglycemia. We assessed, by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), the glucose profiles during and in the following 20h after a session of two different types of exercise. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Eight male volunteers with well-controlled DMT1 were studied. They underwent 30min of both intermittent high-intensity exercise (IHE) and moderate-intensity exercise (MOD) in random order. Expired air was recorded during exercise, while metabolic and hormonal determinations were performed before and for 120 min after exercises. The CGM system and activity monitor were applied for the subsequent 20h. RESULTS: Blood glucose level declined during both type of exercise. At 150 min following the start of exercise, plasma glucose content was slightly higher after IHE. No changes were observed in plasma insulin concentration. A significant increase of norepinephrine concentration was noticed during IHE. Between midnight and 6:00 a.m. the glucose levels were significantly lower after IHE than those observed after MOD (area under the curve, 23.3 ± 3 vs. 16 ± 3 mg/dL/420 min [P = 0.04]; mean glycemia at 3 a.m., 225 ± 31 vs. 147 ± 17 mg/dL [P<0.05]). The number of hypoglycemic episodes after IHE was higher than that observed after MOD (seven vs. two [P<0.05]). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that (1) CGM is a useful approach in DMT1 patients who undergo an exercise program and (2) IHE is associated with delayed nocturnal hypoglycemia.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/996/CN-00768996/frame.html										
B. H. Marcus, B. A. Lewis, D. M. Williams, J. A. Whiteley, A. E. Albrecht, J. M. Jakicic, A. F. Parisi, J. W. Hogan, M. A. Napolitano and B. C. Bock	2007	Step into Motion: a randomized trial examining the relative efficacy of Internet vs. print-based physical activity interventions		Contemporary Clinical Trials			28		6	737-47					Nov	Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Step into Motion: a randomized trial examining the relative efficacy of Internet vs. print-based physical activity interventions	Contemp Clin Trials	1551-7144												17616486				Over two-thirds of Americans access the Internet and therefore, the Internet may be an important channel for reaching the large population of sedentary individuals. The purpose of this paper is to describe the methods for a randomized controlled trial examining the efficacy of an Internet-based physical activity intervention relative to a print intervention that has been shown to be effective in previous trials. Specifically, 249 sedentary participants were randomized to receive one of three interventions: 1) Internet-based motivationally-tailored individualized feedback (Tailored Internet); 2) print-based motivationally-tailored individualized feedback (Tailored Print); or 3) physical activity websites currently available to the public (Standard Internet). Participants completed the 7-Day Physical Activity Recall interview, wore an objective physical activity monitor (i.e., ActiGraph), and participated in a treadmill fitness test at baseline, 6, and 12 months. The sample consisted of mostly women (84.2%) and Caucasian individuals (76.4%) who reported exercising an average of 21 min per week at baseline. This is the first study that we are aware of, that has examined the efficacy of a tailored Internet-based physical activity intervention. This study will have implications for the dissemination of Internet-based physical activity interventions.	Marcus, Bess H
Lewis, Beth A
Williams, David M
Whiteley, Jessica A
Albrecht, Anna E
Jakicic, John M
Parisi, Alfred F
Hogan, Joseph W
Napolitano, Melissa A
Bock, Beth C
HL69866 (United States NHLBI NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17616486http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:17616486&id=doi:&issn=1551-7144&volume=28&issue=6&spage=737&pages=737-47&date=2007&title=Contemporary+Clinical+Trials&atitle=Step+into+Motion%3A+a+randomized+trial+examining+the+relative+efficacy+of+Internet+vs.+print-based+physical+activity+interventions.&aulast=Marcus&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMarcus+BH%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E17616486%3C%2FAN%3E		The Miriam Hospital and Brown Medical School, Providence, RI 02903, USA. bmarcus@lifespan.org						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

B. Marcus, B. Lewis, D. Williams, J. Whiteley, A. Albrecht, J. Jakicic, A. Parisi, J. Hogan, M. Napolitano and B. Bock	2007	Step into Motion: a randomized trial examining the relative efficacy of Internet vs. print-based physical activity interventions		Contemporary clinical trials			28		6	737-47						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Step into Motion: a randomized trial examining the relative efficacy of Internet vs. print-based physical activity interventions								Pubmed 17616486						CN-00618453				Over two-thirds of Americans access the Internet and therefore, the Internet may be an important channel for reaching the large population of sedentary individuals. The purpose of this paper is to describe the methods for a randomized controlled trial examining the efficacy of an Internet-based physical activity intervention relative to a print intervention that has been shown to be effective in previous trials. Specifically, 249 sedentary participants were randomized to receive one of three interventions: 1) Internet-based motivationally-tailored individualized feedback (Tailored Internet); 2) print-based motivationally-tailored individualized feedback (Tailored Print); or 3) physical activity websites currently available to the public (Standard Internet). Participants completed the 7-Day Physical Activity Recall interview, wore an objective physical activity monitor (i.e., ActiGraph), and participated in a treadmill fitness test at baseline, 6, and 12 months. The sample consisted of mostly women (84.2%) and Caucasian individuals (76.4%) who reported exercising an average of 21 min per week at baseline. This is the first study that we are aware of, that has examined the efficacy of a tailored Internet-based physical activity intervention. This study will have implications for the dissemination of Internet-based physical activity interventions.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/453/CN-00618453/frame.html										
I. Margaritis, A. Rousseau, J. Marini and A. Chopard	2009	Does antioxidant system adaptive response alleviate related oxidative damage with long term bed rest?		Clinical biochemistry			42		4-5	371-9						Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Does antioxidant system adaptive response alleviate related oxidative damage with long term bed rest?								Pubmed 19059391						CN-00734073				OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evidence oxidative damage and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities during long term bed rest (LTBR) and recovery, while verifying the prophylactic effects of resistance exercise on LTBR-induced oxidative damage. DESIGN AND METHODS: 11 healthy male participated in the study. Nutrient intakes were monitored. Assessments occurred during LTBR (60th and 90th day) and 90 days after the end. RESULTS: LTBR induced only a slight decrease in total thiol protein (SH) group concentrations. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was upregulated during LTBR and down regulated after recovery suggesting that hypokinesia induces an oxidative stress. These effects where not correlated to antioxidant intake as nutritional density is preserved. Lipoperoxidative markers stay unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise alleviates hypokinesia outcomes by preserving glutathione reductase activity with minor effect on hypokinesia-induced antioxidant response and oxidative stress which both exhibit a high magnitude inter-individual variability. Return to initial physical activity allows biomarkers to return to initial values marking the end of the stress. Hypokinetic situations should be considered as an oxidative stressful situation requiring exercise and nutritional strategies.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/073/CN-00734073/frame.html										
B. Mariani, M. C. Jimenez, F. J. Vingerhoets and K. Aminian	2013	On-shoe wearable sensors for gait and turning assessment of patients with Parkinson's disease		IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering			60		1	155-8					Jan			On-shoe wearable sensors for gait and turning assessment of patients with Parkinson's disease	IEEE Trans Biomed Eng	1558-2531												23268531				Assessment of locomotion through simple tests such as timed up and go (TUG) or walking trials can provide valuable information for the evaluation of treatment and the early diagnosis of people with Parkinson's disease (PD). Common methods used in clinics are either based on complex motion laboratory settings or simple timing outcomes using stop watches. The goal of this paper is to present an innovative technology based on wearable sensors on-shoe and processing algorithm, which provides outcome measures characterizing PD motor symptoms during TUG and gait tests. Our results on ten PD patients and ten age-matched elderly subjects indicate an accuracy + precision of 2.8 + 2.4 cm/s and 1.3 + 3.0 cm for stride velocity and stride length estimation compared to optical motion capture, with the advantage of being practical to use in home or clinics without any discomfort for the subject. In addition, the use of novel spatio-temporal parameters, including turning, swing width, path length, and their intercycle variability, was also validated and showed interesting tendencies for discriminating patients in ON and OFF states and control subjects.	Mariani, Benoit
Jimenez, Mayte Castro
Vingerhoets, Francois J G
Aminian, Kamiar		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23268531http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23268531&id=doi:10.1109%2FTBME.2012.2227317&issn=0018-9294&volume=60&issue=1&spage=155&pages=155-8&date=2013&title=IEEE+Transactions+on+Biomedical+Engineering&atitle=On-shoe+wearable+sensors+for+gait+and+turning+assessment+of+patients+with+Parkinson%27s+disease.&aulast=Mariani&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMariani+B%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23268531%3C%2FAN%3E		Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. benoit.mariani@epfl.ch						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

O. Maric, B. Zörner and V. Dietz	2008	Levodopa therapy in incomplete spinal cord injury		Journal of neurotrauma			25		11	1303-7						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Levodopa therapy in incomplete spinal cord injury								Pubmed 19061374						CN-00667066				We studied the influence of levodopa (L-Dopa) on training effects in subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI). A low-dose of L-Dopa per day is known to enhance the effects of physical training after stroke. This is tested here in subjects suffering a SCI. Twelve subacute, incomplete SCI (iSCI) subjects (ASIA C and D) were randomized in a trial with a double-blind, crossover design to receive 6 weeks of L-Dopa (200 mg), followed by 6 weeks of placebo, or vice versa. Outcome measures were ASIA Motor-Score (AMS) reflecting motor recovery; walking ability, assessed by the Walking Index of Spinal Cord Injury (WISCI); and Activities of Daily Living (ADL), as monitored by the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM). Both placebo and L-Dopa, in combination with physiotherapy, produced a significant motor recovery after SCI. The combination of L-Dopa and physiotherapy had no greater effect on the outcome than placebo and physiotherapy. The possible reasons for the different effect of L-Dopa in stroke and iSCI subjects are discussed.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/066/CN-00667066/frame.html										
O. Maric, B. Zorner and V. Dietz	2008	Short communication: Levodopa therapy in incomplete spinal cord injury		Journal of neurotrauma			25		11	1303-7						Journal: Article		Short communication: Levodopa therapy in incomplete spinal cord injury														CN-00753492				We studied the influence of levodopa (L-Dopa) on training effects in subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI). A low-dose of L-Dopa per day is known to enhance the effects of physical training after stroke. This is tested here in subjects suffering a SCI. Twelve subacute, incomplete SCI (iSCI) subjects (ASIA C and D) were randomized in a trial with a double-blind, crossover design to receive 6 weeks of L-Dopa (200 mg), followed by 6 weeks of placebo, or vice versa. Outcome measures were ASIA Motor-Score (AMS) reflecting motor recovery; walking ability, assessed by the Walking Index of Spinal Cord Injury (WISCI); and Activities of Daily Living (ADL), as monitored by the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM). Both placebo and L-Dopa, in combination with physiotherapy, produced a significant motor recovery after SCI. The combination of L-Dopa and physiotherapy had no greater effect on the outcome than placebo and physiotherapy. The possible reasons for the different effect of L-Dopa in stroke and iSCI subjects are discussed. 2008 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2008.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/492/CN-00753492/frame.html										
J. Maring	1990	Effects of mental practice on rate of skill acquisition		Physical therapy			70		3	165-72						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Effects of mental practice on rate of skill acquisition								Pubmed 2304974						CN-00065786				The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mental practice in increasing the rate of skill acquisition during a novel motor task. Twenty-six subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. The Control Group (n = 13) performed only physical practice; the Experimental Group (n = 13) performed both mental and physical practice. The task was to toss, by flexing the elbow, a Ping-Pong ball held in a cup on a forearm splint to a target. The biceps brachii muscle and the long and lateral heads of the triceps brachii muscle were monitored electromyographically to determine any changes occurring during skill acquisition. The Experimental Group's accuracy improved at a significantly greater rate than that of the Control Group. In addition, the Experimental Group demonstrated changes in timing variables that led to a more efficient movement. These changes included a decrease in time from the onset of muscle activity to peak activity and an increase in the time elapsed from the onset of agonist contraction to the onset of antagonist contraction. These results suggest that mental practice may be an important tool in facilitating the acquisition of a new motor skill.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/786/CN-00065786/frame.html										
P. Markos	1979	Ipsilateral and contralateral effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques on hip motion and electromyographic activity		Physical therapy			59		11	1366-73						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Ipsilateral and contralateral effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques on hip motion and electromyographic activity								Pubmed 493351						CN-00021367				The effects of two proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques on increasing the range of hip flexion during active straight leg raising were compared in 30 normal women. Subjects were randomly assigned into contract-relax, hold-relax, or control groups and were tested with the pelvis stabilized. An exercise technique was applied to the right lower extremity in two diagonal patterns while electrical activity was monitored from the contralateral rectus femoris, vastus medialis, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris muscles. Comparison of pretest and posttest measurements of the angle of straight leg raising of both lower extremities indicated that the increase in range of motion of the right lower extremity in subjects in the contract-relax group was significantly greater than that in the hold-relax and control groups. For the unexercised extremity, the increase in motion in subjects in the contract-relax group was significantly greater than that in the control group. Of the 30 subjects, 29 showed evidence of electrical activity in the contralateral limb when the right lower extremity was contracting against resistance.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/367/CN-00021367/frame.html										
K. Marquis, F. Maltais, Y. Lacasse, Y. Lacourciere, C. Fortin and P. Poirier	2008	Effects of aerobic exercise training and irbesartan on blood pressure and heart rate variability in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. [French]		Canadian Respiratory Journal			15		7	355-60						Journal: Article		Effects of aerobic exercise training and irbesartan on blood pressure and heart rate variability in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. [French]														CN-00802811				Background and objectives: The present pilot study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of an aerobic exercise training (AET) program alone or combined with an antihypertensive agent (irbesartan) to reduce blood pressure (BP) and enhance heart rate variability (HRV) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Methods: Twenty-one patients were randomly assigned to a double-blind treatment with exercise and placebo (n=11) or exercise and irbesartan (n=10). Subjects underwent 24 h BP monitoring and 24 h electrocardiographic recording before and after the 12-week AET. HRV was investigated using three indexes from the power spectral analysis and three indexes calculated from the time domain. The AET program consisted of exercising on a calibrated ergocycle for 30 min three times per week. Five patients in the placebo group were excluded during follow-up because they were not compliant. Results: There was no change in 24 h systolic and diastolic BP before (130+14 mmHg and 70+3 mmHg, respectively) and after (128+8 mmHg and 70+8 mmHg, respectively) exercise training in the placebo group, whereas in the irbesartan group systolic and diastolic BP decreased from 135+9 mmHg and 76+9 mmHg to 126+12 mmHg and 72+8 mmHg, respectively (P<0.02). There were no changes in HRV parameters in either group. Conclusions: The present study suggests that a 12-week AET program is not associated with a significant reduction in BP or enhancement in HRV, whereas an AET program combined with irbesartan is associated with a reduction in 24 h BP. 2008 Pulsus Group Inc. All rights reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/811/CN-00802811/frame.html										
A. Marsh, L. Lovato, N. Glynn, K. Kennedy, C. Castro, K. Domanchuk, E. McDavitt, R. Rodate, M. Marsiske, J. McGloin, E. Groessl, M. Pahor and J. Guralnik	2013	Lifestyle interventions and independence for elders study: recruitment and baseline characteristics		Journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences			68		12	1549-58						Journal: Article		Lifestyle interventions and independence for elders study: recruitment and baseline characteristics								Pubmed 23716501						CN-00960465				BACKGROUND: Recruitment of older adults into long-term clinical trials involving behavioral interventions is a significant challenge. The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study is a Phase 3 multicenter randomized controlled multisite trial, designed to compare the effects of a moderate-intensity physical activity program with a successful aging health education program on the incidence of major mobility disability (the inability to walk 400 m) in sedentary adults aged 70-89 years, who were at high risk for mobility disability (scoring ? 9 on the Short Physical Performance Battery) at baseline. METHODS: Recruitment methods, yields, efficiency, and costs are described together with a summary of participant baseline characteristics. Yields were examined across levels of sex, race and ethnicity, and Short Physical Performance Battery, as well as by site. RESULTS: The 21-month recruiting period resulted in 14,812 telephone screens; 1,635 participants were randomized (67.2% women, 21.0% minorities, 44.7% with Short Physical Performance Battery scores ? 7). Of the telephone-screened participants, 37.6% were excluded primarily because of regular participation in physical activity, health exclusions, or self-reported mobility disability. Direct mailing was the most productive recruitment strategy (59.5% of randomized participants). Recruitment costs were $840 per randomized participant. Yields differed by sex and Short Physical Performance Battery. We accrued 11% more participant follow-up time than expected during the recruitment period as a result of the accelerated recruitment rate. CONCLUSIONS: The LIFE Study achieved all recruitment benchmarks. Bulk mailing is an efficient method for recruiting high-risk community-dwelling older persons (including minorities), from diverse geographic areas for this long-term behavioral trial.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/465/CN-00960465/frame.html										
A. L. Marshall, B. J. Smith, A. E. Bauman and S. Kaur	2005	Reliability and validity of a brief physical activity assessment for use by family doctors		British Journal of Sports Medicine			39		5	294-7; discussion 294-7					May	Evaluation Studies
Validation Studies		Reliability and validity of a brief physical activity assessment for use by family doctors	BJSM online	1473-0480					PMC1725203							15849294				OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability and validity of a brief physical activity assessment tool suitable for doctors to use to identify inactive patients in the primary care setting.
METHODS: Volunteer family doctors (n = 8) screened consenting patients (n = 75) for physical activity participation using a brief physical activity assessment tool. Inter-rater reliability was assessed within one week (n = 71). Validity was assessed against an objective physical activity monitor (computer science and applications accelerometer; n = 42).
RESULTS: The brief physical activity assessment tool produced repeatable estimates of "sufficient total physical activity", correctly classifying over 76% of cases (kappa 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.33 to 0.72). The validity coefficient was reasonable (kappa 0.40, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.69), with good percentage agreement (71%).
CONCLUSIONS: The brief physical activity assessment tool is a reliable instrument, with validity similar to that of more detailed self report measures of physical activity. It is a tool that can be used efficiently in routine primary healthcare services to identify insufficiently active patients who may need physical activity advice.	Marshall, A L
Smith, B J
Bauman, A E
Kaur, S		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15849294http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:15849294&id=doi:&issn=0306-3674&volume=39&issue=5&spage=294&pages=294-7%3B+discussion+294-7&date=2005&title=British+Journal+of+Sports+Medicine&atitle=Reliability+and+validity+of+a+brief+physical+activity+assessment+for+use+by+family+doctors.&aulast=Marshall&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMarshall+AL%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E15849294%3C%2FAN%3E		School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. alisonm@hms.uq.edu.au						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

A. L. Marshall, B. J. Smith, A. E. Bauman and S. Kaur	2005	Reliability and validity of a brief physical activity assessment for use by family doctors... including commentary by Bull F		British Journal of Sports Medicine			39		5	294-297								Reliability and validity of a brief physical activity assessment for use by family doctors... including commentary by Bull F		0306-3674												2005097511. Language: English. Entry Date: 20050617. Revision Date: 20091218. Publication Type: journal article				OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability and validity of a brief physical activity assessment tool suitable for doctors to use to identify inactive patients in the primary care setting. METHODS: Volunteer family doctors (n = 8) screened consenting patients (n = 75) for physical activity participation using a brief physical activity assessment tool. Inter-rater reliability was assessed within one week (n = 71). Validity was assessed against an objective physical activity monitor (computer science and applications accelerometer; n = 42). RESULTS: The brief physical activity assessment tool produced repeatable estimates of "sufficient total physical activity", correctly classifying over 76% of cases (kappa 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.33 to 0.72). The validity coefficient was reasonable (kappa 0.40, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.69), with good percentage agreement (71%). CONCLUSIONS: The brief physical activity assessment tool is a reliable instrument, with validity similar to that of more detailed self report measures of physical activity. It is a tool that can be used efficiently in routine primary healthcare services to identify insufficiently active patients who may need physical activity advice.	commentary; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Online/Print; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. Special Interest: Physical Therapy; Sports Medicine. No. of Refs: 10 ref. NLM UID: 0432520. Email: alisonm@hms.uq.edu.au.
PMID: 15849294		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2005097511&site=ehost-live		School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia						rzh	EBSCOhost	
A. Marshall	2007	Should all steps count when using a pedometer as a measure of physical activity in older adults?		Journal of physical activity & health			4		3	305-14						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Should all steps count when using a pedometer as a measure of physical activity in older adults?								Pubmed 17846459						CN-00612006				PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine if feedback on step counts from a pedometer encourages participants to increase walking. METHODS: Randomly recruited older adults (n = 105) were asked to wear a pedometer for 2 wk. Half the participants were asked to monitor and record daily step counts during week 1 (feedback), then seal the pedometer shut during week 2 (no feedback). Half completed the study in reverse order. Self-reported walking was assessed via telephone interviews. RESULTS: Significantly more steps were recorded per day (approximately 400 steps per day) when participants (n = 103, 63% women; mean BMI 25 +/- 4) monitored their daily step count [t(102) = -2.30, P = 0.02)] compared to the no feedback condition. There was no statistically significant difference in self-reported walking (P = 0.31) between feedback conditions. CONCLUSION: The difference in daily step counts observed between conditions, while statistically significant, may not be considered clinically significant. Further, the non-significant difference in self-reported walking between conditions suggests that feedback on daily step counts from a pedometer does not encourage participants to increase their walking.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/006/CN-00612006/frame.html										
J. Marshall, A. Wellstein, J. Rae, R. DeLap, K. Phipps, J. Hanfelt, M. Yunmbam, J. Sun, K. Duchin and M. Hawkins	1997	Phase I trial of orally administered pentosan polysulfate in patients with advanced cancer		Clinical cancer research			3		12 Pt 1	2347-54						Clinical Trial; Clinical Trial, Phase I; Controlled Clinical Trial; Multicenter Study; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Phase I trial of orally administered pentosan polysulfate in patients with advanced cancer								Pubmed 9815633						CN-00159000				Tumor angiogenesis is critically important to tumor growth and metastasis. We have shown that pentosan polysulfate (PPS) is an effective inhibitor of heparin-binding growth factors in vitro and can effectively inhibit the establishment and growth of tumors in nude mice. Following completion of our Phase I trial of s.c. administered PPS, we performed a Phase I trial of p.o. administered PPS in patients with advanced cancer to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and toxicity profile and to search for any evidence for biological activity in vivo. Patients diagnosed with advanced, incurable malignancies who met standard Phase I criteria and who did not have a history of bleeding complications were enrolled, in cohorts of three, to receive PPS p.o. t.i.d., at planned doses of 180, 270, 400, 600, and 800 mg/m2. Patients were monitored at least every 2 weeks with physical exams and weekly with hematological, chemistry, stool hemoccult, and coagulation blood studies, and serum and urine samples for PPS and basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF) levels were also taken. The PPS dose was escalated in an attempt to reach the MTD. Eight additional patients were enrolled at the highest dose to further characterize the toxicity profile and biological in vivo effects of PPS. A total of 21 patients were enrolled in the three cohorts of doses 180 (n = 4), 270 (n = 3), and 400 (n = 14) mg/m2. The most severe toxicities seen were grade 3 proctitis and grade 4 diarrhea; however, 20 of the 21 patients had evidence of grade 1 or 2 gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. These toxicities became evident at a much earlier time point as the dose was increased, but their severities were similar at all dose levels. There were no objective responses, although three patients had prolonged stabilization of previously progressing disease. Pharmacokinetic analysis suggested marked accumulation of PPS upon chronic administration. Serum and urine bFGF levels failed to show a consistent, interpretable pattern; however the data suggested an inverse relationship between PPS and bFGF levels in vivo. A MTD could not be determined using the daily t.i.d. dosing schedule due to the development of grade 3/4 GI toxicity (proctitis) at all dose levels studied. PPS, administered p.o. at doses of 400 mg/m2 t.i.d., did not cause significant systemic toxicity, but most patients developed moderate-to-severe GI toxicity within 1-2 months. The cause of the GI toxicity was unclear, but it was readily reversible upon cessation of the agent. The suggestion of an inverse relationship between PPS and bFGF supports further study of PPS as an antiangiogenic agent. The tested doses and schedule cannot be recommended for further study. Subsequent murine experiments showed PPS to be more effective as an anticancer agent when it is given intermittently. We propose a study of PPS given on a weekly schedule in further clinical trials.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/000/CN-00159000/frame.html										
B. Marti, E. Suter, W. Riesen, A. Tschopp, H. Wanner and F. Gutzwiller	1990	Effects of long-term, self-monitored exercise on the serum lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profile in middle-aged men		Atherosclerosis			81		1	19-31						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review		Effects of long-term, self-monitored exercise on the serum lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profile in middle-aged men								Pubmed 2407251						CN-00065916				To study the effects of long-term, self-monitored exercise on the serum lipid profile and body composition of middle-aged non-smoking males, a controlled study was conducted in 61 sedentary, middle-class Swiss men. Thirty-nine men were randomly allocated to jog 2 h/wk for 4 months on an individually prescribed, heart rate-controlled basis, whereas 22 men served as controls. Despite varying adherence to the exercise regimen, the following 4-month net changes (effect in exercise group minus effect in control group) in lipids were seen: HDL cholesterol (C) +0.12 mmol/l (95% CI 0.02, 0.22; P = 0.028), LDL-C +0.08 mmol/l (ns), VLDL-C -0.26 mmol/l (-0.45, -0.07; P = 0.009), total triglycerides (TT) -0.21 mmol/l (ns), HDL-C/total C +0.02 (0.001, 0.05; P = 0.047). The net changes in endurance capacity and resting heart rate in favour of exercisers were significant as well, whereas no significant changes in apolipoprotein levels were seen. Exploratory analyses revealed, for example, associations of the increase in total physical activity with an increase in the HDL-C/total C ratio (r = 0.46; P less than 0.001), and of the change in estimated body fat content with an opposed change in the HDL-C/total C ratio (r = -0.40; P less than 0.001), or an inverse relationship of the change in subcutaneous fat with a change in the HDL2-C level (r = -0.39; P less than 0.001). Multivariable regression analysis suggested that much of the effect of jogging on HDL-C was apparently mediated through a decrease in body fat content. A change in the waist/hip ratio was unrelated to lipoprotein changes but was related to the change of TT level (r = 0.22; P less than 0.05). This study confirms that individually prescribed, unsupervised jogging can increase HDL-C levels and improve the serum lipoprotein profile in self-selected nonsmoking males. Although the effect is modest, it may be relevant to preventive cardiology, given the evidence for a reduction in cardiovascular risk even after apparently small decreases in risk factor levels.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/916/CN-00065916/frame.html										
R. Martí, D. Parramon, L. García-Ortiz, F. Rigo, M. Gómez-Marcos, I. Sempere, N. García-Regalado, J. Recio-Rodriguez, C. Agudo-Conde, N. Feuerbach, M. Garcia-Gil, A. Ponjoan, M. Quesada and R. Ramos	2011	Improving interMediAte risk management. MARK study		BMC cardiovascular disorders			11			61						Clinical Trial; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Improving interMediAte risk management. MARK study								Pubmed 21992621						CN-00805280				BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular risk functions fail to identify more than 50% of patients who develop cardiovascular disease. This is especially evident in the intermediate-risk patients in which clinical management becomes difficult. Our purpose is to analyze if ankle-brachial index (ABI), measures of arterial stiffness, postprandial glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, self-measured blood pressure and presence of comorbidity are independently associated to incidence of vascular events and whether they can improve the predictive capacity of current risk equations in the intermediate-risk population. METHODS/DESIGN: This project involves 3 groups belonging to REDIAPP (RETICS RD06/0018) from 3 Spanish regions. We will recruit a multicenter cohort of 2688 patients at intermediate risk (coronary risk between 5 and 15% or vascular death risk between 3-5% over 10 years) and no history of atherosclerotic disease, selected at random. We will record socio-demographic data, information on diet, physical activity, comorbidity and intermittent claudication. We will measure ABI, pulse wave velocity and cardio ankle vascular index at rest and after a light intensity exercise. Blood pressure and anthropometric data will be also recorded. We will also quantify lipids, glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in a fasting blood sample and postprandial capillary glucose. Eighteen months after the recruitment, patients will be followed up to determine the incidence of vascular events (later follow-ups are planned at 5 and 10 years). We will analyze whether the new proposed risk factors contribute to improve the risk functions based on classic risk factors. DISCUSSION: Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases is a priority in public health policy of developed and developing countries. The fundamental strategy consists in identifying people in a high risk situation in which preventive measures are effective and efficient. Improvement of these predictions in our country will have an immediate, clinical and welfare impact and a short term public health effect. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT01428934.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/280/CN-00805280/frame.html										
D. Martinez-Gomez, S. Gomez-Martinez, J. Warnberg, G. J. Welk, A. Marcos and O. L. Veiga	2011	Convergent validity of a questionnaire for assessing physical activity in Spanish adolescents with overweight		Medicina Clinica			136		1	13-5					Jan 15	Evaluation Studies
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Convergent validity of a questionnaire for assessing physical activity in Spanish adolescents with overweight	Med Clin (Barc)	0025-7753												20701933				OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the convergent validity of the PAQ-A for assessing physical activity (PA) in overweight (including obese) adolescents.
MATERIAL AND METHOD: Two hundred and three Spanish adolescents (96 females), aged 13-17 years, were selected for this study. Levels of PA were self-reported by 3-day activity diary, activity rating and PAQ-A. Adolescents wore the ActiGraph accelerometer for 7 days. Overweight was classified according to International Obesity Task Force age- and sex-specific body mass index cut offs.
RESULTS: Fifty-four (33 male and 21 female) adolescents (27%) were classified as overweight or obese. The PAQ-A was moderately related in the overweight adolescent group to an activity rating (p=0.52), total PA and moderate-to-vigorous PA assessed by activity monitor (p=0.52 and 0.43) and total PA and moderate-to-vigorous PA assessed by activity diary (p=0.32 and 0.47). There were no significant differences in the correlation coefficients between non-overweight and overweight adolescents.
CONCLUSION: The PAQ-A shows a reasonable validity for assessing PA in Spanish overweight adolescents. Copyright A 2010 Elsevier Espana, S.L. All rights reserved.	Martinez-Gomez, David
Gomez-Martinez, Sonia
Warnberg, Julia
Welk, Gregory J
Marcos, Ascension
Veiga, Oscar L		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=20701933http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:20701933&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.medcli.2010.05.013&issn=0025-7753&volume=136&issue=1&spage=13&pages=13-5&date=2011&title=Medicina+Clinica&atitle=Convergent+validity+of+a+questionnaire+for+assessing+physical+activity+in+Spanish+adolescents+with+overweight.&aulast=Martinez-Gomez&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMartinez-Gomez+D%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E20701933%3C%2FAN%3E		Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute Frio-Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

D. Martinez-Gomez, J. Warnberg, G. J. Welk, M. Sjostrom, O. L. Veiga and A. Marcos	2010	Validity of the Bouchard activity diary in Spanish adolescents		Public Health Nutrition			13		2	261-8					Feb	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Validation Studies		Validity of the Bouchard activity diary in Spanish adolescents	Public Health Nutr	1475-2727												19758479				OBJECTIVE: Valid and simple instruments to assess physical activity (PA) in specific populations are required for health-related research. The aim of the present study was to assess the validity of the Bouchard activity diary (AD) in Spanish adolescents using an activity monitor to compare total PA and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) obtained by both instruments.
DESIGN: Sixty-one Spanish adolescents, aged 12-16 years, completed the Bouchard AD and wore the ActiGraph activity monitor for three consecutive days. Validity was assessed with the Spearman correlation coefficient (rho), the Bland-Altman method and the kappa coefficient.
RESULTS: Thirty-seven adolescents were included in the final analysis. Correlations between the activity monitor and the AD administered over the three days (Thursday-Saturday) were moderate (rho = 0.33-0.35, P < 0.05) or non-significant for total PA and moderate (rho = 0.36, P < 0.05) for MVPA. Correlations between the two methods were progressively lower for each subsequent day of testing, for both total PA and MVPA. The Bland-Altman plot illustrated that the Bouchard AD overestimated MVPA (mean difference -32.05 (sd 74.56) min; 95 % limits of agreement 109.61, -173.31 min). Agreements for classification into MVPA tertiles and accordance with the international recommendations of MVPA were fair and moderate, respectively, for the 3 d means.
CONCLUSIONS: The Bouchard AD has reasonable validity to assess total PA and MVPA in Spanish adolescents. The results show lower levels of agreement on the third day but it is not clear if this is due to design features (weekday v. weekend) or to participant compliance with the survey or the activity monitoring protocol.	Martinez-Gomez, David
Warnberg, Julia
Welk, Gregory J
Sjostrom, Michael
Veiga, Oscar L
Marcos, Ascension		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=19758479http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19758479&id=doi:10.1017%2FS1368980009990681&issn=1368-9800&volume=13&issue=2&spage=261&pages=261-8&date=2010&title=Public+Health+Nutrition&atitle=Validity+of+the+Bouchard+activity+diary+in+Spanish+adolescents.&aulast=Martinez-Gomez&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMartinez-Gomez+D%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19758479%3C%2FAN%3E		Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Instituto del Frio, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Calle Jose Antonio Novais 10, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

U. Martinowitz, A. Shapiro, D. Quon, M. Escobar, C. Kempton, P. Collins, P. Chowdary, M. Makris, P. Mannucci, M. Morfini, L. Valentino, E. Gomperts and M. Lee	2012	Pharmacokinetic properties of IB1001, an investigational recombinant factor IX, in patients with haemophilia B: Repeat pharmacokinetic evaluation and sialylation analysis		Haemophilia			18		6	881-887								Pharmacokinetic properties of IB1001, an investigational recombinant factor IX, in patients with haemophilia B: Repeat pharmacokinetic evaluation and sialylation analysis														CN-00900276				IB1001 trenacog alfa is an investigational recombinant factor IX (FIX) for the treatment and prevention of bleeding in individuals with haemophilia B. To compare the pharmacokinetics (PK) of IB1001 with nonacog alfa in individuals with haemophilia B and to assess the relationship between sialylation and PK of IB1001 (NCT00768287). A randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority, cross-over study conducted in participants aged >=12 years weighing >=40 kg, with severe or moderately severe haemophilia B (FIX activity <=2 IU dL <sup>-1</sup>). PK parameters were derived using observed FIX concentration levels and actual PK sampling times, and repeated in a subset of participants who had received IB1001 prophylaxis for 4-18 months. A retrospective analysis was conducted in subgroups according to the sialylation levels of IB1001 (50.8, 57.8-59.0%, or 71.7%). In the 32 adolescent and adult males evaluated, there were no clinically meaningful differences in PK parameters between those receiving IB1001 75 IU kg<sup>-1</sup> or nonacog alfa. The lower limit of the one-sided 95% confidence interval for the ratio of AUC<sub>0-t</sub> and AUC<sub>0-</sub> (IB1001/nonacog alfa) was 0.90, establishing non-inferiority. Terminal phase half-lives were similar (29.7 +/- 18.2 h for IB1001 and 33.4 +/- 21.2 h for nonacog alfa). The PK results were stable for up to 18 months of IB1001 exposure; the impact of sialylation levels was not clinically meaningful. There were no clinically meaningful PK differences between IB1001 and nonacog alfa. IB1001 was well tolerated and without safety concerns. The non-inferiority of IB1001 to nonacog alfa supports IB1001 becoming a useful alternative recombinant agent for the management of haemophilia B. 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/276/CN-00900276/frame.html										
B. Martinson, N. Sherwood, A. Crain, M. Hayes, A. King, N. Pronk and P. O'Connor	2010	Maintaining physical activity among older adults: 24-month outcomes of the Keep Active Minnesota randomized controlled trial		Preventive medicine			51		1	37-44						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Maintaining physical activity among older adults: 24-month outcomes of the Keep Active Minnesota randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 20382179						CN-00762183				OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy at 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-up of Keep Active Minnesota (KAM), a telephone and mail-based intervention designed to promote physical activity (PA) maintenance among currently active adults age 50 to 70. METHOD: Participants who reported having recently increased their MVPA to a minimum of 2d/wk, 30 min/bout, (N=1049) were recruited in 2004 and 2005 from one large managed care organization in Minnesota, and randomly assigned to either treatment (KAM; N=523), or Usual Care (UC; N=526) with PA assessed using the CHAMPS questionnaire, and expressed as kcal/wk energy expenditure. RESULTS: We find a sustained, significant benefit of the intervention at 6, 12 and 24 months. kcal/wk expenditure in moderate or vigorous activities was higher at 6 (p<.03, Cohen's d(6m)=.16), 12 (p<.04, d(12 m)=.13) and 24 months (p<.01, d(24 m)=.16) for KAM participants, compared to UC participants. CONCLUSIONS: The KAM telephone- and mail-based PA maintenance intervention was effective at maintaining PA in both the short-term (6 months) and longer-term (12 and 24 months) relative to usual care.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/183/CN-00762183/frame.html										
R. Martinus, R. Corban, H. Wackerhage, S. Atkins and J. Singh	2006	Effect of psychological intervention on exercise adherence in type 2 diabetic subjects		Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences			1084			350-60						Controlled Clinical Trial;		Effect of psychological intervention on exercise adherence in type 2 diabetic subjects								Pubmed 17151314						CN-00577195				Previous research has pointed to the efficacy of physical activity in individuals suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM). However, as with other populations, adherence to exercise programs is often problematic. This study assessed the effectiveness of a combination of exercise and psychological interventions in type 2 diabetics in terms of disease management and exercise adherence. Forty newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects (54 +/- 6.5 years) took part in the study. Subjects were allocated to an exercise-only intervention (EO) or a combined exercise and psychological adherence intervention (EP) group. Adherence to the program was also monitored at a 6-month follow-up. The results confirmed a significant improvement in physiological parameters (total mass, fat mass, grip strength, peak flow, flexibility, and VO2 max) after the 12-week program in both groups (P < 0.001). The EP group had significant changes in body fat, grip strength, and peak flow (P < 0.05) in comparison to the EO group. Components of the visual analog mood scale (VAMS) were positively influenced in both groups from the therapy program (P < 0.001). The directed psychological intervention had a significant influence on attendance to the 12-week program (P < 0.001). This also resulted in significantly better adherence 6 months later (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the results have demonstrated that psychological intervention is of paramount importance for ensuring high adherence rates during exercise therapy for type 2 diabetic subjects.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/195/CN-00577195/frame.html										
S. Martsevich, S. Tolpygina, I. Lukina, V. Voronina, N. Kiseleva, E. Bo?chenko, R. Dubinskaia and E. Khoseva	2012	[Comparative evaluation of antiplatelet efectiveness drugs of original and reproduced enteric forms of acetylsalicylic acid (clinical study ICAR))]		Kardiologiia			52		1	74-82						Comparative Study; English Abstract; Randomized Controlled Trial		[Comparative evaluation of antiplatelet efectiveness drugs of original and reproduced enteric forms of acetylsalicylic acid (clinical study ICAR))]								Pubmed 22304357						CN-00881314				The purpose of the study was a comparative study of antiplatelet activity of acetylsalicylic acid drugs, produced in gastro-resistant form trombopol 75 mg and aspirin cardio 100 mg in patients with high risk of cardiovascular events. Effect of trombopol 75 mg versus 100 mg aspirin cardio on platelet aggregation in 30 patients with high risk of cardiovascular events during 3 week treatment period was studied. Design method: blind, randomized, crossover method. Three weeks before the initial therapy, for those patients, who received antiplatelet platelet therapy at the time of inclusion in the study, this therapy was withdrew ("wash-out period"), after which patient was given one of the study drug (sequence of courses was s determined according to the scheme of randomization) with the recommendation of taking it daily in the morning at the same time. At each visit, before the next dose of the drug, blood samples for determination of ADP-induced platelet aggregation were taken, physical examination, measurement of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were recorded, adverse events were recorded. Follow-up visit was performed 3 weeks later. 21 days after first study drug withdrawal, a second similar course of therapy with another drug was performed. Antiplatelet efficacy of aspirin was assessed by its effect on spontaneous and ADP- induced platelet aggregation. Aggregation activity was determined by turbidometric method by changing of translucent ability of the blood sample during the formation of aggregates after 2 minutes of exposure. As an inducer of aggregation ADP solutions of three concentrations (0.5, 1 and 2 mM) were used. No significant difference between compared drugs in influence on aggregation ability of platelets after 3 weeks of daily intake was found. No adverse events associated with taking of studied drugs were registered. It was concluded that, generic APD - trombopol 75 mg and aspirin cardio 100 mg were equivalent on antiplatelet efficacy and tolerability.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/314/CN-00881314/frame.html										
C. Maruyama, M. Kimura, H. Okumura, K. Hayashi and T. Arao	2010	Effect of a worksite-based intervention program on metabolic parameters in middle-aged male white-collar workers: a randomized controlled trial		Preventive medicine			51		1	11-7						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effect of a worksite-based intervention program on metabolic parameters in middle-aged male white-collar workers: a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 20403374						CN-00762230				OBJECTIVE: An effective program for preventing metabolic diseases through lifestyle modification is urgently needed. We investigated the effects of the Life Style Modification Program for Physical Activity and Nutrition program (LiSM10!) on metabolic parameters in middle-aged male Japanese white-collar workers. METHODS: One hundred and one male office workers, 30 to 59 years of age, with metabolic syndrome risk factors, were randomly allocated into no-treatment control (n=49) and LiSM intervention (n=52) groups. The LiSM group attended individualized assessment and collaborative goal setting sessions based on food group intake and physical activity, followed by two individual counseling sessions with a registered dietitian and physical trainer, and received monthly website advice during the 4-month period from December 2006 to May 2007, in Tokyo, Japan. They were encouraged to enter current targeted food intakes and pedometer data on self-monitoring websites during the entire study period. RESULTS: Habitual food group intakes changed significantly in the LiSM group, showing improvements in 14 anthropometric and biochemical parameters contributing to inter-group differences in body weight, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance changes (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The LiSM10! program effectively improved insulin resistance-related metabolic parameters in middle-aged male white-collar workers.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/230/CN-00762230/frame.html										
L. C. Masse	2000	Reliability, validity, and methodological issues in assessing physical activity in a cross-cultural setting		Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport			71		2 Suppl	S54-8					Jun			Reliability, validity, and methodological issues in assessing physical activity in a cross-cultural setting	Res Q Exerc Sport	0270-1367												10925826				In summary, to complement the issues raised in Dr. Kriska's paper, this paper identified a number of methodological issues that researchers need to address before valid cross-cultural comparisons can be performed (see summary of issues and proposed actions for researchers in Table 1). In addition, this paper cautions us to interpret published findings in light of the methodological issues that were raised in this paper. This paper selectively addressed some methodological issues and leaves ample room for other researchers to think of other important issues. Many of the issues raised in this paper are related to the use of questionnaires to make cross-cultural comparisons. However, many of the methodological issues presented in this paper apply to other methods of assessing physical activity behaviors. As a final remark, I do want to acknowledge that other methods used to measure physical activity (including activity monitor) provide valuable but different information than questionnaires. It remains that in large-scale epidemiological studies, questionnaires are often the most practical instrument to use, and given the errors associated with questionnaires, we need to consider whether questionnaires are better at measuring physical activity behaviors at the group level or individual level.	Masse, L C		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10925826http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:10925826&id=doi:&issn=0270-1367&volume=71&issue=2&spage=S54&pages=S54-8&date=2000&title=Research+Quarterly+for+Exercise+%26+Sport&atitle=Reliability%2C+validity%2C+and+methodological+issues+in+assessing+physical+activity+in+a+cross-cultural+setting.&aulast=Masse&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMasse+LC%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E10925826%3C%2FAN%3E		School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion Research and Development, University of Texas-Houston, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. Masse-Biron, J. Mercier, B. Adam and C. Prefaut	1990	High intensity training and aerobic fitness of trained aged subjects. [French]		Science & sports			5		3	137-42						Journal: Article		High intensity training and aerobic fitness of trained aged subjects. [French]														CN-00381618				This study examined the effects of training intensity on the aerobic fitness of 14 trained aged men (64.4 + 4.6 years, range 58-73 yrs). Subjects were assigned to two groups. The quantity of training was the same in both groups (7 h/week), only the intensity of training differed. Intensity was determined, on the basis of heart rate, monitored by a cardiofrequence-meter (Sport tester Pe 3000). Group A (n = 7) were trained at high intensity (152 + 16 beat/min, 95 + 10% Hrmax). Group B (N = 7) at low intensity (120 + 8 beat/min, 75 + 5% Hrmax). An initial maximal exercise test (T0) was performed on a bicycle ergometer. The intensity of the exercise was increased by 30 W each min up to 180 W and then by 10 or 20 W each min to the end of the exercise. In order to measure maximal oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2</sub> max) and ventilatory threshold (VT), a program of physical activity was followed for four months. At the end of this training period, another maximal exercise test (T4) was performed. At T4, only group A showed a significant increase of VO<sub>2</sub> max (P < 0.01) and a higher SV expressed in terms of VO<sub>2</sub>1-1.min-1 (P < 0.04). Even thought it has been shown that low intensity training produces increases in VO<sub>2</sub> max in sedentary subjects, this is not true for subjects engaged in regular physical training activity. Consequently we conclude that exercising at high intensity is necessary to increase the aerobic fitness of trained aged subjects. This study discusses habitual conception training, the most often used for aged subjects. We show that some trained aged subjects naturally use a high intensity with heart rate near maximal heart rate, and that this high intensity training, very well tolerated, increases their aerobic aptitude (VO<sub>2</sub> max and SV).			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/618/CN-00381618/frame.html										
B. Matta, K. Heath, K. Tipping and A. Summors	1999	Direct cerebral vasodilatory effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane		Anesthesiology			91		3	677-80						Journal: Article		Direct cerebral vasodilatory effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane														CN-00441557				Background: The effect of volatile anesthetics on cerebral blood flow depends on the balance between the indirect vasoconstrictive action secondary to flow-metabolism coupling and the agent's intrinsic vasodilatory action. This study compared the direct cerebral vasodilatory actions of 0.5 and 1.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) sevoflurane and isoflurane during an propofol-induced isoelectric electroencephalogram. Methods: Twenty patients aged 20-62 yr with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or H requiring general anesthesia for routine spinal surgery were recruited. In addition to routine monitoring, a transcranial Doppler ultrasound was used to measure blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery, and an electroencephalograph to measure brain electrical activity. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 2.5 mg/kg, fentanyl 2 mug/kg, and atracurium 0.5 mg/kg, and a propofol infusion was used to achieve electroencephalographic isoelectricity. End-tidal carbon dioxide, blood pressure, and temperature were maintained constant throughout the study period. Cerebral blood flow velocity, mean blood pressure, and heart rate were recorded after 20 min of isoelectric encephalogram. Patients were then assigned to receive either age- adjusted 0.5 MAC (0.8-1%) or 1.5 MAC (2.4-30/0) end-tidal sevoflurane; or age-adjusted 0.5 MAC (0.5-0.7%) or 1.5 MAC (1.5-2%) end-tidal isoflurane. After 15 min of unchanged end-tidal concentration, the variables were measured again. The concentration of the inhalational agent was increased or decreased as appropriate, and all measurements were repeated again. All measurements were performed before the start of surgery. An infusion of 0.01% phenylephrine was used as necessary to maintain mean arterial pressure at baseline levels. Results: Although both agents increased blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery at 0.5 and 1.5 MAC, this increase was significantly less during sevoflurane anesthesia (4 + 3 and 17 + 3% at 0.5 and 1.5 MAC sevoflurane; 19 + 3 and 72 + 9% at 0.5 and 1.5 MAC isoflurane [mean + SD]; P < 0.05). All patients required phenylephrine (100-300 mug) to maintain mean arterial pressure within 20% of baseline during 1.5 MAC anesthesia. Conclusions: In common with other volatile anesthetic agents, sevoflurane has an intrinsic dose-dependent cerebral vasodilatory effect. However, this effect is less than that of isoflurane.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/557/CN-00441557/frame.html										
C. E. Matthews, K. Y. Chen, P. S. Freedson, M. S. Buchowski, B. M. Beech, R. R. Pate and R. P. Troiano	2008	Amount of time spent in sedentary behaviors in the United States, 2003-2004		American Journal of Epidemiology			167		7	875-881								Amount of time spent in sedentary behaviors in the United States, 2003-2004		0002-9262												2009895356. Language: English. Entry Date: 20080516. Revision Date: 20121123. Publication Type: journal article				Sedentary behaviors are linked to adverse health outcomes, but the total amount of time spent in these behaviors in the United States has not been objectively quantified. The authors evaluated participants from the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey aged >/=6 years who wore an activity monitor for up to 7 days. Among 6,329 participants with at least one 10-hour day of monitor wear, the average monitor-wearing time was 13.9 hours/day (standard deviation, 1.9). Overall, participants spent 54.9% of their monitored time, or 7.7 hours/day, in sedentary behaviors. The most sedentary groups in the United States were older adolescents and adults aged >/=60 years, and they spent about 60% of their waking time in sedentary pursuits. Females were more sedentary than males before age 30 years, but this pattern was reversed after age 60 years. Mexican-American adults were significantly less sedentary than other US adults, and White and Black females were similarly sedentary after age 12 years. These data provide the first objective measure of the amount of time spent in sedentary behavior in the US population and indicate that Americans spend the majority of their time in behaviors that expend very little energy.	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Online/Print; Peer Reviewed; Public Health; USA. Special Interest: Public Health. No. of Refs: 37 ref. NLM UID: 7910653.
PMID: 18303006		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2009895356&site=ehost-live		Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-1738, USA. charles.matthews@vanderbilt.edu						rzh	EBSCOhost	
C. E. Matthews and P. S. Freedson	1995	Field trial of a three-dimensional activity monitor: comparison with self report		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			27		7	1071-8					Jul			Field trial of a three-dimensional activity monitor: comparison with self report	Med Sci Sports Exerc	0195-9131												7564975				We examined the ability of the Tritrac-R3D to estimate daily energy expenditure (EE) and characterize the physical activity patterns of free-living humans. Daily EE was estimated by the Tritrac, a 3-d physical activity log (PAL), and a 7-d recall (SDR). Digital storage of activity data by the Tritrac allowed us to tabulate the number of minutes the monitor recorded EE at specific activity intensities. Twenty-five men and women (mean age and body mass 26.7 yr, 72.5 kg) wore the monitor for 7 d. The Tritrac significantly underestimated daily EE compared with the PAL and SDR, 2552.7 vs 2915.5 kcal.d-1 and 2530.0 vs 2840.3 kcal.d-1, respectively (both, P < 0.01). Correlations between the Tritrac and PAL and the SDR were r = 0.82 and r = 0.77 (both, P < 0.001). Compared with the PAL, the Tritrac overestimated time accumulated in sedentary activities (862.7 vs 827.2 min.d-1) but underestimated time accumulated in active behaviors (37.5 vs 78.0 min.d-1). In conclusion, these data suggest the Tritrac ranks activity levels similarly to the PAL and SDR but it significantly underestimates free-living energy expenditure.	Matthews, C E
Freedson, P S		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=7564975http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1988+to+1995%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:7564975&id=doi:&issn=0195-9131&volume=27&issue=7&spage=1071&pages=1071-8&date=1995&title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&atitle=Field+trial+of+a+three-dimensional+activity+monitor%3A+comparison+with+self+report.&aulast=Matthews&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMatthews+CE%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E7564975%3C%2FAN%3E		School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Department of Exercise Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. E. Matthews, P. S. Freedson, J. R. Hebert, E. J. Stanek, 3rd, P. A. Merriam and I. S. Ockene	2000	Comparing physical activity assessment methods in the Seasonal Variation of Blood Cholesterol Study		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			32		5	976-84					May	Comparative Study
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Comparing physical activity assessment methods in the Seasonal Variation of Blood Cholesterol Study	Med Sci Sports Exerc	0195-9131												10795789				PURPOSE: This paper evaluated three measures of physical activity employed in the Seasonal Variation of Blood Cholesterol Study (Seasons), and it had two objectives: 1) To examine the laboratory validity of the Actillume activity monitor, and 2) To examine the relative validity of three 24-h physical activity recalls (24HR) in quantifying short-term physical activity behaviors.
METHODS: Nineteen healthy middle-age adults completed seven activity trials (reading, typing, box moving, stepping, and walking (3.5, 4.25, 5.0 km x h(-1))) while oxygen consumption and Actillume measures were obtained. ANOVA, linear regression, and a scatter plot were employed to examine the validity of the Actillume. In relative validity analyses of the 24HR in the Seasons study, participants (N = 481) completed two or three 24HR (MET-h x d(-1)) and a modified Baecke Questionnaire. A subset of the cohort (N = 41) wore the Actillume for 3-8 d (counts x min(-1) x d(-1)). The relative validity of the 24HR method was examined by comparison to these criterion measures.
RESULTS: In laboratory validation analyses, the monitor was found to discriminate between sedentary and moderate intensity activities, changes in walking speed, and to account for 79% of the variance in oxygen consumption across sedentary and walking trials. In relative validity analyses, correlations between the 24HR and the modified Baecke ranged from 0.29 to 0.52 (P < 0.01) across total, household, occupational, and leisure-time activities.
CONCLUSIONS: In laboratory testing, the Actillume monitor discriminated between sedentary and moderate intensity activities and was highly correlated with oxygen consumption. Three 24HR of physical activity were observed to have a relative validity that was comparable to published data from other short-term activity assessments that also employed the Baecke Questionnaire and activity monitors as criterion measures.	Matthews, C E
Freedson, P S
Hebert, J R
Stanek, E J 3rd
Merriam, P A
Ockene, I S
HL52745 (United States NHLBI NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10795789http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:10795789&id=doi:&issn=0195-9131&volume=32&issue=5&spage=976&pages=976-84&date=2000&title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&atitle=Comparing+physical+activity+assessment+methods+in+the+Seasonal+Variation+of+Blood+Cholesterol+Study.&aulast=Matthews&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMatthews+CE%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E10795789%3C%2FAN%3E		University of Massachusetts Medical School and School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Worcester, USA. cematthe@sph.sc.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. E. Matthews, P. S. Freedson, J. R. Hebert, E. J. Stanek, III, P. A. Merriam and I. S. Ockene	2000	Comparing physical activity assessment methods in the Seasonal Variation of Blood Cholesterol Study		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			32		5	976-984								Comparing physical activity assessment methods in the Seasonal Variation of Blood Cholesterol Study		0195-9131												2000045117. Language: English. Entry Date: 20000701. Revision Date: 20091218. Publication Type: journal article				PURPOSE: This paper evaluated three measures of physical activity employed in the Seasonal Variation of Blood Cholesterol Study (Seasons), and it had two objectives: 1) To examine the laboratory validity of the Actillume activity monitor, and 2) To examine the relative validity of three 24-h physical activity recalls (24HR) in quantifying short-term physical activity behaviors. METHODS: Nineteen healthy middle-age adults completed seven activity trials (reading, typing, box moving, stepping, and walking (3.5, 4.25, 5.0 km x h(-1))) while oxygen consumption and Actillume measures were obtained. ANOVA, linear regression, and a scatter plot were employed to examine the validity of the Actillume. In relative validity analyses of the 24HR in the Seasons study, participants (N = 481) completed two or three 24HR (MET-h x d(-1)) and a modified Baecke Questionnaire. A subset of the cohort (N = 41) wore the Actillume for 3-8 d (counts x min(-1) x d(-1)). The relative validity of the 24HR method was examined by comparison to these criterion measures. RESULTS: In laboratory validation analyses, the monitor was found to discriminate between sedentary and moderate intensity activities, changes in walking speed, and to account for 79% of the variance in oxygen consumption across sedentary and walking trials. In relative validity analyses, correlations between the 24HR and the modified Baecke ranged from 0.29 to 0.52 (P < 0.01) across total, household, occupational, and leisure-time activities. CONCLUSIONS: In laboratory testing, the Actillume monitor discriminated between sedentary and moderate intensity activities and was highly correlated with oxygen consumption. Three 24HR of physical activity were observed to have a relative validity that was comparable to published data from other short-term activity assessments that also employed the Baecke Questionnaire and activity monitors as criterion measures.	equations & formulas; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Grant Information: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, grant no. HL52745. No. of Refs: 42 ref. NLM UID: 8005433. Email: cematthe@sph.sc.edu.
PMID: 10795789		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2000045117&site=ehost-live		Dept of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, School of Public Health, Columbia, SC 29208						rzh	EBSCOhost	
C. Matthews, B. Ainsworth, C. Hanby, R. Pate, C. Addy, P. Freedson, D. Jones and C. Macera	2005	Development and testing of a short physical activity recall questionnaire		Medicine and science in sports and exercise			37		6	986-94						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Validation Studies		Development and testing of a short physical activity recall questionnaire								Pubmed 15947724						CN-00522429				PURPOSE: To develop and test two different short telephone activity recall (STAR) questionnaires, one with closed-ended and the other with open-ended response options, that assessed overall moderate and vigorous activity in a usual week. METHODS: One hundred four participants completed a 3-d test-retest study, and 88 participants completed 10-14, 24-h physical activity recalls (24PAR) and at least 7 d of objective physical activity monitoring by Actigraph during a 28-d period. RESULTS: Consistency of classification from one administration to the next was high (65-92%), extreme inconsistencies between reports were infrequent (0-7%), and kappa values were between 0.50 and 0.75. Correlations between self-reports and criterion measures for moderate-intensity duration were between 0.30 and 0.40. Agreement between the instruments and the 24PAR for meeting the moderate or vigorous recommendations was between 60 and 70%. For the 24PAR comparisons, kappa values tended to be higher for women than men, but were of only modest strength (kappa 0.40). With the 24PAR as criterion, sensitivity of the self-report instruments was between 50 and 90%, and specificity was between 63 and 84%. Kappa values comparing the instruments with the Actigraph were low (<0.20). Overall classification by the short instruments into meeting the recommendations was associated with higher levels of total 24PAR activity (P < or = 0.01) as well as greater steps per day and counts per minute per day from the Actigraph (P < or = 0.08). The open-ended instrument appeared to perform better for moderate-intensity activity, whereas the closed-ended item appeared to perform better for vigorous activity. CONCLUSION: The evaluated instruments had reasonable reliability and demonstrated an ability to capture important differences in overall physical activity patterns in this population, although individual classification errors were substantial.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/429/CN-00522429/frame.html										
M. Maturi, P. Afshary and P. Abedi	2011	Effect of physical activity intervention based on a pedometer on physical activity level and anthropometric measures after childbirth: a randomized controlled trial		BMC pregnancy and childbirth			11			103						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effect of physical activity intervention based on a pedometer on physical activity level and anthropometric measures after childbirth: a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 22176722						CN-00860430				BACKGROUND: Pregnancy and childbirth are associated with weight gain in women, and retention of weight gained during pregnancy can lead to obesity in later life. Diet and physical activity are factors that can influence the loss of retained pregnancy weight after birth. Exercise guidelines exist for pregnancy, but recommendations for exercise after childbirth are virtually nonexistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of physical activity intervention based on pedometer on physical activity level and anthropometric measures of women after childbirth. METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled trial in which 66 women who had given birth 6 weeks to 6 months prior were randomly assigned to receive either a 12 week tailored program encouraging increased walking using a pedometer (intervention group, n = 32) or routine postpartum care (control group, n = 34). During the 12-week study period, each woman in the intervention group wore a pedometer and recorded her daily step count. The women were advised to increase their steps by 500 per week until they achieved the first target of 5000 steps per day and then continued to increase it to minimum of 10,000 steps per day by the end of 12th week. Assessed outcomes included anthropometric measures, physical activity level, and energy expenditure per week. Data were analyzed using the paired t-test, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, chi-square, Wilcoxon, covariance analysis, and the general linear model repeated measures procedure as appropriate. RESULTS: After 12 weeks, women in the intervention group had significantly increased their physical activity and energy expenditure per week (4394 vs. 1651 calorie, p < 0.001). Significant differences between-group in weight (P = 0.001), Body Mass Index (P = 0.001), waist circumference (P = 0.001), hip circumference (P = 0.032) and waist-hip ratio (P = 0.02) were presented after the intervention. The intervention group significantly increased their mean daily step count over the study period (from 3249 before, to 9960 after the intervention, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: A physical activity intervention based on pedometer is an effective means to increase physical activity; reducing retention of weight gained during pregnancy and can improve anthropometric measures in postpartum women. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN: IRCT201105026362N1.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/430/CN-00860430/frame.html										
A. Maxwell, M. Zapien, G. Pearce, G. MacCallum and P. Stone	2002	Randomized trial of a medical food for the dietary management of chronic, stable angina		Journal of the American College of Cardiology			39		1	37-45						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Randomized trial of a medical food for the dietary management of chronic, stable angina								Pubmed 11755284						CN-00376610				OBJECTIVES: We determined the electrocardiographic, vascular and clinical effects of a medical food bar enriched with L-arginine and a combination of other nutrients known to enhance endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) in patients with stable angina. BACKGROUND: Enhancement of vascular NO by supplementation with L-arginine and other nutrients has been shown to have clinical benefits in patients with angina secondary to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the amounts and combinations of these nutrients required to achieve a clinical effect make traditional delivery by capsules and pills less suitable than alternative delivery methods such as a specially formulated nutrition bar. METHODS: Thirty-six stable outpatients with CAD and class II or III angina participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial with two treatment periods each of two weeks' duration (two active bars or two placebo bars per day). Flow-mediated brachial artery dilation was measured by ultrasound. Electrocardiographic measures of ischemia, exercise capacity and angina onset time were measured by treadmill exercise testing and by Holter monitor during routine daily activities. Quality of life was assessed by SF-36 and Seattle Angina Questionnaires and by diary. RESULTS: The medical food improved flow-mediated vasodilation (from 5.5 +/- 4.5 to 8.0 +/- 4.9, p = 0.004), treadmill exercise time (by 20% over placebo, p = 0.05) and quality-of-life scores (SF-36 summary score; 68 +/- 13 vs. 63 +/- 21 after placebo, p = 0.04, Seattle Angina Questionnaire summary score; 67 +/- 10 vs. 62 +/- 18, p = 0.04) without affecting electrocardiographic manifestations of ischemia or angina onset time. CONCLUSIONS: These findings reveal that this arginine-rich medical food, when used as an adjunct to traditional therapy, improves vascular function, exercise capacity and aspects of quality of life in patients with stable angina.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/610/CN-00376610/frame.html										
T. Mazzone, P. Meyer, S. Feinstein, M. Davidson, G. Kondos, R. D'Agostino, A. Perez, J. Provost and S. Haffner	2006	Effect of pioglitazone compared with glimepiride on carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial		Jama			296		21	2572-81						Comparative Study; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effect of pioglitazone compared with glimepiride on carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial								Pubmed 17101640						CN-00573666				CONTEXT: Carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a marker of coronary atherosclerosis and independently predicts cardiovascular events, which are increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). While studies of relatively short duration have suggested that thiazolidinediones such as pioglitazone might reduce progression of CIMT in persons with diabetes, the results of longer studies have been less clear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of pioglitazone vs glimepiride on changes in CIMT of the common carotid artery in patients with type 2 DM. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Randomized, double-blind, comparator-controlled, multicenter trial in patients with type 2 DM conducted at 28 clinical sites in the multiracial/ethnic Chicago metropolitan area between October 2003 and May 2006. The treatment period was 72 weeks (1-week follow-up). CIMT images were captured by a single ultrasonographer at 1 center and read by a single treatment-blinded reader using automated edge-detection technology. Participants were 462 adults (mean age, 60 [SD, 8.1] years; mean body mass index, 32 [SD, 5.1]) with type 2 DM (mean duration, 7.7 [SD, 7.2] years; mean glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c] value, 7.4% [SD, 1.0%]), either newly diagnosed or currently treated with diet and exercise, sulfonylurea, metformin, insulin, or a combination thereof. INTERVENTIONS: Pioglitazone hydrochloride (15-45 mg/d) or glimepiride (1-4 mg/d) as an active comparator. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Absolute change from baseline to final visit in mean posterior-wall CIMT of the left and right common carotid arteries. RESULTS: Mean change in CIMT was less with pioglitazone vs glimepiride at all time points (weeks 24, 48, 72). At week 72, the primary end point of progression of mean CIMT was less with pioglitazone vs glimepiride (-0.001 mm vs +0.012 mm, respectively; difference, -0.013 mm; 95% confidence interval, -0.024 to -0.002; P = .02). Pioglitazone also slowed progression of maximum CIMT compared with glimepiride (0.002 mm vs 0.026 mm, respectively, at 72 weeks; difference, -0.024 mm; 95% confidence interval, -0.042 to -0.006; P = .008). The beneficial effect of pioglitazone on mean CIMT was similar across prespecified subgroups based on age, sex, systolic blood pressure, duration of DM, body mass index, HbA(1c) value, and statin use. CONCLUSION: Over an 18-month treatment period in patients with type 2 DM, pioglitazone slowed progression of CIMT compared with glimepiride. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00225264			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/666/CN-00573666/frame.html										
J. McCaffery, A. Haley, L. Sweet, S. Phelan, H. Raynor, A. Parigi, R. Cohen and R. Wing	2009	Differential functional magnetic resonance imaging response to food pictures in successful weight-loss maintainers relative to normal-weight and obese controls		American journal of clinical nutrition			90		4	928-34						Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Differential functional magnetic resonance imaging response to food pictures in successful weight-loss maintainers relative to normal-weight and obese controls								Pubmed 19675107						CN-00720958				BACKGROUND: Prior research indicates that successful weight-loss maintainers (SWLs) work harder than people of normal weight to maintain their weight loss, including greater dietary restriction of fat and higher physical activity levels. However, little work to date has examined how SWLs differ biologically from normal-weight (NW) and obese controls. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to compare the brain responses of SWLs to food pictures with those of NW and obese controls. DESIGN: Blood oxygen level-dependent responses to high- and low-energy food pictures were measured in 18 NW controls, 16 obese controls, and 17 SWLs. RESULTS: Group differences were identified in 4 regions, which indicated significant change in activation in response to the food pictures. SWLs showed greater activation in the left superior frontal region and right middle temporal region than did NW and obese controls-a pattern of results confirmed in exploratory voxel-wise analyses. Obese controls also showed greater activation in a bilateral precentral region. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that SWLs show greater activation in frontal regions and primary and secondary visual cortices-a pattern consistent with greater inhibitory control in response to food cues and greater visual attention to the food cues. A greater engagement of inhibitory control regions in response to food cues as well as a greater monitoring of foods may promote control of food intake and successful weight-loss maintenance.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/958/CN-00720958/frame.html										
C. J. McCarthy, P. M. Mills, R. Pullen, G. Richardson, N. Hawkins, C. R. Roberts, A. J. Silman and J. A. Oldham	2004	Supplementation of a home-based exercise programme with a class-based programme for people with osteoarthritis of the knees: a randomised controlled trial and health economic analysis		Health Technology Assessment (Winchester, England)			8		46	iii-iv, 1-61					Nov	Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial
Review		Supplementation of a home-based exercise programme with a class-based programme for people with osteoarthritis of the knees: a randomised controlled trial and health economic analysis	Health Technol Assess	1366-5278												15527668				OBJECTIVES: To establish the relative effectiveness and cost of providing a home-based exercise programme versus home-based exercise supplemented with an 8-week class-based exercise programme.
DESIGN: The trial was a pragmatic, single-blind randomised clinical trial accompanied by a full economic evaluation.
SETTING: Patients were randomly allocated to either home-based exercise or home exercise supplemented with class exercise programmes.
PARTICIPANTS: A total of 214 patients, meeting the American College of Rheumatology's classification of knee osteoarthritis, were selected from referrals from the primary and secondary care settings.
INTERVENTIONS: Both groups were given a home exercise programme aimed at increasing lower limb strength, and endurance, and improving balance. The supplemented group also attended 8 weeks of twice-weekly knee classes run by a physiotherapist. Classes represented typical knee class provision in the UK.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Assessments of locomotor function, using a timed score of three locomotor activities, walking pain and self-reported disability with the Western Ontario and McMaster's Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) were made. General health, lower limb strength, range of movement and compliance with exercise were also measured. Patients were assessed before and after treatment, and also at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. The economic evaluation looked at health service resource use and assessed cost-effectiveness by relating differential costs to differences in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) based on patients' responses to the EuroQol-5 Dimensions. Data were obtained at baseline, 1 month, 6 months and 12 months through face-to-face interviews and, where appropriate, examination of hospital medical records.
RESULTS: Patients from the supplemented group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in locomotor function and decrease in pain while walking at all follow-ups. The supplemented group also demonstrated smaller but significant improvements in balance, strength, WOMAC score, and the physical function and pain dimensions of the Short Form-36. However, not all of these improvements were maintained over the 12-month follow-up period. There was no evidence that compliance with the home exercise programme was different or that total costs or mean QALY gains were significantly different between the groups. However, costs were slightly lower and QALY gains slightly higher in the group with the supplementary class-based programme. The economic evaluation suggests that supplemented programmes are likely to be considered cost-effective, although there is uncertainty around this estimate, with approximately 30--35% probability that the intervention would not be cost-effective.
CONCLUSIONS: The supplementation of a home-based exercise programme with a class-based exercise programme led to superior improvement in the supplemented group. These differential improvements were still evident at review 12 months after treatment had ceased. The additional cost of the supplemented group was offset by reductions in resource use elsewhere in the system. Compliance with the home exercise programme did not differ between the groups. Based on this evidence, the supplementation of a home-based exercise programme with an 8-week class-based exercise programme can be confidently expected to produce small improvements in locomotor function and clinically important reductions in pain. It is recommended that future research investigates methods of increasing compliance with home exercise programmes and evaluates the impact of these interventions in the primary care setting, where most patients with knee osteoarthritis are managed. [References: 188]	McCarthy, C J
Mills, P M
Pullen, R
Richardson, G
Hawkins, N
Roberts, C R
Silman, A J
Oldham, J A		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15527668http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:15527668&id=doi:&issn=1366-5278&volume=8&issue=46&spage=iii&pages=iii-iv%2C+1-61&date=2004&title=Health+Technology+Assessment+%28Winchester%2C+England%29&atitle=Supplementation+of+a+home-based+exercise+programme+with+a+class-based+programme+for+people+with+osteoarthritis+of+the+knees%3A+a+randomised+controlled+trial+and+health+economic+analysis.&aulast=McCarthy&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMcCarthy+CJ%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E15527668%3C%2FAN%3E		Centre for Rehabilitation Science, University of Manchester, Manchester Royal Infirmary, UK.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. McCarthy, P. Mills, R. Pullen, G. Richardson, N. Hawkins, C. Roberts, A. Silman and J. Oldham	2004	Supplementation of a home-based exercise programme with a class-based programme for people with osteoarthritis of the knees: a randomised controlled trial and health economic analysis		Health technology assessment (Winchester, England)			8		46	iii-iv, 1-61						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Review		Supplementation of a home-based exercise programme with a class-based programme for people with osteoarthritis of the knees: a randomised controlled trial and health economic analysis								Pubmed 15527668						CN-00560356				OBJECTIVES: To establish the relative effectiveness and cost of providing a home-based exercise programme versus home-based exercise supplemented with an 8-week class-based exercise programme. DESIGN: The trial was a pragmatic, single-blind randomised clinical trial accompanied by a full economic evaluation. SETTING: Patients were randomly allocated to either home-based exercise or home exercise supplemented with class exercise programmes. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 214 patients, meeting the American College of Rheumatology's classification of knee osteoarthritis, were selected from referrals from the primary and secondary care settings. INTERVENTIONS: Both groups were given a home exercise programme aimed at increasing lower limb strength, and endurance, and improving balance. The supplemented group also attended 8 weeks of twice-weekly knee classes run by a physiotherapist. Classes represented typical knee class provision in the UK. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Assessments of locomotor function, using a timed score of three locomotor activities, walking pain and self-reported disability with the Western Ontario and McMaster's Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) were made. General health, lower limb strength, range of movement and compliance with exercise were also measured. Patients were assessed before and after treatment, and also at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. The economic evaluation looked at health service resource use and assessed cost-effectiveness by relating differential costs to differences in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) based on patients' responses to the EuroQol-5 Dimensions. Data were obtained at baseline, 1 month, 6 months and 12 months through face-to-face interviews and, where appropriate, examination of hospital medical records. RESULTS: Patients from the supplemented group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in locomotor function and decrease in pain while walking at all follow-ups. The supplemented group also demonstrated smaller but significant improvements in balance, strength, WOMAC score, and the physical function and pain dimensions of the Short Form-36. However, not all of these improvements were maintained over the 12-month follow-up period. There was no evidence that compliance with the home exercise programme was different or that total costs or mean QALY gains were significantly different between the groups. However, costs were slightly lower and QALY gains slightly higher in the group with the supplementary class-based programme. The economic evaluation suggests that supplemented programmes are likely to be considered cost-effective, although there is uncertainty around this estimate, with approximately 30--35% probability that the intervention would not be cost-effective. CONCLUSIONS: The supplementation of a home-based exercise programme with a class-based exercise programme led to superior improvement in the supplemented group. These differential improvements were still evident at review 12 months after treatment had ceased. The additional cost of the supplemented group was offset by reductions in resource use elsewhere in the system. Compliance with the home exercise programme did not differ between the groups. Based on this evidence, the supplementation of a home-based exercise programme with an 8-week class-based exercise programme can be confidently expected to produce small improvements in locomotor function and clinically important reductions in pain. It is recommended that future research investigates methods of increasing compliance with home exercise programmes and evaluates the impact of these interventions in the primary care setting, where most patients with knee osteoarthritis are managed.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/356/CN-00560356/frame.html										
S. McCurry, K. Pike, M. Vitiello, R. Logsdon and L. Teri	2008	Factors associated with concordance and variability of sleep quality in persons with Alzheimer's disease and their caregivers		Sleep			31		5	741-8						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Factors associated with concordance and variability of sleep quality in persons with Alzheimer's disease and their caregivers								Pubmed 18517044						CN-00640030				STUDY OBJECTIVES: To describe the day-to-day variation in sleep characteristics and the concordance between nighttime sleep of persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their family caregivers. PARTICIPANTS: N = 44 community-dwelling older adults with probable or possible AD and their co-residing family caregivers. DESIGN: Participants wore an Actillume (Ambulatory Monitoring, Inc) for one week and completed an assessment battery to evaluate patient and caregiver mood, physical function, medication use, caregiver behavior management style, and patient cognitive status. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Actigraphically derived sleep measures included bedtime, rising time, total time in bed, total sleep time, number of awakenings, total wake time, and sleep percent (efficiency). For each sleep parameter, total variance was determined for between-subject variance and within-subject variance from day-to-day. Sleep concordance was examined using multinomial logistic regression to compare trichotomous patient-caregiver combinations of good and bad sleepers. For both patients and caregivers, between-subject daily variability accounted for more of the variance in sleep than within-subject variability. Patient depression and caregiver management style were significant predictors both for concordant poor sleep (both patient and caregiver with sleep efficiency < or =85%) and patient-caregiver sleep discordance. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides data that sleep disturbances for persons with AD and their family caregivers vary considerably night to night, and that poor sleep in one member of the caregiving dyad is not necessarily linked to disturbed sleep in the other. Understanding the complex interrelationship of sleep in AD patients and caregivers is an important first step towards the development of individualized and effective treatment strategies.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/030/CN-00640030/frame.html										
M. McDermott, P. Ades, A. Dyer, J. Guralnik, M. Kibbe and M. Criqui	2008	Corridor-based functional performance measures correlate better with physical activity during daily life than treadmill measures in persons with peripheral arterial disease		Journal of vascular surgery			48		5	1231-7, 1237.e1						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Corridor-based functional performance measures correlate better with physical activity during daily life than treadmill measures in persons with peripheral arterial disease								Pubmed 18829215						CN-00651301				OBJECTIVE: To compare associations of physical activity during daily life with treadmill walking performance and corridor-based functional performance measures in persons with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD). STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SUBJECTS: One hundred fifty-six men and women with PAD who completed baseline measurements and were randomized into the study to improve leg circulation (SILC) exercise clinical trial. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants completed a Gardner-Skinner treadmill protocol. Corridor-based functional performance measures were the 6-minute walk, walking velocity over four meters at usual and fastest pace, and the short physical performance battery (SPPB) (0-12 scale, 12 = best). Physical activity during daily life was measured continuously over 7 days with a Caltrac (Muscle Dynamics Fitness Network, Inc, Torrence, Calif) accelerometer. RESULTS: Adjusting for age, gender, and race, higher levels of physical activity during daily life were associated with greater distance achieved in the 6-minute walk (P trend = .001), faster fast-paced four-meter walking velocity (P trend < .001), faster usual-paced four-meter walking speed (P trend = .027) and a higher SPPB (P trend = .005). The association of physical activity level with maximum treadmill walking distance did not reach statistical significance (P trend = .083). There were no associations of physical activity with treadmill distance to onset of leg symptoms (P trend = .795). CONCLUSION: Functional performance measures are more strongly associated with physical activity levels during daily life than treadmill walking measures.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/301/CN-00651301/frame.html										
C. M. McDonald, L. Widman, R. T. Abresch, S. A. Walsh and D. D. Walsh	2005	Utility of a step activity monitor for the measurement of daily ambulatory activity in children		Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation			86		4	793-801					Apr	Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Utility of a step activity monitor for the measurement of daily ambulatory activity in children	Arch Phys Med Rehabil	0003-9993												15827934				OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the StepWatch Activity Monitor (SAM) as a reliable and valid measurement tool for assessing ambulatory activity in able-bodied children and to assess the ambulatory activity of able-bodied children.
DESIGN: Descriptive study.
SETTING: General community.
PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-seven able-bodied children, aged 6 to 20 years.
INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Anthropometric parameters, calibration of a step activity monitor to ensure accuracy, and 3 days of simultaneous heart rate and step activity monitoring.
RESULTS: The SAM had an accuracy of 99.87% compared with the observer-counted steps and was shown to be valid and reliable when compared with heart rate monitoring. The subjects in all age groups (6-10 y, 11-15 y, 16-20 y) spent most of their active time at low step rate but took the fewest steps at this rate. Although the least amount of time was spent at high step rate, it accounted for the most steps. The 6- to 10-year-old group took more total steps per day than any of the other groups. Boys spent significantly more time at high step rate than girls in all age groups (mean for boys, 66+/-4 min/d; girls, 47+/-4 min/d).
CONCLUSIONS: The SAM is an accurate, valid, and useful tool for measuring continuous, time-based step activity during real-world community activity for children and adolescents.	McDonald, Craig M
Widman, Lana
Abresch, R Ted
Walsh, Sandra A
Walsh, Denise D
5R01 HD35714-03 (United States NICHD NIH HHS)
H133B980008-99 (United States PHS HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15827934http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:15827934&id=doi:&issn=0003-9993&volume=86&issue=4&spage=793&pages=793-801&date=2005&title=Archives+of+Physical+Medicine+%26+Rehabilitation&atitle=Utility+of+a+step+activity+monitor+for+the+measurement+of+daily+ambulatory+activity+in+children.&aulast=McDonald&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMcDonald+CM%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E15827934%3C%2FAN%3E		Rehabilitation Research and Training Center in Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Davis, Sacremento 95817, USA. cmmcdonald@ucdavis.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

R. McDonough, W. Doucette, P. Kumbera and D. Klepser	2005	An evaluation of managing and educating patients on the risk of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis		Value in health			8		1	24-31						Clinical Trial; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		An evaluation of managing and educating patients on the risk of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis								Pubmed 15841891						CN-00512195				OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of risk management activities on patient risk of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. METHODS: Ninety-six adult patients taking chronic glucocorticoid therapy in 15 community pharmacies. Patients in the control group received usual and customary care. Patients in the treatment pharmacies received education and an educational pamphlet about the risks of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. In addition, the treatment group pharmacists monitored the patients' drug therapy, to identify and address drug-related problems. Data including the glucocorticoid taken by the patient, medications, and osteoporosis risk factors were collected at baseline and after 9 months of monitoring, via Web-based survey completed in the pharmacy. Using an intent to treat approach, the pre-post frequency changes were compared with contrasts for presence of bisphosphonate therapy, presence of estrogen therapy, presence of calcium supplement, discussion of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis risk, discussion of bone density test, presence of bone mineral density test, reported inactivity, and reported low calcium diet. RESULTS: The contrast was significant in favor of the treatment pharmacies for the frequency of patients taking a calcium supplement (Control [-6.9%] vs. Treatment [17.1%], P < 0.05). No other contrast was significant. CONCLUSIONS: Community pharmacists are capable of increasing calcium supplementation among patients at risk for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Pharmacists who educate at-risk patients can impact the self-care of these patients.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/195/CN-00512195/frame.html										
B. McGrath, L. Beilin, T. Schofield, C. Benedict, N. Barker and R. Cooper	1979	Home blood pressure monitoring and changes in plasma catecholamines during once or twice daily treatment with atenolol in patients with mild hypertension		Australian and New Zealand journal of medicine			9		4	374-81						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial;		Home blood pressure monitoring and changes in plasma catecholamines during once or twice daily treatment with atenolol in patients with mild hypertension								Pubmed 389223						CN-00021612				1. The effects of atenolol on diurnal blood pressure control, heart rate and plasma catecholamines were studied in nine hypertensives, six of whom also received diuretics. The patients completed a double-blind trial in which the effects of once and twice daily administration of atenolol were compared with placebo. 2. Atenolol (100 mg) given once a day produced significant reduction in diurnal blood pressures recorded at home but the effect was slightly less than either 50 mg given twice a day or 200 mg once a day. 3. Effects on heart rate and blood pressure were seen within 36 hours of the first dose, and were near maximal at 72 hours. After cessation of the drug, mean resting heart rate increased gradually and reached pre-treatment levels five days later, suggesting strong tissue binding of atenolol. Blood pressure increased more slowly over 8--10 days. 4. Plasma noradrenaline levels were increased at rest with atenolol. This argues strongly against the antihypertensive effect of atenolol being due to a reduction of sympathetic nerve activity. 5. Once daily administration of atenolol in this group of patients with mild hypertension produced satisfactory diurnal blood pressure control and beta blockade without "rebound" hypertension on cessation of therapy.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/612/CN-00021612/frame.html										
D. McKenzie, R. Johnson, J. Harvey-Berino and B. Gold	2002	Impact of interviewer's body mass index on underreporting energy intake in overweight and obese women		Obesity research			10		6	471-7						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Impact of interviewer's body mass index on underreporting energy intake in overweight and obese women								Pubmed 12055323						CN-00408847				OBJECTIVE: To determine if overweight and obese women provide more accurate reports of their energy intake by 1) in-person recall with an obese interviewer, 2) in-person recall with a lean interviewer, or 3) telephone recall with an unknown interviewer. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Eighty-eight overweight and obese women participated in this study. Subjects completed one telephone-administered multiple-pass 24-hour recall (MP24R) with an unknown interviewer and were then randomly assigned to an in-person MP24R with either a lean or obese interviewer to gather reported energy intake (rEI). Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was measured using a Deltrac monitor, and physical activity (EEPA) was estimated using a Caltrac accelerometer. Therefore, estimated energy expenditure was determined by: estTEE = (BMR + EEPA) x 1.10. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the two in-person interview modes for subject age, weight, body mass index, percentage of body fat, total energy expenditure, rEI, and misreporting of energy intake. In-person recall data were combined for comparison with the telephone recalls. No significant difference was found between the in-person and telephone recalls for rEI and misreporting. Mean reported energy intake was significantly lower than estimated total energy expenditure for the telephone recalls and combined (lean and obese modes) in-person recalls. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that interviewer body mass index had no impact on self-reported energy intake during an in-person MP24R, and that telephone recall data were comparable with in-person recalls. Underreporting was a widespread problem ( approximately 26%) for all modes in this sample.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/847/CN-00408847/frame.html										
M. McKeon, E. Slevin and L. Taggart	2013	A pilot survey of physical activity in men with an intellectual disability		Journal of Intellectual Disabilities			17		2	157-67					Jun			A pilot survey of physical activity in men with an intellectual disability	J Intellect Disabil	1744-6309												23539608				People with intellectual disability (ID) are reported as a sedentary population with increased risks of poor health due to an inactive and sedentary lifestyle. As the benefits of physical activity are acknowledged, measuring physical activity accurately is important to help identify reasons for low and high physical activity in order to assist and maintain recommended levels for optimal health. This article reports a pilot study undertaken to validate the use of a physical activity monitor (Sensewear Armband) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) as instruments for measuring and exploring physical activity of men with ID. The design was a one-group descriptive study and the data were collected over a 7-day period from 17 men. The Sensewear Armband enabled continuous and long-term measurement of 14 objective physical activity metrics. The IPAQ examined details of physical activity reported over 7 days. Equivalent results were obtained from both the instruments, indicating a positive correlation between the Sensewear Armband and the IPAQ. The results show 50% have low activity levels, and the national recommended physical activity levels have been achieved at a very low active intensity. No sustainable high physical activity intensity levels were recorded. The results confirmed the Sensewear Armband and the IPAQ as a practical means of measuring and understanding physical activity levels in men with ID.	McKeon, Michael
Slevin, Eamonn
Taggart, Laurence		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23539608http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23539608&id=doi:10.1177%2F1744629513484666&issn=1744-6295&volume=17&issue=2&spage=157&pages=157-67&date=2013&title=+Journal+of+Intellectual+Disabilities&atitle=A+pilot+survey+of+physical+activity+in+men+with+an+intellectual+disability.&aulast=McKeon&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMcKeon+M%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23539608%3C%2FAN%3E		School of Nursing, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland. michael.mckeon@dcu.ie						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

R. McLaughlin, D. Malkova and M. Nimmo	2006	Spontaneous activity responses to exercise in males and females		European journal of clinical nutrition			60		9	1055-61						Randomized Controlled Trial		Spontaneous activity responses to exercise in males and females								Pubmed 16493451						CN-00570241				OBJECTIVE: This study examines the impact of a short-term exercise programme, prescribed on the basis of current exercise recommendations, on energy balance in males and females to assess whether this type of exercise induces compensatory changes in spontaneous activity energy expenditure (SAEE) and energy intake (EI). DESIGN: Individuals were monitored for 16 days, 8 days of habitual physical activity (C) and 8 days when exercise was imposed (E). Total energy expenditure (TEE) was calculated from individual relationships of VO2 and VCO2 to heart rate (HR) records of HR and physical activity obtained during waking hours of the C and E periods and basal metabolic rate (BMR) measurements (Deltatrac System, Datex Instrumentation). Changes in nude body mass (BM) were estimated by using a digital scale (Sartorius AG, Gottigen, Germany). SETTING: Laboratory and free-living. SUBJECTS: Eight lean females (body fat: 17.5+/-4.5%) and eight males of similar percentage body fat participated in this study. All subjects were Caucasian and aged between 20 and 25 years. INTERVENTION: During the E period, a supervised exercise session was conducted every second day, each consisting of a total net energy expenditure of 2092 kJ+BMR at 90% lactate threshold. RESULTS: During the E period, TEE was higher than C in males and females (exercise: 95.2+/-13.9, 78.3+/-15.9 MJ; control: 82.4+/-10.4, 68.8+/-16.7 MJ, respectively; P<0.00; P=0.02). SAEE, calculated as TEE minus the energy expended during exercise, was not significantly different between C (males: 82.4+/-4.8 MJ; females: 68.8+/-7.6 MJ) and E (males: 86.8+/-6.3 MJ; females: 70.0+/-7.2 MJ) periods in either gender. Males showed no change in BM over the C (pre-intervention: 83.4+/-7.2 kg; post-intervention: 83.1+/-6.8 kg) or E (pre-intervention: 83.4+/-6.8 kg; post-intervention: 83.4+/-6.8 kg) periods. Females' BM over the C period did not alter (pre-intervention: 63.3+/-2.8 kg; post-intervention 63.7+/-3.1 kg); however, there was a significant decrease (P<0.00) in BM over the E period (pre-intervention: 63.0+/-2.7 kg; post-intervention: 62.4+/-2.7 kg). CONCLUSION: The exercise programme was achieved in males and females without any impact on SAEE. Therefore, differences between genders in relation to BM reduction can be explained by differences in the EI response to exercise.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/241/CN-00570241/frame.html										
J. McLenachan, F. Weidinger, J. Barry, A. Yeung, E. Nabel, M. Rocco and A. Selwyn	1991	Relations between heart rate, ischemia, and drug therapy during daily life in patients with coronary artery disease		Circulation			83		4	1263-70						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Relations between heart rate, ischemia, and drug therapy during daily life in patients with coronary artery disease								Pubmed 1901527						CN-00074455				BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that little if any increase in heart rate occurs 1 minute before the onset of ischemia in ambulant patients with coronary artery disease. This study tested the hypothesis that there are characteristic relations between heart rate and ischemia in ambulant patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-one patients with proven coronary disease demonstrated 212 episodes of ischemia during 504 hours of continuous monitoring of the electrocardiogram. An important increase in heart rate (from 74 +/- 11 to 90 +/- 14 beats/min, p less than 0.001) occurred between 5 and 30 minutes (not 1 minute) before the onset of ischemia. A significantly higher heart rate at onset of ischemia was seen during Bruce protocol exercise testing than during daily life (117 +/- 12 versus 95 +/- 15 beats/min, p less than 0.01). However, when a less-strenuous, but more prolonged, exercise protocol was used in a subgroup of patients (n = 12), ischemia occurred at a heart rate that was significantly lower than during the Bruce protocol (88 +/- 14 versus 103 +/- 15 beats/min, p less than 0.05) and was not significantly different from the threshold heart rate at onset of ischemia during daily life (88 +/- 14 versus 84 +/- 12 beats/min, p = NS). As part of two placebo-controlled trials, treatment with both propranolol and nitroglycerin altered the distribution of ischemic events by heart rate but in opposite directions. Although propranolol largely eliminated events occurring at high (greater than 100 beats/min) and moderate (80-100 beats/min) heart rates, the number of events at low (less than 80 beats/min) heart rates was increased. In contrast, nitroglycerin reduced episodes at low and moderate heart rates only. CONCLUSIONS: Important increases in heart rate occur before the onset of ischemia during daily life, but this increase occurs much earlier than has been reported. Duration of heart rate increase appears to influence the heart rate threshold for ischemia, and this may contribute to the occurrence of ischemia at lower heart rates during daily life than during standard exercise testing. Last, different classes of drugs appear to have characteristic effects on ischemia occurring at different heart rates that may be useful in planning therapy.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/455/CN-00074455/frame.html										
M. McMurdo, J. Sugden, I. Argo, P. Boyle, D. Johnston, F. Sniehotta and P. Donnan	2010	Do pedometers increase physical activity in sedentary older women? A randomized controlled trial		Journal of the American Geriatrics Society			58		11	2099-106						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Do pedometers increase physical activity in sedentary older women? A randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 21054290						CN-00770775				OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of a behavior change intervention (BCI) with or without a pedometer in increasing physical activity in sedentary older women. DESIGN: Prospective randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Primary care, City of Dundee, Scotland. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred four sedentary women aged 70 and older. INTERVENTIONS: Six months of BCI, BCI plus pedometer (pedometer plus), or usual care. MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcome: change in daily activity counts measured by accelerometry. Secondary outcomes: Short Physical Performance Battery, health-related quality of life, depression and anxiety, falls, and National Health Service resource use. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-nine of 204 (88%) women completed the 6-month trial. Withdrawals were highest from the BCI group (15/68) followed by the pedometer plus group (8/68) and then the control group (2/64). After adjustment for baseline differences, accelerometry counts increased significantly more in the BCI group at 3 months than in the control group (P = .002) and the pedometer plus group (P = .04). By 6 months, accelerometry counts in both intervention groups had fallen to levels that were no longer statistically significantly different from baseline. There were no significant changes in the secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION: The BCI was effective in objectively increasing physical activity in sedentary older women. Provision of a pedometer yielded no additional benefit in physical activity, but may have motivated participants to remain in the trial.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/775/CN-00770775/frame.html										
P. McNair and S. Stanley	1996	Effect of passive stretching and jogging on the series elastic muscle stiffness and range of motion of the ankle joint		British journal of sports medicine			30		4	313-8								Effect of passive stretching and jogging on the series elastic muscle stiffness and range of motion of the ankle joint														CN-00181307				Objective-To determine the effect of stretching and jogging on the series elastic muscle stiffness of the plantar flexors and on the range of dorsiflexion at the ankle joint. Methods-24 healthy subjects participated in this study. Each subject undertook all of the following protocols, in random order: (1) stretching protocol: five 30 s static stretches with 30 s rest between stretches; (2) aerobic jogging protocol: subjects ran on a treadmill for 10 min at 60% of their maximum age predicted heart rate; (3) combined protocol: subjects ran first and then stretched. A damped oscillation technique was used to measure the series elastic stiffness of the plantar flexors. Dorsiflexion of the ankle was assessed with a weights and pulley system that moved the ankle joint from a neutral position into dorsiflexion passively. Electromyography was used to monitor the activity of the plantar and dorsiflexors during these procedures. The statistical analysis of these data involved an analysis of covariance Results-For decreasing series elastic muscle stiffness running was more effective than stretching (P < 0.05). In contrast, the results for range of motion showed that the combination protocol and the stretching only protocol were more effective than the running only protocol (P < 0.05) for increasing dorsiflexion range of motion at the ankle. Conclusions-Both jogging and static stretching exercises appear to be beneficial to individuals participating in sporting activities. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B. V., Amsterdam. All Rights Reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/307/CN-00181307/frame.html										
K. McRae and S. Galloway	2012	Carbohydrate-electrolyte drink ingestion and skill performance during and after 2 hr of indoor tennis match play		International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism			22		1	38-46						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Carbohydrate-electrolyte drink ingestion and skill performance during and after 2 hr of indoor tennis match play								Pubmed 22248499						CN-00970912				Twenty-two tennis players were individually studied on 2 occasions. They performed a prematch skill test, a 2-hr tennis match against an equally ranked opponent, and a postmatch skill test. A carbohydrate-electrolyte (CHO-E; Lucozade Sport) or flavor-matched placebo-electrolyte (PL) beverage was administered in a double-blind fashion. During the trials, heart-rate and movement intensity were monitored, and the match was recorded for performance analysis. There were no differences in skill-test scores pre- to postmatch or between trials (154±38 pre- and 160±35 postmatch on PL, 155±36 pre- and 165±33 postmatch on CHO-E). CHO-E ingestion elevated blood glucose concentration throughout the match, and participants reported feeling more energetic (general activation) and more tense (high activation) 1 hr into the match than at baseline (p<.05). Participants in the CHO-E trial spent more time in moderate-intensity activity and less time in low-intensity activity than on PL. Performance analysis revealed that CHO-E ingestion increased overall serve success (M±SD, 68%±7% for CHO-E vs. 66%±7% for PL; p<.05) and success of first serves (65%±9% for CHO-E, 61%±7% for PL; p<.01) and serves to the advantage side (70%±9% for CHO-E, 66%±7% for PL; p<.05). Return success was greater during the second set of the match (p<.05) in the CHO-E trial. Differences in serve and return success were not associated with blood glucose response to CHO or player ability.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/912/CN-00970912/frame.html										
A. McTiernan, C. Ulrich, D. Yancey, S. Slate, H. Nakamura, N. Oestreicher, D. Bowen, Y. Yasui, J. Potter and R. Schwartz	1999	The Physical Activity for Total Health (PATH) Study: rationale and design		Medicine and science in sports and exercise			31		9	1307-12						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		The Physical Activity for Total Health (PATH) Study: rationale and design								Pubmed 10487373						CN-00167490				PURPOSE: Physical activity has been associated with a decreased risk for breast cancer. Mechanisms for this association may involve hormonal pathways. The Physical Activity for Total Health study is testing the effect of a 1-yr moderate intensity physical activity intervention on the endogenous sex hormone profile of postmenopausal women in a randomized controlled study. METHODS: Women (N = 168) who are aged 55-75 yr, not using sex hormones, sedentary, nonsmokers, have no endocrine-related disease or cancer, and with body mass index of 25.0 or greater, are eligible. Women are recruited through mass mailings and media advertising and are randomized to either a 1-yr moderate intensity aerobic and strength training exercise program (monitored group exercise sessions plus home exercise) or a control program (stretching classes). RESULTS: Serum hormones to be assayed at baseline and at the end of the study include: total estrone, total estradiol, free estradiol, percent bioavailable estradiol, estrone sulfate, sex hormone binding globulin, albumin, testosterone, free testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, insulin, glucose, and triglycerides. Other outcome measures include: the ratio of urinary 2-hydroxyestrone: 16alpha-hydroxyestrone (an estrogen metabolite ratio that may be associated with risk for breast cancer), weight, body mass index, total fat mass, and body fat distribution (waist:hip circumference ratio, DEXA scan, and abdominal fat measured by computed tomography). CONCLUSION: This study is the first to examine the effect of change in physical activity level on sex hormones in postmenopausal women. It will provide insight into possible mechanisms through which physical activity might be associated with reduced risk of breast cancer.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/490/CN-00167490/frame.html										
F. Meerson, V. Skibitski and T. Petrova	1991	[First experience in clinical trials of the new domestic drug acediprol used in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias]		Kardiologiia			31		11	54-7						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; English Abstract;		[First experience in clinical trials of the new domestic drug acediprol used in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias]								Pubmed 1805068						CN-00083001				The antiarrhythmic effect of sodium valproate (acidoprol) on the degree of arrhythmic manifestations was examined in 18 patients with neurocirculatory dystonia (NCD) and 19 with coronary heart disease (CHD). A 24-hour ECG monitoring and recording were performed on emotional stress and exercise. The antiarrhythmic effect of the agent was evaluated by the blind method and placebo. The course of its therapy was found to reduce the frequency of ventricular premature contractions in 14 patients with NCD and to substantially limit or eliminate the arrhythmogenic effect of emotional stress and exercise. In CHD, the antiarrhythmic effect of acedoprol was less, it being shown only by 6 patients, but the effect failed to occur during exercise. However, the arrhythmogenic effect of emotional stress in CHD was significantly limited. Thus, the GAMA-ergic, stress-limiting system activator acedoprol has antiarrhythmic activity in cardiac patients, but its activity is drastically pronounced in NCD and less marked in CHD.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/001/CN-00083001/frame.html										
E. L. Melanson, Jr. and P. S. Freedson	1995	Validity of the Computer Science and Applications, Inc. (CSA) activity monitor		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			27		6	934-40					Jun			Validity of the Computer Science and Applications, Inc. (CSA) activity monitor	Med Sci Sports Exerc	0195-9131												7658958				The validity of the Computer Science and Applications, Inc. (CSA) accelerometer in assessing physical activity was assessed during treadmill walking and running at three different grades. Energy expenditure (EE) served as the criterion measure. CSA data were compared to data collected with the Caltrac accelerometer. Both accelerometers were sensitive to changes in treadmill speed, but neither discriminated changes in treadmill grade. Caltrac and CSA activity counts were significantly and similarly correlated with EE (r = 0.66-0.82), relative VO2 (r = 0.77-0.89), heart rate (r = 0.66-0.80), treadmill speed (r = 0.82-0.92), and with each other (r = 0.77-0.82). CSA data were used to develop models to predict EE (kcal.min-1). Cross-validation resulted in a mean difference between actual and predicted EE of 0.02 kcal.min-1 (SEE = 0.85 kcal.min-1). The range of individual differences in the validation group was large for both the CSA model (-2.86 to +3.86 kcal.min-1) and Caltrac (-4.17 to +2.04 kcal.min-1). It is concluded that the CSA and Caltrac accelerometers have similar validity and that either instrument can be used to estimate EE of groups.	Melanson, E L Jr
Freedson, P S		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=7658958http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1988+to+1995%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:7658958&id=doi:&issn=0195-9131&volume=27&issue=6&spage=934&pages=934-40&date=1995&title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&atitle=Validity+of+the+Computer+Science+and+Applications%2C+Inc.+%28CSA%29+activity+monitor.&aulast=Melanson+EL&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMelanson+EL+Jr%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E7658958%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Exercise Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

A. Melin and L. Bygren	1993	Perceived functional health of frail elderly in a primary home care programme and correlation of self-perception with objective measurements		Scandinavian journal of social medicine			21		4	256-63						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Perceived functional health of frail elderly in a primary home care programme and correlation of self-perception with objective measurements								Pubmed 8310278						CN-00098996				This study examined the effects of a primary home care intervention programme on self-assessed functional health, and the correlation of self-perception with objective measures in frail elderly subjects. Elderly patients about to be discharged from an acute hospital, at risk for institutionalization, were randomly assigned to physician-led primary home care or to standard care. After early post-hospital in-home intervention and assessment, ongoing medical care and treatment were monitored by a multidisciplinary team. Functional data were collected at baseline and after six months. Self-rated and objectively rated functional variables included medical factors, personal and instrumental activities of daily living, ambulation, and social activities and contacts. From study entry to follow-up, the scores for personal activities of daily living were significantly increased in team and control subjects as were social contacts in the team subjects (P = 0.03). No differences between team and control groups were found for self-rated functions from study entry to follow-up, except for a tentatively statistical significance in self-rated physical health in favour of the team subjects. Positive correlations were recorded between all self-rated and objectively rated functions, but they were stronger at follow-up. Physical health and social contacts were overrated, whereas indoor ambulation and social activities were underrated compared to objective measures at follow-up. Personal activities of daily living, were overrated at study entry, but showed substantial agreement at follow-up (0.62). Within demographic subgroups patients over 80 showed a stronger correlation between self-rated and objectively measured social functions after six months than younger patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/996/CN-00098996/frame.html										
F. Mendes, F. Almeida, A. Cukier, R. Stelmach, W. Jacob-Filho, M. Martins and C. Carvalho	2011	Effects of aerobic training on airway inflammation in asthmatic patients		Medicine and science in sports and exercise			43		2	197-203						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of aerobic training on airway inflammation in asthmatic patients								Pubmed 20581719						CN-00781825				PURPOSE: there is evidence suggesting that physical activity has anti-inflammatory effects in many chronic diseases; however, the role of exercise in airway inflammation in asthma is poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the effects of an aerobic training program on eosinophil inflammation (primary aim) and nitric oxide (secondary aim) in patients with moderate or severe persistent asthma. METHODS: sixty-eight patients randomly assigned to either control (CG) or aerobic training (TG) groups were studied during the period between medical consultations. Patients in the CG (educational program + breathing exercises; N = 34) and TG (educational program + breathing exercises + aerobic training; N = 34) were examined twice a week during a 3-month period. Before and after the intervention, patients underwent induced sputum, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), pulmonary function, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Asthma symptom-free days were quantified monthly, and asthma exacerbation was monitored during 3 months of intervention. RESULTS: at 3 months, decreases in the total and eosinophil cell counts in induced sputum (P = 0.004) and in the levels of FeNO (P = 0.009) were observed after intervention only in the TG. The number of asthma symptom-free days and VO(2max) also significantly improved (P < 0.001), and lower asthma exacerbation occurred in the TG (P < 0.01). In addition, the TG presented a strong positive relationship between baseline FeNO and eosinophil counts as well as their improvement after training (r = 0.77 and r = 0.9, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: aerobic training reduces sputum eosinophil and FeNO in patients with moderate or severe asthma, and these benefits were more significant in subjects with higher levels of inflammation. These results suggest that aerobic training might be useful as an adjuvant therapy in asthmatic patients under optimized medical treatment.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/825/CN-00781825/frame.html										
A. S. Menezes, F. M. Martinelli, C. Menezes, R. Costa and J. Ramires	2007	Effects of the association of dual-site dynamic atrial overdrive and atenolol in preventing recurrent atrial fibrillation		Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia			88		1	1-7						Randomized Controlled Trial		Effects of the association of dual-site dynamic atrial overdrive and atenolol in preventing recurrent atrial fibrillation								Pubmed 17364111						CN-00609363				OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effects of optimized atrial stimulation--OAS (dual-site atrial pacing, heart rate above the intrinsic rate, and specific functional algorithm), and the use of atenolol in preventing recurrent atrial fibrillation (AF). Primary endpoint: to quantify the rate of AF episodes. Secondary endpoints: assessment of quality of life, specific cardiovascular symptoms, rate of hospital admissions, rate of electrical and pharmacological cardioversions, and adverse cardiac events. METHODS: Twenty-five patients with recurrent episodes of paroxysmal AF and sinus node disease had dual-site atrial and ventricular pacemakers implanted, and were started on atenolol, 100 mg/day. Next, they were randomized to two groups: GROUP I: first three months with OAS and the specific pacing algorithm (DAO) turned on, and three more months with the algorithm off. GROUP II: the inverse sequence to GROUP I. The pacing mode chosen was DDDR, and after three months patients underwent clinical and electronic evaluations of the stimulation system by: automatic mode switch (AMS), 24-hour Holter monitoring, Doppler echocardiogram, and SF-36 questionnaire. Following, a crossover comparison took place, and a new assessment was performed six months later. RESULTS: When compared to the group with the algorithm turned off, OAS patients had lower rates of: AF/week (p < 0.001); AMS activations (p < 0.01); hospitalizations (p < 0.001); cardioversions (p < 0.001), and higher scores on the physical and mental components of quality of life. CONCLUSION: The hybrid therapy adopted, OAS associated with the use of atenolol, reduced the rate of recurrent AF and improved the clinical-functional status of patients with symptomatic bradyarrhythmias.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/363/CN-00609363/frame.html										
A. T. Merchant, M. Dehghan and N. Akhtar-Danesh	2007	Seasonal variation in leisure-time physical activity among Canadians		Canadian Journal of Public Health. Revue Canadienne de Sante Publique			98		3	203-8					May-Jun			Seasonal variation in leisure-time physical activity among Canadians	Can J Public Health	0008-4263												17626385				BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality is higher in winter than summer, particularly in cold climates. Physical activity reduces CVD risk but climate impacts participation in physical activity. Canada has substantial climatic variation but its relation with physical activity is understudied. In this investigation, we evaluated the relation between seasonality and physical activity among Canadians.
METHODS: We used public domain data from the Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2 (CCHS 2.2), a representative, cross-sectional sample of free-living Canadians in 2004. Leisure-time physical activity was measured using a modified version of the Physical Activity Monitor that was validated. Season was determined by the time of the interview, i.e., Winter: January 1 to March 31, Spring: April 1 to June 30, Summer: July 1 to September 30, and Fall: October 1 to December 31. In all multivariate models, we adjusted for age, sex, education, and income adequacy.
RESULTS: There were 20,197 persons aged 19 years and older in this analysis. In the winter, 64% of Canadians were inactive as compared with 49% in the summer. Total average daily energy expenditure was 31.0% higher in summer than winter after multivariate adjustment. Leisure-time physical activity was 86% more likely in the summer than winter (multivariate OR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.40, 2.45). The relation between seasonality and physical activity was weakest in Newfoundland and Labrador and stronger in Saskatchewan and British Columbia (p-value for interaction = 0.02).
INTERPRETATION: Seasonality impacts physical activity patterns in Canada and varies across the provinces. This needs to be considered in physical activity programming.	Merchant, Anwar T
Dehghan, Mahshid
Akhtar-Danesh, Noori		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17626385http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:17626385&id=doi:&issn=0008-4263&volume=98&issue=3&spage=203&pages=203-8&date=2007&title=Canadian+Journal+of+Public+Health.+Revue+Canadienne+de+Sante+Publique&atitle=Seasonal+variation+in+leisure-time+physical+activity+among+Canadians.&aulast=Merchant&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMerchant+AT%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E17626385%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON. anwar.merchant@post.harvard.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

D. Merom, C. Rissel, P. Phongsavan, B. Smith, C. Kemenade, W. Brown and A. Bauman	2007	Promoting walking with pedometers in the community: the step-by-step trial		American journal of preventive medicine			32		4	290-7						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Promoting walking with pedometers in the community: the step-by-step trial								Pubmed 17303369						CN-00586909				BACKGROUND: Pedometers have been identified as a potential motivational aid for increasing physical activity, but their efficacy has not been demonstrated in a community-based, nonclinical sample. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial was conducted from August to December 2005. Analysis was completed in June 2006. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Inactive adults aged 30-65 years (n=369) recruited from the community. INTERVENTION: Comparison of a theoretically based self-help walking program (WP) and weekly diaries (sent by mail); the same walking program with a pedometer (WPP) (also by mail); and a no-treatment control group (C). MEASURES: Change in self-reported leisure time in any sports/recreation in the last 3 months, and all-purpose walking (APW) for exercise, recreation, and travel, and other moderate, vigorous physical activity in the last week. Proportions meeting physical activity recommendations (equal to or greater than 150 minutes and equal to or greater than five sessions/week(-1)) were determined. RESULTS: A 3-month follow-up interview was conducted with 314 (85%) participants. Intention-to-treat analyses indicated significance within-group increases of APW and leisure-time walking (LTW), but mean and median sessions and minutes changes were greatest in the WPP group. There were no significant between-group differences in regular LTW (walked equal to or greater than 5 sessions/week(-1) for at least 30 minutes/session), but the WPP group increased significantly participation in other sports/recreations and was more likely than the control group to meet physical activity recommendations by all leisure-time physical activity (adjusted odds ratio=2.40, 95% CI=1.17-4.93), by APW (adjusted odds ratio=1.75 95% CI=0.92-3.34) and all physical activity (adjusted odds ratio=1.59 95% CI=0.92-2.79) in the last week. CONCLUSIONS: Pedometers enhanced the effects of the self-help walking program. This low-cost intervention should be tested for sustainability.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/909/CN-00586909/frame.html										
B. S. Metcalf, J. S. H. Curnow, C. Evans, L. D. Voss and T. J. Wilkin	2002	Technical reliability of the CSA activity monitor: the EarlyBird study		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			34		9	1533-1537								Technical reliability of the CSA activity monitor: the EarlyBird study		0195-9131												2003041295. Language: English. Entry Date: 20030307. Revision Date: 20091218. Publication Type: journal article				PURPOSE: To evaluate the technical performance of the CSA accelerometer-based activity monitor. METHODS: Twenty-three CSA monitors were subjected to intra- and inter-instrument variability tests by controlled trials using a motorized turntable. The CSA monitor measures change in acceleration, and precision was tested by producing sinusoidal variations in speed around two fixed baseline speeds (fast and medium). The angle of the monitor to the line of force along the radius of the turntable was varied using tilted blocks. Three sets of tests were carried out. 1. Intra-instrument variability: seven monitors were tested three times in each of the four quadrants. 2. All 23 monitors were used for inter-instrument tests. 3. The effects of tilt at 15 degrees, 30 degrees, and 45 degrees were carried out on six monitors. RESULTS: Intra-instrument coefficients of variation (CV) never exceeded 2% for fast or medium speed and achieved "between run" intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) of 0.92 and 0.84 respectively. There were no significant differences between the monitors in terms of repeatability (fast: = 0.97, medium: = 0.77). Although there were significant differences between monitors in terms of mean score, inter-instrument variability did not exceed 5% at either speed. Inter-batch ICCs ranged from 0.87 to 0.98 for fast and from 0.71 to 0.99 for medium. The angle test results corresponded closely to those predicted theoretically, with a loss in mean score of only 6% when the monitor was tilted from 0 degrees to 15 degrees. CONCLUSION: The CSA monitor provides a precise tool for measuring changes in acceleration in laboratory settings. Technically, the device performs well, and is likely to prove a useful tool in the assessment of physical activity in children and adults.	equations & formulas; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Grant Information: Roche Products, Smith's Charity (London), The Child Growth Foundation, and the London Law Trust. No. of Refs: 18 ref. NLM UID: 8005433. Email: brad.metcalf@phnt.swest.nhs.uk.
PMID: 12218751		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2003041295&site=ehost-live		University Medicine, Level 7, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK						rzh	EBSCOhost	
B. S. Metcalf, J. S. Curnow, C. Evans, L. D. Voss and T. J. Wilkin	2002	Technical reliability of the CSA activity monitor: The EarlyBird Study		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			34		9	1533-7					Sep	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Technical reliability of the CSA activity monitor: The EarlyBird Study	Med Sci Sports Exerc	0195-9131												12218751				PURPOSE: To evaluate the technical performance of the CSA accelerometer-based activity monitor.
METHODS: Twenty-three CSA monitors were subjected to intra- and inter-instrument variability tests by controlled trials using a motorized turntable. The CSA monitor measures change in acceleration, and precision was tested by producing sinusoidal variations in speed around two fixed baseline speeds (fast and medium). The angle of the monitor to the line of force along the radius of the turntable was varied using tilted blocks. Three sets of tests were carried out. 1. Intra-instrument variability: seven monitors were tested three times in each of the four quadrants. 2. All 23 monitors were used for inter-instrument tests. 3. The effects of tilt at 15 degrees, 30 degrees, and 45 degrees were carried out on six monitors.
RESULTS: Intra-instrument coefficients of variation (CV) never exceeded 2% for fast or medium speed and achieved "between run" intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) of 0.92 and 0.84 respectively. There were no significant differences between the monitors in terms of repeatability (fast: = 0.97, medium: = 0.77). Although there were significant differences between monitors in terms of mean score, inter-instrument variability did not exceed 5% at either speed. Inter-batch ICCs ranged from 0.87 to 0.98 for fast and from 0.71 to 0.99 for medium. The angle test results corresponded closely to those predicted theoretically, with a loss in mean score of only 6% when the monitor was tilted from 0 degrees to 15 degrees.
CONCLUSION: The CSA monitor provides a precise tool for measuring changes in acceleration in laboratory settings. Technically, the device performs well, and is likely to prove a useful tool in the assessment of physical activity in children and adults.	Metcalf, Brad S
Curnow, John S H
Evans, Colin
Voss, Linda D
Wilkin, Terence J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12218751http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:12218751&id=doi:&issn=0195-9131&volume=34&issue=9&spage=1533&pages=1533-7&date=2002&title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&atitle=Technical+reliability+of+the+CSA+activity+monitor%3A+The+EarlyBird+Study.&aulast=Metcalf&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMetcalf+BS%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E12218751%3C%2FAN%3E		University Medicine Level 7, Derriford Hospital, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK. brad.metcalf@phnt.swest.nhs.uk						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

R. Metelka, O. Weinbergová, J. Opavský, J. Salinger and J. Ostranský	1999	Short-term heart rate variability changes after exercise training in subjects following myocardial infarction		Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultatis Medicae			142			79-82						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial;		Short-term heart rate variability changes after exercise training in subjects following myocardial infarction								Pubmed 10743730						CN-00276831				Heart rate variability reflects the activity of autonomic nervous system. The aim was to evaluate the value of short-term spectral analysis of heart rate for monitoring the effects of exercise training on the autonomic nervous system in subjects following myocardial infarction. Short-term spectral analysis of heart rate variability was performed during standardised supine-standing-supine test in a group of 29 clinically stable patients after myocardial infarction and the same test was repeated after 2 months of exercise training (ergometry or rapid walking). Each subject exercised at 60-80% of his maximal performance for 30 minutes once a day. Short-term spectral analysis of heart rate variability was assessed in the frequency range of 0.02-0.5 Hz involving very low frequency (VLF, 0.02-0.05 Hz), low frequency (LF, 0.05-0.15 Hz) and high frequency (HF, 0.15-0.5 Hz) spectral bands. The influence of exercise training on the autonomic nervous system was registered in the physically active group (n = 16) as a decrease in sympathetic response to standardised orthostatic load. In conclusions the regular exercise influenced an altered neural autonomic regulation of heart rate in post-infarction patients shown by a decrease in sympathetic activity in the short-term heart rate variability. This method enables monitoring of the effects of physical training on the autonomic nervous system in patients following myocardial infarction.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/831/CN-00276831/frame.html										
T. Meyer, M. Auracher, K. Heeg, A. Urhausen and W. Kindermann	2006	Does cumulating endurance training at the weekends impair training effectiveness?		European journal of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation			13		4	578-84						Randomized Controlled Trial		Does cumulating endurance training at the weekends impair training effectiveness?								Pubmed 16874148						CN-00571344				BACKGROUND: Due to occupational restrictions many people's recreational endurance activities are confined to the weekends. We intended to clarify if cumulating the training load in such a way diminishes endurance gains. DESIGN: We conducted a longitudinal study comparing training-induced changes within three independent samples. METHODS: Thirty-eight healthy untrained participants (45+/-8 years, 80+/-18 kg; 172+/-9 cm) were stratified for endurance capacity and sex and randomly assigned to three groups: 'weekend warrior' (n=13, two sessions per week on consecutive days, 75 min each, intensity 90% of the anaerobic threshold; baseline lactate+1.5 mmol/l), regular training (n=12, five sessions per week, 30 min each, same intensity as weekend warrior), and control (n=13, no training). Training was conducted over 12 weeks and monitored by means of heart rate. Identical graded treadmill protocols before and after the training program served for exercise prescription and assessment of endurance effects. RESULTS: VO2max improved similarly in weekend warrior (+3.4 ml/min per kg) and register training (+1.5 ml/min per kg; P=0.20 between groups). Compared with controls (-1.0 ml/min per kg) this effect was significant for weekend warriors (P<0.01) whereas there was only a tendency for the regular training group (P=0.10). In comparison with controls (mean decrease, 3 beats/min), the average heart rate during exercise decreased significantly by 11 beats/min (weekend warriors, P<0.01) and 9 beats/min (regular training, P<0.05). There was no significant difference, however, between the weekend warrior and regular training groups (P=0.99). CONCLUSION: In a middle-aged population of healthy untrained subjects, cumulating the training load at the weekends does not lead to an impairment of endurance gains in comparison with a smoother training distribution.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/344/CN-00571344/frame.html										
W. Meyer-Sabellek, K. Schulte, A. Distler and R. Gotzen	1987	Circadian antihypertensive profile of carvedilol (BM 14190)		Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology			10 Suppl 11			S119-23						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Circadian antihypertensive profile of carvedilol (BM 14190)								Pubmed 2454357						CN-00054222				Carvedilol (BM 14190) is a new potent and well-tolerated beta-adrenoceptor antagonist with vasodilating properties. Acute clinical studies have confirmed its efficacy as an antihypertensive agent. The present double-blind, randomized, metoprolol-controlled, long-term study reports the therapeutic results of carvedilol in essential hypertensive patients. Compared with placebo, carvedilol significantly reduces blood pressure after oral administration of 50 mg on a single and twice daily regimen. The antihypertensive effect was acute in onset, comparable in supine and standing position, and exercise-induced hypertension and tachycardia were significantly reduced. Indirect automatic 24 h blood pressure monitoring reliably confirmed clinic blood pressure and demonstrated a good antihypertensive effect of carvedilol after a single oral administration throughout daily activities and sleeping periods.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/222/CN-00054222/frame.html										
W. Meyer-Sabellek, K. Schulte, A. Distler and R. Gotzen	1987	Follow-up of a method of twenty-four-hour indirect blood pressure monitoring: evaluation of carvedilol, a new antihypertensive agent		Nephron			47 Suppl 1			42-6						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Follow-up of a method of twenty-four-hour indirect blood pressure monitoring: evaluation of carvedilol, a new antihypertensive agent								Pubmed 3320788						CN-00051565				Indirect automatic 24-hour blood pressure monitoring has been found to be reliable and valid and thus has been introduced for the evaluation of dosage and efficacy of antihypertensive drugs. The present double-blind placebo-controlled randomized long-term study reports the therapeutic results of the oral administration of a new beta-adrenergic blocking agent, carvedilol, with direct vasodilator activity in patients with primary hypertension. The antihypertensive effect was acute at onset and comparable in the supine and standing position judged by casual blood pressure readings. Indirect automatic blood pressure monitoring demonstrated a good antihypertensive effect throughout daily activities after single oral dosage. Despite some technical problems with the apparatus (Pressurometer III, Del Mar Avionics), a circadian pattern could be documented in both untreated and treated patients. Blood pressure and heart rate were normally distributed but less variable during treatment. The long-lasting antihypertensive effect was comparable to the commonly used beta-blocker metoprolol. A significantly reduced awakening blood pressure in the morning may indicate a beneficial effect on a possible prognostic factor in arterial hypertension.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/565/CN-00051565/frame.html										
N. Micco, B. Gold, P. Buzzell, H. Leonard, S. Pintauro and J. Harvey-Berino	2007	Minimal in-person support as an adjunct to internet obesity treatment		Annals of behavioral medicine			33		1	49-56						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Minimal in-person support as an adjunct to internet obesity treatment								Pubmed 17291170						CN-00586829				BACKGROUND: Internet-based weight-loss programs appear promising in the short-term but, to date, have not been able to produce the level of weight loss seen in traditional in-person treatment; thus, novel approaches are necessary. Using a combination of interactive technology and in-person support has been beneficial in other areas of medicine. PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to compare 12-month weight-loss outcomes of an Internet-only behavioral weight-loss treatment with the same program supplemented with monthly in-person meetings. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-three participants were randomized to an Internet-only (n = 62) or an Internet + in-person treatment (I+IPS; n = 61). All participants then participated in a 12-month behavioral weight-loss program conducted over the Internet. The groups met online weekly for the first 6 months and biweekly for the second half of the intervention. The I+IPS group had access to the same Web site as the Internet-only group but, once a month, attended an in-person meeting in place of an online chat. Assessments included body weight, program adherence, and social support measures. RESULTS: An intent-to-treat analysis (n = 123) revealed there were no significant Group x Time differences (p = .15) in weight loss at either 6 (-6.8 +/- 7.8 vs. -5.1 +/- 4.8, p = .15) or 12 months (-5.1 +/- 7.1 kg vs. -3.5 +/- 5.1 kg, p = .17, for Internet-only and I+IPS, respectively). Differences between groups for those completing all measures (n = 77) also revealed no significant differences at 6 months (-9.2 +/- 7.0 kg vs. -6.9 +/- 4.2 kg, p = .08) or 12 months (-8.0 +/- 7.5 kg vs. -5.6 +/- 5.5 kg, p = .10 for the Internet-only and I+IPS conditions, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation of an Internet weight-loss treatment with monthly in-person meetings did not result in greater weight losses over 12 months. Dynamic, socially supportive, and interactive elements of the Web site may have obviated the need for further interpersonal behavioral counseling.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/829/CN-00586829/frame.html										
Y. Miedany, M. Gaafary, N. Arousy, I. Ahmed, S. Youssef and D. Palmer	2012	Arthritis education: the integration of patient-reported outcome measures and patient self-management		Clinical and experimental rheumatology			30		6	899-904						Journal: Article		Arthritis education: the integration of patient-reported outcome measures and patient self-management								Pubmed 22992291						CN-00912319				OBJECTIVES: To assess the integration of PROMs and patient education, using the joint-fitness programme, and the effectiveness of this combined approach on disease activity and adherence to therapy. METHODS: This was a double-blind randomised controlled study which included 147 arthritic patients monitored over 18 months. Every patient completed a PROMs questionnaire. By the 6th month of treatment, the patients were randomly allocated to an active group (74 patients) that was able to view former self-reported PROMs scores and discuss the implementation of the joint fitness programme as a tool for psycho-educational interventions. The control group (73 patients) continued their treatment and management based on viewing their recorded PROMs and clinical assessment. The patients were assessed at 3 monthly intervals for another 12 months. The primary outcome was the change in the patients' adherence to their medications, disease activity score (DAS-28) and PROMs domains. RESULTS: The integration of patient education and PROMs led to a significant greater reduction of disease activity parameters, DAS-28 score, as well as improvement of the patients' adherence to therapy (p<0.01). The improvement of disease activity parameters was associated with the improvement in functional disability and quality of life scores. At 18-month-follow-up, both the self-management and cognitive behavioural therapy intervention demonstrated improvement for disease activity (effect size 1.4 and 1.2 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The integration of patient education and PROMs succeeded in improving self-perceived health as well as disease activity. The patient education for patients with inflammatory arthritis is feasible in the standard clinical practice.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/319/CN-00912319/frame.html										
M. mieta?ski	2008	Randomized clinical trial comparing a polypropylene with a poliglecaprone and polypropylene composite mesh for inguinal hernioplasty		British journal of surgery			95		12	1462-8						Comparative Study; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Randomized clinical trial comparing a polypropylene with a poliglecaprone and polypropylene composite mesh for inguinal hernioplasty								Pubmed 18991255						CN-00667901				BACKGROUND: : The aim was to assess whether a partially absorbable monofilament mesh could influence postoperative pain and time to return to normal activity after Lichtenstein hernioplasty. METHODS: : The study randomized patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair in 15 centres into two groups according to mesh type: lightweight (poliglecaprone-polypropylene composite) and heavyweight (polypropylene). A modified suture technique was used in the lightweight group. Follow-up on day 7 and at 3, 6 and 12 months evaluated the incidence of early and late complications, recurrence rate, quality of life, postoperative pain and return to physical activity. RESULTS: : A total of 600 patients were randomized and, after monitoring visits (leading to the exclusion of seven hospitals), 392 qualified for assessment. At 12 months, the recurrence rate did not differ (1.9 versus 0.6 per cent; P = 0.493). The lightweight group reported less pain on day 7 (55.2 versus 36.2 per cent; P < 0.001) and at 3 months (17.1 versus 9.8 per cent; P = 0.033) but pain was similar for both groups at 1 year. General health and physical activity according to Short Form 36 scores increased in both groups. CONCLUSION: : Use of partially absorbable mesh reduced postoperative pain in the short term. No difference in pain or recurrence rates were observed at 12 months. Registration number: CCT-NAPN-17412 (http://www.controlled-trials.com) Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/901/CN-00667901/frame.html										
W. Milano, F. Grillo, A. Mastro, M. Rosa, B. Sanseverino, C. Petrella and A. Capasso	2007	Appropriate intervention strategies for weight gain induced by olanzapine: a randomized controlled study		Advances in therapy			24		1	123-34						Randomized Controlled Trial		Appropriate intervention strategies for weight gain induced by olanzapine: a randomized controlled study								Pubmed 17526469						CN-00589198				Weight gain induced by antipsychotics is the second most frequently given reason for noncompliance with pharmacologic therapy; excessive sedative effects rank first, with extrapyramidal side effects ranking third. Frequently, weight gain leads to inconsistent pharmacologic treatment; this exposes patients to the risk of recurrent symptoms. In fact, one of the key contributors to good clinical outcomes in schizophrenic patients is compliance with pharmacologic treatment. The goals of this study were to evaluate weight gain in a group of patients treated with olanzapine, diet modifications, and moderate physical activity and to compare the findings with those from a second group of patients who were given only olanzapine treatment. For 8 wk, investigators followed 2 groups of patients suffering from schizophrenia and hypomania in bipolar disorder, according to the nosographic criteria of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). The first group (A) of 18 patients (9 female, 9 male) affected by manic episodes in bipolar disorder received olanzapine (10-20 mg/d), jogged lightly for 30 min 3 times a week, and complied with a diet that consisted of 500 kcal/d less than usual. The second group (B) of 10 patients (4 female, 6 male) with schizophrenia received only olanzapine (10-20 mg/d). All patients from both groups were weighed at the beginning of the observation period and weekly thereafter for 2 mo. After 2 mo of observation, group A showed a mean weight gain of 1.47 kg, whereas group B exhibited a mean weight gain of 3.5 kg; the difference between the 2 groups was almost 2 kg (P<.005). Group A showed a statistically significant reduction in weight gain compared with group B, clearly demonstrating the effectiveness of moderate physical activity and diet therapy in reducing weight gain in atypical antipsychotic treatment. Therefore, patient weight and body mass index must be monitored during the first weeks of antipsychotic treatment, with the goals of avoiding significant weight gain and treatment interruption.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/198/CN-00589198/frame.html										
G. Miller, R. Bell, M. Collis and T. Hoshizaki	1985	The relationship between perceived exertion and heart rate of post 50 year-old volunteers in two different walking activities		Journal of Human Movement Studies			11		4	187-95						Journal		The relationship between perceived exertion and heart rate of post 50 year-old volunteers in two different walking activities														CN-00357432				The relationship between Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and Heart Rate (HR) was studied in order to evaluate Borg's RPE-Scale as an accurate and complementary measure to HR monitoring in determining safe intensity levels during physical performance testing of post 50-year-old volunteers. Subjects included 105 females (X = 64.8 yr) and 97 males ( = 64.3 yr) who participated in either a timed 600 m walk or a 2 min on-the-spot walk. To measure individual exertion, Borg's 15 point RPE-Scale was administered immediately following the activity, HR was also measured at this time by an Exersentry monitoring device. Significant correlations between RPE and HR were found for females in both the 600 m walk (r = 0.48, p = 0.0003) and 2 min on-the-spot walk (r = 0.43, p = 0.002). For males a significant correlation was found only in the 2 min on-the-spot walk (r = 0.25, p = 0.05). No significant difference was found between the correlation values of performance tests I and II. A significant difference in the correlation values (p = 0.05) was found between male and female participants. It was concluded that: (a) the low correlation values obtained may illustrate the difficulty encountered when exercise intensity does not consist of progressively increasing workloads where the RPE of a particular workload is based on the RPE from previous workloads; (b) a similar relationship existed between RPE and HR for both performance tests I and II; (c) a stronger relationship existed between RPE and HR for women than for men.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/432/CN-00357432/frame.html										
G. Miller, J. Jakicic, W. Rejeski, M. Whit-Glover, W. Lang, M. Walkup and M. Hodges	2013	Effect of varying accelerometry criteria on physical activity: the look ahead study		Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)			21		1	32-44						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Effect of varying accelerometry criteria on physical activity: the look ahead study								Pubmed 23505166						CN-00874208				UNLABELLED: The importance of physical activity in weight management is widely documented. Although accelerometers offer an objective measure of activity that provide a valuable tool for intervention research, considerations for processing these data need further development. OBJECTIVE: This study tests the effects of using different criteria for accelerometry data reduction. DESIGN AND METHODS: Data were obtained from 2,240 overweight and obese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from the Look AHEAD study, with 2,177 baseline accelerometer files used for analysis. Number, duration, and intensity of moderate (? 3 metabolic equivalents (METS)) and vigorous (? 6 METS) activity bouts were compared using various data reduction criteria. Daily wear time was identified as 1,440 min/day minus non-wear time. Comparisons of physical activity patterns for non-wear time (using either 20, 30, or 60 min of continuous zeros), minimal daily wear time (8, 10, and 12 h), number of days with available data (4, 5, and 6 days), weekdays vs. weekends, and 1- or 2-min time interruptions in an activity bout were performed. RESULTS: In this mostly obese population with T2DM (BMI = 36.4 kg/m(2) ; mean age = 59.0 years), there were minimal differences in physical activity patterns using the different methods of data reduction. Altering criteria led to differences in the number of available data (sample size) meeting specific criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Although our results are likely directly applicable only to obese individuals with T2DM, an understudied population with regards to physical activity, the systematic analysis for data reduction employed can be more generalizable and provide guidance in this area in the absence of standard procedures.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/208/CN-00874208/frame.html										
C. Millett, D. Fish, P. Thompson and A. Johnson	1999	Seizures during video-game play and other common leisure pursuits in known epilepsy patients without visual sensitivity		Epilepsia			40 Suppl 4			59-64						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Seizures during video-game play and other common leisure pursuits in known epilepsy patients without visual sensitivity								Pubmed 10487175						CN-00167485				PURPOSE: Some individuals who are negative to flash/pattern sensitivity have been reported to experience seizures while exposed to video games. This study seeks to examine systematically whether exposure to video-game material is a risk factor for seizures in patients with chronic epilepsy without visual sensitivity. METHODS: Two hundred and twelve chronic epilepsy patients participated in the study. All were negative to rigorous flash and pattern sensitivity testing. They were randomly allocated to a video game-playing session or to a period of leisure (involving reading, physical exercise, puzzles, etc.) and then alternated between these activities for a fixed total of eight 45-min periods while undergoing video-EEG monitoring. The study ceased if the participant experienced a clinical seizure. RESULTS: Twenty-five of 212 subjects experienced a seizure while participating in the study. Thirteen seizures occurred during periods of video-game play, and 12 during alternative leisure. CONCLUSIONS: We have not identified a greater risk of seizures in patients with (not visually sensitive) epilepsy during video-game play compared with other common leisure pursuits. Furthermore, we exposed a large population (212 patients) mostly with severe epilepsy, mainly drug reduced and some sleep deprived, to prolonged video game-playing without observing a significant excess number of seizures. This finding provides strong support for the hypothesis that seizures during video game play in the >95% of the epilepsy population without visual sensitivity are most likely to represent a chance occurrence, although, as always, each individual should be carefully assessed.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/485/CN-00167485/frame.html										
K. Mishima, Y. Matsumoto, K. Satoh, T. Tozawa, M. Echizenya, M. Sasaki and Y. Hishikawa	1998	Circadian rhythmicity of cell-mediated immunity in human and influences of sleep deprivation		XXIst Collegium Internationale Neuro-psychopharmacologicum, Glasgow, Scotland. 12th-16th July, 1998.														Circadian rhythmicity of cell-mediated immunity in human and influences of sleep deprivation														CN-00282999				Many previous reports have demonstrated that there exists circadian rhythmicity of immune function in animal and human. In the present study, we investigated chronobiological properties of cellular immune functions and effects of sleep deprivation on them under constant routine condition with control of sleep time, activity levels, environmental light condition, food intake time and calories, and other masking effects in healthy young male volunteers. Ten healthy young men (average age = 20.9 years) who submitted informed consent participated in this study. All subjects were free from drugs, cigarette, alcohol and heavy exercise during at least the 7 days before their participation in the study. During this prestudy period, all subjects were asked to keep their ordinary daily routine with monitoring of wrist activity using an actigraph around the non-dominant wrist to confirm the regularity of sleep-waking pattern and average sleep onset time by means of computer-calculated sleep-wake determination. This study consisted of two 40-hour-periods; sleep-sleep (SS) and sleep-wake (SW) periods which took place with 2 to 4-week interval in a RANDOMIzed cross- over design. In both periods, each subject stayed in the experimental room (100 lux, 23± 2°C) with spine position from 4 hours before his average sleep onset time (circadian time ?0400 h; CT ?0400) until CT 3600. Sleep was allowed during CT 0000 to CT 0800 (SS and SW periods) and CT 2400-CT 3200 (SS period) with polysomnographically recordings. Food (150 Cal) and water (100 cc) were provided every 2 hours. Blood sampling for number/function of each lymphocyte fraction, natural killer (NK) cell activity, helper T cell (CD4), suppressor T cell (CD8), responsiveness to PHA/Con-A (every 4 hours), and for serum melatonin concentration (every 30 min to an hour) was performed through an intravenous catheter which had been placed in a forearm vein at CT ?0600. Dim light melatonin onset time at the first (second) night in SS and SW periods were CT ?0210 (CT 2253) and CT ?0224 (CT 2243), respectively, suggesting that circadian phases were adjusted between the SS and SW periods. Number of WBC, percentages of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, CD4, CD4/8 ratio, and NK cell activity showed significant circadian rhythmicity, however, neither responsiveness to PHA/Con-A nor number/percentage of CD8 did. Acute and antigen-non-specific immune response such as number of neutrophils/monocyte or NK cell activity showed high responsiveness during daytime, conversely, highly differentiated cell function such as number of lymphocytes, CD4, CD4/8 ratio showed significant increase during night-time. Comparative analysis between SS and SW periods have demonstrated that total sleep deprivation (CT 2400-CT 3200) induced significant increase in NK cell activity as well as significant decrease in CD4 and CD4/8 ratio simultaneously. ABSTRACT REF: PT09005			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/999/CN-00282999/frame.html										
F. Miskelly	2005	Electronic tracking of patients with dementia and wandering using mobile phone technology		Age & Ageing			34		5	497-9					Sep	Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial		Electronic tracking of patients with dementia and wandering using mobile phone technology	Age Ageing	0002-0729												16107453					Miskelly, Frank		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16107453http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:16107453&id=doi:&issn=0002-0729&volume=34&issue=5&spage=497&pages=497-9&date=2005&title=Age+%26+Ageing&atitle=Electronic+tracking+of+patients+with+dementia+and+wandering+using+mobile+phone+technology.&aulast=Miskelly&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMiskelly+F%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E16107453%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF, UK. f.miskelly@ic.ac.uk						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. Miyachi, Y. Ohmori, A. Morita, N. Aiba and S. Watanabe	2012	Effects of pedometer-based physical activity intervention on abdominal fat and blood pressure: Saku community-based randomized crossover intervention study		Journal of clinical hypertension			12			A14								Effects of pedometer-based physical activity intervention on abdominal fat and blood pressure: Saku community-based randomized crossover intervention study														CN-00764877				The increasing prevalence of obesity is a major public health concern. Physical activity (PA) and diet may promote weight and body fat loss. Objective: To examine the effects of accelerometer-based PA intervention on abdominal adiposity and blood pressures. Design: Randomized crossover intervention trial conducted from 2006 to 2008. Setting and Participants: A total of 235 overweight and obese (body mass index 28.0 or more) middle-aged men and women aged 50-65 years living in the Saku area, Nagano, Japan. Intervention: Participants were randomly assigned to an accelerometer-based PA intervention group (n = 119) or a control group (n = 116) for first year, and the intervention group was replaced in the second year. The intervention group had worn accelerometer and self-monitored their amount of PA for a year. They were interviewed regarding motivation for self-corrected problems with PA, discussing solutions and modifying action plans every 3 months. Main Outcome: Changes in amount of PA measured by accelerometry, dietary energy intake assessed by validated dietary history questionnaire, blood pressures, body weight, abdominal circumference, and abdominal fat determined by CT scan at 12 months. Results: Two year data were available for 217 men and women. One year intervention induced significant changes in daily step counts (+1697 steps/day), daily physical activity energy expenditure (-52 kcal/day), body weight (-4.9 kg), abdominal circumference (-4.4 cm), visceral fat area (-27 cm<sup>2</sup>), subcutaneous abdominal fat area (-40 cm<sup>2</sup>), and, systolic blood pressure (-7 mmHg). There was no such changes during control period. The changes in body weight, abdominal fat, and systolic blood pressure were significantly correlated with increases in daily step counts and physical activity energy expenditure (r = 0.5-0.6). Conclusions: This randomized crossover study of accelerometer- based PA intervention produced significant changes in PA, body weight, systolic blood pressure, and abdominal body fat. The increase in physical activity partially contributes to the changes in other primary outcomes. 25th Annual Scientific Meeting and Exposition of the American Society of Hypertension; 2010 May 1-4; New York, USA			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/877/CN-00764877/frame.html										
N. Miyai, M. Arita, K. Miyashita, I. Morioka, T. Shiraishi, I. Nishio and S. Takeda	2002	Antihypertensive effects of aerobic exercise in middle-aged normotensive men with exaggerated blood pressure response to exercise		Hypertension research			25		4	507-14						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Antihypertensive effects of aerobic exercise in middle-aged normotensive men with exaggerated blood pressure response to exercise								Pubmed 12358134						CN-00410296				An exaggerated blood pressure (BP) response to physical exertion among normotensive subjects is considered a significant risk factor for future hypertension. The purpose of this study was to examine whether regular aerobic exercise can lead to a reduction in hypertensive risks in patients with such a high-risk profile. Thirty-five sedentary men (46 +/- 2 years old) with normal BP at rest but an exaggerated BP response during exercise were randomly assigned to an exercise or control group for 12 weeks followed by an 8-week washout period. The subjects were then crossed over to the alternate group for an additional 12-week period. The exercise training consisted of 3 days per week of stationary bicycling for 45 min at 50-60% of the heart rate reserve. The treatment effects were evaluated using the method of Hills and Armitage. The training-induced reduction in resting BP was not statistically significant. In ambulatory BP monitoring, the averages of 24-h and daytime systolic and diastolic BP were significantly lower, but nighttime BP remained unchanged after training. During ergometric exercise, significant decreases were observed in systolic and diastolic BP and plasma norepinephrine concentration measured at the submaximal workloads. M-mode echocardiographic and Doppler-derived left ventricular variables were not significantly affected by training. These findings suggest that regular aerobic exercise attenuates BP elevations during physical exertion and daytime activities mainly as a result of the reduction in enhanced sympathetic nervous tonus, which may in turn play a role in lowering the risk for hypertension in normotensive subjects with an exaggerated BP response to exercise.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/296/CN-00410296/frame.html										
N. Miyatake, K. Takahashi, J. Wada, H. Nishikawa, A. Morishita, H. Suzuki, M. Kunitomi, H. Makino, S. Kira and M. Fujii	2003	Daily exercise lowers blood pressure and reduces visceral adipose tissue areas in overweight Japanese men		Diabetes research and clinical practice			62		3	149-57						Journal: Article		Daily exercise lowers blood pressure and reduces visceral adipose tissue areas in overweight Japanese men														CN-00474909				Objective: To investigate the link between a reduction in blood pressure (BP) and daily exercise. Design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal clinical intervention study with exercise education. Subjects: 43 overweight Japanese men aged 32-59 years (BMI, 29.0+2.3 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) at baseline. Among the participants, a randomly selected 23 overweight men (BMI, 28.5+1.7) were further enrolled into the 10 months exercise program. Measurements: BP was measured every week and steps per day were also recorded every day throughout the observation period. Fat distribution was evaluated by visceral fat (V) and subcutaneous fat (S) areas measured with computed tomography (CT) scanning at umbilical level, at before, 5 months and after intervention. Anthropometric parameters were also measured at same point. Aerobic exercise level, muscle strength, flexibility and calorie intake and insulin resistance (HOMA index) were investigated at before and after the study. Results: In a cross sectional analysis, systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were significantly correlated with body composition. In a second longitudinal analysis, SBP was significantly reduced at 2 months and DBP was also reduced at 3 months, and almost maintained until the end of the observation period. Increasing daily walking was observed in 3 months and maintained until 10 months. Body composition, aerobic exercise level, muscle strength, flexibility and insulin resistance were significantly improved. There was positive correlation between DBP and visceral fat area (1-5, 5-10, 1-10 months). By stepwise multiple regression analysis, only visceral fat area was independently related to DBP at a significant level (1-10 months: DBP=-0.608+0. 105visceral fat area, r<sup>2</sup>=0.227, P=0.0334). Conclusion: The present study indicated daily exercise lowers BP and visceral fat area is the critical factor for BP change. 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/909/CN-00474909/frame.html										
V. Mock, K. Dow, C. Meares, P. Grimm, J. Dienemann, M. Haisfield-Wolfe, W. Quitasol, S. Mitchell, A. Chakravarthy and I. Gage	1997	Effects of exercise on fatigue, physical functioning, and emotional distress during radiation therapy for breast cancer		Oncology nursing forum			24		6	991-1000						Clinical Trial; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Effects of exercise on fatigue, physical functioning, and emotional distress during radiation therapy for breast cancer								Pubmed 9243585						CN-00142135				PURPOSES/OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that women participating in a walking exercise program during radiation therapy treatment for breast cancer would demonstrate more adaptive responses as evidenced by higher levels of physical functioning and lower levels of symptom intensity than women who did not participate. DESIGN: Experimental, two-group pretest, post-test. SETTING: Two university teaching hospital outpatient radiation therapy departments. SAMPLE: 46 women beginning a six-week program of radiation therapy for early stage breast cancer. METHODS: Following random assignment, subjects in the exercise group maintained an individualized, self-paced, home-based walking exercise program throughout treatment. The control group received usual care. Dependent variables were measured prior to and at the end of radiation therapy. In addition, symptoms were assessed at the end of three weeks of treatment. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Participation in the walking exercise program, physical functioning fatigue, emotional distress, and difficulty sleeping. FINDINGS: Hypothesis testing by multivariate analysis of covariance, with pretest scores as covariates, indicated significant differences between groups on outcome measures (p < 0.001). The exercise group scored significantly higher than the usual care group on physical functioning (p = 0.003) and symptom intensity, particularly fatigue, anxiety, and difficulty sleeping. Fatigue was the most frequent and intense subjective symptom reported. CONCLUSIONS: A self-paced, home-based walking exercise program can help manage symptoms and improve physical functioning during radiation therapy. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurse-prescribed and -monitored exercise is an effective, convenient, and low-cost self-care activity that reduces symptoms and facilitates adaptation to breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/135/CN-00142135/frame.html										
R. Moenning and W. Hill	1987	A randomized study comparing two methods of performing the breast stimulation stress test		Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing			16		4	253-7						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		A randomized study comparing two methods of performing the breast stimulation stress test								Pubmed 3650325						CN-00049719				Breast stimulation has been used as a method for inducing uterine activity during testing for fetal well-being. Practitioners using the breast stimulation stress test have employed a variety of methods to stimulate the breast, yet no one has determined the effectiveness of one method over another. A study was undertaken to test the efficacy and safety of two methods of breast stimulation: manual rolling of the nipple and application of moist, hot pads to the breast before stimulation. Fifty-four high-risk patients were randomly assigned to one of two study groups. Group 1 included patients who stimulated one bare nipple intermittently. Group 2 included patients who had moist, warm washcloths applied to the breasts for five minutes before breast stimulation. No differences, in terms of efficacy and safety, were found between the two methods of breast stimulation.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/719/CN-00049719/frame.html										
G. Möller, I. Goldie and E. Jonsson	1992	Hospital care versus home care for rehabilitation after hip replacement		International journal of technology assessment in health care			8		1	93-101						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Hospital care versus home care for rehabilitation after hip replacement								Pubmed 1601598						CN-00383726				A pilot study was done to assess the feasibility of reducing the hospital stays of patients with total hip replacement (THR). The length of hospital stay for these patients depends largely on how rehabilitation, mostly physical therapy, is organized. This study shows that not more than a half hour per postoperative day was devoted to care services and rehabilitation activities. It is feasible and less expensive to reduce substantially hospital stay by planned physical therapy in the patient's home. These results have prompted a randomized controlled clinical trial to assess hospital versus home rehabilitation.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/726/CN-00383726/frame.html										
G. Montfrans, J. Karemaker, W. Wieling and A. Dunning	1990	Relaxation therapy and continuous ambulatory blood pressure in mild hypertension: a controlled study		BMJ (Clinical research ed.)			300		6736	1368-72						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Relaxation therapy and continuous ambulatory blood pressure in mild hypertension: a controlled study								Pubmed 2196946						CN-00069038				OBJECTIVE: To determine the long term effects of relaxation therapy on 24 hour ambulatory intra-arterial blood pressure in patients with mild untreated and uncomplicated hypertension. DESIGN: Four week screening period followed by randomisation to receive either relaxation therapy or non-specific counselling for one year. Ambulatory intra-arterial blood pressure was measured before and after treatment. SETTING: Outpatient clinic in Amsterdam's university hospital. SUBJECTS: 35 Subjects aged 20-60 who were being treated by general practitioners for hypertension but were referred to take part in the study. At three consecutive screening visits all subjects had a diastolic blood pressure without treatment of 95-110 mm Hg. Subjects were excluded if they had damaged target organs, secondary hypertension, diabetes mellitus, a cholesterol concentration greater than 8 mmol/l, or a history of malignant hypertension. INTERVENTIONS: The group allocated to relaxation therapy was trained for eight weeks (one hour a week) in muscle relaxation, yoga exercises, and stress management and continued exercising twice daily for one year with monthly visits to the clinic. The control group had the same attendance schedule but had no training and were requested just to sit and relax twice a day. All subjects were asked not to change their diet or physical activity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Changes in ambulatory intra-arterial blood pressure after one year of relaxation therapy or non-specific counselling. RESULTS: Mean urinary sodium excretion, serum concentration of cholesterol, and body weight did not change in either group. Diastolic pressures measured by sphygmomanometry were 2 and 3 mm Hg lower in subjects in the relaxation group and control group respectively at the one year follow up compared with initial readings. The mean diastolic ambulatory intra-arterial pressure during the daytime had not changed after one year in either group, but small treatment effects could not be excluded: the mean change for the relaxation group was -1 mm Hg (95% confidence interval -6 to 3.9 mm Hg) and for the control group -0.4 mm Hg (-5.3 to 4.6 mm Hg). Mean ambulatory pressure in the evening also had not changed over the year, and in both groups nighttime pressure was 5 mm Hg higher. The variability in blood pressure was the same at both measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Relaxation therapy was an ineffective method of lowering 24 hour blood pressure, being no more beneficial than non-specific advice, support, and reassurance--themselves ineffective as a treatment for hypertension.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/038/CN-00069038/frame.html										
H. J. Moore, F. C. Hillier, A. M. Batterham, L. J. Ells and C. D. Summerbell	2014	Technology-based dietary assessment: development of the Synchronised Nutrition and Activity Program (SNAP)		Journal of Human Nutrition & Dietetics			27 Suppl 1			36-42					Jan			Technology-based dietary assessment: development of the Synchronised Nutrition and Activity Program (SNAP)	J Hum Nutr Diet	1365-277X												23848949				BACKGROUND: Accurate, reliable and feasible methods of dietary intake and physical activity assessment are required to improve our understanding of the associations between energy balance-related behaviours and health.
METHODS: The Synchronised Nutrition and Activity Program (SNAP) was developed to enhance recall in children by integrating new and established methods of dietary intake and physical activity recall. A list of commonly consumed foods (n = 40), drinks (n = 9) and physical activities (n = 29) was used in SNAP. All foods and drinks were analysed by count (i.e., the number of times a particular food was selected), as a proxy indicator of dietary behaviours. All reported physical activities were assigned an intensity code [in metabolic equivalents (METs)] to determine minutes of moderate-vigorous activity (MVPA; >3 METs).
RESULTS: Most participants completed a whole day's recall (both dietary intake and physical activities) in less than 25 min. SNAP was compared against 24-h multiple pass questionnaire and accelerometry in 121 children (aged 7-15 years old). For dietary variables, the accuracy of SNAP() (mean difference) was within +1 count for the majority of food groups. The proportion of the sample with a between-method agreement within +1 count ranged from 0.40 to 0.99. For MVPA, there was no substantial fixed or proportional bias, with a mean difference between methods (SNAP) - accelerometry) of -9 min of MVPA. Qualitatively, participants have indicated that they find SNAP easy and fun to use.
CONCLUSIONS: SNAP was developed to be a simple, quick and engaging method of assessing energy balance-related behaviours at a group or population level and succeeded because it can collect a whole day's recall (dietary intake and physical activities) in less than 25 min to a reasonable and acceptable degree of accuracy. 2013 The Authors Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 2013 The British Dietetic Association Ltd.	Moore, H J
Hillier, F C
Batterham, A M
Ells, L J
Summerbell, C D		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=23848949http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+In-Process+%26+Other+Non-Indexed+Citations+%3CJune+06%2C+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23848949&id=doi:10.1111%2Fj.1365-277X.2012.01295.x&issn=0952-3871&volume=27&issue=1&spage=36&pages=36-42&date=2014&title=Journal+of+Human+Nutrition+%26+Dietetics&atitle=Technology-based+dietary+assessment%3A+development+of+the+Synchronised+Nutrition+and+Activity+Program+%28SNAP%29.&aulast=Moore&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMoore+HJ%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23848949%3C%2FAN%3E		School for Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, Stockton-on-Tees, UK.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. Morello, L. Southwood, J. Engiles, J. Slack, A. Crack and C. Springate	2012	Effect of Intraperitoneal PERIDAN Concentrate Adhesion Reduction Device on Clinical Findings, Infection, and Tissue Healing in an Adult Horse Jejunojejunostomy Model		Veterinary surgery			41		5	568-81						Journal: Article		Effect of Intraperitoneal PERIDAN Concentrate Adhesion Reduction Device on Clinical Findings, Infection, and Tissue Healing in an Adult Horse Jejunojejunostomy Model								Pubmed 22632567						CN-00905470				Objective: To evaluate the effect of PERIDAN Concentrate on clinical findings, infection, and tissue healing in adult horses undergoing celiotomy and jejunojejunostomy. Study Design: Block randomized blinded experimental in vivo study. Animals: Adult horses (n = 12). Methods: Horses had jejunojejunostomy at 2 sites and were administered 5 L of diluted PERIDAN Concentrate (6 horses) or Lactated Ringer's Injection (LRS) control intraperitoneally (6 horses) before body wall closure. Postoperative monitoring comprised physical examinations, serial hematology, coagulation and chemistry panels, and ultrasonographic examination. Horses were euthanatized 10 days postoperatively. Anastomoses and linea alba incisions were tested for mechanical strength; and tissue healing, inflammation, and infection were assessed by histological evaluation. Data were analyzed using a mixed model ANOVA. Level of significance was P < .05. Results: No physical examination differences were observed between groups. Statistically significant differences were observed in leukocyte and neutrophil counts, prothrombin time, antithrombin III activity, intestinal bursting pressures, and histologic healing grade in the mid region of the linea alba. These differences were minimal, and of no observable clinical significance. Other blood variable and histologic differences between groups were not significant. Conclusions: PERIDAN Concentrate was safely administered intraperitoneally to healthy horses undergoing celiotomy and anastomosis. 2012 by The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/470/CN-00905470/frame.html										
P. Morgan, C. Collins, R. Plotnikoff, P. McElduff, T. Burrows, J. Warren, M. Young, N. Berry, K. Saunders, E. Aguiar and R. Callister	2010	The SHED-IT community trial study protocol: a randomised controlled trial of weight loss programs for overweight and obese men		BMC public health			10			701						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The SHED-IT community trial study protocol: a randomised controlled trial of weight loss programs for overweight and obese men								Pubmed 21078200						CN-00779443				BACKGROUND: Obesity is a major cause of preventable death in Australia with prevalence increasing at an alarming rate. Of particular concern is that approximately 68% of men are overweight/obese, yet are notoriously difficult to engage in weight loss programs, despite being more susceptible than women to adverse weight-related outcomes. There is a need to develop and evaluate obesity treatment programs that target and appeal to men. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of two relatively low intensity weight loss programs developed specifically for men. METHODS AND DESIGN: The study design is an assessor blinded, parallel-group randomised controlled trial that recruited 159 overweight and obese men in Newcastle, Australia. Inclusion criteria included: BMI 25-40 (kg/m2); no participation in other weight loss programs during the study; pass a health-screening questionnaire and pre-exercise risk assessment; available for assessment sessions; access to a computer with e-mail and Internet facilities; and own a mobile phone. Men were recruited to the SHED-IT (Self-Help, Exercise and Diet using Internet Technology) study via the media and emails sent to male dominated workplaces. Men were stratified by BMI category (overweight, obese class I, obese class II) and randomised to one of three groups: (1) SHED-IT Resources - provision of materials (DVD, handbooks, pedometer, tape measure) with embedded behaviour change strategies to support weight loss; (2) SHED-IT Online - same materials as SHED-IT Resources plus access to and instruction on how to use the study website; (3) Wait-list Control. The intervention programs are three months long with outcome measures taken by assessors blinded to group allocation at baseline, and 3- and 6-months post baseline. Outcome measures include: weight (primary outcome), % body fat, waist circumference, blood pressure, resting heart rate, objectively measured physical activity, self-reported dietary intake, sedentary behaviour, physical activity and dietary cognitions, sleepiness, quality of life, and perceived sexual health. Generalised linear mixed models will be used to assess all outcomes for the impact of group (Resources, Online, and Control), time (treated as categorical with levels baseline, 3-months and 6-months) and the group-by-time interaction. These three terms will form the base model. 'Intention-to-treat' analysis will include all randomised participants. DISCUSSION: Our study will compare evidence-based and theoretically driven, low cost and easily disseminated strategies specifically targeting weight loss in men. The SHED-IT community trial will provide evidence to inform development and dissemination of sustainable strategies to reduce obesity in men. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12610000699066).			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/443/CN-00779443/frame.html										
P. Morgan, D. Lubans, C. Collins, J. Warren and R. Callister	2009	The SHED-IT randomized controlled trial: evaluation of an Internet-based weight-loss program for men		Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)			17		11	2025-32						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The SHED-IT randomized controlled trial: evaluation of an Internet-based weight-loss program for men								Pubmed 19343018						CN-00729079				The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an Internet-based weight-loss program for men in an assessor blinded randomized controlled trial. In total, 65 overweight/obese male staff and students at the University of Newcastle (mean (s.d.) age = 35.9 (11.1) years; BMI = 30.6 (2.8)) were randomly assigned to either (i) Internet group (n = 34) or (ii) control group (information only) (n = 31). Both groups received one face-to-face information session and a program booklet. Internet group participants used the study website to self-monitor diet and activity with feedback provided based on participants' online entries on seven occasions over 3 months. Participants were assessed at baseline, 3-, and 6-month follow-up for weight, waist circumference, BMI, blood pressure, resting heart rate, objectively measured physical activity, and self-reported total daily kilojoules. Intention-to-treat analysis revealed significant weight loss of 5.3 kg (95% confidence interval (CI): -7.3, -3.3) at 6 months for the Internet group and 3.5 kg (95% CI: -5.5, -1.4) for the control group. A significant time effect was found for all outcomes but no between-group differences. Per-protocol analysis revealed a significant group-by-time interaction (P < 0.001), with compliers losing more weight at 6 months (-9.1 kg; 95% CI -11.8, -6.5) than noncompliers (-2.7 kg; 95% CI -5.3, -0.01) and the control group (-4.2 kg; 95% CI -6.2, -2.2). Simple weight-loss interventions can be effective in achieving statistically and clinically significant weight loss in men. The Internet is a feasible and effective medium for weight loss in men but strategies need to be explored to improve engagement in online programs.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/079/CN-00729079/frame.html										
P. Morgan, D. Lubans, C. Collins, J. Warren and R. Callister	2011	12-month outcomes and process evaluation of the SHED-IT RCT: an internet-based weight loss program targeting men		Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)			19		1	142-51						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		12-month outcomes and process evaluation of the SHED-IT RCT: an internet-based weight loss program targeting men								Pubmed 20523304						CN-00777882				This article reports the 12-month follow-up results and process evaluation of the SHED-IT (Self-Help, Exercise, and Diet using Information Technology) trial, an Internet-based weight loss program exclusively for men. Sixty-five overweight/obese male staff and students at the University of Newcastle (Callaghan, Australia) (mean (s.d.) age = 35.9 (11.1) years; BMI = 30.6 (2.8)) were randomly assigned to either (i) Internet group (n = 34) or (ii) Information only control group (n = 31). Both received one face-to-face information session and a program booklet. Internet group participants were instructed to use the study website for 3 months. Participants were assessed at baseline, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up for weight, waist circumference, BMI, blood pressure, and resting heart rate. Retention at 3- and 12-months was 85% and 71%, respectively. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis using linear mixed models revealed significant and sustained weight loss of -5.3 kg (95% confidence interval (CI): -7.5, -3.0) at 12 months for the Internet group and -3.1 kg (95% CI: -5.4, -0.7) for the control group with no group difference. A significant time effect was found for all outcomes (P < 0.001). Per-protocol analysis revealed a significant group-by-time interaction for weight, waist circumference, BMI, and systolic blood pressure. Internet group compliers (who self-monitored as instructed) maintained greater weight loss at 12 months (-8.8 kg; 95% CI -11.8, -5.9) than noncompliers (-1.9 kg; 95% CI -4.8, 1.0) and controls (-3.0 kg; 95% CI -5.2, -0.9). Qualitative analysis by questionnaire and interview highlighted the acceptability and satisfaction with SHED-IT. Low-dose approaches to weight loss are feasible, acceptable, and can achieve clinically important weight loss in men after 1-year follow-up.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/882/CN-00777882/frame.html										
Y. Morimoto, A. Matsumoto, Y. Koizumi, T. Gohara, T. Sakabe and S. Hagihira	2005	Changes in the bispectral index during intraabdominal irrigation in patients anesthetized with nitrous oxide and sevoflurane		Anesthesia and analgesia			100		5	1370-4, table of contents						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Changes in the bispectral index during intraabdominal irrigation in patients anesthetized with nitrous oxide and sevoflurane								Pubmed 15845688						CN-00512144				Surgical stimulation typically results in an activation of electroencephalographic activity. In some instances, painful stimulation in the presence of inadequate anesthesia results in a suppression of the electroencephalogram. This phenomenon has been referred to as a "paradoxical arousal." In our daily practice, we have noted a marked decrease in the bispectral index (BIS) with large delta waves during abdominal surgery when the abdominal cavity was irrigated with normal saline. In the present study, we sought to evaluate changes in BIS during intraabdominal irrigation. Eighteen ASA physical status I-II patients scheduled for elective abdominal surgery were enrolled in the study and allocated randomly to the control group (group C) or the fentanyl group (group F). Anesthesia was induced with 3 mg/kg of thiopental and was maintained with sevoflurane and 50% nitrous oxide. BIS, 95% spectral edge frequency (SEF95), and burst-suppression ratio were recorded using a BIS monitor. Near the end of the procedure, but before irrigation of the abdominal cavity, 1.5 microg/kg fentanyl was given IV to group F. There was no significant change in BIS or SEF95 in group F patients during subsequent irrigation of the abdominal cavity. In contrast, BIS and SEF95 decreased significantly after start of irrigation in group C patients. These data show that the stimulation occurring during intraabdominal irrigation might cause a paradoxical arousal response, as evidenced by a decrease in processed electroencephalographic parameters. Pretreatment with fentanyl suppressed these changes. Anesthesiologists should be aware of this paradoxical arousal response to avoid an inappropriate decrease in the anesthetic concentration in such situations.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/144/CN-00512144/frame.html										
K. S. Morris, E. McAuley and R. W. Motl	2008	Self-efficacy and environmental correlates of physical activity among older women and women with multiple sclerosis		Health Education Research			23		4	744-52					Aug	Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Self-efficacy and environmental correlates of physical activity among older women and women with multiple sclerosis	Health Educ Res	0268-1153					PMC2733801							17962232				Physical inactivity is a major health problem in the United States, particularly in elderly and disabled populations. Little research exists examining the relationships between aspects of the built environment and physical activity in older adults and individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). We adopted a social cognitive perspective to examine the independent roles of perceptions of the environmental, self-efficacy and functional limitations in understanding physical activity levels among elderly women and women with MS. Older women (n=136) and women diagnosed with MS (n=173) were recruited to participate in separate cross-sectional studies. Individuals completed a battery of questionnaires and wore an activity monitor for 7 days. All measures were issued and collected through the mail with the use of self-addressed, pre-paid envelopes. Initial correlational analyses indicated that self-efficacy, functional limitations and environmental perceptions were significantly related to physical activity. Among older women, self-efficacy, functional limitations and street connectivity demonstrated independent contributions to physical activity behavior. Only self-efficacy and functional limitations demonstrated significant associations among women with MS. The prospective contributions of the environment and individual factors to changes in physical activity need to be determined.	Morris, Katherine S
McAuley, Edward
Motl, Robert W
AG20188 (United States NIA NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17962232http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:17962232&id=doi:&issn=0268-1153&volume=23&issue=4&spage=744&pages=744-52&date=2008&title=Health+Education+Research&atitle=Self-efficacy+and+environmental+correlates+of+physical+activity+among+older+women+and+women+with+multiple+sclerosis.&aulast=Morris&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMorris+KS%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E17962232%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. ksmorri1@uiuc.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. Morrison, A. Sands, C. McCusker, P. McKeown, M. McMahon, J. Gordon, B. Grant, B. Craig and F. Casey	2013	Exercise training improves activity in adolescents with congenital heart disease		Heart (British Cardiac Society)			99		15	1122-8						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Exercise training improves activity in adolescents with congenital heart disease								Pubmed 23749780						CN-00963517				OBJECTIVES: To ascertain if motivational techniques and a structured exercise programme can increase activity in adolescents afflicted with congenital heart disease (CHD). DESIGN: Prospective randomised controlled trial. SETTING: One hundred and forty-three patients aged 12-20 years attending the tertiary centre for paediatric cardiology in Northern Ireland. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Increase in exercise capacity as assessed by duration of exercise stress test, and number of minutes spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day. RESULTS: Eighty-six patients were men (60%), mean age was 15.60 ± 2.27 years. Seventy-three percent were considered to have major CHD. Seventy-two participants were randomised to the intervention group. Following intervention, duration of exercise test increased by 1 min 5 s for the intervention group (p value 0.02) along with increase in predicted VO2Max (p value 0.02). There was a significant increase in minutes of MVPA per day for the intervention group from baseline to reassessment (p value <0.001) while MVPA remained much the same for the control group. Fourteen patients met the current recommendation for more than 60 min MVPA per day at baseline. This doubled to 29 participants at reassessment. There were no adverse effects or mortalities reported. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise training is safe, feasible and beneficial in adolescents with CHD. Psychological techniques can be employed to maximise the impact of interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN27986270.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/517/CN-00963517/frame.html										
A. Mortara, G. Pinna, P. Johnson, H. Dargie, M. Rovere, P. Ponikowski, L. Tavazzi and P. Sleight	2004	A multi-country randomised trial of the role of a new telemonitoring system in CHF: The HHH study (Home or Hospital in Heart Failure). Rational, study design and protocol		European Heart Journal, Supplement			6		6	F99-f102						Journal: Article		A multi-country randomised trial of the role of a new telemonitoring system in CHF: The HHH study (Home or Hospital in Heart Failure). Rational, study design and protocol														CN-00516858				The HHH study will be a full scale randomized controlled trial in Italy, Poland and UK enrolling 450 CHF patients (LVEF <40%, NYHA cl. II-IV) in 2 arms (usual clinical practice and home-care strategy). Objectives will be: (1) to determine if different strategies of home-care telemonitoring, affect hospital admissions, improve patient sense of well-being, and reduce overall costs of medical care; (2) to define the prevalence and the clinical impact of breathing disorders, arrhythmias and abnormalities of HRV in the occurrence of acute periods of instability and when on optimal therapy; (3) to evaluate in the home setting a new system for continuous monitoring of cardio-respiratory signals plus physical activity with teletransmission of recorded data embedded in an interactive voice response based telehealth system. The 300 'home strategy' patients will be divided into: (1) normal clinical practice supplemented by telephone contacts; (2) as strategy 1 plus periodic telemonitoring of vital signs parameters; (3) as 2deg; strategy plus periodic 24 h ECG, respiration and physical activity (NICRAM) recording. Enrolment will be over 12 months with a further 12 months follow-up. The primary end-point will be total bed-days occupancy for heart failure in acute medical/surgical beds. The first patient was enrolled in September 2002. The trial is expected to be completed at the middle of 2005. 2004 The European Society of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/858/CN-00516858/frame.html										
J. Mota, P. Santos, S. Guerra, J. C. Ribeiro and J. A. Duarte	2002	Differences of daily physical activity levels of children according to body mass index		Pediatric Exercise Science			14		4	442-452								Differences of daily physical activity levels of children according to body mass index		0899-8493												2003063842. Language: English. Entry Date: 20030509. Revision Date: 20131213. Publication Type: journal article				The purpose of this study was to compare the daily activity levels of children varying in body mass over 3 consecutive weekdays. The sample was comprised of 157 children (boys, n = 64; girls, n = 93), aged 8-15 years. BMl was used as obesity indicator. Children were categorized as non-obese and overweight/obese group, according to the age-adapted values. The CSA activity monitor was used as an objective measure of daily physical activity. No significant differences were reported in the daily physical activity among boys and girls according to BMI group. Boys were significantly more engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activities (p = .05) than girls. Significant differences in moderate-to-vigorous physical activities (p = .05) were found between non-obese (69.3 min x day-1) and obese girls (50.7 min x day-1), while no significant differences were reported in boys. Differences between overall activities and involvement in MVPA emerged between overweight/obese and non-obese girls; therefore, obesity in girls may be linked to low levels of physical activity behavior.	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. Grant Information: Supported by grants, FCT- Práxis XXI:PSAU/122/96 and FLAD LV245/2001. No. of Refs: 45 ref. NLM UID: 8909729.		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2003063842&site=ehost-live		Research Centre in Physical Activity and Leisure, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal						rzh	EBSCOhost	
R. W. Motl, E. Gappmaier, K. Nelson and R. H. Benedict	2011	Physical activity and cognitive function in multiple sclerosis		Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology			33		5	734-41					Oct			Physical activity and cognitive function in multiple sclerosis	J Sport Exerc Psychol	1543-2904												21984644				Cognitive impairment is prevalent, disabling, and poorly managed in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). This cross-sectional study examined the associations among physical activity, cognitive processing speed, and learning and memory in 33 persons with MS who underwent neuropsychological assessments and wore a physical activity monitor for 7 days. Cognitive impairment was greatest in cognitive processing speed. Physical activity was significantly correlated with cognitive processing speed (pr = .35), but not learning and memory (pr = .20), after controlling for sex, age, and education. Researchers should examine exercise training and physical activity effects on cognitive performance, particularly processing speed, in MS.	Motl, Robert W
Gappmaier, Eduard
Nelson, Kathryn
Benedict, Ralph H B		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21984644http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21984644&id=doi:&issn=0895-2779&volume=33&issue=5&spage=734&pages=734-41&date=2011&title=Journal+of+Sport+%26+Exercise+Psychology&atitle=Physical+activity+and+cognitive+function+in+multiple+sclerosis.&aulast=Motl&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMotl+RW%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21984644%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

R. W. Motl, W. Zhu, Y. Park, E. McAuley, J. A. Scott and E. M. Snook	2007	Reliability of scores from physical activity monitors in adults with multiple sclerosis		Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly			24		3	245-53					Jul	Validation Studies		Reliability of scores from physical activity monitors in adults with multiple sclerosis	Adapt Phys Act Q	0736-5829												17916920				We examined the reliability of scores from physical activity monitors in a sample of 193 individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) who wore a pedometer and an accelerometer for a 7-day period. There were no significant differences among days for the pedometer (p = .12) or the accelerometer (p = .15) indicating that week and weekend days can be analyzed in a single intra-class correlation (ICC) analytic model. The 7 days of monitoring yielded ICC estimates of .93 for both the pedometer and accelerometer, and a minimum of 3 days yielded a reliability of .80 for both the pedometer and accelerometer. Results indicated that physical activity monitor scores are reliable measures of physical activity for individuals with MS.	Motl, Robert W
Zhu, Weimo
Park, Youongsik
McAuley, Edward
Scott, Jennifer A
Snook, Erin M		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17916920http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:17916920&id=doi:&issn=0736-5829&volume=24&issue=3&spage=245&pages=245-53&date=2007&title=Adapted+Physical+Activity+Quarterly&atitle=Reliability+of+scores+from+physical+activity+monitors+in+adults+with+multiple+sclerosis.&aulast=Motl&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMotl+RW%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E17916920%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Kinesiology and Community Health at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA. robmotl@uiuc.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

R. Motl, E. McAuley and D. Dlugonski	2012	Reactivity in baseline accelerometer data from a physical activity behavioral intervention		Health psychology			31		2	172-5						Journal: Article		Reactivity in baseline accelerometer data from a physical activity behavioral intervention								Pubmed 22023436						CN-00903492				OBJECTIVE: This brief report describes the possibility of reactivity in the baseline assessment of physical activity using accelerometry from two separate randomized controlled trials of a behavior intervention for increasing physical activity in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHOD: The samples included 18 persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) from Study 1 and 20 from Study 2 who were randomized into treatment arms of the intervention. The participants initially wore an accelerometer over a 7-day period for collection of baseline data, and one week later wore a pedometer over a 7-day period for collection of data for self-monitoring and goal setting in week 1 of the 12-week intervention. The accelerometer and pedometer data were both expressed in average steps per day over a 7-day period. RESULTS: There was a moderate (d = .56), statistically significant (p = .03) difference of 1,822 steps per day between baseline and week 1 of the intervention in Study 1. There was a large (d = 1.36), statistically significant (p = .0001) difference of 2,338 steps per day in Study 2. CONCLUSION: We are unaware of other research describing a significant change in physical activity between baseline and the first week of a behavioral intervention and believe that this change reflects reactivity in the baseline assessment using accelerometry.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/492/CN-00903492/frame.html										
M. L. Moy, V. A. Danilack, N. A. Weston and E. Garshick	2012	Daily step counts in a US cohort with COPD		Respiratory Medicine			106		7	962-9					Jul	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Daily step counts in a US cohort with COPD	Respir Med	1532-3064					NIHMS368136
PMC3575136							22521225				BACKGROUND: Baseline values for daily step counts in US adults with COPD and knowledge of its accurate measurement, natural change over time, and independent relationships with measures of COPD severity are limited.
METHODS: 127 persons with stable COPD wore the StepWatch Activity Monitor (SAM) for 14 days, and 102 of them wore it a median 3.9 months later. SAM counts were compared to manual counts in the clinic. We assessed change over time, the effect of season, and relationships with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) % predicted, 6-min walk test (6MWT) distance, the modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) dyspnea score, and the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire Total Score (SGRQ-TS).
RESULTS: 98% of subjects were males, with mean age 71 + 8 years and FEV(1) 1.48 + 0.54 L (52 + 19% predicted). All 4 GOLD stages were represented, with the most subjects in GOLD II (44%) and GOLD III (37%). The SAM had >90% accuracy in 99% of subjects. Average step count was 5680 steps/day, which decreased with increasing GOLD stage (p = 0.0046). Subjects walked 645 fewer steps/day at follow-up, which was partly explained by season of monitoring (p = 0.013). In a multivariate model, FEV(1) % predicted, 6MWT distance and MMRC score were weakly associated with daily step counts, while SGRQ-TS was not.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings will aid the design of future studies using daily step counts in COPD. Accurately measured, daily step counts decline over time partly due to season and capture unique information about COPD status. Published by Elsevier Ltd.	Moy, Marilyn L
Danilack, Valery A
Weston, Nicole A
Garshick, Eric
R01 HD042141 (United States NICHD NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22521225http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22521225&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.rmed.2012.03.016&issn=0954-6111&volume=106&issue=7&spage=962&pages=962-9&date=2012&title=Respiratory+Medicine&atitle=Daily+step+counts+in+a+US+cohort+with+COPD.&aulast=Moy&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMoy+ML%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22521225%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Veteran Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Rehabilitation Research and Development Service, USA. marilyn.moy@va.gov						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. L. Moy, M. Teylan, N. A. Weston, D. R. Gagnon, V. A. Danilack and E. Garshick	2014	Daily step count is associated with plasma C-reactive protein and IL-6 in a US cohort with COPD		Chest			145		3	542-50					Mar 1	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Daily step count is associated with plasma C-reactive protein and IL-6 in a US cohort with COPD	Chest	1931-3543												24091482				BACKGROUND: Physical activity is an important clinical marker of disease status in COPD. COPD is also characterized by low-grade systemic inflammation. However, the relationship between physical activity and systemic inflammation in COPD is unclear.
METHODS: We monitored daily step count, a directly measured physical activity, using the StepWatch Activity Monitor, an ankle-worn accelerometer, in 171 people with stable COPD. Exercise capacity was assessed with the 6-min walk test (6MWT). We measured plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 levels. Linear regression models examined the cross-sectional associations of daily step count and 6MWT distance with CRP and IL-6 levels.
RESULTS: Subjects had a mean age 72+8 years and mean FEV1 1.5+0.57 L (54+20% predicted). Median daily step count was 5,203 (interquartile range [IQR], 3,627-7,024], CRP level was 2.4 mg/L (IQR, 1.2-5.0), and IL-6 level was 2.9 pg/mL (IQR, 2.0-5.1). Each 1,000-step increase in daily step count was associated with a 0.94 mg/L and 0.96 pg/mL decrease in CRP (P=.020) and IL-6 (P=.044) levels, respectively, adjusting for age, FEV1 % predicted, pack-years smoked, cardiac disease, current statin use, history of acute exacerbations, and season. There was a significant linear trend of increasing daily step count by quartiles and decreasing CRP (P=.0007) and IL-6 (P=.023) levels. Higher 6MWT distance was also significantly associated with lower CRP and IL-6 values.
CONCLUSION: People with COPD who walked the most had the lowest plasma CRP and IL-6 levels. These results provide the conceptual basis to study whether an intervention to promote walking will reduce systemic inflammation in people with COPD.	Moy, Marilyn L
Teylan, Merilee
Weston, Nicole A
Gagnon, David R
Danilack, Valery A
Garshick, Eric		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24091482http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:24091482&id=doi:10.1378%2Fchest.13-1052&issn=0012-3692&volume=145&issue=3&spage=542&pages=542-50&date=2014&title=Chest&atitle=Daily+step+count+is+associated+with+plasma+C-reactive+protein+and+IL-6+in+a+US+cohort+with+COPD.&aulast=Moy&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMoy+ML%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E24091482%3C%2FAN%3E								MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. L. Moy, M. Teylan, N. A. Weston, D. R. Gagnon and E. Garshick	2013	Daily step count predicts acute exacerbations in a US cohort with COPD		PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource]			8		4	e60400						Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Daily step count predicts acute exacerbations in a US cohort with COPD	PLoS ONE	1932-6203					PMC3617234							23593211				BACKGROUND: COPD is characterized by variability in exercise capacity and physical activity (PA), and acute exacerbations (AEs). Little is known about the relationship between daily step count, a direct measure of PA, and the risk of AEs, including hospitalizations.
METHODS: In an observational cohort study of 169 persons with COPD, we directly assessed PA with the StepWatch Activity Monitor, an ankle-worn accelerometer that measures daily step count. We also assessed exercise capacity with the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and patient-reported PA with the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire Activity Score (SGRQ-AS). AEs and COPD-related hospitalizations were assessed and validated prospectively over a median of 16 months.
RESULTS: Mean daily step count was 5804+3141 steps. Over 209 person-years of observation, there were 263 AEs (incidence rate 1.3+1.6 per person-year) and 116 COPD-related hospitalizations (incidence rate 0.56+1.09 per person-year). Adjusting for FEV1 % predicted and prednisone use for AE in previous year, for each 1000 fewer steps per day walked at baseline, there was an increased rate of AEs (rate ratio 1.07; 95%CI = 1.003-1.15) and COPD-related hospitalizations (rate ratio 1.24; 95%CI = 1.08-1.42). There was a significant linear trend of decreasing daily step count by quartiles and increasing rate ratios for AEs (P = 0.008) and COPD-related hospitalizations (P = 0.003). Each 30-meter decrease in 6MWT distance was associated with an increased rate ratio of 1.07 (95%CI = 1.01-1.14) for AEs and 1.18 (95%CI = 1.07-1.30) for COPD-related hospitalizations. Worsening of SGRQ-AS by 4 points was associated with an increased rate ratio of 1.05 (95%CI = 1.01-1.09) for AEs and 1.10 (95%CI = 1.02-1.17) for COPD-related hospitalizations.
CONCLUSIONS: Lower daily step count, lower 6MWT distance, and worse SGRQ-AS predict future AEs and COPD-related hospitalizations, independent of pulmonary function and previous AE history. These results support the importance of assessing PA in patients with COPD, and provide the rationale to promote PA as part of exacerbation-prevention strategies.	Moy, Marilyn L
Teylan, Merilee
Weston, Nicole A
Gagnon, David R
Garshick, Eric		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23593211http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23593211&id=doi:10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0060400&issn=1932-6203&volume=8&issue=4&spage=e60400&pages=e60400&date=2013&title=PLoS+ONE+%5BElectronic+Resource%5D&atitle=Daily+step+count+predicts+acute+exacerbations+in+a+US+cohort+with+COPD.&aulast=Moy&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMoy+ML%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23593211%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Veteran Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Rehabilitation Research and Development Service, Washington, DC, United States of America. marilyn.moy@va.gov						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. L. Moy, M. Teylan, N. A. Weston, D. R. Gagnon, V. A. Danilack and E. Garshick	2014	Daily Step Count Is Associated With Plasma C-Reactive Protein and IL-6 in a US Cohort With COPD		CHEST			145		3	542-550								Daily Step Count Is Associated With Plasma C-Reactive Protein and IL-6 in a US Cohort With COPD		0012-3692												2012495301. Language: English. Entry Date: 20140509. Revision Date: 20140509. Publication Type: journal article				BACKGROUND: Physical activity is an important clinical marker of disease status in COPD. COPD is also characterized by low-grade systemic inflammation. However, the relationship between physical activity and systemic inflammation in COPD is unclear. METHODS: We monitored daily step count, a directly measured physical activity, using the StepWatch Activity Monitor, an ankle-worn accelerometer, in 171 people with stable COPD. Exercise capacity was assessed with the 6-min walk test (6MWT). We measured plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 levels. Linear regression models examined the cross-sectional associations of daily step count and 6MWT distance with CRP and IL-6 levels. RESULTS: Subjects had a mean age 72 ± 8 years and mean FEV1 1.5 ± 0.57 L (54 ± 20% predicted). Median daily step count was 5,203 (interquartile range [IQR], 3,627-7,024], CRP level was 2.4 mg/L (IQR, 1.2-5.0), and IL-6 level was 2.9 pg/mL (IQR, 2.0-5.1). Each 1,000-step increase in daily step count was associated with a 0.94 mg/L and 0.96 pg/mL decrease in CRP (P = .020) and IL-6 (P = .044) levels, respectively, adjusting for age, FEV1 % predicted, pack-years smoked, cardiac disease, current statin use, history of acute exacerbations, and season. There was a significant linear trend of increasing daily step count by quartiles and decreasing CRP (P = .0007) and IL-6 (P = .023) levels. Higher 6MWT distance was also significantly associated with lower CRP and IL-6 values. CONCLUSION: People with COPD who walked the most had the lowest plasma CRP and IL-6 levels. These results provide the conceptual basis to study whether an intervention to promote walking will reduce systemic inflammation in people with COPD.	research. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Online/Print; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Critical Care. NLM UID: 0231335.
PMID: 24091482		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2012495301&site=ehost-live								rzh	EBSCOhost	
Q. I. Muaidi, L. L. Nicholson, K. M. Refshauge and J. P. Eisenhuth	2007	Design of a knee rotatory kinaesthetic device		Medical Engineering & Physics			29		9	1035-42					Nov			Design of a knee rotatory kinaesthetic device	Med Eng Phys	1350-4533												17123859				The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) constrains rotatory motion at the knee and is commonly injured during rotational movements in athletic activity. This densely innervated ligament is assumed to play a role in knee proprioception, however, no study has measured proprioception in a manner relevant to either the kinematics of the ligament or the mechanism of injury, partly because of a lack of suitable equipment. The aims of this technical note are to document the development of a novel knee rotatory kinaesthetic device, and to present details of its construction, reproducibility, accuracy and application. The purpose-built device allows rotational movements at the knee to occur with minimal frictional resistance and provides accurate limits to the magnitude of these movements. This allows analysis of subjects' ability to discriminate between movements of differing magnitudes and thus allows calculation of subjects' sensitivity to small differences in magnitude of active knee rotation. Measurements taken with the device had a high level of agreement with those of a calibrated digital inclinometer (ICC=0.99; 95% CI 0.88 to 0.99) with a mean error of 0.24 degrees . The device also demonstrated excellent reproducibility (Pearson's r=1.0). A single case study is presented to detail the clinical application of the device. This novel device allows subjects to perform active knee rotational movements in a closed kinetic chain with discrete, self-paced movement, enabling calculation of movement discrimination. The device is compact and portable enabling testing to be undertaken in remote settings enhancing its clinical applicability.	Muaidi, Q I
Nicholson, L L
Refshauge, K M
Eisenhuth, J P		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17123859http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:17123859&id=doi:&issn=1350-4533&volume=29&issue=9&spage=1035&pages=1035-42&date=2007&title=Medical+Engineering+%26+Physics&atitle=Design+of+a+knee+rotatory+kinaesthetic+device.&aulast=Muaidi&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMuaidi+QI%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E17123859%3C%2FAN%3E		School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. qmua0120@mail.usyd.edu.au						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. Mudge, P. A. Barber and N. S. Stott	2009	Circuit-based rehabilitation improves gait endurance but not usual walking activity in chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial		Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation			90		12	1989-96					Dec	Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Circuit-based rehabilitation improves gait endurance but not usual walking activity in chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial	Arch Phys Med Rehabil	1532-821X												19969159				UNLABELLED: Mudge S, Barber PA, Stott NS. Circuit-based rehabilitation improves gait endurance but not usual walking activity in chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether circuit-based rehabilitation would increase the amount and rate that individuals with stroke walk in their usual environments.
DESIGN: Single-blind randomized controlled trial.
SETTING: Rehabilitation clinic.
PARTICIPANTS: Sixty participants with a residual gait deficit at least 6 months after stroke originally enrolled in the study. Two withdrew in the initial phase, leaving 58 participants (median age, 71.5y; range, 39.0-89.0y) who were randomized to the 2 intervention groups.
INTERVENTIONS: The exercise group had 12 sessions of clinic-based rehabilitation delivered in a circuit class designed to improve walking. The control group received a comparable duration of group social and educational classes.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Usual walking performance was assessed using the StepWatch Activity Monitor. Clinical tests were gait speed (timed 10-meter walk) and endurance (six-minute walk test [6MWT]), confidence (Activities-Based Confidence Scale), self-reported mobility (Rivermead Mobility Index [RMI]), and self-reported physical activity (Physical Activity and Disability Scale).
RESULTS: Intention-to-treat analysis revealed that the exercise group showed a significantly greater distance for the 6MWT than the control group immediately after the intervention (P=.030) but that this effect was not retained 3 months later. There were no changes in the StepWatch measures of usual walking performance for either group. The exercise and control groups had significantly different gait speed (P=.038) and scores on the RMI (P=.025) at the 3-month follow-up. These differences represented a greater decline in the control group compared with the exercise group for both outcome measures.
CONCLUSIONS: Circuit-based rehabilitation leads to improvements in gait endurance but does not change the amount or rate of walking performance in usual environments. Clinical gains made by the exercise group were lost 3 months later. Future studies should consider whether rehabilitation needs to occur in usual environments to improve walking performance.	Mudge, Suzie
Barber, P Alan
Stott, N Susan		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19969159http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19969159&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.apmr.2009.07.015&issn=0003-9993&volume=90&issue=12&spage=1989&pages=1989-96&date=2009&title=Archives+of+Physical+Medicine+%26+Rehabilitation&atitle=Circuit-based+rehabilitation+improves+gait+endurance+but+not+usual+walking+activity+in+chronic+stroke%3A+a+randomized+controlled+trial.&aulast=Mudge&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMudge+S%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19969159%3C%2FAN%3E		School of Rehabilitation and Occupation Studies, AUT University, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. suzie.mudge@aut.ac.nz						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. Mudge and N. S. Stott	2008	Test--retest reliability of the StepWatch Activity Monitor outputs in individuals with chronic stroke		Clinical Rehabilitation			22		10-11	871-7					Oct-Nov	Evaluation Studies		Test--retest reliability of the StepWatch Activity Monitor outputs in individuals with chronic stroke	Clin Rehabil	0269-2155												18955419				OBJECTIVE: To examine the test-retest reliability of the StepWatch Activity Monitor outputs over two periods, a week apart, in participants with stroke.
DESIGN: Test-retest reliability study over monitoring periods of one, two and three days.
SETTING: Participant's usual environment.
PARTICIPANTS: Forty participants more than six months post stroke.
MAIN MEASURES: StepWatch outputs: total step count, number of steps at high medium and low stepping rates, sustained activity indices, peak activity index.
RESULTS: The intraclass correlation coefficients were high for all StepWatch outputs and all monitoring periods but were highest for the three-day monitoring period (0.930-0.989) and lowest for the one-day monitoring period (0.830-0.950). The coefficient of variation ranged from 6.7% to 48.7% over the monitoring periods, with higher variation shown for shorter monitoring periods. The most reliable four outputs had 95% limits of agreement between three-day periods that were less than 40%. These were total step count (+/-37.8%), highest step rate in 1 minute (+/-23.0%), highest step rate in 5 minutes (+/-38.6%) and peak activity index (+/-29.8%). The highest step rate in 1 minute was the only StepWatch output that had 95% limits of agreement less than 40% for the two-day (+/-31.2%) and one-day (+/-36.7%) monitoring periods.
CONCLUSIONS: Total step count, highest step rate in 1 minute, highest step rate in 5 minutes and peak activity index have good test-retest reliability over a three-day monitoring period, with lower reliability shown by the other StepWatch outputs. In general, monitoring over one or two days is less reliable.	Mudge, Suzie
Stott, N Susan		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18955419http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:18955419&id=doi:10.1177%2F0269215508092822&issn=0269-2155&volume=22&issue=10&spage=871&pages=871-7&date=2008&title=Clinical+Rehabilitation&atitle=Test--retest+reliability+of+the+StepWatch+Activity+Monitor+outputs+in+individuals+with+chronic+stroke.&aulast=Mudge&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMudge+S%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E18955419%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. s.mudge@auckland.ac.nz						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. Mudge and N. S. Stott	2009	Timed walking tests correlate with daily step activity in persons with stroke		Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation			90		2	296-301					Feb	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Timed walking tests correlate with daily step activity in persons with stroke	Arch Phys Med Rehabil	1532-821X												19236983				OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship among 4 clinical measures of walking ability and the outputs of the StepWatch Activity Monitor in participants with stroke.
DESIGN: Correlational study.
SETTING: Clinic and participants' usual environments.
PARTICIPANTS: Fifty participants more than 6 months after stroke were recruited. All participants were able to walk independently, but with some residual difficulty.
INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI), Rivermead Motor Assessment (RMA), six-minute walk test (6MWT), ten-meter walk test (10MWT), StepWatch outputs (based on daily step counts and stepping rates).
RESULTS: The correlations between the RMA and all StepWatch outputs were low (rho=0.36-0.48; P<.05), as were most for the RMI (rho=0.31-0.52; P<.05). The 10MWT and 6MWT had moderate to high correlations (rho=0.51-0.73; P<.01) with most StepWatch outputs. Multiple regression showed that the 6MWT was the only significant predictor for most StepWatch outputs, accounting for between 38% and 54% of the variance. Age and the RMI were further significant predictors of 1 and 2 outputs, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: The 6MWT has the strongest relationship with the StepWatch outputs and may be a better test than the 10MWT to predict usual walking performance. However, it should be remembered that the 6MWT explains only half the variability in usual walking performance. Thus, activity monitoring captures aspects of walking performance not captured by other clinical tests and should be considered as an additional outcome measure in stroke rehabilitation.	Mudge, Suzie
Stott, N Susan		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19236983http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19236983&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.apmr.2008.07.025&issn=0003-9993&volume=90&issue=2&spage=296&pages=296-301&date=2009&title=Archives+of+Physical+Medicine+%26+Rehabilitation&atitle=Timed+walking+tests+correlate+with+daily+step+activity+in+persons+with+stroke.&aulast=Mudge&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMudge+S%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19236983%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. s.mudge@auckland.ac.nz						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. Mudge, N. S. Stott and S. E. Walt	2007	Criterion validity of the StepWatch Activity Monitor as a measure of walking activity in patients after stroke		Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation			88		12	1710-5					Dec	Clinical Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Criterion validity of the StepWatch Activity Monitor as a measure of walking activity in patients after stroke	Arch Phys Med Rehabil	1532-821X												18047890				OBJECTIVES: To test the validity of the StepWatch Activity Monitor (SAM) in subjects with stroke against 2 criterion standards, 3-dimensional gait analysis (3-DGA) and footswitches in a variety of indoor and outdoor walking conditions, including different speeds and different terrains, and to test the accuracy of the SAM when worn on the paretic limb.
DESIGN: Criterion standard validation study.
SETTING: Gait laboratory and outside course.
PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-five participants with physical disability after stroke.
INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The total step count measured simultaneously by SAM and either 3-DGA or footswitches for both paretic and nonparetic limbs.
RESULTS: The total step count measured by the SAM and 3-DGA was highly correlated (nonparetic limb, r=.959; paretic limb, r=.896). The 95% limits of agreement (LOA) (derived from Bland-Altman analysis) between the SAM and 3-DGA were within +/-10 steps for SAMs worn on either the nonparetic or paretic limb. The total step count measured simultaneously by the SAM and footswitches was also highly correlated for each limb (nonparetic, r=.999; paretic, r=.963). The 95% LOA between the SAM and footswitches were +/-9 steps on the nonparetic limb but higher at +/-57 steps on the paretic limb. Further analysis showed that the measurement differences occurred during the outdoor component of the combined walk. The 95% LOA between footswitches on both limbs were not more than +/-9 steps for walking, suggesting that the error was accounted for by the SAM on the paretic limb, which both over- and underread the total step count in the outdoor walking conditions.
CONCLUSIONS: Criterion validity of the SAM to measure steps in both clinical and natural environments has been established when used on the nonparetic limb. However, more errors are apparent when the SAM is worn on the paretic limb while walking over a variety of outdoor terrains. Validation is recommended before use in patients with neurologic conditions affecting bilateral legs because there may be more error, particularly in outdoor activities.	Mudge, Suzie
Stott, N Susan
Walt, Sharon E		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18047890http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:18047890&id=doi:&issn=0003-9993&volume=88&issue=12&spage=1710&pages=1710-5&date=2007&title=Archives+of+Physical+Medicine+%26+Rehabilitation&atitle=Criterion+validity+of+the+StepWatch+Activity+Monitor+as+a+measure+of+walking+activity+in+patients+after+stroke.&aulast=Mudge&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMudge+S%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E18047890%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. s.mudge@auckland.ac.nz						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. Mudge, P. Barber and N. Stott	2009	Circuit-based rehabilitation improves gait endurance but not usual walking activity in chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial		Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation			90		12	1989-96						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Circuit-based rehabilitation improves gait endurance but not usual walking activity in chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 19969159						CN-00728167				UNLABELLED: Mudge S, Barber PA, Stott NS. Circuit-based rehabilitation improves gait endurance but not usual walking activity in chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether circuit-based rehabilitation would increase the amount and rate that individuals with stroke walk in their usual environments. DESIGN: Single-blind randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Rehabilitation clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty participants with a residual gait deficit at least 6 months after stroke originally enrolled in the study. Two withdrew in the initial phase, leaving 58 participants (median age, 71.5y; range, 39.0-89.0y) who were randomized to the 2 intervention groups. INTERVENTIONS: The exercise group had 12 sessions of clinic-based rehabilitation delivered in a circuit class designed to improve walking. The control group received a comparable duration of group social and educational classes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Usual walking performance was assessed using the StepWatch Activity Monitor. Clinical tests were gait speed (timed 10-meter walk) and endurance (six-minute walk test [6MWT]), confidence (Activities-Based Confidence Scale), self-reported mobility (Rivermead Mobility Index [RMI]), and self-reported physical activity (Physical Activity and Disability Scale). RESULTS: Intention-to-treat analysis revealed that the exercise group showed a significantly greater distance for the 6MWT than the control group immediately after the intervention (P=.030) but that this effect was not retained 3 months later. There were no changes in the StepWatch measures of usual walking performance for either group. The exercise and control groups had significantly different gait speed (P=.038) and scores on the RMI (P=.025) at the 3-month follow-up. These differences represented a greater decline in the control group compared with the exercise group for both outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS: Circuit-based rehabilitation leads to improvements in gait endurance but does not change the amount or rate of walking performance in usual environments. Clinical gains made by the exercise group were lost 3 months later. Future studies should consider whether rehabilitation needs to occur in usual environments to improve walking performance.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/167/CN-00728167/frame.html										
J. Mueller, D. Gossard, F. Adams, C. Taylor, W. Haskell, H. Kraemer, D. Ahn, K. Burnett and R. DeBusk	1986	Assessment of prescribed increases in physical activity: application of a new method for microprocessor analysis of heart rate		American journal of cardiology			57		6	441-5						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Assessment of prescribed increases in physical activity: application of a new method for microprocessor analysis of heart rate								Pubmed 3946262						CN-00041484				A portable solid-state recorder-display system was used to measure and analyze heart rate during the waking hours of 3 consecutive days in free-living sedentary normal middle-aged men who were randomized to undergo 3 regimens of physical activity during a 12-week period: low-intensity exercise training at home (n = 21), high-intensity exercise training at home (n = 23) and customary activity (n = 20). This was done to determine whether the system could detect changes in heart rate and, indirectly, in physical activity within the 3 groups. In both training groups the percentage of total recorded time spent within the prescribed high or low heart rate range recorded at 6 or 12 weeks increased significantly (p less than 0.05), whereas control subjects showed no increase above baseline values. Peak oxygen consumption increased by 8% and 17% in men undergoing low- and high-intensity training, whereas in control subjects it did not change. This solid-state system reliably measures prescribed increases in heart rate and provides an indirect measure of physical activity in normal sedentary men undergoing exercise training at home.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/484/CN-00041484/frame.html										
E. Mulder, P. Frings-Meuthen, M. Wiesche, G. Clement, D. Linnarsson, W. Paloski, F. Wuyts, J. Zange and J. Rittweger	2014	Study protocol, implementation, and verification of a short versatile upright exercise regime during 5 days of bed rest		Journal of Musculoskeletal Neuronal Interactions			14		1	111-23						Journal: Article		Study protocol, implementation, and verification of a short versatile upright exercise regime during 5 days of bed rest														CN-00981595				Objectives: This work provides a reference for future papers originating from this study by providing basic results on body mass, urine volume, and hemodynamic changes to 5 days of bed rest (BR) and by describing acute cardio-respiratory/mechanographic responses to a short versatile upright exercise battery. Methods: Ten male subjects (mean+SEM age: 29.4+1.5 years; height: 178.8+1.5 cm; body mass: 77.7+1.5 kg) performed, in random order, 5 days of 6degree head-down tilt (HDT) BR with no exercise (CON), or BR with daily 25 minutes of quiet upright standing (STA) or upright locomotion replacement training (LRT). Results: Plasma volume, exercise capacity and orthostatic tolerance decreased similarly between interventions following 5 days of BR. Upright heart rate during LRT and STA increased throughout BR; from 137+4 bpm to 146+4 bpm for LRT (P<0.01); and from 90+3 bpm to 102+6 bpm (P<0.001) for STA. Conclusion: the overall similarity in the response to BR, and increase in upright heart rate during the LRT sessions suggest early and advancing cardiovascular deconditioning during 5 days of BR bed rest, which was not prevented by the versatile exercise regime.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/595/CN-00981595/frame.html										
A. Mundermann, C. O. Dyrby, T. P. Andriacchi and K. B. King	2005	Serum concentration of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is sensitive to physiological cyclic loading in healthy adults		Osteoarthritis & Cartilage			13		1	34-8					Jan			Serum concentration of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is sensitive to physiological cyclic loading in healthy adults	Osteoarthritis Cartilage	1063-4584												15639635				OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that physiological cyclic loading during a 30-min walking exercise causes an increase in serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) concentration in a healthy population.
METHODS: Blood samples (5 ml) were drawn from 10 physically active adults immediately before and after, and 0.5h, 1.5h, 3.5h and 5.5h after a 30-min walking exercise on a level outdoor walking track at self-selected normal speed. On a separate day, blood samples were drawn from the same 10 subjects during 6h while they were resting in a chair. Serum COMP concentrations were determined using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (COMP ELISA). An activity monitor was used to record basic time-distance measurements of gait. Serum COMP concentrations within the exercise protocol and within the resting protocol were compared using separate repeated measures analyses of variance (alpha=0.05).
RESULTS: In the exercise protocol, a first increase (9.7%; P=0.003) occurred immediately after the walking exercise. A second increase in serum COMP concentration (7.0%; P=0.024) occurred 5.5h after the walking exercise. In the resting protocol, the concentration at baseline was significantly higher than at all subsequent time points (8.2%; P<0.050). Serum COMP concentration decreased from the 3.5-h to the 5.5-h sample (-4.8%; P=0.012).
CONCLUSIONS: Even a moderate walking activity can significantly influence serum COMP concentration. The immediate response points to a diffusion time of COMP fragments from cartilage to the blood of 30 min or less. The response at 5.5h indicates a metabolic delay for COMP in the range of 5h to 6h.	Mundermann, Annegret
Dyrby, Chris O
Andriacchi, Thomas P
King, Karen B		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15639635http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:15639635&id=doi:&issn=1063-4584&volume=13&issue=1&spage=34&pages=34-8&date=2005&title=Osteoarthritis+%26+Cartilage&atitle=Serum+concentration+of+cartilage+oligomeric+matrix+protein+%28COMP%29+is+sensitive+to+physiological+cyclic+loading+in+healthy+adults.&aulast=Mundermann&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMundermann+A%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E15639635%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. amuender@stanford.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

A. Mundermann, K. B. King, R. L. Smith and T. P. Andriacchi	2009	Change in serum COMP concentration due to ambulatory load is not related to knee OA status		Journal of Orthopaedic Research			27		11	1408-13					Nov	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Change in serum COMP concentration due to ambulatory load is not related to knee OA status	J Orthop Res	1554-527X												19422040				The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a change in serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) concentration is related to joint load during a 30-min walking exercise in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA) and in age-matched control subjects. Blood samples were drawn from 42 patients with medial compartment knee OA and from 41 healthy age-matched control subjects immediately before, immediately after, and 0.5, 1.5, 3.5, and 5.5 h after a 30-min walking exercise on a level outdoor walking track at self-selected normal speed. Serum COMP concentrations were determined using a commercial ELISA. Basic time-distance gait variables were recorded using an activity monitor. Joint loads were measured using gait analysis. Serum COMP concentrations increased immediately after the walking exercise (+6.3% and +5.6%; p < 0.001) and decreased over 5.5 h after the exercise (-11.1% and -14.6%; p < 0.040 and p = 0.001) in patients and control subjects, respectively. The magnitude of increase in COMP concentration did not differ between groups (p = 0.902) and did not correlate with any variables describing ambulatory loads at the joints of the lower extremity. These results, taken together with a previous study of a younger healthy population, suggest the possibility that the influence of ambulatory loads on cartilage turnover is dependent on age. (c) 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	Mundermann, Annegret
King, Karen B
Smith, R Lane
Andriacchi, Thomas P		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19422040http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19422040&id=doi:10.1002%2Fjor.20908&issn=0736-0266&volume=27&issue=11&spage=1408&pages=1408-13&date=2009&title=Journal+of+Orthopaedic+Research&atitle=Change+in+serum+COMP+concentration+due+to+ambulatory+load+is+not+related+to+knee+OA+status.&aulast=Mundermann&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMundermann+A%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19422040%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. anne.muendermann@gmail.com						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. Munneke, Z. de Jong, A. H. Zwinderman, G. J. Tijhuis, J. M. W. Hazes and T. P. M. Vliet Vlieland	2001	The value of a continuous ambulatory activity monitor to quantify the amount and intensity of daily activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis		Journal of Rheumatology			28		4	745-750								The value of a continuous ambulatory activity monitor to quantify the amount and intensity of daily activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis		0315-162X												2001057737. Language: English. Entry Date: 20010629. Revision Date: 20091218. Publication Type: journal article				OBJECTIVE: To examine the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a continuous ambulatory activity monitor in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Forty-one patients with RA, participating in a randomized controlled trial examining the effect of an intensive exercise program, were assessed by means of the Dynaport ADL (activities of daily living) monitor (AM). The time spent on activities (locomotion, standing, and active sitting) during 24 hours and the intensity of trunk movement during these activities were recorded. To determine test-retest reliability 20 patients were reassessed with the AM one week after the first assessment. Construct validity of the AM was determined by comparing the AM results with physical fitness measures (muscle strength, endurance, joint mobility), disease activity, and functional status. As well, 37 patients were assessed 18 months after the first assessment to determine responsiveness. RESULTS: All AM measurements showed satisfactory test-retest reliability (ICC 0.63-0.76). AM measures were significantly associated with physical fitness, functional status, and disease activity, indicating construct validity of the AM. The AM could discriminate between patients with improvement and deterioration in physical fitness, indicating sufficient responsiveness of AM variables. CONCLUSION: This study shows the value of an ambulatory activity monitor to quantify both the amount and intensity of physical activity of patients with RA during a day in their own environment. The ambulatory activity monitor seems to be a promising instrument for research into rehabilitation of patients with RA.	clinical trial; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Blind Peer Reviewed; Canada; Continental Europe; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed. Instrumentation: Baecke Questionnaire; Disease Activity Score (DAS4); Ritchie Articular Index (RAI); Escola Paulista de Medicina Range of Motion Scale (EPM-ROM); HAQ; Rand 36 Item Health Survey 1.0 (Rand). Grant Information: Supported by a grant from the Anna Fonds, Leiden, The Netherlands, and by the College van Zorgverzekeringen (number P1/69). No. of Refs: 39 ref. NLM UID: 7501984.
PMID: 11327244		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2001057737&site=ehost-live		Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Ho-Q), Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands. E-mail: M.Munneke@lumc.nl						rzh	EBSCOhost	
M. Munneke, Z. de Jong, A. H. Zwinderman, G. J. Tijhuis, J. M. Hazes and T. P. Vliet Vlieland	2001	The value of a continuous ambulatory activity monitor to quantify the amount and intensity of daily activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis		Journal of Rheumatology			28		4	745-50					Apr	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Validation Studies		The value of a continuous ambulatory activity monitor to quantify the amount and intensity of daily activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis	J Rheumatol	0315-162X												11327244				OBJECTIVE: To examine the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a continuous ambulatory activity monitor in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
METHODS: Forty-one patients with RA, participating in a randomized controlled trial examining the effect of an intensive exercise program, were assessed by means of the Dynaport ADL (activities of daily living) monitor (AM). The time spent on activities (locomotion, standing, and active sitting) during 24 hours and the intensity of trunk movement during these activities were recorded. To determine test-retest reliability 20 patients were reassessed with the AM one week after the first assessment. Construct validity of the AM was determined by comparing the AM results with physical fitness measures (muscle strength, endurance, joint mobility), disease activity, and functional status. As well, 37 patients were assessed 18 months after the first assessment to determine responsiveness.
RESULTS: All AM measurements showed satisfactory test-retest reliability (ICC 0.63-0.76). AM measures were significantly associated with physical fitness, functional status, and disease activity, indicating construct validity of the AM. The AM could discriminate between patients with improvement and deterioration in physical fitness, indicating sufficient responsiveness of AM variables.
CONCLUSION: This study shows the value of an ambulatory activity monitor to quantify both the amount and intensity of physical activity of patients with RA during a day in their own environment. The ambulatory activity monitor seems to be a promising instrument for research into rehabilitation of patients with RA.	Munneke, M
de Jong, Z
Zwinderman, A H
Tijhuis, G J
Hazes, J M
Vliet Vlieland, T P		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11327244http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:11327244&id=doi:&issn=0315-162X&volume=28&issue=4&spage=745&pages=745-50&date=2001&title=Journal+of+Rheumatology&atitle=The+value+of+a+continuous+ambulatory+activity+monitor+to+quantify+the+amount+and+intensity+of+daily+activity+in+patients+with+rheumatoid+arthritis.&aulast=Munneke&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMunneke+M%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E11327244%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. M.Munneke@lumc.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

P. Murphy and R. Williams	2013	Weight-loss study in African-American Women: lessons learned from project take HEED and future, technologically enhanced directions		Permanente journal			17		2	55-9						Journal: Article		Weight-loss study in African-American Women: lessons learned from project take HEED and future, technologically enhanced directions								Pubmed 23704845						CN-00960500				INTRODUCTION: African-American women are more overweight and have greater difficulty maintaining weight loss than do Caucasian women. Evidence suggests that African-American women are more successful with culturally tailored weight-loss programs. METHODS: Begun in 2005, an 18-month randomized clinical trial, Project Take HEED (Healthy Eating and Exercise Decisions), culturally adapted an evidence-based dietary approach and exercise program to fit the female African-American population in an attempt to improve program attrition rates. The study was conducted with 223 African-American women (120 women in the experimental group; 103 controls), age 35 to 65 years, with a body mass index of 30 kg/m(2) or higher. The experimental group received education and instruction at 24 group sessions and were asked to record their daily food intake and physical activity. Cultural adaptation included social and spiritual components. Controls received usual care (referral to a dietitian). RESULTS: After 18 months, Project Take HEED demonstrated the following outcomes: ATTRITION: the treatment group consisted of 12 African-American women at the end of month 18-(an attrition rate of 87%). (It had been 70% at the end of month 15.)FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO ATTRITION INCLUDED: caregiver responsibilities, transportation difficulties, work schedules, and others. Those clients that did remain, however, provided the impetus for our next study. The remaining participants had, by and large, begun the study as being low in self-efficacy regarding weight loss and weight loss maintenance. CONCLUSION: Initial Findings: The high self-efficacy that some women had at the beginning of the intervention did not translate into the desired behavior change. The inverse relationship seen in this study suggests that treatments that improve participants' self-efficacy may result in greater weight loss. New Directions: A new study, commencing in 2013, will use at-home Web-based and virtual reality technology (avatars) in an attempt to enhance client motivation to persist in long-term weight management programs. Bandura's pioneering work on self-efficacy will be the theoretical foundation of the pilot study, also enrolling African-American women.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/500/CN-00960500/frame.html										
S. Murphy, A. Lyden, M. Clary, M. Geisser, R. Yung, D. Clauw and D. Williams	2011	Activity pacing for osteoarthritis symptom management: study design and methodology of a randomized trial testing a tailored clinical approach using accelerometers for veterans and non-veterans		BMC musculoskeletal disorders			12			177						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Activity pacing for osteoarthritis symptom management: study design and methodology of a randomized trial testing a tailored clinical approach using accelerometers for veterans and non-veterans								Pubmed 21810253						CN-00810281				BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent chronic disease and a leading cause of disability in adults. For people with knee and hip OA, symptoms (e.g., pain and fatigue) can interfere with mobility and physical activity. Whereas symptom management is a cornerstone of treatment for knee and hip OA, limited evidence exists for behavioral interventions delivered by rehabilitation professionals within the context of clinical care that address how symptoms affect participation in daily activities. Activity pacing, a strategy in which people learn to preplan rest breaks to avoid symptom exacerbations, has been effective as part of multi-component interventions, but hasn't been tested as a stand-alone intervention in OA or as a tailored treatment using accelerometers. In a pilot study, we found that participants who underwent a tailored activity pacing intervention had reduced fatigue interference with daily activities. We are now conducting a full-scale trial. METHODS/DESIGN: This paper provides a description of our methods and rationale for a trial that evaluates a tailored activity pacing intervention led by occupational therapists for adults with knee and hip OA. The intervention uses a wrist accelerometer worn during the baseline home monitoring period to glean recent symptom and physical activity patterns and to tailor activity pacing instruction based on how symptoms relate to physical activity. At 10 weeks and 6 months post baseline, we will examine the effectiveness of a tailored activity pacing intervention on fatigue, pain, and physical function compared to general activity pacing and usual care groups. We will also evaluate the effect of tailored activity pacing on physical activity (PA). DISCUSSION: Managing OA symptoms during daily life activity performance can be challenging to people with knee and hip OA, yet few clinical interventions address this issue. The activity pacing intervention tested in this trial is designed to help people modulate their activity levels and reduce symptom flares caused by too much or too little activity. As a result of this trial, we will be able to determine if activity pacing is more effective than usual care, and among the intervention groups, if an individually tailored approach improves fatigue and pain more than a general activity pacing approach. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01192516.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/281/CN-00810281/frame.html										
N. Mutrie, O. Doolin, C. Fitzsimons, P. Grant, M. Granat, M. Grealy, H. Macdonald, F. MacMillan, A. McConnachie, D. Rowe, R. Shaw and D. Skelton	2012	Increasing older adults' walking through primary care: results of a pilot randomized controlled trial		Family practice			29		6	633-42						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Increasing older adults' walking through primary care: results of a pilot randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 22843637						CN-00864747				BACKGROUND: Physical activity can positively influence health for older adults. Primary care is a good setting for physical activity promotion. OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of a pedometer-based walking programme in combination with physical activity consultations. METHODS: Design: Two-arm (intervention/control) 12-week randomized controlled trial with a 12-week follow-up for the intervention group. Setting: One general practice in Glasgow, UK. Participants: Participants were aged ?65 years. The intervention group received two 30-minute physical activity consultations from a trained practice nurse, a pedometer and a walking programme. The control group continued as normal for 12 weeks and then received the intervention. Both groups were followed up at 12 and 24 weeks. Outcome measures: Step counts were measured by sealed pedometers and an activPALTM monitor. Psychosocial variables were assessed and focus groups conducted. RESULTS: The response rate was 66% (187/284), and 90% of those randomized (37/41) completed the study. Qualitative data suggested that the pedometer and nurse were helpful to the intervention. Step counts (activPAL) showed a significant increase from baseline to week 12 for the intervention group, while the control group showed no change. Between weeks 12 and 24, step counts were maintained in the intervention group, and increased for the control group after receiving the intervention. The intervention was associated with improved quality of life and reduced sedentary time. CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to recruit and retain older adults from primary care and help them increase walking. A larger trial is necessary to confirm findings and consider cost-effectiveness.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/747/CN-00864747/frame.html										
J. Myers, P. Gujja, S. Neelagaru and D. Burkhoff	2007	Cardiac output and cardiopulmonary responses to exercise in heart failure: application of a new bio-reactance device		Journal of Cardiac Failure			13		8	629-36					Oct	Comparative Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Cardiac output and cardiopulmonary responses to exercise in heart failure: application of a new bio-reactance device	J Card Fail	1532-8414												17923354				BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) is widely used to evaluate heart failure (HF) patients, but lacks information about ventricular performance. There is a need for a noninvasive cardiac output (CO) measurement.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-three HF patients and 13 normals underwent CPX and CO measurements with a new, noninvasive, bioreactance technology based on assessment of relative phase shifts (d phi/d t) of electric currents injected across the thorax, heart rate, and ventricular ejection time. CO and oxygen uptake (VO2) closely paralleled each another during exercise, and peak CO was strongly correlated with peak VO2 (r = 0.73, P < .001). The relationships between peak VO2 and peak cardiac index (CI) were similar for directly measured CI (r = 0.61) and noninvasive CI (r = 0.61). The CO-VO2 relationship was also similar between the current study and previous studies from the literature, as evidenced by a similar line of best fit and 95% confidence limits. Maximal CO was significantly related to indices of ventilatory efficiency, including the VE/VCO2 slope (r = -0.47, P < .01), and the oxygen uptake efficiency slope (r = 0.67, P < .01).
CONCLUSION: Noninvasive measurement of CO during exercise using a novel bioreactance-based device has potentially important applications as a simple, inexpensive tool to supplement the clinical evaluation of patients with HF.	Myers, Jonathan
Gujja, Pradeep
Neelagaru, Suresh
Burkhoff, Daniel		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17923354http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:17923354&id=doi:&issn=1071-9164&volume=13&issue=8&spage=629&pages=629-36&date=2007&title=Journal+of+Cardiac+Failure&atitle=Cardiac+output+and+cardiopulmonary+responses+to+exercise+in+heart+failure%3A+application+of+a+new+bio-reactance+device.&aulast=Myers&pid=%3Cauthor%3EMyers+J%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E17923354%3C%2FAN%3E		Cardiology Division, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

N. Møller, L. Østergaard, J. Gade, J. Nielsen and L. Andersen	2011	The effect on cardiorespiratory fitness after an 8-week period of commuter cycling--a randomized controlled study in adults		Preventive medicine			53		3	172-7						Randomized Controlled Trial		The effect on cardiorespiratory fitness after an 8-week period of commuter cycling--a randomized controlled study in adults								Pubmed 21708185						CN-00811063				OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of commuter cycling on cardiorespiratory fitness in men and women. Secondary outcomes included body fat and blood pressure measurements. METHODS: In February 2009, 48 volunteers from the Island of Funen, Denmark were randomly assigned to either "no change in lifestyle" or to "minimum 20 minutes of daily commuter cycling during 8 weeks". Maximal oxygen uptake was assessed directly during a progressive cycle-ergometer-test, sum of skinfolds was used as an estimate of body fat, and blood pressure was measured using a Dinamap monitor. Measurements were obtained at baseline and at the conclusion of the 8-week intervention program. RESULTS: Six cyclists dropped out. After 8 weeks VO(2)max (mL O(2) min(-1)) and cardiorespiratory fitness (mL O(2) kg(-1) min(-1)) were significantly improved in the cycling group when compared to the control group. Delta change in VO(2)max between groups equaled 206 mL O(2) min(-1) (p=0.005) and delta change in cardiorespiratory fitness equaled 2.6 mL O(2) kg(-1) min(-1) (p=0.003). Body fatness changed more noticeable (p=0.026) in the cyclists (-12.3±7.3 mm) than in the controls (-0.2±7.1 mm). CONCLUSIONS: VO(2)max and cardiorespiratory fitness were significantly improved and body fat reduced as a result of people engaging in 8 weeks of commuter cycling.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/063/CN-00811063/frame.html										
M. Naguib, M. Selim, H. Bakhamees, A. Samarkandi and A. Turkistani	1996	Enzymatic versus pharmacologic antagonism of profound mivacurium- induced neuromuscular blockade		Anesthesiology			84		5	1051-9						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Enzymatic versus pharmacologic antagonism of profound mivacurium- induced neuromuscular blockade								Pubmed 8623998						CN-00124526				BACKGROUND: Mivacurium, a nondepolarizing muscle relaxant, is hydrolyzed by butyrylcholinesterase. The use of butyrylcholinesterase for antagonism of profound mivacurium-induced blockade has not been studied in humans. In part 1 of this two-part study, the authors examined the relationship between the posttetanic count (PTC) and recovery from profound mivacurium-induced blockade. In part 2, an attempt was made to antagonize a quantified level of profound mivacurium-induced blockade using either butyrylcholinesterase, edrophonium, or neostigmine. METHODS: Eighty-seven ASA physical status 1 or 2 adult patients were given 0.15 mg.kg-1 mivacurium during fentanyl-thiopental-nitrous oxide-isoflurane anesthesia. They were randomly assigned to eight groups. Neuromuscular function was monitored by recording the mechanomyographic response of the adductor pollicis to PTC and train-of-four (TOF) stimulation in all patients except those in group 1 where the TOF was the only pattern used. In part 1, neuromuscular function was allowed to recover spontaneously in ten patients (group 1; control-TOF) until TOF ratio (the amplitude of the fourth evoked response as a fraction of the first evoked response T4/T1) had reached 0.75. The temporal relationship between PTC and the first reaction to TOF stimulation was determined in another 31 patients, and neuromuscular function in 10 of these patients was allowed to recover spontaneously until TOF ratio had reached 0.75. The temporal relationship between PTC and the first reaction to TOF stimulation was determined in another 21 patients, and neuromuscular function in 10 of these patients was allowed to recover spontaneously, until TOF ratio had reached 0.75 (group 2; control-PTC). In part 2, the antagonism of mivacurium-induced profound (PTC > or = 1; groups 3-6) and 90% block (groups 7-8) of twitch height were investigated in another 56 patients. Groups 3 and 7 received neostigmine 0.06 mg.kg-1 whereas groups 4 and 8 received edrophonium 1 mg.kg-1, respectively. Groups 5 and 6 received exogenous human butyrylcholinesterase equivalent to activity present in 25 or 70 ml.kg-1 of human plasma, respectively. RESULTS: Neither butyrylcholinesterase nor edrophonium shortened the times from first PTC response to TOF = 0.75 compared to group 2. Neostigmine resulted in prolongation of recovery time. There was a linear relationship (r = -0.80; P = 0.00001) between PTC and time of onset of TOF response. CONCLUSIONS: There appears to be no clinical advantage in attempting to antagonize profound mivacurium-induced neuromuscular blockade.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/526/CN-00124526/frame.html										
J. Nakajima, M. Kawamura, T. Fujiwara and K. Hiramori	2000	Body height is a determinant of seasonal blood pressure variation in patients with essential hypertension		Hypertension research			23		6	587-92						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Body height is a determinant of seasonal blood pressure variation in patients with essential hypertension								Pubmed 11131270						CN-00329983				To determine the factors that affect seasonal variation in blood pressure (BP) in a fairly large number of patients with essential hypertension who stayed almost entirely indoors in a stable environmental temperature and who took a calcium channel blocker during the study. This prospective study of hypertensive patients was conducted during the summer and winter. BP was measured by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; the indoor temperature was measured at the time of the BP measurement using an electrothermometer with the subject awake and indoors. Subjects comprised 38 men and 57 women. The subjects spent virtually the entire day indoors during both the summer (men, 22.1+/-1.6 h; women, 23.0+/-0.9 h) and winter (men, 23.0+/-0.9 h; women, 22.9+/-0.9 h). During the waking hours, the systolic/diastolic BPs were significantly higher during the winter than the summer. The differences were 8+/-9/4+/-5 mmHg in men and 5+/-11/2+/-6 mmHg in women; these values were not significantly different between men and women. No significant seasonal differences in BP during the sleeping hours were noted. There was a significant difference of approximately 6 degrees C in the environmental temperature during waking hours, but there was no significant difference in urinary excretion of sodium or in exercise activity between the seasons. Only body height was significantly correlated with the winter increase in waking BP in both men and women, even after adjustment for potential confounding variables. Body height was a determinant of the increase in waking BP during the winter in hypertensive patients who lived almost entirely indoors.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/983/CN-00329983/frame.html										
J. Nankani, M. Northfield, Y. Beran and P. Richardson	1990	Changes in asthmatic patients' symptoms and lifestyles on institution of inhaled budesonide therapy		Current medical research and opinion			12		3	198-206						Journal: Article		Changes in asthmatic patients' symptoms and lifestyles on institution of inhaled budesonide therapy														CN-00311201				An open, multi-centre, general practice study was carried out in 1661 asthmatic patients to assess the efficacy, in terms of symptom relief and changes in lifestyle, of budesonide and to record objective lung function changes and any adverse events. After a 1-week run-in period on any pre-trial anti-asthma medication, patients received either 200 mug or 400 mug budesonide twice daily by metered dose inhaler for 4 weeks. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was measured by the doctor on entry, after the run-in, and at the end of the study and patients were asked to complete diary cards on a daily basis to record compliance, bronchodilator usage and the severity of cough, wheeze and sleep disturbance, and weekly to record 5 lifestyle assessments, e.g. physical activity. Analysis of data from the clinic visits and 1375 completed diary cards showed that PEFR increased significantly from 321 + 3 l/min at the end of the run-in to 368 + 3 l/min at the end of the trial; 77% of patients had an improved PEFR. Bronchodilator use decreased significantly from 4.2 + 0.1 times/day during the run-in period to 3.0 + 0.1 times/day at the end of the study; 65% of patients used less bronchodilator. Significant improvements were recorded in all the symptoms and lifestyle indices monitored; 76% of patients improved in at least 5 of the 11 assessments. Treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 103 (6%) of patients: none was classified as serious or unexpected. No sub-group of patients was identified in which the results were at variance from the full sample. It is concluded that budesonide improves patients' lifestyle and ability to carry out normal activities, as well as improving PEFR and reducing bronchodilator use, in mild to moderately severe asthmatics treated in general practice.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/201/CN-00311201/frame.html										
M. Napolitano, K. Borradaile, B. Lewis, J. Whiteley, J. Longval, A. Parisi, A. Albrecht, C. Sciamanna, J. Jakicic, G. Papandonatos and B. Marcus	2010	Accelerometer use in a physical activity intervention trial		Contemporary clinical trials			31		6	514-23						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Accelerometer use in a physical activity intervention trial								Pubmed 20723619						CN-00769943				This paper describes the application of best practice recommendations for using accelerometers in a physical activity (PA) intervention trial, and the concordance of different methods for measuring PA. A subsample (n = 63; 26%) of the 239 healthy, sedentary adults participating in a PA trial (mean age = 47.5; 82% women) wore the ActiGraph monitor at all 3 assessment time points. ActiGraph data were compared with self-report (i.e., PA weekly recall and monthly log) and fitness variables. Correlations between the PA recall and ActiGraph for moderate intensity activity ranged from 0.16-0.48 and from 0.28-0.42 for vigorous intensity activity. ActiGraph and fitness [estimated VO(2)(ml/kg/min)] had correlations of 0.15-0.45. The ActiGraph and weekly self-report were significantly correlated at all time points (correlations ranged from 0.23 to 0.44). In terms of detecting intervention effects, intervention groups recorded more minutes of at least moderate-intensity PA on the ActiGraph than the control group at 6 months (min = 46.47, 95% CI = 14.36-78.58), but not at 12 months. Limitations of the study include a small sample size and only 3 days of ActiGraph monitoring. To obtain optimal results with accelerometers in clinical trials, the authors recommend following best practice recommendations: detailed protocols for monitor use, calibration of monitors and validation of data quality, and use of validated equations for analysis. The ActiGraph has modest concordance with other assessment tools and is sensitive to change over time. However, until more information validating the use of accelerometry in clinical trials becomes available, properly administered self-report measures of PA should remain part of the assessment battery.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/943/CN-00769943/frame.html										
M. A. Napolitano, S. Hayes, G. G. Bennett, A. K. Ives and G. D. Foster	2013	Using Facebook and text messaging to deliver a weight loss program to college students		Obesity			21		1	25-31					Jan	Empirical Study; Quantitative Study		Using Facebook and text messaging to deliver a weight loss program to college students		1930-7381
1930-739X												2013-09534-010				Objective: Between 31 and 35% of the college-aged population is overweight or obese, yet few weight loss trials for this population have been conducted. This study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of a technology-based 8-week weight loss intervention among college students. Design and Methods: Students (N = 52) were randomly assigned to one of the three arms: Facebook (n = 17); Facebook Plus text messaging and personalized feedback (n = 18); Waiting List control (n = 17), with assessments at 4 weeks and 8 weeks (post-treatment). Participants were 20.47 + 2.19 years old, 86.45 + 17.11 kg, with a body mass index of 31.36 + 5.3 kg/m2. Participants were primarily female (86.5%), and the sample was racially diverse (57.7% Caucasian, 30.8% African American, 5.8% Hispanic, and 5.7% other races). Results: The primary outcome was weight loss after 8 weeks (post-treatment); 96.0% of the participants completed this assessment. At 8 weeks, the Facebook Plus group had significantly greater weight loss (-2.4 + 2.5 kg) than the Facebook (-0.63 + 2.4 kg) and Waiting List (-0.24 + 2.6 kg) (both Ps < 0.05). Weight change at 8 weeks was not significantly different between the Facebook and Waiting List groups. Conclusions: Results show preliminary efficacy and acceptability of the two active intervention arms (97.0% found the program helpful, 81.3% found the videos/handouts helpful, and 100% would recommend the program to others). Results indicate the potential for an innovative weight loss intervention that uses technology platforms (Facebook and text messaging) that are frequently used and already integrated into the cultural life of college students. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).			http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=psyc8&AN=2013-09534-010http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:PsycINFO+<April+Week+1+2013+to+June+Week+1+2014>&genre=article&id=pmid:&id=doi:10.1002/oby.20232&issn=1930-7381&volume=21&issue=1&spage=25&pages=25-31&date=2013&title=Obesity&atitle=Using+Facebook+and+text+messaging+to+deliver+a+weight+loss+program+to+college+students.&aulast=Napolitano&pid=<author>Napolitano,+Melissa+A</author>&<AN>2013-09534-010</AN>		Napolitano, Melissa A.: napolita@temple.edu
Napolitano, Melissa A., napolita@temple.edu
Napolitano, Melissa A.: Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, US Hayes, Sharon: Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, US Bennett, Gary G.: Department of Psychology, Duke Obesity Prevention Program, Duke University, Durham, NC, US Ives, Allison K.: Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, US Foster, Gary D.: Department of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, US								English

S. Nayaka, K. Mamatha and K. Raju	2014	A comparative study to assess the efficacy and tolerability of lornoxicam and diclofenac in patients with osteoarthritis of knee in a tertiary care hospital		Journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research			6		3	1306-11						Journal: Article		A comparative study to assess the efficacy and tolerability of lornoxicam and diclofenac in patients with osteoarthritis of knee in a tertiary care hospital														CN-00984340				Cardiovascular adverse effects of COX-2 inhibitors and gastro-intestinal intolerability of NSAIDs for the treatment of osteoarthritis has prompted for better tolerated and efficacious NSAID but as there is paucity of data in Indian population, the present study was taken up. To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of lornoxicam and diclofenac in patients with osteoarthritis of knee. A 4week, randomized open label comparative study was conducted in Department of Orthopedics, Victoria Hospital, Bangalore, on outpatients with osteoarthritis of knee who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. About 100 patients were involved and randomized into two groups of 50 each receiving lornoxicam 8mg BD (group L) and Diclofenac 50mg TID in other (group D). Efficacy was assessed by VAS scores (visual analog scale), WOMAC scale (Western Ontario and McMasters Individual Osteoarthritis Index) for pain and Likert scale for patients assessment to response for therapy and tolerability monitored by incidence of adverse events and any changes in laboratory parameters done on follow up visits. Both drugs were associated with sustained reduction in the scores of osteoarthritis symptoms and improved response to therapy compared with baseline with P<0.001**. However there was significantly greater reduction in symptoms score and better response to therapy with lornoxicam compared to diclofenac as measured by VAS, WOMAC index of osteoarthritis knee and Likert scale with P<0.001**. Most of the patients reported gastro-intestinal intolerability with no cardiovascular and renal adverse effects but there was significantly less adverse events with lornoxicam compared to diclofenac with P<0.001**. In the present study lornoxicam significantly relieves pain of osteoarthritis knee more than diclofenac with better patient's response to therapy and tolerability.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/340/CN-00984340/frame.html										
R. Nesto, R. Phillips, K. Kett, L. McAuliffe, M. Roberts and P. Hegarty	1991	Effect of nifedipine on total ischemic activity and circadian distribution of myocardial ischemic episodes in angina pectoris		American journal of cardiology			67		2	128-32						Clinical Trial; Comment; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effect of nifedipine on total ischemic activity and circadian distribution of myocardial ischemic episodes in angina pectoris								Pubmed 1987713						CN-00072454				A randomized, double-blind, crossover study was conducted in 10 patients to assess the effect of nifedipine versus placebo on total ischemic activity and circadian distribution of ischemic episodes. After baseline exercise treadmill testing and 48-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic ST-segment monitoring, patients received either nifedipine (mean dose, 80 mg/day) or placebo administered 4 times per day, with the initial dose taken immediately upon arising in the morning. Patients were maintained on a stable dose of each study drug for 7 days, after which they underwent repeat exercise treadmill testing and 48-hour ambulatory electrocardiography. During exercise treadmill testing, greater exercise duration was achieved by patients receiving nifedipine than by those receiving placebo (421 +/- 121 vs 353 +/- 155 seconds, respectively; p less than 0.05). Time to greater than or equal to 1 mm ST depression was significantly greater with nifedipine (282 +/- 146 seconds) than at baseline (130 +/- 72 seconds, p less than 0.003) and with placebo (150 +/- 98 seconds, p less than 0.0005). During ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring, nifedipine reduced both the total number of ischemic episodes (18 vs 54 at baseline and 63 with placebo; p less than 0.02 for both) and the total duration of ischemia (260 vs 874 at baseline and 927 minutes with placebo; p less than 0.02 for both). The surge of ischemia between 06:00 and 12:00 noted at baseline and during placebo therapy was nearly abolished during nifedipine treatment. Nifedipine at this dosage, administered in this manner, is effective in reducing total ischemic activity and may prevent morning surges of ischemic episodes.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/454/CN-00072454/frame.html										
L. Nettlefold, H. McKay, D. Warburton, K. McGuire, S. Bredin and P. Naylor	2011	The challenge of low physical activity during the school day: at recess, lunch and in physical education		British journal of sports medicine			45		10	813-9						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The challenge of low physical activity during the school day: at recess, lunch and in physical education								Pubmed 20215489						CN-00813532				PURPOSE: To describe physical activity (PA) intensity across a school day and assess the percentage of girls and boys achieving recommended guidelines. METHODS: The authors measured PA via accelerometry in 380 children (8-11 years) and examined data representing (1) the whole school day, (2) regular class time, (3) recess, (4) lunch and (5) scheduled physical education (PE). Activity was categorised as sedentary (SED), light physical activity (LPA) or moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) using age-specific thresholds. They examined sex differences across PA intensities during each time period and compliance with recommended guidelines. RESULTS: Girls accumulated less MVPA and more SED than boys throughout the school day (MVPA -10.6 min; SED +13.9 min) recess (MVPA -1.6 min; SED +1.7 min) and lunch (MVPA -3.1 min; SED +2.9 min). Girls accumulated less MVPA (-6.2 min), less LPA (-2.5 min) and more SED (+9.4 min) than boys during regular class time. Fewer girls than boys achieved PA guidelines during school (90.9% vs 96.2%), recess (15.7% vs 34.1%) and lunch (16.7% vs 37.4%). During PE, only 1.8% of girls and 2.9% of boys achieved the PA guidelines. Girls and boys accumulated similar amounts of MVPA, LPA and SED. CONCLUSION: The MVPA deficit in girls was due to their sedentary behaviour as opposed to LPA. Physical activity strategies that target girls are essential to overcome this deficit. Only a very small percentage of children met physical activity guidelines during PE. There is a great need for additional training and emphasis on PA during PE. In addition schools should complement PE with PA models that increase PA opportunities across the school day.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/532/CN-00813532/frame.html										
C. Neville, I. Young, S. Gilchrist, M. McKinley, A. Gibson, J. Edgar and J. Woodside	2014	Effect of increased fruit and vegetable consumption on physical function and muscle strength in older adults		Age			35		6	2409-22						Journal: Article		Effect of increased fruit and vegetable consumption on physical function and muscle strength in older adults														CN-00979034				Fruit and vegetable (FV) intake, which is often low in older people, may be associated with improved muscle strength and physical function. However, there is a shortage of intervention trial evidence to support this. The current study examined the effect of increased FV consumption on measures of muscle strength and physical function among healthy, free-living older adults. A randomized controlled intervention study was undertaken. Eightythree participants aged 65-85 years, habitually consuming <2 portions of FV/day, were randomised to continue their normal diet (<2 portions/day), or to consume >5 portions of FV/day for 16 weeks. FV were delivered to all participants each week, free ofcharge. Compliance was monitored at baseline, 6, 12 and 16 weeks by diet history and by measuring biomarkers of micronutrient status. Grip strength was measured by a hand-held dynamometer, while lower-extremity physical function was assessed by performance-based measures. Eighty-two participants completed the intervention. The 5 portions/day group showed greater change in daily FV consumption compared to the 2 portions/day group (P<0.001). This was reflected in significant increases in biomarkers of micronutrient status. No significant differences were evident in change in physical function between the two groups. However, there was a trend towards a greater change in grip strength in the 5 portions/day compared to the 2 portions/day group (mean change at 16 weeks+SD, 2.04+5.16 and 0.11+3.26 kg, respectively, P=0.06). Increased FV consumption may modestly increase grip strength but has no effect on physical function in healthy older adults. American Aging Association 2013.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/034/CN-00979034/frame.html										
R. Newcomer, V. Maravilla, P. Faculjak and M. Graves	2004	Outcomes of preventive case management among high-risk elderly in three medical groups: a randomized clinical trial		Evaluation & the health professions			27		4	323-48						Clinical Trial; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Outcomes of preventive case management among high-risk elderly in three medical groups: a randomized clinical trial								Pubmed 15492046						CN-00492269				Preventive case management was implemented by Sharp Healthcare of San Diego with the intention of complementing primary care for geriatric patients enrolled in PacifiCare's Secure Horizons Medicare plan. This article presents patient outcomes after 12 months of participation. The program featured an annual screening questionnaire, appointment monitoring, disease education, and self-management support. It used a prospective design, tracking randomly assigned treatment (n= 1,537) and control patient samples (n = 1,542) for 12 months. Outcomes included physical and mental health status; hospital, ER, and nursing home use; hospital days and expenditures among persons having an inpatient stay; and primary care physician visits. Utilization data were obtained from Sharp Healthcare systems and from screening questionnaires. No statistically significant main effects were found, but persons with three or more independent activity of daily living limitations were about half as likely to have a nursing home admission if they were in case management rather than in the control group.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/269/CN-00492269/frame.html										
M. Newman, K. Pettee, K. Storti, C. Richardson, L. Kuller and A. Kriska	2009	Monthly variation in physical activity levels in postmenopausal women		Medicine and science in sports and exercise			41		2	322-7						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Monthly variation in physical activity levels in postmenopausal women								Pubmed 19127194						CN-00686745				INTRODUCTION: Month-to-month variation in physical activity levels in a cohort of postmenopausal women participating in a single site clinical trial undergoing lifestyle intervention was investigated before and after lifestyle intervention. METHODS: Participants were Caucasian and African American women (mean age = 57.0 +/- 3.0 yr) from the Women on the Move through Activity and Nutrition study. Physical activity was measured subjectively by questionnaire (past week and past year) and objectively by pedometer at the baseline and at the 18-month follow-up. RESULTS: At baseline, before intervention, pedometer steps were highest in the summer months (7616 steps per day), lower in the fall (6293 steps per day), lowest in winter (5304 steps per day), and then rebounded in the spring (5850 steps per day). Physical activity estimates from the past-week subjective measure followed the same seasonal pattern. After 18 months, the lifestyle change group significantly increased their pedometer step counts when compared with the health education group (P < 0.0001). At 18 months, pedometer step counts for the health education group appeared to fluctuate from month to month, whereas month-to-month step counts for the lifestyle change group appeared to remain consistent throughout the year. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm previous reports that suggest physical activity levels fluctuate throughout the year. Lifestyle intervention, which includes a physical activity component, not only increases step counts but appears to reduce some of variation in physical activity levels over the course of a year in postmenopausal women.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/745/CN-00686745/frame.html										
C. Ng, S. Jenkins, N. Cecins, P. Eastwood and K. Hill	2012	The effect of using a wheeled walker on physical activity in people with COPD: Preliminary data		Respirology. Conference: 2012 Annual Scientific Meetings of the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand and the Australian and New Zealand Society of Respiratory Science Canberra, ACT Australia. Conference Start: 20120330 Conference End: 20120404. Conference Publication: (var.pagings)			17		Suppl 1	60						Journal: Conference Abstract		The effect of using a wheeled walker on physical activity in people with COPD: Preliminary data														CN-00833698				Aim To evaluate the effect of providing a wheeled walker (WW) for use in the community on daily physical activity (PA) in people with COPD. Methods A randomized cross-over study in which participants with COPD characterized by a 6-min walk distance <450m, who had recently finished pulmonary rehabilitation, completed two 4-week phases. During Phase 1, participants were provided with a WW for use in the community whereas during Phase 2 the WW was not available. The order of the phases was randomized. Measures of health-related quality of life (Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire, CRDQ) and accelerometer-based daily PA (Stepwatch Activity Monitor) were completed at the end of each phase and compared using paired t-tests. Use of the WW was also measured via an odometer attached to the device. Results 16 participants (8 males; aged 72 (9) years; FEV<sub>1</sub> 34 (15) %pred) completed the study. The differences in all four domains of the CRDQ were not statistically or clinically significant. Participants took more steps when they had the WW (mean difference between Phases: 1158 steps per day (P = 0.02) 95% CI: 192-2124 steps per day). Average distance walked per day with the WW was 772 (458) m. Conclusion These data demonstrate that providing a WW to selected patients with COPD increases their PA.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/698/CN-00833698/frame.html										
N. Ng, K. Heesch and W. Brown	2010	Efficacy of a progressive walking program and glucosamine sulphate supplementation on osteoarthritic symptoms of the hip and knee: a feasibility trial		Arthritis research & therapy			12		1	R25						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Efficacy of a progressive walking program and glucosamine sulphate supplementation on osteoarthritic symptoms of the hip and knee: a feasibility trial								Pubmed 20152042						CN-00749981				INTRODUCTION: Management of osteoarthritis (OA) includes the use of non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapies. Although walking is commonly recommended for reducing pain and increasing physical function in people with OA, glucosamine sulphate has also been used to alleviate pain and slow the progression of OA. This study evaluated the effects of a progressive walking program and glucosamine sulphate intake on OA symptoms and physical activity participation in people with mild to moderate hip or knee OA. METHODS: Thirty-six low active participants (aged 42 to 73 years) were provided with 1500 mg glucosamine sulphate per day for 6 weeks, after which they began a 12-week progressive walking program, while continuing to take glucosamine. They were randomized to walk 3 or 5 days per week and given a pedometer to monitor step counts. For both groups, step level of walking was gradually increased to 3000 steps/day during the first 6 weeks of walking, and to 6000 steps/day for the next 6 weeks. Primary outcomes included physical activity levels, physical function (self-paced step test), and the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index for pain, stiffness and physical function. Assessments were conducted at baseline and at 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-week follow-ups. The Mann Whitney Test was used to examine differences in outcome measures between groups at each assessment, and the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used to examine differences in outcome measures between assessments. RESULTS: During the first 6 weeks of the study (glucosamine supplementation only), physical activity levels, physical function, and total WOMAC scores improved (P < 0.05). Between the start of the walking program (Week 6) and the final follow-up (Week 24), further improvements were seen in these outcomes (P < 0.05) although most improvements were seen between Weeks 6 and 12. No significant differences were found between walking groups. CONCLUSIONS: In people with hip or knee OA, walking a minimum of 3000 steps (approximately 30 minutes), at least 3 days/week, in combination with glucosamine sulphate, may reduce OA symptoms. A more robust study with a larger sample is needed to support these preliminary findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN012607000159459.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/981/CN-00749981/frame.html										
T. Ng, W. Bussone, S. Duma and T. Kress	2006	Thoracic and lumbar spine accelerations in everyday activities		Biomedical sciences instrumentation			42			410-5						Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial;		Thoracic and lumbar spine accelerations in everyday activities								Pubmed 16817643						CN-00557200				The purpose of this study was to quantify thoracic and lumbar spine accelerations for men and women of different body sizes during daily activities. Measured spine accelerations were compared to determine if there were significant differences in peak accelerations based on gender, size, and spine location. Each subject performed seven activities, which included sitting in a chair, sitting quickly in a chair, walking at 1.3 m/s, running at 2.7 m/s, performing jumping jacks, achieving maximum vertical leap, and jumping off a step approximately 20 cm high. Overall, the peak lumbar spine accelerations were significantly greater than the thoracic spine accelerations. Based on the statistical analysis, it was determined that gender and body size did not have a significant effect on peak accelerations of the thoracic and lumbar spine. The findings from the present study are of great value to researchers in order to understand the acceleration patterns of the human body during low impact accelerations.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/200/CN-00557200/frame.html										
H. Q. Nguyen, R. L. Burr, D. P. Gill and K. Coleman	2011	Validation of the StepWatch device for measurement of free-living ambulatory activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease		Journal of Nursing Measurement			19		2	76-90						Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Validation Studies		Validation of the StepWatch device for measurement of free-living ambulatory activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	J Nurs Meas	1061-3749												22003809				This study examined the validity of the StepWatch activity monitor and the optimal number of monitoring days in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). StepWatch activity data were obtained from databases of two studies: one of patients with COPD who participated in a trial of two exercise persistence interventions (n = 17) and a second, cross-sectional study of activity in chronically healthy older adults (n = 60). Independent t tests, Pearson's correlations, and Bland-Altman plots were used to examine the activity data (total steps, activity intensity, and distribution of activity). Results indicated that patients with COPD registered 50% fewer total steps and had lower levels of walking intensity compared with chronically healthy older adults. Activity parameters had moderate-to-high correlations with disease severity, peak cycle workload, and physical functioning. More monitoring days were associated with greater measurement precision. This study provides preliminary evidence to support the validity of the StepWatch device for measuring free-living ambulatory physical activity in COPD.	Nguyen, Huong Q
Burr, Robert L
Gill, Dawn P
Coleman, Kim
1KL2RR025015 (United States NCRR NIH HHS)
KL2 RR025015 (United States NCRR NIH HHS)
R03 NR009361 (United States NINR NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22003809http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22003809&id=doi:&issn=1061-3749&volume=19&issue=2&spage=76&pages=76-90&date=2011&title=Journal+of+Nursing+Measurement&atitle=Validation+of+the+StepWatch+device+for+measurement+of+free-living+ambulatory+activity+in+patients+with+chronic+obstructive+pulmonary+disease.&aulast=Nguyen&pid=%3Cauthor%3ENguyen+HQ%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22003809%3C%2FAN%3E		University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. HQN@uw.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

H. Q. Nguyen, V. S. Fan, J. Herting, J. Lee, M. Fu, Z. Chen, S. Borson, R. Kohen, G. Matute-Bello, G. Pagalilauan and S. G. Adams	2013	Patients with COPD with higher levels of anxiety are more physically active		Chest			144		1	145-51					Jul	Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Patients with COPD with higher levels of anxiety are more physically active	Chest	1931-3543					PMC3747724 [Available on 07/01/14]							23370503				BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) has been found to be an excellent predictor of mortality beyond traditional measures in COPD. We aimed to determine the association between depression and anxiety with accelerometry-based PA in patients with COPD.
METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 148 stable patients with COPD enrolled in an ongoing, longitudinal, observational study. We measured PA (total daily step count) with a Stepwatch Activity Monitor over 7 days, depression and anxiety with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (HADSs), dyspnea with the Shortness of Breath Questionnaire, and functional capacity with the 6-min walk test.
RESULTS: Increased anxiety was associated with higher levels of PA such that for every one-point increase in the HADS-Anxiety score there was a corresponding increase of 288 step counts per day (beta=288 steps, P<.001), after adjusting for all other variables. Higher levels of depressive symptoms were associated with lower PA (beta=-176 steps, P=.02) only when anxiety was in the model. The interaction term for anxiety and depression approached significance (beta=26, P=.10), suggesting that higher levels of anxiety mitigate the negative effects of depression on PA.
CONCLUSIONS: The increased PA associated with anxiety in COPD is, to our knowledge, a novel finding. However, it is unclear whether anxious patients with COPD are more restless, and use increased psychomotor activity as a coping mechanism, or whether those with COPD who push themselves to be more physically active experience more anxiety symptoms. Future studies should evaluate for anxiety and PA to better inform how to improve clinical outcomes.
TRIAL REGISTRY: Clinicaltrials.gov; No.: NCT01074515; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.	Nguyen, Huong Q
Fan, Vincent S
Herting, Jerald
Lee, Jungeun
Fu, Musetta
Chen, Zijing
Borson, Soo
Kohen, Ruth
Matute-Bello, Gustavo
Pagalilauan, Genevieve
Adams, Sandra G
Comment in: Chest. 2013 Dec;144(6):1975; PMID: 24297140
5R01HL093146 (United States NHLBI NIH HHS)
KL2 TR000421 (United States NCATS NIH HHS)
R01 HL093146 (United States NHLBI NIH HHS)
R24 HD042828 (United States NICHD NIH HHS)
UL1 TR000423 (United States NCATS NIH HHS)
UL1RR025014 (United States NCRR NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medc&AN=23370503http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+Corrections&genre=article&id=pmid:23370503&id=doi:10.1378%2Fchest.12-1873&issn=0012-3692&volume=144&issue=1&spage=145&pages=145-51&date=2013&title=Chest&atitle=Patients+with+COPD+with+higher+levels+of+anxiety+are+more+physically+active.&aulast=Nguyen&pid=%3Cauthor%3ENguyen+HQ%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23370503%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasdadena, CA 91101, USA. huong.q2.nguyen@kp.org						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

H. Q. Nguyen, D. P. Gill, S. Wolpin, B. G. Steele and J. O. Benditt	2009	Pilot study of a cell phone-based exercise persistence intervention post-rehabilitation for COPD		International Journal of Copd			4			301-13						Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Pilot study of a cell phone-based exercise persistence intervention post-rehabilitation for COPD	Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis	1178-2005					PMC2740952							19750190				OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility and efficacy of a six-month, cell phone-based exercise persistence intervention for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) following pulmonary rehabilitation.
METHODS: Participants who completed a two-week run-in were randomly assigned to either MOBILE-Coached (n = 9) or MOBILE-Self-Monitored (n = 8). All participants met with a nurse to develop an individualized exercise plan, were issued a pedometer and exercise booklet, and instructed to continue to log their daily exercise and symptoms. MOBILE-Coached also received weekly reinforcement text messages on their cell phones; reports of worsening symptoms were automatically flagged for follow-up. Usability and satisfaction were assessed. Participants completed incremental cycle and six minute walk (6MW) tests, wore an activity monitor for 14 days, and reported their health-related quality of life (HRQL) at baseline, three, and six months.
RESULTS: The sample had a mean age of 68 +/-11 and forced expiratory volume in one second 18% predicted. Participants reported that logging their exercise and symptoms (FEV(1)) of 40 +/- was easy and that keeping track of their exercise helped them remain active. There were no differences between groups over time in maximal workload, 6MW distance, or HRQL (p > 0.05); however, MOBILE-Self-Monitored increased total steps/day whereas MOBILE-Coached logged fewer steps over six months (p =0.04).
CONCLUSIONS: We showed that it is feasible to deliver a cell phone-based exercise persistence intervention to patients with COPD post-rehabilitation and that the addition of coaching appeared to be no better than self-monitoring. The latter finding needs to be interpreted with caution since this was a purely exploratory study.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00373932).	Nguyen, Huong Q
Gill, Dawn P
Wolpin, Seth
Steele, Bonnie G
Benditt, Joshua O
1KL2RR025015-01 (United States NCRR NIH HHS)
R03NR009361 (United States NINR NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19750190http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19750190&id=doi:&issn=1176-9106&volume=4&issue=&spage=301&pages=301-13&date=2009&title=International+Journal+of+Copd&atitle=Pilot+study+of+a+cell+phone-based+exercise+persistence+intervention+post-rehabilitation+for+COPD.&aulast=Nguyen&pid=%3Cauthor%3ENguyen+HQ%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19750190%3C%2FAN%3E		University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98199, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

H. Nguyen, D. Donesky-Cuenco, S. Wolpin, L. Reinke, J. Benditt, S. Paul and V. Carrieri-Kohlman	2008	Randomized controlled trial of an internet-based versus face-to-face dyspnea self-management program for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: pilot study		Journal of medical Internet research			10		2	e9						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Randomized controlled trial of an internet-based versus face-to-face dyspnea self-management program for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: pilot study								Pubmed 18417444						CN-00638980				BACKGROUND: People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continue to experience dyspnea with activities of daily living (ADL) despite optimal medical management. Information and communication technologies may facilitate collaborative symptom management and could potentially increase the reach of such interventions to those who are unable to attend face-to-face pulmonary rehabilitation or self-management programs. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this randomized study was to test the efficacy of two 6-month dyspnea self-management programs, Internet-based (eDSMP) and face-to-face (fDSMP), on dyspnea with ADL in people living with COPD. METHODS: We randomly assigned 50 participants with moderate to severe COPD who were current Internet users to either the eDSMP (n = 26) or fDSMP (n = 24) group. The content of the two programs was similar, focusing on education, skills training, and ongoing support for dyspnea self-management, including independent exercise. The only difference was the mode (Internet/personal digital assistant [PDA] or face-to-face) in which the education sessions, reinforcement contacts, and peer interactions took place. Participants returned to one of two academic clinical sites for evaluation at 3 and 6 months. The primary outcome of dyspnea with ADL was measured with the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire. Secondary outcomes of exercise behavior, exercise performance, COPD exacerbations, and mediators, such as self-efficacy and social support, were also measured. A satisfaction survey was administered and a semistructured exit interview was conducted at the final visit. RESULTS: The study was stopped early due to multiple technical challenges with the eDSMP, but follow-up was completed on all enrolled participants. Data were available for 39 participants who completed the study (female: 44%; age: 69.5 +/- 8.5 years; percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s: 49.6 +/- 17.0%). The fDSMP and eDSMP showed similar clinically meaningful changes in dyspnea with ADL from baseline to 3 months (fDSMP: + 3.3 points; eDSMP: + 3.5 points) and sustained these improvements at 6 months (fDSMP: + 4.0 points; eDSMP: + 2.5 points; time effects P < .001; group by time P = .51). Self-reported endurance exercise time (P = .001), physical functioning (P = .04), and self-efficacy for managing dyspnea (P = .02) also showed positive improvements over time in both groups with no significant differences with respect to program modality. Participants who completed the study reported favorable satisfaction with the programs. CONCLUSIONS: Although there were numerous technical challenges with the eDSMP, both dyspnea self-management programs were effective in reducing dyspnea with ADL in the short term. Our findings will need to be confirmed in a larger randomized trial with more mature Web and personal digital assistant tools, use of a control group, and longer follow-up.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/980/CN-00638980/frame.html										
H. Nguyen, D. Gill, S. Wolpin, B. Steele and J. Benditt	2009	Pilot study of a cell phone-based exercise persistence intervention post-rehabilitation for COPD		International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease			4			301-13						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Pilot study of a cell phone-based exercise persistence intervention post-rehabilitation for COPD								Pubmed 19750190						CN-00731706				OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility and efficacy of a six-month, cell phone-based exercise persistence intervention for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) following pulmonary rehabilitation. METHODS: Participants who completed a two-week run-in were randomly assigned to either MOBILE-Coached (n = 9) or MOBILE-Self-Monitored (n = 8). All participants met with a nurse to develop an individualized exercise plan, were issued a pedometer and exercise booklet, and instructed to continue to log their daily exercise and symptoms. MOBILE-Coached also received weekly reinforcement text messages on their cell phones; reports of worsening symptoms were automatically flagged for follow-up. Usability and satisfaction were assessed. Participants completed incremental cycle and six minute walk (6MW) tests, wore an activity monitor for 14 days, and reported their health-related quality of life (HRQL) at baseline, three, and six months. RESULTS: The sample had a mean age of 68 +/-11 and forced expiratory volume in one second 18% predicted. Participants reported that logging their exercise and symptoms (FEV(1)) of 40 +/- was easy and that keeping track of their exercise helped them remain active. There were no differences between groups over time in maximal workload, 6MW distance, or HRQL (p > 0.05); however, MOBILE-Self-Monitored increased total steps/day whereas MOBILE-Coached logged fewer steps over six months (p =0.04). CONCLUSIONS: We showed that it is feasible to deliver a cell phone-based exercise persistence intervention to patients with COPD post-rehabilitation and that the addition of coaching appeared to be no better than self-monitoring. The latter finding needs to be interpreted with caution since this was a purely exploratory study. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00373932).			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/706/CN-00731706/frame.html										
H. Nguyen, S. Wolpin, K. Chiang, D. Cuenco and V. Carrieri-Kohlman	2006	Exercise and symptom monitoring with a mobile device		AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings / AMIA Symposium. AMIA Symposium						1047						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Exercise and symptom monitoring with a mobile device								Pubmed 17238666						CN-00609137				Mobile PDA/phone devices allow remote monitoring of clinical and behavioral parameters. However, passively expecting patients to use these devices may lead to low response rates. Our study, aimed at collecting exercise and symptom data from an older clinical population of patients with COPD, employed push technology principles by delivering automated prompts to patients in an effort to increase response rates. We found acceptable response rates with subjects preferring to have prompts delivered to coincide with their exercise activity though usability issues had adverse effects on response rates and time.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/137/CN-00609137/frame.html										
H. Q. Nguyen, R. L. Burr, D. P. Gill and K. Coleman	2011	Validation of the StepWatch Device for Measurement of Free-Living Ambulatory Activity in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease		Journal of Nursing Measurement			19		2	76-90								Validation of the StepWatch Device for Measurement of Free-Living Ambulatory Activity in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease		1061-3749												2011296160. Language: English. Entry Date: 20111118. Revision Date: 20111118. Publication Type: journal article				This study examined the validity of the StepWatch activity monitor and the optimal number of monitoring days in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). StepWatch activity data were obtained from databases of two studies: one of patients with COPD who participated in a trial of two exercise persistence interventions (n = 17) and a second, cross-sectional study of activity in chronically healthy older adults (n = 60). Independent t tests, Pearson's correlations, and Bland-Altman plots were used to examine the activity data (total steps, activity intensity, and distribution of activity). Results indicated that patients with COPD registered 50% fewer total steps and had lower levels of walking intensity compared with chronically healthy older adults. Activity parameters had moderate-to-high correlations with disease severity, peak cycle workload, and physical functioning. More monitoring days were associated with greater measurement precision. This study provides preliminary evidence to support the validity of the StepWatch device for measuring free-living ambulatory physical activity in COPD.	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Nursing; Peer Reviewed; USA. Instrumentation: Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT); Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36); St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) (Jones et al). Grant Information: R03 NR009361, 1KL2RR025015, and R44 HD 39036-02 (Cyma Corporation). No. of Refs: 43 ref. NLM UID: 9318902.
PMID: 22003809		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2011296160&site=ehost-live								rzh	EBSCOhost	
H. Q. Nguyen, V. S. Fan, J. Herting, J. Lee, M. Fu, Z. Chen, S. Borson, R. Kohen, G. Matute-Bello, G. Pagalilauan and S. G. Adams	2013	Patients With COPD With Higher Levels of Anxiety Are More Physically Active		CHEST			144		1	145-151								Patients With COPD With Higher Levels of Anxiety Are More Physically Active		0012-3692												2012199598. Language: English. Entry Date: 20131011. Revision Date: 20131011. Publication Type: journal article				BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) has been found to be an excellent predictor of mortality beyond traditional measures in COPD. We aimed to determine the association between depression and anxiety with accelerometry-based PA in patients with COPD. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 148 stable patients with COPD enrolled in an ongoing, longitudinal, observational study. We measured PA (total daily step count) with a Stepwatch Activity Monitor over 7 days, depression and anxiety with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (HADSs), dyspnea with the Shortness of Breath Questionnaire, and functional capacity with the 6-min walk test. RESULTS: Increased anxiety was associated with higher levels of PA such that for every one-point increase in the HADS-Anxiety score there was a corresponding increase of 288 step counts per day ([beta] = 288 steps, P .001), after adjusting for all other variables. Higher levels of depressive symptoms were associated with lower PA ([beta]= -176 steps, P = .02) only when anxiety was in the model. The interaction term for anxiety and depression approached significance ([beta] = 26, P = .10), suggesting that higher levels of anxiety mitigate the negative effects of depression on PA. CONCLUSIONS: The increased PA associated with anxiety in COPD is, to our knowledge, a novel finding. However, it is unclear whether anxious patients with COPD are more restless, and use increased psychomotor activity as a coping mechanism, or whether those with COPD who push themselves to be more physically active experience more anxiety symptoms. Future studies should evaluate for anxiety and PA to better inform how to improve clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRY: Clinicaltrials.gov; No.: NCT01074515; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.	research. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Online/Print; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Critical Care. NLM UID: 0231335.
PMID: 23370503		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2012199598&site=ehost-live								rzh	EBSCOhost	
M. C. Ni, V. Roberts, R. Maddison, E. Dorey, Y. Jiang, A. Jull and T. S. Tin	2009	Effect of electronic time monitors on children's television watching: pilot trial of a home-based intervention		Preventive medicine			49		5	413-7						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effect of electronic time monitors on children's television watching: pilot trial of a home-based intervention								Pubmed 19744507						CN-00732230				OBJECTIVES: This pilot study evaluated the feasibility (recruitment, retention, and acceptability) and preliminary efficacy of a six-week home-based electronic time monitor intervention on New Zealand children's television watching in 2008. METHODS: Twenty-nine children aged 9 to 12 years who watched more than 20 h of television per week (62% male, mean age 10.4 years) were randomised to either the intervention or the control group. The intervention group received an electronic TV time monitor for 6 weeks and advice to restrict TV watching to 1 h per day or less. The control group was given verbal advice to restrict TV watching. RESULTS: Participant retention at 6 weeks was 93%. Semi-structured interviews with intervention families confirmed moderate acceptability of TV time monitors and several perceived benefits including better awareness of household TV viewing and improved time planning. Drawbacks reported included disruption to parents' TV watching and increased sibling conflict. Time spent watching television decreased by 4.2 h (mean change [SD]: -254 [536] min) per week in the intervention group compared with no change in the control group (-3 [241] min), but the difference between groups was not statistically significant, p=0.77. Both groups reported decreases in energy intake from snacks and total screen time and increases in physical activity measured by pedometer and between-group differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Electronic TV time monitors are feasible to use for home-based TV watching interventions although acceptability varies between families. Preliminary findings from this pilot suggest that such devices have potential to decrease children's TV watching but a larger trial is needed to confirm effectiveness. Future research should be family-orientated; take account of other screen time activities; and employ TV time monitors as just one of a range of strategies to decrease sedentary behaviour.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/230/CN-00732230/frame.html										
J. F. Nichols, P. Patterson and T. Early	1992	A validation of a physical activity monitor for young and older adults		Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences			17		4	299-303					Dec			A validation of a physical activity monitor for young and older adults	Can J Sport Sci	0833-1235												1330268				The accuracy of the Caltrac accelerometer was studied in 28 young (26.1 +/- 1.1 yrs) and 28 older (64.8 +/- 1.0 yrs; M +/- SEM) men and women to determine its usefulness as an activity monitor for young and older adults. Oxygen uptake was measured by indirect calorimetry while subjects walked on a motorized treadmill at six different speeds while wearing an accelerometer on the hip and on the upper back. The test-retest reliability of the Caltrac was r = .95 and r = .98 for young and older subjects, respectively. In the young group, activity counts correlated highly to net caloric expenditure (absolute minus estimated resting expenditure) (hip vs. kcal/kg: r = .89; back vs. kcal/kg: r = .88) when averaged across speeds, but the relationship was only moderate (back: r = .51; hip: r = .46) when the influence of speed was removed. In the older group the correlations were considerably weaker (back: r = .73; hip: r = .25), and essentially zero when the influence of speed was removed. These data indicate that the Caltrac is a highly reliable accelerometer that is useful for assessing qualitative differences in the level of physical activity among groups, but it lacks accuracy in quantifying energy expenditure in individuals, especially in older adults.	Nichols, J F
Patterson, P
Early, T		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=1330268http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1988+to+1995%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:1330268&id=doi:&issn=0833-1235&volume=17&issue=4&spage=299&pages=299-303&date=1992&title=Canadian+Journal+of+Sport+Sciences&atitle=A+validation+of+a+physical+activity+monitor+for+young+and+older+adults.&aulast=Nichols&pid=%3Cauthor%3ENichols+JF%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E1330268%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Physical Education, San Diego State University, CA 92182-0171.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

B. Nicklas, J. Gaukstern, C. Legault, I. Leng and W. Rejeski	2012	Intervening on spontaneous physical activity to prevent weight regain in older adults: design of a randomized, clinical trial		Contemporary clinical trials			33		2	450-5						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Intervening on spontaneous physical activity to prevent weight regain in older adults: design of a randomized, clinical trial								Pubmed 22155531						CN-00848727				There is a need to identify evidenced-based obesity treatments that are effective in maintaining lost weight. Weight loss results in reductions in energy expenditure, including spontaneous physical activity (SPA) which is defined as energy expenditure resulting primarily from unstructured mobility-related activities that occur during daily life. To date, there is little research, especially randomized, controlled trials, testing strategies that can be adopted and sustained to prevent declines in SPA that occur with weight loss. Self-monitoring is a successful behavioral strategy to facilitate behavior change, so a provocative question is whether monitoring SPA-related energy expenditure would override these reductions in SPA, and slow weight regain. This study is a randomized trial in older, obese men and women designed to test the hypothesis that adding a self-regulatory intervention (SRI), focused around self-monitoring of SPA, to a weight loss intervention will result in less weight and fat mass regain following weight loss than a comparable intervention that lacks this self-regulatory behavioral strategy. Participants (n=72) are randomized to a 5-month weight loss intervention with or without the addition of a behavioral component that includes an innovative approach to promoting increased SPA. Both groups then transition to self-selected diet and exercise behavior for a 5-month follow-up. Throughout the 10-month period, the SRI group is provided with an intervention designed to promote a SPA level that is equal to or greater than each individual's baseline SPA level, allowing us to isolate the effects of the SPA self-regulatory intervention component on weight and fat mass regain.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/727/CN-00848727/frame.html										
K. Niedermann, E. Sidelnikov, C. Muggli, H. Dagfinrud, M. Hermann, G. Tamborrini, A. Ciurea and H. Bischoff-Ferrari	2013	Effect of cardiovascular training on fitness and perceived disease activity in people with ankylosing spondylitis		Arthritis care & research			65		11	1844-52						Journal: Article		Effect of cardiovascular training on fitness and perceived disease activity in people with ankylosing spondylitis														CN-00915825				Objective Several studies suggest that patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 12-week, individually monitored, with moderate heart rate level intensity cardiovascular training on cardiovascular fitness and perceived disease activity in AS patients. Methods Patients diagnosed with AS according to the modified New York criteria were randomized to either cardiovascular training or attention control. The training group performed 3 cardiovascular training units per week. All participants attended 1 weekly usual care flexibility training session. Attention control contained regular discussion groups on coping strategies. Adherence was self-monitored. Assessments were performed at baseline and after the intervention period of 3 months. Physical fitness was the primary end point, measured in watts using a submaximal bicycle test following the physical work capacity 75% protocol. All analyses controlled for sex, age, body mass index, baseline fitness and physical activity levels, and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). Results Of 106 AS patients enrolled, 40% were women and the mean + SD age was 49 + 12 years. A total of 74.6% of the training group reported exercising at least 3 times a week. At the 3-month followup, the fitness level in the training group was significantly higher than in the control group (mean + SE 90.32W + 4.52W versus 109.84W + 4.72W; P = 0.001), independent of other covariates. The mean BASDAI total score was 0.31 points lower (P = 0.31) in the training group, reaching significance for the peripheral pain subscore (1.19; P = 0.01) but not for back pain or fatigue. Conclusion Cardiovascular training, in addition to flexibility exercise, increased fitness in AS patients and reduced their peripheral pain. Copyright 2013 by the American College of Rheumatology.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/825/CN-00915825/frame.html										
A. Nieuwboer, K. Baker, A. Willems, D. Jones, J. Spildooren, I. Lim, G. Kwakkel, E. Wegen and L. Rochester	2009	The short-term effects of different cueing modalities on turn speed in people with Parkinson's disease		Neurorehabilitation and neural repair			23		8	831-6						Comparative Study; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The short-term effects of different cueing modalities on turn speed in people with Parkinson's disease								Pubmed 19491396						CN-00720255				BACKGROUND: Turning has been associated with instability, falls, and freezing in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of different modalities of rhythmic cueing on the duration of a functional turn in freezers and nonfreezers. METHODS: A total of 133 patients with idiopathic PD while in the on phase of the medication cycle participated in this study as part of a subanalysis from the RESCUE trial. The effect of 3 different cue modalities on functional turning performance was investigated, involving a 180 degrees turn while picking up a tray. Time to perform this task was measured using an activity monitor. Tests were performed without cues and with auditory, visual, and somatosensory cues delivered in a randomized order at preferred straight-line stepping frequency. RESULTS: Cueing (all types) increased the speed of the turn in all subjects. There was no difference between turn performance of freezers and nonfreezers in cued and noncued conditions. Auditory cues made turning significantly faster than visual cues (P < .01) but not compared with somatosensory cues, except in nonfreezers. There was a short-term carryover in the final noncued trial. CONCLUSIONS: Rhythmical cueing yielded faster performance of a functional turn in both freezers and nonfreezers. This may be explained by enhancing attentional mechanisms during turning. Although no harmful effects were recorded, the safety of cueing for turning as a therapeutic strategy needs further study.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/255/CN-00720255/frame.html										
C. Nieuwenhuijsen, W. M. van der Slot, A. Beelen, J. H. Arendzen, M. E. Roebroeck, H. J. Stam and R. J. van den Berg-Emons	2009	Inactive lifestyle in adults with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy		Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine (Stiftelsen Rehabiliteringsinformation)			41		5	375-381								Inactive lifestyle in adults with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy		1650-1977												2010278787. Corporate Author: Transition Research Group South West Netherlands. Language: English. Entry Date: 20090522. Revision Date: 20110520. Publication Type: journal article				OBJECTIVE: To quantify the level of everyday physical activity in adults with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy, and to study associations with personal and cerebral palsy-related characteristics. Participants and methods: Fifty-six adults with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (mean age 36.4 (standard deviation (SD) 5.8) years, 62% male) participated in the study. Approximately 75% had high gross motor functioning. Level of everyday physical activity was measured with an accelerometry-based Activity Monitor and was characterized by: (i) duration of dynamic activities (composite measure, percentage of 24 h); (ii) intensity of activity (motility, in gravitational acceleration (g)); and (iii) number of periods of continuous dynamic activity. Outcomes in adults with cerebral palsy were compared with those for able-bodied age-mates. RESULTS: Duration of dynamic activities was 8.1 (SD 3.7) % (116 min per day), and intensity of activity was 0.020 (SD 0.007) g; both outcomes were significantly lower compared with able-bodied age-mates. Of adults with cerebral palsy, 39% had at least one period of continuous dynamic activities lasting longer than 10 min per day. Gross motor functioning was significantly associated with level of everyday physical activity (Rs -0.34 to -0.48; p </= 0.01). CONCLUSION: Adults with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy, especially those with low-level gross motor functioning, are at risk for an inactive lifestyle.	research. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Continental Europe; Europe; Peer Reviewed. Special Interest: Physical Therapy. No. of Refs: 40 ref. NLM UID: 101088169.
PMID: 19363572		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2010278787&site=ehost-live		Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, NL-3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands. c.nieuwenhuijsen@erasmusmc.nl						rzh	EBSCOhost	
C. Nieuwenhuijsen, W. M. van der Slot, A. Beelen, J. H. Arendzen, M. E. Roebroeck, H. J. Stam, R. J. van den Berg-Emons and N. Transition Research Group South West	2009	Inactive lifestyle in adults with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy		Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine			41		5	375-81					Apr	Comparative Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Inactive lifestyle in adults with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy	J Rehabil Med	1651-2081												19363572				OBJECTIVE: To quantify the level of everyday physical activity in adults with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy, and to study associations with personal and cerebral palsy-related characteristics. Participants and methods: Fifty-six adults with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (mean age 36.4 (standard deviation (SD) 5.8) years, 62% male) participated in the study. Approximately 75% had high gross motor functioning. Level of everyday physical activity was measured with an accelerometry-based Activity Monitor and was characterized by: (i) duration of dynamic activities (composite measure, percentage of 24 h); (ii) intensity of activity (motility, in gravitational acceleration (g)); and (iii) number of periods of continuous dynamic activity. Outcomes in adults with cerebral palsy were compared with those for able-bodied age-mates.
RESULTS: Duration of dynamic activities was 8.1 (SD 3.7) % (116 min per day), and intensity of activity was 0.020 (SD 0.007) g; both outcomes were significantly lower compared with able-bodied age-mates. Of adults with cerebral palsy, 39% had at least one period of continuous dynamic activities lasting longer than 10 min per day. Gross motor functioning was significantly associated with level of everyday physical activity (Rs -0.34 to -0.48; p </= 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Adults with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy, especially those with low-level gross motor functioning, are at risk for an inactive lifestyle.	Nieuwenhuijsen, Channah
van der Slot, Wilma M A
Beelen, Anita
Arendzen, J Hans
Roebroeck, Marij E
Stam, Henk J
van den Berg-Emons, Rita J G
Transition Research Group South West Netherlands
Janssen WG
Bergen MP
Spijkerman D
Pangalila RF
Nieuwstraten W
Terburg M
vd Heijden-Maessen H
Buijs HJ
Ras B
Voogt T
Janssens PJ
Pesch J
Dallmeijer AJ
Wensink-Boonstra A		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19363572http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19363572&id=doi:10.2340%2F16501977-0340&issn=1650-1977&volume=41&issue=5&spage=375&pages=375-81&date=2009&title=Journal+of+Rehabilitation+Medicine&atitle=Inactive+lifestyle+in+adults+with+bilateral+spastic+cerebral+palsy.&aulast=Nieuwenhuijsen&pid=%3Cauthor%3ENieuwenhuijsen+C%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19363572%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, NL-3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands. c.nieuwenhuijsen@erasmusmc.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

A. J. Nigl, B. MacSheain and G. Murphy	1981	Effectiveness of electromyograph biofeedback training with an acute schizophrenic population		Journal of psychiatric treatment and evaluation			3		5	475-9								Effectiveness of electromyograph biofeedback training with an acute schizophrenic population														CN-00182331				In order to determine the effectiveness of biofeedback treatment with a severely disturbed population, 20 patients with a diagnosis of acute schizophrenia were randomly placed in one of two groups; EMG biofeedback or attention placebo. The EMG group received six biofeedback training sessions involving EMG feedback from the extensor and frontalis muscles. The attention placebo group only received taped instrumental music as a stimulus; neither feedback nor relaxation training was employed with this age group. However, their extensor and frontalis muscle activity was monitored by the experimenter in the same way as it was for the experimental group. Following the treatment sessions, the EMG group was found to have significantly lower extensor activity than the attention placebo control group. However, these groups did not differ significantly with respect to frontalis activity. In addition the EMG group demonstrated significant improvement in psychometric scores however the control group did not reduce their scores significantly.These results generally support the findings of a previous study and indicate that EMG biofeedback may have some value as an adjunct treatment. However, caution should always be exercised in the application of biofeedback techniques with severely disturbed psychiatric patients. The possibility of patients developing psychotic delusions or other severe reactions must always be taken into consideration. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B. V., Amsterdam. All Rights Reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/331/CN-00182331/frame.html										
J. Nijs, K. Zwinnen, R. Meeusen, B. Geus and K. Meirleir	2007	Comparison of two exercise testing protocols in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome		Journal of rehabilitation research and development			44		4	553-9						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Comparison of two exercise testing protocols in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome								Pubmed 18247252						CN-00681332				This study examined whether a linear exercise stress-testing protocol generated different peak exercise performance variables than a stepwise exercise testing protocol in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). We conducted a comparative study with patients randomly allocated to one of two exercise testing protocols. Twenty-eight women with CFS completed two self-reported measures (the CFS Symptom List and the CFS Activities and Participation Questionnaire) and then performed until exhaustion either the linear or the stepwise exercise testing protocol with continuous monitoring of physiological variables (heart rate and oxygen uptake). At baseline, we found no significant differences in demographic features and health status between groups (p > 0.05). Based on ratio peak workload/peak oxygen uptake, mechanical efficiency was lower among the subjects performing the stepwise protocol (p = 0.002). When we analyzed the mean linear regression slope values between oxygen uptake and workload from each subject's minute-by-minute exercise data points, we found that mechanical efficiency was lower among the subjects performing the stepwise protocol (p = 0.039). Apart from mechanical efficiency, we found no differences in exercise performance data between groups (p > 0.05). Our results suggest that the difference between linear and stepwise exercise protocols cannot account for all discrepancies of previous studies on exercise performance data in women with CFS, but they do suggest that the nature of the exercise testing protocol influences mechanical efficiency in these patients. Further study is warranted.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/332/CN-00681332/frame.html										
I. Nikitin and V. Kurilovich	1992	[Antianginal activity of cardil and cordafen in patients with non-Q wave myocardial infarction]		Kardiologiia			32		11-12	33-5						Clinical Trial; English Abstract; Randomized Controlled Trial		[Antianginal activity of cardil and cordafen in patients with non-Q wave myocardial infarction]								Pubmed 1297876						CN-00092150				The antianginal activity of Cardil, 240-360 mg/day, and Cordafen, 30-60 mg/day, was evaluated in 74 patients with non-Q wave acute myocardial infarction. Repeated 24-hour ECG monitoring was used as an objective tool for the evaluation of their therapeutical efficiency in two randomized groups. Unlike Cordafen, Cardil significantly reduced the average heart rate from 4.7 to 1.5 and the average duration from 20.5 to 11.5 min and the average total duration of myocardial ischemic episodes from 95.1 min/day to 16.7 min/day. Both Cardil and Cordafen considerably reduced the total duration of painful ischemic attacks, but only did Cardil reduce silent episodes (p < 0.001). Both Cardil and Cordafen substantially reduced resting ischemia, but Cardil also decreased the rate of exercise-induced ischemic episodes (p < 0.05).			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/150/CN-00092150/frame.html										
M. Nimwegen, A. Speelman, S. Overeem, B. Warrenburg, K. Smulders, M. Dontje, G. Borm, F. Backx, B. Bloem and M. Munneke	2013	Promotion of physical activity and fitness in sedentary patients with Parkinson's disease: randomised controlled trial		BMJ (Clinical research ed.)			346			f576						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Promotion of physical activity and fitness in sedentary patients with Parkinson's disease: randomised controlled trial								Pubmed 23457213						CN-00864128				OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether a multifaceted behavioural change programme increases physical activities in patients with Parkinson's disease. DESIGN: Multicentre randomised controlled trial. SETTING: 32 community hospitals in the Netherlands, collaborating in a nationwide network (ParkinsonNet). PARTICIPANTS: 586 sedentary patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease aged between 40 and 75 years with mild to moderate disease severity (Hoehn and Yahr stage ? 3). INTERVENTION: Patients were randomly assigned to the ParkFit programme or a matched general physiotherapy intervention. ParkFit is a multifaceted behavioural change programme, designed specifically to achieve an enduring increase in the level of physical activity (coaches using motivational strategies; ambulatory feedback). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint was the level of physical activity, measured every six months with a standardised seven day recall (LASA physical activity questionnaire-LAPAQ). Secondary endpoints included two other measures of physical activity (activity diary and ambulatory activity monitor), quality of life (Parkinson's disease questionnaire-PDQ-39), and fitness (six minute walk test). RESULTS: 540 (92.2%) patients completed the primary outcome. During follow-up, overall time spent on physical activities (LAPAQ) was comparable between the groups (adjusted group difference 7%, 95% confidence interval -3 to 17%; P=0.19). Analyses of three secondary outcomes indicated increased physical activity in ParkFit patients, as suggested by the activity diary (difference 30%; P<0.001), the activity monitor (difference 12%; P<0.001), and the six minute walk test (difference 4.8 m; P=0.05). PDQ-39 did not differ between ParkFit patients and controls (difference -0.9 points; P=0.14). The number of fallers was comparable between ParkFit patients (184/299; 62%) and controls (191/287; 67%). CONCLUSIONS: The ParkFit behavioural change programme did not increase overall physical activity, as measured with the LAPAQ. The analysis of the secondary endpoints justifies further work into the possible merits of behavioural change programmes to increase physical activities in daily life in Parkinson's disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical trials NCT00748488.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/128/CN-00864128/frame.html										
Y. Nishijima, T. Ikeda, M. Takamatsu, Y. Kiso, H. Shibata, T. Fushiki and T. Moritani	2002	Influence of caffeine ingestion on autonomic nervous activity during endurance exercise in humans		European journal of applied physiology			87		6	475-80						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Influence of caffeine ingestion on autonomic nervous activity during endurance exercise in humans								Pubmed 12355185						CN-00446967				The effects of caffeine ingestion on the activities of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) during endurance exercise at low intensity were investigated using a power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability. Placebo or caffeine (300 mg) capsules were randomly administered to the subjects. Each subject ingested the samples 2 h before cycling on an ergometer for 30 min at an intensity corresponding to 40%-50% of his ventilatory threshold. The electrocardiogram, blood pressure (BP) and gas exchange parameters were monitored during rest and exercise. The results indicated that there were no significant differences in heart rate and systolic blood pressure between the trials. The spectrum integrated values of the low frequency power and total power components in the caffeine trial were significantly greater than in the placebo trial during exercise, which implied that activities of the ANS were augmented by caffeine. Caffeine also induced enhanced lipid oxidation as shown by the significantly lower respiratory gas exchange ratio and increases in diastolic blood pressure during exercise. The results shed some light upon the relationship between the activity of the ANS, energy metabolism and BP. In conclusion, the results suggest that caffeinated beverages have a potential to be useful supplements to the prescription of exercise for individuals who experience a depressed activity of the ANS. The results also suggest that the experiment protocol used in this study is a sensitive and noninvasive method for evaluating the effects of various foods and nutrients on the activity of the ANS.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/967/CN-00446967/frame.html										
T. Nishiyama, H. Nakayama and K. Hanaoka	1999	Sevoflurane or thiopental-isoflurane for induction and laryngeal mask insertion? Comparison by side effects, hemodynamics, and spectral analysis of heart rate variability		Anesthesia and Resuscitation			35		2	99-103						Journal: Article		Sevoflurane or thiopental-isoflurane for induction and laryngeal mask insertion? Comparison by side effects, hemodynamics, and spectral analysis of heart rate variability														CN-00423398				Laryngeal mask is widely used in ambulatory anesthesia with short duration. Inhalation anesthetics have a benefit of short duration of action. The aim of this study was to compare sevoflurane induction with thiopental- isoflurane induction for laryngeal mask insertion in terms of hemodynamics, autonomic stability, and side effects. Eighty female patients (35 to 55 years old, ASA physical status I) undergoing elective modified mastectomy were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups for anesthesia induction. After premedication of intramuscular 5 mg midazolam with 0.5 atropine, anesthesia was induced by gradually increasing concentrations of sevoflurane up to 5% (sevoflurane group) or thiopental 2 mg/kg intravenous injection followed by isoflurane up to 3.5% (isoflurane group) in 3 L/min nitrous oxide and 3 L/min oxygen. Seven minutes after the start of induction, the laryngeal mask was inserted. Blood pressure, heart rate and its variability were monitored. Side effects (cough, body movement and difficult insertion) were also compared between the two groups. The changes in blood pressure and heart rate were bigger in the isoflurane group than in the sevoflurane group. In heart rate variability, the high frequency component (HF, parasympathetic activity) significantly decreased while the ratio of low frequency component to HF (LF/HF; sympathetic activity) transiently increased in the isoflurane group before laryngeal mask insertion. The sevoflurane group showed a transient increase in the HF without any changes in LF/HF. Numbers of patients with side effects (cough, body movement and difficult insertion) were significantly larger in the isoflurane group than in the sevoflurane group. In conclusion, sevoflurane was better than thiopental followed by isoflurane for the induction for laryngeal mask insertion in terms of hemodynamics, autonomic nervous activity and side effects.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/398/CN-00423398/frame.html										
C. F. J. Nooijen, S. de Groot, K. Postma, M. P. Bergen, H. J. Stam, J. B. J. Bussmann and R. J. van den Berg-Emons	2012	A more active lifestyle in persons with a recent spinal cord injury benefits physical fitness and health		Spinal Cord			50		4	320-323								A more active lifestyle in persons with a recent spinal cord injury benefits physical fitness and health		1362-4393												2011507603. Language: English. Entry Date: 20120511. Revision Date: 20140509. Publication Type: journal article				Study design:A prospective cohort study.Objectives:To study the longitudinal relationship between objectively measured everyday physical activity level, and physical fitness and lipid profile in persons with a recent spinal cord injury (SCI).Setting:A rehabilitation centre in the Netherlands and the participant's home environment.Methods:Data of 30 persons with a recent SCI were collected at the start of active rehabilitation, 3 months later, at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation, and 1 year after discharge. Physical activity level (duration of dynamic activities as % of 24 h) was measured with an accelerometry-based activity monitor. Regarding physical fitness, peak oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2</sub>peak) and peak power output (POpeak) were determined with a maximal wheelchair exercise test, and upper extremity muscle strength was measured with a handheld dynamometer. Fasting blood samples were taken to determine the lipid profile.Results:An increase in physical activity level was significantly related to an increase in VO<sub>2</sub>peak and POpeak, and an increase in physical activity level favourably affected the lipid profile. A nonsignificant relation was found with muscle strength.Conclusion:Everyday physical activity seems to have an important role in the fitness and health of persons with a recent SCI. An increase in physical activity level was associated with an increase in physical fitness and with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease.	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Online/Print; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. Special Interest: Physical Therapy. NLM UID: 9609749.
PMID: 22143679		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2011507603&site=ehost-live		Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Therapy, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
1] Duyvensz-Nagel Research Laboratory, Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands [2] Centre for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
1] Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Therapy, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Rijndam Rehabilitation Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Rijndam Rehabilitation Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands						rzh	EBSCOhost	
C. F. Nooijen, S. de Groot, K. Postma, M. P. Bergen, H. J. Stam, J. B. Bussmann and R. J. van den Berg-Emons	2012	A more active lifestyle in persons with a recent spinal cord injury benefits physical fitness and health		Spinal Cord			50		4	320-3					Apr			A more active lifestyle in persons with a recent spinal cord injury benefits physical fitness and health	Spinal Cord	1476-5624												22143679				STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cohort study.
OBJECTIVES: To study the longitudinal relationship between objectively measured everyday physical activity level, and physical fitness and lipid profile in persons with a recent spinal cord injury (SCI).
SETTING: A rehabilitation centre in the Netherlands and the participant's home environment.
METHODS: Data of 30 persons with a recent SCI were collected at the start of active rehabilitation, 3 months later, at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation, and 1 year after discharge. Physical activity level (duration of dynamic activities as % of 24 h) was measured with an accelerometry-based activity monitor. Regarding physical fitness, peak oxygen uptake (VO(2)peak) and peak power output (POpeak) were determined with a maximal wheelchair exercise test, and upper extremity muscle strength was measured with a handheld dynamometer. Fasting blood samples were taken to determine the lipid profile.
RESULTS: An increase in physical activity level was significantly related to an increase in VO(2)peak and POpeak, and an increase in physical activity level favourably affected the lipid profile. A nonsignificant relation was found with muscle strength.
CONCLUSION: Everyday physical activity seems to have an important role in the fitness and health of persons with a recent SCI. An increase in physical activity level was associated with an increase in physical fitness and with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease.	Nooijen, C F J
de Groot, S
Postma, K
Bergen, M P
Stam, H J
Bussmann, J B J
van den Berg-Emons, R J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22143679http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22143679&id=doi:10.1038%2Fsc.2011.152&issn=1362-4393&volume=50&issue=4&spage=320&pages=320-3&date=2012&title=Spinal+Cord&atitle=A+more+active+lifestyle+in+persons+with+a+recent+spinal+cord+injury+benefits+physical+fitness+and+health.&aulast=Nooijen&pid=%3Cauthor%3ENooijen+CF%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22143679%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Therapy, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. c.nooijen@erasmusmc.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. F. Nooijen, J. Slaman, H. J. Stam, M. E. Roebroeck, R. J. Berg-Emons and G. Learn2Move Research	2014	Inactive and sedentary lifestyles amongst ambulatory adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy		Journal of Neuroengineering & Rehabilitation			11		1	49						Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Inactive and sedentary lifestyles amongst ambulatory adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy	J Neuroengineering Rehabil	1743-0003					PMC4002542							24708559				BACKGROUND: To assess physical behaviour, including physical activity and sedentary behaviour, of ambulatory adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy (CP). We compared participant physical behaviour to that of able-bodied persons and assessed differences related to Gross Motor Functioning Classification System (GMFCS) level and CP distribution (unilateral/bilateral).
METHODS: In 48 ambulatory persons aged 16 to 24 years with spastic CP and in 32 able-bodied controls, physical behaviour was objectively determined with an accelerometer-based activity monitor. Total duration, intensity and type of physical activity were assessed and sedentary time was determined (lying and sitting). Furthermore, distribution of walking bouts and sitting bouts was specified.
RESULTS: Adolescents and young adults with CP spent 8.6% of 24 hours physically active and 79.5% sedentary, corresponding with respectively 123 minutes and 1147 minutes per 24 hours. Compared to able-bodied controls, persons with CP participated 48 minutes less in physical activities (p<0.01) and spent 80 minutes more sedentary per 24 hours (p<0.01). Physical behaviour was not different between persons with GMFCS level I and II and only number of short sitting bouts were significantly more prevalent in persons with bilateral CP compared to unilateral CP (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Ambulatory adolescents and young adults with CP are less physically active and spend more time sedentary compared to able-bodied persons, suggesting that this group may be at increased risk for health problems related to less favourable physical behaviour.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: Nederlands trial register: NTR1785.	Nooijen, Carla Fj
Slaman, Jorrit
Stam, Henk J
Roebroeck, Marij E
Berg-Emons, Rita J van den
Learn2Move Research Group		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=24708559http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+In-Process+%26+Other+Non-Indexed+Citations+%3CJune+06%2C+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:24708559&id=doi:10.1186%2F1743-0003-11-49&issn=1743-0003&volume=11&issue=1&spage=49&pages=49&date=2014&title=Journal+of+Neuroengineering+%26+Rehabilitation&atitle=Inactive+and+sedentary+lifestyles+amongst+ambulatory+adolescents+and+young+adults+with+cerebral+palsy.&aulast=Nooijen&pid=%3Cauthor%3ENooijen+CF%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E24708559%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Research lines MoveFit & Transition and Lifespan Research, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, P,O, Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands. c.nooijen@erasmusmc.nl.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. Norman, B. Pozehl, K. Duncan, M. Hertzog, A. Elokda and S. Krueger	2009	Relationship of resting B-type natriuretic peptide level to cardiac work and total physical work capacity in heart failure patients		Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and prevention			29		5	310-3						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Relationship of resting B-type natriuretic peptide level to cardiac work and total physical work capacity in heart failure patients								Pubmed 19561522						CN-00727935				PURPOSE: Plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels obtained at rest have been previously shown to be correlated with the global functional capacity measures of peak oxygen uptake (V(O(2peak))) and the minute ventilation/carbon dioxide (VE/V(O(2))) slope. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of the plasma BNP level to the rate-pressure product (RPP) as an indicator of central or cardiac work capacity. METHODS: Twenty-two subjects (12 men), mean age 57 +/- 12 years, diagnosed with heart failure (8 ischemic/14 nonischemic) were recruited. All subjects were stable on optimal medical therapy for at least 1 month. Blood samples for BNP level analysis were obtained at rest. Subjects underwent a symptom-limited treadmill exercise test using a ramping protocol while V(O(2)), heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP) were monitored. Correlation analyses were conducted to assess the relationship of BNP level to RPP level, V(O(2peak), VE/V(O(2)) slope, end-tidal CO(2) pressure (P(ET)CO(2)), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). RESULTS: Resting BNP levels were significantly correlated with RPP levels (r = -0.69). The BNP level and the RPP level were correlated with V(O(2peak)) (r = -0.63 and r = 0.66, respectively) and VE/V(O(2)) slope (r = 0.53 and r = -0.54, respectively). The RPP level but not the BNP level was correlated with P(ET)CO(2) (r = 0.57). Neither BNP nor RPP levels were well correlated with LVEF (r = -0.26 and r = 0.14, respectively). DISCUSSION: The results of this study suggest that resting plasma BNP level may be a useful clinical measure for evaluating both global functional capacity and myocardial specific work capacity in individuals with heart failure.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/935/CN-00727935/frame.html										
L. Norton, K. Norton, N. Lewis and J. Dollman	2011	A comparison of two short-term intensive physical activity interventions: methodological considerations		International journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity			8			133						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		A comparison of two short-term intensive physical activity interventions: methodological considerations								Pubmed 22136578						CN-00860487				BACKGROUND: Increases in chronic illness due to sedentary lifestyles and poor metabolic fitness have led to numerous intervention strategies to promote physical activity (PA). This paper describes the methodological strategies of two short-term PA interventions. Outcome measures reported are PA adherence and compliance rates during the intervention and at 3, 6 and 12-month follow-up. METHODS: The 40-day interventions were: a pedometer-based walking program (n = 251) and a group-based intensive program (n = 148). There was also an active control group (n = 135). Intervention subjects were prescribed PA each day and required to record all activity sessions (pedometer steps or energy expenditure from heart rate monitors). RESULTS: Compliance (? 150 min/wk PA) was highest post-intervention (81.1% and 64.5% for the group and pedometer subjects, respectively) and then progressively decreased across the 12-month follow-up period (final compliance rates were 53.5% and 46.6%, respectively) although they remained significantly higher than pre-intervention rates (zero %). There was significantly higher adherence to 6 months (75.0% and 64.9%), and compliance to 3 months (64.9% and 51.0%), for group versus pedometer subjects. The active control group maintained the highest adherence and compliance rates across the study. CONCLUSIONS: The group-based program resulted in higher adherence and compliance rates post-intervention although both types of interventions showed long-term effectiveness to increase activity patterns.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/487/CN-00860487/frame.html										
R. Noseir, D. Ficke, A. Kundu, S. Arain and T. Ebert	2003	Sympathetic and vascular consequences from remifentanil in humans		Anesthesia and analgesia			96		6	1645-50, table of contents						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Sympathetic and vascular consequences from remifentanil in humans								Pubmed 12760989						CN-00437644				UNLABELLED: We explored the possible mechanisms of hypotension during the administration of sedation-analgesia doses of remifentanil in young (ASA physical status I) volunteers (n = 24). Cardiorespiratory and sympathetic variables were collected at baseline and at plasma concentrations of remifentanil (2 and 4 ng/mL). Monitoring included electrocardiogram, heart rate (HR), direct blood pressure, muscle sympathetic nerve activity, and forearm blood flow (FBF). A cold pressor test (1-min hand immersion in ice water) quantified analgesia effectiveness (visual analog scale, 0-100). Visual analog scale to the cold pressor test (62 at baseline) decreased to 27 and 18 during remifentanil infusions. Respiratory rate decreased and end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO(2)) increased with increasing doses of remifentanil; HR, direct blood pressure, muscle sympathetic nerve activity, SpO(2) remained unchanged, but FBF increased compared with placebo. In a second study (n = 7), timed respiration was used to maintain ETCO(2) during remifentanil, but FBF still increased. In a third study (n = 11), direct effects of remifentanil on vascular tone were determined with progressive infusions from 1 to 100 micro g/h into the brachial artery; FBF increased significantly from 3.5 to 4.3 mL/min per 100 mL of tissue (approximately 13%-18% increase). Sedative doses of remifentanil resulted in analgesia but no changes in neurocirculatory end-points except FBF. Direct effects of remifentanil on regional vascular tone may play a role in promoting hypotension. IMPLICATIONS: Remifentanil occasionally has been associated with hypotension, the mechanism of which is unclear. This study found that remifentanil directly causes the forearm arterial vasculature to dilate.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/644/CN-00437644/frame.html										
S. Novo, E. Nardi, G. Alaimo, G. Centineo, G. Licata and A. Strano	1987	An evaluation of the effects of isosorbide 5-mononitrate in patients with angina on effort using dynamic electrocardiography and echocardiography		Cardiology			74 Suppl 1			20-8						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		An evaluation of the effects of isosorbide 5-mononitrate in patients with angina on effort using dynamic electrocardiography and echocardiography								Pubmed 3300974						CN-00049042				We studied 14 patients, 9 males and 5 females, with an average age of 53.6 +/- 9.2 years, having been suffering from effort angina for over 6 months, with positive ergometer test for angina and ST-segment depression greater than 1 mm. All the patients performed a washout period of 7 days at the end of which, before and after acute administration (90 min) of isosorbide 5-mononitrate or placebo some echocardiographic parameters were controlled according to a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. Moreover, after 2 months of open treatment with isosorbide 5-mononitrate (20 mg three times daily), echocardiographic parameters were investigated again. Continuous ECG monitoring (24 h) was performed after the washout period and after 2 months of treatment. After acute administration of isosorbide 5-mononitrate, we observed a reduction in pre- and afterload, whereas after 2 months of treatment the reduction in preload seems to play a more important role. Together with other mechanisms these haemodynamic changes are responsible for the substantial diminution of myocardial oxygen consumption, and consequently for the reduction of transient ischaemic episodes, both symptomatic and asymptomatic with heart rate increase. These results suggest that isosorbide 5-mononitrate exhibits a definite nitrate-typical vascular activity that is evident both after single administration and after 2 months of treatment.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/042/CN-00049042/frame.html										
R. Nunes, S. Cavalcante, R. Ibiapina and K. Lopes	2000	Bispectral analysis of time to emergence and evaluation of psychomotricity and consciousness recovery in anesthesia with desflurane or sevoflurane. [Portuguese]		Revista brasileira de anestesiologia			50		3	202-6						Journal: Article		Bispectral analysis of time to emergence and evaluation of psychomotricity and consciousness recovery in anesthesia with desflurane or sevoflurane. [Portuguese]														CN-00424023				Background and Objectives - Desflurane and sevoflurane are used for outpatient surgeries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the recovery of cognitive functions, psychomotricity and time to hospital discharge in patients anesthetized with desflurane or sevoflurane. Methods - Participated in this study 30 female patients, physical status ASA 1, aged 21 to 41 years, undergoing cosmetic mammaplasty, who were randomly distributed in two groups: Group I (n=15) received 30 mug.kg<sup>-1</sup> intravenous alfentanil and propofol titrated according to BIS and anesthesia was maintained with desflurane associated to 60% nitrous oxide in O<sub>2</sub>. Group II (n=15) was similarly technique with sevoflurane. All patients were monitored through: BP, HR, BIS, 95% SEF, rSO<sub>2</sub>, ECG, P(ET)CO<sub>2</sub>, SpO<sub>2</sub> and gas analysis. Evaluation for all patients included psychomotricity with Trieger's test; cognitive functions through the digit replacement test; time to emergence, triple orientation test and time to hospital discharge. Results - There have been significant differences in emergence times (G I = 8.13 + 0.37 min and G II = 11.21 + 0.97 min) (p < 0.05). In the triple orientation test, values for G I and G II were 10.26 + 0.79 min and 13.4 + 0.82 min (p < 0. 05), respectively. In Trieger's test, the number of errors up to 30 minutes after extubation was lower in G I as compared to G II (p < 0.05). The percentage of successes in the digit replacement test was higher in G I up to 30 minutes after extubation (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between groups in time to hospital discharge (p > 0.05). Conclusions - Although implying longer emergence times as well as longer recovery times for psychomotricity and cognitive functions, sevoflurane is also a good choice, since differences were not clinically significant. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in time to hospital discharge showing that sevoflurane is an excellent alternative to desflurane for outpatient surgeries, even for longer procedures.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/023/CN-00424023/frame.html										
A. O'Farrell, A. Vliet, F. K. Abou, J. Cherrington, D. Campbell, X. Li, D. Hanway, J. Li and H. Guler	2007	Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessments of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor PHX1149: double-blind, placebo-controlled, single- and multiple-dose studies in healthy subjects		Clinical therapeutics			29		8	1692-705						Randomized Controlled Trial		Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessments of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor PHX1149: double-blind, placebo-controlled, single- and multiple-dose studies in healthy subjects								Pubmed 17919550						CN-00619944				BACKGROUND: PHX1149 is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor that is currently in clinical development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. PHX1149 is a small (molecular weight = 241.16 Da), highly water-soluble (>2 g/mL), orally active molecule with a selectivity index of 15- to 319-fold relative to those of other members of the DPP family. The biochemical median inhibitory concentration of DPP4 is 2.5 nmol/L. OBJECTIVE: The aim of these 2 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studies was to examine the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties and tolerability of single and multiple ascending doses of PHX1149 in healthy human subjects. METHODS: Healthy men and women aged 18 to 60 years were recruited to participate in a single- or a multiple-dose study in which sequential dose escalation paradigm was used. In the single-dose study, subjects were given a single oral dose of PHX1149 50 to 500 mg or placebo; in the multiple-dose study, subjects were given PHX1149 at doses from 50 to 400 mg or placebo QD for 13 days. There was no intrasubject dose escalation. Blood samples were collected from each subject at a series of time points ranging from 1 hour before to 24 hours after dosing on day 1 in the single- dose study and on days 1, 7, and 13 in the multiple-dose study. PK and PD analyses were performed in plasma samples to determine Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-t, AUC0-infinity, and DPP4 enzymatic activity. The drug accumulation index was also calculated for each dose of PHX1149 in the multiple-dose study. Adverse events (AEs) were monitored in both studies through physical examinations, including measurement of vital signs, and clinical laboratory testing. In both studies, electrocardiography was performed. RESULTS: The single- and multiple-dose studies enrolled 30 and 28 subjects, respectively, for a total enrollment in the 2 studies of 58 healthy adult subjects. The distribution of male and female subjects was 14 (47%) and 16 (53%), respectively, in the single- dose study and 16 (57%) and 12 (43%) in the multiple- dose study. In the single-dose study, 28 (93%) subjects were white; in the multidose study, all subjects were white. The mean (SD) ages in the 2 studies were 51 (10) and 51 (12) years, respectively; and mean (SD) body weights were 89.0 (10.8) and 81.1 (10.9) kg, respectively. PHX1149 exhibited dose-proportional increases in mean Cmax AUC0-t, and AUC0-infinity across the evaluated dose ranges. Tmax ranged from 2 to 4 hours, and t1/2 ranged from approximately 10 to 13 hours. No drug accumulation was observed. Plasma DPP4 inhibition at 24 hours was >or=50% in the multiple-dose study for doses of >or=100 mg. PHX1149 400 mg achieved approximately 90% 24-hour plasma DPP4 inhibition in the multiple-dose study. All AEs were characterized as mild, with the exception of 1 case of moderate edema, which occurred 17 days after the end of dosing in the multiple-dose study (50-mg dose group) and was considered unrelated to the study drug. Adverse events were experienced by 47% of all subjects studied in the single-dose study and 93% of subjects in the multiple-dose study. The rates of AEs were comparable between the study and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS: The PK parameters and PD properties of PHX1149 were suitable (eg, tl/2, DPP4 inhibition) for once-daily dosing in this group of 58 healthy subjects. All doses were well tolerated.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/944/CN-00619944/frame.html										
J. C. O'Shea and M. B. Murphy	2000	Nocturnal blood pressure dipping: a consequence of diurnal physical activity blipping?		American Journal of Hypertension			13		6 Pt 1	601-6					Jun	Comparative Study		Nocturnal blood pressure dipping: a consequence of diurnal physical activity blipping?	Am J Hypertens	0895-7061												10912741				This study was designed to describe the interaction between physical activity (PA), quantified objectively by electronic activity monitors, and ambulatory blood pressure (ABP), and to test the hypothesis that modifying daily PA can effect significant changes in the diurnal variation in blood pressure and may result in altered dipping/nondipping status of an individual. Initially, 70 individuals underwent simultaneous ABP and electronic activity monitoring (actigraph devices manufactured by Gaewihler Electronics, Switzerland) over a 24-h period. Then, in a prospective study, the dipping/nondipping status of 43 subjects was assessed using ABP recorded over two 24-h periods of differing activity levels. Of the 70 subjects (age 49 +/- 11 years, 42 male) the diurnal variation in systolic blood pressure (20 +/- 12%, step-up from night [120 +/- 12 mm Hg] to day [144 +/- 13 mm Hg]) and diurnal variation in PA score (increment from sleep, 44 +/- 17 units) correlated significantly (R2 = 0.29; P < .05). Of the 43 subjects who underwent ABP monitoring on a more active day, four had a nondipping BP profile; 12 of these same 43 subjects had a nondipping BP profile when monitored on a less active day (chi2 = 4.9; P < .05). These results provide a quantitative description of the contribution of PA, including the sleep/awake status, to blood pressure variation in a group of normotensive and hypertensive individuals. The magnitude of this effect underscores the importance of interpreting 24-h ABP data only in the presence of adequately quantified activity data.	O'Shea, J C
Murphy, M B		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10912741http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:10912741&id=doi:&issn=0895-7061&volume=13&issue=6&spage=601&pages=601-6&date=2000&title=American+Journal+of+Hypertension&atitle=Nocturnal+blood+pressure+dipping%3A+a+consequence+of+diurnal+physical+activity+blipping%3F.&aulast=O%27Shea&pid=%3Cauthor%3EO%27Shea+JC%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E10912741%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College and Mercy Hospital, Cork, Ireland. oshea002@mc.duke.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

E. Occhetta, M. Bortnik, G. Francalacci, G. Sarasso, C. Piccinino, M. Pistono, B. Marenna, P. Paffoni, M. Sacchetti, E. Inglese and G. Trevi	1998	[Dual-chamber DDD pacing in NYHA III-IV functional class dilated cardiomyopathy: short and middle-term evaluation]		Cardiologia (Rome, Italy)			43		12	1327-35						Clinical Trial; English Abstract; Randomized Controlled Trial		[Dual-chamber DDD pacing in NYHA III-IV functional class dilated cardiomyopathy: short and middle-term evaluation]								Pubmed 9988941						CN-00159846				Effectiveness of dual-chamber pacing in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy is still controversial. Our study was performed: to select the most favorable individual atrioventricular (AV) delay; to compare hemodynamic short-term effects in each patient after 2 periods of DDD pacing and sinus rhythm (AV spontaneous); to assess hemodynamic long-term (1 year) effects after DDD pacing at optimum AV delay. In 1996, 9 patients (7 men, 2 women; mean age 69 +/- 5 years) with dilated cardiomyopathy (5 idiopathic, 4 ischemic), NYHA functional class III-IV, ejection fraction < 30%, end-diastolic volume > 60 ml/m2, mitral regurgitation +2/+3, PR interval > or = 200 ms, were enrolled. All patients were implanted with DDD pacemakers and monitored for: ejection fraction and end-diastolic volume (measured by echocardiography and radionuclide angiography); clinical conditions; exercise tolerance and maximum oxygen consumption (by Weber exercise protocol); neurohormonal activity (plasma renin, aldosterone, atrial natriuretic factor). Data were recorded: before DDD implantation; after 2 randomized, single-blind periods of 3 months in VVI mode (at ventricular "sentinel" rate of 50 b/min) and in DDD mode with the optimum AV delay, corresponding for each patient to the minimum end-diastolic volume measured by radionuclide angiography and to the highest cardiac output recorded by echocardiography; after 6 months of DDD pacing with most favorable AV delay. Three more patients died 6 months after (between sixth and twelfth month of follow-up), due to refractory heart failure; 1 patient dropped out because his pacemaker was programmed in VVI mode at low rate, due to intolerance of DDD pacing. Among the other 4 patients no clinical and laboratory parameters were significantly different after 1 year of follow-up. In conclusion, DDD pacing in selected patients with dilated cardiomyopathy showed disappointing results, despite a strict and laboratory monitoring; DDD pacing could be of major benefit in larger populations, according to Doppler mitral flow pattern: those patients with a larger A-wave amplitude could be more sensitive to DDD pacing than those with evidence of poor atrial systole. Moreover, biatral and/or biventricular pacing could also play a significant role.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/846/CN-00159846/frame.html										
E. Occhetta, A. Perucca, M. Fazzari, G. Pistis, G. Baduini and G. Trevi	1997	[An intrapatient comparison of adaptation to aerobic and anaerobic exertion during 3 types of physiological cardiac stimulation in chronotropic failure of the sinus node: DDD, VVIR and DDDR]		Cardiologia (Rome, Italy)			42		1	51-7						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; English Abstract; Randomized Controlled Trial		[An intrapatient comparison of adaptation to aerobic and anaerobic exertion during 3 types of physiological cardiac stimulation in chronotropic failure of the sinus node: DDD, VVIR and DDDR]								Pubmed 9118155						CN-00137902				In sick sinus syndrome with chronotropic incompetence, dual-demand rate responsive pacing (DDDR) may be better than ventricular-inhibited rate responsive pacing (VVIR) and dual-demand pacing without rate responsive function (DDD). In order to compare exercise performance during different activity-driven pacing modes, 15 patients (9 males, 6 females; mean age 59 +/- 13 years), implanted with Synchrony 2020T pacemaker (Siemens-Pacesetter Inc, USA, activity sensor) for sick sinus syndrome, randomly performed 3 treadmill tests (modified Bruce protocol) during DDD, VVIR and DDDR pacing, with pacing heart rate, oxygen consumption (Q-Plex 5000, Quinton), work time, anaerobic threshold and human atrial natriuretic peptide level monitoring. Four patients were excluded from the data results (3 for normalization of chronotropic incompetence, 1 for angina pectoris during rate responsive pacing). Heart rate at the end of exercise was significantly higher during VVIR pacing mode (131 +/- 21 b/min) and DDDR (136 +/- 14 b/min) than during DDD pacing mode (105 +/- 21 b/min), p < 0.05. During DDDR we obtained a significantly higher work tolerance (652 +/- 161 s) and a higher oxygen uptake (22.7 +/- 7.1 ml/kg/min) than during DDD (565 +/- 106 s; 20.1 +/- 6.5 ml/kg/min) and VVIR (599 +/- 155 s; 18.8 +/- 6.5 ml/kg/min), p < 0.05. Also the work time and the oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold were better during DDDR stimulation (350 +/- 119 s; 14.2 +/- 4.9 ml/kg/min) than during DDD (280 +/- 101 s; 12.2 +/- 4.6 ml/kg/min) and VVIR pacing mode (306 +/- 122 s; 11.6 +/- 4.60 ml/kg/min), p < 0.05. On the contrary, human atrial natriuretic factor values at the maximum exercise were lower during DDD (139 +/- 100 pg/ml) than VVIR (256 +/- 182 pg/ml) and DDDR (209 +/- 195 pg/ml) pacing mode, p < 0.05. In conclusion, DDDR pacing proved to be better than VVIR and DDD in patients with sick sinus disease and chronotropic incompetence.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/902/CN-00137902/frame.html										
A. Oenema, J. Brug, A. Dijkstra, I. Weerdt and H. Vries	2008	Efficacy and use of an internet-delivered computer-tailored lifestyle intervention, targeting saturated fat intake, physical activity and smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial		Annals of behavioral medicine			35		2	125-35						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Efficacy and use of an internet-delivered computer-tailored lifestyle intervention, targeting saturated fat intake, physical activity and smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 18363076						CN-00638517				BACKGROUND: Although experts claim that computer-tailored interventions provided over the Internet have great potential to promote health behavior change, few studies have tested the efficacy of computer-tailored lifestyle interventions online-delivered over the Internet. PURPOSE: To evaluate the short-term (1 month) efficacy of an Internet-delivered, computer-tailored lifestyle intervention targeting saturated fat intake, physical activity (PA), and smoking cessation, and to evaluate exposure to the intervention. METHODS: A pretest-posttest randomized controlled trial with an intervention group and a no intervention waiting list control group was conducted. Self-reported behavior and determinants were assessed at baseline and 1 month follow-up. Exposure to the intervention was monitored through server registrations. The data were analyzed using multiple linear and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The intervention resulted in a significantly lower self-reported saturated fat intake (b = -0.76, p < 0.01) and a higher likelihood of meeting the PA guidelines among respondents who were insufficiently active at baseline (OR = 1.34, 95%CI = 1.001-1.80). No significant intervention effects were found for self-reported smoking status. Of the participants, 81% actually visited the website. CONCLUSIONS: The Internet-delivered, computer-tailored lifestyle intervention was effective in reducing self-reported saturated fat intake and in increasing self-reported PA among participants who completed the study.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/517/CN-00638517/frame.html										
Y. Ogawa, K. Iwasaki, S. Shibata, J. Kato, S. Ogawa and Y. Oi	2006	Different effects on circulatory control during volatile induction and maintenance of anesthesia and total intravenous anesthesia: autonomic nervous activity and arterial cardiac baroreflex function evaluated by blood pressure and heart rate variability analysis		Journal of clinical anesthesia			18		2	87-95						Randomized Controlled Trial		Different effects on circulatory control during volatile induction and maintenance of anesthesia and total intravenous anesthesia: autonomic nervous activity and arterial cardiac baroreflex function evaluated by blood pressure and heart rate variability analysis								Pubmed 16563324						CN-00563625				STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the different effects on autonomic circulatory control during volatile induction/maintenance of anesthesia (VIMA) vs total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Operating theater of a university hospital. PATIENTS: Twenty patients, with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of I or II, were randomly allocated into the VIMA group (n = 10) or the TIVA group (n = 10). INTERVENTIONS: In the VIMA group, anesthesia was induced with 5% sevoflurane and 60% N2O in oxygen and maintained with 2% sevoflurane and 60% N2O in oxygen. In the TIVA group, anesthesia was induced with propofol 2.0 mg/kg intravenously by bolus injection and fentanyl 2 microg/kg, and maintained with an intravenous infusion of propofol 5 mg/kg.per hour and air-oxygen mixture. MEASUREMENTS: Monitoring included recordings of electrocardiographic and arterial blood pressure waveforms. Autonomic nervous activity and arterial cardiac baroreflex function were evaluated by analysis of blood pressure variability, heart rate variability, and transfer function analysis between these 2 variables. MAIN RESULTS: In the VIMA group, the low-frequency component of blood pressure variability (LF(SBP)) and low- and high-frequency components of the R-R interval variability (LF(RR) and HF(RR)) decreased significantly during anesthesia. In the TIVA group, LF(SBP) and LF(RR) decreased significantly. The degree of reduction in LF(SBP) was greater in the VIMA group than in the TIVA group. However, changes in R-R interval variability and cardiac baroreflex indices were not significantly different between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that although reductions in autonomic nervous modulation to the heart might not be so different between the 2 groups, reduction in sympathetic nervous modulation to peripheral vasculature is greater in the VIMA group than in the TIVA group.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/625/CN-00563625/frame.html										
K. Ohkawara, Y. Oshima, Y. Hikihara, K. Ishikawa-Takata, I. Tabata and S. Tanaka	2011	Real-time estimation of daily physical activity intensity by a triaxial accelerometer and a gravity-removal classification algorithm		British journal of nutrition			105		11	1681-91						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Real-time estimation of daily physical activity intensity by a triaxial accelerometer and a gravity-removal classification algorithm								Pubmed 21262061						CN-00801870				We have recently developed a simple algorithm for the classification of household and locomotive activities using the ratio of unfiltered to filtered synthetic acceleration (gravity-removal physical activity classification algorithm, GRPACA) measured by a triaxial accelerometer. The purpose of the present study was to develop a new model for the immediate estimation of daily physical activity intensities using a triaxial accelerometer. A total of sixty-six subjects were randomly assigned into validation (n 44) and cross-validation (n 22) groups. All subjects performed fourteen activities while wearing a triaxial accelerometer in a controlled laboratory setting. During each activity, energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry, and physical activity intensities were expressed as metabolic equivalents (MET). The validation group displayed strong relationships between measured MET and filtered synthetic accelerations for household (r 0·907, P < 0·001) and locomotive (r 0·961, P < 0·001) activities. In the cross-validation group, two GRPACA-based linear regression models provided highly accurate MET estimation for household and locomotive activities. Results were similar when equations were developed by non-linear regression or sex-specific linear or non-linear regressions. Sedentary activities were also accurately estimated by the specific linear regression classified from other activity counts. Therefore, the use of a triaxial accelerometer in combination with a GRPACA permits more accurate and immediate estimation of daily physical activity intensities, compared with previously reported cut-off classification models. This method may be useful for field investigations as well as for self-monitoring by general users.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/870/CN-00801870/frame.html										
R. K. Oka, S. R. Gortner, N. A. Stotts and W. L. Haskell	1996	Predictors of physical activity in patients with chronic heart failure secondary to either ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy		American Journal of Cardiology			77		2	159-63					Jan 15	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Predictors of physical activity in patients with chronic heart failure secondary to either ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy	Am J Cardiol	0002-9149												8546084				To identify predictors of physical activity levels in patients with chronic heart failure, 43 patients, aged 33 to 91 years, who had well-compensated heart failure were asked to perform a symptom-limited exercise treadmill test and to complete activity logs for 2 consecutive days while wearing an ambulatory heart rate activity monitor. Activity logs included information on the type of activity, duration, rating of perceived exertion, symptoms experienced, and the intensity of symptoms. Subjects also completed the Duke Activity Status Index, a brief self-administered questionnaire that assesses physical functioning, and a self-efficacy for general activity questionnaire. Simultaneous multiple regression analysis was used to predict physical activity levels from a model that included: personal variables of physical fitness (peak oxygen consumption); knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs including self-efficacy for general activity, and rating of perceived exertion during daily activity; and environmental factors such as social support (marital status). The overall model explained 38% of the variance (p < 0.001). Self-efficacy (p = 0.015) was the strongest predictor of physical activity in this group. From this initial descriptive study, we conclude that self-efficacy is a better predictor of performance of physical activity than measures of physical fitness or rating of perceived exertion during activity. Additional studies are needed to examine other behavioral and physiologic mediators as well as behavioral strategies that may be used to increase participation in physical activity programs. Particularly promising are strategies to enhance self-efficacy for exercise.	Oka, R K
Gortner, S R
Stotts, N A
Haskell, W L		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=8546084http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:8546084&id=doi:&issn=0002-9149&volume=77&issue=2&spage=159&pages=159-63&date=1996&title=American+Journal+of+Cardiology&atitle=Predictors+of+physical+activity+in+patients+with+chronic+heart+failure+secondary+to+either+ischemic+or+idiopathic+dilated+cardiomyopathy.&aulast=Oka&pid=%3Cauthor%3EOka+RK%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E8546084%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

R. K. Oka, N. A. Stotts, M. W. Dae, W. L. Haskell and S. R. Gortner	1993	Daily physical activity levels in congestive heart failure		American Journal of Cardiology			71		11	921-5					Apr 15	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Daily physical activity levels in congestive heart failure	Am J Cardiol	0002-9149												8465782				To determine the level of daily physical activity routinely performed by patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and the ability of clinical and laboratory assessments of function to predict peak daily activity levels, 45 patients with CHF were evaluated in the laboratory and during 2 days of usual activity. Subjects performed symptom-limited treadmill exercise tests with respiratory gas analysis and wore a Vitalog activity monitor with continuous measurement of heart rate and body motion. Mean maximal oxygen uptake for this sample was 16.8 ml/kg/min. Peak daily physical activity involved walking on a flat surface (44%), or general activities (housework/yardwork, 42%). Most subjects were asymptomatic (49%) during daily physical activity, 22% noted dyspnea, 16% fatigue and 13% sore muscles/joints. Perceived intensity of peak daily physical activity (mean = 4.19, SD = 2.21) was similar to perceived exertion (mean = 3.73, SD = 1.37) reported at ventilatory threshold measured during treadmill exercise testing. Subjects may control their peak daily physical activity to minimize symptoms experienced. It was further observed that current methods of assessing functional capacity in these patients were inadequate for estimating the peak level of daily activity. In conclusion, daily physical activity levels are low in patients with congestive heart failure and a gap exists between exercise capacity and actual performance of daily physical activity.	Oka, R K
Stotts, N A
Dae, M W
Haskell, W L
Gortner, S R		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=8465782http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1988+to+1995%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:8465782&id=doi:&issn=0002-9149&volume=71&issue=11&spage=921&pages=921-5&date=1993&title=American+Journal+of+Cardiology&atitle=Daily+physical+activity+levels+in+congestive+heart+failure.&aulast=Oka&pid=%3Cauthor%3EOka+RK%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E8465782%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Physiological, University of California, San Francisco.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

R. Oka, T. Marco, W. Haskell, E. Botvinick, M. Dae, K. Bolen and K. Chatterjee	2000	Impact of a home-based walking and resistance training program on quality of life in patients with heart failure		American journal of cardiology			85		3	365-9						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Impact of a home-based walking and resistance training program on quality of life in patients with heart failure								Pubmed 11078308						CN-00331600				Patients with heart failure (HF) often have profound activity limitations and diminished quality of life (QOL) due to symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue. Although recent studies demonstrate positive physiologic and psychological benefits of low to moderate intensity, supervised, aerobic exercise training performed 3 to 5 days/ week for 20 to 40 minutes' duration, in a monitored setting, the efficacy of a home-based exercise program combining endurance and resistance exercise on symptoms and QOL, are unknown. This randomized controlled study examined the efficacy, safety, and adherence rates of a 3-month home-based combined walking and resistance exercise program on symptoms and QOL in 40 women and men aged 30 to 76 years with New York Heart Association class II to III HF. Baseline and 3-month evaluations consisted of a chronic HF questionnaire to assess symptoms and QOL and exercise capacity by symptom-limited treadmill exercise test with respiratory gas analysis. The exercise intervention improved fatigue (p = 0.02), emotional function (p = 0.01), and mastery (p = 0.04). Overall exercise adherence was excellent (90%) and there were no reported adverse events. A moderate intensity home-based combined walking and resistance program for patients with class II to III HF is safe and effective in reducing symptoms and improving QOL.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/600/CN-00331600/frame.html										
R. M. Olde, P. Deurenberg, R. Jansen, H. M. van't and W. Hoefnagels	1997	Validation of multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis in detecting changes in fluid balance of geriatric patients		Journal of the American Geriatrics Society			45		11	1345-51						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Validation of multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis in detecting changes in fluid balance of geriatric patients								Pubmed 9361660						CN-00145134				OBJECTIVES: Multi-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (MFBIA) is a quick, simple, and inexpensive method to assess body fluid compartments. This study aimed at determining the validity of MFBIA in detecting clinically relevant changes of fluid balance in geriatric patients. DESIGN: A prospective, observational study. SETTING: The 22-bed Geriatric Department of the University Hospital Nijmegen. PARTICIPANTS: Hospitalized patients were eligible if they did not have a pacemaker, were not suffering from terminal illnesses, and did not have psychogeriatric diseases likely to interfere with capacity to consent or comply. During a 16-months period, 218 patients were admitted, of whom 78 patients were eligible and 53 consented to participate. MEASUREMENTS: Each subject's fluid balance was diagnosed twice a week as dehydrated, overhydrated, or euvolemic, based on standardized physical examination, laboratory tests, and weight evaluation. Changes in fluid balance were quantified by measuring total body water (TBW) and extracellular fluid (ECF) applying deuterium- and bromide-dilution techniques. Impedance at 1, 5, 50, and 100 kHz and body weight were measured daily. Sensitivity and Guyatt's responsiveness indexes of MFBIA in detecting dehydration and overhydration were determined. RESULTS: In total, 1071 MFBIA measurements were performed, during which 14 transitions from dehydration to euvolemia and 13 transitions from overhydration to euvolemia were monitored. Rehydration of dehydrated patients caused an increase in TBW and ECF of 3.4 +/- 1.8 L and 1.9 +/- 1.9 L, respectively, which resulted in significant decreases in impedance of 133 +/- 67 omega at 1 kHz and 93 +/- 61 omega at 100 kHz (P = .001). Treatment of overhydrated patients caused a TBW and ECF loss of 3.8 +/- 4.2 L and 3.1 +/- 3.8 L, respectively, which resulted in significant increases in impedance of 104 +/- 72 omega at 1 kHz and 81 +/- 68 omega at 100 kHz (P < .001). Sensitivity of a single MFBIA in diagnosing dehydration and overhydration was 14% and 17%, respectively. Responsiveness indexes of weighing and MFBIA for dehydration and overhydration were similar at all frequencies and greater than one. CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of a single impedance measurement in detecting dehydration and overhydration was low. However, responsiveness of serial measurements to intra-individual changes in fluid balance was good. Therefore, this noninvasive technique may be used in clinical practice to improve monitoring fluid balance in geriatric patients, especially when daily weighing is difficult.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/134/CN-00145134/frame.html										
C. Olofsson, T. Ahl, T. Johansson, S. Larsson, P. Nellgård, S. Ponzer, B. Fagrell, R. Przybelski, P. Keipert, N. Winslow and R. Winslow	2006	A multicenter clinical study of the safety and activity of maleimide-polyethylene glycol-modified Hemoglobin (Hemospan) in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery		Anesthesiology			105		6	1153-63						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		A multicenter clinical study of the safety and activity of maleimide-polyethylene glycol-modified Hemoglobin (Hemospan) in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery								Pubmed 17122578						CN-00573908				BACKGROUND: Hemospan (Sangart Inc., San Diego, CA), a polyethylene glycol-modified hemoglobin with unique oxygen transport properties, has successfully completed a phase I trial in healthy volunteers. Because adverse events are expected to increase with age, the authors conducted a phase II safety study of Hemospan in elderly patients undergoing elective hip arthroplasty during spinal anesthesia. METHODS: Ninety male and female patients, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-III, aged 50-89 yr, in six Swedish academic hospitals were randomly assigned to receive either 250 or 500 ml Hemospan or Ringer's acetate (30 patients/group) before induction of spinal anesthesia. Safety assessment included vital signs and Holter monitoring from infusion to 24 h, evaluation of laboratory values, and fluid balance. The hypothesis to be tested was that the incidence of adverse events would be no more frequent in patients who received Hemospan compared with standard of care (Ringer's acetate). RESULTS: Three serious adverse events were noted, none of which was deemed related to study treatment. Liver enzymes, amylase, and lipase increased transiently in patients in all three groups. There were no significant differences in electrocardiogram or Holter parameters, but there was a suggestion of more bradycardic events in the treated groups. Hypotension was less frequent in the treated patients compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: In comparison with Ringer's acetate, Hemospan mildly elevates hepatic enzymes and lipase and is associated with less hypotension and more bradycardic events. The absence of a high frequency of serious adverse events suggests that further clinical trials should be undertaken.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/908/CN-00573908/frame.html										
H. Ono, T. Taguchi, Y. Kido, Y. Fujino and Y. Doki	2011	The usefulness of bright light therapy for patients after oesophagectomy		Intensive & critical care nursing			27		3	158-66						Randomized Controlled Trial		The usefulness of bright light therapy for patients after oesophagectomy								Pubmed 21511473						CN-00800519				OBJECTIVES: The prevention of delirium is an important issue in the field of perioperative nursing. The objective of this study was to verify the usefulness of acute-stage bright light exposure on patients following oesophagectomy. METHODS: The participants were oesophagectomy patients that were removed from their ventilators the day after surgery. After extubation, we assigned the participants to either the exposure group or control group. At Day 2 after surgery, the exposure group underwent two hours of bright light exposure for four days. In both groups, we monitored physical activity and autonomic activity. In addition, we scored the participants on the NEECHAM Scale and evaluated their postoperative delirium and postoperative arrhythmia. RESULTS: On the nights of Days 4 and 5, the amount of activity of the exposure group was significantly lower and The sympathetic nervous index was significantly lower on the night of Day 5. The level of arrhythmia was lower in the exposure group and we observed a significant difference on the night of Day 4 and the daytime of Day 5 after surgery. The occurrence rate of postoperative delirium tended to be lower in the exposure group, but there was no significant difference. None of the participants in the exposure group had NEECHAM Scale scores below the cut-off value from the night of Day 4 onwards. CONCLUSION: We conclude that postoperative bright light exposure adjusted the sleep-wakefulness cycle and improved the bed rest of patients. It was also indicated that bright light therapy is useful for reducing postoperative delirium.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/519/CN-00800519/frame.html										
M. S. Orendurff, J. A. Schoen, G. C. Bernatz, A. D. Segal and G. K. Klute	2008	How humans walk: bout duration, steps per bout, and rest duration		Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development			45		7	1077-89						Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		How humans walk: bout duration, steps per bout, and rest duration	J Rehabil Res Dev	1938-1352												19165696				Much is known about human walking, but it is not known how walking is used during typical activities. Since improving walking ability is a key goal in many surgical, pharmacological, and physiotherapeutic interventions, understanding typical community mobility demands regarding the length of walking bouts, the number of sequential steps frequently performed, and the duration of common nonwalking (rest) behavior seems prudent. This study documents the gait of daily living in 10 nondisabled employed adults to define walking bout duration, sequential step counts, and length of rest periods over a 2-week period. Subjects wore a StepWatch Activity Monitor (OrthoCare Innovations; Mountlake Terrace, Washington) that counted steps in each 10-second time window. Custom code summed sequential steps, periods of walking behavior (bouts), and periods without steps (rest). Sixty percent of all walking bouts lasted just 30 seconds or less; a 2-minute walking bout was just 1 percent of total walking bouts. Forty percent of all walking bouts were less than 12 steps in a row, and 75 percent of all walking bouts were less than 40 steps in a row. Rest periods were predominantly very short, with half of all rests periods lasting 20 seconds or less. The community mobility demand for nondisabled employed adults appears to involve frequent short-duration walking behavior with low numbers of sequential steps strung together and many short-duration nonwalking (rest) behaviors.	Orendurff, Michael S
Schoen, Jason A
Bernatz, Greta C
Segal, Ava D
Klute, Glenn K		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19165696http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19165696&id=doi:&issn=0748-7711&volume=45&issue=7&spage=1077&pages=1077-89&date=2008&title=Journal+of+Rehabilitation+Research+%26+Development&atitle=How+humans+walk%3A+bout+duration%2C+steps+per+bout%2C+and+rest+duration.&aulast=Orendurff&pid=%3Cauthor%3EOrendurff+MS%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19165696%3C%2FAN%3E		Motion Analysis Laboratory, Rehabilitation Research and Development Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA. michael.orendurff@tsrh.org						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. S. Orendurff, J. A. Schoen, G. C. Bernatz, A. V. Segal and G. K. Klute	2008	How humans walk: bout duration, steps per bout, and rest duration		Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development			45		7	1077-1090								How humans walk: bout duration, steps per bout, and rest duration		0748-7711												2010146255. Language: English. Entry Date: 20090410. Revision Date: 20091218. Publication Type: journal article				Much is known about human walking, but it is not known how walking is used during typical activities. Since improving walking ability is a key goal in many surgical, pharmacological, and physiotherapeutic interventions, understanding typical community mobility demands regarding the length of walking bouts, the number of sequential steps frequently performed, and the duration of common nonwalking (rest) behavior seems prudent. This study documents the gait of daily living in 10 nondisabled employed adults to define walking bout duration, sequential step counts, and length of rest periods over a 2-week period. Subjects wore a StepWatchTM Activity Monitor (OrthoCare Innovations; Mountlake Terrace, Washington) that counted steps in each 10-second time window. Custom code summed sequential steps, periods of walking behavior (bouts), and periods without steps (rest). Sixty percent of all walking bouts lasted just 30 seconds or less; a 2-minute walking bout was just 1 percent of total walking bouts. Forty percent of all walking bouts were less than 12 steps in a row, and 75 percent of all walking bouts were less than 40 steps in a row. Rest periods were predominantly very short, with half of all rests periods lasting 20 seconds or less. The community mobility demand for nondisabled employed adults appears to involve frequent short-duration walking behavior with low numbers of sequential steps strung together and many shortduration nonwalking (rest) behaviors.	equations & formulas; pictorial; research; tables/charts. PDF: How humans walk: bout duration, steps per bout, and rest duration [14p]. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Blind Peer Reviewed; Online/Print; Peer Reviewed; USA. No. of Refs: 43 ref. NLM UID: 8410047. Email: 214-559- 7580. michael.orendurff@tsrh.org.
PMID: 19165696		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2010146255&site=ehost-live		Movement Science Laboratory, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, 2222 Welborn St, Dallas, TX 75219						rzh	EBSCOhost	
G. V. Ostir, I. M. Berges, Y. F. Kuo, J. S. Goodwin, S. R. Fisher and J. M. Guralnik	2013	Mobility activity and its value as a prognostic indicator of survival in hospitalized older adults		Journal of the American Geriatrics Society			61		4	551-7					Apr	Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Mobility activity and its value as a prognostic indicator of survival in hospitalized older adults	J Am Geriatr Soc	1532-5415					NIHMS433741
PMC3628089							23527951				OBJECTIVES: To objectively assess total steps and minutes active in the first and last 24 hours of hospitalization and to examine associations with survival after discharge in hospitalized older adults.
DESIGN: A prospective study.
SETTING: A 20-bed Acute Care for Elders (ACE) hospital unit.
PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred twenty-four older adults admitted to an ACE hospital unit.
MEASUREMENTS: An activity monitor was used to collect information on total steps and minutes of activity in the first and last 24 hours of hospitalization. The main outcome was 2-year survival from hospital discharge date.
RESULTS: Participants were active for approximately 80 minutes in the first 24 hours of hospitalization. Participants aged 65-84 were active approximately 28 minutes more in the last 24 hours of hospitalization, but activity levels were essentially unchanged for those aged 85 and older. The median step count for participants was low, with a median of 478 steps in the first 24 hours of hospitalization and 846 in the last 24 hours. Multivariate survival models showed that, in the first and last 24 hours of hospitalization, each 100-step increase was associated with a 2% (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.96-1.00) and 3% (HR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.94-0.99) lower risk of death over 2 years, respectively. A decline in steps from first to last 24 hours of hospitalization was associated with a more than four times greater risk of death (HR = 4.21, 95% CI = 1.65-10.77) 2 years after discharge.
CONCLUSION: Accelerometers could provide meaningful information about walking activity. The ability to apply objective information about the individual's functional status to improve the delivery of health care and health outcomes is important. 2013, Copyright the Authors Journal compilation 2013, The American Geriatrics Society.	Ostir, Glenn V
Berges, Ivonne M
Kuo, Yong-Fang
Goodwin, James S
Fisher, Steven R
Guralnik, Jack M
P30 AG024832 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
R01 AG031178 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
R01-AG031178 (United States NIA NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medc&AN=23527951http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+Corrections&genre=article&id=pmid:23527951&id=doi:10.1111%2Fjgs.12170&issn=0002-8614&volume=61&issue=4&spage=551&pages=551-7&date=2013&title=Journal+of+the+American+Geriatrics+Society&atitle=Mobility+activity+and+its+value+as+a+prognostic+indicator+of+survival+in+hospitalized+older+adults.&aulast=Ostir&pid=%3Cauthor%3EOstir+GV%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23527951%3C%2FAN%3E		Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA. gostir@utmb.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

I. Osunkwo, T. Ziegler, J. Alvarez, C. McCracken, K. Cherry, C. Osunkwo, S. Ofori-Acquah, S. Ghosh, A. Ogunbobode, J. Rhodes, J. Eckman, C. Dampier and V. Tangpricha	2012	High dose vitamin D therapy for chronic pain in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease: results of a randomized double blind pilot study		British journal of haematology			159		2	211-5						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		High dose vitamin D therapy for chronic pain in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease: results of a randomized double blind pilot study								Pubmed 22924607						CN-00841960				We report results of a pilot study of high-dose vitamin D in sickle cell disease (SCD). Subjects were given a 6-week course of oral high-dose cholecalciferol (4000-100 000 IU per week) or placebo and monitored prospectively for a period of six months. Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency was present at baseline in 82·5% and 52·5% of subjects, respectively. Subjects who received high-dose vitamin D achieved higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, experienced fewer pain days per week, and had higher physical activity quality-of-life scores. These findings suggest a potential benefit of vitamin D in reducing the number of pain days in SCD. Larger prospective studies with longer duration are needed to confirm these effects.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/960/CN-00841960/frame.html										
S. Overman, J. Larson, D. Dickstein and P. Rockey	1988	Physical therapy care for low back pain. Monitored program of first-contact nonphysician care		Physical therapy			68		2	199-207						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Physical therapy care for low back pain. Monitored program of first-contact nonphysician care								Pubmed 2963349						CN-00052084				We studied the process and outcomes of physical therapist management of 107 patients with low back pain at a walk-in clinic. Sixty-seven patients with low back pain concurrently were assigned randomly to internists at the clinic. Physicians and physical therapists recorded baseline clinical data and management plans on standard check lists. Physical therapists used a validated algorithm that directed diagnostic evaluations and physician consultations, but all other physical therapist treatment decisions were unconstrained. Patients in the physical therapist and physician groups did not differ significantly. Physical therapists referred more patients to the physical therapy department than did physicians but recommended muscle relaxants, prescription analgesics, and bed rest less frequently. The occurrence of new symptoms, duration of symptoms, and duration of activity limitations were similar between the physician and physical therapy patient groups at a one-month follow-up examination. Physical therapist-managed patients expressed greater satisfaction than physician-managed patients with several aspects of their care. The percentage of functional improvement for highly dysfunctional patients was significantly greater for the physical therapist-managed patients than for the physician-managed patients. The implications of a physical therapist first-contact care program for health service organizations, health care policy, physical therapist training, and credentialing are discussed.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/084/CN-00052084/frame.html										
C. G. Owen, C. M. Nightingale, A. R. Rudnicka, E. M. Sluijs, U. Ekelund, D. G. Cook and P. H. Whincup	2012	Travel to school and physical activity levels in 9-10 year-old UK children of different ethnic origin; Child Heart and Health Study in England (CHASE)		PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource]			7		2	e30932						Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Travel to school and physical activity levels in 9-10 year-old UK children of different ethnic origin; Child Heart and Health Study in England (CHASE)	PLoS ONE	1932-6203					PMC3272007							22319596				BACKGROUND: Travel to school may offer a convenient way to increase physical activity levels in childhood. We examined the association between method of travel to school and physical activity levels in urban multi-ethnic children.
METHODS AND FINDINGS: 2035 children (aged 9-10 years in 2006-7) provided data on their usual method of travel to school and wore an Actigraph-GT1M activity monitor during waking hours. Associations between method of travel and mean level of physical activity (counts per minute [CPM], steps, time spent in light, moderate or vigorous activity per day) were examined in models adjusted for confounding variables. 1393 children (69%) walked or cycled to school; 161 (8%) used public transport and 481 (24%) travelled by car. White European children were more likely to walk/cycle, black African Caribbeans to travel by public transport and South Asian children to travel by car. Children travelling by car spent less time in moderate to vigorous physical activity (-7 mins, 95%CI-9,-5), and had lower CPM (-32 CPM, 95%CI-44,-19) and steps per day (-813 steps, 95%CI,-1043,-582) than walkers/cyclists. Pupils travelling by public transport had similar activity levels to walkers/cyclists. Lower physical activity levels amongst car travellers' were especially marked at travelling times (school days between 8-9 am, 3-5 pm), but were also evident on weekdays at other times and at weekends; they did not differ by gender or ethnic group.
CONCLUSION: Active travel to school is associated with higher levels of objectively measured physical activity, particularly during periods of travel but also at other times. If children travelling by car were to achieve physical activity levels (steps) similar to children using active travel, they would increase their physical activity levels by 9%. However, the population increase would be a modest 2%, because of the low proportion of car travellers in this urban population.	Owen, Christopher G
Nightingale, Claire M
Rudnicka, Alicja R
Sluijs, Esther M F van
Ekelund, Ulf
Cook, Derek G
Whincup, Peter H
068362/Z/02/Z (United Kingdom Wellcome Trust)
G0501295 (United Kingdom Medical Research Council)
MC_U106179473 (United Kingdom Medical Research Council)
MC_U106179474 (United Kingdom Medical Research Council)
PG/06/003 (United Kingdom British Heart Foundation)
(United Kingdom Cancer Research UK)
(United Kingdom Department of Health)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medc&AN=22319596http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+Corrections&genre=article&id=pmid:22319596&id=doi:10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0030932&issn=1932-6203&volume=7&issue=2&spage=e30932&pages=e30932&date=2012&title=PLoS+ONE+%5BElectronic+Resource%5D&atitle=Travel+to+school+and+physical+activity+levels+in+9-10+year-old+UK+children+of+different+ethnic+origin%3B+Child+Heart+and+Health+Study+in+England+%28CHASE%29.&aulast=Owen&pid=%3Cauthor%3EOwen+CG%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22319596%3C%2FAN%3E		Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom. cowen@sgul.ac.uk						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

L. Pacheco, R. Balius, L. Aliste, M. Pujol and C. Pedret	2011	The acute effects of different stretching exercises on jump performance		Journal of strength and conditioning research			25		11	2991-8						Journal: Article		The acute effects of different stretching exercises on jump performance								Pubmed 21993032						CN-00897434				The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the short-term effects of different stretching exercises during the warm-up period on the lower limbs. A controlled, crossover clinical study involving 49 volunteers (14 women and 35 men; mean age: 20.4 years) enrolled in a "physical and sporting activities monitor" program. The explosive force was assessed using the Bosco test. The protocol was as follows: The test involved a (pre) jump test, general warm-up, intervention and (post) jump test. Each volunteer was subjected to each of the 5 interventions (no stretching [NS] and stretching: static passive stretching [P]; proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation [PNF] techniques; static active stretching in passive tension [PT]; static active stretching in active tension [AT]) in a random order. The jump test was used to assess the squat jump, countermovement jump (CMJ), elasticity index (EI), and drop jump. An intragroup statistical analysis was performed before and after each intervention to compare the differences between the different stretching exercises. An intergroup analysis was also performed. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between all variables for the interventions "P," "PNF," and "TA" in the intragroup analysis, with each value being higher in the postjump test. Only the "P" intervention showed a significant difference (p = 0.046) for "EI," with the postvalue being lower. Likewise, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed for the "CMJ" measurements during the intergroup analysis, especially between "NS" and the interventions "P," "PNF," "AT," and "PT," with each value, particularly that for "AT," being higher after stretching. The results of this study suggest that static active stretching in AT can be recommended during the warm-up for explosive force disciplines.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/434/CN-00897434/frame.html										
M. J. Paciorek	1983	The Effects of a Home-Based, Parent Intervention Motor Development Program on Developmentally Delayed Children		4th International Symposium on Adapted Physical Acitivity														The Effects of a Home-Based, Parent Intervention Motor Development Program on Developmentally Delayed Children														CN-00242002				A study focused on developmentally delayed children who participated in a home- based, parent intervention motor development program. The major question considered was: Is there any difference in gross and fine motor mean scores obtained on the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (field test edition), received by children who participated in the program and those who did not. Twenty children with a mean chronological age of 5.8 years, classified as being developmentally delayed, were the target population. Subjects were randomly and evenly divided into an experimental group and comparison group, and then pretested on the scales to determine gross and fine motor developmental ages. The 8-week program was administered by the subjects' parents or guardians and was based on a series of developmental activities accompanying the Peabody Scales, designed to teach each skill included in the scales. The program was monitored and adjusted bi-weekly by examiner home-visits. Analysis of data revealed that gross motor scores of the experimental group improved significantly over gross motor scores of the comparison group, while fine motor scores of both groups showed significant improvement. (JD) [By permission, ERIC Processing and Reference Facility, US Department of Education]			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/002/CN-00242002/frame.html										
P. T. Packard and R. R. Recker	1996	Caffeine does not affect the rate of gain in spine bone in young women		Osteoporosis International			6		2	149-52						Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Caffeine does not affect the rate of gain in spine bone in young women	Osteoporos Int	0937-941X												8704354				The effect of nutrition and dietary caffeine consumption and physical activity on bone gain in women during the third decade of life was determined in a longitudinal, descriptive study of 145 healthy college-aged women. Estimates of caffeine and other dietary intakes were determined by repeated 7-day diet diaries. Measurements of bone mineral in the spine and total body mineral content were determined by dual-photon absorptiometry. Measures of physical activity were ascertained by physical activity monitor. The mean estimated caffeine, calcium and protein intakes for the young women students were 103 +/- 106 mg/day (mean +/- SEM), 831 +/- 334 mg/day (mean +/- SEM) and 66 +/- 16 g/day (mean +/- SEM) respectively. The median rates of bone gain were 5.9% for spine bone mineral content, 6.8% for spine bone mineral density and 12.5% for total body bone mineral. In a multiple regression analysis the significant predictors (+ or -) of the rate of gain were age (-), activity (+), calcium intake (+) and protein intake (-). Caffeine consumption was not associated with significant reduction in rates of bone gain. While calcium and protein nutrition affect bone gain in the third decade of life in women, moderate caffeine intake (one cup of coffee per day, or 103 mg) appears to be safe with respect to bone health in this age group.	Packard, P T
Recker, R R
AR32462 (United States NIAMS NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=8704354http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:8704354&id=doi:&issn=0937-941X&volume=6&issue=2&spage=149&pages=149-52&date=1996&title=Osteoporosis+International&atitle=Caffeine+does+not+affect+the+rate+of+gain+in+spine+bone+in+young+women.&aulast=Packard&pid=%3Cauthor%3EPackard+PT%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E8704354%3C%2FAN%3E		Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

K. Padala, P. Padala, T. Malloy, J. Geske, P. Dubbert, R. Dennis, K. Garner, M. Bopp, W. Burke and D. Sullivan	2012	Wii-fit for improving gait and balance in an assisted living facility: A pilot study		Journal of aging research												Journal: Review		Wii-fit for improving gait and balance in an assisted living facility: A pilot study														CN-00900133				Objectives. To determine the effects on balance and gait of a Wii-Fit program compared to a walking program in subjects with mild Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Methods. A prospective randomized (1: 1) pilot study with two intervention arms was conducted in an assisted living facility with twenty-two mild AD subjects. In both groups the intervention occurred under supervision for 30 minutes daily, five times a week for eight weeks. Repeated measures ANOVA and paired t-tests were used to analyze changes. Results. Both groups showed improvement in Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Tinetti Test (TT) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) over 8 weeks. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups over time. Intragroup analysis in the Wii-Fit group showed significant improvement on BBS (P=0.003), and TT (P=0.013). The walking group showed a trend towards improvement on BBS (P=0.06) and TUG (P=0.07) and significant improvement in TT (P=0.006). Conclusion. This pilot study demonstrates the safety and efficacy of Wii-Fit in an assisted living facility in subjects with mild AD. Use of Wii-Fit resulted in significant improvements in balance and gait comparable to those in the robust monitored walking program. These results need to be confirmed in a larger, methodologically sound study. 2012 Kalpana P. Padala et al.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/133/CN-00900133/frame.html										
P. Pagels, A. Raustorp, T. Archer, U. Lidman and M. Alricsson	2012	Influence of moderate, daily physical activity on body composition and blood lipid profile in Swedish adults		Journal of physical activity & health			9		6	867-74						Randomized Controlled Trial		Influence of moderate, daily physical activity on body composition and blood lipid profile in Swedish adults								Pubmed 21952002						CN-00882360				BACKGROUND: Health organizations suggest that adults ought to engage in at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity daily physical activity. This study investigated the effects of a 30-minute single daily bout of brisk walking upon risk factors for coronary heart disease with blood lipid profile in particular. METHODS: Thirty-three (25-45 y) adults, were randomly assigned into an exercise group (EG; n=16, 9w) and a control group (CG; n=17, 6w). The EG walked briskly 30 minutes daily during the 3-week test period. Compliance/adherence was maximal throughout the 3-week intervention due to stringent daily monitoring. RESULTS: The EG showed a significant decrease in concentrations of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) during the intervention period. A significant inverse correlation between ? energy expenditure/day and ?LDL-C (r=-0.39, P<.05) and an improvement in weight and BMI in the EG was found. Average steps during 30 minutes brisk walking bout was 3669 steps/bout generating a mean energy expenditure of 191 kcal/ bout. CONCLUSIONS: The most unique findings were that daily single bouts of moderate-intensity physical activity for 30 minutes, during 3 weeks, induced favorable effects upon body weight, BMI, and blood concentration of LDL-C and TC in healthy adults.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/360/CN-00882360/frame.html										
D. Paineau, F. Beaufils, A. Boulier, D. Cassuto, J. Chwalow, P. Combris, C. Couet, B. Jouret, L. Lafay, M. Laville, S. Mahe, C. Ricour, M. Romon, C. Simon, M. Tauber, P. Valensi, V. Chapalain, O. Zourabichvili and F. Bornet	2008	Family dietary coaching to improve nutritional intakes and body weight control: a randomized controlled trial		Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine			162		1	34-43						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Family dietary coaching to improve nutritional intakes and body weight control: a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 18180410						CN-00622163				OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that family dietary coaching would improve nutritional intakes and weight control in free-living (noninstitutionalized) children and parents. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Fifty-four elementary schools in Paris, France. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand thirteen children (mean age, 7.7 years) and 1013 parents (mean age, 40.5 years). INTERVENTION: Families were randomly assigned to group A (advised to reduce fat and to increase complex carbohydrate intake), group B (advised to reduce both fat and sugar and to increase complex carbohydrate intake), or a control group (given no advice). Groups A and B received monthly phone counseling and Internet-based monitoring for 8 months. OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in nutritional intake, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), fat mass, physical activity, blood indicators, and quality of life. RESULTS: Compared with controls, participants in the intervention groups achieved their nutritional targets for fat intake and to a smaller extent for sugar and complex carbohydrate intake, leading to a decrease in energy intake (children, P < .001; parents, P = .02). Mean changes in body mass index were similar among children (group A, + 0.05, 95% confidence interval [CI], - 0.06 to 0.16; group B, + 0.10, 95% CI, - 0.03 to 0.23; control group, + 0.13, 95% CI, 0.04-0.22; P = .45), but differed in parents (group A, + 0.13, 95% CI, - 0.01 to 0.27; group B, - 0.02, 95% CI, - 0.14 to 0.11; control group, + 0.24, 95% CI, 0.13-0.34; P = .001), with a significant difference between group B and the control group (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS: Family dietary coaching improves nutritional intake in free-living children and parents, with beneficial effects on weight control in parents. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00456911.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/163/CN-00622163/frame.html										
S. Pal, C. Cheng and S. Ho	2011	The effect of two different health messages on physical activity levels and health in sedentary overweight, middle-aged women		BMC public health			11			204						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The effect of two different health messages on physical activity levels and health in sedentary overweight, middle-aged women								Pubmed 21453540						CN-00788543				BACKGROUND: Most public health guidelines recommend that adults need to participate in 30 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity on most days of the week to maintain good health. Achieving the recommended 30 minutes of exercise a day can be difficult in middle aged, overweight women. This 12 week study evaluated whether a 10,000 steps per day message was more effective than a 30 minutes a day message in increasing physical activity in low active, overweight women. METHODS: Thirty participants were randomized into 2 groups: Group 1 was asked to undertake 30 minutes of walking/day, whereas Group 2 was asked to accumulate 10,000 steps/day using their pedometers. RESULTS: Results showed that there were no changes in anthropometric and blood pressure measures between or within groups. However, the 10,000 step and the 30 minutes groups' daily average number of steps/day were significantly higher than baseline at week 6 (p = 0.038 and p = 0.039 respectively) and at week 12 (p = 0.028 and p = 0.038 respectively). At week 12, the 10,000 steps group were taking an average of 4616 steps per day more (43% increase) than at baseline and the 30 minutes group were taking an average of 2761 steps per day more (35% increase) than at baseline. There was a significant difference in the number of steps with the 10,000 steps group versus 30 minutes group at 12 weeks (p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: This study found that low active, overweight women undertook significantly more physical activity when they had a daily 10,000 step goal using a pedometer, than when they were asked to achieve 30 minutes of walking/day. Therefore we suggest that a public health recommendation of "10,000 steps/day", rather than the "30 min/day" could be applied to promote increased physical activity in sedentary middle aged women.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/543/CN-00788543/frame.html										
S. Y. Pan, C. Cameron, M. Desmeules, H. Morrison, C. L. Craig and X. Jiang	2009	Individual, social, environmental, and physical environmental correlates with physical activity among Canadians: a cross-sectional study		BMC Public Health			9			21						Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Individual, social, environmental, and physical environmental correlates with physical activity among Canadians: a cross-sectional study	BMC Public Health	1471-2458					PMC2639577							19149865				BACKGROUND: The identification of various individual, social and physical environmental factors affecting physical activity (PA) behavior in Canada can help in the development of more tailored intervention strategies for promoting higher PA levels in Canada. This study examined the influences of various individual, social and physical environmental factors on PA participation by gender, age and socioeconomic status, using data from the 2002 nationwide survey of the Physical Activity Monitor.
METHODS: In 2002, 5,167 Canadians aged 15-79 years, selected by random-digit dialling from household-based telephone exchanges, completed a telephone survey. The short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to collect information on total physical activity. The effects of socio-economical status, self-rated health, self-efficacy, intention, perceived barriers to PA, health benefits of PA, social support, and facility availability on PA level were examined by multiple logistic regression analyses.
RESULTS: Self-efficacy and intention were the strongest correlates and had the greatest effect on PA. Family income, self-rated health and perceived barriers were also consistently associated with PA. The effects of the perceived health benefits, education and family income were more salient to older people, whereas the influence of education was more important to women and the influence of perceived barriers was more salient to women and younger people. Facility availability was more strongly associated with PA among people with a university degree than among people with a lower education level. However, social support was not significantly related to PA in any subgroup.
CONCLUSION: This study suggests that PA promotion strategies should be tailored to enhance people's confidence to engage in PA, motivate people to be more active, educate people on PA's health benefits and reduce barriers, as well as target different factors for men and women and for differing socio-economic and demographic groups.	Pan, Sai Yi
Cameron, Christine
Desmeules, Marie
Morrison, Howard
Craig, Cora Lynn
Jiang, Xiaohong		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19149865http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19149865&id=doi:10.1186%2F1471-2458-9-21&issn=1471-2458&volume=9&issue=1&spage=21&pages=21&date=2009&title=BMC+Public+Health&atitle=Individual%2C+social%2C+environmental%2C+and+physical+environmental+correlates+with+physical+activity+among+Canadians%3A+a+cross-sectional+study.&aulast=Pan&pid=%3Cauthor%3EPan+SY%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19149865%3C%2FAN%3E		Evidence and Risk Assessment Division, Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada. sai_yi_pan@phac-aspc.gc.ca						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

A. Papailiou, E. Sullivan and J. L. Cameron	2008	Behaviors in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) associated with activity counts measured by accelerometer		American Journal of Primatology			70		2	185-90					Feb	Comparative Study
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Behaviors in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) associated with activity counts measured by accelerometer	Am J Primatol	0275-2565												17854071				There are large individual differences in the daily pattern and level of physical activity in humans and other species. As it is becoming apparent that activity plays an integral role in a number of physiological processes including arousal, attention, cardiovascular health and body weight regulation, there is an increased interest in quantifying activity. Nonhuman primates are particularly useful experimental models for such studies in that they exhibit a repertoire of activity more similar to humans than the activity of animals such as rodents and domestic animals. Recent studies measuring activity in nonhuman primates have used omnidirectional accelerometers, often worn on collars; however, the exact behaviors and movements detected by monkeys wearing these devices have not yet been characterized. To test the hypothesis that collar-worn accelerometers primarily detect movements that involve movement of the whole body, 16 adult female rhesus monkeys, housed individually in stainless steel cages, wore loose-fitting collars with an attached small metal box housing an activity monitor (Actical omnidirectional accelerometer; MiniMitter Inc., Bend, OR) and behavior was videotaped. Videotaped behaviors were analyzed by frame-by-frame analysis. There was a significant correlation between total (all) movement revealed by videotape analysis and activity counts detected by the accelerometers (r(s)=0.612, P=0.012), primarily reflecting a strong correlation between whole body movement and activity counts (r(s)=0.647, P=0.007). In contrast, arm movement (r(s)=-0.221, P=0.412) and head/neck movement (r(s)=0.193, P=0.474) were not correlated with activity counts. These findings support the hypothesis that activity monitor placement on a collar allows for effective quantification of whole body movement in monkeys, and indicate that behaviors such as chewing and arm movement do not significantly influence activity recorded by collar-mounted accelerometers. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	Papailiou, Athan
Sullivan, Elinor
Cameron, Judy L
DK55819 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
HD18185 (United States NICHD NIH HHS)
RR00163 (United States NCRR NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17854071http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:17854071&id=doi:&issn=0275-2565&volume=70&issue=2&spage=185&pages=185-90&date=2008&title=American+Journal+of+Primatology&atitle=Behaviors+in+rhesus+monkeys+%28Macaca+mulatta%29+associated+with+activity+counts+measured+by+accelerometer.&aulast=Papailiou&pid=%3Cauthor%3EPapailiou+A%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E17854071%3C%2FAN%3E		Division of Reproductive Science, The Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

A. Papailiou, E. Sullivan and J. L. Cameron	2008	Behaviors in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) associated with activity counts measured by accelerometer		American Journal of Primatology			70		2	185-190					Feb	Empirical Study; Quantitative Study		Behaviors in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) associated with activity counts measured by accelerometer		0275-2565
1098-2345												2008-01297-009				There are large individual differences in the daily pattern and level of physical activity in humans and other species. As it is becoming apparent that activity plays an integral role in a number of physiological processes including arousal, attention, cardiovascular health and body weight regulation, there is an increased interest in quantifying activity. Nonhuman primates are particularly useful experimental models for such studies in that they exhibit a repertoire of activity more similar to humans than the activity of animals such as rodents and domestic animals. Recent studies measuring activity in nonhuman primates have used omnidirectional accelerometers, often worn on collars; however, the exact behaviors and movements detected by monkeys wearing these devices have not yet been characterized. To test the hypothesis that collar-worn accelerometers primarily detect movements that involve movement of the whole body, 16 adult female rhesus monkeys, housed individually in stainless steel cages, wore loose-fitting collars with an attached small metal box housing an activity monitor (Actical omnidirectional accelerometer; MiniMitter Inc., Bend, OR) and behavior was videotaped. Videotaped behaviors were analyzed by frame-by-frame analysis. There was a significant correlation between total (all) movement revealed by videotape analysis and activity counts detected by the accelerometers (rs = 0.612, P = 0.012), primarily reflecting a strong correlation between whole body movement and activity counts (rs = 0.647, P = 0.007). In contrast, arm movement (rs = -0.221, P = 0.412) and head/neck movement (rs = 0.193, P = 0.474) were not correlated with activity counts. These findings support the hypothesis that activity monitor placement on a collar allows for effective quantification of whole body movement in monkeys, and indicate that behaviors such as chewing and arm movement do not significantly influence activity recorded by collar-mounted accelerometers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).			http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=psyc5&AN=2008-01297-009http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:PsycINFO+<2006+to+2008>&genre=article&id=pmid:&id=doi:10.1002/ajp.20476&issn=0275-2565&volume=70&issue=2&spage=185&pages=185-190&date=2008&title=American+Journal+of+Primatology&atitle=Behaviors+in+rhesus+monkeys+(Macaca+mulatta)+associated+with+activity+counts+measured+by+accelerometer.&aulast=Papailiou&pid=<author>Papailiou,+Athan</author>&<AN>2008-01297-009</AN>		Cameron, Judy L.: cameronj@ohsu.edu
Cameron, Judy L.: ONPRC, OHSU, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, US, 97006, cameronj@ohsu.edu
Papailiou, Athan: Division of Reproductive Science, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, US Sullivan, Elinor: Division of Reproductive Science, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, US Cameron, Judy L.: Division of Reproductive Science, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, US								English

E. Paran, O. Anson and L. Neumann	1996	The effects of replacing beta-blockers with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor on the quality of life of hypertensive patients		American journal of hypertension			9		12 Pt 1	1206-13						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		The effects of replacing beta-blockers with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor on the quality of life of hypertensive patients								Pubmed 8972892						CN-00135186				The aim was to evaluate the effects of a change of treatment from beta-blocker to captopril on the quality of life of hypertensive patients. One hundred forty-nine mild to moderate hypertensive patients who were being treated with beta-blockers were randomly assigned to receive captopril (12.5 to 50 mg twice daily), or to continue on beta-blocker treatment (atenolol: 25 to 100 mg once daily [n = 121], or propranolol, 10 to 80 mg twice daily [n = 12]). When required, 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide was added in each group. The patients were followed over periods ranging from 6 to 12 months. Blood pressure, treatment side effects, and quality of life were monitored. Blood pressure was equally well managed in both groups, though a lower level of treatment was required in the captopril group. The captopril treated patients exhibited favorable changes in several aspects of quality of life: sleep-related, gastrointestinal, and physical activity-related symptoms improved from baseline to end of follow-up. Drowsiness and the ability to concentrate significantly improved in the captopril group only (P <.01). Change in treatment from beta-blocker to captopril resulted in equally well controlled blood pressure on a lower drug dose. Moreover, the change to captopril had a positive impact on the quality of life.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/186/CN-00135186/frame.html										
J. Park, K. Kim, P. Park, O. Lee, J. Ryu, G. Lee, M. Ha, J. Kim, S. Kang and K. Lee	2006	Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of a new S-amlodipine formulation in healthy Korean male subjects: a randomized, open-label, two-period, comparative, crossover study		Clinical therapeutics			28		11	1837-47						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of a new S-amlodipine formulation in healthy Korean male subjects: a randomized, open-label, two-period, comparative, crossover study								Pubmed 17213004						CN-00574905				BACKGROUND: Amlodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist, is prescribed for the management of angina and hypertension. It is used therapeutically as a racemic mixture, composed of S- and R-enantiomers, but its calcium channel-blocking effect is confined to S-amlodipine; R-amlodipine has 1000-fold less activity than its S-enantiomer. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and safety profiles of a newly developed amlodipine formulation, composed wholly of S-amlodipine, with those of the conventionally prescribed racemic formulation. METHODS: This randomized, open-label, 2-period, comparative, crossover study was conducted with healthy volunteers at the Gil Medical Center and Gachon Medical School, Incheon, Korea. Male subjects, aged 20 to 50 years, were eligible to participate if their weight was within 20% of ideal body weight and if they were judged by physicians to be healthy. All subjects were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to 1 of 2 treatment sequences: (1) a single dose of the test amlodipine formulation (S-enantiomer amlodipine 5 mg p.o.) (Lodien [Hanlim Pharmaceutical Co., Seoul, Korea]) in the first study period, followed by a single dose of the reference amlodipine formulation (racemate 10 mg p.o.) (Norvasc [Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Korea Ltd., Seoul, Korea]) in the second study period, or (2) a single dose of the reference formulation in the first study period, followed by a single dose of the test formulation in the second period. A 3-week washout occurred between study periods. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis of S-amlodipine were collected at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours after drug administration. Pharmacodynamic variables (ie, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate) were measured at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after administration. Safety profiles were also assessed. Hematology, biochemistry, electrocardiography, and urinalysis were performed at baseline and end of study. Adverse events were monitored throughout the study period. Pharmacokinetic characteristics were compared using noncompartmental analysis. Pharmacokinetic equivalence was concluded if the geometric mean ratios of the plasma Cmax and AUC were within the predetermined range of 80% to 125%. RESULTS: Twenty-six healthy Korean male volunteers were screened and 18 subjects (mean [SD] age, 23.4 [1.5] years [range, 21-26 years]; mean [SD] weight, 69.3 [6.8] kg [range, 60-88 kg]) were enrolled and completed the study. The plasma concentration-time profiles of S-amlodipine were comparable after administration of both formulations. The mean (SD) values for Cmax AUC from time 0 to the last available measurement (AUC(last)), and AUC from 0 to infinity (AUC(0-infinity)) for the reference formulation (3.0 [0.6] ng/mL, 151.4 [35.7] ng x h/mL, and 175.3 [45.1] ng x h/mL, respectively) did not differ significantly from those for the test formulation (3.1 [0.6] ng/mL, 139.7 [40.3] ng x h/mL, and 161.7 [43.8] ng x h/mL, respectively). The calculated 90% Cls for the corresponding ratios of log-transformed Cmax, AUCO(0-infinity), and AUC(last) were 97.56% to 112.51%, 86.31% to 98.74%, and 83.46% to 100.04%, respectively, which met the predetermined criteria for pharmacokinetic equivalence. Despite the single administration, significant changes in maximal blood pressure and heart rate were observed after drug administration for both formulations, compared with baseline values (all, P < 0.001). However, no significant differences were observed between the 2 formulations in terms of pharmacodynamic profiles, and no clinically relevant changes were observed for either formulation with respect to physical examination, hematology, biochemistry, electrocardiography, or urinalysis. Neither formulation caused any serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Two amlodipine formulations were found to be equivalent in terms of the pharmacokinetics of S-amlodipine. The newly developed formulation, comprised of only S-amlodipine, had pharmacodynamic profiles comparable to those of the conventional racemic amlodipine formulation in these healthy Korean male subjects. Both formulations were well tolerated.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/905/CN-00574905/frame.html										
S. Park, L. Rink and J. Wallace	2006	Accumulation of physical activity leads to a greater blood pressure reduction than a single continuous session, in prehypertension		Journal of hypertension			24		9	1761-70						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Accumulation of physical activity leads to a greater blood pressure reduction than a single continuous session, in prehypertension								Pubmed 16915025						CN-00571702				BACKGROUND: Despite limited research, the accumulation of physical activity has been recommended for the treatment of prehypertension. OBJECTIVES: To compare the duration and magnitude of blood pressure reduction after accumulated physical activity with that after a single session of continuous physical activity, and to investigate sympathetic modulation as a possible mechanism for the reduction in blood pressure after each acute session. METHODS: Prehypertensive adults (n = 21) participated in a randomized crossover design. Ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate variability (Holter monitoring) were measured for 12 h after accumulated physical activity (4 x 10-min walks (1/h for 4 h) at 50% of VO2peak), continuous physical activity (40-min walk at 50% of VO2peak) and control treatments. Blood pressure and heart rate variability after each activity treatment were compared with the respective periods from the control treatment. Heart rate variability was correlated with reduction in blood pressure. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was reduced for 11 h after accumulated physical activity (P < 0.01), and for 7 h after continuous physical activity (P < 0.05). Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was reduced for 10 h after accumulated physical activity (P < 0.05) and for 7 h after continuous physical activity (P < 0.05). With accumulated physical activity, the differences in normalized low-frequency (r = 0.517, P < 0.01) and high-frequency (r = -0.503, P < 0.05) power were correlated with reduction in SBP and the differences in normalized low-frequency (r = 0.745, P < 0.001), high-frequency (r = -0.738, P < 0.001) powers, and low frequency: high frequency ratio (r = 0.756, P < 0.001) were correlated with reduction in DBP. With continuous physical activity, the difference in low frequency: high frequency ratio (r = 0.543, P < 0.05) was correlated with reduction in DBP. CONCLUSION: The accumulation of physical activity appears to be more effective than a single continuous session in the management of prehypertension. Sympathetic modulation was associated with reduced blood pressure after each session.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/702/CN-00571702/frame.html										
J. Parker, M. Testa, A. Jimenez, G. Tofler, J. Muller, J. Parker and P. Stone	1994	Morning increase in ambulatory ischemia in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Importance of physical activity and increased cardiac demand		Circulation			89		2	604-14						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Morning increase in ambulatory ischemia in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Importance of physical activity and increased cardiac demand								Pubmed 8313548						CN-00099103				BACKGROUND: The morning increase in asymptomatic ambulatory ischemia may be due to heightened coronary tone, increased physical activity, or both. If ambulatory ischemia is primarily due to physical activity, then alterations in the schedule of physical activity should be reflected in a corresponding alteration in the occurrence of ischemia. This study was designed to examine the relation between activity patterns and the frequency of ambulatory ischemic episodes and the effect of nadolol on these relations. METHODS AND RESULTS: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of nadolol versus placebo was performed in 20 patients with stable coronary artery disease. At the end of each 2-week treatment phase, patients were hospitalized for 48 hours. In the hospital, there was a regular activity day (awaken and assume normal activities at 8:00 AM) and a delayed activity day (awaken at 8:00 AM, arise at 10:00 AM, and begin normal activity at noon). Ambulatory ECG monitoring was performed throughout the hospitalization. On the regular activity day, there was a morning increase in heart rate and in the number of ischemic episodes during therapy with placebo that began at 8:00 AM. In contrast, on the delayed activity day, there was a 4-hour phase shift of the increases in heart rate and the increase in ischemic episodes (ie, at noon) corresponding to the onset of physical activities. Therapy with nadolol caused a 50% reduction in the total number of ischemic episodes (129 versus 65, placebo versus nadolol; P < .02). During nadolol therapy, there was no discernible circadian peak in the number of ischemic episodes on either activity day. During placebo treatment, 87% of ischemic episodes were preceded by an increase in heart rate > or = 5 beats per minute. Although nadolol caused a significant reduction in the total number of episodes preceded by a heart rate increase compared with placebo (99 versus 38 episodes, P < .04), this therapy was associated with a significant increase in the number of episodes not associated with a heart rate increase (15 versus 21 episodes, P < .002). CONCLUSIONS: The morning increase in ambulatory ischemic episodes is due to physical activity patterns. The majority of ischemic episodes are preceded by a heart rate increase, and it is these episodes that are primarily responsible for the morning increase in ischemia. Therapy with nadolol caused a reduction in the total number of ischemic episodes solely by reducing those episodes preceded by a heart rate increase. In contrast, nadolol caused a significant increase in the number of ischemic episodes not associated with a heart rate increase, perhaps in part because it potentiated coronary vasoconstriction.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/103/CN-00099103/frame.html										
K. Parker, R. L. Kirby, J. Adderson and K. Thompson	2010	Ambulation of people with lower-limb amputations: relationship between capacity and performance measures		Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation			91		4	543-9					Apr	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Ambulation of people with lower-limb amputations: relationship between capacity and performance measures	Arch Phys Med Rehabil	1532-821X												20382285				OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between measures of ambulation capacity obtained in a clinical setting and measures of ambulation performance in the community, and to explore what demographic and clinical variables influence ambulation performance in people with lower-limb amputations.
DESIGN: A cross-sectional, correlational and descriptive study.
SETTING: Rehabilitation center and participants' homes and community environments.
PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling people (N=52) with lower-limb amputations at the unilateral transfemoral (n=16), unilateral transtibial (n=30), and bilateral transtibial (n=6) levels. All had been fit with prostheses for over 1 year.
INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Measures of ambulation capacity were the Locomotor Capabilities Index version 5, the 2-Minute Walk Test (2MWT), and the Timed Up and Go Test. Measures of ambulation performance included a commercially available step activity monitor (SAM; steps per day, minutes active per day, peak activity index) and self-reported performance with the Activity Restriction subscales of the Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales (TAPES).
RESULTS: Most relationships among capacity and performance measures were in the moderate to high range (Spearman correlation coefficients, rho=.41-.78, P<.05). The highest correlation coefficient was between the 2MWT and SAM peak activity index (rho=.78, P=.000). A multivariate analysis found the 2MWT was significantly related to increased performance as measured by SAM mean steps per day (P=.026) and TAPES (P=.016). Depressive symptoms were also a significant predictor (P=.003) of decreased performance (TAPES).
CONCLUSIONS: The 2MWT, a measure of ambulation capacity, correlates well with most SAM measures of ambulation performance. Exploratory regression analysis indicated that the 2MWT is related to ambulation performance, while depression is only related to self-reported performance. Copyright 2010 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Parker, Kim
Kirby, R Lee
Adderson, James
Thompson, Kara		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=20382285http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:20382285&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.apmr.2009.12.009&issn=0003-9993&volume=91&issue=4&spage=543&pages=543-9&date=2010&title=Archives+of+Physical+Medicine+%26+Rehabilitation&atitle=Ambulation+of+people+with+lower-limb+amputations%3A+relationship+between+capacity+and+performance+measures.&aulast=Parker&pid=%3Cauthor%3EParker+K%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E20382285%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4K4. kim.parker@cdha.nshealth.ca						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. Parkka, J. Merilahti, E. M. Mattila, E. Malm, K. Antila, M. T. Tuomisto, A. V. Saarinen, M. van Gils and I. Korhonen	2009	Relationship of psychological and physiological variables in long-term self-monitored data during work ability rehabilitation program		IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine			13		2	141-51					Mar	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Relationship of psychological and physiological variables in long-term self-monitored data during work ability rehabilitation program	IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed	1558-0032												19272856				Individual wellness comprises both psychological and physiological wellbeing, which are interrelated. In long-term monitoring of wellness, both components should be included. Work-related stress and burnout are persistent problems in industrial countries. Early identification of work-related stress symptoms and early intervention could reduce individual suffering and improve the working productivity and creativity. The goal of this study was to explore the relationship between physiological and psychological variables measured at home by the users themselves or automatically. In all, 17 (3 males and 14 females, age 40-62) people participating in a work ability rehabilitation program (due to work overload) were monitored for three months. Physiological and behavioral variables (activity, bed occupancy, heart rate (HR) and respiration during night, HR during day, blood pressure, steps, weight, room illumination, and temperature) were measured with different unobtrusive wireless sensors. Daily self-assessment of stress, mood, and behaviors (exercise, sleep) were collected using a mobile phone diary. The daily self-assessment of stress and the Derogatis stress profile questionnaire were used as reference for stress status. Results show modest, but significant pooled overall correlations between self-assessed stress level, and physiological and behavioral variables (e.g., sleep length measured with wrist-worn activity monitor: rho = -0.22, p < 0.001, and variance of nightly bedroom illumination: rho = 0.13, p < 0.001). Strong, but sometimes conflicting correlations can be found at individual level, suggesting individual reactions to stress in daily life.	Parkka, Juha
Merilahti, Juho
Mattila, Elina M
Malm, Esko
Antila, Kari
Tuomisto, Martti T
Saarinen, Ari Viljam
van Gils, Mark
Korhonen, Ilkka		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19272856http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19272856&id=doi:10.1109%2FTITB.2008.2007078&issn=1089-7771&volume=13&issue=2&spage=141&pages=141-51&date=2009&title=IEEE+Transactions+on+Information+Technology+in+Biomedicine&atitle=Relationship+of+psychological+and+physiological+variables+in+long-term+self-monitored+data+during+work+ability+rehabilitation+program.&aulast=Parkka&pid=%3Cauthor%3EParkka+J%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19272856%3C%2FAN%3E		Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus (VTT) Technical Research Centre, 33101 Tampere, Finland. juha.parkka@vtt.fi						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. A. Patel, R. P. Benzo, W. A. Slivka and F. C. Sciurba	2007	Activity monitoring and energy expenditure in COPD patients: a validation study		Copd: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease			4		2	107-12					Jun	Validation Studies		Activity monitoring and energy expenditure in COPD patients: a validation study	Copd	1541-2555					NIHMS154483
PMC3391963							17530503				There is increasing interest in the objective measurement of physical activity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients due to the close relationship between physical activity level, health, disability and mortality. We aimed to (a) determine the validity and reproducibility of an activity monitor that integrates accelerometry with multiple physiologic sensors in the determination of energy expenditure in COPD subjects and (b) to document the independent contribution of the additional physiologic sensors to accelerometry measures in improving true energy expenditure determination. Eight subjects (4 male, FEV(1) 56.4 +/- 14.1%, RV 145.0 +/- 75.7%) performed 2 separate 6-minute walk and 2 incremental shuttle walk exercise tests. Energy expenditure was calculated during each exercise test using the physiologic activity monitor and compared to a validated exhaled breath metabolic system. Test-retest reproducibility of physiologic activity monitor during the walking tests was comparable to an exhaled breath metabolic system. Physiologic sensor data significantly improved the explained variance in energy expenditure determination (r(2)=0.88) compared to accelerometry data alone (r(2)=0.68). This physiologic activity monitor provides a valid and reproducible estimate of energy expenditure during slow to moderate paced walking in a laboratory setting and represents an objective method to assess activity in COPD subjects.	Patel, Sanjay A
Benzo, Roberto P
Slivka, William A
Sciurba, Frank C		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17530503http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:17530503&id=doi:&issn=1541-2555&volume=4&issue=2&spage=107&pages=107-12&date=2007&title=Copd%3A+Journal+of+Chronic+Obstructive+Pulmonary+Disease&atitle=Activity+monitoring+and+energy+expenditure+in+COPD+patients%3A+a+validation+study.&aulast=Patel&pid=%3Cauthor%3EPatel+SA%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E17530503%3C%2FAN%3E		Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Sanjaypatel@hotmail.com						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. Paterna, V. Garbo, G. Avellone, P. Pasquale, A. Cacia, A. Tuttolomondo, G. Follone, A. Cardinale, T. Maniscalchi and G. Licata	2003	Effects of Losartan and Delapril on the Fibrinolytic System in Patients with Mild to Moderate Hypertension		Clinical drug investigation			23		11	717-24						Journal: Article		Effects of Losartan and Delapril on the Fibrinolytic System in Patients with Mild to Moderate Hypertension														CN-00461478				Background and objectives: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) probably influences the fibrinolytic system at a central point by converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which increases plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity. This effect appears to be mediated in humans via the angiotensin II type 1 (AT<sub>1</sub>) receptor. The objective of this study was to evaluate, in patients with mild to moderate hypertension, the change in tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and PAI-1 plasma levels after treatment with an AT<sub>1</sub>-receptor blocker (losartan 50 mg/day) or an ACE inhibitor (delapril 60 mg/day). Patients and methods: 30 hypertensive patients and 15 controls were enrolled. Essential hypertension was established by a medical history, physical examination and the absence of clinical findings suggestive of a secondary form of hypertension. Preliminary investigations, routine biochemical tests (including clearance of creatinine and oral glucose tolerance test), chest x-ray, standard and 24-hour ECG monitoring, M- and B-mode echocardiography and fundus oculi examinations were performed. No patients had previously received ACE inhibitors or AT<sub>1</sub>-receptor blockers. After a 14-day run-in period with placebo, patients were randomised in a double-blind fashion into two groups: 15 patients were randomised to losartan 50 mg/day (group 1), 15 patients were randomised to delapril 60 mg/day (group 2), and 15 healthy subjects were used as controls (group 3). Plasma PAI-1 and t-PA antigen were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a photometric method at the end of the run-in period and after 6 months of treatment. Results: There were no significant differences among the three groups regarding age, sex, body mass index and smoking. After 6 months, both groups of patients showed a reduction in blood pressure values. The losartan group did not demonstrate significant changes in PAI-1 levels (96.52 + 23.73 and 99.89 + 22.18 mug/L, pre- and post-treatment, respectively) or in t-PA antigen levels (26.17 + 6.18 and 27.32 + 5.91 mug/L, pre- and post-treatment, respectively). The delapril group showed no significant changes in PAI-1 levels (97.73 + 25.75 and 86.12 + 13.12 mug/L, pre- and post-treatment, respectively), but did show a statistically significant difference (p < 0.005) in t-PA antigen levels (25.71 + 6.40 and 32.24 + 5.31 mug/L, pre- and post-treatment, respectively). The losartan group demonstrated significantly higher post-treatment PAI-1 values than the delapril group (p = 0.048). Conclusion: The study showed that losartan does not affect fibrinolytic parameters, while delapril resulted in an insignificant reduction in PAI-1 and a significant increase in t-PA levels. Further studies are clearly required in order to establish whether these different effects on the fibrinolytic system between ACE inhibitors and AT<sub>1</sub>-receptor blockers may have clinical relevance.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/478/CN-00461478/frame.html										
J. Patrick, H. Wharrad, C. Wilson and A. Birmingham	1985	The effect of a week's beta-adrenoceptor antagonism on daytime heart-rates, subjective responses to exercise, and physical activity in normal subjects		British journal of clinical pharmacology			19		2	177-85						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The effect of a week's beta-adrenoceptor antagonism on daytime heart-rates, subjective responses to exercise, and physical activity in normal subjects								Pubmed 2859043						CN-00037645				The effects on heart rate (HR) and physical activity of 1 week's treatment with three different beta-adrenoceptor antagonists (20 mg betaxolol (Lorex); 160 mg propranolol LA; or 100 mg atenolol daily) have been compared with placebo in a double-blind study of 12 normal men. On the fifth day of each treatment a body-borne tape-recorder was worn during waking hours for recording of ECG and footfall signals. Each record was calibrated in terms of the subject's response to laboratory ergometer exercise, and a computer analysis provided objective indices of physical activity. While on beta-adrenoceptor antagonists the subjects perceived standard exercise as significantly harder than on placebo and reported more side-effects (albeit mild and transient). Ambulatory monitoring of HR showed that subjects spent 13% of their waking day at heart rates below 50 beats min-1 while on propranolol, compared with 1% on placebo and 20% on atenolol and betaxolol. On these latter drugs, the group spent as much as 10% of their waking time with HR below 45 beats min-1. The lowest individual heart-rates recorded were below 35 beats min-1. Objective indices of physical activity, such as the duration of periods spent with heart rates above the HR found at 100 W in the ergometer test, showed no differences between the treatments. This negative finding was confirmed by pedometer step counts over the whole week.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/645/CN-00037645/frame.html										
K. Patrick, G. Norman, E. Davila, K. Calfas, F. Raab, M. Gottschalk, J. Sallis, S. Godbole and J. Covin	2014	Outcomes of a 12-month technology-based intervention to promote weight loss in adolescents at risk for type 2 diabetes		Journal of diabetes science and technology			7		3	759-70						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Outcomes of a 12-month technology-based intervention to promote weight loss in adolescents at risk for type 2 diabetes								Pubmed 23759410						CN-00959765				BACKGROUND: Obese adolescents are at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Obesity interventions delivered through media, such as the web and text messages [short message service (SMS)] may be beneficial when targeting obese adolescents.. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial, Pace-Internet for Diabetes Prevention Intervention (PACEi-DP), compared three forms of an obesity intervention to usual care (UC): (a) website only (W); (b) website, monthly group sessions, and follow-up calls (WG); and (c) website and SMS (WSMS). Participants were overweight or obese adolescents at risk for T2DM (n = 101; age 12-16 years; mean body mass index (BMI) percentile = 97.6; 74.3% Hispanic). In addition to the website, WSMS participants received SMS supporting intervention goals and behavioral strategies and communicated via SMS with a case manager. WG participants had additional group activities related to weight loss and received follow-up calls from a health coach. UC participants were given printed materials and encouraged to attend three initial group sessions. Repeated measures mixed model regression analyses tested treatment effects for anthropometric, behavioral, and behavioral change strategy outcomes. RESULTS: There were no treatment effects for BMI, adiposity, physical activity, or diet at 12 months. Treatment effects were observed for sedentary behavior, with the W arm having a greater decrease in sedentary behavior (4.9 to 2.8 h/day) than the UC arm (p = .006). CONCLUSION: Although not sufficient to produce weight loss, the combination of web intervention and group sessions with telephone follow-up yielded improvements in sedentary behavior and in the use of behavior change strategies expected to lead to behavior change.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/765/CN-00959765/frame.html										
L. Paul, D. Rafferty, R. Marshall-McKenna, J. M. Gill, I. McInnes, D. Porter and J. Woodburn	2014	Oxygen cost of walking, physical activity, and sedentary behaviours in rheumatoid arthritis		Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology			43		1	28-34								Oxygen cost of walking, physical activity, and sedentary behaviours in rheumatoid arthritis	Scand J Rheumatol	1502-7732												23848142				OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the oxygen cost of gait and measure physical activity profiles, including time spent sedentary, in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and matched controls.
METHOD: We recruited 19 people with RA and 19 controls matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Demographic details and clinical characteristics of the RA population were recorded. Oxygen uptake per metre walked (oxygen cost) was measured in the laboratory using a portable gas analyser. Activity profiles including the number of steps per day, time spent sedentary (sitting or lying down), and intensity of walking were recorded over 5 days using an activity monitor, from which physical activity was classified by intensity categories. Levels of pain, fatigue, anxiety, and depression were recorded.
RESULTS: People with RA walked with a slower self-selected gait speed (p < 0.001) than controls but there was no difference in the oxygen cost of walking (p = 0.992) between the groups. People with RA took fewer steps (p < 0.001), had increased sedentary time (p = 0.029) and lower time walking at cadences commensurate with moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) compared to controls (p < 0.001). Pain, fatigue, and depression were higher in the RA group (all p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The oxygen cost of walking in this cohort of people with RA was similar to that of matched controls but there was an increase in time spent sedentary and a reduction in time spent at cadences commensurate with MVPA. Clinical symptoms such as depression, pain, and fatigue may explain the changes in activity/sedentary behaviours in people with RA and require further investigation.	Paul, L
Rafferty, D
Marshall-McKenna, R
Gill, J M R
McInnes, I
Porter, D
Woodburn, J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23848142http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23848142&id=doi:10.3109%2F03009742.2013.802009&issn=0300-9742&volume=43&issue=1&spage=28&pages=28-34&date=2014&title=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Rheumatology&atitle=Oxygen+cost+of+walking%2C+physical+activity%2C+and+sedentary+behaviours+in+rheumatoid+arthritis.&aulast=Paul&pid=%3Cauthor%3EPaul+L%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23848142%3C%2FAN%3E		School of Medicine, University of Glasgow , UK.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

W. D. Paulis, M. van Middelkoop, H. Bueving, P. A. Luijsterburg, J. C. van der Wouden and B. W. Koes	2012	Determinants of (sustained) overweight and complaints in children and adolescents in primary care: the DOERAK cohort study design		BMC Family Practice			13			70						Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Determinants of (sustained) overweight and complaints in children and adolescents in primary care: the DOERAK cohort study design	BMC Fam Pract	1471-2296					PMC3437208							22824438				BACKGROUND: Almost half of the adult Dutch population is currently overweight and the prevalence of overweight children is rising at alarming rates as well. Obese children consult their general practitioner (GP) more often than normal weight children. The Dutch government has assigned a key role to the GP in the prevention of overweight.The DOERAK cohort study aims to clarify differences between overweight and non-overweight children that consult the GP; are there differences in number of consultations and type and course of complaints? Is overweight associated with lower quality of life or might this be influenced by the type of complaint? What is the activity level of overweight children compared to non-overweight children? And is (sustained) overweight of children associated with parameters related to the energy balance equation?
METHODS/DESIGN: A total of 2000 overweight (n = 500) and non-overweight children (n = 1500) aged 2 to 18 years who consult their GP, for any type of complaint in the South-West of the Netherlands are included.At baseline, height, weight and waist circumference are measured during consultation. The number of GP consultations over the last twelve months and accompanying diagnoses are acquired from the medical file. Complaints, quality of life and parameters related to the energy balance equation are assessed with an online questionnaire children or parents fill out at home. Additionally, children or parents keep a physical activity diary during the baseline week, which is validated in a subsample (n = 100) with an activity monitor. Parents fill out a questionnaire about demographics, their own activity behaviour and perceptions on dietary habits and activity behaviour, health and weight status of their child. The physical and lifestyle behaviour questions are repeated at 6, 12 and 24 months follow-up. The present study is a prospective observational cohort in a primary care setting.
DISCUSSION: The DOERAK cohort study is the first prospective study that investigates a large cohort of overweight and non-overweight children in primary care. The total study population is expected to be recruited by 2013, results will be available in 2015.	Paulis, Winifred D
van Middelkoop, Marienke
Bueving, Herman
Luijsterburg, Pim A J
van der Wouden, Johannes C
Koes, Bart W		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22824438http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22824438&id=doi:10.1186%2F1471-2296-13-70&issn=1471-2296&volume=13&issue=1&spage=70&pages=70&date=2012&title=BMC+Family+Practice&atitle=Determinants+of+%28sustained%29+overweight+and+complaints+in+children+and+adolescents+in+primary+care%3A+the+DOERAK+cohort+study+design.&aulast=Paulis&pid=%3Cauthor%3EPaulis+WD%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22824438%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO Box 20403000, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. w.paulis@erasmusmc.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

W. D. Paulis, M. van Middelkoop, H. Bueving, P. A. J. Luijsterburg, J. C. van der Wouden and B. W. Koes	2012	Determinants of (sustained) overweight and complaints in children and adolescents in primary care: the DOERAK cohort study design		BMC Family Practice			13		1	70-78								Determinants of (sustained) overweight and complaints in children and adolescents in primary care: the DOERAK cohort study design		1471-2296												2011703503. Language: English. Entry Date: 20121026. Revision Date: 20140516. Publication Type: journal article				Background: Almost half of the adult Dutch population is currently overweight and the prevalence of overweight children is rising at alarming rates as well. Obese children consult their general practitioner (GP) more often than normal weight children. The Dutch government has assigned a key role to the GP in the prevention of overweight .The DOERAK cohort study aims to clarify differences between overweight and non-overweight children that consult the GP; are there differences in number of consultations and type and course of complaints? Is overweight associated with lower quality of life or might this be influenced by the type of complaint? What is the activity level of overweight children compared to non-overweight children? And is (sustained) overweight of children associated with parameters related to the energy balance equation? Methods/Design: A total of 2000 overweight (n = 500) and non-overweight children (n = 1500) aged 2 to 18 years who consult their GP, for any type of complaint in the South-West of the Netherlands are included. At baseline, height, weight and waist circumference are measured during consultation. The number of GP consultations over the last twelve months and accompanying diagnoses are acquired from the medical file. Complaints, quality of life and parameters related to the energy balance equation are assessed with an online questionnaire children or parents fill out at home. Additionally, children or parents keep a physical activity diary during the baseline week, which is validated in a subsample (n = 100) with an activity monitor. Parents fill out a questionnaire about demographics, their own activity behaviour and perceptions on dietary habits and activity behaviour, health and weight status of their child. The physical and lifestyle behaviour questions are repeated at 6, 12 and 24 months follow-up. The present study is a prospective observational cohort in a primary care setting. Discussion: The DOERAK cohort study is the first prospective study that investigates a large cohort of overweight and non-overweight children in primary care. The total study population is expected to be recruited by 2013, results will be available in 2015.	pictorial; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Online; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. Special Interest: Pediatric Care. NLM UID: 100967792.		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2011703503&site=ehost-live		Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO Box 20403000, Rotterdam, the Netherlands						rzh	EBSCOhost	
G. Payne, H. Williams and J. Skehan	1995	An approach in the assessment of pacing hemodynamics: a comparison of VVI and DDD		Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE			18		10	1861-8						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		An approach in the assessment of pacing hemodynamics: a comparison of VVI and DDD								Pubmed 8539153						CN-00121858				Previous methods for assessment of pacemaker hemodynamics have been limited to a rigid hospital environment. An alternative is the ambulatory ventricular function monitor (C-VEST) that, with a single injection of technetium-99m, permits the continuous measurement of relative ejection fraction (EF) and cardiac output (CO) during the activities of daily living. A study of reproducibility and a comparison of dual chamber (DDD) and fixed rate ventricular (VVI) pacing are presented. Reproducibility was assessed in six patients (4 males; mean age 58, range 27-78 years) with a mean EF of 48.5% (range 34%-62%) and DDD pacemakers, implanted for conduction abnormalities. In addition, 11 patients (7 males; mean age 55.5, range 34-75 years) with a mean EF of 48.5% (range 34%-65%), chronic complete heart block, and DDD pacemakers were used for the comparative study. After an initial multigated scan, the monitor was positioned over the left ventricle and kept in place with the plastic C-VEST. The patients undergoing the reproducibility study performed three shuttle walking tests with 20 minutes of rest in between. The patients in the comparative study were randomized to either VVI or DDD mode and performed one shuttle walking test in each pacing mode. The results confirmed that the C-VEST produces reproducible results with no significant difference in peak CO between the three shuttle walks. In addition, it confirmed previous hemodynamic studies showing that DDD pacing was superior to VVI pacing both at rest (P < 0.004) and at exercise (P < 0.002). These findings show the C-VEST to be an extremely useful tool for the hemodynamic assessment of pacemaker patients.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/858/CN-00121858/frame.html										
L. Payvandi, A. Dyer, D. McPherson, P. Ades, J. Stein, K. Liu, L. Ferrucci, M. Criqui, J. Guralnik, D. Lloyd-Jones, M. Kibbe, S. Liang, B. Kane, W. Pearce, M. Verta, W. McCarthy, J. Schneider, A. Shroff and M. McDermott	2009	Physical activity during daily life and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in peripheral arterial disease		Vascular medicine (London, England)			14		3	193-201						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Physical activity during daily life and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in peripheral arterial disease								Pubmed 19651668						CN-00719935				We determined whether higher levels of physical activity in daily life are associated with better brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) among individuals with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Participants were 111 men and women with PAD (ankle-brachial index (ABI) <or= 0.95) who completed baseline testing in the Study to Improve Leg Circulation (SILC). We evaluated FMD of the brachial artery at baseline and at 60 seconds following 4 minutes of suprasystolic blood pressure cuff inflation. Physical activity was measured continuously over 7 days using a vertical accelerometer (Caltrac) and a pedometer (Digiwalker). Adjusting for age, sex, race, ABI, cardiovascular risk factors and other potential confounders, higher levels of physical activity were associated with a greater percent change in brachial artery FMD at 60 seconds post cuff deflation for both Caltrac (1st tertile of activity +4.81% change; 2nd tertile +4.60% change; 3rd tertile +7.23% change; p-trend = 0.018) and the Digiwalker (1st tertile of activity +3.76% change; 2nd tertile +6.25% change; 3rd tertile +7.25% change; p-trend = 0.001). Similar findings were observed for absolute change in brachial artery FMD 60 seconds after cuff deflation. In conclusion, higher levels of physical activity during daily life are associated significantly and independently with better brachial artery FMD among individuals with PAD, even after adjusting for confounders.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/935/CN-00719935/frame.html										
C. Pedone, D. Chiurco, S. Scarlata and R. Incalzi	2013	Efficacy of multiparametric telemonitoring on respiratory outcomes in elderly people with COPD: a randomized controlled trial		BMC health services research			13			82						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Efficacy of multiparametric telemonitoring on respiratory outcomes in elderly people with COPD: a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 23497109						CN-00844182				BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a highly prevalent condition associated with a high health care resource consumption and health care expenditures, driven mainly by exacerbations-related hospitalizations. Telemedicine has been proposed as a mean for timely detection of exacerbation, but the available evidence is inadequate to provide conclusive information on its efficacy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a telemonitoring system in reducing COPD-related hospitalizations in an elderly population with COPD. METHODS: This is a parallel arms, randomized trial including patients aged 65 or older with COPD in GOLD stages II and III enrolled in a Pulmonary Medicine outpatient facility. Patients were randomly assigned to receive a non-invasive system able to telemonitor vital signs (oxygen saturation, heart rate, near-body temperature, overall physical activity) or standard care, and were followed up for 9 months. The outcome measures were the number of exacerbations and exacerbation-related hospitalization. RESULTS: Fifty patients were included in the telemonitoring group and 49 in the control group. The incidence rate of respiratory events was 28/100 person/years in the telemonitoring group vs. 42/100 person/years in the control group (incidence rate ratio: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.32 - 1.36). The corresponding figures for hospital admissions where 13/100 person/years and 20/100 person/years, respectively (IRR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.21 - 1.86). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, COPD patients followed up with the aid of a multiparametric remote monitoring system experienced a lower rate of exacerbations and COPD-related hospitalizations compared to patients followed up using the standard model of care. These results need to be replicated in larger studies before they can be applied to the general COPD population. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01481506 (clinicaltrials.gov). FUNDING: co-financed by Lazio Region and Intersistemi Inc.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/182/CN-00844182/frame.html										
I. Peijl, V. T. Vliet, M. Versteegh, J. Lok, M. Munneke and R. Dion	2004	Exercise therapy after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a randomized comparison of a high and low frequency exercise therapy program		Annals of thoracic surgery			77		5	1535-41						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Exercise therapy after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a randomized comparison of a high and low frequency exercise therapy program								Pubmed 15111138						CN-00469331				BACKGROUND: Postoperative exercise therapy aims at recovering, as soon as possible, independence in the basic physical activities; but the type, intensity, and therefore the costs of the programs, vary widely. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a low frequency (once daily, not in the weekend) program with a high frequency (twice daily, including the weekend) one and to assess whether the latter would yield sufficient benefit for the patient to justify higher costs in material and personnel (physiotherapists) after uncomplicated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. METHODS: Two-hundred and forty-six patients were randomly allocated to either a low or high frequency exercise program. Endpoints were the functional level as measured by the achievement of five activity milestones, the patient's independence (functional independence measures [FIM]) as assessed by a structured interview, the amount of daily physical activity (activity monitor), and patient satisfaction (questionnaire). Except for patient satisfaction, all measurements were done in the first week after surgery. RESULTS: Patients with the high frequency exercise program achieved functional milestones faster than patients with the low frequency exercise program (p = 0.007). The frequency of the exercise program had no influence on functional independence as measured with the FIM or quantity of physical activity. The satisfaction degree was greater in the high frequency group (p = 0.032), although the low frequency group was not dissatisfied. CONCLUSIONS: A high frequency exercise program leads to earlier performance of functional milestones and yields more satisfaction after uncomplicated CABG surgery and this should lead to an earlier discharge. On the other hand, if the shortage of physiotherapists remains unchanged or even increases, the low frequency program also yields excellent functional results, albeit at the cost of a somewhat longer hospital stay: but it would allow a sensible redistribution of the physiotherapists activity towards complicated and, therefore, more demanding patients.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/331/CN-00469331/frame.html										
C. L. Peiris, N. F. Taylor and N. Shields	2012	Additional Saturday allied health services increase habitual physical activity among patients receiving inpatient rehabilitation for lower limb orthopedic conditions: a randomized controlled trial		Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation			93		8	1365-70					Aug	Multicenter Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Additional Saturday allied health services increase habitual physical activity among patients receiving inpatient rehabilitation for lower limb orthopedic conditions: a randomized controlled trial	Arch Phys Med Rehabil	1532-821X												22446517				OBJECTIVE: To determine whether adults with lower limb orthopedic conditions who received additional weekend physical therapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) demonstrated increased habitual physical activity.
DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial.
SETTING: Inpatient rehabilitation center.
PARTICIPANTS: Adults (N=105, 72 women; mean age + SD, 74+12y) admitted with a lower limb orthopedic condition, cognitively alert and able to walk.
INTERVENTION: The control group received PT and OT Monday to Friday; in addition, the experimental group also received a full Saturday PT and OT service. Participants wore an activity monitor for 7 days.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Daily steps and daily upright time (hours).
RESULTS: Overall, participants took a mean of 589+640 steps per day and spent a mean of 1.2+0.9 hours upright per day. Experimental group participants took more than twice as many steps (mean difference, 428 steps; 95% confidence interval [CI], 184-673) and spent 50%+20% more time upright (mean difference, 0.5h; 95% CI, 0.1-0.9) than control group participants on Saturdays. In the days after additional therapy, experimental group participants took 63%+28% more steps (mean difference, 283 steps; 95% CI, 34-532) and spent 40%+17% more time upright (mean difference, 0.4h; 95% CI, 0.1-0.8) per day than participants in the control group.
CONCLUSIONS: Providing additional rehabilitation services on the weekend increased habitual activity, but patients with lower limb orthopedic conditions admitted to rehabilitation remained relatively inactive even with additional therapy. Copyright 2012 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Peiris, Casey L
Taylor, Nicholas F
Shields, Nora		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22446517http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22446517&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.apmr.2012.03.004&issn=0003-9993&volume=93&issue=8&spage=1365&pages=1365-70&date=2012&title=Archives+of+Physical+Medicine+%26+Rehabilitation&atitle=Additional+Saturday+allied+health+services+increase+habitual+physical+activity+among+patients+receiving+inpatient+rehabilitation+for+lower+limb+orthopedic+conditions%3A+a+randomized+controlled+trial.&aulast=Peiris&pid=%3Cauthor%3EPeiris+CL%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22446517%3C%2FAN%3E		Musculoskeletal Research Centre and Department of Physiotherapy, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia. Casey.Peiris@easternhealth.org.au						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. L. Peiris, N. F. Taylor and N. Shields	2013	Patients receiving inpatient rehabilitation for lower limb orthopaedic conditions do much less physical activity than recommended in guidelines for healthy older adults: an observational study		Journal of Physiotherapy			59		1	39-44					Mar	Comparative Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Patients receiving inpatient rehabilitation for lower limb orthopaedic conditions do much less physical activity than recommended in guidelines for healthy older adults: an observational study	J Physiother	1836-9553												23419914				QUESTION: Are ambulant patients who are admitted for inpatient rehabilitation for a lower limb orthopaedic condition active enough to meet current physical activity guidelines?
DESIGN: Prospective observational study.
PARTICIPANTS: Adults admitted for inpatient rehabilitation for a lower limb orthopaedic condition who were cognitively alert and able to walk independently or with assistance.
OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants wore an activity monitor for three full days. Daily time spent in moderate intensity physical activity was used to determine whether the levels of physical activity recommended in clinical guidelines were achieved.
RESULTS: Fifty-four participants with a mean age of 74 years (SD 11) took a median of 398 (IQR 140 to 993) steps per day and spent a median of 8 (IQR 3 to 16) minutes walking per day. No participant completed a 10-minute bout of moderate intensity physical activity during the monitoring period. One participant accumulated 30 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity and nine participants accumulated 15 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity in a day. Physical activity was associated with shorter length of stay (r=-0.43) and higher functional status on discharge (r=0.39).
CONCLUSIONS: Adults with lower limb orthopaedic conditions in inpatient rehabilitation are relatively inactive and do not meet current physical activity guidelines for older adults. Results of this study indicate that strategies to increase physical activity are required. Copyright 2013 Australian Physiotherapy Association. Published by .. All rights reserved.	Peiris, Casey L
Taylor, Nicholas F
Shields, Nora
S1836-9553(13)70145-0		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23419914http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23419914&id=doi:10.1016%2FS1836-9553%2813%2970145-0&issn=1836-9553&volume=59&issue=1&spage=39&pages=39-44&date=2013&title=Journal+of+Physiotherapy&atitle=Patients+receiving+inpatient+rehabilitation+for+lower+limb+orthopaedic+conditions+do+much+less+physical+activity+than+recommended+in+guidelines+for+healthy+older+adults%3A+an+observational+study.&aulast=Peiris&pid=%3Cauthor%3EPeiris+CL%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23419914%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Physiotherapy, La Trobe University, Australia. Casey.Peiris@easternhealth.org.au						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. Peiris, N. Taylor and N. Shields	2012	Additional saturday allied health services increase habitual physical activity among patients receiving inpatient rehabilitation for lower limb orthopedic conditions: A randomized controlled trial		Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation			93		8	1365-1370								Additional saturday allied health services increase habitual physical activity among patients receiving inpatient rehabilitation for lower limb orthopedic conditions: A randomized controlled trial														CN-00903585				Objective: To determine whether adults with lower limb orthopedic conditions who received additional weekend physical therapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) demonstrated increased habitual physical activity. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation center. Participants: Adults (N=105, 72 women; mean age +/- SD, 74+/-12y) admitted with a lower limb orthopedic condition, cognitively alert and able to walk. Intervention: The control group received PT and OT Monday to Friday; in addition, the experimental group also received a full Saturday PT and OT service. Participants wore an activity monitor for 7 days. Main Outcome Measures: Daily steps and daily upright time (hours). Results: Overall, participants took a mean of 589+/-640 steps per day and spent a mean of 1.2+/-0.9 hours upright per day. Experimental group participants took more than twice as many steps (mean difference, 428 steps; 95% confidence interval [CI], 184-673) and spent 50%+/-20% more time upright (mean difference, 0.5h; 95% CI, 0.1-0.9) than control group participants on Saturdays. In the days after additional therapy, experimental group participants took 63%+/-28% more steps (mean difference, 283 steps; 95% CI, 34-532) and spent 40%+/-17% more time upright (mean difference, 0.4h; 95% CI, 0.1-0.8) per day than participants in the control group. Conclusions: Providing additional rehabilitation services on the weekend increased habitual activity, but patients with lower limb orthopedic conditions admitted to rehabilitation remained relatively inactive even with additional therapy. 2012 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/585/CN-00903585/frame.html										
D. Pekmezi, D. Williams, S. Dunsiger, E. Jennings, B. Lewis, J. Jakicic and B. Marcus	2010	Feasibility of using computer-tailored and internet-based interventions to promote physical activity in underserved populations		Telemedicine journal and e-health			16		4	498-503						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Feasibility of using computer-tailored and internet-based interventions to promote physical activity in underserved populations								Pubmed 20507203						CN-00771722				OBJECTIVE: Computer-tailored and Internet-based interventions to promote physical activity behavior have shown some promise, but only few have been tested among African Americans. We examined the feasibility and efficacy of three 1-year, multiple contact physical activity interventions (Tailored Internet, Tailored Print, Standard Internet) in a subsample of African American participants (n = 38) enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants randomly assigned to Tailored Internet and Print programs received individually tailored computer expert system feedback delivered via Internet or print. Participants in the Standard Internet program received access to six currently available physical activity Web sites. Self-reported physical activity was assessed at baseline and 6 and 12 months with the 7-Day Physical Activity Recall. RESULTS: Across all participants, physical activity changed from 17.24 min/week (standard deviation [SD] = 20.72) at baseline to 139.44 min/week (SD = 99.20) at 6 months, to 104.26 min/week (SD = 129.14) at 12 months. According to available consumer satisfaction data (n = 30), 70% reported reading most or all of the physical activity information received by Internet or mail. Most participants described the Internet- and print-based physical activity programs as "somewhat" or "very" helpful (80%) and enjoyable (87%). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that computer-tailored and Internet-based interventions are able to produce long-term increases in physical activity and associated process variables among African American participants. Future studies with larger numbers of African American participants are needed to determine which of the programs (Tailored Print, Tailored Internet, Standard Internet) are more effective and what program modifications might be helpful in assisting this population in becoming more active.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/722/CN-00771722/frame.html										
D. Pekmezi, S. Dunsiger, R. Gaskins, B. Barbera, B. Marquez, C. Neighbors and B. Marcus	2014	Feasibility and acceptability of using pedometers as an intervention tool for Latinas		Journal of physical activity & health			10		3	451-7						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Feasibility and acceptability of using pedometers as an intervention tool for Latinas								Pubmed 22820735						CN-00960165				BACKGROUND: Due to high rates of inactivity and related chronic illnesses among Latinas, the current study examined the feasibility and acceptability of using pedometers as an intervention tool in this underserved population. METHODS: Data were taken from a larger randomized, controlled trial2 and focused on the subsample of participants (N = 43) who were randomly assigned to receive a physical activity intervention with pedometers and instructions to log pedometer use daily and mail completed logs back to the research center each month for 6 months. RESULTS: Retention (90.7% at 6 months) and adherence to the pedometer protocol (68.89% returned ? 5 of the 6 monthly pedometer logs) were high. Overall, participants reported increased physical activity at 6 months and credited pedometer use for helping them achieve these gains (75.7%). Participants who completed a high proportion (? 5/6) of pedometer logs reported significantly greater increases in physical activity and related process variables (stages of change, self-efficacy, behavioral processes of change, social support from friends) than those who were less adherent (completed < 5 pedometer logs). CONCLUSIONS: Pedometers constitute a low-cost, useful tool for encouraging self-monitoring of physical activity behavior in this at-risk group.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/165/CN-00960165/frame.html										
C. Pellegrini, J. Duncan, A. Moller, J. Buscemi, A. Sularz, A. DeMott, A. Pictor, S. Pagoto, J. Siddique and B. Spring	2012	A smartphone-supported weight loss program: design of the ENGAGED randomized controlled trial		BMC public health			12			1041						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		A smartphone-supported weight loss program: design of the ENGAGED randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 23194256						CN-00841617				BACKGROUND: Obesity remains a major public health challenge, demanding cost-effective and scalable weight management programs. Delivering key treatment components via mobile technology offers a potential way to reduce expensive in-person contact, thereby lowering the cost and burden of intensive weight loss programs. The ENGAGED study is a theory-guided, randomized controlled trial designed to examine the feasibility and efficacy of an abbreviated smartphone-supported weight loss program. METHODS/DESIGN: Ninety-six obese adults (BMI 30-39.9 kg/m2) will be randomized to one of three treatment conditions: (1) standard behavioral weight loss (STND), (2) technology-supported behavioral weight loss (TECH); or (3) self-guided behavioral weight loss (SELF). All groups will aim to achieve a 7% weight loss goal by reducing calorie and fat intake and progressively increasing moderate intensity physical activity to 175 minutes/week. STND and TECH will attend 8 group sessions and receive regular coaching calls during the first 6 months of the intervention; SELF will receive the Group Lifestyle Balance Program DVD's and will not receive coaching calls. During months 1-6, TECH will use a specially designed smartphone application to monitor dietary intake, body weight, and objectively measured physical activity (obtained from a Blue-tooth enabled accelerometer). STND and SELF will self-monitor on paper diaries. Linear mixed modeling will be used to examine group differences on weight loss at months 3, 6, and 12. Self-monitoring adherence and diet and activity goal attainment will be tested as mediators. DISCUSSION: ENGAGED is an innovative weight loss intervention that integrates theory with emerging mobile technologies. We hypothesize that TECH, as compared to STND and SELF, will result in greater weight loss by virtue of improved behavioral adherence and goal achievement. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01051713.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/617/CN-00841617/frame.html										
J. Pelssers, C. Delecluse, J. Opdenacker, E. Kennis, E. Roie and F. Boen	2013	"Every step counts!": effects of a structured walking intervention in a community-based senior organization		Journal of aging and physical activity			21		2	167-85						Journal: Article		"Every step counts!": effects of a structured walking intervention in a community-based senior organization								Pubmed 22898451						CN-00917884				This study evaluated "Every Step Counts!"- a 10-wk, structured walking intervention in a community-based senior organization - on promoting physical activity participation, fitness, and well-being among older adults (age >= 55 yr). The intervention prescribed pedometer-defined walks in weekly walking schedules. These were fitness-tailored and structured in walking load (intensity/volume) according to the principles of training progression. This intervention was offered as a social activity at meeting points of a community-based senior organization. Twenty-nine meeting points (n = 432) constituted the intervention condition. Ten meeting points (n = 148) formed the wait-list control condition. Measurements were organized at intervention start (pretest) and end (posttest). Intention-to-treat linear mixed models showed small positive intervention effects on physical activity, fitness, and aspects of well-being. These results confirm the effectiveness of structured walking interventions with systematic training progression and underscore the value of community-based senior organizations as intervention settings for older adults.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/884/CN-00917884/frame.html										
D. M. Penetar, G. Belenky, J. J. Garrigan and D. P. Redmond	1989	Triazolam impairs learning and fails to improve sleep in a long-range aerial deployment		Aviation Space & Environmental Medicine			60		6	594-8					Jun	Clinical Trial
Controlled Clinical Trial		Triazolam impairs learning and fails to improve sleep in a long-range aerial deployment	Aviat Space Environ Med	0095-6562					Source: NASA. 89322109							2751592				Of the soldiers deployed from the 18th Airborne Corps, Ft. Bragg, NC, on the Army's annual field exercise in the Middle East (Operation Brightstar) 68 received either placebo or 0.5 mg of triazolam once airborne on the first leg of their journey from the U.S. to the Middle East. Sleep and activity were measured during the flight by means of a wrist-worn activity monitor. Cognitive performance, mood, and sleepiness were measured 8 h after drug administration during a refueling stop in Europe. Triazolam did not increase the duration or improve the continuity of sleep during the 8-h flight from the U.S. to the refueling point. The scheduling of an inflight meal contributed to this lack of effect. There were no differences in mood or sleepiness between the two groups as assessed by the Profile of Mood States and the Stanford Sleepiness Scale. Ability to recall verbal material presented immediately prior to testing was impaired by triazolam 8 h after ingestion, as evidenced by fewer items recalled on the Logical Memory portion of the Wechsler Memory Scale. These results suggest that triazolam at a dose of 0.5 mg is unsuitable for use in long-range aerial deployments when unimpaired cognitive functioning is required immediately upon arrival.	Penetar, D M
Belenky, G
Garrigan, J J
Redmond, D P		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=2751592http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1988+to+1995%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:2751592&id=doi:&issn=0095-6562&volume=60&issue=6&spage=594&pages=594-8&date=1989&title=Aviation+Space+%26+Environmental+Medicine&atitle=Triazolam+impairs+learning+and+fails+to+improve+sleep+in+a+long-range+aerial+deployment.&aulast=Penetar&pid=%3Cauthor%3EPenetar+DM%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E2751592%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Behavioral Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307-5100.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

D. Penetar, G. Belenky, J. Garrigan and D. Redmond	1989	Triazolam impairs learning and fails to improve sleep in a long-range aerial deployment		Aviation, space, and environmental medicine			60		6	594-8						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial;		Triazolam impairs learning and fails to improve sleep in a long-range aerial deployment								Pubmed 2751592						CN-00061284				Of the soldiers deployed from the 18th Airborne Corps, Ft. Bragg, NC, on the Army's annual field exercise in the Middle East (Operation Brightstar) 68 received either placebo or 0.5 mg of triazolam once airborne on the first leg of their journey from the U.S. to the Middle East. Sleep and activity were measured during the flight by means of a wrist-worn activity monitor. Cognitive performance, mood, and sleepiness were measured 8 h after drug administration during a refueling stop in Europe. Triazolam did not increase the duration or improve the continuity of sleep during the 8-h flight from the U.S. to the refueling point. The scheduling of an inflight meal contributed to this lack of effect. There were no differences in mood or sleepiness between the two groups as assessed by the Profile of Mood States and the Stanford Sleepiness Scale. Ability to recall verbal material presented immediately prior to testing was impaired by triazolam 8 h after ingestion, as evidenced by fewer items recalled on the Logical Memory portion of the Wechsler Memory Scale. These results suggest that triazolam at a dose of 0.5 mg is unsuitable for use in long-range aerial deployments when unimpaired cognitive functioning is required immediately upon arrival.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/284/CN-00061284/frame.html										
L. Penn, M. White, J. Lindstrom, A. Boer, E. Blaak, J. Eriksson, E. Feskens, P. Ilanne-Parikka, S. Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, M. Walker, J. Mathers, M. Uusitupa and J. Tuomilehto	2013	Importance of Weight Loss Maintenance and Risk Prediction in the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: Analysis of European Diabetes Prevention Study RCT		PloS one			8		2							Journal: Article		Importance of Weight Loss Maintenance and Risk Prediction in the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: Analysis of European Diabetes Prevention Study RCT														CN-00911672				Background: Prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing worldwide. T2D prevention by lifestyle intervention is effective. Pragmatic scalable interventions are needed, with evidence to efficiently target and monitor such interventions. We report pooled analyses of data from three European trial cohorts: to analyse T2D incidence, sustained weight loss and utility of risk predictors. Methods: We analysed data on 749 adults with impaired glucose tolerance (278 men and 471 women, mean age 56 years, mean BMI 31 kgm<sup>-2</sup>) recruited between 1993 and 2003, and randomised to intensive lifestyle intervention (I) or lifestyle advice control (C). The intervention aimed to increase physical activity, modify diet, and promote weight loss>5%. Using Cox-regression survival analysis, we assessed T2D incidence and the impact on T2D incidence of sustained weight loss, and of baseline cut-point values of FINDRISC score, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and HbA<sub>1c</sub>. Results: Mean follow-up duration was 3.1 years. T2D was diagnosed in 139 participants (I = 45/379, C = 94/370). Cumulative T2D incidence was 57% lower in the intervention compared with the control group (HR 0.42 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.60) P<0.001). Participants with >5% weight loss at one year had 65% lower T2D incidence (HR 0.35 (95% CI 0.22 to 0.56) P<0.001); maintaining >5% weight loss for two and three years further reduced T2D incidence. Recommended cut-points to identify those at high risk for T2D would have identified different proportions of European Diabetes Prevention Study (EDIPS) participants with similar hazard-ratios for intervention effect. Conclusions: Pooled analysis of EDIPS trial data reinforces evidence for T2D prevention by lifestyle intervention. Analysis showed the preventive effect of >5% weight loss, especially if maintained long term, which has utility for intervention monitoring. Analysis of proposed cut-points demonstrates difficulties in balancing risk and benefit, to efficiently target interventions and suggests evidence is needed to define clinical policy. Trial registrations: The Finnish Diabetes Prevention study, Helsinki, Finland: ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT00518167; The SLIM diabetes prevention study, Maastricht, The Netherlands: Clinical Trials.gov; NCT00381186; The EDIPS-Newcastle diabetes prevention study, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number; ISRCTN15670600. 2013 Penn et al.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/672/CN-00911672/frame.html										
L. Penn, M. White, J. Lindström, A. Boer, E. Blaak, J. Eriksson, E. Feskens, P. Ilanne-Parikka, S. Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, M. Walker, J. Mathers, M. Uusitupa and J. Tuomilehto	2013	Importance of weight loss maintenance and risk prediction in the prevention of type 2 diabetes: analysis of European Diabetes Prevention Study RCT		PloS one			8		2	e57143						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Importance of weight loss maintenance and risk prediction in the prevention of type 2 diabetes: analysis of European Diabetes Prevention Study RCT								Pubmed 23451166						CN-00965111				BACKGROUND: Prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing worldwide. T2D prevention by lifestyle intervention is effective. Pragmatic scalable interventions are needed, with evidence to efficiently target and monitor such interventions. We report pooled analyses of data from three European trial cohorts: to analyse T2D incidence, sustained weight loss and utility of risk predictors. METHODS: We analysed data on 749 adults with impaired glucose tolerance (278 men and 471 women, mean age 56 years, mean BMI 31 kgm(-2)) recruited between 1993 and 2003, and randomised to intensive lifestyle intervention (I) or lifestyle advice control (C). The intervention aimed to increase physical activity, modify diet, and promote weight loss?5%. Using Cox-regression survival analysis, we assessed T2D incidence and the impact on T2D incidence of sustained weight loss, and of baseline cut-point values of FINDRISC score, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and HbA1c. RESULTS: Mean follow-up duration was 3.1 years. T2D was diagnosed in 139 participants (I?=?45/379, C?=?94/370). Cumulative T2D incidence was 57% lower in the intervention compared with the control group (HR 0.42 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.60) P<0.001). Participants with ?5% weight loss at one year had 65% lower T2D incidence (HR 0.35 (95% CI 0.22 to 0.56) P<0.001); maintaining ?5% weight loss for two and three years further reduced T2D incidence. Recommended cut-points to identify those at high risk for T2D would have identified different proportions of European Diabetes Prevention Study (EDIPS) participants with similar hazard-ratios for intervention effect. CONCLUSIONS: Pooled analysis of EDIPS trial data reinforces evidence for T2D prevention by lifestyle intervention. Analysis showed the preventive effect of ?5% weight loss, especially if maintained long term, which has utility for intervention monitoring. Analysis of proposed cut-points demonstrates difficulties in balancing risk and benefit, to efficiently target interventions and suggests evidence is needed to define clinical policy. TRIAL REGISTRATIONS: THE FINNISH DIABETES PREVENTION STUDY, HELSINKI, FINLAND: ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT00518167 The SLIM diabetes prevention study, Maastricht, The Netherlands: Clinical Trials.gov; NCT00381186 The EDIPS-Newcastle diabetes prevention study, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number; ISRCTN15670600.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/111/CN-00965111/frame.html										
A. Pennock, W. Pennington, M. Torry, M. Decker, S. Vaishnav, M. Provencher, P. Millett and T. Hackett	2011	The influence of arm and shoulder position on the bear-hug, belly-press, and lift-off tests: an electromyographic study		American journal of sports medicine			39		11	2338-46						Journal: Article		The influence of arm and shoulder position on the bear-hug, belly-press, and lift-off tests: an electromyographic study								Pubmed 21300808						CN-00920264				BACKGROUND: Clinical testing for the integrity of the subscapularis muscle includes the belly-press, lift-off, and bear-hug examinations. While these tests have been widely applied in clinical practice, there is considerable variation in arm positioning within each clinical examination. HYPOTHESIS: To determine the ideal arm and shoulder positions for isolating the subscapularis muscle while performing the bear-hug, belly-press, and lift-off tests. Study DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: The activity of 7 muscles was monitored in 20 healthy participants: upper and lower divisions of the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, latissimus dorsi, teres major, triceps, pectoralis major. Electromyogram data were collected and compared across each clinical test at varying arm positions: bear-hug (ideal position, 10° superior, 10° inferior to the shoulder line), belly-press (ideal position, maximum shoulder external rotation, and maximal shoulder internal rotation), and lift-off (ideal position, hand position 5 in. [12.7 cm] superior and 5 in. [12.7 cm] inferior to the midlumbar spine). RESULTS: Regardless of arm and shoulder position, the upper and lower subscapularis muscle activities were significantly greater than all other muscles while performing each test. No significant differences were observed between the upper and lower subscapularis divisions at any position within and across the 3 tests. There were no significant differences in subscapularis electromyogram activities across the 3 tests. CONCLUSION: The level of subscapularis muscle activation was similar among the bear-hug, belly-press, and lift-off tests. The 3 tests activated the subscapularis significantly more than all other muscles tested but were not different from one another when compared across tests and positions. Although the bear-hug and lift-off tests have been described to activate differential portions of the subscapularis, the findings of this study do not support the preferential testing of a specific subscapular division across the 3 tests. As such, all 3 tests are effective in testing the integrity of the entire subscapularis muscle, although there does not appear to be an ideal position for selectively testing its divisions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Clinicians may feel comfortable in using any of the 3 tests, depending on the patient, to isolate the function of the subscapularis as a single muscle. Furthermore, clinicians should not solely focus on a patient's arm position when administering an examination but also compare the affected arm to the contralateral shoulder when appropriate.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/264/CN-00920264/frame.html										
C. Pepine, P. Cohn, P. Deedwania, R. Gibson, E. Handberg, J. Hill, E. Miller, R. Marks and U. Thadani	1994	Effects of treatment on outcome in mildly symptomatic patients with ischemia during daily life. The Atenolol Silent Ischemia Study (ASIST)		Circulation			90		2	762-8						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of treatment on outcome in mildly symptomatic patients with ischemia during daily life. The Atenolol Silent Ischemia Study (ASIST)								Pubmed 8044945						CN-00103299				BACKGROUND: Detection of asymptomatic ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease has been associated with increased risk for adverse outcome, but treatment of patients with asymptomatic ischemia remains controversial. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to determine if treatment reduces adverse outcome in patients with daily life ischemia. METHODS AND RESULTS: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic outpatients with daily life silent ischemia due to coronary artery disease was conducted. The primary outcome measure was event-free survival at 1 year by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Events were death, resuscitated ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, myocardial infarction, hospitalization for unstable angina, aggravation of angina, or revascularization. The secondary outcome was ischemia during ambulatory ECG monitoring at 4 weeks. Three hundred six outpatients with mild or no angina (Canadian Cardiovascular Society class I or II), abnormal exercise tests, and ischemia on ambulatory monitoring were randomized to receive either atenolol (100 mg/d) or placebo. After 4 weeks of treatment, the number (mean +/- SD, 3.6 +/- 4.2 versus 1.7 +/- 4.6 episodes, P < .001) and average duration (30 +/- 3.3 versus 16.4 +/- 6.7 minutes, P < .001) of ischemic episodes per 48 hours of ambulatory monitoring decreased in atenolol- compared with placebo-assigned patients (4.4 +/- 4.6 to 3.1 +/- 6.0 episodes and 36.6 +/- 4.1 to 30 +/- 5.5 minutes). Event-free survival improved in atenolol-treated patients (P < .0066), who had an increased time to onset of first adverse event (120 versus 79 days) and fewer total first events compared with placebo (relative risk, 0.44; 95% confidence intervals, 0.26 to 0.75; P = .001). There was a nonsignificant trend for fewer serious events (death, resuscitation from ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina) in atenolol-treated patients (relative risk, 0.55; 95% confidence intervals, 0.22 to 1.33; P = .175). The most powerful univariate and multivariate correlate of event-free survival was absence of ischemia on ambulatory monitoring at 4 weeks. Side effects were mild and generally similar comparing atenolol- and placebo-treated patients, although bradycardia was more frequent with atenolol. CONCLUSIONS: Atenolol treatment reduced daily life ischemia and was associated with reduced risk for adverse outcome in asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patients compared with placebo.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/299/CN-00103299/frame.html										
F. Perdelli, G. Gallelli, M. Cristina, M. Sartini, D. Panatto, E. Reggiani and P. Orlando	2000	Increased urinary excretion of hydroxyproline in runners training in urban areas		Archives of environmental health			55		6	383-5						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial;		Increased urinary excretion of hydroxyproline in runners training in urban areas								Pubmed 11128874						CN-00326047				In this study, the authors investigated urinary excretion of hydroxyproline in 120 subjects to test the hypothesis that physical activity is associated with increased exposure to pollution derived from traffic exhaust. The study population comprised active noncompetitive runners (i.e., 21.1% trained < 2.5 hr/wk, 20% trained for 2.5-5.0 hr/wk, and 54.4% trained > 5 hr/wk) who lived in Genoa, an urban area of Northern Italy. The mean hydroxyproline value (24.39 +/- 8.38 standard deviation] mg/24 hr x m2) in a group of 69 runners who trained in tracks and streets located in downtown Genoa was higher (p < .05) than the mean value recorded in a group of 21 runners (13.33 +/- 2.51 mg/24 hr x m2) who trained mainly in a rural environment of Genoa. The difference was even greater (p < .01) when a third comparable group of 30 nonrunners was considered (mean = 12.54 +/- 3.41 [standard deviation] mg/24 hr x m2). In the urban environment, urinary levels of hydroxyproline were correlated significantly with intensity and frequency of running, but they were unrelated to smoking status.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/047/CN-00326047/frame.html										
M. Pereira, R. Galvao and M. Zanella	2005	Effects of potassium supplementation by salt on arterial blood pressure and insulin resistance in hypertensive obese patients on diuretic therapy. [Portuguese]		Revista de Nutricao			18		1	5-17						Journal: Article		Effects of potassium supplementation by salt on arterial blood pressure and insulin resistance in hypertensive obese patients on diuretic therapy. [Portuguese]														CN-00569275				Objective: The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of oral potassium supplementation, associated with a hypocaloric diet and aerobic exercises, on plasma potassium levels, blood pressure and insulin resistance, in centrally obese, not well controlled hypertensive patients on diuretic therapy; waist to hip ratio >0.85 in women, and >0.95 in men; systolic blood pressure >140mmHg and <160mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure >90mmHg and <105mmHg. Methods: This was a prospective double-blind randomized study including 22 patients divided in 2 groups: sodium chloride n=10, and potassium chloride n=12. For 12 weeks, each group received cooking salt containing, either 100% sodium chloride, or 50% sodium chloride and 50% potassium chloride. All patients were submitted to a hypocaloric diet and advised to increase their physical activity; a 40-minute walk three times a week. Before and after the study period, all patients were submitted to determinations of body mass index, body composition, waist circumference, sodium and potassium urinary excretions, sodium and potassium serum levels, 24h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, oral glucose tolerance test with serum insulin measurements at fasting and 120 minutes after glucose load, and serum lipid profile. Results: In both groups, no changes were observed in serum sodium and potassium levels, in blood glucose and insulin levels, insulin resistance indexes and serum lipid profile. The body mass index decreased similarly in both groups; 3.5+2.0% in sodium Chloride, and 2.7+3.2% in Potassium Chloride, as well as 24 h systolic ambulatory blood pressure monitoring mean; from 134.7 +14.8 to 130.2+12.6mmHg (p<0.05) in group sodium chloride, and from 128.2+7.4 to 122.9+5.7mmHg (p<0.05) in potassium, and 24h diastolic ambulatory blood pressure monitoring from 84.4+10.2 to 81.4 + 8.9mmHg in sodium chloride, and from 84.0+5.7 to 79.5+3.9mmHg (p<0.05) in group potassium (p<0.05). Changes in 24h systolic ambulatory blood pressure monitoring correlated with changes in the waist circumference, but not with changes in bory mass index when all patients were analyzed together. Serum lipid profile, blood glucose levels and insulin resistance indexes did not differ between groups and did not change during the study. Conclusion: Weight reduction induced by life style changes, promotes reductions in blood pressure, which are proportional to reductions in abdominal fat. Potassium supplementation through cooking salt was insufficient to avoid serum potassium falling during diuretic therapy and did not show any additional beneficial effect on blood pressure or insulin resistance in hypertensive patients with central obesity.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/275/CN-00569275/frame.html										
M. A. Perry, P. A. Hendrick, L. Hale, G. D. Baxter, S. Milosavljevic, S. G. Dean, S. M. McDonough and D. A. Hurley	2010	Utility of the RT3 triaxial accelerometer in free living: an investigation of adherence and data loss		Applied Ergonomics			41		3	469-76					May	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Utility of the RT3 triaxial accelerometer in free living: an investigation of adherence and data loss	Appl Ergon	1872-9126												19875099				There is strong evidence for the protective effects of physical activity on chronic health problems. Activity monitors can objectively measure free living occupational and leisure time physical activity. Utility is an important consideration when determining the most appropriate monitor for specific populations and environments. Hours of activity data collected, the reasons for activity hours not being recorded, and how these two factors might change over time when using an activity monitor in free living are rarely reported. This study investigated user perceptions, adherence to minimal wear time and loss of data when using the RT3 activity monitor in 21 healthy adults, in a variety of occupations, over three (7 day) repeated weeks of measurement in free living. An activity diary verified each day of monitoring and a utility questionnaire explored participant perceptions on the usability of the RT3. The RT3 was worn for an average of 14 h daily with 90% of participants having complete data sets. In total 6535.8 and 6092.5h of activity data were collected from the activity diary and the RT3 respectively. An estimated 443.3h (6.7%) of activity data were not recorded by the RT3. Data loss was primarily due to battery malfunction (45.2%). Non-adherence to wear time accounted for 169.5h (38.2%) of data loss, of which 14 h were due to occupational factors. The RT3 demonstrates good utility for free living activity measurement, however, technical issues and strategies to manage participant adherence require consideration with longitudinal and repeated measures studies. Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Perry, Meredith A
Hendrick, Paul A
Hale, Leigh
Baxter, G David
Milosavljevic, Stephan
Dean, Sarah G
McDonough, Suzanne M
Hurley, Deirdre A		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=19875099http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19875099&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.apergo.2009.10.001&issn=0003-6870&volume=41&issue=3&spage=469&pages=469-76&date=2010&title=Applied+Ergonomics&atitle=Utility+of+the+RT3+triaxial+accelerometer+in+free+living%3A+an+investigation+of+adherence+and+data+loss.&aulast=Perry&pid=%3Cauthor%3EPerry+MA%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19875099%3C%2FAN%3E		Centre for Physiotherapy Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. meredith.perry@otago.ac.nz						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

L. Pescatello, B. Miller, P. Danias, M. Werner, M. Hess, C. Baker and D. S. M. Jane	1999	Dynamic exercise normalizes resting blood pressure in mildly hypertensive premenopausal women		American heart journal			138		5 Pt 1	916-21						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Dynamic exercise normalizes resting blood pressure in mildly hypertensive premenopausal women								Pubmed 10539823						CN-00447184				BACKGROUND: Dynamic exercise acutely and transiently lowers resting blood pressure in hypertensive men and is termed postexercise hypotension (PEH). We examined 18 premenopausal women (7 hypertensive and 11 normotensive) to determine if PEH occurs in women and to elucidate possible hemodynamic and hormonal mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients wore an ambulatory blood pressure monitor throughout the day after 40 minutes of a rest sham session and 40 minutes of cycle exercise, of which 30 minutes was performed at 60% of maximal oxygen consumption. Cardiac output and total systemic vascular resistance were determined by Doppler echocardiography before and 15 minutes after sham and exercise. Catecholamines, plasma renin activity, and beta-endorphin were measured over this same period. PEH occurred only in the hypertensive women. Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure decreased in the hypertensive women by a mean of 9.5 +/- 2. 8 mm Hg (P <.01), 6.7 +/- 2.4 mm Hg (P <.05), and 7.7 +/- 2.4 mm Hg (P <.05), respectively, for up to 7 hours after versus before exercise, whereas blood pressure was similar in the normotensive women (P >.05). After exercise, total systemic vascular resistance was lower (P <.01), and cardiac output, catecholamines, and plasma renin activity were greater (P <.01) than before exercise in both groups of women. CONCLUSIONS: PEH was observed for up to 7 hours after exercise in mildly hypertensive women and was not explained by the hemodynamic and hormonal adjustments that occurred after exercise. The magnitude and duration of PEH may be sufficient to normalize the blood pressure of certain hypertensive women throughout most of the day.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/184/CN-00447184/frame.html										
K. Peterson, W. Samuelson, D. Ryujin, D. Young, K. Thomas, K. Hilden and J. Fang	2009	The role of gastroesophageal reflux in exercise-triggered asthma: a randomized controlled trial		Digestive diseases and sciences			54		3	564-71						Randomized Controlled Trial		The role of gastroesophageal reflux in exercise-triggered asthma: a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 18688720						CN-00681864				BACKGROUND: Exercise-triggered asthma (ETA) develops when physical activity triggers asthma symptoms during or directly after exercise. In patients prone to symptoms of supra-esophageal reflux, exercise may trigger gastroesophageal reflux (GER), resulting in such symptoms. AIMS: To determine the prevalence of abnormal pH in patients with ETA and to determine whether acid suppression improves symptoms in ETA patients. METHODS: We performed a randomized double-blind trial of rabeprazole versus placebo in the treatment of patients with ETA. Patients underwent treadmill protocol to determine their VO(2 max). Next, pH testing was initiated while undergoing a 30-min treadmill program exercising them at 65% of their VO(2 max). They were subsequently randomized to rabeprazole or placebo for 10 weeks. At the end of 10 weeks, exercise testing was repeated. RESULTS: A total of 31 patients completed the study (20 asthmatics, 11 non-asthmatics). Twenty-two out of 30 (73%) subjects had abnormal pH studies. For all subjects, rabeprazole improved symptoms more than placebo (P = 0.03). The association was stronger in the pH-positive group (P = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Acid reflux is common in ETA patients. Many patients with exercise-related respiratory symptoms are misdiagnosed as chronic asthmatics. Exercise-related symptoms improve with the use of acid suppression. This study suggests that ETA patients may benefit from acid suppression.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/864/CN-00681864/frame.html										
J. Petrofsky	2011	The effect of type-2-diabetes-related vascular endothelial dysfunction on skin physiology and activities of daily living		Journal of diabetes science and technology			5		3	657-67						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The effect of type-2-diabetes-related vascular endothelial dysfunction on skin physiology and activities of daily living								Pubmed 21722580						CN-00814324				A common factor contributing to organ damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is impaired tissue blood flow caused by damage to vascular endothelial cells (VECs). Damage can occur even before the clinical diagnosis of diabetes. It can be caused by both a high average blood glucose concentration and/or large daily spikes in blood glucose. While much of the present literature focuses on the damage to VECs and organs from these large glucose excursions, this review will focus on the consequence of this damage, that is, how endothelial cell damage in diabetes affects normal daily activities (e.g., exercise, reaction to typical stimuli) and various treatment modalities (e.g.. contrast baths and electrical stimulation therapy). It is important to understand the effects of VEC damage such as poor skin blood flow, compromised thermoregulation, and altered response to skin pressure in designing diabetes technologies as simple as heating pads and as complex as continuous glucose monitors. At the simplest level, people with diabetes have poor circulation to the skin and other organs. In the skin, even the blood flow response to locally applied pressure, such as during standing, is different than for people who do not have T2DM. Simple weight bearing on the foot can occlude the skin circulation. This makes the skin more susceptible to damage. In addition, endothelial damage has far-reaching effects on the whole body during normal activities of daily living, including an impaired response to local heat, such as hot packs and contrast baths, and higher body temperatures during whole body heating due to impaired blood flow and a reduced ability to sweat. Finally, because of multiple organ damage, people with T2DM have poor balance and gait and impaired exercise performance.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/324/CN-00814324/frame.html										
L. Pfaeffli, R. Maddison, R. Whittaker, R. Stewart, A. Kerr, Y. Jiang, G. Kira, K. Carter and L. Dalleck	2012	A mHealth cardiac rehabilitation exercise intervention: findings from content development studies		BMC cardiovascular disorders			12			36						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		A mHealth cardiac rehabilitation exercise intervention: findings from content development studies								Pubmed 22646848						CN-00848544				BACKGROUND: Involving stakeholders and consumers throughout the content and study design ensures interventions are engaging and relevant for end-users. The aim of this paper is to present the content development process for a mHealth (mobile phone and internet-based) cardiac rehabilitation (CR) exercise intervention. METHODS: An innovative mHealth intervention was developed with patient input using the following steps: conceptualization, formative research, pre-testing, and pilot testing. Conceptualization, including theoretical and technical aspects, was undertaken by experts. For the formative component, focus groups and interviews with cardiac patients were conducted to discuss their perceptions of a mHealth CR program. A general inductive thematic approach identified common themes. A preliminary library of text and video messages were then developed. Participants were recruited from CR education sessions to pre-test and provide feedback on the content using an online survey. Common responses were extracted and compiled. An iterative process was used to refine content prior to pilot testing and conduct of a randomized controlled trial. RESULTS: 38 CR patients and 3 CR nurses participated in the formative research and 20 CR patients participated in the content pre-testing. Participants perceived the mHealth program as an effective approach to inform and motivate patients to exercise. For the qualitative study, 100% (n = 41) of participants thought it to be a good idea, and 11% of participants felt it might not be useful for them, but would be for others. Of the 20 participants who completed the online survey, 17 out of 20 (85%) stated they would sign up to a program where they could receive information by video messages on a website, and 12 out of 20 (60%) showed interest in a texting program. Some older CR patients viewed technology as a potential barrier as they were unfamiliar with text messaging or did not have mobile phones. Steps to instruct participants to receive texts and view the website were written into the study protocol. Suggestions to improve videos and wording of texts were fed back to the content development team and refined. CONCLUSIONS: Most participants thought a mHealth exercise program was an effective way to deliver exercise-based CR. The results were used to develop an innovative multimedia exercise intervention. A randomized controlled trial is currently underway. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ACTRN12611000117910.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/544/CN-00848544/frame.html										
K. Pfeiffer, R. Saunders, W. Brown, M. Dowda, C. Addy and R. Pate	2013	Study of Health and Activity in Preschool Environments (SHAPES): study protocol for a randomized trial evaluating a multi-component physical activity intervention in preschool children		BMC public health			13			728						Journal: Article		Study of Health and Activity in Preschool Environments (SHAPES): study protocol for a randomized trial evaluating a multi-component physical activity intervention in preschool children								Pubmed 23919808						CN-00959556				BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity is a recognized public health concern. Inadequate proportions of children in the U.S, including those of preschool age, are meeting physical activity recommendations. In response to low numbers of preschool children attaining appropriate physical activity levels, combined with the large number of young children who attend preschool, researchers have identified the need to devise interventions to increase physical activity at preschools. However, few multi-component interventions to increase physical activity in preschool children exist. The aims of this study were to observe the effects of a multi-component intervention on physical activity, sedentary behavior, and physical activity energy expenditure in 3-5 year-old children; identify factors that associate with change in those variables; and evaluate the process of implementing the multi-component intervention. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the study design and intervention protocol. METHODS/DESIGN: The overall design of the Study of Health and Activity in Preschool Environments (SHAPES) was a two-year randomized trial (nested cohort design), with two conditions, two measurement occasions, and preschool serving as the unit of analysis. Sixteen schools (eight intervention and eight control) were enrolled. The intervention protocol was based on the social ecological model and included four main components: (a) indoor physical activity ("move inside"), (b) recess ("move outside"), (c) daily lessons ("move to learn"), and (d) social environment. Components were implemented using teacher and administrator trainings and workshops, site support visits, newsletters, and self-monitoring methods. Outcomes included accelerometer assessment of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and physical activity energy expenditure; weight status; and demographic factors; family/home social and physical environment; and parental characteristics. An extensive process evaluation battery was also used to monitor dose delivered by interventionists, completeness of intervention component delivery by teachers, and fidelity of teachers' implementation. DISCUSSION: The study will address important gaps relative to increasing physical activity in preschool children. Few studies to date have incorporated a multi-component approach, rigorous measurement protocol, and thorough evaluation of intervention implementation.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/556/CN-00959556/frame.html										
P. Phongsavan, D. Merom, R. Wagner, T. Chey, B. Hofe, D. Silove and A. Bauman	2008	Process evaluation in an intervention designed to promote physical activity among adults with anxiety disorders: evidence of acceptability and adherence		Health promotion journal of Australia			19		2	137-43						Randomized Controlled Trial		Process evaluation in an intervention designed to promote physical activity among adults with anxiety disorders: evidence of acceptability and adherence								Pubmed 18647128						CN-00649909				ISSUE ADDRESSED: To assess the adherence and acceptability of a physical activity program delivered as an adjunct to the usual cognitive behavioural group therapy (CBGT) for adults with anxiety disorders. METHODS: Seventy-three participants with either a generalised anxiety disorder, social phobia or panic disorder were randomised to either exercise-enhanced CBGT (CBGT+EX) or the usual CBGT plus nutrition education (CBGT+ED) group. Physical activity, stress, anxiety, depression were assessed at baseline; session attendance, compliance and satisfaction were assessed during the eight-week intervention. RESULTS: Forty-five per cent of participants achieved the recommended levels of physical activity for health at baseline. The proportions of participants attending group meetings declined over time across both groups. In the intervention groups (CBGT+EX), a slightly higher proportion of participants attended the CBGT session than the physical activity sessions. Individuals with social phobia were significantly more likely than those with panic or generalised anxiety disorder to adhere to the physical activity program. Among the remaining adherers, most reported satisfaction with their skills development and better understanding of the benefits of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Time constraints and participants viewing physical activities as irrelevant or detracting them from their psychological treatment are potential factors contributing to low adherence and present as challenges in implementing a physical activity program as adjunctive to psychological treatment. Process evaluation data helped profile participants who adhered or not adhered to the physical activity program and will inform future physical activity promotion to individuals with anxiety disorders.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/909/CN-00649909/frame.html										
P. Pieragnoli, A. Colella, A. Michelucci, N. Giusti, C. Militello, R. Audoglio and L. Padeletti	2003	A new algorithm for closed-loop stimulation: a feasibility study		Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE			26		1 Pt 2	229-32						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		A new algorithm for closed-loop stimulation: a feasibility study								Pubmed 12687818						CN-00436525				Closed-loop stimulation (CLS) is a physiological system for adaptive rate pacing based on monitoring and processing of the intracardiac impedance. The "standard" CLS algorithm (SCLS) requires continuous ventricular pacing. A new, enhanced CLS algorithm (ECLS) provides rate modulation during sensed and paced ventricular depolarizations. The aim of this study was to validate ECLS and to compare its effectiveness with that of SCLS. Ten patients received Inos2+ CLS pulse generators. SCLS and ECLS were uploaded to the device and evaluated in a randomized, crossover fashion at 30 and 45 days after pacemaker implantation. At each follow-up visit, ambulatory and posture tests were performed. Heart rate (HR) during daily activity was evaluated based on 24-hour Holter recordings. During all phases of the ambulatory test, both algorithms provided physiologically appropriate rates in all patients. The proportion of sensed ventricular events was significantly higher in ECLS (93.9%) than in SCLS (0.7%). The proportion of paced ventricular events during 24 hours was substantially lower with ECLS (25.7%) than with SCLS (98.4%). Postural changes did not influence HR with either algorithm. The Holter recordings indicated prompt, safe, and effective rate modulation appropriate to patients activity. In conclusion, analysis of these clinical data demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of the ECLS algorithm. Moreover, with this algorithm the ventricle is paced only when required, which may be expected to retard battery depletion and retain the natural ventricular activation pattern whenever possible.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/525/CN-00436525/frame.html										
F. Pigozzi, A. Alabiso, A. Parisi, V. Salvo, L. Luigi, A. Spataro and F. Iellamo	2001	Effects of aerobic exercise training on 24 hr profile of heart rate variability in female athletes		Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness			41		1	101-7						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Effects of aerobic exercise training on 24 hr profile of heart rate variability in female athletes								Pubmed 11317156						CN-00347462				BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise training on autonomic regulation of heart rate under daily life conditions. METHODS: Twenty-six healthy female athletes (age 24.5 +/- 1.9 yrs) involved in regular physical activity were recruited during a period of yearly rest and randomly assigned to a five-week aerobic exercise training program (n = 13) or to a non-exercise control group (n = 13). MEASURES: Before and after the five-week training, all subjects underwent a bycicle ergometer stress test and a 24-hour dynamic ECG monitoring. Autonomic regulation of heart rate has been investigated by means of both time and frequency domain analyses of heart rate variability (HRV). Spectral analysis of R-R interval variability (autoregressive algorithm) provided markers of sympathetic (low frequency, LF, 0.10 Hz) and parasympathetic (high frequency, HF, 0.25 Hz) modulation of the sinus node. RESULTS: Trained subjects showed a reduced heart rate response to submaximal workload. Before training there was no significant difference between the two groups. After training resting heart rate did not significantly differ between trained and untrained subjects. No significant differences were observed in the different time domain indexes of heart rate variability. The day-night difference in SD and SDRR were significantly less in the trained as compared to the untrained group. Normalized LF and HF components did not significantly differ between trained and untrained subjects, during the awake period. The decrease in the LF and the increase in the HF component during nighttime were significantly less in the trained group. The LF/HF ratio was significantly decreased during the night in the untrained group whereas it was not significantly different from the awake state in the trained group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings of the relative night-time increase in LF and the decrease in the day-night difference in time domain indexes of heart rate variability suggest that, in young female athletes, exercise training is able to induce an increase in the sympathetic modulation of the sinus node which may coexist with signs of relatively reduced, or unaffected, vagal modulation.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/462/CN-00347462/frame.html										
E. Pilat, R. Mlynarski, A. Wlodyka and W. Kargul	2008	Influence of DDD rate response pacing with integrated double sensors on physical efficiency and quality of life		Europace			10		10	1189-94						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Influence of DDD rate response pacing with integrated double sensors on physical efficiency and quality of life								Pubmed 18713758						CN-00668293				AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the use of a double sensor gives additional benefits for patients in improving physical efficiency as well as quality of life (QoL) as compared to the accelerometer sensor alone. METHODS AND RESULTS: The presented research is a prospective, randomized, single-blind clinical trial. Double-sensor (accelerometer and minute-ventilation) pacemakers (Guidant, Pulsar Max DR) were implanted in 20 patients with sinus node dysfunction (SND) and chronotropic incompetence. After randomization, patients were placed in one of two groups: 1, only the accelerometer sensor was activated; 2, both sensors were activated. After a 3-month follow-up, an initial cardio-pulmonary exercise test was performed, after which the patients were placed in the opposite group for a further 3 months. Finally, the second tests were performed. In 75% of the patients an improvement in QoL was observed in the double-sensor group (P = 0.0242) when compared with the single-sensor group. The addition of a ventilating sensor had no influence on the duration of exercise test (A: 11 +/- 3.19 vs. B: 11 +/- 2.92 P = 1.0000). The parameters of cardio-pulmonary exercise tests recorded in situations A and B before exertion, and 6 minutes after exertion were not statistically different. CONCLUSION: The use of double-sensor pacemakers does not improve physical efficiency; however, it does improve QoL.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/293/CN-00668293/frame.html										
J. Pillay, T. Kolbe-Alexander, K. Proper, W. Mechelen and E. Lambert	2012	Steps that count! The development of a pedometer-based health promotion intervention in an employed, health insured South African population		BMC public health			12			880						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Steps that count! The development of a pedometer-based health promotion intervention in an employed, health insured South African population								Pubmed 23075000						CN-00848299				BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) has been identified as a central component in the promotion of health. PA programs can provide a low cost intervention opportunity, encouraging PA behavioral change while worksites have been shown to be an appropriate setting for implementing such health promotion programs. Along with these trends, there has been an emergence of the use of pedometers as a self-monitoring and motivational aid for PA.This study determines the effectiveness of a worksite health promotion program comprising of a 10-week, pedometer-based intervention ("Steps that Count!"), and individualized email-based feedback to effect PA behavioral change. METHODS: The study is a randomized controlled trial in a worksite setting, using pedometers and individualized email-based feedback to increase steps per day (steps/d). Participant selection will be based on attendance at a corporate wellness event and information obtained, following the completion of a Health Risk Appraisal (HRA), in keeping with inclusion criteria for the study. All participants will, at week 1 (pre-intervention), be provided with a blinded pedometer to assess baseline levels of PA. Participants will be provided with feedback on pedometer data and identify strategies to improve daily PA towards current PA recommendations. Participants will thereafter be randomly assigned to the intervention group (INT) or control group (CTL). The INT will subsequently wear an un-blinded pedometer for 10 consecutive weeks.Individualized feedback messages based on average steps per day, derived from pedometer data (INT) and general supportive/motivational messages (INT+CTL), will be provided via bi-weekly e-mails; blinded pedometer-wear will be conducted at week 12 (post-intervention: INT+CTL). DISCUSSION: The purpose of this paper is to outline the rationale behind, and the development of, an intervention aimed at improving ambulatory PA through pedometer use, combined with regular, individualized, email-based feedback. Pedometer-measured PA and individualized feedback may be a practical and easily applied intervention.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/299/CN-00848299/frame.html										
B. Pinto, G. Frierson, C. Rabin, J. Trunzo and B. Marcus	2005	Home-based physical activity intervention for breast cancer patients		Journal of clinical oncology			23		15	3577-87						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Home-based physical activity intervention for breast cancer patients								Pubmed 15908668						CN-00513372				PURPOSE: The efficacy of a home-based physical activity (PA) intervention for early-stage breast cancer patients was evaluated in a randomized controlled trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty-six sedentary women (mean age, 53.14 years; standard deviation, 9.70 years) who had completed treatment for stage 0 to II breast cancer were randomly assigned to a PA or contact control group. Participants in the PA group received 12 weeks of PA counseling (based on the Transtheoretical Model) delivered via telephone, as well as weekly exercise tip sheets. Assessments were conducted at baseline, after treatment (12 weeks), and 6 and 9 month after baseline follow-ups. The post-treatment outcomes are reported here. RESULTS: Analyses showed that, after treatment, the PA group reported significantly more total minutes of PA, more minutes of moderate-intensity PA, and higher energy expenditure per week than controls. The PA group also out-performed controls on a field test of fitness. Changes in PA were not reflected in objective activity monitoring. The PA group was more likely than controls to progress in motivational readiness for PA and to meet PA guidelines. No significant group differences were found in body mass index and percent body fat. Post-treatment group comparisons revealed significant improvements in vigor and a reduction in fatigue in the PA group. There was a positive trend in intervention effects on overall mood and body esteem. CONCLUSION: The intervention successfully increased PA and improved fitness and specific aspects of psychological well-being among early-stage breast cancer patients. The success of a home-based PA intervention has important implications for promoting recovery in this population.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/372/CN-00513372/frame.html										
B. Pinto, M. Goldstein, J. Ashba, C. Sciamanna and A. Jette	2005	Randomized controlled trial of physical activity counseling for older primary care patients		American journal of preventive medicine			29		4	247-55						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Randomized controlled trial of physical activity counseling for older primary care patients								Pubmed 16242586						CN-00552642				BACKGROUND: Regular physical activity reduces the risk for chronic diseases among older adults. Older adults are likely to be seen by primary care clinicians who can play a role in promoting physical activity among their patients. DESIGN: In this randomized controlled trial (1998-2003; data analyzed 2004-2005), we compared the effects of brief advice to exercise from a clinician supplemented by telephone-based counseling by health educators (extended advice) to brief advice from a clinician alone (brief advice). SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: A total of 100 primary care patients (63.2% female, 14.7% minority, mean age=68.5 years) participated in the trial. INTERVENTIONS: The extended-advice intervention consisted of clinician advice plus exercise counseling via telephone provided by research staff, and the brief advice condition consisted of clinician advice alone. Both interventions focused on promoting moderate-intensity physical activity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported physical activity using the 7-Day Physical Activity Recall instrument and objective activity monitoring using Biotrainers were assessed at baseline, and at 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: Participants in the extended-advice arm reported significantly greater participation in moderate-intensity physical activity than the brief-advice group at 3 months (+57.69 minutes vs 12.45 minutes; 3.84 kcal/week vs 0.83 kcal/week) and 6 months (+62.84 minutes vs 16.60 minutes; 4.19 kcal/week vs 1.1 kcal/week). Objective activity monitoring also showed significantly increased physical activity among extended-advice versus brief-advice participants at both time points (+50.79 vs -11.11; +42.39 vs -24.18, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that clinician advice with follow-up counseling can promote adoption of moderate-intensity physical activity among older, primary care patients.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/642/CN-00552642/frame.html										
S. Pitale, D. Kernan-Schroeder, N. Emanuele, C. Sawin, J. Sacks and C. Abraira	2005	Health-related quality of life in the VA Feasibility Study on glycemic control and complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus		Journal of diabetes and its complications			19		4	207-11						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Health-related quality of life in the VA Feasibility Study on glycemic control and complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus								Pubmed 15993354						CN-00528778				OBJECTIVE: The Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Feasibility Trial (VA CSDM) studied standard and intensive glycemic treatment groups, achieving and maintaining for 27 months a difference in HbA1c of 2.1% (9.2% vs. 7.1%, respectively). A substudy planned in advance examined health status as assessed by a health status questionnaire obtained at baseline and 24 months. DESIGN AND METHODS: A randomized, prospective trial was carried out at five VA Medical Centers from 1990 to 1993. The sample involved 153 male veterans 40-69 years of age and with diabetes duration of 8+/-4 years, who were suboptimally controlled with standard glucose lowering treatment. The participants were randomized to intensive and standard treatment groups. In addition to a variety of indicators of glycemic control and complications, health-related qualify of life data were assessed using a 20-question version of the Medical Outcome Study instrument. Scores were evaluated at baseline and 24 months for changes between the treatment groups. RESULTS: The two groups were similar at baseline with respect to age, duration of diabetes, complications, comorbidities, and reported physical activity. The intensive treatment group had more frequent, mandatory self-glucose monitoring (vs. occasional measurement in the standard) and received two or more daily insulin injections (only one in the standard). This group had three times the number of clinic visits and 10-fold higher reported incidence of mild/moderate hypoglycemia. There were no significant changes in the health status over time in either the standard or intensive treatment groups, nor was there a difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive glucose control in advanced Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has no effect on health status over 2 years. The successful lowering of glycemia does not improve health-related quality of life nor do the increased demands of an intensive therapy regimen worsen it.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/778/CN-00528778/frame.html										
E. Pitchford and J. Yun	2010	The accuracy of pedometers for adults with Down syndrome		Adapted physical activity quarterly			27		4	321-36						Controlled Clinical Trial;		The accuracy of pedometers for adults with Down syndrome								Pubmed 20956838						CN-00772730				The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of spring-levered and piezoelectric pedometers for adults with and without Down syndrome (DS). Twenty adults with DS and 24 adults without a disability walked for two minute periods on a predetermined indoor course at a self-selected, slower and faster pace. Pedometer recorded and criterion observed steps were compared to determine pedometer error. There was a significant interaction between pedometer model and walking speed. Piezoelectric pedometers demonstrated significantly less measurement error than spring-levered pedometers, particularly at slower walking speeds. There were also significant differences in pedometer error between adults with and without DS. The study concludes that pedometer measurement error is significantly different for adults with DS but also that piezoelectric pedometers can be used in the future to measure walking activity for adults with and without DS.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/730/CN-00772730/frame.html										
F. Pitta, T. Troosters, V. S. Probst, S. Lucas, M. Decramer and R. Gosselink	2006	Potential consequences for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients who do not get the recommended minimum daily amount of physical activity		Jornal Brasileiro De Pneumologia: Publicacao Oficial Da Sociedade Brasileira De Pneumologia E Tisilogia			32		4	301-8					Jul-Aug	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Potential consequences for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients who do not get the recommended minimum daily amount of physical activity	J Bras Pneumol	1806-3756												17268729				OBJECTIVE: The present study attempted to determine whether patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) get the minimum daily amount of physical activity recommended in the guidelines established by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), as well as to characterize the consequences of noncompliance with those guidelines.
METHODS: This study involved 23 patients (median age: 61--range, 59-69 years; FEV1: 39% of predicted--range, 34-53%; BMI: 24 kg/m(2)--range, 21-27 kg/m(2)). The following parameters were evaluated: daily physical activity (DynaPort activity monitor); pulmonary function; muscle force; exercise tolerance; quality of life; functional status; and various indices of disease severity (GOLD, BODE and MRC).
RESULTS: Based on compliance with the guidelines (minimum of 30 minutes of walking per day), 12 patients were considered "physically active", and 11 were considered "physically inactive". No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of age, gender, BMI, muscle force, ventilatory reserve, hyperinflation or quality of life. The inactive group presented more impaired pulmonary function and lower exercise tolerance, as well as lower MRC and BODE scores (p < 0.05). In their daily life, patients in the inactive group also walked for less time and more slowly than did those in the active group (p < 0.05). The MRC and BODE indices were superior to the GOLD index in predicting compliance with the guidelines, both presenting a specificity of 0.83, compared with 0.50 for the GOLD index. The BODE index score increased significantly with each day of inactivity.
CONCLUSION: A large number of COPD patients do not walk more than 30 minutes per day and are therefore not getting the minimum daily amount of physical activity recommended by the ACSM. Inactivity correlates with a higher mortality rate. The MRC and BODE indices proved superior to the GOLD index in predicting whether patients are physically inactive in their daily lives.	Pitta, Fabio
Troosters, Thierry
Probst, Vanessa S
Lucas, Sarah
Decramer, Marc
Gosselink, Rik		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17268729http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:17268729&id=doi:&issn=1806-3713&volume=32&issue=4&spage=301&pages=301-8&date=2006&title=Jornal+Brasileiro+De+Pneumologia%3A+Publicacao+Oficial+Da+Sociedade+Brasileira+De+Pneumologia+E+Tisilogia&atitle=Potential+consequences+for+stable+chronic+obstructive+pulmonary+disease+patients+who+do+not+get+the+recommended+minimum+daily+amount+of+physical+activity.&aulast=Pitta&pid=%3Cauthor%3EPitta+F%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E17268729%3C%2FAN%3E		Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Estadual de LondrinaParana, Brasil. fabiopitta@uol.com.br						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English
Portuguese

F. Pitta, T. Troosters, V. S. Probst, M. A. Spruit, M. Decramer and R. Gosselink	2006	Physical activity and hospitalization for exacerbation of COPD		Chest			129		3	536-44					Mar	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Physical activity and hospitalization for exacerbation of COPD	Chest	0012-3692												16537849				BACKGROUND: Acute exacerbations (AEs) have a negative impact on various aspects of the progression of COPD, but objective and detailed data on the impact of hospitalizations for an AE on physical activity are not available. Objective and measurements: We aimed to investigate physical activity using an activity monitor (DynaPort; McRoberts; the Hague, the Netherlands), pulmonary function, muscle force, 6-min walking distance, and arterial blood gas levels in 17 patients (mean age, 69 +/- 9 years [+/- SD]; body mass index, 24 +/- 5 kg/m(2)) at the beginning and end of a hospitalization period for an AE and 1 month after discharge.
RESULTS: Time spent on weight-bearing activities (walking and standing) was markedly low both at day 2 and day 7 of hospitalization (median, 7%; interquartile range [IQR], 3 to 18% of the time during the day; and median, 9%; IQR, 7 to 21%, respectively) and 1 month after discharge (median, 19% [IQR, 10 to 34%]; Friedman test, p = 0.13). Time spent on weight-bearing activities was positively correlated to quadriceps force at the end of the hospitalization period (r = 0.47; p = 0.048). Patients with hospitalization for an AE in the previous year had an even lower activity level when compared to those without a recent hospitalization. In addition, patients with a lower activity level at 1 month after discharge were more likely to be readmitted in the following year.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with COPD are markedly inactive during and after hospitalization for an AE. Efforts to enhance physical activity should be among the aims of the disease management during and following the AE periods.	Pitta, Fabio
Troosters, Thierry
Probst, Vanessa S
Spruit, Martijn A
Decramer, Marc
Gosselink, Rik		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16537849http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:16537849&id=doi:&issn=0012-3692&volume=129&issue=3&spage=536&pages=536-44&date=2006&title=Chest&atitle=Physical+activity+and+hospitalization+for+exacerbation+of+COPD.&aulast=Pitta&pid=%3Cauthor%3EPitta+F%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E16537849%3C%2FAN%3E		Respiratory Rehabilitation and Respiratory Division, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

F. Pitta, T. Troosters, M. A. Spruit, M. Decramer and R. Gosselink	2005	Activity monitoring for assessment of physical activities in daily life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease		Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation			86		10	1979-85					Oct	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Activity monitoring for assessment of physical activities in daily life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	Arch Phys Med Rehabil	0003-9993												16213242				OBJECTIVE: To investigate the degree of agreement between different methods of assessing physical activities in daily life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): video recordings (criterion standard), the DynaPort Activity Monitor (DAM), and patient self-report.
DESIGN: Study A: outcomes from video recordings were compared with DAM outcomes and with patient estimation of time spent on each activity after a 1-hour protocol including walking, cycling, standing, sitting, and lying. Study B: DAM outcomes and patient self-report were compared during 1 day in real life.
SETTING: Outpatient clinic in a university hospital.
PARTICIPANTS: Study A: 10 patients with COPD (mean age, 62+/-6 y; forced expiratory volume in the first second [FEV1]=40%+/-16% of predicted). Study B: 13 patients with COPD (mean age, 61+/-8 y; FEV1=33%+/-10% of predicted).
INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Time spent on different activities and movement intensity during walking and cycling.
RESULTS: Study A: time estimated by the patients in the sitting position was significantly lower than the time showed by the video recordings and the DAM (both P<.001). For the other variables, there were no statistically significant differences (all P>.05). However, Bland and Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients showed large disagreement between video recordings and patients' estimations, in contrast to the high degree of agreement between video recordings and DAM. Changes in walking speed correlated highly to changes in DAM movement intensity (r=.81, P<.01). Study B: patients significantly overestimated walking time (22+/-47 min, P=.04) and underestimated standing time (-45+/-71 min, P=.04).
CONCLUSIONS: The DAM showed high accuracy in objectively assessing time spent on different activities and changes in walking speed in patients with COPD. Patients' estimations of time spent on physical activities in daily life disagreed with objective assessment.	Pitta, Fabio
Troosters, Thierry
Spruit, Martijn A
Decramer, Marc
Gosselink, Rik		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16213242http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:16213242&id=doi:&issn=0003-9993&volume=86&issue=10&spage=1979&pages=1979-85&date=2005&title=Archives+of+Physical+Medicine+%26+Rehabilitation&atitle=Activity+monitoring+for+assessment+of+physical+activities+in+daily+life+in+patients+with+chronic+obstructive+pulmonary+disease.&aulast=Pitta&pid=%3Cauthor%3EPitta+F%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E16213242%3C%2FAN%3E		Respiratory Rehabilitation and Respiratory Division, University Hospitals, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

F. Pitta, T. Troosters, M. A. Spruit, V. S. Probst, M. Decramer and R. Gosselink	2005	Characteristics of physical activities in daily life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease		American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine			171		9	972-7					May 1	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Characteristics of physical activities in daily life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	Am J Respir Crit Care Med	1073-449X												15665324				Quantification of physical activities in daily life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has increasing clinical interest. However, detailed comparison with healthy subjects is not available. Furthermore, it is unknown whether time spent actively during daily life is related to lung function, muscle force, or maximal and functional exercise capacity. We assessed physical activities and movement intensity with the DynaPort activity monitor in 50 patients (age 64 +/- 7 years; FEV1 43 +/- 18% predicted) and 25 healthy elderly individuals (age 66 +/- 5 years). Patients showed lower walking time (44 +/- 26 vs. 81 +/- 26 minutes/day), standing time (191 +/- 99 vs. 295 +/- 109 minutes/day), and movement intensity during walking (1.8 +/- 0.3 vs. 2.4 +/- 0.5 m/second2; p < 0.0001 for all), as well as higher sitting time (374 +/- 139 vs. 306 +/- 108 minutes/day; p = 0.04) and lying time (87 +/- 97 vs. 29 +/- 33 minutes/day; p = 0.004). Walking time was highly correlated with the 6-minute walking test (r = 0.76, p < 0.0001) and more modestly to maximal exercise capacity, lung function, and muscle force (0.28 < r < 0.64, p < 0.05). Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are markedly inactive in daily life. Functional exercise capacity is the strongest correlate of physical activities in daily life.	Pitta, Fabio
Troosters, Thierry
Spruit, Martijn A
Probst, Vanessa S
Decramer, Marc
Gosselink, Rik		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15665324http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:15665324&id=doi:&issn=1073-449X&volume=171&issue=9&spage=972&pages=972-7&date=2005&title=American+Journal+of+Respiratory+%26+Critical+Care+Medicine&atitle=Characteristics+of+physical+activities+in+daily+life+in+chronic+obstructive+pulmonary+disease.&aulast=Pitta&pid=%3Cauthor%3EPitta+F%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E15665324%3C%2FAN%3E		Respiratory Rehabilitation and Respiratory Division, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. R. Piva, G. J. Almeida and M. C. Wasko	2010	Association of physical function and physical activity in women with rheumatoid arthritis		Arthritis care & research			62		8	1144-51					Aug	Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Association of physical function and physical activity in women with rheumatoid arthritis	Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)	2151-4658					NIHMS221929
PMC2921032							20235187				OBJECTIVE: To explore the associations between measures of physical activity (PA) and measures of physical function (PF) in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We hypothesized that the strength of the associations between PA and PF would be moderate, and that after controlling for social and biomedical characteristics, the associations would decrease.
METHODS: Women with RA (n = 47, mean +/- SD age 56.5 +/- 7.0 years) participated in the cross-sectional analysis of this study. Social and biomedical characteristics explored included age, ethnicity, disease duration, marital and educational status, height, weight, comorbidity, and disease activity. PF was measured by the self-reported Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and by a battery of performance-based measures that included self-selected gait speed, the 5 chair rise test, and the single leg stance test. PA was measured by a portable activity monitor worn for 10 days, and was characterized in 2 ways: daily average number of steps and daily energy expenditure during moderate levels of PA.
RESULTS: Correlations between measures of PA and PF were small to moderate (zero-order correlations = 0.189-0.479). After controlling for social and biomedical characteristics, the correlations became smaller (semi-partial correlations = 0.095-0.277) and only HAQ score remained significantly associated with PA.
CONCLUSION: Associations between measures of PA and measures of PF were explained, in part, by social and biomedical characteristics in women with RA. The results indicate that measures of PF and PA may represent different constructs and support the need to measure PA in rehabilitation research in RA.	Piva, Sara R
Almeida, Gustavo J M
Wasko, Mary Chester M
K01 HD058035 (United States NICHD NIH HHS)
K01 HD058035-01A1 (United States NICHD NIH HHS)
K01 HD058035-03 (United States NICHD NIH HHS)
UL1 RR024153 (United States NCRR NIH HHS)
UL1 RR024153-01 (United States NCRR NIH HHS)
UL1-RR024153 (United States NCRR NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=20235187http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:20235187&id=doi:10.1002%2Facr.20177&issn=2151-464X&volume=62&issue=8&spage=1144&pages=1144-51&date=2010&title=Arthritis+care+%26+research&atitle=Association+of+physical+function+and+physical+activity+in+women+with+rheumatoid+arthritis.&aulast=Piva&pid=%3Cauthor%3EPiva+SR%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E20235187%3C%2FAN%3E		University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA. spiva@pitt.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

T. G. Plante, L. Coscarelli, D. Caputo and M. Oppezzo	2000	Perceived fitness predicts daily coping better than physical activity or aerobic fitness		International Journal of Stress Management			7		3	181-192					Jul	Empirical Study		Perceived fitness predicts daily coping better than physical activity or aerobic fitness		1072-5245
1573-3424												2000-05578-002				Evaluated the association between perceived physical fitness, actual fitness measured by V02max, daily physical activity measured by an ambulatory activity monitor, and coping with daily stress. 130 Ss (aged 18-66 yrs) completed a series of questionnaires measuring perceived fitness as well as daily stress and coping levels each day for 1 wk. Ss were also provided with a digital physical activity monitor and instructed to wear it throughout the 7 day assessment period. Upon completion of the week evaluation, Ss then were evaluated for actual physical fitness by treadmill testing. Multiple regression and effect size analysis revealed that perceived fitness predicted daily coping better than actual fitness and daily physical activity. Coping was unrelated to age, gender, V02max, and physical activity. Results suggest that perceived fitness may be a better predictor of coping with daily stress than actual physical fitness or physical activity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).			http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=psyc3&AN=2000-05578-002http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:PsycINFO+<1987+to+2001>&genre=article&id=pmid:&id=doi:10.1023/A:1009514214782&issn=1072-5245&volume=7&issue=3&spage=181&pages=181-192&date=2000&title=International+Journal+of+Stress+Management&atitle=Perceived+fitness+predicts+daily+coping+better+than+physical+activity+or+aerobic+fitness.&aulast=Plante&pid=<author>Plante,+Thomas+G</author>&<AN>2000-05578-002</AN>		Plante, Thomas G.: Santa Clara U, Dept of Psychology, Santa Clara, CA, US								English

R. Plotnikoff, M. Pickering, L. McCargar, C. Loucaides and K. Hugo	2010	Six-month follow-up and participant use and satisfaction of an electronic mail intervention promoting physical activity and nutrition		American journal of health promotion			24		4	255-9						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Six-month follow-up and participant use and satisfaction of an electronic mail intervention promoting physical activity and nutrition								Pubmed 20232607						CN-00751025				PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of a 12-week e-mail intervention promoting physical activity and nutrition, and to describe participant use and satisfaction feedback. DESIGN: A longitudinal, randomized trial. SETTING: Five large workplaces in Alberta, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand forty-three participants completed all three assessments, and 1263 participants in the experimental group provided use and satisfaction feedback after receiving the 12-week intervention. INTERVENTION: Paired physical activity and nutrition messages were e-mailed weekly to the experimental group. The control group received all messages in bulk (i.e., within a single e-mail message) at the conclusion of the intervention. MEASURES: Self-report measures of knowledge, cognitions, and behaviors related to physical activity and nutrition were used. Satisfaction with e-mail messages was assessed at Time 2. ANALYSIS: Planned contrasts compared the experimental group measures at Time 3 with those reported at Time 2 and with control group measures reported at Time 3. Control group measures at Time 3 were also compared with control group measures at Time 2. RESULTS: The small intervention effects previously reported between Time 1 and Time 2 were maintained at Time 3. Providing the e-mail messages in bulk also had a significant positive effect on many of the physical activity and nutrition variables. CONCLUSIONS: E-mail offers a promising medium for promoting health-enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Additional research is needed to determine optimal message dose and content.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/025/CN-00751025/frame.html										
A. Podberscek, Y. Hsu and J. Serpell	1999	Evaluation of clomipramine as an adjunct to behavioural therapy in the treatment of separation-related problems in dogs		Veterinary record			145		13	365-9						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Evaluation of clomipramine as an adjunct to behavioural therapy in the treatment of separation-related problems in dogs								Pubmed 10573193						CN-00264341				Forty-nine dogs showing signs of separation-related problems were randomly assigned to one of three groups: group A (15 dogs) received a placebo twice daily; group B (17 dogs) received clomipramine at 0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg twice daily; and group C (17 dogs) received clomipramine at 1.0 to 2.0 mg/kg twice daily. All the dogs also received behavioural therapy. Their owners were required to complete questionnaires about their dog's behaviour initially, and one, four and eight weeks after the treatment with clomipramine began. Bipolar ratings scales were used to monitor the frequencies of 'general', 'attachment-related' and 'separation-related' behaviours. Kruskal-Wallis tests and Kendall Rank correlations were used to determine any initial differences between the treatment groups, and the association between the initial scores and behavioural changes after one week of treatment with clomipramine. Extended Mantel-Haenszel statistics were used to evaluate the effects of clomipramine treatment versus the placebo, and Page's test was used to assess the effectiveness of behavioural therapy on its own. There were no significant differences in the demographic characteristics of the owners of the dogs assigned to the three groups. The dogs differed slightly in age between groups, and the dogs in the two clomipramine-treated groups were reported as showing problems at a significantly earlier age than those in the placebo group. Clomipramine treatment had a sustained suppressive effect on the dogs' general activity levels, and a more modest suppressive effect on their attachment-related tendency to want much physical contact with their owners. The typical signs of separation-related behaviour problems were not significantly affected by treatment with clomipramine, but behavioural therapy on its own was highly effective in reducing behavioural problems.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/341/CN-00264341/frame.html										
L. Pomidori, M. Contoli, G. Mandolesi and A. Cogo	2012	A simple method for home exercise training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: one-year study		Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and prevention			32		1	53-7						Randomized Controlled Trial		A simple method for home exercise training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: one-year study								Pubmed 22193935						CN-00833941				PURPOSE: The success of long-term exercise training (ExT) programs resides in the integration between exercise prescription and patient compliance with home training. One of the crucial issues for the patients is the understanding of appropriate exercise intensity. We compared 2 methods of home ExT, based on walking. METHODS: Forty-seven patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were recruited and underwent respiratory function, exercise capacity evaluation with a 6-minute walk test, and treadmill tests. Physical activity was monitored by a multisensor Armband (SenseWear, Body Media, Pittsburgh, PA). Patients were randomly assigned to 2 different home training methods and assessed again after 6 and 12 months; group A?: speed walking paced by a metronome, and group A?: walking a known distance in a fixed time. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients completed the study. All subjects showed a significant improvement in the 6-minute walk test after 1 year but the improvement was higher in A? than in A? (P < .05). Physical activity levels were significantly higher at T12 versus baseline only in group A? (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of a metronome to maintain the rate of walking during home ExT seems to be beneficial, allowing patients to achieve and sustain the optimal exercise intensity, and resulting in greater improvement compared to simply using a fixed time interval exercise.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/941/CN-00833941/frame.html										
J. Pompeu, F. Mendes, K. Silva, A. Lobo, T. Oliveira, A. Zomignani and M. Piemonte	2012	Effect of Nintendo WiiBased motor and cognitive training on activities of daily living in patients with Parkinson's disease: A randomised clinical trial		Physiotherapy (United Kingdom)			98		3	196-204						Journal: Article		Effect of Nintendo WiiBased motor and cognitive training on activities of daily living in patients with Parkinson's disease: A randomised clinical trial														CN-00903070				Objectives: To investigate the effect of Nintendo Wii-based motor cognitive training versus balance exercise therapy on activities of daily living in patients with Parkinson's disease. Design: Parallel, prospective, single-blind, randomised clinical trial. Setting: Brazilian Parkinson Association. Participants: Thirty-two patients with Parkinson's disease (Hoehn and Yahr stages 1 and 2). Interventions: Fourteen training sessions consisting of 30 minutes of stretching, strengthening and axial mobility exercises, plus 30 minutes of balance training. The control group performed balance exercises without feedback or cognitive stimulation, and the experimental group performed 10 Wii Fit games. Main outcome measure: Section II of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-II). Randomisation: Participants were randomised into a control group (n=16) and an experimental group (n=16) through blinded drawing of names. Statistical analysis: Repeated-measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA). Results: Both groups showed improvement in the UPDRS-II with assessment effect (RM-ANOVA P<0.001, observed power. =0.999). There was no difference between the control group and the experimental group before training {8.9 [standard deviation (SD) 2.9] vs 10.1 (SD 3.8)}, after training [7.6 (SD 2.9) vs 8.1 (SD 3.5)] or 60 days after training [8.1 (SD 3.2) vs 8.3 (SD 3.6)]. The mean difference of the whole group between before training and after training was -0.9 (SD 2.3, 95% confidence interval -1.7 to -0.6). Conclusion: Patients with Parkinson's disease showed improved performance in activities of daily living after 14 sessions of balance training, with no additional advantages associated with the Wii-based motor and cognitive training.Registered on http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (identifier: NCT01580787). 2012 Chartered Society of Physiotherapy.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/070/CN-00903070/frame.html										
R. Powell, J. L. Allan, D. W. Johnston, C. Gao, M. Johnston, J. Kenardy, B. Pollard and D. I. Rowley	2009	Activity and affect: repeated within-participant assessment in people after joint replacement surgery		Rehabilitation Psychology			54		1	83-90					Feb	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Activity and affect: repeated within-participant assessment in people after joint replacement surgery	Rehabil Psychol	0090-5550												19618707				OBJECTIVE: Between-participant research has shown that high negative affectivity predicts greater activity limitations and vice versa. This study examined both between- and within-participant associations of negative and positive affectivity with activity levels using ecological momentary assessment.
METHOD: Participants were 25 people who had undergone joint replacement surgery 12 months previously. Participants made multiple reports of their activity and positive and negative affectivity over a single day using a computerized diary. Activity was also objectively recorded using an activity monitor. The following day, participants made a self-report of their activity over the measurement day and general positive and negative affectivity levels were recorded.
RESULTS: Higher self-reported walking time over the whole measurement day was associated with higher general positive affectivity but not negative affectivity. However, using ecological momentary assessment, higher diary reports of negative affectivity predicted increased activity levels while positive affectivity neither predicted nor was predicted by activity.
CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate the importance of within-participant methodology in detecting subtle and immediate effects of individuals' mood on behavior that may differ from findings investigating between-participant effects over longer time periods.	Powell, Rachael
Allan, Julia L
Johnston, Derek W
Gao, Chuan
Johnston, Marie
Kenardy, Justin
Pollard, Beth
Rowley, David I
(United Kingdom Chief Scientist Office)
(United Kingdom Medical Research Council)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19618707http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19618707&id=doi:&issn=0090-5550&volume=54&issue=1&spage=83&pages=83-90&date=2009&title=Rehabilitation+Psychology&atitle=Activity+and+affect%3A+repeated+within-participant+assessment+in+people+after+joint+replacement+surgery.&aulast=Powell&pid=%3Cauthor%3EPowell+R%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19618707%3C%2FAN%3E		School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, UK. r.k.powell@aston.ac.uk						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. Powers, R. Cuddihy, D. Wesley and B. Morgan	2010	Continuous glucose monitoring reveals different glycemic responses of moderate- vs high-carbohydrate lunch meals in people with type 2 diabetes		Journal of the American Dietetic Association			110		12	1912-5						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Continuous glucose monitoring reveals different glycemic responses of moderate- vs high-carbohydrate lunch meals in people with type 2 diabetes								Pubmed 21111100						CN-00771066				This single-center, meal-intervention, crossover study was conducted to determine the glycemic response to fixed meals with varying carbohydrate content. Continuous glucose monitoring was used to document the glycemic response. Participants were 14 people with type 2 diabetes on metformin only. On 4 consecutive days in March or July 2008, study participants consumed a fixed breakfast and one of two test meals (lunch) provided in random order. The two lunch types varied only in carbohydrate content; the protein, fat, fiber, and glycemic index were similar. They consumed no caloric food or beverages for 4 hours after each meal. Consuming double the carbohydrate content did not double the glycemic response variables, yet most were substantially different in glucose value (mg/dL) or minutes. General linear model analyses revealed substantial differences for peak glucose, change from baseline glucose to peak, time to return to preprandial glucose, 4-hour glucose area under the curve, and 4-hour mean glucose. Continuous glucose monitoring data provided a robust description of the glycemic response to the two meals. Such data can help improve postprandial glucose levels through more informed nutrition recommendations and synchronization of food intake, diabetes medication, and/or physical activity.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/066/CN-00771066/frame.html										
J. Prior, Y. Vigna, D. Sciarretta, N. Alojado and M. Schulzer	1987	Conditioning exercise decreases premenstrual symptoms: a prospective, controlled 6-month trial		Fertility and sterility			47		3	402-8						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Conditioning exercise decreases premenstrual symptoms: a prospective, controlled 6-month trial								Pubmed 3549364						CN-00047124				Six months of exercise training was associated with decreased premenstrual symptoms in two groups of women. There was no change in symptoms in nontraining women. Eight sedentary (ST) women increased running from 0 to 76 +/- 26 km/cycle (mean +/- standard deviation) over 6 months and seven runners (MT) trained for a marathon (42.2 km). Six normally active, nontraining (C-NT) women kept their activity constant. Each subject completed monthly intensity-graded questionnaires or kept daily symptoms diaries concerning premenstrual symptoms. All monitored basal body temperature, weight, and exercise. Gonadal steroids were measured in ST women. For ST subjects, breast (P = 0.005), fluid (P = 0.01), and personal stress (P = 0.025) decreased. MT women experienced decreased fluid (P = 0.034) and depression (P = 0.014). Anxiety tended to decrease (P = 0.087). ST and MT subjects experienced decreases in premenstrual symptoms without documented hormonal, menstrual cycle, or weight changes. These symptom changes appear to be the earliest evidence of the effects of conditioning exercise on the reproductive system.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/124/CN-00047124/frame.html										
J. Pritchard, C. Nowson, T. Billington and J. Wark	2002	Benefits of a year-long workplace weight loss program on cardiovascular risk factors		Nutrition & dietetics			59		2	87-96								Benefits of a year-long workplace weight loss program on cardiovascular risk factors														CN-00476258				Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a year-long workplace weight loss program in reducing risk factors of coronary heart disease. Design: A randomised, controlled study of low fat (25% of dietary energy) diet- and/or moderate exercise-induced weight loss interventions in free-living, middle aged men. Compliance was monitored from food and activity diaries at monthly blood pressure measurement sessions. Blood was sampled and body composition determined from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry before and after 12 months. Subjects and setting: Fifty eight overweight men (mean +/- SD age: 43.4 +/- 5.7 years; BMI 29.0 +/- 2.6 kg/m2) , recruited from a national corporation, were instructed into diet (n=18) exercise (n=21) or control (n=19) groups over 12 months; 16 control subjects combined diet and exercise (n=16) for the subsequent 12 months. Main outcome measures: At 12 months, weight, total and regional fat and lean mass, dietary energy and percentage dietary fat intake, physical activity indices, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum insulin, blood lipids and lipoproteins. Statistical analyses: Differences between groups were tested using analysis of variance with Scheffe post hoc test. Differences between pre- and post-intervention variables were tested using Students' paired t-tests. Pearson's correlation coefficient and univariate linear regression identified association between dependent variables, multiple stepwise regression identified specific predictors. Results: Weight loss with either diet or exercise resulted in a reduction in systolic blood pressure (-3.3 +/- 1.7%), diastolic blood pressure (4.8 +/-1.3%) and LDL cholesterol (-3.9 +/- 2.8%), a rise in HDL cholesterol (+10.0 +/- 3.8%) and a change in the LDL/HDL ratio (- 8.9 +/- 3.5%). Abdominal fat loss (-26.8 +/- 3.6% after diet 16.6 +/- 4.5% after exercise; -21.0 +/- 4.7% after diet and exercise) was the strongest predictor of change in blood pressure: twenty per cent abdominal fat loss predicted a percentage fall of 2.4 +/- 0.05% in systolic blood pressure and 5.4 +/- 0.07% in diastolic blood pressure. Greater abdominal fat loss was associated with the greatest decrease in serum insulin (P&#60;0.05). Conclusion: Modest changes in diet and exercise effected by a low cost workplace-based education program achieved weight loss, loss of abdominal fat, reduced blood pressure and serum insulin and improved blood lipid concentrations. [By permission, Australasian Medical Index, National Library of Australia]			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/258/CN-00476258/frame.html										
V. Probst, D. Kovelis, N. Hernandes, C. Camillo, V. Cavalheri and F. Pitta	2011	Effects of 2 exercise training programs on physical activity in daily life in patients with COPD		Respiratory care			56		11	1799-807						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of 2 exercise training programs on physical activity in daily life in patients with COPD								Pubmed 22035826						CN-00805024				BACKGROUND: The effects of different exercise training programs on the level of physical activity in daily life in patients with COPD remain to be investigated. OBJECTIVE: In patients with COPD we compared the effects of 2 exercise/training regimens (a high-intensity whole-body endurance-and-strength program, and a low-intensity calisthenics-and-breathing-exercises program) on physical activity in daily life, exercise capacity, muscle force, health-related quality of life, and functional status. METHODS: We randomized 40 patients with COPD to perform either endurance-and-strength training (no. = 20, mean ± SD FEV(1) 40 ± 13% of predicted) at 60-75% of maximum capacity, or calisthenics-and-breathing-exercises training (no. = 20, mean ± SD FEV(1) 39 ± 14% of predicted). Both groups underwent 3 sessions per week for 12 weeks. Before and after the training programs the patients underwent activity monitoring with motion sensors, incremental cycle-ergometry, 6-min walk test, and peripheral-muscle-force test, and responded to questionnaires on health-related quality of life and functional status (activities of daily living, pulmonary functional status, and dyspnea). RESULTS: Time spent active and energy expenditure in daily life were not significantly altered in either group. Exercise capacity and muscle force significantly improved only in the endurance-and-strength group. Health-related quality of life and functional status improved significantly in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Neither training program significantly improved time spent active or energy expenditure in daily life. The training regimens similarly improved quality of life and functional status. Exercise capacity and muscle force significantly improved only in the high-intensity endurance-and-strength group.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/024/CN-00805024/frame.html										
J. Prochaska, S. Hall, G. Humfleet, R. Munoz, V. Reus, J. Gorecki and D. Hu	2008	Physical activity as a strategy for maintaining tobacco abstinence: a randomized trial		Preventive medicine			47		2	215-20						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Physical activity as a strategy for maintaining tobacco abstinence: a randomized trial								Pubmed 18572233						CN-00649252				OBJECTIVES: For smoking cessation, physical activity (PA) may help manage withdrawal symptoms, mood, stress, and weight; yet studies of PA as an aid for smoking cessation have been mixed. This study examined: (1) the impact of an extended relapse prevention program on increasing moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) in adults enrolled in a tobacco cessation treatment trial; (2) whether changes in MVPA were associated with sustained abstinence from smoking; and (3) mechanisms by which MVPA may support sustained abstinence from smoking. METHODS: In a randomized controlled trial conducted from 2003-2006 in San Francisco, California, 407 adult smokers received a 12 week group-based smoking cessation treatment with bupropion and nicotine patch with the quit date set at week 3. At week 12, participants were randomized to no further treatment or to 40 weeks of bupropion or placebo with or without an 11-session relapse prevention intervention of which 2 sessions (held at weeks 16 and 20) focused on PA. Participants receiving the PA intervention (n=163) received a pedometer, counseling to increase steps 10% biweekly towards a 10,000 steps/day goal, and personalized reports graphing progress with individualized goals. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire assessed weekly minutes of MVPA at baseline and weeks 12 and 24. Sustained abstinence from tobacco at week 24 was validated with expired carbon monoxide. RESULTS: In a repeated mixed model analysis, intervention participants significantly increased their MVPA relative to control participants, F(1,475)=3.95, p=.047. Pedometer step counts also increased significantly, t(23)=2.36, p=.027, though only 15% of intervention participants provided 6 weeks of pedometer monitoring. Controlling for treatment condition, increased MVPA predicted sustained smoking abstinence at week 24, odds ratio=1.84 (95% CI: 1.07, 3.05). Among participants with sustained abstinence, increased MVPA was associated with increased vigor (r=0.23, p=.025) and decreased perceived difficulty with staying smoke-free (r=-0.21, p=.038). CONCLUSION: PA promotion as an adjunct to tobacco treatment increases MVPA levels; changes in MVPA predict sustained abstinence, perhaps by improving mood and self-efficacy.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/252/CN-00649252/frame.html										
C. Pronk-Admiraal, T. Haitjema, P. Horikx and P. Bartels	2001	Surplus value of eosinophil count and ECP to diagnose and monitor asthmatic patients		Netherlands journal of medicine			58		1	9-17						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial;		Surplus value of eosinophil count and ECP to diagnose and monitor asthmatic patients								Pubmed 11137745						CN-00325839				BACKGROUND: Eosinophil cationic protein (ESP) is one of the granule proteins in eosinophilic granulocytes. Release of this protein may reflect the activity state of eosinophilic granulocytes in diseased subjects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the additional value of serum ECP measurement over the eosinophil count, (specific) IgE concentration and CRP concentration in order to evaluate the effects of treatment in patients started on corticosteroids and to distinguish individual patients with asthma from healthy subjects on the basis of laboratory results. METHODS: In a longitudinal study, serial measurements of serum ECP, eosinophil count and other laboratory parameters have been evaluated and compared with spirometry and tests of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in ten asthmatic subjects. The subjects were investigated before therapy was started and 3, 6 and 9 months after the start of therapy with inhaled corticosteroids. Laboratory parameters in the patient group are compared with results obtained from a reference group of apparently healthy subjects (n=223). RESULTS: Statistically significant correlations are observed between blood eosinophil counts and serum ECP concentrations with the hyperresponsiveness tests PC20 (r=0.44 and r=0.46, respectively) and with a decrease in FEV(1) after exercise (r=0.66 and r=0.60, respectively). A significant difference was detected between serum ECP concentrations from the patients' group and from the reference group. However, a wide range of overlapping results was observed between the reference group and the asthmatic patients. CONCLUSIONS: Asthma is a disease which is now more frequently treated by general practitioners. In general practice there is not always the opportunity to evaluate asthma activity by the application of hyperreactivity tests. When hyperreactivity testing is not available, measuring serum ECP concentration or eosinophil blood count would be an alternative method to monitor the effects of corticosteroid treatment. In this study the additional value of serum ECP in addition to the eosinophil count is evaluated to determine the effects of treatment in patients who started with application of corticosteroids. However, because of the analogous correlation coefficients of laboratory parameters with tests regarding hyperresponsiveness, no additional benefit of serum ECP concentration over eosinophil blood count in monitoring the effect of corticosteroids can be detected. The additional value of serum ECP concentrations and eosinophil counts to detect an asthmatic constitution for individual cases is doubtful.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/839/CN-00325839/frame.html										
P. Ptaszynski, K. Kaczmarek, J. Ruta, T. Klingenheben and J. Wranicz	2013	Metoprolol succinate vs. ivabradine in the treatment of inappropriate sinus tachycardia in patients unresponsive to previous pharmacological therapy		Europace			15		1	116-21						Controlled Clinical Trial;		Metoprolol succinate vs. ivabradine in the treatment of inappropriate sinus tachycardia in patients unresponsive to previous pharmacological therapy								Pubmed 22772053						CN-00879705				AIMS: Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) is a clinical syndrome characterized by excessive resting heart rate (HR) or disproportional increasing HR during exercise. The treatment of IST symptoms using beta-blockers or calcium channel-blockers is often non-effective or not well tolerated. Ivabradine is a new agent inhibiting sinus node I(f) current, resulting in a decrease of HR without haemodynamic compromise. METHODS AND RESULTS: We enrolled 20 patients (36 ± 10 years; 14 women) affected by IST and resistant to previous administered therapy by using beta-blockers or verapamil. After 4 weeks of treatment with metoprolol succinate (up to 190 mg once a day) the therapy was switched to ivabradine up to 7.5 mg twice daily. Holter monitoring and treadmill stress test were performed after 1 and 2 months following start of the study. We observed a significant reduction of resting HR both for metoprolol and for ivabradine compared with baseline (92.8 vs. 90.2 vs. 114.3 b.p.m.; P< 0.001). During daily activity there was an even larger decrease of HR on ivabradine (mean daytime HR 94.6 vs. 87.1 vs. 107.3 b.p.m.; P< 0.001). Ivabradine was very well tolerated whereas in 10 patients on metoprolol we observed hypotension or bradycardia requiring dose reduction. Significantly lower incidence of IST-related symptoms were registered on ivabradine therapy than on metoprolol. Fourteen patients (70%) treated with I(f) blocker were free of IST-related complaints. CONCLUSIONS: Metoprolol and ivabradine exert a similar effect on resting HR in patients with IST. Ivabradine seems to be more effective to relieve symptoms during exercise or daily activity.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/705/CN-00879705/frame.html										
M. L. Puthoff	2006	The relationship between impairments in muscle performance, functional limitations, and disability in older adults				University of Iowa	Ph.D.			148 p								The relationship between impairments in muscle performance, functional limitations, and disability in older adults		0-542-60221-0																Many older adults develop restrictions in the performance of activities that are essential to daily living, referred to as functional limitations. Functional limitations can lead to disability, the inability to complete tasks necessary to function in society. A better understanding of how impairments in body systems affect functional limitations and disability in older adults could lead to improved medical management of older adults. The purpose of this study was to examine how impairments in lower extremity muscle performance (strength, power, and endurance) are related to functional limitations and disability in community dwelling older adults. Thirty-four subjects were recruited to participate in this cross-sectional analysis study with 30 individuals completing the study. The Keiser 420 Leg Press was used to measure impairments in lower extremity muscle performance. Functional limitations were classified through the Short Physical Performance Battery, the Six-Minute Walk Test, the Late Life Function and Disability Index (LLFDI) Functional Limitation Component, and average walking speed, average walking distance and average number of steps per day over a six-day period obtained from the AMP 331 physical activity monitor. Disability was measured through the LLFDI Disability Component Limitation Category. Regression analysis was used to examine the direct effect between impairments in muscle performance and functional limitations. Mediation analysis was used to examine the indirect effect of impairments on disability. The results of this study support a relationship between impairments in lower extremity strength and power to functional limitations and disability in community dwelling older adults. Impairments in lower extremity power consistently demonstrated a stronger relationship than strength to all measures of functional limitations and disability. The results of this study did not support a relationship of impairments in endurance to functional limitations or disability. The overall findings of this study would indicate that community dwelling older adults should focus on maintaining and improving lower extremity strength and power across a range of relative intensities in order to decrease functional limitations and disability.	Accession Number: 2009714494. Language: English. Entry Date: 20071123. Revision Date: 20091218. Publication Type: doctoral dissertation; research. Instrumentation: Short Physical Performance Battery; Six-Minute Walk Test; Late Life Function and Disability Index (LLFDI).
UMI Order AAI3211786.		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2009714494&site=ehost-live								rzh	EBSCOhost	
M. L. Puthoff, K. F. Janz and D. Nielson	2008	The relationship between lower extremity strength and power to everday walking behaviors in older adults with functional limitations		Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy			31		1	24-31								The relationship between lower extremity strength and power to everday walking behaviors in older adults with functional limitations	J Geriatr Phys Ther	1539-8412												18489805				PURPOSE: While lower extremity strength and power show a relationship to laboratory measures of walking in older adults, the relationship of strength and power to walking behaviors in a community setting is unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between lower extremity strength, peak power, power at a low relative intensity, and power at a high relative intensity to everyday walking behaviors in older adults.
METHODS: Thirty community-dwelling older adults (mean age=77.3+7.0, 25 females, 5 males) took part in the study. Lower extremity strength and power were measured with a pneumatic resistance leg press. An accelerometer activity monitor was used to measure walking behaviors across 6 days with total steps, distance, and walking speed used as outcome measures.
RESULTS: Peak power (R2=0.16) was significantly related to total steps. Strength (R2=0.23), peak power (R2=0.44), power at low relative intensity (R2=0.41), and power at high relative intensity (R2=0.34) were significantly related to distance. Strength (R2=0.39), peak power (R2=0.50), power at low relative intensity (R2=0.38), and power at high relative intensity (R2=0.48) were significantly related to walking speed.
CONCLUSIONS: Lower extremity strength, peak power, power at a low relative intensity, and power at a high relative intensity are all related to walking behaviors in older adults with peak power having the strongest relationship.	Puthoff, Michael L
Janz, Kathleen F
Nielson, David		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18489805http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:18489805&id=doi:&issn=1539-8412&volume=31&issue=1&spage=24&pages=24-31&date=2008&title=Journal+of+Geriatric+Physical+Therapy&atitle=The+relationship+between+lower+extremity+strength+and+power+to+everday+walking+behaviors+in+older+adults+with+functional+limitations.&aulast=Puthoff&pid=%3Cauthor%3EPuthoff+ML%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E18489805%3C%2FAN%3E		St. Ambrose University, Physical Therapy Department, Davenport, IA 52803, USA. puthoffmichaell@sau.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

A. Quyyumi, C. Wright, L. Mockus and K. Fox	1984	Effect of partial agonist activity in beta blockers in severe angina pectoris: a double blind comparison of pindolol and atenolol		British medical journal (Clinical research ed.)			289		6450	951-3						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effect of partial agonist activity in beta blockers in severe angina pectoris: a double blind comparison of pindolol and atenolol								Pubmed 6148991						CN-00035785				The use of beta adrenoceptor blockade in the treatment of rest angina is controversial, and the effects on severe angina of partial agonist activity in beta blockers are unknown. Eight patients with effort angina and seven with effort and nocturnal angina and severe coronary artery disease were studied initially when they were not taking any antianginal drugs. Pindolol 5 mg thrice daily (with partial agonist activity) and atenolol 100 mg daily (without partial agonist activity) were given for five days each in a double blind randomised manner. Diaries of angina were kept and treadmill exercise testing and ambulatory ST monitoring performed during the last 48 hours of each period of treatment. Daytime and nocturnal resting heart rates and the frequency of angina were significantly reduced by atenolol compared with pindolol (p less than 0.01). The duration of exercise was significantly increased and the frequency, duration, and magnitude of daytime and nocturnal episodes of ST segment depression on ambulatory monitoring were reduced by atenolol. Reduction in resting heart rate is important in the treatment of both effort and nocturnal angina. Partial agonist activity in beta adrenoceptor antagonists may be deleterious in patients with severe angina pectoris.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/785/CN-00035785/frame.html										
P. Raaf, C. Klerk, R. Timman, J. Busschbach, W. Oldenmenger and C. Rijt	2013	Systematic monitoring and treatment of physical symptoms to alleviate fatigue in patients with advanced cancer: A randomized controlled trial		Journal of Clinical Oncology			31		6	716-723								Systematic monitoring and treatment of physical symptoms to alleviate fatigue in patients with advanced cancer: A randomized controlled trial														CN-00919450				Purpose Several guidelines on the treatment of cancer-related fatigue recommend optimizing treatment of accompanying symptoms. However, evidence for this recommendation from randomized clinical trials is lacking. We investigated whether monitoring and protocolized treatment of physical symptoms alleviates fatigue. Patients and Methods In all, 152 fatigued patients with advanced cancer were randomly assigned to protocolized patient-tailored treatment (PPT) of symptoms or care as usual. The PPT group had four appointments with a nurse who assessed nine symptoms on a 0 to 10 numeric rating scale (NRS). Patients received a nonpharmacologic intervention for symptoms with a score >= 1 and a medical intervention for symptoms with a score >= 4. Fatigue dimensions, fatigue NRS score, interference of fatigue with daily life, symptom burden, quality of life, anxiety, and depression were measured at baseline and after 1, 2, and 3 months. Differences between the groups over time were assessed by using mixed modeling. Results Seventy-six patients were randomly assigned to each study arm. Mean age was 58 +/- 10 years, 57% were female, and 65% were given palliative chemotherapy. We found significant improvements over time in favor of PPT for the primary outcome general fatigue (P = .01), with significant group differences at month 1 (effect size, 0.26; P = .007) and month 2 (effect size, 0.35; P = .005). Improvements in favor of PPT were also found for the following secondary outcomes: fatigue dimensions 'reduced activity' and 'reduced motivation,' fatigue NRS, symptom burden, interference of fatigue with daily life, and anxiety (all P +/- .03). Conclusion In fatigued patients with advanced cancer, nurse-led monitoring and protocolized treatment of physical symptoms is effective in alleviating fatigue. 2013 by American Society of Clinical Oncology.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/450/CN-00919450/frame.html										
P. Raaf, C. Klerk, R. Timman, J. Busschbach, W. Oldenmenger and C. Rijt	2014	Systematic monitoring and treatment of physical symptoms to alleviate fatigue in patients with advanced cancer: a randomized controlled trial		Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology			31		6	716-23						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Systematic monitoring and treatment of physical symptoms to alleviate fatigue in patients with advanced cancer: a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 23284036						CN-00966147				PURPOSE: Several guidelines on the treatment of cancer-related fatigue recommend optimizing treatment of accompanying symptoms. However, evidence for this recommendation from randomized clinical trials is lacking. We investigated whether monitoring and protocolized treatment of physical symptoms alleviates fatigue. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 152 fatigued patients with advanced cancer were randomly assigned to protocolized patient-tailored treatment (PPT) of symptoms or care as usual. The PPT group had four appointments with a nurse who assessed nine symptoms on a 0 to 10 numeric rating scale (NRS). Patients received a nonpharmacologic intervention for symptoms with a score ? 1 and a medical intervention for symptoms with a score ? 4. Fatigue dimensions, fatigue NRS score, interference of fatigue with daily life, symptom burden, quality of life, anxiety, and depression were measured at baseline and after 1, 2, and 3 months. Differences between the groups over time were assessed by using mixed modeling. RESULTS: Seventy-six patients were randomly assigned to each study arm. Mean age was 58 ± 10 years, 57% were female, and 65% were given palliative chemotherapy. We found significant improvements over time in favor of PPT for the primary outcome general fatigue (P = .01), with significant group differences at month 1 (effect size, 0.26; P = .007) and month 2 (effect size, 0.35; P = .005). Improvements in favor of PPT were also found for the following secondary outcomes: fatigue dimensions "reduced activity" and "reduced motivation," fatigue NRS, symptom burden, interference of fatigue with daily life, and anxiety (all P ? .03). CONCLUSION: In fatigued patients with advanced cancer, nurse-led monitoring and protocolized treatment of physical symptoms is effective in alleviating fatigue.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/147/CN-00966147/frame.html										
J. Ralston, I. Hirsch, J. Hoath, M. Mullen, A. Cheadle and H. Goldberg	2009	Web-based collaborative care for type 2 diabetes: a pilot randomized trial		Diabetes care			32		2	234-9						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Web-based collaborative care for type 2 diabetes: a pilot randomized trial								Pubmed 19017773						CN-00680579				OBJECTIVE: To test Web-based care management of glycemic control using a shared electronic medical record with patients who have type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a trial of 83 adults with type 2 diabetes randomized to receive usual care plus Web-based care management or usual care alone between August 2002 and May 2004. All patients had GHb > or =7.0%, had Web access from home, and could use a computer with English language-based programs. Intervention patients received 12 months of Web-based care management. The Web-based program included patient access to electronic medical records, secure e-mail with providers, feedback on blood glucose readings, an educational Web site, and an interactive online diary for entering information about exercise, diet, and medication. The primary outcome was change in GHb. RESULTS: GHb levels declined by 0.7% (95% CI 0.2-1.3) on average among intervention patients compared with usual-care patients. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol levels, and use of in-person health care services did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Care management delivered through secure patient Web communications improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/579/CN-00680579/frame.html										
N. Ramstrand and K. A. Nilsson	2007	Validation of a patient activity monitor to quantify ambulatory activity in an amputee population		Prosthetics & Orthotics International			31		2	157-66					Jun	Validation Studies		Validation of a patient activity monitor to quantify ambulatory activity in an amputee population	Prosthet Orthot Int	0309-3646												17520493				The ability to objectively measure an amputee's walking activity over prolonged periods can provide clinicians with a useful means of evaluating their patients' outcomes. The present study aimed to validate the temporospatial data output from a commercially available ambulatory activity monitor (PAM, Ossur) fitted to trans-tibial and trans-femoral amputees, against data that was simultaneously captured from a three dimensional motion analysis system (Qualisys Medical AB, Gothenburg, Sweden). Results indicate that the PAM monitor provides accurate measures of temporospatial aspects of amputee gait for walking speeds above 0.75 m/s.	Ramstrand, N
Nilsson, K-A		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17520493http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:17520493&id=doi:&issn=0309-3646&volume=31&issue=2&spage=157&pages=157-66&date=2007&title=Prosthetics+%26+Orthotics+International&atitle=Validation+of+a+patient+activity+monitor+to+quantify+ambulatory+activity+in+an+amputee+population.&aulast=Ramstrand&pid=%3Cauthor%3ERamstrand+N%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E17520493%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Jonkoping University, Sweden. nerrolyn.ramstrand@hhj.hj.se						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

G. Rao, L. Burke, B. Spring, L. Ewing, M. Turk, A. Lichtenstein, M.-A. Cornier, J. Spence and M. Coons	2011	New and emerging weight management strategies for busy ambulatory settings: A scientific statement from the american heart association: Endorsed by the society of behavioral medicine		Circulation			124		10	1182-203						Journal: Article		New and emerging weight management strategies for busy ambulatory settings: A scientific statement from the american heart association: Endorsed by the society of behavioral medicine														CN-00895179							http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/179/CN-00895179/frame.html										
K. Rauh, E. Gabriel, E. Kerschbaum, T. Schuster, R. Kries, U. Amann-Gassner and H. Hauner	2013	Safety and efficacy of a lifestyle intervention for pregnant women to prevent excessive maternal weight gain: A cluster-randomized controlled trial		BMC pregnancy and childbirth			13									Journal: Article		Safety and efficacy of a lifestyle intervention for pregnant women to prevent excessive maternal weight gain: A cluster-randomized controlled trial														CN-00919561				Background: Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with short- and long-term health problems among mothers and their offspring. There is a strong need for effective intervention strategies targeting excessive GWG to prevent adverse outcomes.Methods: We performed a cluster-randomized controlled intervention trial in eight gynecological practices evaluating the feasibility and effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention presented to all pregnant women; 250 healthy, pregnant women were recruited for the study. The intervention program consisted of two individually delivered counseling sessions focusing on diet, physical activity, and weight monitoring. The primary outcome was the proportion of pregnant women exceeding weight gain recommendations of the Institute of Medicine (IOM). Secondary outcome variables were maternal weight retention and short-term obstetric and neonatal outcomes.Results: The intervention resulted in a lower proportion of women exceeding IOM guidelines among women in the intervention group (38%) compared with the control group (60%) (odds ratio (OR): 0.5; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.3 to 0.9) without prompting an increase in the proportion of pregnancies with suboptimal weight gain (19% vs. 21%). Participants in the intervention group gained significantly less weight than those in the control group. Only 17% of the women in the intervention group showed substantial weight retention of more than 5 kg compared with 31% of those in the control group at month four postpartum (pp) (OR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.2 to 0.9). There were no significant differences in obstetric and neonatal outcomes.Conclusions: Lifestyle counseling given to pregnant women reduced the proportion of pregnancies with excessive GWG without increasing suboptimal weight gain, and may exert favorable effects on pp weight retention.Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00003801. 2013 Rauh et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/561/CN-00919561/frame.html										
H. Raynor, K. Osterholt, C. Hart, E. Jelalian, P. Vivier and R. Wing	2012	Efficacy of U.S. paediatric obesity primary care guidelines: two randomized trials		Pediatric obesity			7		1	28-38						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Efficacy of U.S. paediatric obesity primary care guidelines: two randomized trials								Pubmed 22434737						CN-00872237				OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of U.S. primary care paediatric obesity treatment recommendations, within two randomized trials. METHODS: Between November 2005 to September 2007, 182 families (children aged 4-9 years, body mass index [BMI] ?85th percentile) were recruited for two separate trials and randomized within trial to a 6-month intervention. Each trial had one intervention that increased child growth-monitoring frequency and feedback to families (GROWTH MONITORING). Each trial also had two interventions, combining GROWTH MONITORING with an eight-session, behavioural, parent-only intervention targeting two energy-balance behaviours (Trial 1: reducing snack foods and sugar-sweetened beverages [DECREASE], and increasing fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy [INCREASE]; Trial 2: decreasing sugar-sweetened beverages and increasing physical activity [TRADITIONAL] and increasing low-fat milk consumption and reducing television watching [SUBSTITUTES]). Child standardized BMI (ZBMI) and energy intake were assessed at 0, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: In both trials, main effects of time were found for ZBMI, which decreased at 6 and 12 months (P?<?0.01). In Trial 1, ZBMI reduced from 0 to 6 months, which was maintained from 6 to 12 months (?ZBMI 0 to 12 months?=?-0.12?±?0.22). In Trial 2, ZBMI reduced from 0 to 6 and from 6 to 12 months (?ZBMI 0-12 months?=?-0.16?±?0.31). For energy intake, main effects of time were found in both trials and intake reduced from 0 to 6 months (P?<?0.05), with Trial 1 reducing intake from 0 to 12 months (P?<?0.05). CONCLUSIONS: All interventions improved weight status. Future research should examine effectiveness and translatability of these approaches into primary care settings.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/237/CN-00872237/frame.html										
A. Ready	1996	Walking program maintenance in women with elevated serum cholesterol		Behavioral medicine (Washington, D.C.)			22		1	23-31						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Walking program maintenance in women with elevated serum cholesterol								Pubmed 8805958						CN-00129974				Health benefits are commonly reported in supervised exercise studies but it is not known whether participants remain active upon completion of the program. The walking habits of 21 older women (M = 62.0 +/- 4.8 years) with moderately elevated serum cholesterol were monitored for 12 months following completion of a supervised walking program. The average amount they walked per week decreased significantly--from approximately 4.5 hours to less than 3 hours after 3 and 6 months. After 12 months, one third of the participants continued to walk for more than 4 hours per week, 50% walked from 2 to 4 hours per week, and 20% had quit walking. Walking maintenance was not significantly associated with fitness level, percentage of body fat, or change in weight during the supervised program. Those who achieved the greatest reduction in serum cholesterol, however, were more likely to maintain walking levels after 12 months. Perceived lack of control over their physical activity levels by older women and loss of socialization and feedback may explain the decrease in activity observed after completion of a supervised program.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/974/CN-00129974/frame.html										
R. R. Recker, K. M. Davies, S. M. Hinders, R. P. Heaney, M. R. Stegman and D. B. Kimmel	1992	Bone gain in young adult women		JAMA			268		17	2403-8					Nov 4	Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Bone gain in young adult women	Jama	0098-7484												1404797				OBJECTIVE: To test whether bone mass increases in healthy nonpregnant white women during early adult life after cessation of linear growth; and to test whether various self-chosen levels of physical activity and nutrient intake or use of oral contraceptives influences this increase in bone mass.
DESIGN: Longitudinal prospective study of up to 5 years of 156 healthy college-aged women full-time students attending professional schools in universities in the Omaha, Neb, area.
SETTING: University medical center.
PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of healthy women students from Omaha-area professional schools. Any candidate with an illness, condition, or medication (except oral contraceptives) thought to affect general health or bone mass was excluded.
INTERVENTIONS: None.
OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical and family histories of disease, particularly osteoporosis; oral contraceptive use; bone mineral densities of the spine, forearm, and total body by dual- and single-photon absorptiometry; estimates of nutrient intake by repeated 7-day diet diaries; and measures of physical activity using a physical activity monitor.
RESULTS: The median gain in bone mass for the third decade of life, expressed as a percentage per decade, was 4.8% for the forearm, 5.9% for lumbar bone mineral content, 6.8% for lumbar bone mineral density, and 12.5% for total body bone mass (P < .0001 in all cases). By both bivariate and multiple regression analysis the rate of gain in bone density of the spine was negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with calcium/protein intake ratio and physical activity (multiple r = .31; P = .004). Bivariate analysis showed that use of oral contraceptives was associated with greater gain in total body bone mass (r = .31, P = .01). The estimated age when mineral acquisition ceased ranged from 28.3 years to 29.5 years at the several study sites.
CONCLUSIONS: Gain in bone mass occurs in healthy young women during the third decade of life. Physical activity and dietary calcium intake both exert a positive effect on this bone gain. Use of oral contraceptives exerts a further independent positive effect. Changes in life-style among college-aged women, involving relatively modest increases in physical activity and calcium intake, may significantly reduce the risk of osteoporosis late in life.	Recker, R R
Davies, K M
Hinders, S M
Heaney, R P
Stegman, M R
Kimmel, D B
Comment in: JAMA. 1993 Mar 17;269(11):1386; PMID: 8489638
AR-32462 (United States NIAMS NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=1404797http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1988+to+1995%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:1404797&id=doi:&issn=0098-7484&volume=268&issue=17&spage=2403&pages=2403-8&date=1992&title=JAMA&atitle=Bone+gain+in+young+adult+women.&aulast=Recker&pid=%3Cauthor%3ERecker+RR%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E1404797%3C%2FAN%3E		Center for Hard Tissue Research, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Neb 68131.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. G. Regensteiner, J. F. Steiner and W. R. Hiatt	1996	Exercise training improves functional status in patients with peripheral arterial disease		Journal of Vascular Surgery			23		1	104-15					Jan	Clinical Trial
Comparative Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Exercise training improves functional status in patients with peripheral arterial disease	J Vasc Surg	0741-5214												8558725				PURPOSE: In patients with intermittent claudication (IC) a structured walking exercise program improves exercise performance. However, few studies have evaluated the effects of exercise training on functional status during daily activities. We hypothesized that a supervised exercise training program would improve functional status in patients with IC, with 24 weeks of training more beneficial than 12 weeks. A secondary aim was to evaluate the effects of strength training and combinations of strength and treadmill training on functional status.
METHODS: Twenty-nine men with disabling IC were randomized to 12 weeks of either supervised treadmill training (3 hr/wk at a work intensity sufficient to produce claudication), strength training (3 hr/wk of resistive training of six muscle groups of each leg), or to a nonexercising control group. Functional status was assessed by questionnaires characterizing walking ability (Walking Impairment Questionnaire, WIQ), habitual physical activity level (Physical Activity Recall, PAR), and physical, social, and role functioning, well-being, and overall health (Medical Outcomes Study SF-20, MOS). Patients alos had their activity levels monitored with an activity monitor (Vitalog).
RESULTS: After 12 weeks of treadmill training PAR scores increased by 48 metabolic equivalent hr/wk, the MOS physical functioning score by 24 percentage points, and the number of bouts of walking activity measured by the Vitalog by 4.5 bouts/hr (all p < 0.05). No changes were seen in WIQ scores. After 12 additional weeks of treadmill training improvements initially observed in the PAR, MOS, and Vitalog scores were maintained, and in addition the ability to walk distances (WIQ) improved by 31 percentage points, and the IC severity score had improved by 29 percentage points (both p < 0.05). After 12 weeks of strength training patients improved their WIQ walking speed, stair climbing scores, and MOS well-being scores with no other changes in functional status. Subjects in the control group did not improve functional status by any measure. Twelve weeks of treadmill training after the strength training program maintained WIQ walking speed scores, and activity level defined by Vitalog improved. Twelve weeks of combined treadmill and strength training after the control period had no effect on functional status.
CONCLUSIONS: A supervised treadmill training program improved functional status during daily activities, with 24 weeks more effective than 12. In addition, treadmill training alone was more effective in improving functional status in patients with IC than strength training or combinations of the training modalities.	Regensteiner, J G
Steiner, J F
Hiatt, W R
H133G90114 (United States PHS HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=8558725http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:8558725&id=doi:&issn=0741-5214&volume=23&issue=1&spage=104&pages=104-15&date=1996&title=Journal+of+Vascular+Surgery&atitle=Exercise+training+improves+functional+status+in+patients+with+peripheral+arterial+disease.&aulast=Regensteiner&pid=%3Cauthor%3ERegensteiner+JG%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E8558725%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. Regensteiner, J. Steiner and W. Hiatt	1996	Exercise training improves functional status in patients with peripheral arterial disease		Journal of vascular surgery			23		1	104-15						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Exercise training improves functional status in patients with peripheral arterial disease								Pubmed 8558725						CN-00122981				PURPOSE: In patients with intermittent claudication (IC) a structured walking exercise program improves exercise performance. However, few studies have evaluated the effects of exercise training on functional status during daily activities. We hypothesized that a supervised exercise training program would improve functional status in patients with IC, with 24 weeks of training more beneficial than 12 weeks. A secondary aim was to evaluate the effects of strength training and combinations of strength and treadmill training on functional status. METHODS: Twenty-nine men with disabling IC were randomized to 12 weeks of either supervised treadmill training (3 hr/wk at a work intensity sufficient to produce claudication), strength training (3 hr/wk of resistive training of six muscle groups of each leg), or to a nonexercising control group. Functional status was assessed by questionnaires characterizing walking ability (Walking Impairment Questionnaire, WIQ), habitual physical activity level (Physical Activity Recall, PAR), and physical, social, and role functioning, well-being, and overall health (Medical Outcomes Study SF-20, MOS). Patients alos had their activity levels monitored with an activity monitor (Vitalog). RESULTS: After 12 weeks of treadmill training PAR scores increased by 48 metabolic equivalent hr/wk, the MOS physical functioning score by 24 percentage points, and the number of bouts of walking activity measured by the Vitalog by 4.5 bouts/hr (all p < 0.05). No changes were seen in WIQ scores. After 12 additional weeks of treadmill training improvements initially observed in the PAR, MOS, and Vitalog scores were maintained, and in addition the ability to walk distances (WIQ) improved by 31 percentage points, and the IC severity score had improved by 29 percentage points (both p < 0.05). After 12 weeks of strength training patients improved their WIQ walking speed, stair climbing scores, and MOS well-being scores with no other changes in functional status. Subjects in the control group did not improve functional status by any measure. Twelve weeks of treadmill training after the strength training program maintained WIQ walking speed scores, and activity level defined by Vitalog improved. Twelve weeks of combined treadmill and strength training after the control period had no effect on functional status. CONCLUSIONS: A supervised treadmill training program improved functional status during daily activities, with 24 weeks more effective than 12. In addition, treadmill training alone was more effective in improving functional status in patients with IC than strength training or combinations of the training modalities.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/981/CN-00122981/frame.html										
C. Reid, T. Maher and G. Jennings	2000	Substituting lifestyle management for pharmacological control of blood pressure: a pilot study in Australian general practice		Blood pressure			9		5	267-74						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Substituting lifestyle management for pharmacological control of blood pressure: a pilot study in Australian general practice								Pubmed 11193130						CN-00328056				The HEART project was conducted in general practice to determine whether lifestyle strategies, aimed at increasing physical activity and dietary modification, can be substituted for drug therapy in patients who have been well controlled on antihypertensive medication. In addition to blood pressure (BP) and risk factor outcomes, lifestyle behaviours, quality of life of patients, and the acceptability of the approach to both general practitioners (GPs) and patients involved in the trial were assessed. Patients (n = 45) with a history of hypertension and who had been well controlled for at least the past 6 months (BP < 160/ 95 mmHg) were randomised to a continued medication (C) group (n = 24) or a withdrawal (W) group (n = 21). Subjects had received antihypertensive therapy for an average of 7.8 years (range 1-28 years). Drug therapy in the W group was recommenced if BP exceeded 160/95 mmHg on two consecutive visits. Both groups were counselled regarding lifestyle behaviour change by their GP throughout the study and were provided with specifically developed self-help materials. Subjects were reviewed at least monthly over a 9-month period. Following randomisation, there were no significant differences between the two groups for BP, heart rate, age, duration of therapy, total cholesterol or body mass index. All but three subjects (one from the W and two from the C group) completed 9 months of monitoring following randomisation and there were no cardiovascular events; 71% of subjects remained off drug therapy and were well controlled at the 9-month follow-up (15/21) with mean BP of 141/85 mmHg (W) and 139/ 86 mmHg (C). Systolic BP tended to increase during the study period in both W and C groups, however, no significant differences were observed in mean systolic or diastolic BP either between the two groups or within each group in comparison to baseline values. Resting heart rate, body mass index and cholesterol levels remained unchanged in both W and C groups after 9 months follow-up. There were no changes attributable to the lifestyle intervention in the subjects continuing drug therapy in BP or lifestyle variables over the study period. However, the group stopping therapy had a 6% reduction in body mass index after 9 months. These data suggest that a proportion of motivated patients willing to trial a lifestyle approach can cease drug therapy and be adequately maintained by the prescription of lifestyle advice via their GP for at least a 9-month period. Cessation of drug therapy may be an important motivating factor to achieve weight loss in this group.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/056/CN-00328056/frame.html										
M. Reid, D. Stokic, S. Koch, F. Khawli and A. Leis	1994	N-acetylcysteine inhibits muscle fatigue in humans		Journal of clinical investigation			94		6	2468-74						Journal: Article		N-acetylcysteine inhibits muscle fatigue in humans														CN-00398790				N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a nonspecific antioxidant that selectively inhibits acute fatigue of rodent skeletal muscle stimulated at low (but not high) tetanic frequencies and that decreases contractile function of unfatigued muscle in a dose-dependent manner. The present experiments test the hypothesis that NAC pretreatment can inhibit acute muscular fatigue in humans. Healthy volunteers were studied on two occasions each. Subjects were pretreated with NAC 150 mg/kg or 5% dextrose in water by intravenous infusion. The subject then sat in a chair with surface electrodes positioned over the motor point of tibialis anterior, an ankle dorsiflexor of mixed- fiber composition. The muscle was stimulated to contract electrically (40-55 mA, 0.2-ms pulses) and force production was measured. Function of the unfatigued muscle was assessed by measuring the forces produced during maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) of ankle dorsiflexor muscle groups and during electrical stimulation of tibialis anterior at 1, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 120 Hz (protocol 1). Fatigue was produced using repetitive tetanic stimulations at 10 Hz (protocol 1) or 40 Hz (protocol 2); intermittent stimulations subsequently were used to monitor recovery from fatigue. The contralateral leg then was studied using the same protocol. Pretreatment with NAC did not alter the function of unfatigued muscle; MVC performance and the force-frequency relationship of tibialis anterior were unchanged. During fatiguing contractions stimulated at 10 Hz, NAC increased force output by ~ 15% (P < 0.0001), an effect that was evident after 3 min of repetitive contraction (P < 0.0125) and persisted throughout the 30-min protocol. NAC had no effect on fatigue induced using 40 Hz stimuli or on recovery from fatigue. N-acetylcysteine pretreatment can improve performance of human limb muscle during fatiguing exercise, suggesting that oxidative stress plays a causal role in the fatigue process and identifying antioxidant therapy as a novel intervention that may be useful clinically.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/790/CN-00398790/frame.html										
S. Reid, S. Kauer, S. Hearps, A. Crooke, A. Khor, L. Sanci and G. Patton	2011	A mobile phone application for the assessment and management of youth mental health problems in primary care: a randomised controlled trial		BMC family practice			12			131						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		A mobile phone application for the assessment and management of youth mental health problems in primary care: a randomised controlled trial								Pubmed 22123031						CN-00851902				BACKGROUND: Over 75% of mental health problems begin in adolescence and primary care has been identified as the target setting for mental health intervention by the World Health Organisation. The mobiletype program is a mental health assessment and management mobile phone application which monitors mood, stress, coping strategies, activities, eating, sleeping, exercise patterns, and alcohol and cannabis use at least daily, and transmits this information to general practitioners (GPs) via a secure website in summary format for medical review. METHODS: We conducted a randomised controlled trial in primary care to examine the mental health benefits of the mobiletype program. Patients aged 14 to 24 years were recruited from rural and metropolitan general practices. GPs identified and referred eligible participants (those with mild or more mental health concerns) who were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (where mood, stress, and daily activities were monitored) or the attention comparison group (where only daily activities were monitored). Both groups self-monitored for 2 to 4 weeks and reviewed the monitoring data with their GP. GPs, participants, and researchers were blind to group allocation at randomisation. Participants completed pre-, post-, and 6-week post-test measures of the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale and an Emotional Self Awareness (ESA) Scale. RESULTS: Of the 163 participants assessed for eligibility, 118 were randomised and 114 participants were included in analyses (intervention group n = 68, comparison group n = 46). Mixed model analyses revealed a significant group by time interaction on ESA with a medium size of effect suggesting that the mobiletype program significantly increases ESA compared to an attention comparison. There was no significant group by time interaction for depression, anxiety, or stress, but a medium to large significant main effect for time for each of these mental health measures. Post-hoc analyses suggested that participation in the RCT lead to enhanced GP mental health care at pre-test and improved mental health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Monitoring mental health symptoms appears to increase ESA and implementing a mental health program in primary care and providing frequent reminders, clinical resources, and support to GPs substantially improved mental health outcomes for the sample as a whole. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00794222.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/902/CN-00851902/frame.html										
W. Rejeski, R. Axtell, R. Fielding, J. Katula, A. King, T. Manini, A. Marsh, M. Pahor, A. Rego, C. Tudor-Locke, M. Newman, M. Walkup and M. Miller	2013	Promoting physical activity for elders with compromised function: The lifestyle interventions and independence for elders (LIFE) study physical activity intervention		Clinical interventions in aging			8			1119-31						Journal: Article		Promoting physical activity for elders with compromised function: The lifestyle interventions and independence for elders (LIFE) study physical activity intervention														CN-00914067				The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study is a Phase III randomized controlled clinical trial (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01072500) that will provide definitive evidence regarding the effect of physical activity (PA) on major mobility disability in older adults (70-89 years old) who have compromised physical function. This paper describes the methods employed in the delivery of the LIFE Study PA intervention, providing insight into how we promoted adherence and monitored the fidelity of treatment. Data are presented on participants' motives and self-perceptions at the onset of the trial along with accelerometry data on patterns of PA during exercise training. Prior to the onset of training, 31.4% of participants noted slight conflict with being able to meet the demands of the program and 6.4% indicated that the degree of conflict would be moderate. Accelerometry data collected during PA training revealed that the average intensity - 1,555 counts/minute for men and 1,237 counts/minute for women - was well below the cutoff point used to classify exercise as being of moderate intensity or higher for adults. Also, a sizable subgroup required one or more rest stops. These data illustrate that it is not feasible to have a single exercise prescription for older adults with compromised function. Moreover, the concept of what constitutes "moderate" exercise or an appropriate volume of work is dictated by the physical capacities of each individual and the level of comfort/stability in actually executing a specific prescription. 2013 Rejeski et al.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/067/CN-00914067/frame.html										
W. Rejeski, R. Fielding, S. Blair, J. Guralnik, T. Gill, E. Hadley, A. King, S. Kritchevsky, M. Miller, A. Newman and M. Pahor	2005	The lifestyle interventions and independence for elders (LIFE) pilot study: Design and methods		Contemporary clinical trials			26		2	141-54						Journal: Article		The lifestyle interventions and independence for elders (LIFE) pilot study: Design and methods														CN-00569340				The LIFE study is a multicenter pilot for a proposed full scale, two-arm randomized controlled trial that will contrast the effect of a physical activity intervention with a successful aging education program on the occurrence of incident major mobility disability (the inability to complete a 400 m walk) or death in at-risk sedentary older adults. Four hundred older adults from 4 clinical sites will be recruited for this purpose. All participants will be followed for at least 1-year; however, we will continue to follow all participants until the final randomized individual has reached the 1-year mark. This will enable us to acquire additional information about maintenance. Additional outcomes will include lower extremity physical performance as well as gait speed over 4 m and 400 m. These latter measures will provide data on the efficacy of the intervention on intermediate endpoints linked to the primary outcome of interest. The goals of the pilot study are to (a) estimate the sample size needed for a full scale trial, (b) examine the consistency of the effects of the physical activity intervention on several continuous measures of physical function, (c) assess the feasibility of recruitment, (d) evaluate study adherence and retention, (d) evaluate the efficacy of a stepped care approach for managing intercurrent illness in this at-risk population, and (e) develop a comprehensive system for monitoring and ensuring participant safety. Other goals of this pilot phase include assessments of health-related quality of life and cost-effectiveness. 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/340/CN-00569340/frame.html										
H. Remoortel, M. Hornikx, D. Langer, C. Burtin, S. Everaerts, P. Verhamme, S. Boonen, R. Gosselink, M. Decramer, T. Troosters and W. Janssens	2014	Risk factors and comorbidities in the preclinical stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease		American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine			189		1	30-8						Journal: Article		Risk factors and comorbidities in the preclinical stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease														CN-00959683				Rationale: There is little information about comorbidities and their risk factors in the preclinical stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objectives: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of premorbid risk factors and comorbid diseases and its association with daily physical activity in subjects detected with COPD by spirometry screening. Methods: Sixty subjects with preclinical COPD (63 + 6yr; 68% [n = 41] male) were compared with 60 smoking control subjects (62 + 7 yr; 70% [n = 42] male) and 60 never-smoking control subjects (62 + 6yr; 57% [n = 34] male). Comorbidities (cardiovascular, metabolic, and musculoskeletal disease) and daily physical activity (by multisensor activity monitor) were measured objectively. Measurements and Main Results: The prevalence of premorbid risk factors and comorbid diseases was significantly higher in preclinical COPD compared with age-matched never-smoking control subjects, but was similar to smoking control subjects not suffering from COPD. In preclinical COPD and smoking control subjects, the combination of cardiovascular disease and musculoskeletal disease was the most prevalent (15% [n = 9] and 12% [n = 7], respectively). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, physical inactivity and smoking were found to be independent risk factors for having greater than or equal to two comorbidities. Conclusions: Premorbid risk factors and comorbid diseases were more prevalent in the preclinical stages of COPD and smokers without COPD. Physical inactivity and smoking were more strongly associated with the presence of comorbidities compared with airflow obstruction. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01314807). Copyright 2014 by the American Thoracic Society.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/683/CN-00959683/frame.html										
K. Renault, K. Norgaard, L. Nilas, E. Carlsen, D. Cortes, O. Pryds and N. Secher	2014	The Treatment of Obese Pregnant Women (TOP) study: A randomized controlled trial of the effect of physical activity intervention assessed by pedometer with or without dietary intervention in obese pregnant women		American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology			210		2	134.e1-134.e9						Journal: Article		The Treatment of Obese Pregnant Women (TOP) study: A randomized controlled trial of the effect of physical activity intervention assessed by pedometer with or without dietary intervention in obese pregnant women														CN-00983977				Objective The objective of the study was to assess physical activity intervention assessed by a pedometer with or without dietary intervention on gestational weight gain (GWG) in obese pregnant women by comparing with a control group. Study Design This study was a randomized controlled trial of 425 obese pregnant women comparing 3 groups: (1) PA plus D, physical activity and dietary intervention (n = 142); (2) PA, physical activity intervention (n = 142); and (3) C, a control group receiving standard care (n = 141). All participants routinely in gestational weeks 11-14 had an initial dietary counseling session and were advised to limit GWG to less than 5 kg. Physical activity intervention included encouragement to increase physical activity, aiming at a daily step count of 11,000, monitored by pedometer assessment on 7 consecutive days every 4 weeks. Dietary intervention included follow-up on a hypocaloric Mediterranean-style diet. Instruction was given by a dietician every 2 weeks. The primary outcome measure was GWG, and the secondary outcome measures were complications of pregnancy and delivery and neonatal outcome. Results The study was completed by 389 patients (92%). Median values of GWG (ranges) were lower in each of the intervention groups (PA plus D, 8.6 [-9.6 to 34.1] kg, and group PA, 9.4 [-3.4 to 28.2] kg) compared with the control group (10.9 [-4.4 to 28.7] kg [PA+D vs C]; P =.01; PA vs C; P =.042). No significant difference was found between the 2 intervention groups. In a multivariate analysis, physical activity intervention decreased GWG by a mean of 1.38 kg (P =.040). The Institute of Medicine's recommendations for GWG were more frequently followed in the intervention groups. Conclusion Physical activity intervention assessed by pedometer with or without dietary follow-up reduced GWG compared with controls in obese pregnant women. 2014 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/977/CN-00983977/frame.html										
B. Resnick, E. S. Nahm, D. Orwig, S. S. Zimmerman and J. Magaziner	2001	Measurement of activity in older adults: reliability and validity of the Step Activity Monitor		Journal of Nursing Measurement			9		3	275-90						Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
Validation Studies		Measurement of activity in older adults: reliability and validity of the Step Activity Monitor	J Nurs Meas	1061-3749												11881269				The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Step Activity Monitor (SAM) when used with older adults. A total of 30 subjects with a mean age of 86 +/- 6.1 participated in the study. Sixty one-minute walks were measured with the SAM, and two observers visually counted steps. Four participants wore the SAM for 6 to 48 hours and maintained activity diaries. The intraclass correlation for the SAM recordings was R = .84. There was an overall step counting accuracy of 96%. The diaries supported the SAM data for those who wore the SAM for extended periods. The SAM is an easy to use, comfortable, valid, and reliable measure of activity in older adults and particularly may be useful to triangulate measurement of activity in these individuals.	Resnick, B
Nahm, E S
Orwig, D
Zimmerman, S S
Magaziner, J
R01 AG17082-01 (United States NIA NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11881269http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:11881269&id=doi:&issn=1061-3749&volume=9&issue=3&spage=275&pages=275-90&date=2001&title=Journal+of+Nursing+Measurement&atitle=Measurement+of+activity+in+older+adults%3A+reliability+and+validity+of+the+Step+Activity+Monitor.&aulast=Resnick&pid=%3Cauthor%3EResnick+B%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E11881269%3C%2FAN%3E		University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

B. Resnick, E. Nahm, D. Orwig, S. S. Zimmerman and J. Magaziner	2001	Measurement of activity in older adults: reliability and validity of the Step Activity Monitor		Journal of Nursing Measurement			9		3	275-290								Measurement of activity in older adults: reliability and validity of the Step Activity Monitor		1061-3749												2002056461. Language: English. Entry Date: 20020524. Revision Date: 20091218. Publication Type: journal article				The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Step Activity Monitor (SAM) when used with older adults. A total of 30 subjects with a mean age of 86 +/- 6.1 participated in the study. Sixty one-minute walks were measured with the SAM, and two observers visually counted steps. Four participants wore the SAM for 6 to 48 hours and maintained activity diaries. The intraclass correlation for the SAM recordings was R = .84. There was an overall step counting accuracy of 96%. The diaries supported the SAM data for those who wore the SAM for extended periods. The SAM is an easy to use, comfortable, valid, and reliable measure of activity in older adults and particularly may be useful to triangulate measurement of activity in these individuals.	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Nursing; Peer Reviewed; USA. No. of Refs: 20 ref. NLM UID: 9318902.
PMID: 11881269		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2002056461&site=ehost-live		University of Maryland School of Nursing, Room 375, 655 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201						rzh	EBSCOhost	
R. Rhodes, H. Murray, V. Temple, H. Tuokko and J. Higgins	2012	Pilot study of a dog walking randomized intervention: effects of a focus on canine exercise		Preventive medicine			54		5	309-12						Randomized Controlled Trial		Pilot study of a dog walking randomized intervention: effects of a focus on canine exercise								Pubmed 22405707						CN-00836450				OBJECTIVE: The promotion of dog walking among owners who do not walk their dogs regularly may be a viable physical activity intervention aperture, yet research is very limited and no intervention studies have employed control groups. Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study was to examine the viability of dog walking for physical activity intervention using messages targeting canine exercise. METHOD: Inactive dog owners (n=58) were randomized to either a standard control condition or the intervention (persuasive material about canine health from walking and a calendar to mark walks) after completing a baseline questionnaire package and wearing a pedometer for one week. Participants (standard condition n=28; intervention condition n=30) completed the six and 12 week follow-up questionnaire packages. RESULTS: Intention to treat analyses showed that both groups increased physical activity significantly across the 12 weeks (?(2)=0.09 to 0.21). The intervention group resulted in significantly higher step-counts compared to the control group (? 1823 steps) and showed significantly higher trajectories from baseline to 12 weeks in the self-reported physical activity measures (?(2)=0.11 to 0.27). CONCLUSION: The results are promising for the viability of increasing dog walking as a means for physical activity promotion and suggest that theoretical fidelity targeting canine exercise may be a helpful approach.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/450/CN-00836450/frame.html										
R. Rhodes, D. Warburton and S. Bredin	2009	Predicting the effect of interactive video bikes on exercise adherence: An efficacy trial		Psychology, health & medicine			14		6	631-40						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Predicting the effect of interactive video bikes on exercise adherence: An efficacy trial								Pubmed 20183536						CN-00751079				Exercise games that employ video game technology are increasing in the marketplace but have received scant research attention despite their popularity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of videobike gaming on the constructs of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and adherence in comparison to a cycling condition where participants listen to self-selected music. Participants were 29 inactive young men assigned randomly to experimental (n = 16) or comparison (n = 13) conditions. The recommended training regime consisted of moderate intensity activity (60-75% heart rate reserve), 3 days/week for 30 min/day for 6 weeks. At the end of the first session, participants were asked to complete TPB measures and these were subsequently measured 6 weeks later. Attendance was used as the measure of adherence. Results showed that affective attitude and adherence across the 6 weeks significantly favored the videobike condition over the comparison condition. Regression analyses suggested partial mediation of the effect of the videobike condition on adherence via affective attitude. This is the first study to provide evidence that interactive videobikes may improve adherence over traditional cycling because the activity produces higher affective attitudes. The results are promising for expanding to community-based evaluation.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/079/CN-00751079/frame.html										
C. Richards, F. Malouin, G. Bravo, F. Dumas and S. Wood-Dauphinee	2004	The role of technology in task-oriented training in persons with subacute stroke: a randomized controlled trial		Neurorehabilitation and neural repair			18		4	199-211						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The role of technology in task-oriented training in persons with subacute stroke: a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 15537991						CN-00504208				This trial compares the effects of task-oriented physical therapy (PT) provided with and without the use of rehabilitation technology on locomotor recovery in 63 persons with subacute stroke. Participants in the experimental (EXP) group used a treadmill, a Kinetron isokinetic exerciser, and a limb-load monitor, whereas those in the control (CTL) group did not while engaging in PT 1 h per day, 5 days per week for 2 months. Locomotor recovery was assessed by clinical (gait speed, Fugl Meyer motor leg and arm subscores, the Balance Scale, the Timed Up and Go, and the Barthel ambulation subscore) and laboratory outcomes (gait kinematics and kinetics) pre- and posttherapy and 3 months later. Within groups, gait speed (P < 0.01) and all secondary measures improved posttherapy (P < 0.01-0.05), and improvements in clinical measures were maintained at follow-up, but there was no difference between groups (P > 0.05). When the groups were pooled, the increase in gait speed was associated (r = 0.52, P = 0.003) with an increase in ankle power generation of the affected leg. The results demonstrate that the efficacy of the task-oriented approach is not dependent on rehabilitation technology.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/208/CN-00504208/frame.html										
J. Richardson, D. Chan, K. Risdon, C. Giles, S. Mulveney and D. Cripps	2008	Does monitoring change in function in community-dwelling older adults alter outcome? A randomized controlled trial		Clinical rehabilitation			22		12	1061-70						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Does monitoring change in function in community-dwelling older adults alter outcome? A randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 19052245						CN-00682136				OBJECTIVE: To determine whether information about an older person's physical functioning provided to the patient and his or her physician delays functional decline and improves health outcomes. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial was undertaken; the assessors were not blinded to the group allocation. SETTING: The study took place in a clinic within a hospital setting. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred and sixty-five community-dwelling people over 65 years were recruited from family practice units. INTERVENTIONS: The intervention group received assessments of physical function with feedback to the participant and the participant's family physician or functional assessments alone over 18 months. Self-report measures for health status using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) and preclinical disability were used together with performance measures which included the lower extremity performance test and muscle strength. RESULTS: There were small, statistically significant group/time interactions which included disability scores, F=4.78, P < or =0.05), and the vitality subscale of the SF-36, F=7.47, P < or =0.01). CONCLUSION: Providing information about the results of detailed assessment of physical functioning to older adults and their physicians did not show significant differences in function scores between the intervention and control groups.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/136/CN-00682136/frame.html										
C. Richter, T. Panigas, D. Bündchen, T. Dipp, K. Belli and P. Viecili	2010	Blood pressure reduction in hyper-reactive individuals after aerobic exercise		Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia			95		2	251-7						Randomized Controlled Trial		Blood pressure reduction in hyper-reactive individuals after aerobic exercise								Pubmed 20602006						CN-00813318				BACKGROUND: Some normotensive sedentary individuals have an exaggerated increase in blood pressure (BP) during physical activity, which is a behavior that is called blood pressure hyper-reactivity. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of an aerobic exercise program (AEP) on blood pressure in individuals with blood pressure hyper-reactivity (BPH). METHODS: Ten male volunteers with BPH, aged 45 ± 10 years, referred to as the experimental group (EG), took part in an AEP on a treadmill, 3 times a week for two months. They were compared to 14 men with BPH, aged 48 ± 8 years, referred to as the control group (CG), who remained sedentary. The subjects were evaluated before and after the AEP by stress test for comparison purposes. We evaluated the initial, peak and test-end heart rates (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). RESULTS: There a significant decrease in the initial SBP (-5%; p=0.01), initial DBP (-4.6%; p=0.01), peak SBP (-12.4%; p=0.001), peak DBP (-14.7%; p=0.03), final SBP (-4.6%, p=0.03) in the EG. The CG continued with its hyper-reactive behavior, which evolved to more exaggerated levels when the results before and after the study were compared (p<0.04). In the HR, there was an increase only in the final HR, of 11.3 bpm, after training (p=0.02). The test-peak VO2 increased by 4.4 ml.kg(-1) x min(-1) in the EG (p=0.01) and remained similar in the CG. CONCLUSION: The AEP normalized the behavior of the blood pressure hyper-reactivity in sedentary men.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/318/CN-00813318/frame.html										
B. C. Rider, D. R. Bassett, D. L. Thompson, E. A. Steeves and H. Raynor	2014	Monitoring capabilities of the Omron HJ-720ITC pedometer		Physician & Sportsmedicine			42		1	24-9					Feb			Monitoring capabilities of the Omron HJ-720ITC pedometer	Phys Sportsmed	0091-3847												24565818				PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to examine the monitoring capabilities of the Omron HJ-720ITC pedometer and determine the feasibility of using it in physical activity interventions.
METHODS: Using data from an 8-week lifestyle-intervention study, we tested the capabilities of the pedometer for recording physical activity data. Data from a total of 28 subjects were used in our analysis. The total number of patient steps per day was recorded over the duration of an intervention, as well as "aerobic steps per day" (ie, those taken at a cadence of > 60 steps per minute for > 10 consecutive minutes). Daily wear time was computed in order to ascertain participant compliance in wearing the pedometer. In addition, aerobic steps per minute were computed, providing an assessment of activity intensity during continuous walking bouts.
RESULTS: Total steps per day and aerobic steps per day increased from baseline assessment to Week 8. Participants exceeded 100 steps/minute for 89% of their aerobic minutes, suggesting that they were in the moderate-intensity range (3-6 metabolic equivalent tasks) when performing continuous bouts of walking (> 10 minutes).
CONCLUSION: The new pedometer is a reasonably priced, wearable activity monitor that is feasible for use in clinical and research settings.	Rider, Brian C
Bassett, David R
Thompson, Dixie L
Steeves, Elizabeth Anderson
Raynor, Hollie		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24565818http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:24565818&id=doi:10.3810%2Fpsm.2014.02.2044&issn=0091-3847&volume=42&issue=1&spage=24&pages=24-9&date=2014&title=Physician+%26+Sportsmedicine&atitle=Monitoring+capabilities+of+the+Omron+HJ-720ITC+pedometer.&aulast=Rider&pid=%3Cauthor%3ERider+BC%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E24565818%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN. brider1@utk.edu.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. Ried-Larsen, J. C. Brond, S. Brage, B. H. Hansen, M. Grydeland, L. B. Andersen and N. C. Moller	2012	Mechanical and free living comparisons of four generations of the Actigraph activity monitor		International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition & Physical Activity			9			113						Comparative Study		Mechanical and free living comparisons of four generations of the Actigraph activity monitor	Int	1479-5868					PMC3463450							22971175				BACKGROUND: More studies include multiple generations of the Actigraph activity monitor. So far no studies have compared the output including the newest generation and investigated the impact on the output of the activity monitor when enabling the low frequency extension (LFE) option. The aims were to study the responses of four generations (AM7164, GT1M, GT3X and GT3X+) of the Actigraph activity monitor in a mechanical setup and a free living environment with and without enabling the LFE option.
METHODS: The monitors were oscillated in a mechanical setup using two radii in the frequency range 0.25-3.0Hz. Following the mechanical study a convenience sample (N=20) wore three monitors (one AM7164 and two GT3X) for 24hours.
RESULTS: The AM7164 differed from the newer generations across frequencies (p<0.05) in the mechanical setup. The AM7164 produced a higher output at the lower and at the highest intensities, whereas the output was lower at the middle intensities in the mid-range compared to the newer generations. The LFE option decreased the differences at the lower frequencies, but increased differences at the higher. In free living, the mean physical activity level (PA) of the GT3X was 18 counts per minute (CPM) (8%) lower compared to the AM7164 (p<0.001). Time spent in sedentary intensity was 26.6minutes (95% CI 15.6 to 35.3) higher when assessed by the GT3X compared to the AM7164 (p<0.001). Time spend in light and vigorous PA were 23.3minutes (95% CI 31.8 to 14.8) and 11.7minutes (95% CI 2.8 to 0.7) lower when assessed by the GT3X compared to the AM7164 (p<0.05). When enabling the LFE the differences in the sedentary and light PA intensity (<333 counts*10sec-1) were attenuated (p>0.05 for differences between generations) thus attenuated the difference in mean PA (p>0.05) when the LFE option was enabled. However, it did not attenuate the difference in time spend in vigorous PA and it introduced a difference in time spend in moderate PA (+ 3.0min (95% CI 0.4 to 5.6)) between the generations.
CONCLUSION: We observed significant differences between the AM7164 and the newer Actigraph GT-generations (GT1M, GT3X and GT3X+) in a mechanical setup and in free-living. Enabling the LFE option attenuated the differences in mean PA completely, but induced a bias in the moderate PA intensities.	Ried-Larsen, Mathias
Brond, Jan Christian
Brage, Soren
Hansen, Bjorge Herman
Grydeland, May
Andersen, Lars Bo
Moller, Niels Christian
MC_U106179473 (United Kingdom Medical Research Council)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medc&AN=22971175http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+Corrections&genre=article&id=pmid:22971175&id=doi:10.1186%2F1479-5868-9-113&issn=1479-5868&volume=9&issue=&spage=113&pages=113&date=2012&title=International+Journal+of+Behavioral+Nutrition+%26+Physical+Activity&atitle=Mechanical+and+free+living+comparisons+of+four+generations+of+the+Actigraph+activity+monitor.&aulast=Ried-Larsen&pid=%3Cauthor%3ERied-Larsen+M%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22971175%3C%2FAN%3E		University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Campusvej, Odense M, Denmark. mried-larsen@health.sdu.dk						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. Ring, L. Harrison, A. Winzer, D. Carroll, M. Drayson and M. Kendall	2000	Secretory immunoglobulin A and cardiovascular reactions to mental arithmetic, cold pressor, and exercise: effects of alpha-adrenergic blockade		Psychophysiology			37		5	634-43						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial;		Secretory immunoglobulin A and cardiovascular reactions to mental arithmetic, cold pressor, and exercise: effects of alpha-adrenergic blockade								Pubmed 11037040						CN-00372477				The mechanism underlying acute changes in secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) remains to be determined. In this experiment, sIgA and cardiovascular activity were monitored at rest and while participants performed a mental arithmetic task, cold pressor, and submaximal cycle exercise following placebo or 1 mg of the alpha-adrenergic blocker, doxazosin. Under placebo, the tasks produced patterns of cardiovascular activity indicative of combined alpha- and beta-adrenergic, alpha-adrenergic, and beta-adrenergic activation, respectively. Doxazosin was associated with reduced blood pressure during cold pressor, but not during arithmetic or exercise. Mental arithmetic elicited increases in sIgA concentration and exercise produced increases in both sIgA concentration and secretion rate; these changes were unaffected by alpha blockade. In contrast, the cold pressor was associated with decreases in both sIgA concentration and secretion rate, which were blocked by doxazosin. These data suggest that acute decreases, but not increases, in sIgA are mediated by alpha-adrenergic mechanisms.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/477/CN-00372477/frame.html										
S. Ring-Dimitriou, S. Duvillard, M. Stadlmann, H. Kinnunen, O. Drachta, E. Müller, R. Laukkanen, J. Hamra, S. Weeks and K. Peak	2008	Changes in physical fitness in moderately fit adults with and without the use of exercise telemetry monitors		European journal of applied physiology			102		5	505-13						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Changes in physical fitness in moderately fit adults with and without the use of exercise telemetry monitors								Pubmed 18026864						CN-00637209				One of the goals of exercise prescription is the use of easily understandable physical activities to improve physical fitness. Lack of study designs investigating self-administered programs utilizing exercise telemetry monitors (ETM) compared to a no exercise telemetry monitors (NETM) guided exercise programs exist. The aim of the study was to determine whether the ETM programs improve physical fitness more than NETM programs and to measure differences between males and females. Fifty-one adults were randomly divided into either the ETM group (n = 34, age = 37.9 +/- 5.0 years, BMI = 24.6 +/- 3.0, VO(2) = 37.9 +/- 7.7 ml kg(-1) min(-1)) or the NETM group (n = 27, age = 39.6 +/- 5.5 years, BMI = 24.5 +/- 4.2, VO(2) = 40.8 +/- 6.5 ml kg(-1) min(-1)). All subjects completed a maximal incremental treadmill test to determine their submaximal and maximal running performance, oxygen uptake (VO(2)peak, VO(2-AT), VO(2-70%), km h(-1) peak, km h(-1) (AT), km h(-1) (70%)) before and after 10 weeks of an unsupervised exercise program. All exercise sessions for ETM and NETM groups were individually recorded and analyzed. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that running performance at anaerobic threshold increased significantly in ETM vs. NETM groups (P <or= 0.03). Males in the ETM group improved significantly in all variables of VO(2), and in km h(-1) (AT) after 10 week. No significant differences in VO(2) were found for female groups. Based on the exercise records, women in the NETM group completed significantly more sessions (P <or= 0.03), specifically more moderately intense sessions (P <or= 0.02), compared to the ETM-female group. Males did not differ in total exercise sessions; however, ETM-men completed significantly more light sessions (P <or= 0.01) compared to men in NETM. Running was the activity of choice. After 10 weeks of telemetry monitor prescribed exercise program, only men, but not women, improved in physical fitness.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/209/CN-00637209/frame.html										
D. Robbins, W. Young, D. Behm and W. Payne	2009	Effects of agonist-antagonist complex resistance training on upper body strength and power development		Journal of sports sciences			27		14	1617-25						Randomized Controlled Trial		Effects of agonist-antagonist complex resistance training on upper body strength and power development								Pubmed 19967584						CN-00748732				The objective of this study was to examine the chronic effects on strength and power of performing complex versus traditional set training over eight weeks. Fifteen trained males were assessed for throw height, peak velocity, and peak power in the bench press throw and one-repetition maximum (1-RM) in the bench press and bench pull exercises, before and after the eight-week programme. The traditional set group performed the pulling before the pushing exercise sets, whereas the complex set group alternated pulling and pushing sets. The complex set training sessions were completed in approximately half the time. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was monitored during both test sessions in an attempt to determine if it was affected as a result of the training programme. Although there were no differences in the dependent variables between the two conditions, bench pull and bench press 1-RM increased significantly under the complex set condition and peak power increased significantly under the traditional set condition. Effect size statistics suggested that the complex set was more time-efficient than the traditional set condition with respect to development of 1-RM bench pull and bench press, peak velocity and peak power. The EMG activity was not affected. Complex set training would appear to be an effective method of exercise with respect to efficiency and strength development.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/732/CN-00748732/frame.html										
D. Robbins, W. Young, D. Behm, W. Payne and M. Klimstra	2010	Physical performance and electromyographic responses to an acute bout of paired set strength training versus traditional strength training		Journal of strength and conditioning research			24		5	1237-45						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Physical performance and electromyographic responses to an acute bout of paired set strength training versus traditional strength training								Pubmed 20440121						CN-00748630				The objective of this study was to investigate the acute effects of performing paired set (PS) vs. traditional set (TS) training over 3 consecutive sets on volume load (VL) and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi, and trapezius muscles. Following a familiarization session 16 trained males performed 2 testing protocols using 4 repetition maximum loads: TS (3 sets of bench pull [Bpull] followed by 3 sets of bench press [Bpress] performed in approximately 20 minutes) or PS (3 sets of Bpull and 3 sets of Bpress performed in an alternating manner in approximately 10 minutes). Bpull and Bpress VL decreased significantly from set 1 to set 2 and from set 2 to set 3 under both conditions. There was no difference between VL per set, or over the sessions, between the 2 conditions. PS was determined to be more efficient (VL/time) as compared to TS. EMG activity of the 4 monitored muscles was not different for the 2 conditions or within each condition over the 3 sets. However, there was a significant within-set response in EMG activity in the Bpress exercise. The data suggest that a 4-minute rest interval between sets may not be adequate to maintain VL using either protocol. The data further suggest that PS training may be as effective as TS training in terms of VL maintenance and more effective in terms of efficiency. The comparison of EMG activity between the PS and TS protocols suggests that the level of neuromuscular fatigue does not differ under the 2 conditions. PS training would appear to be an effective method of exercise with respect to VL maintenance and efficiency.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/630/CN-00748630/frame.html										
L. Robinson, D. Hutchings, H. O. Dickinson, L. Corner, F. Beyer, T. Finch, J. Hughes, A. Vanoli, C. Ballard and J. Bond	2007	Effectiveness and acceptability of non-pharmacological interventions to reduce wandering in dementia: a systematic review		International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry			22		1	9-22					Jan	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review		Effectiveness and acceptability of non-pharmacological interventions to reduce wandering in dementia: a systematic review	Int J Geriatr Psychiatry	0885-6230												17096455				BACKGROUND: Wandering occurs in 15-60% of people with dementia. Psychosocial interventions rather than pharmacological methods are recommended, but evidence for their effectiveness is limited and there are ethical concerns associated with some non-pharmacological approaches, such as electronic tracking devices.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical and cost effectiveness and acceptability of non-pharmacological interventions to reduce wandering in dementia.
DESIGN: A systematic review to evaluate effectiveness of the interventions and to assess acceptability and ethical issues associated with their use. The search and review strategy, data extraction and analysis followed recommended guidance. Papers of relevance to effectiveness, acceptability and ethical issues were sought.
RESULTS: (i) Clinical effectiveness. Eleven studies, including eight randomised controlled trials, of a variety of interventions, met the inclusion criteria. There was no robust evidence to recommend any intervention, although there was some weak evidence for exercise. No relevant studies to determine cost effectiveness met the inclusion criteria. (ii) Acceptability/ethical issues. None of the acceptability papers reported directly the views of people with dementia. Exercise and music therapy were the most acceptable interventions and raised no ethical concerns. Tracking and tagging devices were acceptable to carers but generated considerable ethical debate. Physical restraints were considered unacceptable.
CONCLUSIONS: In order to reduce unsafe wandering high quality research is needed to determine the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions that are practically and ethically acceptable to users. It is important to establish the views of people with dementia on the acceptability of such interventions prior to evaluating their effectiveness through complex randomised controlled trials. Copyright 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [References: 76]	Robinson, L
Hutchings, D
Dickinson, H O
Corner, L
Beyer, F
Finch, T
Hughes, J
Vanoli, A
Ballard, C
Bond, J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17096455http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:17096455&id=doi:&issn=0885-6230&volume=22&issue=1&spage=9&pages=9-22&date=2007&title=International+Journal+of+Geriatric+Psychiatry&atitle=Effectiveness+and+acceptability+of+non-pharmacological+interventions+to+reduce+wandering+in+dementia%3A+a+systematic+review.&aulast=Robinson&pid=%3Cauthor%3ERobinson+L%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E17096455%3C%2FAN%3E		Centre for Health Services Research, University of Newcastle, School of Population & Health Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. a.l.robinson@ncl.ac.uk						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. Robroek, F. Bredt and A. Burdorf	2007	The (cost-)effectiveness of an individually tailored long-term worksite health promotion programme on physical activity and nutrition: design of a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial		BMC public health			7			259						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The (cost-)effectiveness of an individually tailored long-term worksite health promotion programme on physical activity and nutrition: design of a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial								Pubmed 17888161						CN-00619555				BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of disability and mortality in most Western countries. The prevalence of several risk factors, most notably low physical activity and poor nutrition, is very high. Therefore, lifestyle behaviour changes are of great importance. The worksite offers an efficient structure to reach large groups and to make use of a natural social network. This study investigates a worksite health promotion programme with individually tailored advice in physical activity and nutrition and individual counselling to increase compliance with lifestyle recommendations and sustainability of a healthy lifestyle. METHODS/DESIGN: The study is a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial with the worksite as the unit of randomisation. All workers will receive a standard worksite health promotion program. Additionally, the intervention group will receive access to an individual Health Portal consisting of four critical features: a computer-tailored advice, a monitoring function, a personal coach, and opportunities to contact professionals at request. Participants are employees working for companies in the Netherlands, being literate enough to read and understand simple Internet-based messages in the Dutch language.A questionnaire to assess primary outcomes (compliance with national recommendations on physical activity and on fruit and vegetable intake) will take place at baseline and after 12 and 24 months. This questionnaire also assesses secondary outcomes including fat intake, self-efficacy and self-perceived barriers on physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake. Other secondary outcomes, including a cardiovascular risk profile and physical fitness, will be measured at baseline and after 24 months. Apart from the effect evaluation, a process evaluation will be carried out to gain insight into participation and adherence to the worksite health promotion programme. A cost-effectiveness analysis and sensitivity analysis will be carried out as well. DISCUSSION: The unique combination of features makes the individually tailored worksite health promotion programme a promising tool for health promotion. It is hypothesized that the Health Portal's features will counteract loss to follow-up, and will increase compliance with the lifestyle recommendations and sustainability of a healthy lifestyle. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN52854353.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/555/CN-00619555/frame.html										
S. Robroek, D. Lindeboom and A. Burdorf	2012	Initial and sustained participation in an internet-delivered long-term worksite health promotion program on physical activity and nutrition		Journal of medical Internet research			14		2	e43						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Initial and sustained participation in an internet-delivered long-term worksite health promotion program on physical activity and nutrition								Pubmed 22390886						CN-00814722				BACKGROUND: Determinants of participation in health promotion programs are largely unknown. To evaluate and implement interventions, information is needed regarding their reach as well as regarding the characteristics of program users and non-users. OBJECTIVE: In this study, individual, lifestyle, and health indicators were investigated in relation to initial, and sustained participation in an Internet-delivered physical activity and healthy nutrition program in the workplace setting. In addition, determinants of program website use were studied. METHODS: Determinants of participation were investigated in a longitudinal study among employees from six workplaces participating in a two-year cluster randomized controlled trial. The employees were invited by email to participate. At baseline, all participants visited a website to fill out the questionnaire on lifestyle, work, and health factors. Subsequently, a physical health check was offered, followed by face-to-face advice. Throughout the study period, all participants had access to a website with information on lifestyle and health, and to fully automated personalized feedback on the questionnaire results. Only participants in the intervention received monthly email messages to promote website visits during the first year and had access to additional Web-based tools (self-monitors, a food frequency questionnaire assessing saturated fat intake, and the possibility to ask questions) to support behavior change. Website use was monitored by website statistics measuring access. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify characteristics of employees who participated in the program and used the website. RESULTS: Complete baseline data were available for 924 employees (intervention: n=456, reference: n=468). Lifestyle and health factors were not associated with initial participation. Employees aged 30 years and older were more likely to start using the program and to sustain their participation. Workers with a low intention to increase their physical activity level were less likely to participate (Odds Ratio (OR)=0.60, 95% Confidence interval (95%CI), 0.43-0.85) but more likely to sustain participation throughout the study period (ORs ranging from 1.40 to 2.06). Furthermore, it was found that smokers were less likely to sustain their participation in the first and second year (OR=0.54, 95%CI 0.35-0.82) and to visit the website (OR=0.72, 95%CI 0.54-0.96). Website use was highest in the periods immediately after the baseline (73%) and follow-up questionnaires (71% and 87%). Employees in the intervention were more likely to visit the website in the period they received monthly emails (OR=5.88, 95%CI 3.75-9.20) but less likely to visit the website in the subsequent period (OR=0.62, 95%CI 0.45-0.85). CONCLUSIONS: Modest initial participation and high attrition in program use were found. Workers with a low intention to change their behavior were less likely to participate, but once enrolled they were more likely to sustain their participation. Lifestyle and health indicators were not related to initial participation, but those with an unhealthy lifestyle were less likely to sustain. This might influence program effectiveness. Regular email messages prompted website use, but the use of important Web-based tools was modest. There is a need for more appealing techniques to enhance retention and to keep those individuals who need it most attracted to the program. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN52854353; http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN52854353.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/722/CN-00814722/frame.html										
S. Robroek, S. Polinder, F. Bredt and A. Burdorf	2012	Cost-effectiveness of a long-term Internet-delivered worksite health promotion programme on physical activity and nutrition: a cluster randomized controlled trial		Health education research			27		3	399-410						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Cost-effectiveness of a long-term Internet-delivered worksite health promotion programme on physical activity and nutrition: a cluster randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 22350194						CN-00837176				This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a long-term workplace health promotion programme on physical activity (PA) and nutrition. In total, 924 participants enrolled in a 2-year cluster randomized controlled trial, with departments (n = 74) within companies (n = 6) as the unit of randomization. The intervention was compared with a standard programme consisting of a physical health check with face-to-face advice and personal feedback on a website. The intervention consisted of several additional website functionalities: action-oriented feedback, self-monitoring, possibility to ask questions and monthly e-mail messages. Primary outcomes were meeting the guidelines for PA and fruit and vegetable intake. Secondary outcomes were self-perceived health, obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated cholesterol level and maximum oxygen uptake. Direct and indirect costs were calculated from a societal perspective, and a process evaluation was performed. Of the 924 participants, 72% participated in the first and 60% in the second follow-up. No statistically significant differences were found on primary and secondary outcomes, nor on costs. Average direct costs per participant over the 2-year period were ?376, and average indirect costs were ?9476. In conclusion, no additional benefits were found in effects or cost savings. Therefore, the programme in its current form cannot be recommended for implementation.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/176/CN-00837176/frame.html										
L. Rochester, S. F. Chastin, S. Lord, K. Baker and D. J. Burn	2012	Understanding the impact of deep brain stimulation on ambulatory activity in advanced Parkinson's disease		Journal of Neurology			259		6	1081-6					Jun	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Understanding the impact of deep brain stimulation on ambulatory activity in advanced Parkinson's disease	J Neurol	1432-1459												22086738				Whilst deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (DBS-STN) improves the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), its effect on daily activity is unknown. We aimed to quantify changes in ambulatory activity following DBS-STN in advanced PD using novel accelerometry based measures that describe changes to the volume and pattern of walking. Seventeen participants with advanced PD were measured over a 7-day period using an activPAL () activity monitor. Data were collected 6 weeks before and 6 months after surgery and included measures that describe the volume and pattern of ambulatory activity (number of steps per day, accumulation, diversity and variability of walking time), alongside standard measures for disease severity, freezing of gait, gait speed, and extended activities of daily living. Activity outcomes were compared pre- and 6 months post-surgery using linear mixed models and correlated with standard outcomes. The results of this study are despite significant improvements in motor symptoms after surgery, the volume of ambulatory activity (total number of steps per day) did not change (P = 0.468). However, significant increases in length and variability of walking bouts emerged, suggesting improvements in diversity and flexibility of walking patterns. Motor severity and extended activities of daily living scores were significantly correlated with walking bout variability but not with volume of walking. Thus, the conclusions are reduction in motor symptom severity after DBS-STN translated into selective improvements in daily activity. Novel measures derived from accelerometry provide a discrete measure of performance and allow closer interpretation of the impact of DBS-STN on real-world activity.	Rochester, Lynn
Chastin, Sebastien Francois Martin
Lord, Sue
Baker, Katherine
Burn, David John
G0900686 (United Kingdom Medical Research Council)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medc&AN=22086738http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+Corrections&genre=article&id=pmid:22086738&id=doi:10.1007%2Fs00415-011-6301-9&issn=0340-5354&volume=259&issue=6&spage=1081&pages=1081-6&date=2012&title=Journal+of+Neurology&atitle=Understanding+the+impact+of+deep+brain+stimulation+on+ambulatory+activity+in+advanced+Parkinson%27s+disease.&aulast=Rochester&pid=%3Cauthor%3ERochester+L%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22086738%3C%2FAN%3E		Institute for Ageing and Health, Clinical Ageing Research Unit, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK. lynn.rochester@ncl.ac.uk						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

L. Rochester, D. Jones, V. Hetherington, A. Nieuwboer, A. M. Willems, G. Kwakkel and E. van Wegen	2006	Gait and gait-related activities and fatigue in Parkinson's disease: what is the relationship?		Disability & Rehabilitation			28		22	1365-71					Nov 30	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Gait and gait-related activities and fatigue in Parkinson's disease: what is the relationship?	Disabil Rehabil	0963-8288												17071567				PURPOSE: To explore the relationship between gait and gait-related activities and fatigue in Parkinson's disease (PD).
METHOD: Twenty people with idiopathic PD (12 male, 8 female; mean age 64.6 +/- 7.96) and 10 age, sex and education matched controls (6 male, 4 female; mean age 63.5 +/- 7.03) wore an activity monitor for approximately 24 h, from which the percentage time walking and standing, the number of periods of walking greater than 10 sec were derived. Prior to monitoring, levels of fatigue (Multi-dimensional Fatigue Index, MFI) were evaluated.
RESULTS: Activity data related to gait were compared for the waking hours of the day, reflected by the period between 6 am and 10 pm. Overall, PD subjects demonstrated reduced activity compared to controls, however there was no significant difference between PD and controls for the percentage time spent walking (p = 0.149), standing (p = 1.0) or engaged in periods of walking that were greater than 10 sec (p = 0.059). Significantly greater levels of fatigue were experienced by PD subjects in all MFI domains compared to controls (physical p = 0.001; activity p = 0.001; general p = 0.001; mental p = 0.028; motivation p = 0.024). There was no clear association between activity and fatigue in PD subjects.
CONCLUSIONS: Evidence of increased fatigue is not supported by evidence of significantly decreased levels of activity in PD subjects. The relationship between activity and fatigue therefore remains unclear, highlighting the complex nature of the relationship between these factors. Further work is required to increase our understanding of the impact of fatigue on gait and gait-related activity so that improved management can be explored.	Rochester, Lynn
Jones, Diana
Hetherington, Victoria
Nieuwboer, Alice
Willems, Anne-Marie
Kwakkel, Gert
van Wegen, Erwin		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17071567http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:17071567&id=doi:&issn=0963-8288&volume=28&issue=22&spage=1365&pages=1365-71&date=2006&title=Disability+%26+Rehabilitation&atitle=Gait+and+gait-related+activities+and+fatigue+in+Parkinson%27s+disease%3A+what+is+the+relationship%3F.&aulast=Rochester&pid=%3Cauthor%3ERochester+L%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E17071567%3C%2FAN%3E		School of Health, Community and Education Studies, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. Lynn.Rochester@northumbria.ac.uk						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. Rodearmel, H. Wyatt, N. Stroebele, S. Smith, L. Ogden and J. Hill	2007	Small changes in dietary sugar and physical activity as an approach to preventing excessive weight gain: the America on the Move family study		Pediatrics			120		4	e869-79						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Small changes in dietary sugar and physical activity as an approach to preventing excessive weight gain: the America on the Move family study								Pubmed 17908743						CN-00612335				OBJECTIVES: The intent of this study was to evaluate whether small changes in diet and physical activity, as promoted by the America on the Move initiative, could prevent excessive weight gain in overweight children. METHODS: In this family-intervention study, the America on the Move small-changes approach for weight-gain prevention was evaluated in families with at least 1 child (7-14 years old) who was overweight or at risk for overweight. These children were the primary target of the intervention, and parents were the secondary target. Families were randomly assigned to either the America on the Move group (n = 100) or the self-monitor-only group (n = 92). Families who were assigned to the America on the Move group were asked to make 2 small lifestyle changes: (1) to walk an additional 2000 steps per day above baseline as measured by pedometers and (2) to eliminate 420 kJ/day (100 kcal/day) from their typical diet by replacing dietary sugar with a noncaloric sweetener. Families who were assigned to the self-monitor group were asked to use pedometers to record physical activity but were not asked to change their diet or physical activity level. RESULTS: During a 6-month period, both groups of children showed significant decreases in BMI for age. However, the America on the Move group compared with the self-monitor group had a significantly higher percentage of target children who maintained or reduced their BMI for age and, consistently, a significantly lower percentage who increased their BMI for age. There was no significant weight gain during the 6-month intervention in parents of either group. CONCLUSIONS: The small-changes approach advocated by America on the Move could be useful for addressing childhood obesity by preventing excess weight gain in families.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/335/CN-00612335/frame.html										
M. M. Rodgers, Z. A. Cohen, L. Joseph, W. Rossi and P. Workshop on Personal Motion Technologies for Healthy Independent Living	2012	Workshop on personal motion technologies for healthy independent living: executive summary		Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation			93		6	935-9					Jun	Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Review		Workshop on personal motion technologies for healthy independent living: executive summary	Arch Phys Med Rehabil	1532-821X												22465525				The objective of the June 2010 "Workshop on Personal Motions Technologies for Healthy Independent Living" was to discuss personal motion technologies that might enable older adults and individuals with disability to live independently for longer periods. The 60 participants included clinicians, academic researchers, engineers, patient advocates, caregivers, members of the public, and federal representatives. The workshop was divided into 6 sessions that addressed the following: (1) use of technologies in identifying early indicators of disease or adverse events; (2) monitoring daily activities; (3) coping with impairment; (4) managing mild cognitive impairment; (5) rehabilitation and exercise in the home; and (6) caregiver support. Presentations and discussion focused on clinical needs, the health impact of addressing those needs, state-of-the-art technologies, and challenges to adoption of those technologies. Conclusions included the following: (1) Involvement of end-users in research and development will increase the likelihood that technologies will be adopted. (2) Integration of differing types of technology into a system that includes clinical measures is required for independent living. (3) Seniors are willing to sacrifice some privacy for an effective technology that keeps them in their homes as long as they control who receives their data. (4) Multilevel and multiscale models are needed to understand motion in the context of the environment and to design effective systems. Copyright 2012 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Rodgers, Mary M
Cohen, Zohara A
Joseph, Lyndon
Rossi, Winifred
Workshop on Personal Motion Technologies for Healthy Independent Living Presenters
Alwan M
Bajcsy R
Brill K
Cullen N
Gill T
Hanson GJ
Jovanov E
Kaye J
Miller T
Osborn J
O'Shea T
Ottenbacher K
Otto C
Paradiso J
Pavel M
Pynoos J
Rantz MJ
Rogers JC
Schmitter-Edgecombe M
Schulz R
Skubic M
Taler GA
Xie B		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22465525http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22465525&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.apmr.2011.12.026&issn=0003-9993&volume=93&issue=6&spage=935&pages=935-9&date=2012&title=Archives+of+Physical+Medicine+%26+Rehabilitation&atitle=Workshop+on+personal+motion+technologies+for+healthy+independent+living%3A+executive+summary.&aulast=Rodgers&pid=%3Cauthor%3ERodgers+MM%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22465525%3C%2FAN%3E		National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. rodgersmm@mail.nih.gov						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

D. A. Rodriguez, A. L. Brown and P. J. Troped	2005	Portable global positioning units to complement accelerometry-based physical activity monitors		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			37		11 Suppl	S572-81					Nov	Evaluation Studies
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Validation Studies		Portable global positioning units to complement accelerometry-based physical activity monitors	Med Sci Sports Exerc	0195-9131												16294120				PURPOSE: This study examines the usefulness of complementing accelerometry-based physical activity measurement with spatial data from portable global positioning system (GPS) units to determine where physical activity occurs.
METHODS: First, using the geographic distribution of data points and Bland-Altman plots, we examined GPS units' validity and interunit reliability by measuring the distance to a geodetic point. We also assessed interunit reliability by comparing GPS data collected in three built environment contexts. Second, we conducted a pilot study in which 35 participants wore GPS units and accelerometers in free-living conditions for 3 d. Moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) bouts were matched to GPS data. We classified each bout as occurring inside or outside the participant's home neighborhood. Using unpaired t-tests and Fisher's exact tests, we compared neighborhood attributes for participants having the majority of MVPA bouts within their home neighborhood, relative to those with most bouts away from their home neighborhood.
RESULTS: Average distance from each unit to the geodetic point was 3.02 m (SD 2.51). Average bias among units using Bland-Altman plots was 0.90 m, ranging from -0.22 to 1.86 m, within the limits of agreement. For interunit reliability in the built environment contexts, the mean distance difference among units ranged between 10.7 m (SD 11.9) and 20.1 m (SD 21.8). For the pilot study involving participants, GPS data were available for 59.3% of all bouts (67% of MVPA time), of which 46% were in the participants' neighborhood. Participants obtaining most of their MVPA in their neighborhoods tend to live in areas with higher population density, housing unit density, street connectivity, and more public parks.
CONCLUSION: Data recorded by portable GPS units is sufficiently precise to track participants' movements. Successful matching of activity monitor and locational data suggests GPS is a promising tool for complementing accelerometry-based physical activity measures. Our pilot analysis shows evidence that the relationship between environment and activity can be clarified by examining where physical activity occurs.	Rodriguez, Daniel A
Brown, Austin L
Troped, Philip J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16294120http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:16294120&id=doi:&issn=0195-9131&volume=37&issue=11&spage=S572&pages=S572-81&date=2005&title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&atitle=Portable+global+positioning+units+to+complement+accelerometry-based+physical+activity+monitors.&aulast=Rodriguez&pid=%3Cauthor%3ERodriguez+DA%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E16294120%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of City and Regional Planning, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3140, USA. danrod@email.unc.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

D. A. Rodríguez, A. L. Brown and P. J. Troped	2005	Portable global positioning units to complement accelerometry-based physical activity monitors		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			37		11	S572-81								Portable global positioning units to complement accelerometry-based physical activity monitors		0195-9131												2009089995. Language: English. Entry Date: 20060317. Revision Date: 20091218. Publication Type: journal article				PURPOSE: This study examines the usefulness of complementing accelerometry-based physical activity measurement with spatial data from portable global positioning system (GPS) units to determine where physical activity occurs. METHODS: First, using the geographic distribution of data points and Bland-Altman plots, we examined GPS units' validity and interunit reliability by measuring the distance to a geodetic point. We also assessed interunit reliability by comparing GPS data collected in three built environment contexts. Second, we conducted a pilot study in which 35 participants wore GPS units and accelerometers in free-living conditions for 3 d. Moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) bouts were matched to GPS data. We classified each bout as occurring inside or outside the participant's home neighborhood. Using unpaired t-tests and Fisher's exact tests, we compared neighborhood attributes for participants having the majority of MVPA bouts within their home neighborhood, relative to those with most bouts away from their home neighborhood. RESULTS: Average distance from each unit to the geodetic point was 3.02 m (SD 2.51). Average bias among units using Bland-Altman plots was 0.90 m, ranging from -0.22 to 1.86 m, within the limits of agreement. For interunit reliability in the built environment contexts, the mean distance difference among units ranged between 10.7 m (SD 11.9) and 20.1 m (SD 21.8). For the pilot study involving participants, GPS data were available for 59.3% of all bouts (67% of MVPA time), of which 46% were in the participants' neighborhood. Participants obtaining most of their MVPA in their neighborhoods tend to live in areas with higher population density, housing unit density, street connectivity, and more public parks. CONCLUSION: Data recorded by portable GPS units is sufficiently precise to track participants' movements. Successful matching of activity monitor and locational data suggests GPS is a promising tool for complementing accelerometry-based physical activity measures. Our pilot analysis shows evidence that the relationship between environment and activity can be clarified by examining where physical activity occurs.	research; tables/charts. Supplement Title: Supplement. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Physical Therapy; Sports Medicine. Grant Information: Supported in part by a grant from the University of North Carolina's Research Council and a Junior Faculty Development Award. No. of Refs: 31 ref. NLM UID: 8005433. Email: danrod@email.unc.edu.
PMID: 16294120		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2009089995&site=ehost-live		Department of City and Regional Planning, University of North Carolina, CB 3140 New East Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3140						rzh	EBSCOhost	
M. E. Roebroeck, L. Hempenius, B. van Baalen, J. G. M. Hendriksen, H. J. G. van den Berg-Emons and H. J. Stam	2006	Cognitive functioning of adolescents and young adults with meningomyelocele and level of everyday physical activity		Disability & Rehabilitation			28		20	1237-1242								Cognitive functioning of adolescents and young adults with meningomyelocele and level of everyday physical activity		0963-8288												2009337968. Language: English. Entry Date: 20070119. Revision Date: 20091218. Publication Type: journal article				PURPOSE: To explore whether cognitive functioning in patients with meningomyelocele (MMC) is related to level of everyday physical activity. METHOD: In a cross-sectional study in 14 patients with MMC (aged 14 - 26 years) a neuropsychological test battery was administered to each patient. Everyday physical activity of the patients was measured with an accelerometry-based Activity Monitor (AM), and compared to 14 healthy comparison subjects. RESULTS: Intellectual ability of 10 patients was in the normal range. For memory and verbal learning, executive functioning, divided attention and reaction speed subnormal scores were present in six or more patients. Time spent on dynamic activities was low in patients with MMC as compared to healthy subjects. After controlling for intellectual ability, we found that in patients with MMC (i) executive functioning was positively related, and (ii) word production was negatively related to everyday physical activity. CONCLUSION: We found some indication that specific impairments in executive functioning might be related to everyday physical activity of adolescents and young adults with MMC.	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Europe; Online/Print; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. Special Interest: Occupational Therapy; Pediatric Care; Physical Therapy. Instrumentation: Raven's Progressive Matrices; Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (AVLT); Tower of London Test; Trail Making Test (TMT); Functional Independence Measure (FIM); Groninger Intelligence Test. No. of Refs: 27 ref. NLM UID: 9207179. Email: m.roebroeck@erasmusmc.nl.
PMID: 17083168		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2009337968&site=ehost-live		Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC -- University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands						rzh	EBSCOhost	
M. E. Roebroeck, L. Hempenius, B. van Baalen, J. G. Hendriksen, H. J. van den Berg-Emons and H. J. Stam	2006	Cognitive functioning of adolescents and young adults with meningomyelocele and level of everyday physical activity		Disability & Rehabilitation			28		20	1237-42					Oct 30			Cognitive functioning of adolescents and young adults with meningomyelocele and level of everyday physical activity	Disabil Rehabil	0963-8288												17083168				PURPOSE: To explore whether cognitive functioning in patients with meningomyelocele (MMC) is related to level of everyday physical activity.
METHOD: In a cross-sectional study in 14 patients with MMC (aged 14 - 26 years) a neuropsychological test battery was administered to each patient. Everyday physical activity of the patients was measured with an accelerometry-based Activity Monitor (AM), and compared to 14 healthy comparison subjects.
RESULTS: Intellectual ability of 10 patients was in the normal range. For memory and verbal learning, executive functioning, divided attention and reaction speed subnormal scores were present in six or more patients. Time spent on dynamic activities was low in patients with MMC as compared to healthy subjects. After controlling for intellectual ability, we found that in patients with MMC (i) executive functioning was positively related, and (ii) word production was negatively related to everyday physical activity.
CONCLUSION: We found some indication that specific impairments in executive functioning might be related to everyday physical activity of adolescents and young adults with MMC.	Roebroeck, M E
Hempenius, L
van Baalen, B
Hendriksen, J G M
van den Berg-Emons, H J G
Stam, H J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17083168http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:17083168&id=doi:&issn=0963-8288&volume=28&issue=20&spage=1237&pages=1237-42&date=2006&title=Disability+%26+Rehabilitation&atitle=Cognitive+functioning+of+adolescents+and+young+adults+with+meningomyelocele+and+level+of+everyday+physical+activity.&aulast=Roebroeck&pid=%3Cauthor%3ERoebroeck+ME%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E17083168%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands. m.roebroeck@erasmusmc.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. Roebroeck, L. Hempenius, B. Van Baalen, J. Hendriksen, H. Van Den Berg-Emons and H. Stam	2006	Cognitive functioning of adolescents and young adults with meningomyelocele and level of everyday physical activity		Disability and Rehabilitation: An International, Multidisciplinary Journal			28		20	1237-1242					Oct	Empirical Study; Quantitative Study		Cognitive functioning of adolescents and young adults with meningomyelocele and level of everyday physical activity		0963-8288
1464-5165												2006-20517-001				Purpose: To explore whether cognitive functioning in patients with meningomyelocele (MMC) is related to level of everyday physical activity. Method: In a cross-sectional study in 14 patients with MMC (aged 14-26 years) a neuropsychological test battery was administered to each patient. Everyday physical activity of the patients was measured with an accelerometry-based Activity Monitor (AM), and compared to 14 healthy comparison subjects. Results: Intellectual ability of 10 patients was in the normal range. For memory and verbal learning, executive functioning, divided attention and reaction speed subnormal scores were present in six or more patients. Time spent on dynamic activities was low in patients with MMC as compared to healthy subjects. After controlling for intellectual ability, we found that in patients with MMC (i) executive functioning was positively related, and (ii) word production was negatively related to everyday physical activity. Conclusion: We found some indication that specific impairments in executive functioning might be related to everyday physical activity of adolescents and young adults with MMC. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).			http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=psyc5&AN=2006-20517-001http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:PsycINFO+<2006+to+2008>&genre=article&id=pmid:&id=doi:10.1080/09638280600551716&issn=0963-8288&volume=28&issue=20&spage=1237&pages=1237-1242&date=2006&title=Disability+and+Rehabilitation:+An+International,+Multidisciplinary+Journal&atitle=Cognitive+functioning+of+adolescents+and+young+adults+with+meningomyelocele+and+level+of+everyday+physical+activity.&aulast=Roebroeck&pid=<author>Roebroeck,+M.+E</author>&<AN>2006-20517-001</AN>		E
G. m
J. g
J
Roebroeck, M. E.: m.roebroeck@erasmusmc.nl
Roebroeck, M. E.: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 3000 CA, m.roebroeck@erasmusmc.nl
Roebroeck, M. E.: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands Hempenius, L.: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands Van Baalen, B.: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands Hendriksen, J. G. M.: Pediatric Rehabilitation Center Franciscusoord: Stichting Revalidatie Limburg, Netherlands Van Den Berg-Emons, H. J. G.: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands Stam, H. J.: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands								English

E. Roos and L. Dahlberg	2005	Positive effects of moderate exercise on glycosaminoglycan content in knee cartilage: a four-month, randomized, controlled trial in patients at risk of osteoarthritis		Arthritis and rheumatism			52		11	3507-14						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Positive effects of moderate exercise on glycosaminoglycan content in knee cartilage: a four-month, randomized, controlled trial in patients at risk of osteoarthritis								Pubmed 16258919						CN-00531552				OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of moderate exercise on glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content in knee cartilage in subjects at high risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: Forty-five subjects (16 women, mean age 46 years, mean body mass index 26.6 kg/m(2)) who underwent partial medial meniscus resection 3-5 years previously were randomized to undergo a regimen of supervised exercise 3 times weekly for 4 months or to a nonintervention control group. Cartilage GAG content, an important aspect of the biomechanical properties of cartilage, was estimated by delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC), with results expressed as the change in the T1 relaxation time in the presence of Gd-DTPA (T1[Gd]). RESULTS: Thirty of 45 patients were examined by dGEMRIC at baseline and followup. The exercise group (n = 16) showed an improvement in the T1(Gd) compared with the control group (n = 14) (15 msec versus -15 msec; P = 0.036). To study the dose response, change in the T1(Gd) was assessed for correlation with self-reported change in physical activity level, and a strong correlation was found in the exercise group (n = 16, r(S) = 0.70, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.31-0.89) and in the pooled group of all subjects (n = 30, r(S) = 0.74, 95% CI 0.52-0.87). CONCLUSION: This in vivo cartilage monitoring study in patients at risk of knee OA who begin exercising indicates that adult human articular cartilage has a potential to adapt to loading change. Moderate exercise may be a good treatment not only to improve joint symptoms and function, but also to improve the knee cartilage GAG content in patients at high risk of developing OA.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/552/CN-00531552/frame.html										
M. A. Roos, K. S. Rudolph and D. S. Reisman	2012	The structure of walking activity in people after stroke compared with older adults without disability: a cross-sectional study		Physical Therapy			92		9	1141-7					Sep	Comparative Study
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		The structure of walking activity in people after stroke compared with older adults without disability: a cross-sectional study	Phys Ther	1538-6724					PMC3432950							22677293				BACKGROUND: People with stroke have reduced walking activity. It is not known whether this deficit is due to a reduction in all aspects of walking activity or only in specific areas. Understanding specific walking activity deficits is necessary for the development of interventions that maximize improvements in activity after stroke.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine walking activity in people poststroke compared with older adults without disability.
DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted.
METHODS: Fifty-four participants poststroke and 18 older adults without disability wore a step activity monitor for 3 days. The descriptors of walking activity calculated included steps per day (SPD), bouts per day (BPD), steps per bout (SPB), total time walking per day (TTW), percentage of time walking per day (PTW), and frequency of short, medium, and long walking bouts.
RESULTS: Individuals classified as household and limited community ambulators (n=29) did not differ on any measure and were grouped (HHA-LCA group) for comparison with unlimited community ambulators (UCA group) (n=22) and with older adults without disability (n=14). The SPD, TTW, PTW, and BPD measurements were greatest in older adults and lowest in the HHA-LCA group. Seventy-two percent to 74% of all walking bouts were short, and this finding did not differ across groups. Walking in all categories (short, medium, and long) was lowest in the HHA-LCA group, greater in the UCA group, and greatest in older adults without disability.
LIMITATIONS: Three days of walking activity were captured.
CONCLUSIONS: The specific descriptors of walking activity presented provide insight into walking deficits after stroke that cannot be ascertained by looking at steps per day alone. The deficits that were revealed could be addressed through appropriate exercise prescription, underscoring the need to analyze the structure of walking activity.	Roos, Margaret A
Rudolph, Katherine S
Reisman, Darcy S
NR010786 (United States NINR NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22677293http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22677293&id=doi:10.2522%2Fptj.20120034&issn=0031-9023&volume=92&issue=9&spage=1141&pages=1141-7&date=2012&title=Physical+Therapy&atitle=The+structure+of+walking+activity+in+people+after+stroke+compared+with+older+adults+without+disability%3A+a+cross-sectional+study.&aulast=Roos&pid=%3Cauthor%3ERoos+MA%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22677293%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. A. Roos, K. S. Rudolph and D. S. Reisman	2012	The Structure of Walking Activity in People After Stroke Compared With Older Adults Without Disability: A Cross-Sectional Study		Physical Therapy			92		9	1141-1147								The Structure of Walking Activity in People After Stroke Compared With Older Adults Without Disability: A Cross-Sectional Study		0031-9023												2011686550. Language: English. Entry Date: 20121005. Revision Date: 20121026. Publication Type: journal article				Background. People with stroke have reduced walking activity. It is not known whether this deficit is due to a reduction in all aspects of walking activity or only in specific areas. Understanding specific walking activity deficits is necessary for the development of interventions that maximize improvements in activity after stroke. Objective. The purpose of this study was to examine walking activity in people poststroke compared with older adults without disability. Design. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Methods. Fifty-four participants poststroke and 18 older adults without disability wore a step activity monitor for 3 days. The descriptors of walking activity calculated included steps per day (SPD), bouts per day (BPD), steps per bout (SPB), total time walking per day (TTW), percentage of time walking per day (PTW), and frequency of short, medium, and long walking bouts. Results. Individuals classified as household and limited community ambulators (n=29) did not differ on any measure and were grouped (HHA-LCA group) for comparison with unlimited community ambulators (UCA group) (n=22) and with older adults without disability (n= 14). The SPD, TTW, PTW, and BPD measurements were greatest in older adults and lowest in the HHA-LCA group. Seventy-two percent to 74% of all walking bouts were short, and this finding did not differ across groups. Walking in all categories (short, medium, and long) was lowest in the HHA-LCA group, greater in the UCA group, and greatest in older adults without disability. Limitations. Three days of walking activity were captured. Conclusions. The specific descriptors of walking activity presented provide insight into walking deficits after stroke that cannot be ascertained by looking at steps per day alone. The deficits that were revealed could be addressed through appropriate exercise prescription, underscoring the need to analyze the structure of walking activity.	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Physical Therapy. Grant Information: National Institutes of Health grant number NR010786. No. of Refs: 19 ref. NLM UID: 0022623.
PMID: 22677293		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2011686550&site=ehost-live		Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
Department of Physical Therapy, University of New England, Portland, Maine
Graduate Program in Biomechanics and Movement Science and Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, 301 McKinly Laboratory, Newark, DE 19716 (USA)						rzh	EBSCOhost	
M. Rosal, I. Ockene, A. Restrepo, M. White, A. Borg, B. Olendzki, J. Scavron, L. Candib, G. Welch and G. Reed	2011	Randomized trial of a literacy-sensitive, culturally tailored diabetes self-management intervention for low-income latinos: latinos en control		Diabetes care			34		4	838-44						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Randomized trial of a literacy-sensitive, culturally tailored diabetes self-management intervention for low-income latinos: latinos en control								Pubmed 21378213						CN-00786175				OBJECTIVE: To test whether a theory-based, literacy, and culturally tailored self-management intervention, Latinos en Control, improves glycemic control among low-income Latinos with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 252 patients recruited from community health centers were randomized to the Latinos en Control intervention or to usual care. The primarily group-based intervention consisted of 12 weekly and 8 monthly sessions and targeted knowledge, attitudes, and self-management behaviors. The primary outcome was HbA(1c). Secondary outcomes included diet, physical activity, blood glucose self-monitoring, diabetes knowledge and self-efficacy, and other physiological factors (e.g., lipids, blood pressure, and weight). Measures were collected at baseline and at 4- and 12-month follow-up. Change in outcomes over time between the groups and the association between HbA(1c) and possible mediators were estimated using mixed-effects models and an intention-to-treat approach. RESULTS: A significant difference in HbA(1c) change between the groups was observed at 4 months (intervention -0.88 [-1.15 to -0.60] versus control -0.35 [-0.62 to 0.07], P < 0.01), although this difference decreased and lost statistical significance at 12 months (intervention -0.46 [-0.77 to -0.13] versus control -0.20 [-0.53 to 0.13], P = 0.293). The intervention resulted in significant change differences in diabetes knowledge at 12 months (P = 0.001), self-efficacy (P = 0.001), blood glucose self-monitoring (P = 0.02), and diet, including dietary quality (P = 0.01), kilocalories consumed (P < 0.001), percentage of fat (P = 0.003), and percentage of saturated fat (P = 0.04). These changes were in turn significantly associated with HbA(1c) change at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Literacy-sensitive, culturally tailored interventions can improve diabetes control among low-income Latinos; however, strategies to sustain improvements are needed.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/175/CN-00786175/frame.html										
M. Rosal, B. Olendzki, G. Reed, O. Gumieniak, J. Scavron and I. Ockene	2005	Diabetes self-management among low-income Spanish-speaking patients: a pilot study		Annals of behavioral medicine			29		3	225-35						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Diabetes self-management among low-income Spanish-speaking patients: a pilot study								Pubmed 15946117						CN-00522416				BACKGROUND: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes and diabetes-related morbidity and mortality is higher among low-income Hispanics when compared to that of Whites. However, little is known about how to effectively promote self-management in this population. PURPOSE: The objectives were first to determine the feasibility of conducting a randomized clinical trial of an innovative self-management intervention to improve metabolic control in low-income Spanish-speaking individuals with type 2 diabetes and second to obtain preliminary data of possible intervention effects. METHODS: Participants for this pilot study were recruited from a community health center, an elder program, and a community-wide database developed by the community health center, in collaboration with other agencies serving the community, by surveying households in the entire community. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 15) or a control (n = 10) condition. Assessments were conducted at baseline and at 3 months and 6 months postrandomization. The intervention consisted of 10 group sessions that targeted diabetes knowledge, attitudes, and self-management skills through culturally specific and literacy-sensitive strategies. The intervention used a cognitive-behavioral theoretical framework. RESULTS: Recruitment rates at the community health center, elder program, and community registry were 48%, 69%, and 8%, respectively. Completion rates for baseline, 3-month, and 6-month assessments were 100%, 92%, and 92%, respectively. Each intervention participant attended an average of 7.8 out of 10 sessions, and as a group the participants showed high adherence to intervention activities (93% turned in daily logs, and 80% self-monitored glucose levels at least daily). There was an overall Group x Time interaction (p = .02) indicating group differences in glycosylated hemoglobin over time. The estimated glycosylated hemoglobin decrease at 3 months for the intervention group was -0.8% (95% confidence intervals = -1.1%, -0.5%) compared with the change in the control group (p = .02). At 6 months, the decrease in the intervention group remained significant, -0.85% (95% confidence intervals = -1.2, -0.5), and the decrease was still significantly different from that of the controls (p = .005). There was a trend toward increased physical activity in the intervention group as compared to that of the control group (p = .11) and some evidence (nonsignificant) of an increase in blood glucose self-monitoring in the intervention participants but not the control participants. Adjusting for baseline depressive scores, we observed a significant difference in depressive symptoms between intervention participants and control participants at the 3-month assessment (p = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Low-income Spanish-speaking Hispanics are receptive to participate in diabetes-related research. This study shows that the pilot-tested diabetes self-management program is promising and warrants the conduct of a randomized clinical trial.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/416/CN-00522416/frame.html										
R. Rosen, J. Kostis, L. Seltzer, L. Taska and B. Holzer	1991	Beta blocker effects on heart rate during sleep: a placebo-controlled polysomnographic study with normotensive males		Sleep			14		1	43-7						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Beta blocker effects on heart rate during sleep: a placebo-controlled polysomnographic study with normotensive males								Pubmed 1687425						CN-00083661				Although the effect of beta blockers on heart rate (HR) at rest, during exercise, and by ambulatory electrocardiography during the day and night has been studied extensively, data on the effect of these drugs on heart rate during the various stages of sleep are not available. We performed overnight polysomnography and exercise testing in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Latin square crossover study of four beta blockers with different ancillary properties (atenolol 100 mg daily, metoprolol 100 mg, pindolol 10 mg, and propranolol 80 mg), on 30 healthy men aged 23-40 years (29.4 +/- 4.3) (mean +/- SD). At rest pindolol increased HR by 4.7 beats/min +/- 13.1 (p less than 0.05), while beta blockers without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) decreased HR (p less than 0.0001) by 6.1 +/- 8.8 (atenolol), 5.8 +/- 8.4 (propranolol), and 5.0 +/- 9.4 (metoprolol). Exercise at 125 W increased HR on placebo by 76.4 +/- 18.4 beats. Compared to placebo all beta blockers were associated with lower (p less than 0.0001) exercise HR by 18.3 +/- 23.2 atenolol, 21.1 +/- 15.5 metoprolol, 16.8 +/- 14.1 pindolol, and 20.8 +/- 13.1 propranolol [not significant (NS) among beta blockers]. Thus the effect of beta blockers on heart rate was magnified during exercise. Mean and maximum HR were higher in rapid eye movement (REM) than in nonREM (NREM) sleep (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/661/CN-00083661/frame.html										
D. Rosenbaum, M. Brandes, J. Hardes, G. Gosheger and R. Rodl	2008	Physical activity levels after limb salvage surgery are not related to clinical scores-objective activity assessment in 22 patients after malignant bone tumor treatment with modular prostheses		Journal of Surgical Oncology			98		2	97-100					Aug 1	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Physical activity levels after limb salvage surgery are not related to clinical scores-objective activity assessment in 22 patients after malignant bone tumor treatment with modular prostheses	J Surg Oncol	1096-9098												18521841				BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to objectively assess the physical activity levels of patients after tumor prosthesis implantation with two objective measurement devices.
METHODS: The DynaPort ADL monitor permitted up to 24 hr monitoring of lower-extremity physical activities in daily life with respect to posture and locomotion. The step activity monitor (SAM) was worn for a whole week to collect the daily number of gait cycles. The devices were worn during the waking hours by 22 patients with knee prostheses after wide tumor resection.
RESULTS: In the MSTS and TESS scores the patients achieved over 80% of the maximum score indicating a good clinical outcome. The most prominent activity was sitting which accounted for 54 +/- 18% of the recorded time, followed by standing (27 +/- 16%), locomotion (10 +/- 6%), and lying (8 +/- 6%). During locomotion, the average walking activity accumulated to 4,786 +/- 1,770 step cycles per day (range 2,045-8,135) corresponding to a yearly 1.75 million steps. There was no significant correlation between clinical scores and step count measures.
CONCLUSIONS: Even though this activity level was lower than for a group of healthy adults it was comparable to the activity level for other patients, for example, with hip arthroplasty as reported in the literature.	Rosenbaum, D
Brandes, M
Hardes, J
Gosheger, G
Rodl, R		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18521841http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:18521841&id=doi:10.1002%2Fjso.21091&issn=0022-4790&volume=98&issue=2&spage=97&pages=97-100&date=2008&title=Journal+of+Surgical+Oncology&atitle=Physical+activity+levels+after+limb+salvage+surgery+are+not+related+to+clinical+scores-objective+activity+assessment+in+22+patients+after+malignant+bone+tumor+treatment+with+modular+prostheses.&aulast=Rosenbaum&pid=%3Cauthor%3ERosenbaum+D%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E18521841%3C%2FAN%3E		Movement Analysis Laboratory, Orthopaedic Department, University Hospital Munster, Munster, Germany. diro@uni-muenster.de						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. L. Rosenbek, E. Lønvig, J. Henriksen and L. Wagner	2011	The experience of living with diabetes following a self-management program based on motivational interviewing		Qualitative health research			21		8	1115-26						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The experience of living with diabetes following a self-management program based on motivational interviewing								Pubmed 21471428						CN-00812128				Self-management is an important part of diabetes treatment, but the promotion of self-care activities is still a challenge. In this study, we explored how living with diabetes in everyday life was experienced following a self-management intervention program based on motivational interviewing. We conducted seven focus group interviews, each comprising 3 to 5 participants diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Data analysis based on a phenomenological method revealed three main themes concerning diabetes self-management: becoming a self-regulating practitioner, managing the rules of self-management, and creating a supportive social network. Narrative analysis revealed a divergence in patients' self-perceived competence in handling diabetes. The study findings indicate that people with diabetes have specific needs for support in the daily responsibility of managing diet, exercise, medication, and blood glucose monitoring. A meaningful treatment from the patient's perspective would appear to be one aimed at overcoming problems the patient experiences in self-management of diabetes.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/128/CN-00812128/frame.html										
B. Rosenfeld, C. Beattie, R. Christopherson, E. Norris, S. Frank, M. Breslow, P. Rock, S. Parker, S. Gottlieb and B. Perler	1993	The effects of different anesthetic regimens on fibrinolysis and the development of postoperative arterial thrombosis. Perioperative Ischemia Randomized Anesthesia Trial Study Group		Anesthesiology			79		3	435-43						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		The effects of different anesthetic regimens on fibrinolysis and the development of postoperative arterial thrombosis. Perioperative Ischemia Randomized Anesthesia Trial Study Group								Pubmed 8363067						CN-00095451				BACKGROUND: The purpose of this clinical trial was to compare the effects of different anesthetic and analgesic regimens on hemostatic function and postoperative arterial thrombotic complications. METHODS: Ninety-five patients scheduled for elective lower extremity vascular reconstruction were randomized to receive either epidural anesthesia followed by epidural fentanyl (RA) or general anesthesia followed by intravenous morphine (GA). Intraoperative and postoperative care were controlled by protocol using predetermined limits for heart rate, blood pressure, and other monitoring criteria. Data collection included serial physical examinations, electrocardiograms, and cardiac isoenzymes to detect arterial thrombosis (defined as unstable angina, myocardial infarction, or vascular graft occlusion requiring reoperation). Fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and D-dimer levels were measured preoperatively and at 24 and 72 h postoperatively. RESULTS: Preoperative fibrinogen levels were similar in both groups, remained unchanged after 24 h, and increased equally (45%) in the first 72 h postoperatively. PAI-1 levels in the GA group increased from 13.6 +/- 2.1 activity units (AU)/ml to 20.2 +/- 2.6 AU/ml at 24 h and returned to baseline at 72 h. In contrast, PAI-1 levels in the RA group remained unchanged over time. Twenty-two of 95 patients (23%) had postoperative arterial thrombosis, 17 of whom had received GA and 5 of whom, RA. Preoperative PAI-1 levels were higher in patients who developed postoperative arterial thrombosis (20.5 +/- 3.6 AU/ml vs. 11.2 +/- 1.4 AU/ml). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that GA and preoperative PAI-1 levels were predictive of postoperative arterial thrombotic complications. CONCLUSIONS: Impaired fibrinolysis may be related causally to postoperative arterial thrombosis. Because RA combined with epidural fentanyl analgesia appears to prevent postoperative inhibition of fibrinolysis, this form of perioperative management may decrease the risk of arterial thrombotic complications in patients undergoing lower extremity revascularization.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/451/CN-00095451/frame.html										
E. Rossetti, C. Luca, F. Bonetti and S. Chierchia	1993	Transdermal nitroglycerin reduces the frequency of anginal attacks but fails to prevent silent ischemia		Journal of the American College of Cardiology			21		2	337-42						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Transdermal nitroglycerin reduces the frequency of anginal attacks but fails to prevent silent ischemia								Pubmed 8425995						CN-00090497				OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to objectively evaluate the effects of intermittent administration of transdermal nitroglycerin on effort tolerance, frequency of anginal attacks and presence of silent ischemic events that occur during normal daily activities. BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that transdermal nitroglycerin patches reduce the incidence of anginal attacks and improve exercise capacity when given intermittently. However, no carefully controlled studies are available on the effects of these preparations (and their dosing schedule) on the occurrence of "silent" ischemic events during unrestricted daily activities. METHODS: Twelve men with chronic stable angina, a positive exercise test result and significant coronary artery disease completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which patches were worn either continuously or with overnight (8 h) removal. The effects of treatment were objectively assessed by both treadmill exercise testing and 24-h ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. RESULTS: Only the intermittent dosing schedule afforded a small but significant improvement in exercise tolerance and prolonged exercise duration and time to ST segment depression. The frequency of anginal attacks was also reduced by both the continuous and intermittent treatment, but the effects on symptoms were not paralleled by a concomitant reduction in ischemic episodes recorded during ambulatory monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that when used as monotherapy, intermittent transdermal nitroglycerin preparations lessen symptoms but are ineffective for the long-term prophylaxis of silent myocardial ischemia.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/497/CN-00090497/frame.html										
G. Rossetti, S. Pizzocri, F. Brasca, M. Pozzi, L. Beltrami, G. Bolla, R. Famiani, B. Caimi, S. Omboni, F. Magrini and S. Carugo	2008	Antihypertensive effect of barnidipine 10 mg or amlodipine 5 to 10 mg once daily in treatment-naive patients with essential hypertension: A 24-week, randomized, open-label, pilot study		Current Therapeutic Research - Clinical and Experimental			69		3	192-206						Journal: Article		Antihypertensive effect of barnidipine 10 mg or amlodipine 5 to 10 mg once daily in treatment-naive patients with essential hypertension: A 24-week, randomized, open-label, pilot study														CN-00707271				Background: Dihydropyridine calcium antagonists are largely employed for the treatment of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and heart failure. Objective: The aim of our study was to compare the antihypertensive effect of the dihydropyridine calcium antagonists barnidipine and amlodipine. Methods: This was a 24-week, randomized, open-label, pilot study. Consecutive treatment-naive patients with grade I or II essential hypertension (office sitting systolic blood pressure [BP] of 140-179 mm Hg and diastolic BP of 90-109 mm Hg) were enrolled. The primary end points were the effect of treatment with either barnidipine 10 mg or amlodipine 5 mg once daily on office and ambulatory BP, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and markers of cardiac damage, serum procollagen type I C-terminal propeptide, and plasma amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations. Patients were assessed at enrollment, and 12 and 24 weeks. During each visit, the prevalence of adverse events (AEs) was also monitored using spontaneous reporting, patient interview, and physical examination, the relationship to study drug being determined by the investigators. Compliance with treatment was assessed at each study visit by counting returned tablets. Results: Thirty eligible patients (20 men, 10 women; mean [SD] age, 47 [12] years) were included in the study; all patients completed the 24 weeks of study treatment. Twelve weeks after randomization, 6 patients in the amlodipine group had their dose doubled to 10 mg due to inadequate BP control. Mean BP reductions at study end were not significantly different between the barnidipine and amlodipine groups (office BP, -10.3/-9.4 vs -16.6/-9.1 mm Hg; ambulatory BP, 9.4/6.4 vs 8.1/5.1 mm Hg). Reductions in LVMI and markers of cardiac damage were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Significantly more patients in the amlodipine group reported drug-related AEs compared with those in the barnidipine group (9 [60%] vs 2 [13%]; P < 0.05). Conclusion: In this small sample of treatment-naive hypertensive patients, the antihypertensive effect of barnidipine 10 mg once daily was not significantly different from that of amlodipine 5 to 10 mg once daily. 2008 Excerpta Medica Inc. All rights reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/271/CN-00707271/frame.html										
M. Roy and A. Steptoe	1991	The inhibition of cardiovascular responses to mental stress following aerobic exercise		Psychophysiology			28		6	689-700						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The inhibition of cardiovascular responses to mental stress following aerobic exercise								Pubmed 1816597						CN-00084478				The effects of exercise on subsequent psychophysiological responses to mental stress were assessed in a study of 30 normotensive male volunteers. Participants were randomly allocated to three experimental conditions--20-min exercise at 100 Watts (high exercise), 20-min exercise at 25 Watts (low exercise), or 20-min no exercise (control). After a recovery period of 20 min, all subjects performed a mental arithmetic task for four 5-min trials. Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored continuously using a Finapres, and respiration and electrodermal activity were also recorded. Baroreceptor reflex control of heart rate was assessed using power spectrum analysis. Exercise produced consistent increases in systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and subjective tension, together with reductions in systemic resistance and baroreflex sensitivity. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate reactions to mental arithmetic were significantly blunted in the high exercise compared with control conditions, with the low exercise group showing an intermediate pattern. Subjective responses to mental stress were unaffected by prior exercise. The pattern of hemodynamic response was not a result of changes in baroreflex sensitivity. The mechanisms underlying this result are discussed in relation to the discrepancies between subjective and physiological responses to mental stress, and the implications for the use of exercise in stress management.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/478/CN-00084478/frame.html										
D. Rubin, K. Wilson, L. Wiersma, J. Weiss and D. Rose	2014	Rationale and design of active play @ home: A parent-led physical activity program for children with and without disability		BMC pediatrics			14		1							Journal: Article		Rationale and design of active play @ home: A parent-led physical activity program for children with and without disability														CN-00982393				Background: Compared to other children, those with disability have additional challenges to being physically active. Prader-Willi Syndrome is a genetic form of childhood obesity that is characterized by hypotonia, growth hormone deficiency, behavioral, and cognitive disability. In children, the low prevalence of this syndrome (1 in 10,000 to 15,000 live births) makes group-based physical activity interventions difficult. In contrast, the home environment presents a natural venue to establish a physical activity routine for this population. This manuscript describes the design of a parent-led physical activity intervention incorporating playground and interactive console-based games to increase physical activity participation in youth with and without Prader-Willi Syndrome.Methods/Design: The study participants will be 115 youth ages 8-15 y (45 with the syndrome and 70 without the syndrome but categorized as obese). The study will use a parallel design with the control group receiving the intervention after serving as control. Participants will be expected to complete a physical activity curriculum 4 days a week for 6 months including playground games 2 days a week and interactive console games 2 days a week. Parents will be trained at baseline and then provided with a curriculum and equipment to guide their implementation of the program. Tips related to scheduling and coping with barriers to daily program implementation will be provided. Throughout, parents will be contacted by phone once a week (weeks 1-4) and then every other week to receive support in between visits. Measurements of children and parents will be obtained at baseline, 12 weeks, and at the end (week 24) of the intervention. Children main outcomes include physical activity (accelerometry), body composition (dual x-ray absorptiometry), motor proficiency (Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency), quality of life and physical activity self-efficacy (questionnaires). Intervention compliance will be monitored using mail-in daily self-report checklists.Discussion: This parent-guided physical activity intervention aims to increase physical activity by using a curriculum that builds physical activity related self-confidence through the development and/or enhancement of motor skill competency. Ultimately, helping children develop these skills as well as joy in being physically active will translate into sustained behavior change.Trial registration: Current Controlled Trial: NCT02058342. 2014 Rubin et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/393/CN-00982393/frame.html										
K. Rühle, K. Franke, U. Domanski, M. Schröder and G. Nilius	2013	[Telemonitoring of bike exercise training in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea]		Pneumologie (Stuttgart, Germany)			67		6	321-6						Controlled Clinical Trial; English Abstract; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		[Telemonitoring of bike exercise training in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea]								Pubmed 23700134						CN-00963734				BACKGROUND: Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) suffer from daytime sleepiness, cognitive disorders and are at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. In addition to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), major lifestyle changes to increase physical activity contribute to risk reduction. The daily training duration should be at least 20 minutes to achieve a relevant effect. In addition to exercise training in groups, home training is useful. However, sufficiently intensive training is often not performed because of unavailable feedback (monitoring). It is not clear yet how many patients accept a bicycle home training and to what extent they meet the specified training time. METHOD: Of the 152 consecutive OSA patients surveyed, 74 (48.7 %) agreed to a 4-week home exercise bike training. After exclusion of 51 patients, 17 for logistical reasons, and 34 because of severe comorbidities, 23 patients remained (age 51.0 +/- 9.3 years, BMI 33.7 +/- 4.2, ESS score 10.4 +/- 6.7, AHI 33.8 +/- 24.0). The daily duration of training at the ventilatory threshold (VT1) was recorded and transmitted by a wireless module (Cinterion) via Internet to a doctor or instructor. RESULTS: The patients exercised during 27.3 +/- 2.9 days. 19 of the 23 patients (83 %) accomplished the training period of > 20 minutes per day. In 4 patients (17 %) the training time was well below this target level with 5.9 +/- 2.3 min. The average training time of all patients was 24.4 +/- 9.0 min. CONCLUSION: About 50 % of the OSA patients are interested in a regular physical exercise bike training with telemonitoring, and are performing it quite constantly. The described method of telemonitoring provides a simple and, compared to group training cost-effective way to reduce cardiovascular risk in OSA.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/734/CN-00963734/frame.html										
J. Ruiz-Tovar, L. Zubiaga, C. Llavero, M. Diez, A. Arroyo and R. Calpena	2014	Serum cholesterol by morbidly obese patients after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and additional physical activity		Obesity surgery			24		3	385-9						Journal: Article		Serum cholesterol by morbidly obese patients after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and additional physical activity														CN-00984275				Background Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has shown to be effective in serum triglycerides reduction and HDL cholesterol increase, but with little effect on total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Physical activity is recognized as an effective non-pharmacological intervention to reduce body fat mass and hypercholesterolemia. Methods A prospective observational study of all the patients undergoing LSG as bariatric technique between 2007 and 2012 was performed. All patients completed the Spanish Version of the Modifiable Physical Activity Questionnaire at two time points: baseline (pre-intervention) and 1 year after surgery, both in face-to-face interviews. Lipid profiles were monitored at the same time points. Results A total of 50 patients were included in the study, 44 females (88 %) and six males (12 %) with a mean age of 42.7 +10.3 years. Comorbidities included dyslipidemia in 50 % (40 % hypercholesterolemia and 10 % hypertriglyceridemia). Preoperatively, four patients (8 %) reported moderately active physical activity and one patient (2 %) active physical exercise. The rest of the patients were sedentary. One year after surgery, 30 patients (60 %) performed any kind of active physical activity, while the rest were sedentary. Lipid profile 12 months after surgery showed significantly lower total cholesterol levels in the active group (182.8 mg/dl vs 220 mg/dl in the sedentary group; p =0.003). LDL cholesterol levels were also lower in the active group (103.2 vs 133 mg/dl in the sedentary group; p =0.015). Conclusion The performance of routine moderate physical activity in addition to LSG achieves a significant improvement in all parameters of the lipid profile. Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/275/CN-00984275/frame.html										
T. Russell, P. Buttrum, R. Wootton and G. Jull	2011	Internet-based outpatient telerehabilitation for patients following total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial		Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume			93		2	113-20						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Internet-based outpatient telerehabilitation for patients following total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 21248209						CN-00771090				BACKGROUND: total knee arthroplasty is an effective means for relieving the symptoms associated with degenerative arthritis of the knee. Rehabilitation is a necessary adjunct to surgery and is important in regaining optimum function. Access to high-quality rehabilitation services is not always possible, especially for those who live in rural or remote areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the equivalence of an Internet-based telerehabilitation program compared with conventional outpatient physical therapy for patients who have had a total knee arthroplasty. METHODS: this investigation was a single-blinded, prospective, randomized, controlled noninferiority trial. Sixty-five participants were randomized to receive a six-week program of outpatient physical therapy either in the conventional manner or by means of an Internet-based telerehabilitation program. The primary outcome measure was the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) measured at baseline and six weeks by a blinded independent assessor. Secondary outcomes included the Patient-Specific Functional Scale, the timed up-and-go test, pain intensity, knee flexion and extension, quadriceps muscle strength, limb girth measurements, and an assessment of gait. Noninferiority was assessed through the comparison of group differences with a noninferiority margin and with linear mixed model statistics. RESULTS: baseline characteristics between groups were similar, and all participants had significant improvement on all outcome measures with the intervention (p < 0.01 for all). After the six-week intervention, participants in the telerehabilitation group achieved outcomes comparable to those of the conventional rehabilitation group with regard to flexion and extension range of motion, muscle strength, limb girth, pain, timed up-and-go test, quality of life, and clinical gait and WOMAC scores. Better outcomes for the Patient-Specific Functional Scale and the stiffness subscale of the WOMAC were found in the telerehabilitation group (p < 0.05). The telerehabilitation intervention was well received by participants, who reported a high level of satisfaction with this novel technology. CONCLUSIONS: the outcomes achieved via telerehabilitation at six weeks following total knee arthroplasty were comparable with those after conventional rehabilitation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: therapeutic Level I. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/090/CN-00771090/frame.html										
O. Rust, M. Greybush, R. Atlas, K. Jones and J. Balducci	2001	Preinduction cervical ripening. A randomized trial of intravaginal misoprostol alone vs. a combination of transcervical Foley balloon and intravaginal misoprostol		Journal of reproductive medicine			46		10	899-904						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Preinduction cervical ripening. A randomized trial of intravaginal misoprostol alone vs. a combination of transcervical Foley balloon and intravaginal misoprostol								Pubmed 11725734						CN-00375751				OBJECTIVE: To determine if the addition of a mechanical ripening agent (transcervical Foley balloon) to a pharmacologic agent (intravaginal misoprostol) improves the efficiency of preinduction cervical ripening. STUDY DESIGN: Singleton patients with an indication for delivery, unfavorable cervix (Bishop score < or = 5) and no contraindication to labor were randomly assigned to two groups: misoprostol alone (25 micrograms intravaginally every 3 hours for no more than 12 hr) or combination therapy (25-French transcervical Foley balloon inflated to 50 mL of sterile water with identical intravaginal misoprostol dosing). All patients received a history and physical examination (including Bishop score), preripening ultrasound, electronic fetal heart rate and contraction monitoring (to rule out spontaneous labor and document fetal well-being). Multiple variables of perinatal outcome were analyzed, including the main outcome variables of ripening-to-delivery time and cesarean section rate. RESULTS: During August 1998 to August 1999, 81 patients were randomized, 40 to misoprostol alone and 41 to combination therapy. There were no differences between the groups with respect to maternal demographics, preripening Bishop score, maternal complications, intrapartum intervention or neonatal outcome. The misoprostol group spent longer periods of time in active labor, and there was a trend for the combination group to require oxytocin for longer intervals. These findings did not significantly affect the total ripening-to-delivery time or cesarean section rate which were similar for both groups. CONCLUSION: The addition of mechanical ripening with a transcervical Foley balloon to intravaginal misoprostol did not improve the efficiency of preinduction cervical ripening. Mechanical and pharmacologic cervical ripening agents appear to act independently rather than synergistically.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/751/CN-00375751/frame.html										
C. G. Ryan, P. M. Grant, P. M. Dall, H. Gray, M. Newton and M. H. Granat	2009	Individuals with chronic low back pain have a lower level, and an altered pattern, of physical activity compared with matched controls: an observational study		Australian Journal of Physiotherapy			55		1	53-8						Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Individuals with chronic low back pain have a lower level, and an altered pattern, of physical activity compared with matched controls: an observational study	Aust J Physiother	0004-9514												19226242				QUESTION: Is there a difference in the level and pattern of free-living physical activity between individuals with chronic low back pain and matched controls?
DESIGN: Observational, cross-sectional study.
PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen individuals with chronic low back pain and fifteen healthy controls matched for age, gender, and occupation. Outcome measures: Participants wore an activity monitor for seven days. Level of physical activity was measured as time standing and walking, and number of steps averaged over a 24-hour day (midnight to midnight), day time (9.00 am - 4.00 pm), and evening time (6.00 pm - 10.00 pm), and work days versus non-work days. Pattern of physical activity was measured as number of steps and cadence during short (< 20 continuous steps), moderate (20-100 continuous steps), long (> 100-499 continuous steps), and extra long walks (>or= 500 continuous steps).
RESULTS: Over an average 24-hour day, the chronic low back pain group spent 0.7 fewer hours (95% CI 0.3 to 1.1) walking, and took 3480 fewer steps (95% CI 1754 to 5207) than the healthy controls. They took 793 fewer steps/day (95% CI -4 to 1591) during moderate walks, and 1214 fewer steps/day (95% CI 425 to 2003) during long walks, and 11 fewer steps/min (95% CI 4 to 17) during extra long walks than the healthy controls.
CONCLUSION: Individuals with chronic low back pain have a lower level, and an altered pattern, of physical activity compared with matched controls.	Ryan, Cormac G
Grant, P Margaret Margaret
Dall, Philippa M
Gray, Heather
Newton, Mary
Granat, Malcolm H		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19226242http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19226242&id=doi:&issn=0004-9514&volume=55&issue=1&spage=53&pages=53-8&date=2009&title=Australian+Journal+of+Physiotherapy&atitle=Individuals+with+chronic+low+back+pain+have+a+lower+level%2C+and+an+altered+pattern%2C+of+physical+activity+compared+with+matched+controls%3A+an+observational+study.&aulast=Ryan&pid=%3Cauthor%3ERyan+CG%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19226242%3C%2FAN%3E		Health and social Care, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom. Cormac.ryan@gcal.ac.uk						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. G. Ryan, P. M. Grant, W. W. Tigbe and M. H. Granat	2006	The validity and reliability of a novel activity monitor as a measure of walking		British Journal of Sports Medicine			40		9	779-84					Sep	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Validation Studies		The validity and reliability of a novel activity monitor as a measure of walking	BJSM online	1473-0480					PMC2564393							16825270				BACKGROUND: The accurate measurement of physical activity is crucial to understanding the relationship between physical activity and disease prevention and treatment.
OBJECTIVE: The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the activPAL physical activity monitor in measuring step number and cadence.
METHODS: The ability of the activPAL monitor to measure step number and cadence in 20 healthy adults (age 34.5+/-6.9 years; BMI 26.8+/-4.8 (mean+/-SD)) was evaluated against video observation. Concurrently, the accuracy of two commonly used pedometers, the Yamax Digi-Walker SW-200 and the Omron HJ-109-E, was compared to observation for measuring step number. Participants walked on a treadmill at five different speeds (0.90, 1.12, 1.33, 1.56, and 1.78 m/s) and outdoors at three self selected speeds (slow, normal, and fast).
RESULTS: At all speeds, inter device reliability was excellent for the activPAL (ICC (2,1)> or =0.99) for both step number and cadence. The absolute percentage error for the activPAL was <1.11% for step number and cadence regardless of walking speed. The accuracy of the pedometers was adversely affected by slow walking speeds.
CONCLUSION: The activPAL monitor is a valid and reliable measure of walking in healthy adults. Its accuracy is not influenced by walking speed. The activPAL may be a useful device in sports medicine.	Ryan, C G
Grant, P M
Tigbe, W W
Granat, M H		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16825270http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:16825270&id=doi:&issn=0306-3674&volume=40&issue=9&spage=779&pages=779-84&date=2006&title=British+Journal+of+Sports+Medicine&atitle=The+validity+and+reliability+of+a+novel+activity+monitor+as+a+measure+of+walking.&aulast=Ryan&pid=%3Cauthor%3ERyan+CG%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E16825270%3C%2FAN%3E		School of Health and Social Care, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, UK. cormac.ryan@gcal.ac.uk						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. G. Ryan, H. G. Gray, M. Newton and M. H. Granat	2010	The relationship between psychological distress and free-living physical activity in individuals with chronic low back pain		Manual Therapy			15		2	185-9					Apr	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The relationship between psychological distress and free-living physical activity in individuals with chronic low back pain	Manual Ther	1532-2769												19945334				The aim of this cross-sectional pilot-study was to investigate the relationship between psychological distress and free-living physical activity (PA) in individuals with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Thirty-eight participants with non-specific CLBP (29=distressed; 9=non-distressed) were recruited. PA levels were measured using an accelerometer (activPAL activity monitor) over a one week period. The following parameters of physical activity were recorded: time upright (standing or walking), time standing, time walking, and step count. Psychological distress was assessed using a modified version of the distress risk assessment method (DRAM) which is a combination of somatic anxiety and depressive symptoms. The Distressed group spent significantly less time upright over a mean 24h day (-1.47h, 95% CI -2.70 to -0.23h, p<0.05), attributable to 1.01h less standing and 0.46h less walking. Depressive symptoms were a statistically significant independent predictor of time upright (beta=-0.49, p<0.05). This pilot-study found that individuals with CLBP and elevated levels of distress spend less time upright than their non-distressed counterparts. Clinically, when treating individuals with CLBP and elevated distress levels, free-living PA may be low and interventions aimed at increasing upright activity may be appropriate. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Ryan, Cormac G
Gray, Heather G
Newton, Mary
Granat, Malcolm H		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=19945334http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19945334&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.math.2009.10.007&issn=1356-689X&volume=15&issue=2&spage=185&pages=185-9&date=2010&title=Manual+Therapy&atitle=The+relationship+between+psychological+distress+and+free-living+physical+activity+in+individuals+with+chronic+low+back+pain.&aulast=Ryan&pid=%3Cauthor%3ERyan+CG%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19945334%3C%2FAN%3E		School of Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK. cormac.ryan@gcal.ac.uk						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. Ryan, H. Gray, M. Newton and M. Granat	2010	Pain biology education and exercise classes compared to pain biology education alone for individuals with chronic low back pain: a pilot randomised controlled trial		Manual therapy			15		4	382-7						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Pain biology education and exercise classes compared to pain biology education alone for individuals with chronic low back pain: a pilot randomised controlled trial								Pubmed 20359937						CN-00762243				The aim of this single-blind pilot RCT was to investigate the effect of pain biology education and group exercise classes compared to pain biology education alone for individuals with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Participants with CLBP were randomised to a pain biology education and group exercise classes group (EDEX) [n = 20] or a pain biology education only group (ED) [n = 18]. The primary outcome was pain (0-100 numerical rating scale), and self-reported function assessed using the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire, measured at pre-intervention, post-intervention and three month follow up. Secondary outcome measures were pain self-efficacy, pain related fear, physical performance testing and free-living activity monitoring. Using a linear mixed model analysis, there was a statistically significant interaction effect between time and intervention for both pain (F[2,49] = 3.975, p < 0.05) and pain self-efficacy (F[2,51] = 4.011, p < 0.05) with more favourable results for the ED group. The effects levelled off at the three month follow up point. In the short term, pain biology education alone was more effective for pain and pain self-efficacy than a combination of pain biology education and group exercise classes. This pilot study highlights the need to investigate the combined effects of different interventions.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/243/CN-00762243/frame.html										
D. Ryan, M. Espeland, G. Foster, S. Haffner, V. Hubbard, K. Johnson, S. Kahn, W. Knowler and S. Yanovski	2003	Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes): design and methods for a clinical trial of weight loss for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes		Controlled clinical trials			24		5	610-28						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes): design and methods for a clinical trial of weight loss for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes								Pubmed 14500058						CN-00559178				Overweight and obesity are major contributors to both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Moreover, individuals with type 2 diabetes who are overweight or obese are at particularly high risk for CVD morbidity and mortality. Although short-term weight loss has been shown to ameliorate obesity-related metabolic abnormalities and CVD risk factors, the long-term consequences of intentional weight loss in overweight or obese individuals with type 2 diabetes have not been adequately examined. The primary objective of the Look AHEAD clinical trial is to assess the long-term effects (up to 11.5 years) of an intensive weight loss program delivered over 4 years in overweight and obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. Approximately 5000 male and female participants who have type 2 diabetes, are 45-74 years of age, and have a body mass index >or=25 kg/m(2) will be randomized to one of the two groups. The intensive lifestyle intervention is designed to achieve and maintain weight loss through decreased caloric intake and increased physical activity. This program is compared to a control condition given diabetes support and education. The primary study outcome is time to incidence of a major CVD event. The study is designed to provide a 0.90 probability of detecting an 18% difference in major CVD event rates between the two groups. Other outcomes include components of CVD risk, cost and cost-effectiveness, diabetes control and complications, hospitalizations, intervention processes, and quality of life.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/178/CN-00559178/frame.html										
B. Saelens, C. Gehrman, J. Sallis, K. Calfas, J. Sarkin and S. Caparosa	2000	Use of self-management strategies in a 2-year cognitive-behavioral intervention to promote physical activity		Behavior therapy			31		2	365-79						Journal: Article		Use of self-management strategies in a 2-year cognitive-behavioral intervention to promote physical activity														CN-00399888				Training in the use of self-management strategies (e.g., self-monitoring, positive self-talk) is common in behavioral and cognitive interventions, and participants' strategy use is a hypothesized mechanism for behavior change. However, reports of strategy use and the relation between strategy use and outcomes are rare. The use of cognitive and behavior strategies pertinent to increasing physical activity was assessed via survey at post-course, 1-year, and 2-year follow-up among 256 university seniors randomly assigned to either an intervention that promoted strategy use or to a non-behavioral health course (control). Strategy use was higher among intervention relative to control women only at post-course, but was significantly related to women's leisure-time physical activity at post-course, 1-year, and 2-year follow-up after controlling for prior physical activity and condition. Men's strategy use did not differ by condition at any time point, but was associated with men's physical activity at 2-year follow-up. Strategy use was also assessed among intervention participants during ongoing phone contact. Participants' frequency of goal setting accounted for an additional 5.1% of women's physical activity variance at the 2-year assessment, but strategy use assessed on this ongoing basis was not related to men's physical activity. Examining proposed intervention mechanisms of change and the relation between these mechanisms and outcomes is paramount to improving cognitive-behavioral interventions.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/888/CN-00399888/frame.html										
L. Sagedal, N. Øverby, H. Lohne-Seiler, E. Bere, M. Torstveit, T. Henriksen and I. Vistad	2013	Study protocol: fit for delivery - can a lifestyle intervention in pregnancy result in measurable health benefits for mothers and newborns? A randomized controlled trial		BMC public health			13			132						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Study protocol: fit for delivery - can a lifestyle intervention in pregnancy result in measurable health benefits for mothers and newborns? A randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 23406306						CN-00864164				BACKGROUND: The global obesity epidemic has led to increased attention on pregnancy, a period when women are at risk of gaining excessive weight. Excessive gestational weight gain is associated with numerous complications, for both mother and child. Though the problem is widespread, few studies have examined the effect of a lifestyle intervention in pregnancy designed to limit maternal weight gain. The Fit for Delivery study will explore the effectiveness of nutritional counseling coupled with exercise classes compared with standard prenatal care. The aims of the study are to examine the effect of the intervention on maternal weight gain, newborn birth weight, glucose regulation, complications of pregnancy and delivery, and maternal weight retention up to 12 months postpartum. METHODS/DESIGN: Fit for Delivery is a randomized controlled trial that will include 600 women expecting their first child. To be eligible, women must be 18 years of age or older, of less than 20 weeks gestational age, with a singleton pregnancy, and have a Body Mass Index (BMI) ? 19 kg/m2. The women will be randomly allocated to either an intervention group or a control group. The control group will receive standard prenatal care. The intervention group will, in addition, receive nutritional counseling by phone, access to twice-weekly exercise sessions, and information on healthy eating and physical activity provided in pamphlets, evening meetings and an interactive website. Both groups will be monitored by weighing (including bioimpedance measurements of percent body fat), blood tests, self-report questionnaires and hospital record review. DISCUSSION: Weight gained in pregnancy affects the health of both the mother and her unborn child, and simple models for efficient intervention are in high demand. The Fit for Delivery intervention provides concrete advice on limiting energy intake and practical training in increasing physical activity. This lifestyle intervention is simple, reproducible, and inexpensive. The design of the study reflects the realities of clinical practice, where patients are free to choose whether or not they respond to health initiatives. If we find measurable health benefits associated with the intervention, it may be an easily adopted supplement to routine prenatal care, in the prevention of obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT01001689.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/164/CN-00864164/frame.html										
M. Salanova, G. Schiffl, B. Püttmann, B. Schoser and D. Blottner	2008	Molecular biomarkers monitoring human skeletal muscle fibres and microvasculature following long-term bed rest with and without countermeasures		Journal of anatomy			212		3	306-18						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Molecular biomarkers monitoring human skeletal muscle fibres and microvasculature following long-term bed rest with and without countermeasures								Pubmed 18221329						CN-00629607				The cellular mechanisms of human skeletal muscle adaptation to disuse are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the morphological and biochemical changes of the lower limb soleus and vastus lateralis muscles following 60 days of head-down tilt bed rest in women with and without exercise countermeasure using molecular biomarkers monitoring functional cell compartments. Muscle biopsies were taken before (pre) and after bed rest (post) from a bed rest-only and a bed rest exercise group (n = 8, each). NOS1 and NOS3/PECAM, markers of myofibre 'activity' and capillary density, and MuRF1 (E3 ubiquitin-ligase), a marker of proteolysis, were documented by confocal immunofluorescence and immunoblot analyses. Morphometrical parameters (myofibre cross-sectional area, type I/II distribution) were largely preserved in muscles from the exercise group with a robust trend for type II hypertrophy in vastus lateralis. In the bed rest-only group, the relative NOS1 immunostaining intensity was decreased at type I and II myofibre membranes, while the bed rest plus exercise group compensated for this loss particularly in soleus. In the microvascular network, NOS3 expression and the capillary-to-fibre ratio were both increased in the exercise group. Elevated MuRF1 immunosignals found in subgroups of atrophic myofibres probably reflected accelerated proteolysis. Immunoblots revealed overexpression of the MuRF1 protein in the soleus of the bed rest-only group (> 35% vs. pre). We conclude that exercise countermeasure during bed rest affected both NOS/NO signalling and proteolysis in female skeletal muscle. Maintenance of NO signalling mechanisms and normal protein turnover by exercise countermeasure may be crucial steps to attenuate human skeletal muscle atrophy and to maintain cell function following chronic disuse.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/607/CN-00629607/frame.html										
A. Salarian, H. Russmann, F. Vingerhoets, P. Burkhard and K. Aminian	2007	Ambulatory monitoring of physical activities in patients with Parkinson's disease		IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering			54		12	2296-9						Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Ambulatory monitoring of physical activities in patients with Parkinson's disease								Pubmed 18075046						CN-00621709				A new ambulatory method of monitoring physical activities in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients is proposed based on a portable data-logger with three body-fixed inertial sensors. A group of ten PD patients treated with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) and ten normal control subjects followed a protocol of typical daily activities and the whole period of the measurement was recorded by video. Walking periods were recognized using two sensors on shanks and lying periods were detected using a sensor on trunk. By calculating kinematics features of the trunk movements during the transitions between sitting and standing postures and using a statistical classifier, sit-to-stand (SiSt) and stand-to-sit (StSi) transitions were detected and separated from other body movements. Finally, a fuzzy classifier used this information to detect periods of sitting and standing. The proposed method showed a high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of basic body postures allocations: sitting, standing, lying, and walking periods, both in PD patients and healthy subjects. We found significant differences in parameters related to SiSt and StSi transitions between PD patients and controls and also between PD patients with and without STN-DBS turned on. We concluded that our method provides a simple, accurate, and effective means to objectively quantify physical activities in both normal and PD patients and may prove useful to assess the level of motor functions in the latter.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/709/CN-00621709/frame.html										
K. Saleh, D. Radosevich, R. Kassim, M. Moussa, D. Dykes, H. Bottolfson, T. Gioe and H. Robinson	2002	Comparison of commonly used orthopaedic outcome measures using palm-top computers and paper surveys		Journal of orthopaedic research			20		6	1146-51						Journal: Article		Comparison of commonly used orthopaedic outcome measures using palm-top computers and paper surveys														CN-00444063				Introduction: Measuring patient-perceived outcomes following orthopaedic procedures have become an important component of clinical research and patient care. General and disease-specific outcomes measures have been developed and applied in orthopaedics to assess the patients' perceived health status. Unfortunately, paper-based, self-administered instruments remain inefficient for collecting data because of: (a) missing data (b) respondent error, and (c) the costs to administer and enter data. Objective: To study the comparability of palm-top computer devices and paper-pencil self-administered questionnaires in the collection of health-related quality of life (HRQL) information from patients. Methods: The comparability of administering HRQL questionnaires using palm-top computer and traditional paper-based forms was tested in a sample of 96 patients with complaints of hip and/or knee pain. Each patient completed mailed versions of the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS), 36-item Health Survey (SF-36), and Western Ontario and McMasters University Arthritis Index (WOMAC) three weeks prior to presenting to clinic. At the clinic they were asked to complete the same outcomes measures using the palm-top computer or a paper-and-pencil version. Analysis: In the analysis, scale distributions, floor and ceiling effects, internal consistency and retest reliability of scales were compared across the two data collection methods. Because the baseline characteristics of the groups were not strictly comparable according to age, the data were analyzed for the entire sample and stratified according to age. Results: Few statistically significant differences were found for the means, variances and intra-class correlation coefficients between the methods of administration. While the scale distribution between the two methods was comparable, the internal consistency of the scales was dissimilar. Conclusions: Administration of HRQL questionnaires using portable palm-top computer devices has the potential advantage of decreased cost and convenience. These data lend some support for the comparability of palm-top computers and paper surveys for outcomes measures widely used in the field of orthopaedic surgery. The present study identified the lack of reliability across modes of administration that requires further study in a randomized comparability trial. These mode effects are important for orthopaedic surgeons to appreciate before implementing innovative data-capture technologies in their practices. 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/063/CN-00444063/frame.html										
J. Salmon, M. Jorna, C. Hume, L. Arundell, N. Chahine, M. Tienstra and D. Crawford	2011	A translational research intervention to reduce screen behaviours and promote physical activity among children: Switch-2-Activity		Health promotion international			26		3	311-21						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		A translational research intervention to reduce screen behaviours and promote physical activity among children: Switch-2-Activity								Pubmed 21177770						CN-00812903				Translational or implementation research that assesses the effectiveness of strategies to promote health behaviours among children that have been previously tested under 'ideal' conditions is rarely reported. Switch-2-Activity aimed to examine the effectiveness of an abbreviated programme delivered by teachers targeting children's television viewing, computer use, physical activity and potential mediators of behaviour change. Fifteen schools from disadvantaged areas in Melbourne, Australia agreed to participate in the study (43% school-level response rate). Out of the 1566 Grades 5 and 6 (9-12 year old) children invited to take part in the study, 1048 (67% response rate) provided informed consent. Schools were randomized to either an intervention or wait-list control condition. Teachers delivered six lessons, which included strategies such as self-monitoring, behavioural contracting and budgeting of screen time. Children completed a self-report survey at baseline and post-intervention examining screen-based behaviours, physical activity, self-efficacy and behavioural capability. Teachers reported implementation of and attitudes to the programme. Seventy-one per cent of teachers delivered at least four of the six lessons. Most teachers reported that the materials were easy to follow and deliver; however, many teachers reported modifying the materials in some way. Among boys, there were favourable small intervention effects on weekend screen time [(coefficient = -0.62, 95% 95% confidence interval: -1.15, -0.10, p = 0.020)]. The intervention also had significant positive effects on children's self-efficacy for reducing television viewing and on behavioural capability (television viewing styles). Future studies that assess the translation of efficacious programmes and that test whether such programmes are equally effective in different settings (e.g. in the family setting) are urgently required.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/903/CN-00812903/frame.html										
A. Salonen, K. Taari, M. Ala-Opas, J. Viitanen, S. Lundstedt and T. Tammela	2013	Advanced prostate cancer treated with intermittent or continuous androgen deprivation in the randomised FinnProstate Study VII: quality of life and adverse effects		European urology			63		1	111-20						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Advanced prostate cancer treated with intermittent or continuous androgen deprivation in the randomised FinnProstate Study VII: quality of life and adverse effects								Pubmed 22857983						CN-00864734				BACKGROUND: Intermittent dosing may reduce the adverse events (AEs) of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). OBJECTIVE: To compare intermittent androgen deprivation (IAD) and continuous androgen deprivation (CAD) with regard to health-related quality of life (QoL). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A total of 852 men with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) were enrolled to receive goserelin acetate 3.6 mg every 28 d for 24 wk. A total of 554 patients whose prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decreased to <10 ng/ml or by ?50% (<20 ng/ml at baseline) were randomised to IAD or CAD. INTERVENTION: In the IAD arm, ADT was resumed for at least 24 wk whenever PSA increased >20 ng/ml or above baseline. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: QoL was monitored with a validated Cleary 30-item questionnaire and analysed by the Mann-Whitney U test, 0.5 standard deviation rule, and repeated measures analysis of variance. AEs and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were analysed by the chi-square test. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Median follow-up was 65 mo. Significant differences in QoL emerged in activity limitation, physical capacity, and sexual functioning, favouring IAD. No significant differences emerged in the prevalence of AEs: 87 patients in the IAD arm (31.8%) and 95 in the CAD arm (33.9%) had cardiovascular (CV) AEs (p=0.59), with 25 (9.1%) and 29 (10.4%) withdrawn (p=0.62), and 21 (7.7%) and 24 (8.6%) dying because of a CV event (p=0.70), respectively; bone fractures occurred in 19 (6.9%) and 15 (5.4%) patients (p=0.44), respectively. Hot flushes or night sweats were the most common ADRs (47.1% vs 50.4%; p=0.44). Erectile dysfunction (15.7% vs 7.9%; p=0.042) and depressed mood (2.2 vs 0%; p=0.032) were more common in the IAD arm. CONCLUSIONS: IAD showed benefits in the treatment of advanced PCa with respect to QoL. The prevalence of AEs was not significantly lower with IAD. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00293670.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/734/CN-00864734/frame.html										
J. Sanderson, S. Chan, G. Yip, L. Yeung, K. Chan, K. Raymond and K. Woo	1999	Beta-blockade in heart failure: a comparison of carvedilol with metoprolol		Journal of the American College of Cardiology			34		5	1522-8						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Beta-blockade in heart failure: a comparison of carvedilol with metoprolol								Pubmed 10551702						CN-00000262				OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to compare the long-term clinical efficacy of treatment with metoprolol versus carvedilol in patients with chronic heart failure. BACKGROUND: Beta-adrenergic blockade is of proven value in chronic heart failure. Metoprolol, a selective beta-blocker, is widely used, but recent trials suggest carvedilol, a nonselective beta-blocker with alpha-1-receptor antagonist activity and antioxidant activities, is also effective. It is uncertain, however, if these additional properties of carvedilol provide further clinical benefit compared with metoprolol. METHODS: In this randomized double-blind control trial, 51 patients with chronic heart failure and mean left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction of 26% +/- 1.8% were randomly assigned treatment with metoprolol 50 mg twice daily or carvedilol 25 mg twice daily in addition to standard therapy after a four-week dose titration period for a total of 12 weeks. Response was assessed by a quality of life questionnaire, New York Heart Association class, exercise capacity (6-min walk test), radionucleotide ventriculography for LV ejection fraction, two-dimensional echocardiography measurement of LV dimensions and diastolic filling and 24-h electrocardiograph monitoring to assess heart rate variability. RESULTS: Both carvedilol and metoprolol produced highly significant improvement in symptoms (p < 0.001), exercise capacity (p < 0.05) and LV ejection fraction (p < 0.001), and there were no significant differences between the two drugs. Carvedilol had a significantly greater effect on sitting and standing blood pressure, LV end-diastolic dimension and normalized the mitral E wave deceleration time. CONCLUSIONS: Both metoprolol and carvedilol were equally effective in improving symptoms, quality of life, exercise capacity and LV ejection fraction, although carvedilol lowers blood pressure more than metoprolol.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/262/CN-00000262/frame.html										
C. J. Sandland, S. J. Singh, A. Curcio, P. M. Jones and M. D. Morgan	2005	A profile of daily activity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease		Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation			25		3	181-3					May-Jun			A profile of daily activity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	J Cardiopulm Rehabil	0883-9212												15931024				BACKGROUND: Little information exists about the pattern of daily activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), especially in those who are on long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). The aim of this study was to explore the regular level of domestic physical activity in patients with COPD and to explore differences in activity in those on LTOT.
METHODS: Daily activity was recorded using an activity monitor for 7 consecutive days in 4 groups. Group 1 had severe COPD (FEV1 0.66 [0.42] L) receiving LTOT (n = 9). Group 2 had severe COPD (FEV1 1.07 [0.43] L) and had full knowledge of the activity monitor and the purpose of the study (n = 10). Group 3 had severe COPD (FEV1 1.16 [0.27] L) but were unaware of the precise nature of the study (n = 10). Group 4 (n = 10) were the healthy control group. Participants also completed health status questionnaires.
RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in the level of daily activity between all groups (P < .001) except between groups 2 and 3. There were no significant differences between days within groups. The activity counts compared to the healthy groups were reduced by 49% in groups 2 and 3 and by 79% in those on LTOT.
CONCLUSION: Patients with COPD demonstrate reduced levels of spontaneous physical activity compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, patients receiving LTOT have an even lower level of domestic activity compared with that of those not on LTOT but with COPD of similar severity.	Sandland, C J
Singh, S J
Curcio, A
Jones, P M
Morgan, M D L		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15931024http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:15931024&id=doi:&issn=0883-9212&volume=25&issue=3&spage=181&pages=181-3&date=2005&title=Journal+of+Cardiopulmonary+Rehabilitation&atitle=A+profile+of+daily+activity+in+chronic+obstructive+pulmonary+disease.&aulast=Sandland&pid=%3Cauthor%3ESandland+CJ%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E15931024%3C%2FAN%3E		Institute for Lung Health, Department of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK. carolyn.sandland@uhl-tr.nhs.uk						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. J. Sandland, S. J. Singh, A. Curcio, P. M. Jones and M. D. L. Morgan	2005	A profile of daily activity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease		Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation			25		3	181-183								A profile of daily activity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease		0883-9212												2009020328. Language: English. Entry Date: 20050916. Revision Date: 20091218. Publication Type: journal article				BACKGROUND: Little information exists about the pattern of daily activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), especially in those who are on long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). The aim of this study was to explore the regular level of domestic physical activity in patients with COPD and to explore differences in activity in those on LTOT. METHODS: Daily activity was recorded using an activity monitor for 7 consecutive days in 4 groups. Group 1 had severe COPD (FEV1 0.66 [0.42] L) receiving LTOT (n = 9). Group 2 had severe COPD (FEV1 1.07 [0.43] L) and had full knowledge of the activity monitor and the purpose of the study (n = 10). Group 3 had severe COPD (FEV1 1.16 [0.27] L) but were unaware of the precise nature of the study (n = 10). Group 4 (n = 10) were the healthy control group. Participants also completed health status questionnaires. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in the level of daily activity between all groups (P < .001) except between groups 2 and 3. There were no significant differences between days within groups. The activity counts compared to the healthy groups were reduced by 49% in groups 2 and 3 and by 79% in those on LTOT. CONCLUSION: Patients with COPD demonstrate reduced levels of spontaneous physical activity compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, patients receiving LTOT have an even lower level of domestic activity compared with that of those not on LTOT but with COPD of similar severity.	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Physical Therapy. Instrumentation: Global Quality of Life Scale (QOL); Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire. No. of Refs: 10 ref. NLM UID: 8511296. Email: carolyn.sandland@uhl-tr.nhs.uk.
PMID: 15931024		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2009020328&site=ehost-live		Institute for Lung Health, Department of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Groby Road, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK						rzh	EBSCOhost	
C. Sandland, M. Morgan and S. Singh	2008	Patterns of domestic activity and ambulatory oxygen usage in COPD		Chest			134		4	753-60						Randomized Controlled Trial		Patterns of domestic activity and ambulatory oxygen usage in COPD								Pubmed 18625674						CN-00649717				BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine patterns of domestic activity and ambulatory oxygen usage in patients with COPD in their domestic environment. METHODS: Twenty patients (14 men; mean age, 73.4 years [SD, 6.8 years]; FEV1, 1.0 L [SD, 0.5 L]) with stable COPD were recruited after completing a 7-week pulmonary rehabilitation program. Patients were either hypoxic at rest or had desaturation during exercise. Patients were randomized to an 8-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of cylinder oxygen vs cylinder air. Total domestic physical activity and health-related quality of life (HRQL) measures were recorded before and after intervention. RESULTS: There were no significant changes in domestic activity or HRQL measures after the intervention for either cylinder oxygen or cylinder air, except for a worsening of the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire dyspnea domain on cylinder air. There was a significant increase in mean duration (minutes per day) of cylinder use (p < 0.05) between weeks 1 vs 7 and weeks 1 vs 8 for the oxygen group. However, when comparing the two groups together, there were no between-group differences in cylinder use or time spent outside the home. Over the 8 weeks the majority of patients were using the cylinders in the home rather than outside, however, the number of times patients reported using the cylinders outside the home increased over the 8 weeks for the oxygen group. CONCLUSION: In the short term, ambulatory oxygen therapy is not associated with improvements in physical activity, HRQL, or time spent away from home. However, the use of cylinder oxygen increased over the 8 weeks compared to cylinder air. Patients need time to learn how to use oxygen, and ambulatory oxygen appears to enhance activities rather than increase them.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/717/CN-00649717/frame.html										
S. Sanguanrungsirikul, J. Somboonwong, C. Nakhnahup and C. Pruksananonda	2001	Energy expenditure and physical activity of obese and non-obese Thai children		Chotmaihet thangphaet [Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand]			84 Suppl 1			S314-20						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial;		Energy expenditure and physical activity of obese and non-obese Thai children								Pubmed 11529350						CN-00356232				The objective of this study was to assess the energy expenditure and physical activity in obese (n=21) and non-obese (n=21) children (aged 9-12 years) in Bangkok. Anthropometric measurements were performed. Energy expenditure and physical activity were determined by indirect calorimetry (based on oxygen consumption) and the heart rate monitoring method. Physical activity index was calculated by the ratio of total energy expenditure (TEE) to sedentary energy expenditure (SEE). The results showed that obese children had significantly greater (p<0.05) body weight, body mass index, relative weight, body fat (%), fat mass except for height, and fat free mass than the non-obese group. The TEE, SEE, and activity energy expenditure (AEE) were higher (p<0.05) in the obese children when compared with the non-obese ones. The mean values of respiratory quotient (RQ) were 0.91+/-0.06 in obese and 0.89+/-0.08 in the non-obese group, respectively, indicating the contribution of carbohydrate substrate to energy production. Both obese and non-obese children were similar in the physical activity index level of 1.48+/-0.17 and 1.51+/-0.22, respectively, which was lower than that recommended by the World Health Organization (1.7). In conclusion, energy expenditure of obese children was higher than non-obese children because of greater body weight. Furthermore, the physical activity of both groups was lower than that recommended by WHO. To prevent obesity in children, programmimg of exercise and activities as well as nutritional education should be emphasized for school children and parents.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/232/CN-00356232/frame.html										
G. Santoro, S. Savonitto, V. Bello, D. Alberti and C. Giusti	1991	Twenty-four-hour activity of felodipine extended release in chronic stable angina pectoris		American journal of cardiology			68		5	457-62						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial;		Twenty-four-hour activity of felodipine extended release in chronic stable angina pectoris								Pubmed 1872271						CN-00077483				To investigate the antiischemic efficacy and duration of action of the dihydropyridine calcium antagonist felodipine, 15 patients with stable exertional angina were enrolled in a double-blind, crossover study comparing 2 doses (5 and 10 mg) of felodipine extended release (ER) and placebo given once daily for 1 week. Bicycle exercise tests were repeated at the end of each treatment period 4 and 24 hours after dosing. Four hours after dosing with both felodipine doses, only 5 patients discontinued the exercise test because of greater than 2 mm of ST-segment depression, whereas 10 continued until exhaustion (p less than 0.01 vs placebo). Compared with placebo, total exercise time was increased by 19% (p less than 0.001), with no difference between doses. After 24 hours, exercise duration was prolonged up to physical exhaustion in 6 patients taking felodipine 10 mg (p less than 0.05 vs both placebo and felodipine 5 mg); moreover, 11 patients taking 10 mg and 5 taking 5 mg increased time to 1 mm of ST depression greater than or equal to 15% compared with exercise time during the placebo test. Mean time to 1 mm of ST depression at 24 hours was increased by 8% with 5 mg and by 18% with 10 mg (p less than 0.001 vs placebo; p less than 0.01 between doses). Total exercise time at 24 hours was increased with both doses (p less than 0.001), with greater efficacy with the 10-mg dose (p less than 0.05 vs 5 mg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/483/CN-00077483/frame.html										
P. Santos, S. Guerra, J. C. Ribeiro, J. A. Duarte and J. Mota	2003	Age and gender-related physical activity. A descriptive study in children using accelerometry		Journal of Sports Medicine & Physical Fitness			43		1	85-9					Mar	Clinical Trial
Comparative Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Age and gender-related physical activity. A descriptive study in children using accelerometry	J Sports Med Phys Fitness	0022-4707												12629468				AIM: Precise measures of habitual physical activity are necessary in studies designed to: 1) document the frequency and distribution of physical activity in defined population groups; 2) determine the amount or dose of physical activity requires to influence specific health parameters. The purpose of this study was to document the age and gender-related physical activity levels on a sample of school children.
METHODS: The sample for the present study comprised 157 children (boys n=64 and girls n=93), aged 8 to 15 years-old. The CSA activity monitor was used as an objective measure of daily physical activity. Each student in the present study was scheduled to wear the CSA 3 times during the week of monitoring.
RESULTS: Boys were involved (p=/<0.05) in more time MVPA than girls. However only in the 11-13 year old group were found significant differences (p=/<0.05). Within gender, significant differences were found out among 11-13 years old (48.7 min) and 14-16 years (72.2 min). The time in MVPA increased across age group in both males and females. Boys participated in more periods of continuous physical activity, bouts of 10 and 20 min respectively, than girls. However no significant differences were found out.
CONCLUSION: Our data showed that children under observation, excepted girls in the 11-13 year old group, appear to meet the minimum physical activity level recommended for health. The data also suggested that boys are more active than girls are and that they were significantly more engaged in more time MVPA than girls did. Surprisingly our data showed an increase in MVPA time as age increases. Further studies are needed to compare the different cut off points assessed during daily activity.	Santos, P
Guerra, S
Ribeiro, J C
Duarte, J A
Mota, J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12629468http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:12629468&id=doi:&issn=0022-4707&volume=43&issue=1&spage=85&pages=85-9&date=2003&title=Journal+of+Sports+Medicine+%26+Physical+Fitness&atitle=Age+and+gender-related+physical+activity.+A+descriptive+study+in+children+using+accelerometry.&aulast=Santos&pid=%3Cauthor%3ESantos+P%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E12629468%3C%2FAN%3E		Research Center in Physical Activity and Leisure, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

P. Santos, S. Guerra, J. C. Ribeiro, J. A. Duarte and J. Mota	2003	Age and gender-related physical activity: a descriptive study in child using accelerometry		Journal of Sports Medicine & Physical Fitness			43		1	85-89								Age and gender-related physical activity: a descriptive study in child using accelerometry		0022-4707												2003154795. Language: English. Entry Date: 20031121. Revision Date: 20091218. Publication Type: journal article				AIM: Precise measures of habitual physical activity are necessary in studies designed to: 1) document the frequency and distribution of physical activity in defined population groups; 2) determine the amount or dose of physical activity requires to influence specific health parameters. The purpose of this study was to document the age and gender-related physical activity levels on a sample of school children. METHODS: The sample for the present study comprised 157 children (boys n=64 and girls n=93), aged 8 to 15 years-old. The CSA activity monitor was used as an objective measure of daily physical activity. Each student in the present study was scheduled to wear the CSA 3 times during the week of monitoring. RESULTS: Boys were involved (p=/<0.05) in more time MVPA than girls. However only in the 11-13 year old group were found significant differences (p=/<0.05). Within gender, significant differences were found out among 11-13 years old (48.7 min) and 14-16 years (72.2 min). The time in MVPA increased across age group in both males and females. Boys participated in more periods of continuous physical activity, bouts of 10 and 20 min respectively, than girls. However no significant differences were found out. CONCLUSION: Our data showed that children under observation, excepted girls in the 11-13 year old group, appear to meet the minimum physical activity level recommended for health. The data also suggested that boys are more active than girls are and that they were significantly more engaged in more time MVPA than girls did. Surprisingly our data showed an increase in MVPA time as age increases. Further studies are needed to compare the different cut off points assessed during daily activity.	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Continental Europe; Europe; Peer Reviewed. Special Interest: Pediatric Care; Physical Therapy; Sports Medicine. No. of Refs: 36 ref. NLM UID: 0376337.
PMID: 12629468		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2003154795&site=ehost-live		Research Center in Physical Activity and Leisure, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal						rzh	EBSCOhost	
N. Sarraf-Zadegan, G. Sadri, A. H. Malek, M. Baghaei, F. N. Mohammadi, S. Shahrokhi, H. Tolooie, M. Poormoghaddas, M. Sadeghi, A. Tavassoli, M. Rafiei, R. Kelishadi, K. Rabiei, N. Bashardoost, M. Boshtam, S. Asgary, G. Naderi, T. Changiz and A. Yousefie	2003	Isfahan Healthy Heart Programme: A comprehensive integrated community-based programme for cardiovascular disease prevention and control. Design, methods and initial experience		Acta cardiologica			58		4	309-20						Journal: Article		Isfahan Healthy Heart Programme: A comprehensive integrated community-based programme for cardiovascular disease prevention and control. Design, methods and initial experience														CN-00474303				The Isfahan Healthy Heart Programme (IHHP) is a five to six year comprehensive integrated community-based programme for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) prevention and control via reducing CVD risk factors and improvement of cardiovascular healthy behaviour in a target population. IHHP started late in 1999 and will be finished in 2005-2006. A primary survey was done to collect baseline data from interventional (Isfahan and Najaf-Abad) and reference (Arak) communities. In a two-stage sampling method, we randomly selected 5 to 10 percent of households from randomly selected clusters. Then individuals aged > 19 years were selected for the survey. This way, data from 12,600 individuals (6300 in interventional counties and 6300 in the reference county) was collected and stratified according to living area (urban vs. rural) and different age and sex groups. The samples underwent a 30-minute interview to complete validated questionnaires containing questions on demography, socioeconomic status, smoking behaviour, physical activity, nutritional habits and other behaviour regarding CVD. Blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) measurements were done and fasting blood samples were taken for two hours post load plasma glucose (2 hpp), serum (total, HDL and LDL) cholesterol and triglyceride levels. A twelve-lead electrocardiogram was recorded in all persons above 35 years of age. Community-wide surveillance of deaths, hospital discharges, myocardial infarction and stroke registry was carried out in the intervention and control areas. Four to five years of interventions based on different categories such as mass media, community partnerships, health system involvement and policy and legislation have started in the intervention area while Arak will be followed without intervention. Considering the results of the baseline surveys. (assessments needed, the objectives, existing resources and the possibility of national implementation) the interventions were planned. They were set based on specific target groups like school children, women, work-site, health personnel, high-risk persons, and community leaders were actively engaged as decision makers. A series of teams was arranged for planning and implementation of the intervention strategies. Monitoring will be done on small samples to assess the effect of different interventions in the intervention area. While four periodic surveys will be conducted on independent samples to assess health behaviours related to CVD risk factors in the intervention and reference areas, the original pre-intervention subjects aged more than 35 years will be followed in both areas to assess the individual effect of interventions and outcomes like sudden death, fatal and nonfatal MI and stroke. The whole baseline survey will be repeated on the original and an independent sample in both communities at the end of the study.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/303/CN-00474303/frame.html										
S. Sasayama, T. Izumi, Y. Seino, K. Ueshima and H. Asanoi	2006	Effects of nocturnal oxygen therapy on outcome measures in patients with chronic heart failure and cheyne-stokes respiration		Circulation journal			70		1	1-7						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of nocturnal oxygen therapy on outcome measures in patients with chronic heart failure and cheyne-stokes respiration								Pubmed 16377916						CN-00553855				BACKGROUND: The effects of nasal oxygen (O(2)) supply at night using conventional home oxygen therapy (HOT) equipment on quality of life (QOL) and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) were evaluated in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Nasal nocturnal O(2) therapy not only stabilizes SDB but also reduces sympathetic activity, and improves exercise capacity in patients with CHF. However, the effects of oxygen on the cardiac function and QOL of heart failure patients have not been fully elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty-six patients with CHF (New York Heart Association class II - III, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <or=45%) and central sleep apnea (CSA) with Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) were randomly assigned to receive either nocturnal O(2) (HOT group, n=25) or usual breathing (control group, n=31) for 12 weeks. Respiration, airflow and arterial oxygen levels were monitored with determination of apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) during sleep. LV function was determined by radionuclide angiography or echocardiography. QOL was assessed by the Specific Activity Scale questionnaire. In the HOT group, nocturnal O(2) resulted in significant improvements in AHI (21.0 +/- 10.8 to 10.0+/-11.6 events/h, mean +/- SD, p<0.001), ODI (19.5 +/- 9.8 to 5.9 +/- 8.7 dips/h, p<0.001) and Specific Activity scale (4.0 +/- 1.2 to 5.0 +/- 1.5 Mets, p<0.001). LVEF also increased from baseline to the end of the study (34.7 +/- 10.4 to 38.2 +/- 13.6%, p=0.022). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with stable CHF and CSR, HOT at night improves SDB, LV function and QOL, and thus is a valuable nonpharmacological option for the treatment of patients with CHF and CSR-CSA.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/855/CN-00553855/frame.html										
C. Sawchuk, S. Charles, Y. Wen, J. Goldberg, R. Forquera, P. Roy-Byrne and D. Buchwald	2008	A randomized trial to increase physical activity among native elders		Preventive medicine			47		1	89-94						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		A randomized trial to increase physical activity among native elders								Pubmed 18455784						CN-00668372				OBJECTIVE: Physical inactivity is common among older populations and American Indians. Our objective was to compare two methods for increasing physical activity and walking among American Indian elders. METHODS: We conducted a two arm randomized trial to increase physical activity in 125 American Indians aged 50-74 years at the Seattle Indian Health Board in 2005. Participants were randomized into either an activity monitoring (N=63) or activity monitoring with a pedometer (N=62) arm over a six-week period. Outcomes included self-reported physical activity and well-being, and the 6-min walk test. RESULTS: There were no group differences in self-reported physical activities and well-being. The 6-min walk test yielded no between-group differences. All participants increased the frequency of leisure walking (p<0.01), frequency of all exercise-related activities (p<0.01), frequency of moderate-intensity exercise activities (p<0.01), and improved weekly caloric expenditure for all exercise activities (p<0.05) by the end of the trial. CONCLUSIONS: Pedometers did not confer enhanced performance on the physical activity outcomes beyond those achieved through self-monitoring. Physical activity can be promoted among at-risk groups in a brief, inexpensive manner in primary care. Exercise prescription and culturally relevant enhancement strategies may optimize physical activity outcomes for elder American Indians.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/372/CN-00668372/frame.html										
C. Sawchuk, J. Russo, S. Charles, J. Goldberg, R. Forquera, P. Roy-Byrne and D. Buchwald	2011	Does pedometer goal setting improve physical activity among Native elders? Results from a randomized pilot study		American Indian and Alaska native mental health research (Online)			18		1	23-41						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Does pedometer goal setting improve physical activity among Native elders? Results from a randomized pilot study								Pubmed 21866498						CN-00798312				We examined if step-count goal setting resulted in increases in physical activity and walking compared to only monitoring step counts with pedometers among American Indian/Alaska Native elders. Outcomes included step counts, self-reported physical activity and well-being, and performance on the 6-minute walk test. Although no significant between-group differences were found, within-group analyses indicated that elders significantly improved on the majority of step count, physical activity, health-related quality of life, and 6-minute walk outcomes.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/312/CN-00798312/frame.html										
J. Saxton and A. Donnelly	1995	Light concentric exercise during recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage		International journal of sports medicine			16		6	347-51						Journal: Article		Light concentric exercise during recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage														CN-00358884				Eight male volunteers performed two eccentric exercise bouts using the forearm flexors of first one arm, then the other. The two bouts, consisting of 70 maximum voluntary muscle actions, were separated by a period of three weeks. In the experimental condition of the study, five sets of 10 sub-maximal concentric muscle actions were performed on the four days after the eccentric bout. In the control condition of the study, no concentric work was performed. Repeated measures analysis of variance indicated an increase in serum creatine kinase activity (p < 0.01) and decreases in relaxed elbow angle (p < 0.05) and maximum voluntary contraction force (p < 0.01) at three elbow angles (0.87, 1.57 and 2.79 rad) after both eccentric bouts. However, the serum creatine kinase response to eccentric exercise was reduced in the experimental condition (p < 0.05) and recovery of maximum voluntary force production at the most acute joint angle (0.87 rad) was accelerated (p < 0.01). Although muscle soreness increased after both eccentric bouts (p < 0.05; Wilcoxon test), further concentric exercise evoked temporary relief of muscle soreness two days after the bout (p < 0.05; Wilcoxon test). However, light concentric work had no effect on the other para meters monitored. In practical terms, these results suggest that the therapeutic effects of light concentric work on correlates of exercise-induced muscle damage are minimal.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/884/CN-00358884/frame.html										
J. Saxton, A. Donnelly and H. Roper	1994	Indices of free-radical-mediated damage following maximum voluntary eccentric and concentric muscular work		European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology			68		3	189-93						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Indices of free-radical-mediated damage following maximum voluntary eccentric and concentric muscular work								Pubmed 8054075						CN-00103136				This study monitored plasma and skeletal muscle markers of free-radical-mediated damage following maximum eccentric and concentric exercise, to examine the potential role of free radicals in exercise-induced muscle damage. Fourteen male volunteers performed either (1) a bout of 70 maximum eccentric and a bout of 70 maximum concentric muscle actions of the forearm flexors (the bouts being separated by 4 weeks; n = 8) or (2) a bout of 80 maximum eccentric and a bout of 80 maximum concentric muscle actions of the knee extensors (the bouts being separated by 1 week; n = 6). Plasma markers of lipid peroxidation, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and diene-conjugated compounds (DCC) were monitored in the arm protocol and skeletal muscle markers of oxidative lipid and protein damage, malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl derivatives (PCD) respectively, were monitored in the leg protocol. In both protocols, the contralateral limb was used for the second bout and the order of the bouts was randomised between limbs. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated significant changes from baseline following eccentric arm work on the measures of serum creatine kinase activity (P < 0.05), maximum voluntary torque production (P < 0.01) and relaxed arm angle (P < 0.01). Subjective muscle soreness peaked 2 days after eccentric arm work (P < 0.05, Wilcoxon test). However, there were no changes in the plasma levels of TBARS or DCC following the eccentric or concentric arm exercise. Immediately after concentric leg exercise, skeletal muscle PCD concentrations was significantly higher than that observed immediately after eccentric work (P < 0.05)(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/136/CN-00103136/frame.html										
S. Sayers, P. Clarkson and J. Lee	2000	Activity and immobilization after eccentric exercise: II. Serum CK		Medicine and science in sports and exercise			32		9	1593-7						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Activity and immobilization after eccentric exercise: II. Serum CK								Pubmed 10994910						CN-00372412				PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of muscle activity level on serum creatine kinase (CK) activity after high-force eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors. METHODS: Twenty-six male volunteers were randomly assigned to one of three groups for a 4-d treatment period after exercise: immobilization (N = 9), control (N = 8), and light exercise (N = 9). During the treatment period, the immobilization group had their arm casted and supported in a sling at 90 degrees. The control group had no restriction of their arm activity. The light exercise group performed a daily exercise regimen of 50 biceps curls with a 5-lb dumbbell. Serum CK activity was obtained by venipuncture for three consecutive days before eccentric exercise and during the 4-d treatment period. To quantify activity of the arm, CSA (Computer Science and Applications, Inc.) activity-monitoring devices were worn. RESULTS: Serum CK measurements revealed that there was a significant group by time interaction in the analysis of variance (P < 0.05). Peak serum CK activity of the immobilized group (668 IU) was lower than either the control (4230 IU) or light exercise (2740 IU) group. During the treatment period, activity level among the three groups was significantly different from each other (P < 0.001): 529 counts x min(-1) for the immobilization group, 944 counts x min(-1) for the control group, and 1334 counts x min(-1) for the light exercise group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that immobilization of exercised damaged muscle during recovery significantly blunted serum CK activity, which may be due to attenuated removal of CK from the muscle and/or decrease lymphatic transport.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/412/CN-00372412/frame.html										
N. Sazonova, R. C. Browning and E. Sazonov	2011	Accurate prediction of energy expenditure using a shoe-based activity monitor		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			43		7	1312-21					Jul	Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Validation Studies		Accurate prediction of energy expenditure using a shoe-based activity monitor	Med Sci Sports Exerc	1530-0315												21131868				PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a method for predicting energy expenditure (EE) using a footwear-based system with integrated accelerometer and pressure sensors.
METHODS: We developed a footwear-based device with an embedded accelerometer and insole pressure sensors for the prediction of EE. The data from the device can be used to perform accurate recognition of major postures and activities and to estimate EE using the acceleration, pressure, and posture/activity classification information in a branched algorithm without the need for individual calibration. We measured EE via indirect calorimetry as 16 adults (body mass index=19-39 kgm) performed various low- to moderate-intensity activities and compared measured versus predicted EE using several models based on the acceleration and pressure signals.
RESULTS: Inclusion of pressure data resulted in better accuracy of EE prediction during static postures such as sitting and standing. The activity-based branched model that included predictors from accelerometer and pressure sensors (BACC-PS) achieved the lowest error (e.g., root mean squared error (RMSE)=0.69 METs) compared with the accelerometer-only-based branched model BACC (RMSE=0.77 METs) and nonbranched model (RMSE=0.94-0.99 METs). Comparison of EE prediction models using data from both legs versus models using data from a single leg indicates that only one shoe needs to be equipped with sensors.
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that foot acceleration combined with insole pressure measurement, when used in an activity-specific branched model, can accurately estimate the EE associated with common daily postures and activities. The accuracy and unobtrusiveness of a footwear-based device may make it an effective physical activity monitoring tool.	Sazonova, Nadezhda
Browning, Raymond C
Sazonov, Edward
1R43DK083229 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21131868http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21131868&id=doi:10.1249%2FMSS.0b013e318206f69d&issn=0195-9131&volume=43&issue=7&spage=1312&pages=1312-21&date=2011&title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&atitle=Accurate+prediction+of+energy+expenditure+using+a+shoe-based+activity+monitor.&aulast=Sazonova&pid=%3Cauthor%3ESazonova+N%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21131868%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0286, USA. nasazonova@bama.ua.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. Scalvini, E. Zanelli, L. Comini, T. M. Dalla, G. Troise, O. Febo and A. Giordano	2013	Home-based versus in-hospital cardiac rehabilitation after cardiac surgery: a nonrandomized controlled study		Physical therapy			93		8	1073-83						Journal: Article		Home-based versus in-hospital cardiac rehabilitation after cardiac surgery: a nonrandomized controlled study								Pubmed 23599353						CN-00910327				BACKGROUND: Exercise rehabilitation after cardiac surgery has beneficial effects, especially on a long-term basis. Rehabilitative programs with telemedicine plus appropriate technology might satisfy the needs of performing rehabilitation at home. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare exercise capacity after home-based cardiac rehabilitation (HBCR) or in-hospital rehabilitation in patients at low to medium risk for early mortality (EuroSCORE 0-5) following cardiac surgery. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental study was conducted. METHODS: At hospital discharge, patients were given the option to decide whether to enroll in the HBCR program. Clinical examinations (electrocardiography, cardiac echo color Doppler, chest radiography, blood samples) of patients in the HBCR group were collected during 4 weeks of rehabilitation, and exercise capacity (assessed using the Six-Minute Walk Test [6MWT]) was assessed before and after rehabilitation. A group of patients admitted to the in-hospital rehabilitation program was used as a comparison group. Patients in the HBCR group were supervised at home by a medical doctor and telemonitored daily by a nurse and physical therapist by video conference. Periodic home visits by health staff also were performed. RESULTS: One hundred patients were recruited into the HBCR group. An equal number of patients was selected for the comparison group. At the end of the 4-week study, the 2 groups showed improvement from their respective baseline values only in the 6MWT. No difference was found in time × group interaction. LIMITATIONS: Because patients self-selected to enroll in the HBCR program and because they were enrolled from a single clinical center, the results of the study cannot be generalized. CONCLUSIONS: In patients who self-selected HBCR, the program was found to be effective and comparable to the standard in-hospital rehabilitative approach, indicating that rehabilitation following cardiac surgery can be implemented effectively at home when coadministered with an integrated telemedicine service.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/327/CN-00910327/frame.html										
C. Schade, D. Schultz, N. Tamayo, S. Iyer and E. Panken	2011	Automatic adaptation of neurostimulation therapy in response to changes in patient position: results of the Posture Responsive Spinal Cord Stimulation (PRS) Research Study		Pain physician			14		5	407-17						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Automatic adaptation of neurostimulation therapy in response to changes in patient position: results of the Posture Responsive Spinal Cord Stimulation (PRS) Research Study								Pubmed 21927044						CN-00805770				BACKGROUND: Variation in the intensity of neurostimulation with body position is a practical problem for many patients implanted with a spinal cord stimulation system because positional changes may result in overstimulation or understimulation. These posture-related changes in patients' perception of paresthesia can affect therapeutic outcomes of spinal cord stimulation therapy. An accelerometer-based algorithm that automatically adjusts spinal cord stimulation based on sensed body position or activity represents a potential solution to the problem of position-mediated variations in paresthesia perception. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare patient satisfaction ratings for manual versus automatic adjustment of spinal cord stimulation amplitude in response to positional changes. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized trial SETTING: 2 pain centers in the US. METHOD: Twenty patients at 2 centers in the U.S. who had been implanted with a spinal cord stimulation system for low back and/or leg pain were enrolled in the study. During a 3-day run-in phase, patient position and activity changes were monitored with an ambulatory data recorder and with a research patient programmer which recorded all stimulation parameter changes. Patients who made >/= 2 amplitude adjustments per 24-hour period were invited to participate in an in-clinic phase. During the in-clinic phase, patients' preferred stimulation amplitude and therapy impedance measured at the preferred stimulation amplitude were determined as they performed a series of 8 physical tasks. Satisfaction ratings were determined during position transitions between the physical tasks using both manual and automatic adjustments. RESULTS: Among the 15 patients who completed the in-clinic test protocol, overall satisfaction ratings were significantly higher for automatic adjustment of stimulation amplitudes versus manual adjustments. Patients reported statistically significant improvements with automatic versus manual adjustment for the standing to supine transition and for supine to standing transition. Approximately 74% of participants rated the paresthesia intensity of the automatic adjustment algorithm as "just right" for the physical tasks that were completed. LIMITATIONS: Small study size. CONCLUSION: Patients preferred automatic versus manual adjustment of stimulation amplitude in response to changes in paresthesia consequent to positional changes during in-clinic testing.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/770/CN-00805770/frame.html										
S. Schmidt, D. A. Finan, A. K. Duun-Henriksen, J. B. Jorgensen, H. Madsen, H. Bengtsson, J. J. Holst, S. Madsbad and K. Norgaard	2012	Effects of everyday life events on glucose, insulin, and glucagon dynamics in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion-treated type 1 diabetes: collection of clinical data for glucose modeling		Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics			14		3	210-7					Mar	Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of everyday life events on glucose, insulin, and glucagon dynamics in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion-treated type 1 diabetes: collection of clinical data for glucose modeling	Diabetes Technol Ther	1557-8593												22023376				BACKGROUND: In the development of glucose control algorithms, mathematical models of glucose metabolism are useful for conducting simulation studies and making real-time predictions upon which control calculations can be based. To obtain type 1 diabetes (T1D) data for the modeling of glucose metabolism, we designed and conducted a clinical study.
METHODS: Patients with insulin pump-treated T1D were recruited to perform everyday life events on two separate days. During the study, patients wore their insulin pumps and, in addition, a continuous glucose monitor and an activity monitor to estimate energy expenditure. The sequence of everyday life events was predetermined and included carbohydrate intake, insulin boluses, and bouts of exercise; the events were introduced, temporally separated, in different orders and in different quantities. Throughout the study day, 10-min plasma glucose measurements were taken, and samples for plasma insulin and glucagon analyses were obtained every 10min for the first 30min after an event and subsequently every 30min.
RESULTS: We included 12 patients with T1D (75% female, 34.3+9.1 years old [mean+SD], hemoglobin A1c 6.7+0.4%). During the 24 study days we collected information-rich, high-quality data during fast and slow changes in plasma glucose following carbohydrate intake, exercise, and insulin boluses.
CONCLUSIONS: This study has generated T1D data suitable for glucose modeling, which will be used in the development of glucose control strategies. Furthermore, the study has given new physiologic insight into the metabolic effects of carbohydrate intake, insulin boluses, and exercise in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion-treated patients with T1D.	Schmidt, Signe
Finan, Daniel A
Duun-Henriksen, Anne Katrine
Jorgensen, John Bagterp
Madsen, Henrik
Bengtsson, Henrik
Holst, Jens Juul
Madsbad, Sten
Norgaard, Kirsten
Comment in: Diabetes Technol Ther. 2012 Mar;14(3):203-4; PMID: 22171545		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22023376http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22023376&id=doi:10.1089%2Fdia.2011.0101&issn=1520-9156&volume=14&issue=3&spage=210&pages=210-7&date=2012&title=Diabetes+Technology+%26+Therapeutics&atitle=Effects+of+everyday+life+events+on+glucose%2C+insulin%2C+and+glucagon+dynamics+in+continuous+subcutaneous+insulin+infusion-treated+type+1+diabetes%3A+collection+of+clinical+data+for+glucose+modeling.&aulast=Schmidt&pid=%3Cauthor%3ESchmidt+S%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22023376%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark. signe.schmidt@hvh.regionh.dk						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. Schmidt, D. A. Finan, A. K. Duun-Henriksen, J. B. Jørgensen, H. Madsen, H. Bengtsson, J. J. Holst, S. Madsbad and K. Nørgaard	2012	Effects of everyday life events on glucose, insulin, and glucagon dynamics in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion-treated type 1 diabetes: collection of clinical data for glucose modeling		Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics			14		3	210-217								Effects of everyday life events on glucose, insulin, and glucagon dynamics in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion-treated type 1 diabetes: collection of clinical data for glucose modeling		1520-9156												2011482166. Language: English. Entry Date: 20120629. Revision Date: 20120629. Publication Type: journal article				Background: In the development of glucose control algorithms, mathematical models of glucose metabolism are useful for conducting simulation studies and making real-time predictions upon which control calculations can be based. To obtain type 1 diabetes (T1D) data for the modeling of glucose metabolism, we designed and conducted a clinical study. Methods: Patients with insulin pump-treated T1D were recruited to perform everyday life events on two separate days. During the study, patients wore their insulin pumps and, in addition, a continuous glucose monitor and an activity monitor to estimate energy expenditure. The sequence of everyday life events was predetermined and included carbohydrate intake, insulin boluses, and bouts of exercise; the events were introduced, temporally separated, in different orders and in different quantities. Throughout the study day, 10-min plasma glucose measurements were taken, and samples for plasma insulin and glucagon analyses were obtained every 10 min for the first 30 min after an event and subsequently every 30 min. Results: We included 12 patients with T1D (75% female, 34.3±9.1 years old [mean±SD], hemoglobin A1c 6.7±0.4%). During the 24 study days we collected information-rich, high-quality data during fast and slow changes in plasma glucose following carbohydrate intake, exercise, and insulin boluses. Conclusions: This study has generated T1D data suitable for glucose modeling, which will be used in the development of glucose control strategies. Furthermore, the study has given new physiologic insight into the metabolic effects of carbohydrate intake, insulin boluses, and exercise in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion-treated patients with T1D.	randomized controlled trial; research. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Online/Print; Peer Reviewed; USA. NLM UID: 100889084.
PMID: 22023376		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2011482166&site=ehost-live		1 Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre University Hospital , Hvidovre, Denmark						rzh	EBSCOhost	
S. Schmidt, D. Finan, A. Duun-Henriksen, J. Jørgensen, H. Madsen, H. Bengtsson, J. Holst, S. Madsbad and K. Nørgaard	2012	Effects of everyday life events on glucose, insulin, and glucagon dynamics in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion-treated type 1 diabetes: collection of clinical data for glucose modeling		Diabetes technology & therapeutics			14		3	210-7						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of everyday life events on glucose, insulin, and glucagon dynamics in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion-treated type 1 diabetes: collection of clinical data for glucose modeling								Pubmed 22023376						CN-00971695				BACKGROUND: In the development of glucose control algorithms, mathematical models of glucose metabolism are useful for conducting simulation studies and making real-time predictions upon which control calculations can be based. To obtain type 1 diabetes (T1D) data for the modeling of glucose metabolism, we designed and conducted a clinical study. METHODS: Patients with insulin pump-treated T1D were recruited to perform everyday life events on two separate days. During the study, patients wore their insulin pumps and, in addition, a continuous glucose monitor and an activity monitor to estimate energy expenditure. The sequence of everyday life events was predetermined and included carbohydrate intake, insulin boluses, and bouts of exercise; the events were introduced, temporally separated, in different orders and in different quantities. Throughout the study day, 10-min plasma glucose measurements were taken, and samples for plasma insulin and glucagon analyses were obtained every 10?min for the first 30?min after an event and subsequently every 30?min. RESULTS: We included 12 patients with T1D (75% female, 34.3±9.1 years old [mean±SD], hemoglobin A1c 6.7±0.4%). During the 24 study days we collected information-rich, high-quality data during fast and slow changes in plasma glucose following carbohydrate intake, exercise, and insulin boluses. CONCLUSIONS: This study has generated T1D data suitable for glucose modeling, which will be used in the development of glucose control strategies. Furthermore, the study has given new physiologic insight into the metabolic effects of carbohydrate intake, insulin boluses, and exercise in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion-treated patients with T1D.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/695/CN-00971695/frame.html										
T. Schmidt, J. Wittenhaus, T. Steinmetz, P. Piccolo and H. Lüpsen	1992	Twenty-four-hour ambulatory noninvasive continuous finger blood pressure measurement with PORTAPRES: a new tool in cardiovascular research		Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology			19 Suppl 6			S117-45						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Twenty-four-hour ambulatory noninvasive continuous finger blood pressure measurement with PORTAPRES: a new tool in cardiovascular research								Pubmed 1382159						CN-00087131				PORTAPRES model 1 is a portable 24 h continuous noninvasive blood pressure recorder based on the same principles as FINAPRES, the volume-clamp method of Peñaz and the physiocal criteria of Wesseling. In addition, PORTAPRES measures two adjacent fingers in alternation every 30 min and automatically corrects hydrostatic effects due to height changes of the measured fingers. The device measures 255 x 210 x 60 mm and weights about 3,000 g, including a lithium battery pack and a TEAC cassette FM instrumentation tape recorder to record the finger pressure wave form, the height signal, and beat-to-beat derived systolic, mean and diastolic pressure as well as heart rate. It appears to be an excellent new tool for cardiovascular research in humans. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study the effect of oral administration of 2.5 mg cilazapril, a new potent long-acting, nonsulfhydryl-group angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, given once daily for 7 days, was investigated in 16 healthy young men (mean age 25.3 +/- 1.6 years). Finger blood pressure and heart rate were measured with PORTAPRES for 24 h during everyday life and during standardized laboratory tasks, once about 1 to 2 h A.M. and once about 10 to 11 h P.M. once about 1 to 2 h A.M. and once about 10 to 11 h P.M. after drug administration. Physical activity was controlled by integrated thigh-EMG. Using stepwise multiple linear regression analysis it was shown that based on 64 s mean values, this measure of physical activity explains 34-77% of the heart rate variance within 24 h (median 53%), 10-52% (31%) of systolic, and 4-38% (25%) of diastolic blood pressure variance when up to 20 time lags of the EMG signal were introduced as possible predictors. This indicates that varying degrees of physical activity have a great impact on everyday blood pressure and heart rate. After one week cilazapril did not alter 24-h means of systolic and diastolic blood pressure or heart rate significantly, but reduced 30 min averages of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 6-10 and 4-6 mm Hg between 1 1/2 and 4 or 6 h after drug administration respectively during everyday life (p = 0.0067-0.066) without changing heart rate. On adjusting cardiovascular variables for the effects of physical activity, this blood pressure reduction was confirmed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/131/CN-00087131/frame.html										
R. Schmieder, M. Bähr, W. Langewitz, H. Rüddel, H. Schächinger and W. Schulte	1989	Efficacy of four antihypertensive drugs (clonidine, enalapril, nitrendipine, oxprenolol) on stress blood pressure		American journal of cardiology			63		18	1333-8						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Efficacy of four antihypertensive drugs (clonidine, enalapril, nitrendipine, oxprenolol) on stress blood pressure								Pubmed 2543199						CN-00060337				The impact of 4 antihypertensive drug regimens on blood pressure (BP) during everyday life stress and on BP during experimental stress in the laboratory was examined in an open clinical study. Sixty middle-aged men with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension never previously treated were treated either with low-dose clonidine (n = 10), oxprenolol (n = 20), nitrendipine (n = 20) or enalapril (n = 10). Before therapy, all 4 groups did not differ in age, weight, degree of obesity, BP at work site and casual BP measured in the outpatient clinic. After 6 months of effective therapy (casual BP within the normotensive range), casual diastolic BP was identical among the 4 groups, whereas systolic BP was lower in patients treated with clonidine or oxprenolol than in those who received enalapril. A disparate pattern of antihypertensive efficacy among the 4 groups emerged when stress BP was compared, with average ambulatory BP higher in patients receiving clonidine or enalapril than in those who had oxprenolol or nitrendipine. During ambulatory BP monitoring, patients treated with oxprenolol had the lowest level at each level of physical activity and self-reported emotional arousal. During bicycle exercise, patients receiving clonidine had the highest increase in systolic BP and those administered oxprenolol the lowest, whereas the BP response during mental stress was similar among all 4 therapeutic groups. The analysis of the hemodynamic response pattern during mental stress unmasked further disparities. Oxprenolol provoked an abnormal hemodynamic response during mental stress tests (increase in total peripheral resistance), whereas nitrendipine and enalapril preserved the physiological hemodynamic profile (decrease of total peripheral resistance).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/337/CN-00060337/frame.html										
R. Schmieder, M. Bähr, W. Langewitz, H. Rüddel and W. Schulte	1989	Disparities in blood pressure control under various antihypertensive regimens		Journal of hypertension. Supplement			7		3	S85-7						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial;		Disparities in blood pressure control under various antihypertensive regimens								Pubmed 2547917						CN-00252291				Ambulatory blood pressure recordings and stress blood pressures during exercise were compared among hypertensive patients effectively treated with oxprenolol, nitrendipine, enalapril or low-dose clonidine. After 6 months of therapy, the means of blood pressure at rest and casual diastolic pressure were nearly identical among the four therapeutic groups. Although all pressures fell to within the normotensive range, casual systolic pressures were lower in patients treated with sympatholytic agents than in those taking enalapril. In contrast, average ambulatory blood pressure was less controlled in patients given clonidine or enalapril than in those given oxprenolol or nitrendipine. During physical stress patients taking clonidine showed the highest stress blood pressures and those taking oxprenolol the lowest pressures. The study demonstrated that although blood pressure was reduced to within the normotensive range in all four therapeutic groups, analysis of values of ambulatory blood pressure and stress blood pressure during physical activity showed a disparate pattern of antihypertensive efficacy.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/291/CN-00252291/frame.html										
C. Schmitt, B. Kaeser, M. Riek, N. Bech and C. Kreuzer	2010	Effect of saquinavir/ritonavir on P-glycoprotein activity in healthy volunteers using digoxin as a probe		International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics			48		3	192-9						Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effect of saquinavir/ritonavir on P-glycoprotein activity in healthy volunteers using digoxin as a probe								Pubmed 20197013						CN-00742562				BACKGROUND: Saquinavir and ritonavir, both human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease inhibitors, also inhibit the adenosine triphosphate-dependent efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which is located at a variety of anatomic sites, including the human intestine. P-gp plays an important role in the absorption, distribution and elimination of numerous drugs. This study investigated the inhibitory potential of multiple administrations of ritonavir-boosted saquinavir at the target therapeutic dose of 1,000 mg saquinavir/100 mg ritonavir twice daily on the pharmacokinetics of oral digoxin, a model P-gp substrate that is predominantly excreted as unchanged drug in the urine. METHODS: In an open-label, 1-sequence, 2-period crossover study, a single digoxin dose of 0.5 mg was administered orally on Day 1. From Days 11 through 26, participants received oral administration of saquinavir/ritonavir 1,000/100 mg twice daily. A second dose of digoxin was administered on Day 24. Blood and urine sampling for pharmacokinetic analyses of digoxin was performed at scheduled time points on Days 1 - 4 and Days 24 - 27. Serial blood samples were drawn to determine plasma levels of saquinavir and ritonavir on Days 21 - 24. Adverse event reports were collected. RESULTS: Of the 17 enrolled participants (9 males and 8 females) who received at least one dose of study medication, 16 completed the study. Two weeks of pretreatment with ritonavir and saquinavir resulted in a 1.27-fold increase in digoxin Cmax (90% confidence interval (1.05 - 1.54)) and a 1.49-fold increase in AUC0-72 (90% CI (1.32 - 1.69)). Renal clearance decreased by a factor 0.88 from 111 to 97.3 ml/min while digoxin half-life increased from 37.0 to 45.3 h. The unbound fraction of digoxin was almost unaffected. The changes in digoxin renal clearance and exposure (AUC0-72) following 2 weeks of treatment with saquinavir/ritonavir were found to be more pronounced among female participants compared with males. Plasma concentrations of saquinavir/ritonavir at trough and at 4 h postdose were within the expected ranges for each gender, with female participants showing higher concentrations than male participants. All three treatments were well tolerated, with no serious adverse events noted. Despite the higher digoxin exposure among females compared to males following saquinavir/ritonavir administration, overall safety profiles were similar. On electrocardiographic readings, a trend of a longer PR interval was noted with triple combination of agents. CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment with saquinavir/ritonavir 1,000/100 mg twice daily increased digoxin exposure most likely via P-gp-inhibition. Given the relatively narrow therapeutic window of digoxin, caution should be exercised when these three drugs are administered together. It is recommended to reduce digoxin doses and to monitor digoxin serum concentrations.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/562/CN-00742562/frame.html										
L. Schmitt, J. Fouillot, G. Millet, P. Robach, G. Nicolet, J. Brugniaux and J. Richalet	2008	Altitude, heart rate variability and aerobic capacities		International journal of sports medicine			29		4	300-6						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Altitude, heart rate variability and aerobic capacities								Pubmed 17687758						CN-00700019				We analyzed the relationship between aerobic capacities and changes in heart rate variability (HRV) in Nordic-skiers during living high-training low (Hi-Lo). Eleven skiers trained for 18 days at 1200 m, sleeping at 1200 m (LL, n = 5) or in hypoxic rooms (HL, n = 6, 3 x 6 days at altitudes of 2500 - 3000 - 3500 m, 11 h . day (-1)). Measurements were performed before, during and two weeks after Hi-Lo. VO(2max), peak power output were not improved in HL nor in LL, whereas VO(2) and power at the respiratory compensation point (VO(2RCP) and PRCP) increased by 7.5 % and 5.0 % only in HL. Significant changes in HRV occurred only in LL, in the standing position, including a 30 % (p < 0.05) increase in resting heart rate (HR), a 50 % (p < 0.05) decrease in total spectral power (TP) and a 77 % (p < 0.05) decrease in high frequency activity (HF). When all the subjects were pooled, the changes in HRV in the supine position were correlated to the changes in aerobic capacities, i.e., HF, LF and TP were correlated to VO(2RCP) and HR, HF and TP were correlated to PRCP. This study confirms the relationship between HRV and changes in aerobic capacity, therefore highlighting the potential value of HRV for monitoring altitude training adaptations.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/019/CN-00700019/frame.html										
F. Schneider, L. Osch, D. Schulz, S. Kremers and H. Vries	2012	The influence of user characteristics and a periodic email prompt on exposure to an internet-delivered computer-tailored lifestyle program		Journal of medical Internet research			14		2	e40						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The influence of user characteristics and a periodic email prompt on exposure to an internet-delivered computer-tailored lifestyle program								Pubmed 22382037						CN-00832255				BACKGROUND: The Internet is a promising medium in the field of health promotion for offering tailored and targeted lifestyle interventions applying computer-tailored (CT) techniques to the general public. Actual exposure to CT interventions is not living up to its high expectations, as only a (limited) proportion of the target group is actually using these programs. OBJECTIVE: To investigate exposure to an Internet-delivered, CT lifestyle intervention, targeting physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, smoking behavior, and alcohol intake, we focused on three processes: first use, prolonged use, and sustained use. The first objectives were to identify user characteristics that predict initiation of an online CT lifestyle program (first use) and completion of this program (prolonged use). Furthermore, we studied the effect of using a proactive strategy, consisting of periodic email prompts, on program revisits (sustained use). METHODS: The research population for this study consisted of Dutch adults participating in the Adult Health Monitor, offered by the regional public health services. We used a randomized controlled trial design to assess predictors of first use, prolonged use, and sustained use. Demographics and behavioral characteristics, as well as the strategy used for revisiting, were included as predictors in the model. RESULTS: A total of 9169 participants indicated their interest in the new program and 5168 actually logged in to the program. Participants significantly more likely to initiate one of the CT modules were male, older, and employed, and had a lower income, higher body mass index, and relatively unhealthy lifestyle. Participants significantly more likely to complete one of the CT modules were older and had a higher income and a relatively healthier lifestyle. Finally, using a proactive strategy influenced sustained use, with people from the prompting condition being more likely to revisit the program (odds ratio 28.92, 95% confidence interval 10.65-78.52; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Older, male, and employed participants, and those with a lower income, higher body mass index, and a relatively unhealthy lifestyle were more likely to initiate a CT module. Module completers predominantly had a higher income and age. The current program therefore succeeded in reaching those people who benefit most from online lifestyle interventions. However, these people tended to disengage from the program. This underlines the importance of additional research into program adjustments and strategies that can be used to stimulate prolonged program use. Furthermore, sending periodic email prompts significantly increased revisits to the program. Though promising, this effect was modest and needs to be further examined, in order to maximize the potential of periodic email prompting. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Nederlands Trial Register (NTR: 1786) and Medical Ethics Committee of Maastricht University and the University Hospital Maastricht (NL2723506809/MEC0903016); http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=1786 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/65hBXA6V7).			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/255/CN-00832255/frame.html										
R. Schneider, S. Julius and R. Karunas	1989	Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and laboratory reactivity in type A behavior and components		Psychosomatic medicine			51		3	290-305						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and laboratory reactivity in type A behavior and components								Pubmed 2734422						CN-00060562				Type A coronary-prone behavior has been characterized previously by cardiovascular hyperreactivity to laboratory stressors. The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine whether cardiovascular patterns under more naturalistic circumstances in the field were altered in Type A subjects, and 2) to determine whether these field patterns paralleled cardiovascular patterns to a series of stressors in the laboratory. Thirty-three healthy Type A and B men underwent 24-hr ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate monitoring during a normal day of activities. These subjects were also tested in the laboratory for blood pressure and heart rate responses to a series of stressor tasks: 1) cognitive (mental arithmetic), 2) perceptual motor (reaction time), and 3) physical (handgrip). Type A behavior and stylistic components were rated by structured interview. All studies were conducted double blindly. Type A subjects demonstrated greater cardiovascular reactivity to the laboratory cognitive stressor, but there was a mixture of differences between As and Bs in variability of ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate during different periods of the day. Yet, there were no differences in average blood pressure levels. The components of verbal competition and loudness of voice were positively associated with elevated average blood pressure and variability in the field, respectively, but not with laboratory hyperreactivity. Thus, this study confirmed laboratory-induced cardiovascular hyperreactivity in Type A behavior but, within its limitations, did not find a similarity between laboratory and field cardiovascular response patterns in these behavioral groups. The ambulatory blood pressure monitoring findings in the component groups may have prognostic significance and deserve further study.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/562/CN-00060562/frame.html										
D. Schoene, S. Lord, K. Delbaere, C. Severino, T. Davies and S. Smith	2013	A randomized controlled pilot study of home-based step training in older people using videogame technology		PloS one			8		3	e57734						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		A randomized controlled pilot study of home-based step training in older people using videogame technology								Pubmed 23472104						CN-00863361				BACKGROUND: Stepping impairments are associated with physical and cognitive decline in older adults and increased fall risk. Exercise interventions can reduce fall risk, but adherence is often low. A new exergame involving step training may provide an enjoyable exercise alternative for preventing falls in older people. PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility and safety of unsupervised, home-based step pad training and determine the effectiveness of this intervention on stepping performance and associated fall risk in older people. DESIGN: Single-blinded two-arm randomized controlled trial comparing step pad training with control (no-intervention). SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-seven older adults residing in independent-living units of a retirement village in Sydney, Australia. INTERVENTION: Intervention group (IG) participants were provided with a computerized step pad system connected to their TVs and played a step game as often as they liked (with a recommended dose of 2-3 sessions per week for 15-20 minutes each) for eight weeks. In addition, IG participants were asked to complete a choice stepping reaction time (CSRT) task once each week. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: CSRT, the Physiological Profile Assessment (PPA), neuropsychological and functional mobility measures were assessed at baseline and eight week follow-up. RESULTS: Thirty-two participants completed the study (86.5%). IG participants played a median 2.75 sessions/week and no adverse events were reported. Compared to the control group, the IG significantly improved their CSRT (F31,1?=?18.203, p<.001), PPA composite scores (F31,1?=?12.706, p?=?0.001), as well as the postural sway (F31,1?=?4.226, p?=?0.049) and contrast sensitivity (F31,1?=?4.415, p?=?0.044) PPA sub-component scores. In addition, the IG improved significantly in their dual-task ability as assessed by a timed up and go test/verbal fluency task (F31,1?=?4.226, p?=?0.049). CONCLUSIONS: Step pad training can be safely undertaken at home to improve physical and cognitive parameters of fall risk in older people without major cognitive and physical impairments. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12611001081909.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/361/CN-00863361/frame.html										
L. Schofield, W. Mummery and G. Schofield	2005	Effects of a controlled pedometer-intervention trial for low-active adolescent girls		Medicine and science in sports and exercise			37		8	1414-20						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of a controlled pedometer-intervention trial for low-active adolescent girls								Pubmed 16118591						CN-00529657				PURPOSE: This intervention compares the effectiveness of daily step count targets with time-based prescription for increasing the health-related physical activity of low-active adolescent girls. METHODS: We assigned participants (N = 85, mean age 15.8 +/- 0.8 yr) depending on school attended to a control (CON), pedometer (PED), or minutes (MIN) group. The intervention groups were involved in a 12-wk physical activity self-monitoring and educative program. The only difference between the intervention groups was that the PED group set daily step count targets whereas the MIN group set daily time-based goals for physical activity involvement. Pre-, mid-, and postintervention changes in physical activity (4-d blinded step count and 3-d physical activity recall) and body mass index (BMI) were assessed using a series of 3 (group assignment) x 3 (time) ANOVA. Where significant interactions were found, separate follow-up simple main effects tests were used. RESULTS: At postintervention, only the PED group had significantly increased their total activity as measured by a 4-d step count, when compared with the control (P = 0.03, ES = 0.13). The group, time, and interaction effects for 4-d step count were significant, indicating that although both the participants in the PED and the MIN groups significantly increased their step count across the 12-wk intervention (P = 0.00-0.01), the participants in the PED group had a greater increase at the midintervention time point (P = 0.04, ES = 0.10). No pre-, mid-, or postintervention changes were reported in any group for BMI (F = 1.18, P = 0.32). CONCLUSION: The use of pedometers and daily step count targets with low-active adolescent girls may result in short-term (6 wk) enhanced physical activity related outcomes when compared with traditional time-based physical activity prescriptions. However, both interventions appear to result in similar improvements in physical activity when duration of the observation is extended to 12 wk.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/657/CN-00529657/frame.html										
J. Scholz, P. Bischoff, W. Szafarczyk, S. Heetel and A. Schulte	1996	Sevoflurane for outpatient anaesthesia: Comparison with isoflurane		Anaesthesist.			45		Suppl. 1	S63-s70								Sevoflurane for outpatient anaesthesia: Comparison with isoflurane														CN-00173263				A multicenter, randomized, comparative phase III study evaluating the effect of sevoflurane versus isoflurane in adult outpatients was performed. The aim of the study was to compare (1) maintenance of anaesthesia and (2) how rapidly and easily the patients emerge from the anaesthetic and recover. Methods. Outpatients were included who underwent scheduled surgical procedures of an anticipated duration of up to 3 h and an anticipated length of hospitalization of less than 24 h post-anaesthesia. Five hundred patients were randomly selected to receive either sevoflurane (n = 247) or isoflurane (n = 253), each administered with oxygen (30-50%) in nitrous oxide. Efficacy was evaluated through the measurement of times of recovery parameters and tests like the objective pain-discomfort scale, the visual analogue scale, and the digit symbol substitution test. Safety was evaluated by monitoring adverse experience, clinical laboratory and non- laboratory testing and physical assessments. Results. No statistical differences were observed between the two treatment groups with respect to demographics and ASA class. All study drug concentrations during each anaesthetic phase were statistically lower in the sevoflurane (average concentration 0.61 MAC) compared to the isoflurane (average concentration 0.70 MAC) group. The mean time to emergence was statistically shorter in the sevoflurane group (8.2 min) than in the isoflurane group (9.3 min). The mean time to response to commands (8.5 min vs 9.8 min) and the mean time to orientation (10.6 min vs 13.0 min) were also statistically shorter in the sevoflurane than in the isoflurane group. The EEG results showed a faster decrease in delta activity and a faster increase in alpha activity in the sevoflurane group than in the isoflurane group, indicating faster awakening. No statistical differences were observed between the two treatment groups for the mean time to any of the remaining post-anaesthesia events. Bradycardia was observed in a statistically higher percentage of patients in the sevoflurane group (6%) than in the isoflurane group (2%). No other statistical differences were observed between the two treatment groups concerning the incidence of study drug-related adverse experience. The most common adverse experiences were nausea and vomiting. At all postanaesthesia time points, higher serum inorganic fluoride concentrations were observed in the sevoflurane (maximum 30.2 mumol /l) than in the isoflurane group. No clinical or laboratory renal insufficiency was noted. Eighty-seven percent of patients in the sevoflurane group would request the same anaesthetic technique compared to only 79% of patients in the isoflurane group. Conclusions. Sevoflurane was as safe as isoflurane for anaesthesia in adult outpatients. Patients who received sevoflurane had statistically significantly shorter recovery parameters than isoflurane patients. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B. V., Amsterdam. All Rights Reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/263/CN-00173263/frame.html										
J. Scholz, P. Bischoff, W. Szafarczyk, S. Heetel and J. Schulte	1996	[Comparison of sevoflurane and isoflurane in ambulatory surgery. Results of a multicenter study]		Der Anaesthesist			45 Suppl 1			S63-70						Clinical Trial; Clinical Trial, Phase III; English Abstract; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		[Comparison of sevoflurane and isoflurane in ambulatory surgery. Results of a multicenter study]								Pubmed 8775106						CN-00129160				UNLABELLED: A multicenter, randomized, comparative phase III study evaluating the effect of sevoflurane versus isoflurane in adult outpatients was performed. The aim of the study was to compare (1) maintenance of anaesthesia and (2) how rapidly and easily the patients emerge from the anaesthetic and recover.METHODS: Outpatients were included who underwent scheduled surgical procedures of an anticipated duration of up to 3 h and an anticipated length of hospitalization of less than 24 h post-anaesthesia. Five hundred patients were randomly selected to receive either sevoflurane (n = 247) or isoflurane (n = 253), each administered with oxygen (30-50%) in nitrous oxide. Efficacy was evaluated through the measurement of times of recovery parameters and tests like the objective pain-discomfort scale, the visual analogue scale, and the digit symbol substitution test. Safety was evaluated by monitoring adverse experience, clinical laboratory and non-laboratory testing and physical assessments.RESULTS: No statistical differences were observed between the two treatment groups with respect to demographics and ASA class. All study drug concentrations during each anaesthetic phase were statistically lower in the sevoflurane (average concentration 0.61 MAC) compared to the isoflurane (average concentration 0.70 MAC) group. The mean time to emergence was statistically shorter in the sevoflurane group (8.2 min) than in the isoflurane group (9.3 min). The mean time to response to commands (8.5 min vs 9.8 min) and the mean time to orientation (10.6 min vs 13.0 min) were also statistically shorter in the sevoflurane than in the isoflurane group. The EEG results showed a faster decrease in delta activity and a faster increase in alpha activity in the sevoflurane group than in the isoflurane group, indicating faster awakening. No statistical differences were observed between the two treatment groups for the mean time to any of the remaining post-anaesthesia events. Bradycardia was observed in a statistcally higher percentage of patients in the sevoflurane group (6%) than in the isoflurane group (2%). No other statistical differences were observed between the two treatment groups concerning the incidence of study drug-related adverse experience. The most common adverse experiences were nausea and vomiting. At all post-anaesthesia time points, higher serum inorganic fluoride concentrations were observed in the sevoflurane (maximum 30.2 mumol/l) than in the isoflurane group. No clinical or laboratory renal insufficiency was noted. Eighty-seven percent of patients in the sevoflurane group would request the same anaesthetic technique compared to only 79% of patients in the isoflurane group.CONCLUSIONS: Sevoflurane was as safe as isoflurane for anaesthesia in adult outpatients. Patients who received sevoflurane had statistically significantly shorter recovery parameters than isoflurane patients.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/160/CN-00129160/frame.html										
T. Schwinn, S. Schinke, L. Fang and S. Kandasamy	2014	A web-based, health promotion program for adolescent girls and their mothers who reside in public housing		Addictive Behaviors			39		4	757-760								A web-based, health promotion program for adolescent girls and their mothers who reside in public housing														CN-00979669				This study tested a brief web-based, family-involvement health promotion program aimed at drug use, physical activity, and nutrition for adolescent girls, aged 10 to 12. years, who reside in public housing. Separately, girls (n= 67) and their mothers (n= 67) completed baseline measures online. Following baseline, 36 randomly assigned mother-daughter dyads jointly completed a 3-session, health promotion program online. Subsequently, all girls and mothers separately completed posttest and 5-month follow-up measures. Attrition at posttest and 5-month follow-up measures was 3% and 9%, respectively. At posttest, intervention-arm girls, relative to control-arm girls, reported greater mother-daughter communication and parental monitoring. Intervention-arm mothers reported greater mother-daughter communication and closeness as well as increased vegetable intake and physical activity. At 5-month follow-up, intervention-arm girls and mothers, relative to those in the control arm, reported greater levels of parental monitoring. Intervention-arm girls also reported greater mother-daughter communication and closeness, reduced stress, greater refusal skills, and increased fruit intake. Findings indicate the potential of a brief, web-based program to improve the health of low-income girls and their mothers. 2013 Elsevier Ltd.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/669/CN-00979669/frame.html										
K. Scordo	1991	Effects of aerobic exercise training on symptomatic women with mitral valve prolapse		American journal of cardiology			67		9	863-8						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of aerobic exercise training on symptomatic women with mitral valve prolapse								Pubmed 2011986						CN-00074381				The effects of a 12-week aerobic exercise training protocol on 32 symptomatic women with mitral valve prolapse were studied. Subjects were randomly assigned to control or exercise groups. Exercise subjects completed a 12-week (3 times per week) exercise training program based on guidelines established by the American Heart Association for phase II cardiac rehabilitation programs; control group subjects maintained normal activities. Before and after training, subjects underwent maximal multistage treadmill testing, and measurements were obtained for plasma catecholamine levels at rest and during peak exercise; they completed the State Trait Anxiety Inventory and General Well-Being Schedule. Weekly symptom frequency of chest pain, arm pain, palpitations, shortness of breath, fatigue, headache, mood swings, dizziness and syncope were monitored for the 12-week period. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance, multivariate analysis of covariance, and analysis of covariance with repeated measures. Compared with control subjects, the exercise group showed a significant (p less than 0.05) decrease in State Trait Anxiety Inventory scores, an increase in General Well-Being scores, an increase in functional capacity and a decline in the frequency of chest pain, fatigue, dizziness and mood swings. No statistically significant differences were noted in catecholamine levels at rest or during peak exercise. These findings support the use of aerobic exercise in the management of symptomatic women with mitral valve prolapse.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/381/CN-00074381/frame.html										
J. Sear, T. Hoare, A. Scanlan, G. Abt and B. Dascombe	2010	The effects of whole-body compression garments on prolonged high-intensity intermittent exercise		Journal of strength and conditioning research			24		7	1901-10						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The effects of whole-body compression garments on prolonged high-intensity intermittent exercise								Pubmed 20555284						CN-00760934				The current study investigated the effects of wearing whole-body compression garments (WBCGs) on prolonged high-intensity intermittent exercise (PHIIE) performance. Eight male team-sport athletes ([X +/- SD] 20.6 +/- 1.2 years; 72.9 +/- 5.9 kg; 57.5 +/- 3.7 ml.kg.min) completed a prescribed 45-minute PHIIE protocol on a nonmotorized treadmill in randomly assigned WBCG and control (typical soccer apparel) conditions. Subjects were given verbal and visual cues for movement categories, and they followed set target speeds, except when instructed of a variable run or sprint where the aim was to run as fast as possible. Total distance, velocity-specific distance, and high-intensity self-paced running speeds were taken as performance indicators. Heart rate, VO(2), tissue oxygenation index (TOI), and tissue hemoglobin index (nTHi) were continuously monitored across the protocol. Blood-lactate concentration ([BLa(-)]) was measured every 15 minutes. Magnitude-based inferences suggested that wearing WBCGs provided moderate strength likely improvements in total distance covered (5.42 +/- 0.63 vs. 5.88 +/- 0.64 km; 88:10:2%; and eta = 0.6) and low-intensity activity distance (4.21 +/- 0.51 vs. 4.56 +/- 0.57 km; 83:14:3%; and eta = 0.6) compared with the control. A similar likely increase was also observed in the average TOI of the WBCG condition (53.5 +/- 8.3% vs. 55.8 +/- 7.2%; 87:11:2%; and eta = 0.6). The current data demonstrated that wearing WBCGs likely increased physical performance, possibly because of improvements in muscle oxygenation and associated metabolic benefits. Therefore, wearing WBCGs during PHIIE may benefit the physical performance of team-sport athletes by likely metabolic changes within the muscle between high-intensity efforts.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/934/CN-00760934/frame.html										
O. E. Segura and M. Donaghy	2004	A cognitive-behavioural intervention to increase adherence of adult women exercisers		Advances in physiotherapy			6		2	84-92						Journal: Article		A cognitive-behavioural intervention to increase adherence of adult women exercisers														CN-00516372				The aim of this research was to assess the impact of a cognitive-behavioural intervention on the short-term adherence to exercise of previous sedentary women living in a rural area in Spain. A sample of 30 sedentary women, 49-69 years old, with normal bone mineral density (BMD) or osteopenia were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The control group received four monitored sessions of exercise once a week, while the experimental group attended four additional sessions where strategies to improve adherence to exercise were implemented. The short-term adherence of participants was self-reported in two periods. The first period of 4 weeks consisted of independent walking sessions twice per week, and the second period included attendance at unsupervised group sessions twice per week during the following 5 weeks. Data from 27 subjects attending at least three out of four monitored sessions were analysed. The short-term adherence of the experimental group to the independent walking sessions was significantly higher than the adherence of the control group; however, no significant between group difference was found in adherence to the unsupervised group sessions. In conclusion, the intervention based on the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) improved adherence to walking exercise sessions only during the intervention implementation period. 2004 Taylor & Francis.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/372/CN-00516372/frame.html										
T. Sell, J. Abt, K. Crawford, M. Lovalekar, T. Nagai, J. Deluzio, B. Smalley, M. McGrail, R. Rowe, S. Cardin and S. Lephart	2010	Warrior Model for Human Performance and Injury Prevention: Eagle Tactical Athlete Program (ETAP) Part II		Journal of special operations medicine			10		4	22-33						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Warrior Model for Human Performance and Injury Prevention: Eagle Tactical Athlete Program (ETAP) Part II								Pubmed 21442588						CN-00788708				INTRODUCTION: Physical training for United States military personnel requires a combination of injury prevention and performance optimization to counter unintentional musculoskeletal injuries and maximize warrior capabilities. Determining the most effective activities and tasks to meet these goals requires a systematic, research-based approach that is population specific based on the tasks and demands of the Warrior. OBJECTIVE: The authors have modified the traditional approach to injury prevention to implement a comprehensive injury prevention and performance optimization research program with the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) at Fort Campbell, KY. This is second of two companion papers and presents the last three steps of the research model and includes Design and Validation of the Interventions, Program Integration and Implementation, and Monitor and Determine the Effectiveness of the Program. METHODS: An 8-week trial was performed to validate the Eagle Tactical Athlete Program (ETAP) to improve modifiable suboptimal characteristics identified in Part I. The experimental group participated in ETAP under the direction of a ETAP Strength and Conditioning Specialist while the control group performed the current physical training at Fort Campbell under the direction of a Physical Training Leader and as governed by FM 21-20 for the 8-week study period. RESULTS: Soldiers performing ETAP demonstrated improvements in several tests for strength, flexibility, performance, physiology, and the APFT compared to current physical training performed at Fort Campbell. CONCLUSIONS: ETAP was proven valid to improve certain suboptimal characteristics within the 8-week trial as compared to the current training performed at Fort Campbell. ETAP has long-term implications and with expected greater improvements when implemented into a Division pre-deployment cycle of 10-12 months which will result in further systemic adaptations for each variable.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/708/CN-00788708/frame.html										
C. E. Sellers, P. M. Grant, C. G. Ryan, C. O'Kane, K. Raw and D. Conn	2012	Take a walk in the park? A cross-over pilot trial comparing brisk walking in two different environments: park and urban		Preventive Medicine			55		5	438-43					Nov	Clinical Trial
Comparative Study
Randomized Controlled Trial		Take a walk in the park? A cross-over pilot trial comparing brisk walking in two different environments: park and urban	Prev Med	1096-0260												22982948				OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study is to investigate whether differences exist between a 30 minute brisk walk taken in two different environments in order to determine which environment best facilitates current physical activity guidelines: park or urban.
METHODS: In this randomised cross-over pilot study, participants performed a self-timed 30 minute brisk walk in two different environments, park and urban, in Glasgow, Scotland (October 2009 to January 2010). Cadence, recorded using the activPAL activity monitor, was used to measure intensity. Outcome measures were: mean cadence; moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time accumulated in bouts lasting > 10 min; number of walking breaks; and duration.
RESULTS: A convenience sample of 40 healthy adults was recruited: 16 males, 24 females, mean age 22.9 (5.5) years. The mean cadence for the whole walk was higher in the park: 119.3 (8.3) vs. 110.9 (8.9) steps/min. Participants accumulated more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in > 10 minute bouts during park walks: 25.5 (9.6) [median (interquartile range)] vs. 14.0 (20.3) min. There was no difference in self-timed duration between locations.
CONCLUSION: Participants accumulated more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in bouts > 10 min in duration on park walks due to the lack of interruptions in walking. Hence the park environment better facilitated the achievement of current physical activity guidelines. Further research involving a larger, more heterogeneous sample is recommended. Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Sellers, C E
Grant, P M
Ryan, C G
O'Kane, C
Raw, K
Conn, D
S0091-7435(12)00429-X		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22982948http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22982948&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.ypmed.2012.09.005&issn=0091-7435&volume=55&issue=5&spage=438&pages=438-43&date=2012&title=Preventive+Medicine&atitle=Take+a+walk+in+the+park%3F+A+cross-over+pilot+trial+comparing+brisk+walking+in+two+different+environments%3A+park+and+urban.&aulast=Sellers&pid=%3Cauthor%3ESellers+CE%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22982948%3C%2FAN%3E		School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK. ceri.sellers@gcu.ac.uk						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. Sellers, P. Grant, C. Ryan, C. O'Kane, K. Raw and D. Conn	2012	Take a walk in the park? A cross-over pilot trial comparing brisk walking in two different environments: park and urban		Preventive medicine			55		5	438-43						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Take a walk in the park? A cross-over pilot trial comparing brisk walking in two different environments: park and urban								Pubmed 22982948						CN-00967684				OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study is to investigate whether differences exist between a 30 minute brisk walk taken in two different environments in order to determine which environment best facilitates current physical activity guidelines: park or urban. METHODS: In this randomised cross-over pilot study, participants performed a self-timed 30 minute brisk walk in two different environments, park and urban, in Glasgow, Scotland (October 2009 to January 2010). Cadence, recorded using the activPAL? activity monitor, was used to measure intensity. Outcome measures were: mean cadence; moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time accumulated in bouts lasting ? 10 min; number of walking breaks; and duration. RESULTS: A convenience sample of 40 healthy adults was recruited: 16 males, 24 females, mean age 22.9 (5.5) years. The mean cadence for the whole walk was higher in the park: 119.3 (8.3) vs. 110.9 (8.9) steps/min. Participants accumulated more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in ? 10 minute bouts during park walks: 25.5 (9.6) [median (interquartile range)] vs. 14.0 (20.3) min. There was no difference in self-timed duration between locations. CONCLUSION: Participants accumulated more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in bouts ? 10 min in duration on park walks due to the lack of interruptions in walking. Hence the park environment better facilitated the achievement of current physical activity guidelines. Further research involving a larger, more heterogeneous sample is recommended.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/684/CN-00967684/frame.html										
H. Sengelov and K. Winther	1989	Effect of felodipine, a new calcium channel antagonist, on platelet function and fibrinolytic activity at rest and after exercise		European journal of clinical pharmacology			37		5	453-7								Effect of felodipine, a new calcium channel antagonist, on platelet function and fibrinolytic activity at rest and after exercise														CN-00185497				Fourteen healthy male volunteers (age 21-29 years, mean 23.7 years) were given placebo for 14 days followed immediately by felodipine 5 mg b.d. for a further 14 days. After each period of treatment blood for analysis was taken at rest and after exercise on a cycle ergometer. Platelet aggregation, plasma beta-thromboglobulin (B-TG), platelet factor 4 (PF-4), adrenaline and noradrenaline, and serum thromboxane B2 (TXB2), 6-keto-prostaglandin (F(1alpha) 6-keto-PGF(1alpha)), and euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT), were measured on each occasion. The ECG, heart rate and blood pressure were monitored during the exercise tests. After felodipine therapy there was a significant decrease in the plasma level of PF-4 and B-TG at rest. This effect was maintained during exercise. There was no significant change in platelet aggregation, ECLT, TXB2 or 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) at rest or during exercise. Irrespective of therapy, the plasma levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline were increased and the ECLT was decreased when measured immediately after exercise. Thus, felodipine in modest therapeutic dosage decreases the plasma levels of B-TG and PF-4, indicating an inhibitory effect on platelet on release. The effect also occurred during exercise. Felodipine did not change fibrinolytic activity or the production of TXB2 or 6-keto-PGF(1alpha). Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B. V., Amsterdam. All Rights Reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/497/CN-00185497/frame.html										
J. Serrador, H. Finlayson and R. Hughson	1999	Physical activity is a major contributor to the ultra low frequency components of heart rate variability		Heart (British Cardiac Society)			82		6	e9						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Physical activity is a major contributor to the ultra low frequency components of heart rate variability								Pubmed 10573505						CN-00264576				OBJECTIVE: To investigate the link between changes in level of physical activity and the pattern of heart rate variability during long term ambulatory monitoring. DESIGN: Heart rate variability was measured simultaneously with a quantitative indicator of muscle activity by electromyography (EMG) in five men and five women while they did activities typical of daily life or while they rested for 2-3 hours. Spectral and cross spectral analyses were performed on both variables with standard fast Fourier transform. RESULTS: There was a marked reduction in spectral power in the ultra low frequency band (< 0.003 Hz) on going from active to rest conditions for both heart rate variability (men 6187 (1801) v 410 (89) ms(2)/Hz; women 4056 (1161) v 2094 (801), mean (SEM); p < 0.01) and EMG (p < 0.001). Cross spectral analysis showed a strong positive gain between the EMG and heart rate variability signal that was virtually eliminated in the resting condition (p < 0.01). A sex-by-condition effect (p = 0.06) was noted with a reduction in total spectral power for heart rate variability during rest in men, while it increased slightly in women. CONCLUSIONS: There is a quantitative link between muscle activation and heart rate variability in the lowest frequency band. Voluntary restriction of physical activity in healthy young subjects caused marked reduction in spectral power in the lowest frequency band which is often used to assess patient prognosis. The findings strongly suggest that studies of ambulatory heart rate variability should always include an indication of physical activity patterns.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/576/CN-00264576/frame.html										
L. Sewell, S. J. Singh, J. E. Williams, R. Collier and M. D. Morgan	2005	Can individualized rehabilitation improve functional independence in elderly patients with COPD?		Chest			128		3	1194-200					Sep	Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Can individualized rehabilitation improve functional independence in elderly patients with COPD?	Chest	0012-3692												16162706				STUDY OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to establish whether pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) improves domestic function and daily activity levels in COPD and whether individually targeted exercise is more effective than general exercise.
DESIGN: Prospective randomized, controlled trial.
SETTING: Outpatient PR program in secondary care.
PARTICIPANTS: One-hundred eighty patients (mean [+/-SD] age, 68.3 +/- 8.6 years; FEV1, 0.95 +/- 0.4 L; FEV1/FVC ratio, 0.51 +/- 0.15; 111 male patients; 69 female patients) with stable COPD. One hundred twenty-one patients completed the study.
INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomized to a conventional 7-week general exercise program ([GEP] n = 90) or an individually targeted exercise program ([ITEP] n = 90).
MEASUREMENT AND RESULTS: Daily activity was measured using ambulatory activity monitors (Z80 -32k V1 Int; Gaehwiler Electronics; Hombrechtikon, Switzerland). These were lightweight devices, which contained a uniaxial accelerometer. Domestic function was assessed by the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). Exercise performance was assessed by the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) and the endurance shuttle walk test and health status by the chronic respiratory questionnaire-self-reported. Activity monitor counts increased by 29.18% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.19 to 55.17; p = 0.03) for the GEP and 40.63% (95% CI, 7.42 to 73.83; p = 0.02) for the ITEP. Mean COPM performance scores increased by 1.71 (95% CI, 1.37 to 2.05; p = 0.0001) for the GEP and 1.46 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.87; p = 0.0001) for the ITEP. Mean COPM satisfaction scores increased by 2.27 (95% CI, 1.74 to 2.81; p = 0.0001) for the GEP and 2.04 (95% CI, 1.56 to 2.52; p = 0.0001) for the ITEP. ISWT scores increased by 81.72 m (range, 63.83 to 99.62) for the GEP and by 85.52 m (range, 67.62 to 103.42) for the ITEP. No statistically significant difference was found between the general exercise group and the individually targeted exercise group for any outcome measure.
CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary rehabilitation improves domestic function and physical activity. This study also demonstrates that general exercise training is as effective as individually targeted training.	Sewell, Louise
Singh, Sally J
Williams, Johanna E A
Collier, Rachael
Morgan, Michael D L		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16162706http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:16162706&id=doi:&issn=0012-3692&volume=128&issue=3&spage=1194&pages=1194-200&date=2005&title=Chest&atitle=Can+individualized+rehabilitation+improve+functional+independence+in+elderly+patients+with+COPD%3F.&aulast=Sewell&pid=%3Cauthor%3ESewell+L%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E16162706%3C%2FAN%3E		Institute for Lung Health, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Thoracic Surgery, Occupational Therapist Pulmonary Rehabilitation Research Group, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom. louise.sewell@uhl-tr.nhs.uk						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

L. Sewell, S. Singh, J. Williams, R. Collier and M. Morgan	2005	Can individualized rehabilitation improve functional independence in elderly patients with COPD?		Chest			128		3	1194-200						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Can individualized rehabilitation improve functional independence in elderly patients with COPD?								Pubmed 16162706						CN-00530206				STUDY OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to establish whether pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) improves domestic function and daily activity levels in COPD and whether individually targeted exercise is more effective than general exercise. DESIGN: Prospective randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: Outpatient PR program in secondary care. PARTICIPANTS: One-hundred eighty patients (mean [+/-SD] age, 68.3 +/- 8.6 years; FEV1, 0.95 +/- 0.4 L; FEV1/FVC ratio, 0.51 +/- 0.15; 111 male patients; 69 female patients) with stable COPD. One hundred twenty-one patients completed the study. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomized to a conventional 7-week general exercise program ([GEP] n = 90) or an individually targeted exercise program ([ITEP] n = 90). MEASUREMENT AND RESULTS: Daily activity was measured using ambulatory activity monitors (Z80 -32k V1 Int; Gaehwiler Electronics; Hombrechtikon, Switzerland). These were lightweight devices, which contained a uniaxial accelerometer. Domestic function was assessed by the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). Exercise performance was assessed by the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) and the endurance shuttle walk test and health status by the chronic respiratory questionnaire-self-reported. Activity monitor counts increased by 29.18% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.19 to 55.17; p = 0.03) for the GEP and 40.63% (95% CI, 7.42 to 73.83; p = 0.02) for the ITEP. Mean COPM performance scores increased by 1.71 (95% CI, 1.37 to 2.05; p = 0.0001) for the GEP and 1.46 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.87; p = 0.0001) for the ITEP. Mean COPM satisfaction scores increased by 2.27 (95% CI, 1.74 to 2.81; p = 0.0001) for the GEP and 2.04 (95% CI, 1.56 to 2.52; p = 0.0001) for the ITEP. ISWT scores increased by 81.72 m (range, 63.83 to 99.62) for the GEP and by 85.52 m (range, 67.62 to 103.42) for the ITEP. No statistically significant difference was found between the general exercise group and the individually targeted exercise group for any outcome measure. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary rehabilitation improves domestic function and physical activity. This study also demonstrates that general exercise training is as effective as individually targeted training.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/206/CN-00530206/frame.html										
A. Shandling, R. Crump, M. Nolasco, L. Lorenz and C. Li	1992	The effect of chronic atrial overdrive suppression pacing on the incidence of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias		Clinical cardiology			15		12	917-22						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The effect of chronic atrial overdrive suppression pacing on the incidence of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias								Pubmed 1473308						CN-00089706				Chronic overdrive suppression pacing has been suggested as an effective adjunctive method for reducing the incidence of cardiac tachyarrhythmias. Documentation of effectiveness during prolonged monitoring is lacking, however. To assess more accurately the long-term utility of this treatment modality for medically refractory supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (SVTs), 10 patients with atrially implanted Intermedics Intertach pacemakers were randomly assigned to either a low or a high bradycardia (back-up) pacing rate. SVT counts were performed during matching follow-up periods both at the initial rate and after rate crossover. The primary antitachycardia modality of this pacemaker (P mod) provides burst pacing to terminate tachycardia episodes, and P mod counters were utilized to quantitate SVT episodes. Tachycardia termination algorithms were programmed to "no restart" and were not changed during the study. The P mod use counter, therefore, reflected the number of discrete episodes of SVTs. Pacemaker implantation diagnoses include atrial flutter, concealed bypass tract, AV nodal reentry, intraatrial reentry, and Wolff-Parkinson-White associated tachycardia. Patient age was 59 +/- 18 yrs. The average pacemaker back-up low rate was 45.7 +/- 4 versus a back-up high rate of 85.1 +/- 2 beats/min. Follow-up was for 57.4 days +/- 33 days at the low rate and 57.3 days +/- 34 days at the high rate (r = 0.99). There was no difference in SVT incidence with a P mod usage of 98.4 +/- 106 at the low rate and 100.8 +/- 94 at the high rate (p = NS). In this blinded, randomized cross-over trial, chronic atrial overdrive suppression pacing did not reduce the overall incidence of SVT episodes during prolonged monitoring.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/706/CN-00089706/frame.html										
D. Shapiro and I. B. Goldstein	1998	Wrist actigraph measures of physical activity level and ambulatory blood pressure in healthy elderly persons		Psychophysiology			35		3	305-12					May	Clinical Trial
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Wrist actigraph measures of physical activity level and ambulatory blood pressure in healthy elderly persons	Psychophysiology	0048-5772												9564750				A sensitive electronic monitor (Mini-Motionlogger, Ambulatory Monitoring Inc.) attached to the wrist was used to record movements during two 24-hr days of ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) recording in 65 women and 54 men between the ages of 55 and 79 years, all of whom were in good health. The objective was to examine the relationship between various measures of physical activity and ambulatory BP and HR during waking and sleeping periods and during various diary-defined behaviors. For waking and sleeping periods, neither the mean nor the variability of the activity measure was associated with the mean or variability of the ambulatory BP and HR measures in between-subjects correlational analyses. Within-subject analyses showed little evidence of significant covariation between activity and BP or HR during either waking or sleeping conditions with most participants showing a slightly positive association. The activity measure discriminated between behaviors associated with little effort (watching television) versus more energetic behaviors (walking). Activity accounted for a relatively small amount of the difference in BP or HR related to overall state (wake, sleep), posture (stand, sit), and social condition (being with family vs. being with friends). The utility of electronic activity monitoring for studies of BP and HR in natural settings is discussed.	Shapiro, D
Goldstein, I B
AG11595 (United States NIA NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9564750http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:9564750&id=doi:&issn=0048-5772&volume=35&issue=3&spage=305&pages=305-12&date=1998&title=Psychophysiology&atitle=Wrist+actigraph+measures+of+physical+activity+level+and+ambulatory+blood+pressure+in+healthy+elderly+persons.&aulast=Shapiro&pid=%3Cauthor%3EShapiro+D%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E9564750%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1759, USA. dshapiro@ucla.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

D. Shapiro and I. B. Goldstein	1998	Wrist actigraph measures of physical activity level and ambulatory blood pressure in healthy elderly persons		Psychophysiology			35		3	305-312					May	Empirical Study		Wrist actigraph measures of physical activity level and ambulatory blood pressure in healthy elderly persons		0048-5772
1469-8986												1998-01694-008				A sensitive electronic monitor attached to the wrist was used to record movements during two 24-hr days of ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) recording in 65 women and 54 men (aged 55-79 yrs), all of whom were in good health. The objective was to examine the relationship between various measures of physical activity and ambulatory BP and HR during waking and sleeping periods and during various diary-defined behaviors. For waking and sleeping periods, neither the mean nor the variability of the activity measure was associated with the mean or variability of the ambulatory BP and HR measures in between-Ss correlational analyses. Within-S analyses showed little evidence of significant covariation between activity and BP or HR during either waking or sleeping conditions, with most Ss showing a slightly positive association. The activity measure discriminated between behaviors associated with little effort (watching television) vs more energetic behaviors (walking). Activity accounted for a relatively small amount of the difference in BP or HR related to overall state, posture, and social condition. The utility of electronic activity monitoring for studies of BP and HR in natural settings is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).			http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=psyc3&AN=1998-01694-008http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:PsycINFO+<1987+to+2001>&genre=article&id=pmid:&id=doi:10.1017/S0048577298970883&issn=0048-5772&volume=35&issue=3&spage=305&pages=305-312&date=1998&title=Psychophysiology&atitle=Wrist+actigraph+measures+of+physical+activity+level+and+ambulatory+blood+pressure+in+healthy+elderly+persons.&aulast=Shapiro&pid=<author>Shapiro,+David</author>&<AN>1998-01694-008</AN>		Shapiro, David: U California, Dept of Psychiatry, Los Angeles, CA, US								English

J. Shapiro, S. Bauer, R. Hamer, H. Kordy, D. Ward and C. Bulik	2008	Use of text messaging for monitoring sugar-sweetened beverages, physical activity, and screen time in children: a pilot study		Journal of nutrition education and behavior			40		6	385-91								Use of text messaging for monitoring sugar-sweetened beverages, physical activity, and screen time in children: a pilot study														CN-00738762				OBJECTIVE: To examine acceptability, attrition, adherence, and preliminary efficacy of mobile phone short message service (SMS; text messaging) for monitoring healthful behaviors in children. DESIGN: All randomized children received a brief psychoeducational intervention. They then either monitored target behaviors via SMS with feedback or via paper diaries (PD) or participated in a no-monitoring control (C) for 8 weeks. SETTING: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-eight children (age 5-13) and parents participated; 31 completed (SMS: 13/18, PD: 7/18, C: 11/22). INTERVENTION: Children and parents participated in a total of 3 group education sessions (1 session weekly for 3 weeks) to encourage increasing physical activity and decreasing screen time and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Treatment acceptability, attrition, and adherence to self-monitoring. ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests were used to analyze differences across time and group. RESULTS: Children in SMS had somewhat lower attrition (28%) than both PD (61%) and C (50%), and significantly greater adherence to self-monitoring than PD (43% vs 19%, P < .02). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Short message service may be a useful tool for self-monitoring healthful behaviors in children, although the efficacy of this approach needs further study. Implications suggest that novel technologies may play a role in improving health			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/762/CN-00738762/frame.html										
J. Shapiro, T. Koro, N. Doran, S. Thompson, J. Sallis, K. Calfas and K. Patrick	2012	Text4Diet: A randomized controlled study using text messaging for weight loss behaviors		Preventive Medicine			55		5	412-417								Text4Diet: A randomized controlled study using text messaging for weight loss behaviors														CN-00900220				Objective: Text-messaging shows promise as a health intervention. This randomized controlled trial evaluated a daily text-messaging weight loss intervention. Methods: Overweight and obese adults (n=170) in California were randomized to receive daily interactive and personally weight-relevant text-messages or monthly e-newsletters. Participants were measured at baseline, 6 and 12. months. Group differences were assessed in weight loss. Relation of text-messaging adherence to weight loss and change in pedometer steps was examined. Results: There were no group differences in weight loss over 6 (1.53. lb vs 3.72. lb) or 12. months (2.27. lb vs 3.64. lb; control vs intervention). Text-messaging adherence was moderately strong (60-69%). Participants with greater adherence lost more weight at 6 (p=.039) and 12. months (p=.023) than those who were less adherent. Intervention participants' steps increased almost 3000. steps/day over time (p<.05), and higher step counts were associated with greater weight loss (p<.05). Text-messaging satisfaction was moderate to high, and pedometer-related satisfaction was associated with greater weight loss (p<.05). Conclusions: Although text-messaging had no effect on weight, adherence was associated with improvement in weight-related behaviors and weight outcomes. Text-messages could be a useful adjunct to weight loss treatments. 2012 Elsevier Inc.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/220/CN-00900220/frame.html										
W. Shapiro, J. Park and G. Koch	1982	Variability of spontaneous and exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias in the absence and presence of treatment with acebutolol or quinidine		American journal of cardiology			49		2	445-54						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Variability of spontaneous and exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias in the absence and presence of treatment with acebutolol or quinidine								Pubmed 6174041						CN-00027153				A randomized double-blind crossover trial was undertaken in 20 volunteers to evaluate the effects of acebutolol and sustained release quinidine sulfate. The patients had an average of 10 or more premature ventricular complexes/hour on two 24 hour electrocardiographic recordings, or 10 or more/min during two cycle stress tests, or any number of complex forms of ventricular ectopic activity on either test. The 24 hour recordings yielded greater detection of complex forms than did stress tests and manifested similar relative variability in frequency of ventricular ectopic beats. The extent of variability from hour to hour within the 24 hour monitoring periods tended to have an increasing relation with frequency of ectopic beat activity regardless of the presence or absence of treatment. Within-patient variability among periods with equivalent treatment status also tended to have such an increasing relation with frequency of ectopic beat activity. About 35 percent of the variation was among subjects, 20 percent among months within subjects, 20 percent among days in months and 25 percent among hours in days. Acebutolol, 300 mg three times daily, produced effective beta receptor blockade and was better tolerated than sustained release quinidine sulfate in identical doses and had equal suppressant effects. The results of the variability studies provide guidelines for the design of adequate clinical trials testing suppressant interventions.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/153/CN-00027153/frame.html										
J. Sharman, J. Hare, R. Leano, C. Jenkins and T. Marwick	2012	Spironolactone improves light exercise central systolic loading in subjects with exaggerated exercise brachial blood pressure: A randomised controlled study		Hypertension			55		6	1509								Spironolactone improves light exercise central systolic loading in subjects with exaggerated exercise brachial blood pressure: A randomised controlled study														CN-00784249				Exaggerated exercise blood pressure (EEBP) predicts mortality. The mechanisms of this association are unknown but have been linked to increased central arterial stiffness and raised central blood pressure (BP) during low-stress physical activity. Spironolactone has antifibrotic effects that may reduce large artery stiffness and lower exercise central BP. This study aimed to test these hypotheses. Untreated patients without hypertension or coronary artery disease, but with EEBP (N = 112; aged 55+/-8 years, 58% male), were randomized to 3 months spironolactone (25 mg daily; n=57) or placebo (n=55). An EEBP was defined as brachial BP >190/105 (women) or >210/105 mmHg (men) during maximal exercise. Arterial stiffness was recorded by aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV). Brachial BP was estimated by sphygmomanometer and central BP by radial tonometry at rest, during low-stress physical activity (cycle ergometry at 60-70% maximal heart rate) and after maximal exercise. Patients also underwent 24 hour ambulatory BP monitoring (24ABPM), VO<sub>2</sub>max testing and 2D echocardiography for left ventricular (LV) structure and function. At baseline, aortic PWV was associated with peak exercise systolic BP (SBP) (r=0.24; P=0.01), low-stress central pulse pressure (r=0.23; P=0.03) and VO<sub>2</sub>max (r=-0.29; P=0.003). Compared with placebo, spironolactone significantly reduced 24ABPM SBP (-3.8+/-7.3 versus 1.0+/-8.7 mmHg; P=0.004), maximal exercise brachial SBP (-8.3+/-16.3 versus -0.5+/- 11.0 mmHg; P=0.002) and maximal central SBP (-7.6+/- 11.6 versus -1.3+/-10.5 mmHg; P=0.007) but did not change aortic PWV, VO<sub>2</sub>maxor LV parameters (P>0.05 for all). Moreover, central SBP (-5.4+/-12.1 versus 0.7+/-13.1 mmHg; P=0.03) and the systolic pressure-time integral (-230+/-477 versus -11 +/-419 mmHg/s) were significantly reduced during low-stress exercise (P<0.05 for both), whereas low-stress brachial SBP was unchanged by spironolactone (-3.8+/-16 versus 1.0+/- 13 mmHg; P=0.14). We conclude that maximal exercise BP, as well as subtle indices of central systolic loading during light activity, are improved by spironolactone in patients with EEBP, but these changes cannot be attributed to reduced central artery stiffness. 31st Annual Scientific Meeting of the High Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia, HBPRCA; 2009 Dec 1-3; Sydney, NSW, Australia			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/249/CN-00784249/frame.html										
R. Shaw, E. Fenwick, G. Baker, C. McAdam, C. Fitzsimons and N. Mutrie	2011	'Pedometers cost buttons': the feasibility of implementing a pedometer based walking programme within the community		BMC public health			11			200						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		'Pedometers cost buttons': the feasibility of implementing a pedometer based walking programme within the community								Pubmed 21453509						CN-00788544				BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that walking interventions may be effective (at least in the short term) at increasing physical activity amongst those people who are the most inactive. This is a leading objective of contemporary public health policy in the UK and worldwide. However, before committing money from limited budgets to implement walking interventions more widely in the community, policymakers will want to know whether similar impacts can be expected and whether any changes will be required to the process to ensure uptake and success. This paper utilises the findings from a recent community-based pedometer study (Walking for Wellbeing in the West - WWW) undertaken in Glasgow, Scotland to address issues of feasibility. METHODS: An economic analysis of the WWW study assessed the costs of the interventions (minimal and maximal) and combined these with the effects to present incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (cost/person achieving the target of an additional 15,000 steps/week). A qualitative evaluation, involving focus group discussions with WWW participants and short interviews with members of the WWW research team, explored perceived benefits and barriers associated with walking, as well as the successful aspects and challenges associated with the interventions. RESULTS: The incremental cost effectiveness associated with the interventions was estimated as £92 and £591 per person achieving the target for the minimal and maximal interventions respectively. The qualitative evaluation gave insight into the process by which the results were achieved, and identified several barriers and facilitators that would need to be addressed before implementing the interventions in the wider community, in order to ensure their effective transfer. These included assessing the impact of the relationship between researchers and participants on the results, and the motivational importance of monitoring and assessing performance. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that pedometer based walking interventions may be considered cost-effective and suitable for implementation within the wider community. However, several research gaps remain, including the importance and impact of the researcher/participant relationship, the impact of assessment on motivation and effectiveness, and the longer term impact on physical and mental health, resource utilisation and quality of life.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/544/CN-00788544/frame.html										
M. Sheiko, K. Bjornson, J. Lisle, K. Song, J. F. Eary and E. U. Conrad, 3rd	2012	Physical activity assessment in adolescents with limb salvage		Journal of Pediatrics			161		6	1138-41					Dec	Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Physical activity assessment in adolescents with limb salvage	J Pediatr	1097-6833												22871491				OBJECTIVES: To evaluate ambulatory activity differences between youth with limb salvage procedures and typically developing youth (TDY) and assess differences in self-reported activity levels in the 2 groups, to provide a basis for physical activity assessment in patients who had undergone limb salvage surgery and treatment planning that incorporates regaining normal physical and daily living activities.
STUDY DESIGN: In this cohort comparison study, we compared ambulatory and self-reported activity levels in 20 youth (aged 11.7-20.8 years) who had undergone limb salvage surgery and a sex- and age-matched comparison cohort of 20 TDY. StepWatch activity monitor and Activity Scale for Kids data were used to answer these questions.
RESULTS: Significant differences were found between the youth who had undergone limb salvage surgery and the TDY in total time active each day (43% vs 48%; P = .03), median total strides per day (4487 vs 7671; P = .001), and amount of time per day at high activity levels (20 minutes vs 47 minutes; P = .001). Self-reported overall physical activity, locomotion, and standing Activity Scale for Kids subscale scores were significantly lower in the youth undergoing limb salvage surgery compared with the TDY (summary score, 88.3 vs 97.7; P = .001).
CONCLUSION: Patients undergoing limb salvage surgery exhibit reduced physical activity compared with normal age-matched controls. Copyright 2012 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.	Sheiko, Melissa
Bjornson, Kristie
Lisle, Jennifer
Song, Kit
Eary, Janet F
Conrad, Ernest U 3rd
S0022-3476(12)00619-1
1 UL1 RR025014-01 NCRR (United States NCRR NIH HHS)
T32 DK067009 (United States NIDDK NIH HHS)
UL1 TR000423 (United States NCATS NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medc&AN=22871491http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+Corrections&genre=article&id=pmid:22871491&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.jpeds.2012.05.061&issn=0022-3476&volume=161&issue=6&spage=1138&pages=1138-41&date=2012&title=Journal+of+Pediatrics&atitle=Physical+activity+assessment+in+adolescents+with+limb+salvage.&aulast=Sheiko&pid=%3Cauthor%3ESheiko+M%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22871491%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. Sheiko, K. Bjornson, J. Lisle, K. Song, J. F. Eary and E. U. Conrad	2012	Physical activity assessment in adolescents with limb salvage		The Journal of Pediatrics			161		6	1138-1141					Dec	Empirical Study; Quantitative Study		Physical activity assessment in adolescents with limb salvage		0022-3476												2012-31850-044				Objectives: To evaluate ambulatory activity differences between youth with limb salvage procedures and typically developing youth (TDY) and assess differences in self-reported activity levels in the 2 groups, to provide a basis for physical activity assessment in patients who had undergone limb salvage surgery and treatment planning that incorporates regaining normal physical and daily living activities. Study design: In this cohort comparison study, we compared ambulatory and self-reported activity levels in 20 youth (aged 11.7-20.8 years) who had undergone limb salvage surgery and a sex- and age-matched comparison cohort of 20 TDY. StepWatch activity monitor and Activity Scale for Kids data were used to answer these questions. Results: Significant differences were found between the youth who had undergone limb salvage surgery and the TDY in total time active each day (43% vs 48%; P = .03), median total strides per day (4487 vs 7671; P = .001), and amount of time per day at high activity levels (20 minutes vs 47 minutes; P = .001). Self-reported overall physical activity, locomotion, and standing Activity Scale for Kids subscale scores were significantly lower in the youth undergoing limb salvage surgery compared with the TDY (summary score, 88.3 vs 97.7; P = .001). Conclusion: Patients undergoing limb salvage surgery exhibit reduced physical activity compared with normal age-matched controls. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).			http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=psyc7&AN=2012-31850-044http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:PsycINFO+<2011+to+March+Week+4+2013>&genre=article&id=pmid:&id=doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.05.061&issn=0022-3476&volume=161&issue=6&spage=1138&pages=1138-1141&date=2012&title=The+Journal+of+Pediatrics&atitle=Physical+activity+assessment+in+adolescents+with+limb+salvage.&aulast=Sheiko&pid=<author>Sheiko,+Melissa</author>&<AN>2012-31850-044</AN>		Conrad, Ernest U.: ernest.conrad@seattlechildrens.org
Conrad, Ernest U.: Seattle Children's Hospital, Orthopedics Administration, W-7706, 4800 Sandpoint Way NE, Seattle, WA, US, 98105, ernest.conrad@seattlechildrens.org
Sheiko, Melissa: Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, US Bjornson, Kristie: Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, US Lisle, Jennifer: Department of Orthopedics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, US Song, Kit: Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, US Eary, Janet F.: Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, US Conrad, Ernest U.: Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, US								English

E. F. Shepherd, E. Toloza, C. D. McClung and T. P. Schmalzried	1999	Step activity monitor: increased accuracy in quantifying ambulatory activity		Journal of Orthopaedic Research			17		5	703-8					Sep	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Step activity monitor: increased accuracy in quantifying ambulatory activity	J Orthop Res	0736-0266												10569479				This study compares the accuracy of a two-dimensional accelerometer worn on the ankle (a step activity monitor) with that of an electronic, digital pedometer worn on the belt line. Twenty-nine human subjects were evaluated while they briskly walked 400 M, slowly walked 10 M, and ascended and descended a flight of stairs. The step activity monitor had less error in all activities; its mean absolute error was 0.54%, whereas that of the pedometer was 2.82%. The difference was more pronounced in obese subjects (body mass index greater than 30), with an overall mean absolute error of 0.48% for the step activity monitor and 6.12% for the pedometer (nearly 13 times that of the step activity monitor). For subjects with a body mass index less than 30, the step activity monitor had an overall error of 0.56% and the pedometer had an overall error of 1.56% (less than 3 times that of the step activity monitor). The absolute error of the pedometer was positively correlated with body mass index (r = 0.792, p < 0.0001) and weight (r = 0.753, p < 0.0001), whereas the error of the step activity monitor was not significantly correlated with either. Neither device was significantly biased by age, gender, or the presence of a lower-extremity joint prosthesis. The accuracy and additional capabilities, including a real-time memory record of activity, of the step activity monitor make it well suited for objectively quantifying ambulatory activity, especially for obese subjects.	Shepherd, E F
Toloza, E
McClung, C D
Schmalzried, T P		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10569479http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:10569479&id=doi:&issn=0736-0266&volume=17&issue=5&spage=703&pages=703-8&date=1999&title=Journal+of+Orthopaedic+Research&atitle=Step+activity+monitor%3A+increased+accuracy+in+quantifying+ambulatory+activity.&aulast=Shepherd&pid=%3Cauthor%3EShepherd+EF%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E10569479%3C%2FAN%3E		Joint Replacement Institute, Orthopaedic Hospital, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

N. Sherwood, B. Martinson, A. Crain, M. Hayes, N. Pronk and P. O'Connor	2008	A new approach to physical activity maintenance: rationale, design, and baseline data from the Keep Active Minnesota Trial		BMC geriatrics			8			17						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		A new approach to physical activity maintenance: rationale, design, and baseline data from the Keep Active Minnesota Trial								Pubmed 18655709						CN-00667991				BACKGROUND: Since many individuals who initiate physical activity programs are highly likely to return to a sedentary lifestyle, innovative strategies to efforts to increase the number of physically active older adults who successfully maintain beneficial levels of PA for a substantial length of time are needed. METHODS/DESIGN: The Keep Active Minnesota Trial is a randomized controlled trial of an interactive phone- and mail-based intervention to help 50-70 year old adults who have recently increased their physical activity level, maintain that activity level over a 24-month period in comparison to usual care. Baseline, 6, 12, and 24 month measurement occurred via phone surveys with kilocalories expended per week in total and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (CHAMPS Questionnaire) as the primary outcome measures. Secondary outcomes include hypothesized mediators of physical activity change (e.g., physical activity enjoyment, self-efficacy, physical activity self-concept), body mass index, and depression. Seven day accelerometry data were collected on a sub-sample of participants at baseline and 24-month follow-up. DISCUSSION: The Keep Active Minnesota study offers an innovative approach to the perennial problem of physical activity relapse; by focusing explicitly on physical activity maintenance, the intervention holds considerable promise for modifying the typical relapse curve. Moreover, if shown to be efficacious, the use of phone- and mail-based intervention delivery offers potential for widespread dissemination.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/991/CN-00667991/frame.html										
Y.-L. Shi	2007	Influence of rehabilitation exercise on C reactive protein and blood fat levels of atherosclerotic patients. [Chinese]		Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research			11		43	8703-6						Journal: Article		Influence of rehabilitation exercise on C reactive protein and blood fat levels of atherosclerotic patients. [Chinese]														CN-00642097				Aim: It is reported that inflammation and hyperlipemia are commonly found in the development of atherosclerosis and disruption of easily damaged plaque. The article is designed to study whether rehabilitation exercise can prevent and delay atherosclerosis by improving blood fat and inflammatory reaction during pathological development. Methods: 1 Totally 64 patients with atheroschlerosis were enrolled from Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology from July 2006 to April 2007. With their agreement, the patients were randomly assigned to rehabilitation exercise group (n =34) and blank control group (n =30). No significant difference was found in sex, age and case history (P > 0.05). 2 They kept their habit in diet and general activities. 2 mL ulnar vein blood was collected from fasting patients before and after the operation, respectively to detect levels of C reactive protein, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG). The patients of rehabilitation exercise group mainly referred to ride cycle ergometer or treadmill, so muscle group could receive regularly aerobic metabolism. The exercise was performed 0.5-1.0 hour after dinner for 0.5-1.0 hour once, with the maximal heart rate of 60%-90% or heart rate reservation of 50%-85%. The exercise intensity was monitored by rating of perceived exertion,6 days per week for 6 weeks. 3 The serum C-reactive protein and blood fat levels were determined before the operation and 6 weeks after rehabilitation exercise. Results: One patient of the blank control group was dropped out, because of being out of touch, and two patients of the rehabilitation exercise group drooped out, because of catarrhal rhinitis and fervescence. Others were involved in the result analysis. 1 LDL-C and TG levels were significantly lower, HDL-C level was higher in the rehabilitation exercise group after intervention as compared with that before experiment (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in the blank control group (P > 0.05). 2 C reactive protein in plasma was lower in the rehabilitation exercise group after intervention as compared with that before experiment (P < 0.05), while no significant difference was seen in the blank control group (P > 0.05). 3 The decrease of plasma C reactive protein level was not associated with the decrease of plasma LDL-C level (r =0.014,P > 0.05), but negatively correlated with the increase of plasma HDL-C level (r =-0.23, P < 0.05). Conclusion: The rehabilitation exercise could improve the C reactive protein and blood fat of atherosclerotic and serve as an effective measure to prevent and cure coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/097/CN-00642097/frame.html										
V. Shini, S. Aboobacker, S. Pahuja, K. Revikumar and R. Bhasi	2010	Pharmacoeconomic study of DMARDs in the management of rheumatoid arthritis		International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research			5		3	148-54						Journal: Article		Pharmacoeconomic study of DMARDs in the management of rheumatoid arthritis														CN-00892417				Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), being destructive to the joints, imposes considerable disease burden and is associated with major socioeconomic implications to the affected population. The treatment cost varies depending on the medicines used, like, a comparatively cheaper Disease Modifying Anti Rheumatic Drug (DMARD) or a costlier biological agent. The main objective of the study was cost effectiveness analysis of various DMARDs used in the management of RA. The design of the study was a prospective, longitudinal and observational study for a period of ten months in a tertiary care referral hospital in Kerala, India. All RA patients attended the Rheumatology OPD with 3 months' follow-up and who met the inclusion criteria was included in the study. Cost effectiveness analysis was done by taking HAQ DI score as a measure of effectiveness. Out of the 266 patients, 16.48 % were males and 83.52 % were females. RA Factor is positive for 91.01 % of patients and negative for 8.99 % of patients. Most patients (69.66 %) were on one DMARD, and a few (30.34 %) were on two DMARDs. The mean value of DAS 28 at baseline visit was 3.36 + 1.24 and the mean after 3 months' treatment was 2.89 + 1.09. The mean Disability Indices at baseline and after 90 days were 0.6895 + 0.488 and 0.3934 + 0.317 respectively. The Disability Index was highly significant after 90 days than at the baseline (p < 0.001). The direct medical cost of treatment of RA per month is Rs.696.57 ($ 15.92). The most cost effective combination of DMARDs was found to be MTX + HQ. The present study supports that the treatment with DMARDs and low dose corticosteroids can control patient's disease activity with reasonable cost of treatment and at minimum risk for side effects.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/417/CN-00892417/frame.html										
H. Shiotani, Y. Umegaki, M. Tanaka, M. Kimura and H. Ando	2009	Effects of aerobic exercise on the circadian rhythm of heart rate and blood pressure		Chronobiology international			26		8	1636-46						Randomized Controlled Trial		Effects of aerobic exercise on the circadian rhythm of heart rate and blood pressure								Pubmed 20030546						CN-00742115				Although the effects of aerobic exercise on resting heart rate, heart rate variability, and blood pressure have been investigated, there are scant data on the effects of aerobic exercise on the circadian rhythm of such cardiovascular parameters. In this study, we investigated the effects of aerobic exercise on the 24 h rhythm of heart rate and ambulatory blood pressure in the morning, when cardiovascular events are more common. Thirty-five healthy young subjects were randomized to control and aerobic exercise groups. Subjects in the latter group participated in their respective exercise program for two months, while those in the former group did not exercise. Twenty-four-hour electrocardiogram and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring data were obtained at baseline and at the end of the exercise intervention. The control group showed no changes, while the aerobic exercise group showed a significant decrease in heart rate (73.7 +/- 6.6 bpm to 69.5 +/- 5.1 bpm, p < 0.005) and sympathetic activity such as LF/HF ratio (2.0 +/- 0.7 to 1.8 +/- 0.6, p < 0.05) throughout the 24 h period, particularly in the daytime. The decrease in the heart rate was most prominent in the morning. However, heart rate and LF/HF ratio showed no statistical changes during the night. No significant changes were observed in blood pressure. These findings suggest aerobic exercise exerts beneficial effects on the circadian rhythm of heart rate, especially in the morning.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/115/CN-00742115/frame.html										
R. P. Shook, G. A. Hand, X. Wang, A. E. Paluch, R. Moran, J. R. Hebert, D. L. Swift, C. J. Lavie and S. N. Blair	2014	Low fitness partially explains resting metabolic rate differences between African American and white women		American Journal of Medicine			127		5	436-42					May	Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Low fitness partially explains resting metabolic rate differences between African American and white women	Am J Med	1555-7162												24524993				BACKGROUND: High levels of obesity among African American women have been hypothesized to be partially resultant from a lower resting metabolic rate compared with white women. The aim of the current study was to determine if differences in cardiorespiratory fitness and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity are associated with differences in resting metabolic rate among free-living young adult African American women and white women.
METHODS: Participants were 179 women (white women n = 141, African American women n = 38, mean age = 27.7 years). Resting metabolic rate was measured using indirect calorimetry, body composition using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, cardiorespiratory fitness via maximal treadmill test, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity using an activity monitor.
RESULTS: African American women had higher body mass index, fat mass, and fat-free mass compared with white women but lower levels of cardiorespiratory fitness. No differences were observed between African American and white women in resting metabolic rate when expressed as kcal/day (1390.8 + 197.5 vs 1375.7 + 173.6 kcal/day, P = .64), but African American women had a lower resting metabolic rate when expressed relative to body weight (2.56 + 0.30 vs 2.95 + 0.33 mL/kg/min, P < .001). After statistical adjustment for differences in body composition between groups using linear regression models, African American women had a lower resting metabolic rate compared with white women (1299.4 + 19.2 vs 1400.4 + 9.2 kcal/day, P < .001). The addition of cardiorespiratory fitness reduced the differences among groups by 25%. The addition of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity did not improve the model.
CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirms that African American women have a lower resting metabolic rate compared with their white peers, and low cardiorespiratory fitness explained 25% of this difference. Variables associated with resting metabolic rate, such as cardiorespiratory fitness, represent possible points of tailored interventions designed to address high levels of obesity seen in certain demographic groups. Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Shook, Robin P
Hand, Gregory A
Wang, Xuewen
Paluch, Amanda E
Moran, Robert
Hebert, James R
Swift, Damon L
Lavie, Carl J
Blair, Steven N
S0002-9343(14)00120-X
K05 CA136975 (United States NCI NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=24524993http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+In-Process+%26+Other+Non-Indexed+Citations+%3CJune+06%2C+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:24524993&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.amjmed.2014.02.003&issn=0002-9343&volume=127&issue=5&spage=436&pages=436-42&date=2014&title=American+Journal+of+Medicine&atitle=Low+fitness+partially+explains+resting+metabolic+rate+differences+between+African+American+and+white+women.&aulast=Shook&pid=%3Cauthor%3EShook+RP%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E24524993%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia. Electronic address: shookr@mailbox.sc.edu.
Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia
South Carolina Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia.
Department of Kinesiology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC.
John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
Department of Preventive Medicine, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, La.
Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. E. Short, C. Vandelanotte, M. W. Dixon, R. Rosenkranz, C. Caperchione, C. Hooker, M. Karunanithi, G. S. Kolt, A. Maeder, H. Ding, P. Taylor and M. J. Duncan	2014	Examining participant engagement in an information technology-based physical activity and nutrition intervention for men: the manup randomized controlled trial		JMIR Research Protocols			3		1	e2								Examining participant engagement in an information technology-based physical activity and nutrition intervention for men: the manup randomized controlled trial	JMIR Res Protoc	1929-0748					PMC3913923							24389361				BACKGROUND: Males experience a shorter life expectancy and higher rates of chronic diseases compared to their female counterparts. To improve health outcomes among males, interventions specifically developed for males that target their health behaviors are needed. Information technology (IT)-based interventions may be a promising intervention approach in this population group, however, little is known about how to maximize engagement and retention in Web-based programs.
OBJECTIVE: The current study sought to explore attributes hypothesized to influence user engagement among a subsample of participants from the ManUp study, a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of an interactive Web-based intervention for promoting physical activity and nutrition among middle-aged males.
METHODS: Semistructured interviews were conducted and audiotaped with 20 of the ManUp participants. Interview questions were based on a conceptual model of engagement and centered on why participants took part in the study, what they liked and did not like about the intervention they received, and how they think the intervention could be improved. Interview recordings were transcribed and coded into themes.
RESULTS: There were five themes that were identified in the study. These themes were: (1) users' motives, (2) users' desired outcomes, (3) users' positive experiences, (4) users' negative emotions, and (5) attributes desired by user.
CONCLUSIONS: There is little research in the field that has explored user experiences in human-computer interactions and how such experiences may relate to engagement, especially among males. Although not conclusive, the current study provides some insight into what personal attributes of middle-aged males (such as their key motives and goals for participating) and attributes of the intervention materials (such as usability, control, and interactivity) may impact on user engagement in this group. These findings will be helpful for informing the design and implementation of future health behavior interventions for males.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12611000081910; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12611000081910 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6M4lBlvCA).	Short, Camille E
Vandelanotte, Corneel
Dixon, Marcus W
Rosenkranz, Richard
Caperchione, Cristina
Hooker, Cindy
Karunanithi, Mohan
Kolt, Gregory S
Maeder, Anthony
Ding, Hang
Taylor, Pennie
Duncan, Mitch J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=24389361http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+In-Process+%26+Other+Non-Indexed+Citations+%3CJune+06%2C+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:24389361&id=doi:10.2196%2Fresprot.2776&issn=1929-0748&volume=3&issue=1&spage=e2&pages=e2&date=2014&title=JMIR+Research+Protocols&atitle=Examining+participant+engagement+in+an+information+technology-based+physical+activity+and+nutrition+intervention+for+men%3A+the+manup+randomized+controlled+trial.&aulast=Short&pid=%3Cauthor%3EShort+CE%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E24389361%3C%2FAN%3E		Center for Physical Activity Studies, Institute for Health and Social Science Research, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia. c.short@cqu.edu.au.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

K. Short and D. Sedlock	1997	Excess postexercise oxygen consumption and recovery rate in trained and untrained subjects		Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)			83		1	153-9						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial;		Excess postexercise oxygen consumption and recovery rate in trained and untrained subjects								Pubmed 9216958						CN-00256815				The purpose of this study was to determine whether aerobic fitness level would influence measurements of excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) and initial rate of recovery. Twelve trained [Tr; peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) = 53.3 +/- 6.4 ml . kg-1 . min-1] and ten untrained (UT; VO2 peak = 37.4 +/- 3.2 ml . kg-1 . min-1) subjects completed two 30-min cycle ergometer tests on separate days in the morning, after a 12-h fast and an abstinence from vigorous activity of 24 h. Baseline metabolic rate was established during the last 10 min of a 30-min seated preexercise rest period. Exercise workloads were manipulated so that they elicited the same relative, 70% VO2 peak (W70%), or the same absolute, 1.5 l/min oxygen uptake (VO2) (W1.5), intensity for all subjects, respectively. Recovery VO2, heart rate (HR), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were monitored in a seated position until baseline VO2 was reestablished. Under both exercise conditions, Tr had shorter EPOC duration (W70% = 40 +/- 15 min, W1.5 = 21 +/- 9 min) than UT (W70% = 50 +/- 14 min; W1.5 = 39 +/- 14 min), but EPOC magnitude (Tr: W70% = 3.2 +/- 1.0 liters O2, W1.5 = 1.5 +/- 0.6 liters O2; UT: W70% = 3.5 +/- 0.9 liters O2, W1.5 = 2.4 +/- 0.6 liters O2) was not different between groups. The similarity of Tr and UT EPOC accumulation in the W70% trial is attributed to the parallel decline in absolute VO2 during most of the initial recovery period. Tr subjects had faster relative decline during the fast-recovery phase, however, when a correction for their higher exercise VO2 was taken. Postexercise VO2 was lower for Tr group for nearly all of the W1.5 trial and particularly during the fast phase. Recovery HR kinetics were remarkably similar for both groups in W70%, but recovery was faster for Tr during W1.5. RER values were at or below baseline throughout much of the recovery period in both groups, with UT experiencing larger changes than Tr in both trials. These findings indicate that Tr individuals have faster regulation of postexercise metabolism when exercising at either the same relative or same absolute work rate.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/815/CN-00256815/frame.html										
S. L. Shuger	2011	Evaluation of physical activity and weight loss on adiposity and hypertension outcomes		Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering			71		9-B	5415						Dissertation
Empirical Study; Quantitative Study		Evaluation of physical activity and weight loss on adiposity and hypertension outcomes		0419-4217												Dissertation Abstract: 2011-99060-337				This dissertation project describes the association between adiposity and fat distribution and the development of hypertension in women and men in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS) and weight loss in the Lifestyle Education for Activity and Nutrition (LEAN) Study. ACLS studies. The ACLS was used for studies 1 and 2 in this dissertation project. General obesity is a major risk factor for the development of hypertension (HTN). However, it is not well-studied whether central obesity and percent body fat are also related to the future HTN. Our primary goal was to investigate the independent and joint associations between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and percent body fat and incident HTN in a cohort of normotensive, healthy women and men from the ACLS. Study participants were healthy normotensive women (n=5,296 and men n=13,897) aged 20-100 years who completed a baseline examination during 1976-2004 and were followed for HTN incidence. Incident HTN was identified via follow-up mail-back surveys. Obesity was defined as BMI > 30 kg/m2, WC > 102 cm, or percent body fat > 25%. In a subgroup of women (n = 3,189) with complete data on all the adiposity measures, significant positive associations with HTN were seen across incremental fifths of BMI, percent body fat, and fat mass (FM) (P trend < 0.05 each), but not WC and fat-free mass (FFM). In men, adiposity factors were grouped based on the clinical outpoints, HTN incidence risk was significantly higher in BMI-defined overweight (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.38-1.70) and obesity (HR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.83-2.53) compared with normal weight men; in WC-defined abdominally obese (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.38-1.79) compared with normal WC men; in percent body fat-defined obese (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.31-1.64) compared with normal percent body fat men, respectively. In summary, BMI, WC, and higher percent body fat are significant risk factors for the development of incident hypertension. By using these 3 measurements, we can improve risk stratification; but this may not always be practical. LEAN study. The purpose of the LEAN randomized controlled trial was (1) to assess a real-time self-monitoring strategy for physical activity and diet in conjunction with GWL (Group Weight Loss) to promote weight loss and waist circumference reduction compared to a standard care intervention and to a standard GWL without real-time monitoring, and (2) to assess weight loss and waist circumference reduction when using real-time self-monitoring alone. The SenseWear Armband is a physical activity monitor developed to improve lifestyle and weight management. In using this device individuals obtain real-time feedback on energy expenditure and energy intake, which provides an estimate of energy balance. To our knowledge, no studies have evaluated whether weight loss can be promoted in overweight and obese adults through a lifestyle intervention based on the armband. We recruited 197 sedentary overweight or obese adults (age, 46.8 + 10.8 y; BMI, 33.3 + 5.2 kg/m2; 81% women, 32% African-American) from the greater Columbia, South Carolina area. Participants were randomized into 1 of 4 groups that received a self-directed weight loss program via an evidence-based weight loss manual (Standard Care, n=50), a group-based behavioral weight loss program (GWL, n=49), the armband alone (SWA-alone, n=49), or the GWL plus the armband (GWL+SWA, n=49) during the 9 month intervention. All participants received the weight loss manual at baseline. Participants in the group-based programs (GWL and GWL+SWA) received 14-15 one-hour group counseling sessions over the first 4 months and 6 telephone counseling sessions during the last 5 months. Participants wearing the armband (SWA and GWL+SWA) were asked to wear the monitor daily and record energy intake regularly using the SenseWear software. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).	AAI3418908		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=psyc7&AN=2011-99060-337http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:PsycINFO+<2011+to+March+Week+4+2013>&genre=article&id=pmid:&id=doi:&issn=0419-4217&volume=71&issue=9-B&spage=5415&pages=5415&date=2011&title=Dissertation+Abstracts+International:+Section+B:+The+Sciences+and+Engineering&atitle=Evaluation+of+physical+activity+and+weight+loss+on+adiposity+and+hypertension+outcomes.&aulast=Shuger&pid=<author>Shuger,+Sara+Lynn</author>&<AN>2011-99060-337</AN>		Shuger, Sara Lynn: U South Carolina, US								English

E. Sigmund, W. Ansari and D. Sigmundová	2012	Does school-based physical activity decrease overweight and obesity in children aged 6-9 years? A two-year non-randomized longitudinal intervention study in the Czech Republic		BMC public health			12			570						Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Does school-based physical activity decrease overweight and obesity in children aged 6-9 years? A two-year non-randomized longitudinal intervention study in the Czech Republic								Pubmed 22892226						CN-00841978				BACKGROUND: Globally, efforts aimed at the prevention of childhood obesity have led to the implementation of a range of school-based interventions. This study assessed whether augmenting physical activity (PA) within the school setting resulted in increased daily PA and decreased overweight/obesity levels in 6-9-year-old children. METHODS: Across the first to third primary school years, PA of 84 girls and 92 boys was objectively monitored five times (each for seven successive days) using Yamax pedometer (step counts) and Caltrac accelerometer (activity energy expenditure AEE - kcal/kg per day). Four schools were selected to participate in the research (2 intervention, 2 controls), comprising intervention (43 girls, 45 boys) and control children (41 girls, 47 boys). The study was non-randomized and the intervention schools were selected on the basis of existing PA-conducive environment. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures examined the PA programme and gender effects on the step counts and AEE. Logistic regression (Enter method) determined the obesity and overweight occurrence prospect over the course of implementation of the PA intervention. RESULTS: There was a significant increase of school-based PA during schooldays in intervention children (from???1718 to???3247 steps per day; and from 2.1 to???3.6 Kcal/Kg per day) in comparison with the control children. Increased school-based PA of intervention children during schooldays contributed to them achieving >10,500 steps and >10.5 Kcal/Kg per school day across the 2 years of the study, and resulted in a stop of the decline in PA levels that is known to be associated with the increasing age of children. Increased school-based PA had also positive impact on leisure time PA of schooldays and on PA at weekends of intervention children. One year after the start of the PA intervention, the odds of being overweight or obese in the intervention children was almost three times lower than that of control children (p?<?0.005), and these odds steadily decreased with the duration of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that school-based PA (Physical Education lessons, PA during short breaks and longer recesses, PA at after-school nursery) in compatible active environments (child-friendly gym and school playground, corridors with movement and playing around corners and for games) has a vital role in obesity and overweight reduction among younger pupils.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/978/CN-00841978/frame.html										
S. Sihvonen, S. Sipilä, S. Taskinen and P. Era	2004	Fall incidence in frail older women after individualized visual feedback-based balance training		Gerontology			50		6	411-6						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Fall incidence in frail older women after individualized visual feedback-based balance training								Pubmed 15477703						CN-00514533				BACKGROUND: The knowledge concerning balance training actually lowering fall rates among frail older persons is limited. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a 4-week individualized visual feedback-based balance training on the fall incidence during 1-year follow-up among frail older women living in residential care. METHODS: Twenty-seven older women from 2 residential care homes were randomized into exercise (n = 20) and control (n = 7) groups. Balance measurements were carried out before and after a 4-week training period and falls were monitored by monthly diaries for 1 year. An interview about fear of falling and physical activity was completed before and after the intervention and after the 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: A positive effect of balance training on fall incidence was found. A dynamic Poisson regression model showed that during the follow-up the monthly risk of falling was decreased in the exercise group compared to controls (risk ratio 0.398, 95% CI 0.174-0.911, p = 0.029). In addition, the exercise group reported a reduced fear of falling and increased physical activity after a training period but these changes declined during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Individualized visual feedback-based balance training was shown to be a promising method for fall prevention among frail older women. High compliance (97.5%) with the training program showed that carefully targeted training programs can be carried out among older people with health limitations.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/533/CN-00514533/frame.html										
K. Silbernagel, R. Thomeé, B. Eriksson and J. Karlsson	2007	Continued sports activity, using a pain-monitoring model, during rehabilitation in patients with Achilles tendinopathy: a randomized controlled study		American journal of sports medicine			35		6	897-906						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Continued sports activity, using a pain-monitoring model, during rehabilitation in patients with Achilles tendinopathy: a randomized controlled study								Pubmed 17307888						CN-00586941				BACKGROUND: Achilles tendinopathy is a common overuse injury, especially among athletes involved in activities that include running and jumping. Often an initial period of rest from the pain-provoking activity is recommended. PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate if continued running and jumping during treatment with an Achilles tendon-loading strengthening program has an effect on the outcome. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized clinical control trial; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with Achilles tendinopathy were randomly allocated to 2 different treatment groups. The exercise training group (n = 19) was allowed, with the use of a pain-monitoring model, to continue Achilles tendon-loading activity, such as running and jumping, whereas the active rest group (n = 19) had to stop such activities during the first 6 weeks. All patients were rehabilitated according to an identical rehabilitation program. The primary outcome measures were the Swedish version of the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Achilles questionnaire (VISA-A-S) and the pain level during tendon-loading activity. RESULTS: No significant differences in the rate of improvements were found between the groups. Both groups showed, however, significant (P < .01) improvements, compared with baseline, on the primary outcome measure at all the evaluations. The exercise training group had a mean (standard deviation) VISA-A-S score of 57 (15.8) at baseline and 85 (12.7) at the 12-month follow-up (P < .01). The active rest group had a mean (standard deviation) VISA-A-S score of 57 (15.7) at baseline and 91 (8.2) at the 12-month follow-up (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: No negative effects could be demonstrated from continuing Achilles tendon-loading activity, such as running and jumping, with the use of a pain-monitoring model, during treatment. Our treatment protocol for patients with Achilles tendinopathy, which gradually increases the load on the Achilles tendon and calf muscle, demonstrated significant improvements. A training regimen of continued, pain-monitored, tendon-loading physical activity might therefore represent a valuable option for patients with Achilles tendinopathy.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/941/CN-00586941/frame.html										
A. Silva, O. Toffoletto, L. Lucio, P. Santos, J. Afiune, F. J. Massud and S. Tufik	2010	[Cardiovascular repercussion of lodenafil carbonate, a new PDE5 inhibitor, with and without alcohol consumption]		Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia			94		2	150-6, 160-7, 152-8						Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		[Cardiovascular repercussion of lodenafil carbonate, a new PDE5 inhibitor, with and without alcohol consumption]								Pubmed 20428608						CN-00762221				BACKGROUND: Millions of men around the world suffer from erectile dysfunction, for which phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE-5 inhibitors) are currently the first treatment option. Sexual activity and alcohol consumption are closely related, and the simultaneous use of alcohol and PDE-5 inhibitors can happen. Lodenafil carbonate is a new PDE-5 inhibitor, developed by a Brazilian pharmaceutical company. OBJECTIVE: This work aimed at evaluating the cardiovascular safety of lodenafil carbonate, with and without simultaneous alcohol consumption. METHODS: Fifteen male volunteers received 160 mg lodenafil carbonate (LC), in three different moments. Participants were assigned to three groups, treated with LC in fasting condition, with alcohol or receiving only placebo. The volunteers were continuously monitored during 24 hours for physical impairment, blood pressure, heart rate, QT interval and lodenafil's pharmacokinetic parameters. RESULTS: Lodenafil carbonate alone or with alcohol did not induce clinically relevant modifications in arterial blood pressure or heart rate. A statistically significant decrease in blood pressure was seen four hours after LC and alcohol intake, and an increase in heart rate six hours after intake of lodenafil carbonate alone. The QTc interval was not significantly modified. Lodenafil carbonate bioavailability was increased in 74% when drug intake was associated with alcohol. CONCLUSION: These results show that the use of lodenafil carbonate did not have clinically relevant effects on blood pressure or heart rate, and was not associated with QT interval prolongation. The association of lodenafil carbonate and alcohol affected its pharmacokinetic properties, increasing the bioavailability of the drug.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/221/CN-00762221/frame.html										
C. M. Silva, I. B. S. Bermúdez, E. Duarte and P. Verschure	2011	Virtual reality based rehabilitation speeds up functional recovery of the upper extremities after stroke: a randomized controlled pilot study in the acute phase of stroke using the rehabilitation gaming system		Restorative neurology and neuroscience			29		5	287-98						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Virtual reality based rehabilitation speeds up functional recovery of the upper extremities after stroke: a randomized controlled pilot study in the acute phase of stroke using the rehabilitation gaming system								Pubmed 21697589						CN-00854444				PURPOSE: Given the incidence of stroke, the need has arisen to consider more self-managed rehabilitation approaches. A promising technology is Virtual Reality (VR). Thus far, however, it is not clear what the benefits of VR systems are when compared to conventional methods. Here we investigated the clinical impact of one such system, the Rehabilitation Gaming System (RGS), on the recovery time course of acute stroke. RGS combines concepts of action execution and observation with an automatic individualization of training. METHODS. Acute stroke patients (n = 8) used the RGS during 12 weeks in addition to conventional therapy. A control group (n = 8) performed a time matched alternative treatment, which consisted of intense occupational therapy or non-specific interactive games. RESULTS. At the end of the treatment, between-group comparisons showed that the RGS group displayed significantly improved performance in paretic arm speed that was matched by better performance in the arm subpart of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Test and the Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory. In addition, the RGS group presented a significantly faster improvement over time for all the clinical scales during the treatment period. CONCLUSIONS. Our results suggest that rehabilitation with the RGS facilitates the functional recovery of the upper extremities and that this system is therefore a promising tool for stroke neurorehabilitation.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/444/CN-00854444/frame.html										
M. Silva, E. F. Shepherd, W. O. Jackson, F. J. Dorey and T. P. Schmalzried	2002	Average patient walking activity approaches 2 million cycles per year: pedometers under-record walking activity		Journal of Arthroplasty			17		6	693-7					Sep			Average patient walking activity approaches 2 million cycles per year: pedometers under-record walking activity	J Arthroplasty	0883-5403												12216021				A two-dimensional accelerometer worn on the ankle (step activity monitor [SAM]; Prosthetic Research Study, Seattle, WA) has been proved to be highly accurate for assessing walking activity. The walking activity of 33 patients with well-functioning total hip arthroplasties was measured continuously during daily life, simultaneously with a pedometer and a SAM. The SAM recorded an average of 1.9 million cycles/y. The pedometer under-recorded an average of 34% cycles per day compared with the SAM (P=.0007), but the 2 measures were highly correlated (r=0.66; P=.001). No difference was seen in the number of gait cycles per day between men and women. The previously reported difference in average walking activity between men and women is due to greater under-recording of the pedometer in women, especially those with a body mass index > or =27. The pedometer is more reliable in quantifying the walking activity of men, less obese women, and patients with >1 million gait cycles/y. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA).	Silva, Mauricio
Shepherd, Eric F
Jackson, Walter O
Dorey, Frederick J
Schmalzried, Thomas P		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12216021http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:12216021&id=doi:&issn=0883-5403&volume=17&issue=6&spage=693&pages=693-7&date=2002&title=Journal+of+Arthroplasty&atitle=Average+patient+walking+activity+approaches+2+million+cycles+per+year%3A+pedometers+under-record+walking+activity.&aulast=Silva&pid=%3Cauthor%3ESilva+M%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E12216021%3C%2FAN%3E		Joint Replacement Institute, Orthopaedic Hospital, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. Silveira, C. Given, K. Cease, A. Sikorskii, B. Given, L. Northouse and J. Piette	2011	Cancer Carepartners: Improving patients' symptom management by engaging informal caregivers		BMC palliative care			10									Journal: Article		Cancer Carepartners: Improving patients' symptom management by engaging informal caregivers														CN-00897198				Background: Previous studies have found that cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy can effectively manage their own symptoms when given tailored advice. This approach, however, may challenge patients with poor performance status and/or emotional distress. Our goal is to test an automated intervention that engages a friend or family member to support a patient through chemotherapy. Methods/Design. We describe the design and rationale of a randomized, controlled trial to assess the efficacy of 10 weeks of web-based caregiver alerts and tailored advice for helping a patient manage symptoms related to chemotherapy. The study aims to test the primary hypothesis that patients whose caregivers receive alerts and tailored advice will report less frequent and less severe symptoms at 10 and 14 weeks when compared to patients in the control arm; similarly, they will report better physical function, fewer outpatient visits and hospitalizations related to symptoms, and greater adherence to chemotherapy. 300 patients with solid tumors undergoing chemotherapy at two Veteran Administration oncology clinics reporting any symptom at a severity of 4 and a willing informal caregiver will be assigned to either 10 weeks of automated telephonic symptom assessment (ATSA) alone, or 10 weeks of ATSA plus web-based notification of symptom severity and problem solving advice to their chosen caregiver. Patients and caregivers will be surveyed at intake, 10 weeks and 14 weeks. Both groups will receive standard oncology, hospice, and palliative care. Discussion. Patients undergoing chemotherapy experience many symptoms that they may be able to manage with the support of an activated caregiver. This intervention uses readily available technology to improve patient caregiver communication about symptoms and caregiver knowledge of symptom management. If successful, it could substantially improve the quality of life of veterans and their families during the stresses of chemotherapy without substantially increasing the cost of care. Trial Registration. NCT00983892. 2011 Silveira et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/198/CN-00897198/frame.html										
R. Simmons, E. Sluijs, W. Hardeman, S. Sutton and S. Griffin	2010	Who will increase their physical activity? Predictors of change in objectively measured physical activity over 12 months in the ProActive cohort		BMC public health			10			226						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Who will increase their physical activity? Predictors of change in objectively measured physical activity over 12 months in the ProActive cohort								Pubmed 20433700						CN-00813461				BACKGROUND: The aim was to identify predictors of change in objectively measured physical activity over 12 months in the ProActive cohort to improve understanding of factors influencing change in physical activity. METHODS: ProActive is a physical activity promotion trial that took place in Eastern England (1999-2004). 365 offspring of people with type 2 diabetes underwent measurement of physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) using heart rate monitoring, fitness, and anthropometric and biochemical status at baseline and 1 year (n = 321). Linear regression was used to quantify the associations between baseline demographic, clinical, psychosocial and behavioural variables and change in PAEE over 12 months. This study is registered as ISRCTN61323766. RESULTS: ProActive participants significantly increased their PAEE by 0.6 kj/min (SD 4.2, p = 0.006) over one year, the equivalent of around 20 minutes brisk walking/day. Male sex and higher fitness at baseline predicted increase in PAEE. No significant associations were found for any other variables. Very few baseline demographic, clinical, psychosocial and behavioural predictors were associated with change in objectively measured physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Traditional baseline determinants of self-reported physical activity targeted by behavioural interventions may be relatively weak predictors of change in objectively measured physical activity. Further research is needed to improve our understanding of factors influencing change in physical activity to inform the development and targeting of interventions.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/461/CN-00813461/frame.html										
S. Singh and M. D. Morgan	2001	Activity monitors can detect brisk walking in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease		Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation			21		3	143-8					May-Jun	Comparative Study		Activity monitors can detect brisk walking in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	J Cardiopulm Rehabil	0883-9212												11409223				PURPOSE: Brisk walking forms the foundation of aerobic training regimes within a pulmonary rehabilitation service for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Repeated bouts of aerobic training are encouraged in the domestic environment. This study was designed to examine the discriminatory properties of an activity monitor, to assess if brisk walking can be identified clearly from all other activities of daily living. Secondly, the authors examined the overall level of activity generated by patients with COPD compared with a healthy control population.
METHODS: Eleven patients with COPD and nine age-matched healthy controls were recruited. All subjects were required to wear an activity monitor for 48 hours. Subjects simultaneously recorded their activity (grouped into 10 categories) to the nearest minute.
RESULTS: The data indicated that the monitors can detect brisk walking as a distinct activity in patients and a control population. The healthy individuals achieve a significantly higher level of activity than patients, but that the duration of this high intensity activity (i.e., brisk walking) is significantly lower than the patient group. Total activity was not correlated with age, sex, or forced expiratory volume in 1 second.
CONCLUSION: Activity monitors have the capacity to discriminate brisk walking from other domestic activities and can be used to identify low levels of domestic activity in the patient population.	Singh, S
Morgan, M D		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11409223http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:11409223&id=doi:&issn=0883-9212&volume=21&issue=3&spage=143&pages=143-8&date=2001&title=Journal+of+Cardiopulmonary+Rehabilitation&atitle=Activity+monitors+can+detect+brisk+walking+in+patients+with+chronic+obstructive+pulmonary+disease.&aulast=Singh&pid=%3Cauthor%3ESingh+S%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E11409223%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, England, Groby Road, Leicester, England LE3 9QP. sally.singh@uhl-tr.nhs.uk						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. R. Sirard, E. L. Melanson and P. S. Freedson	2000	Field evaluation of the Computer Science and Applications, Inc. physical activity monitor		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			32		3	695-700								Field evaluation of the Computer Science and Applications, Inc. physical activity monitor		0195-9131												2000033612. Language: English. Entry Date: 20000501. Revision Date: 20091218. Publication Type: journal article				PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Computer Science and Applications, Inc. (CSA) activity monitor to quantify physical activity in free living subjects using an activity diary as the criterion measure. METHODS: Subjects also completed a 7-d physical activity recall at the end of the monitoring period. Nine male and 10 female subjects (mean, SD) (25.0, 3.6 yr) wore the CSA monitor for 7 consecutive days. On 3 of those days, subjects completed an activity diary (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day). Total kcal per day (Dkcal(tot)) was calculated from the self-reported diary classifications of the subject's activities. For the 3 days that coincided with the diary, total number of counts accumulated per day (cnt(tot)) was obtained from the monitor. RESULTS: The amount of activity per day recorded by the CSA monitor followed the same pattern of change as the activity diary. The cnt(tot) and Dkcal(tot) were significantly (P < or = 0.05) correlated on day 1 (r = 0.65), day 2 (r = 0.49), day 3 (r = 0.55), and for the 3 days pooled (r = 0.51). Subjects were classified as low, moderate, or highly active based on tertiles of kcal from the diary and counts from the CSA monitor. The percentage agreement between the CSA and the activity diary was 68.4% (Kappa = 0.53, P < 0.01). The number of minutes spent in the various activity categories were compared between instruments using an ANOVA model. The results of these analyses suggest that the CSA overestimated light activity and underestimated vigorous activity compared with the diary. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the CSA monitor may be useful in a field situation where total physical activity and patterns of physical activity are the desired outcomes.	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Instrumentation: Stanford Seven Day Recall (SDR). No. of Refs: 23 ref. NLM UID: 8005433.
PMID: 10731015		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2000033612&site=ehost-live		Department of Exercise Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003						rzh	EBSCOhost	
J. R. Sirard, E. L. Melanson, L. Li and P. S. Freedson	2000	Field evaluation of the Computer Science and Applications, Inc. physical activity monitor		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			32		3	695-700					Mar			Field evaluation of the Computer Science and Applications, Inc. physical activity monitor	Med Sci Sports Exerc	0195-9131												10731015				PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Computer Science and Applications, Inc. (CSA) activity monitor to quantify physical activity in free living subjects using an activity diary as the criterion measure.
METHODS: Subjects also completed a 7-d physical activity recall at the end of the monitoring period. Nine male and 10 female subjects (mean, SD) (25.0, 3.6 yr) wore the CSA monitor for 7 consecutive days. On 3 of those days, subjects completed an activity diary (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day). Total kcal per day (Dkcal(tot)) was calculated from the self-reported diary classifications of the subject's activities. For the 3 days that coincided with the diary, total number of counts accumulated per day (cnt(tot)) was obtained from the monitor.
RESULTS: The amount of activity per day recorded by the CSA monitor followed the same pattern of change as the activity diary. The cnt(tot) and Dkcal(tot) were significantly (P < or = 0.05) correlated on day 1 (r = 0.65), day 2 (r = 0.49), day 3 (r = 0.55), and for the 3 days pooled (r = 0.51). Subjects were classified as low, moderate, or highly active based on tertiles of kcal from the diary and counts from the CSA monitor. The percentage agreement between the CSA and the activity diary was 68.4% (Kappa = 0.53, P < 0.01). The number of minutes spent in the various activity categories were compared between instruments using an ANOVA model. The results of these analyses suggest that the CSA overestimated light activity and underestimated vigorous activity compared with the diary.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the CSA monitor may be useful in a field situation where total physical activity and patterns of physical activity are the desired outcomes.	Sirard, J R
Melanson, E L
Li, L
Freedson, P S		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10731015http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:10731015&id=doi:&issn=0195-9131&volume=32&issue=3&spage=695&pages=695-700&date=2000&title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&atitle=Field+evaluation+of+the+Computer+Science+and+Applications%2C+Inc.+physical+activity+monitor.&aulast=Sirard&pid=%3Cauthor%3ESirard+JR%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E10731015%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Exercise Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA. Sirard@hotmail.com						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

A. Skvortsov, S. Nasonova, A. Sychev, I. Orlova, N. Baklanova, V. Masenko, V. Mareev and I. Belenkov	2006	[Effects of long term therapy with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor quinapril, antagonist of receptors to angiotensin II valsartan, and combination of quinapril and valsartan in patients with moderate chronic heart failure. Main results of the SADKO-CHF study]		Kardiologiia			46		7	33-51						Comparative Study; English Abstract; Randomized Controlled Trial		[Effects of long term therapy with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor quinapril, antagonist of receptors to angiotensin II valsartan, and combination of quinapril and valsartan in patients with moderate chronic heart failure. Main results of the SADKO-CHF study]								Pubmed 16883264						CN-00567051				AIM: To compare effects of therapy with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor quinapril (Q), angiotensin II receptor antagonist valsartan (V), and their combination in patients with stable moderate chronic heart failure (CHF). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients (n=80) with NYHA class II-III CHF due to ischemic heart disease, dilated cardiomyopathy or decompensated hypertensive heart and ejection fraction <40% were randomized into 3 groups. Patients of group Q, V and Q+V received Q (average dose 13 mg/day, n=28), V (121 mg/day, n=26), and combination of Q and V (12 and 78 mg/day, n=26), respectively. Methods included assessment of clinical state and quality of life, echocardiography, 6 min walk test, Holter ECG monitoring with measurements of parameters of heart rate variability (HRV), and determination of neurohormones in peripheral blood. Examinations and measurements were made at baseline, in 3 and 6 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Six months therapy with Q, V and their combination resulted in improvement of clinical and functional state of patients. More pronounced augmentation of exercise tolerance and lowering of CHF functional class were observed in group Q. Combined use of Q and V had no significant advantages over monotherapy with Q and V when effect on parameters of left ventricular remodeling were concerned. Therapy with Q was associated with "escape" of blockade of aldosterone synthesis and "reactivation" of angiotensin II formation after 6 months. The use of V and combination of V+Q allowed to achieve more stable but incomplete control of aldosterone activity. The use of Q appears to be the preferential regimen to influence activity of sympathoadrenal system and parameters of 24 hour HRV compared with V and Q+V. Long term therapy with V does not improve main parameters of 24 hour HRV.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/051/CN-00567051/frame.html										
V. Skvortsova, G. Ivanova, N. Rumyantseva, A. Staritsyn, E. Kovrazhkina and A. Suvorov	2011	Current approaches to restoring walking in patients during the acute phase of cerebral stroke		Neuroscience and behavioral physiology			41		5	536-41						Journal: Article		Current approaches to restoring walking in patients during the acute phase of cerebral stroke														CN-00890982				The aim of this study was to create a complex program for restoring walking in stroke patients using motor-assisted walking trainers. The study included patients (mean age 59 + 10.4 years) in the acute phase of stroke who were unable to walk independently; 53 patients were in the study group and 25 in the control group. The mean time from onset to treatment using motor-assisted trainers was 14 + 1.6 days and was defined on the basis of adequate test results. The rehabilitation program included daily 30-min sessions of physical therapy. Patients of the study group but not controls also received 20-min sessions using Motomed Viva 2 and Gait Trainer 1 (GT1) motor-assisted trainers accompanied by continuous monitoring of arterial blood pressure and heart rate. Patients received 5-12 (mean 7 + 1) sessions on the GT1. After complex rehabilitation treatment, patients of the study group, as compared with controls, showed significant (p < 0.01) improvements in dynamics on the standing stability, walking functionality, and the Berg and Bartel scales; all patients of this group became able to walk with a support or completely independently. In the study group there were significant (p < 0.05) decreases in the proportions of patients with impaired proprioception (from 37.7% to 9.4%) and lower limb ataxia (from 37% to 11.3%); no such changes occurred in the control group. These results lead to the conclusion that the complex use of reflex kinesiotherapy and robot-driven mechanotherapy in patients during the acute phase of stroke produces improvements in functional activity and increases the level of independence by discharge from hospital. 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/982/CN-00890982/frame.html										
J. Slaman, J. Bussmann, W. M. van der Slot, H. J. Stam, M. E. Roebroeck, R. J. van den Berg-Emons and N. Transition and Lifespan Research Group South West	2013	Physical strain of walking relates to activity level in adults with cerebral palsy		Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation			94		5	896-901					May			Physical strain of walking relates to activity level in adults with cerebral palsy	Arch Phys Med Rehabil	1532-821X												23149309				OBJECTIVE: To gain insight into underlying mechanisms of inactive lifestyles among adults with spastic bilateral cerebral palsy (CP) with a focus on aerobic capacity, oxygen consumption, and physical strain during walking at preferred walking speed, as well as fatigue.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional.
SETTING: University hospital.
PARTICIPANTS: Adults (N=36), aged 25 to 45 years, with spastic bilateral CP, walking with (n=6) or without (n=30) walking aids.
INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Physical strain during walking was defined as oxygen uptake during walking, expressed as percentage of peak aerobic capacity. Participants with spastic bilateral CP walked their preferred walking speed while oxygen uptake was measured using a portable gas analyzer. Peak aerobic capacity was measured during maximal cycle ergometry. An accelerometry-based activity monitor measured total daily walking time. Regression analyses were performed to assess the relation between aerobic capacity, oxygen uptake, and physical strain of walking on the one hand and total daily walking time on the other hand.
RESULTS: Neither aerobic capacity nor oxygen uptake during walking was related to total daily walking time (r(2)=.29, P=.10 and r(2)=.27, P=.16, respectively). Physical strain of walking at preferred walking speed was inversely related to total daily walking time (r(2)=.44, P<.01).
CONCLUSIONS: Physical strain during walking is moderately related to total daily walking time, implying that people with high physical strain during walking at preferred walking speed likely walk less in daily life. Copyright 2013 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Slaman, Jorrit
Bussmann, Johannes
van der Slot, Wilma M
Stam, Henk J
Roebroeck, Marij E
van den Berg-Emons, Rita J
Transition and Lifespan Research Group South West Netherlands
S0003-9993(12)01105-7		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23149309http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23149309&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.apmr.2012.11.005&issn=0003-9993&volume=94&issue=5&spage=896&pages=896-901&date=2013&title=Archives+of+Physical+Medicine+%26+Rehabilitation&atitle=Physical+strain+of+walking+relates+to+activity+level+in+adults+with+cerebral+palsy.&aulast=Slaman&pid=%3Cauthor%3ESlaman+J%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23149309%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Therapy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. j.slaman@erasmusmc.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. Slaman, M. E. Roebroeck, J. van Meeteren, W. M. van der Slot, H. A. Reinders-Messelink, E. Lindeman, H. J. Stam and R. J. van den Berg-Emons	2010	Learn 2 Move 16-24: effectiveness of an intervention to stimulate physical activity and improve physical fitness of adolescents and young adults with spastic cerebral palsy; a randomized controlled trial		BMC Pediatrics			10			79						Comparative Study
Multicenter Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Learn 2 Move 16-24: effectiveness of an intervention to stimulate physical activity and improve physical fitness of adolescents and young adults with spastic cerebral palsy; a randomized controlled trial	BMC Pediatr	1471-2431					PMC2992500							21054829				BACKGROUND: Persons with cerebral palsy (CP) are at risk for developing an inactive lifestyle and often have poor fitness levels, which may lead to secondary health complications and diminished participation and quality of life. However, persons with CP also tend not to receive structural treatment to improve physical activity and fitness in adolescence, which is precisely the period when adult physical activity patterns are established.
METHODS: We aim to include 60 adolescents and young adults (16-24 years) with spastic CP. Participants will be randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group (no treatment; current policy). The intervention will last 6 months and consist of three parts; 1) counselling on daily physical activity; 2) physical fitness training; and 3) sports advice. To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention, all participants will be measured before, during, directly after, and at 6 months following the intervention period. Primary outcome measures will be: 1) physical activity level, which will be measured objectively with an accelerometry-based activity monitor during 72 h and subjectively with the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities; 2) aerobic fitness, which will be measured with a maximal ramp test on a bicycle or armcrank ergometer and a 6-minute walking or wheelchair test; 3) neuromuscular fitness, which will be measured with handheld dynamometry; and 4 body composition, which will be determined by measuring body mass, height, waist circumference, fat mass and lipid profile.
CONCLUSIONS: This paper outlines the design, methodology and intervention of a multicenter randomized controlled trial (LEARN 2 MOVE 16-24) aimed at examining the effectiveness of an intervention that is intended to permanently increase physical activity levels and improve fitness levels of adolescents and young adults with CP by achieving a behavioral change toward a more active lifestyle.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: Dutch Trial Register; NTR1785.	Slaman, Jorrit
Roebroeck, Marij E
van Meeteren, Jetty
van der Slot, Wilma M
Reinders-Messelink, Heleen A
Lindeman, Eline
Stam, Henk J
van den Berg-Emons, Rita J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21054829http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21054829&id=doi:10.1186%2F1471-2431-10-79&issn=1471-2431&volume=10&issue=1&spage=79&pages=79&date=2010&title=BMC+Pediatrics&atitle=Learn+2+Move+16-24%3A+effectiveness+of+an+intervention+to+stimulate+physical+activity+and+improve+physical+fitness+of+adolescents+and+young+adults+with+spastic+cerebral+palsy%3B+a+randomized+controlled+trial.&aulast=Slaman&pid=%3Cauthor%3ESlaman+J%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21054829%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Therapy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. j.slaman@erasmusmc.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. Slaman, J. Bussmann, W. M. van der Slot, H. J. Stam, M. E. Roebroeck and R. J. van den Berg-Emons	2013	Physical Strain of Walking Relates to Activity Level in Adults With Cerebral Palsy		Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation			94		5	896-901								Physical Strain of Walking Relates to Activity Level in Adults With Cerebral Palsy		0003-9993												2012100944. Language: English. Entry Date: 20130816. Revision Date: 20140307. Publication Type: journal article				Abstract: Objective: To gain insight into underlying mechanisms of inactive lifestyles among adults with spastic bilateral cerebral palsy (CP) with a focus on aerobic capacity, oxygen consumption, and physical strain during walking at preferred walking speed, as well as fatigue. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: University hospital. Participants: Adults (N=36), aged 25 to 45 years, with spastic bilateral CP, walking with (n=6) or without (n=30) walking aids. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Physical strain during walking was defined as oxygen uptake during walking, expressed as percentage of peak aerobic capacity. Participants with spastic bilateral CP walked their preferred walking speed while oxygen uptake was measured using a portable gas analyzer. Peak aerobic capacity was measured during maximal cycle ergometry. An accelerometry-based activity monitor measured total daily walking time. Regression analyses were performed to assess the relation between aerobic capacity, oxygen uptake, and physical strain of walking on the one hand and total daily walking time on the other hand. Results: Neither aerobic capacity nor oxygen uptake during walking was related to total daily walking time (r <sup>2</sup>=.29, P=.10 and r <sup>2</sup>=.27, P=.16, respectively). Physical strain of walking at preferred walking speed was inversely related to total daily walking time (r <sup>2</sup>=.44, P<.01). Conclusions: Physical strain during walking is moderately related to total daily walking time, implying that people with high physical strain during walking at preferred walking speed likely walk less in daily life.	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Online/Print; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Physical Therapy. Instrumentation: Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) (American College of Sports Medicine); Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS); Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Grant Information: Supported by ZonMw (grant no. 89000002). NLM UID: 2985158R.
PMID: 23149309		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2012100944&site=ehost-live		Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Therapy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands						rzh	EBSCOhost	
J. Slaman, M. Roebroeck, J. Meeteren, W. Slot, H. Reinders-Messelink, E. Lindeman, H. Stam and R. Berg-Emons	2010	Learn 2 Move 16-24: effectiveness of an intervention to stimulate physical activity and improve physical fitness of adolescents and young adults with spastic cerebral palsy; a randomized controlled trial		BMC pediatrics			10			79						Comparative Study; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Learn 2 Move 16-24: effectiveness of an intervention to stimulate physical activity and improve physical fitness of adolescents and young adults with spastic cerebral palsy; a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 21054829						CN-00770773				BACKGROUND: Persons with cerebral palsy (CP) are at risk for developing an inactive lifestyle and often have poor fitness levels, which may lead to secondary health complications and diminished participation and quality of life. However, persons with CP also tend not to receive structural treatment to improve physical activity and fitness in adolescence, which is precisely the period when adult physical activity patterns are established. METHODS: We aim to include 60 adolescents and young adults (16-24 years) with spastic CP. Participants will be randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group (no treatment; current policy). The intervention will last 6 months and consist of three parts; 1) counselling on daily physical activity; 2) physical fitness training; and 3) sports advice. To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention, all participants will be measured before, during, directly after, and at 6 months following the intervention period. Primary outcome measures will be: 1) physical activity level, which will be measured objectively with an accelerometry-based activity monitor during 72 h and subjectively with the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities; 2) aerobic fitness, which will be measured with a maximal ramp test on a bicycle or armcrank ergometer and a 6-minute walking or wheelchair test; 3) neuromuscular fitness, which will be measured with handheld dynamometry; and 4 body composition, which will be determined by measuring body mass, height, waist circumference, fat mass and lipid profile. CONCLUSIONS: This paper outlines the design, methodology and intervention of a multicenter randomized controlled trial (LEARN 2 MOVE 16-24) aimed at examining the effectiveness of an intervention that is intended to permanently increase physical activity levels and improve fitness levels of adolescents and young adults with CP by achieving a behavioral change toward a more active lifestyle. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Dutch Trial Register; NTR1785.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/773/CN-00770773/frame.html										
F. J. Slim, R. Keukenkamp, C. H. van Schie, W. R. Faber and F. Nollet	2011	Foot impairments and limitations in walking activities in people affected by leprosy		Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine			43		1	32-8					Jan	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Foot impairments and limitations in walking activities in people affected by leprosy	J Rehabil Med	1651-2081												21042702				OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationships between perceived limitations in walking-related daily activities, walking ability (capacity), and the amount of daily walking (performance) in persons affected by leprosy and to identify their determinants.
DESIGN: A cross-sectional study.
SUBJECTS: Thirty-nine persons affected by leprosy.
METHODS: Perceived limitations were assessed with the World Health Organization Disability Schedule II, domain "getting around". Walking capacity was assessed as covered distance in 6 min. Walking performance was recorded as mean strides/day with the Stepwatch(TM) 3 Activity Monitor. Potential determinants were sensory function, foot deformities, joint mobility, ankle muscle strength and co-morbidity.
RESULTS: Perceived limitations in walking-related activities were significantly correlated with walking capacity (r=-0.47; p<0.01) but not with walking performance, although walking capacity significantly correlated with walking performance (r=0.38; p<0.05). Various foot impairments independently contributed to reduced walking capacity and, to a lower degree, to perceived limitations in activities and performance.
CONCLUSION: People affected by leprosy perceive limitations in walking-related activities that are determined by a reduced walking ability and the severity of foot impairments. Since perceived limitations in walking-related activities were not related to walking performance, perceived limitations are apparently weighted against the individual's needs.	Slim, Frederik J
Keukenkamp, Renske
van Schie, Carine H
Faber, William R
Nollet, Frans		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21042702http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21042702&id=doi:10.2340%2F16501977-0625&issn=1650-1977&volume=43&issue=1&spage=32&pages=32-8&date=2011&title=Journal+of+Rehabilitation+Medicine&atitle=Foot+impairments+and+limitations+in+walking+activities+in+people+affected+by+leprosy.&aulast=Slim&pid=%3Cauthor%3ESlim+FJ%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21042702%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Rehabilitation, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. f.j.slim@amc.uva.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. M. Slootmaker, A. P. M. J. Chin, A. J. Schuit, J. C. Seidell and W. van Mechelen	2005	Promoting physical activity using an activity monitor and a tailored web-based advice: design of a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN93896459]		BMC Public Health			5			134						Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Promoting physical activity using an activity monitor and a tailored web-based advice: design of a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN93896459]	BMC Public Health	1471-2458					PMC1351198							16356182				BACKGROUND: Ageing is associated with a decrease in physical activity. This decrease particularly occurs during specific transitional life stages. Especially during adolescence and young adulthood a steep decrease in physical activity is observed. Inactive people are often not aware of their inactivity. Providing feedback on the actual physical activity level by an activity monitor can increase awareness and may in combination with an individually tailored physical activity advice stimulate a physically active lifestyle.
METHODS: In a randomized controlled trial the effectiveness of providing an activity monitor in combination with a personal physical activity advice through the Internet will be examined. Outcome measures are level of physical activity, determinants of physical activity, quality of life, empowerment, aerobic fitness and body composition. Participants are relatively inactive adolescents and young adults who are measured at baseline, after 3 months intervention and 5 months after the end of the intervention. In addition, facilitating and hindering factors for implementation of the intervention will be investigated.
DISCUSSION: The use of a personal activity monitor in combination with web-based assisted individually tailored health promotion offers a good opportunity to work interactively with large groups of adolescents and young adults and provide them with advice based on their actual activity level. It has great potential to motivate people to change their behaviour and to our knowledge has not been evaluated before.	Slootmaker, Sander M
Chin A Paw, Marijke J M
Schuit, Albertine J
Seidell, Jacob C
van Mechelen, Willem		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16356182http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:16356182&id=doi:&issn=1471-2458&volume=5&issue=&spage=134&pages=134&date=2005&title=BMC+Public+Health&atitle=Promoting+physical+activity+using+an+activity+monitor+and+a+tailored+web-based+advice%3A+design+of+a+randomized+controlled+trial+%5BISRCTN93896459%5D.&aulast=Slootmaker&pid=%3Cauthor%3ESlootmaker+SM%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E16356182%3C%2FAN%3E		Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, Department of Occupational and Public Health, Body@Work Research Centre Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. s.slootmaker@vumc.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. M. Slootmaker, A. P. M. J. Chin, A. J. Schuit, W. van Mechelen and L. L. Koppes	2009	Concurrent validity of the PAM accelerometer relative to the MTI Actigraph using oxygen consumption as a reference		Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports			19		1	36-43					Feb	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Validation Studies		Concurrent validity of the PAM accelerometer relative to the MTI Actigraph using oxygen consumption as a reference	Scand J Med Sci Sports	1600-0838												18266793				The purpose of this study was to examine the concurrent validity of the Personal Activity Monitor (PAM) accelerometer relative to the Actigraph accelerometer using oxygen consumption as a reference, and to assess the test-retest reliability of the PAM. Thirty-two fit, normal weight adults (aged 21-54) performed two activities, treadmill walking and stair walking, while wearing the PAM, the Actigraph and the Cosmed K4b(2). Correlation coefficients and agreement in absolute energy expenditure (EE) levels between PAM, Actigraph and Cosmed were calculated. The test-retest reliability was examined among 296 PAM's using a laboratory shaker. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV) were determined. Correlations for treadmill walking and stair walking, respectively, were r(2)=0.95 and r(2)=0.65 for PAM with Actigraph, r(2)=0.82 and r(2)=0.93 for PAM with VO(2) and r(2)=0.64 and 0.74 for Actigraph with VO(2). Both the PAM and Actigraph underestimated EE during treadmill and stair walking by a substantial amount. The test-retest reliability of the PAM was high [ICC=0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.28;0.92) and intra-CV=1.5%]. The PAM and Actigraph accelerometer are comparable in assessing bodily movement during treadmill and stair walking. The PAM is a valid device to rank subjects in EE and can be useful in collecting objective data to monitor habitual physical activity.	Slootmaker, S M
Chin A Paw, M J M
Schuit, A J
van Mechelen, W
Koppes, L L J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18266793http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:18266793&id=doi:10.1111%2Fj.1600-0838.2007.00740.x&issn=0905-7188&volume=19&issue=1&spage=36&pages=36-43&date=2009&title=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports&atitle=Concurrent+validity+of+the+PAM+accelerometer+relative+to+the+MTI+Actigraph+using+oxygen+consumption+as+a+reference.&aulast=Slootmaker&pid=%3Cauthor%3ESlootmaker+SM%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E18266793%3C%2FAN%3E		EMGO Institute, Department of Public and Occupational Health, and Body@Work Research Center Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

P. Smedgård, B. Kristensson, I. Kruse and L. Ryden	1987	Rate-responsive pacing by means of activity sensing versus single rate ventricular pacing: a double-blind cross-over study		Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE			10		4 Pt 1	902-15						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Rate-responsive pacing by means of activity sensing versus single rate ventricular pacing: a double-blind cross-over study								Pubmed 2441374						CN-00049310				The clinical applicability of rate-responsive pacing (RRP) by means of activity sensing has been tested in 15 patients. The patients (ages 24-85) had sinus node dysfunction (2), atrial fibrillation (7), or sinus rhythm (6) combined with complete atrioventricular block. Exercise capacity was investigated on a bicycle ergometer and on a treadmill in a double-blind cross-over study design following one week each of fixed rate ventricular pacing (70 bpm) and rate-responsive pacing (60/125-150 bpm). The patients answered a questionnaire concerning subjective symptoms. A Holter ECG was recorded during 24 hours of all day activity on rate-responsive pacing. During exercise in the rate-responsive mode, heart rate increased more on the treadmill than on the bicycle. A majority of the patients (13 of 15) preferred rate-responsive pacing mainly due to less dyspnea and tiredness. Exercise capacity improved significantly both on bicycle (+7%; p less than 0.01) and on treadmill (+19%; p less than 0.01) during rate-responsive pacing. There were no complications during the follow-up period. In conclusion, the activity-sensing pacemaker is a valuable supplement to existing types of pacemakers. It should be used in patients in whom an atrial electrogram cannot be used for rate triggering.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/310/CN-00049310/frame.html										
B. Smith, E. Walleghen, G. Cook-Wiens, R. Martin, C. Curry, D. Sullivan, C. Gibson and J. Donnelly	2009	Comparison of two self-directed weight loss interventions: limited weekly support vs. no outside support		Obesity research & clinical practice			3		3	149-57						Journal: Article		Comparison of two self-directed weight loss interventions: limited weekly support vs. no outside support														CN-00754853				Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of two home-based weight loss interventions that differ only in the amount of outside support provided. Methods: This was a 12-week, randomized, controlled trial. One group received limited support (LWS, n = 35) via a single 10 min phone call each week while another group received no weekly support (NWS, n = 28). Both the LWS and NWS received pre-packaged meals (PM) and shakes. A third group served as control (CON, n = 30) and received no components of the intervention. Weight loss at 12 weeks was the primary outcome. Diet (PM, shake, and fruit/vegetable (F/V) intake) and physical activity (PA) were self-monitored, recorded daily and reported weekly. An exit survey was completed by participants in the intervention groups upon completion of the study. Results: Weight loss and percent weight loss in the LWS, NWS, and CON groups were 7.7 +/- 4.4 kg (8.5 +/- 4.2%), 5.9 +/- 4.1 kg (6.0 +/- 4.2%), and 0.3 +/- 1.9 kg (0.4 +/- 1.2%), respectively. The decrease in body weight and percent weight loss was significantly greater in the LWS and NWS groups when compared to the CON group and the percent weight loss was significantly greater in the LWS when compared to both the NWS and CON groups. Conclusion: A home-based weight loss program utilizing PM and shakes results in clinically significant percent weight loss and the addition of a brief weekly call promotes additional percent weight loss. copyright 2009 Asian Oceanian Association for the Study of Obesity. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B. V., Amsterdam. All Rights Reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/853/CN-00754853/frame.html										
D. G. Smith, E. Domholdt, K. L. Coleman, M. A. Del Aguila and D. A. Boone	2004	Ambulatory activity in men with diabetes: relationship between self-reported and real-world performance-based measures		Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development			41		4	571-80					Jul	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Ambulatory activity in men with diabetes: relationship between self-reported and real-world performance-based measures	J Rehabil Res Dev	1938-1352												15558385				The measurement of physical activity, especially walking activity, is important for many outcome studies. In many investigations, the Physical Activity scale of the short-form-36 (SF-36) health assessment questionnaire is used in lieu of an actual physical measurement of walking. This study determined the relationship between the SF-36 questionnaire and the Step Activity Monitor (SAM), a real-world performance-based tool that counts the actual number of steps taken during daily activities. We studied the physical activity of 57 men with diabetes using step count monitoring and the SF-36 questionnaire. The subjects averaged 3,293 steps/day, but had a very wide range (111-11,654) and a large standard deviation (SD = 2,037). The correlations between total daily steps and the SF-36 Physical Component Summary score, and the Physical Function, Bodily Pain, and Vitality scales of the SF-36 were only fair (Pearson's r = 0.376, 0.488, 0.332, 0.380, respectively). The corresponding coefficients of determination range from only 7.7% to 23.8%. Physical activity is a complex concept not completely represented by either the SF-36 or the step counts. The correlation between actual walking activity and the SF-36 is not as strong as many researchers believe. Caution should be exercised with the use of the SF-36 to specifically measure walking activity.	Smith, Douglas G
Domholdt, Elizabeth
Coleman, Kim L
Del Aguila, Michael A
Boone, David A		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15558385http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:15558385&id=doi:&issn=0748-7711&volume=41&issue=4&spage=571&pages=571-80&date=2004&title=Journal+of+Rehabilitation+Research+%26+Development&atitle=Ambulatory+activity+in+men+with+diabetes%3A+relationship+between+self-reported+and+real-world+performance-based+measures.&aulast=Smith&pid=%3Cauthor%3ESmith+DG%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E15558385%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Prosthetics Research Study, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104-2942, USA. dgsmith@u.washington.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. Smith, D. Field, S. Bingaman, R. Evans and D. Mauger	2013	Safety and tolerability of low-dose naltrexone therapy in children with moderate to severe Crohn's disease: a pilot study		Journal of clinical gastroenterology			47		4	339-45						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Safety and tolerability of low-dose naltrexone therapy in children with moderate to severe Crohn's disease: a pilot study								Pubmed 23188075						CN-00870575				BACKGROUND: There is an unmet need for safe and effective medicines to treat children with Crohn's disease. Recently, investigations have shown an association between endogenous opioid peptides and inflammatory cells. AIMS: The aims of this study were to evaluate the safety and tolerability of an opioid antagonist, naltrexone, in children with moderate to severe Crohn's disease. METHODS: A pilot clinical trial was conducted in children with moderate to severe Crohn's disease. Fourteen subjects with a mean age of 12.3 years (range, 8 to 17 y) were enrolled. Children were randomized to placebo or naltrexone (0.1 mg/kg) orally for 8 weeks followed by open-labeled treatment with 8 additional weeks of naltrexone. Safety and toxicity were monitored by physical examinations and blood chemistries. Clinical activity was assessed by the Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (PCDAI) and Quality of life was monitored by the Impact III survey. RESULTS: Oral naltrexone was well tolerated without any serious adverse events in children with moderate to severe Crohn's disease. PCDAI scores significantly decreased from pretreatment values (34.2±3.3) with an 8-week course of naltrexone therapy (21.7±3.9) (P=0.005). Twenty-five percent of those treated with naltrexone were considered in remission (score ?10) and 67% had improved with mild disease activity (decrease in PCDAI score by at least 10 points) at the end of the study. Systemic and social quality of life improved with naltrexone treatment (P=0.035). CONCLUSIONS: Naltrexone therapy seems safe with limited toxicity when given to children with Crohn's disease and may reduce disease activity.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/575/CN-00870575/frame.html										
K. M. Smith, R. C. Foster and C. G. Campbell	2011	Accuracy of physical activity assessment during pregnancy: an observational study		BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth			11			86						Evaluation Studies
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Accuracy of physical activity assessment during pregnancy: an observational study	BMC Pregnancy Childbirth	1471-2393					PMC3221627							22039863				BACKGROUND: Prenatal physical activity may improve maternal and infant health and lower future disease risk for both mother and baby; however, very few physical activity assessment methods have been validated for use during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a subjective physical activity record (PAR) and an objective activity monitor, against a reference standard to quantify moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in pregnant women. The reference standard was based on participant interviews to determine if a woman was an exerciser and confirmed with information obtained from the PAR and a heart rate monitor.
METHODS: Fifty-two pregnant women completed a physical activity record (PAR) and wore a SenseWear Mini Armband (SWA) activity monitor over a 7-day period at 18 weeks gestation. Total minutes spent in MVPA were totaled from both modalities and evaluated against the reference standard using contingency analysis and Pearson's chi-square test to evaluate the number of women meeting minimum prenatal physical activity recommendations (at least 3, 30 minute sessions of exercise per week). Both modalities were also tested individually and collectively to assess their ability as indicators of activity using empirically determined cut-offs as indicated by receiver-operator characteristic curves. These experimentally-derived criteria were also tested with Pearson's chi-square test.
RESULTS: According to the reference standard, 13 of 52 participants (25%) met the criterion of 3, 30 minute sessions of volitional, moderate-intensity activity. When compared to the reference standard, both the PAR and SWA overestimated exercise status; 42 (81%) and 52 (100%) participants, respectively, achieved 90 minutes of MVPA (P < 0.0001 for both comparisons). Single-modality predictors of MVPA did not show a significant correlation. A composite predictor of MVPA offered the most favorable option for sensitivity and specificity (true positives, n = 8 and true negatives, n = 36) using cut-offs of 280 and 385 minutes/week for the PAR and SWA, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Compared to the reference standard, time spent in MVPA obtained from the PAR or SWA overestimated the prevalence of women meeting prenatal exercise recommendations. The most accurate predictor of women meeting current prenatal exercise guidelines was identified by using the PAR and SWA collectively.	Smith, Katie M
Foster, Randal C
Campbell, Christina G		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22039863http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22039863&id=doi:10.1186%2F1471-2393-11-86&issn=1471-2393&volume=11&issue=1&spage=86&pages=86&date=2011&title=BMC+Pregnancy+%26+Childbirth&atitle=Accuracy+of+physical+activity+assessment+during+pregnancy%3A+an+observational+study.&aulast=Smith&pid=%3Cauthor%3ESmith+KM%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22039863%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, 220 MacKay Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

K. Smith and F. Billaut	2012	Tissue oxygenation in men and women during repeated-sprint exercise		International journal of sports physiology and performance			7		1	59-67						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Tissue oxygenation in men and women during repeated-sprint exercise								Pubmed 22001911						CN-00882250				PURPOSE: To understand the role of O2 utilization in the sex differences of fatigue during intermittent activity, we compared the cerebral (prefrontal lobe) and muscle (vastus lateralis) oxygenation of men and women during repeated-sprint exercise (RSE). METHODS: Ten men and 10 women matched for initial-sprint mechanical work performed ten, 10 s cycle sprints (with 30 s of rest) under normoxic (NM: 21% FIO2) and acute hypoxic (HY: 13% FIO2) conditions in a randomized single-blind and crossover design. Mechanical work was calculated and arterial O2 saturation (SpO2) was estimated via pulse oximetry during every sprint. Cerebral and muscle oxy- (O2Hb) and deoxy-hemoglobin (HHb) were monitored continuously by near-infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS: Compared with NM, work decrement was accentuated (P = 0.01) in HY for both men (-16.4 ± 10.3%) and women (-16.8 ± 9.0%). This was associated with lower SpO2 and lower cerebral ?[O2Hb] in both sexes (-13.6 ± 7.5%, P = .008, and -134.5 ± 73.8%, P = .003, respectively). These HY-induced changes were nearly identical in these men and women matched for initial-sprint work. Muscle ?[HHb] increased 9-fold (P = .009) and 5-fold (P = .02) in men and women, respectively, and plateaued. This muscle deoxygenation was not exacerbated in HY. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that men and women matched for initial-sprint work experience similar levels of fatigue and systemic, cerebral, and peripheral adjustments during RSE performed in NM and HY. These data suggest that cerebral deoxygenation imposes a limitation to repeated-sprint performance.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/250/CN-00882250/frame.html										
K. Smith, H. Arthur, R. McKelvie and J. Kodis	2004	Differences in sustainability of exercise and health-related quality of life outcomes following home or hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation		European journal of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation			11		4	313-9						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Differences in sustainability of exercise and health-related quality of life outcomes following home or hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation								Pubmed 15292765						CN-00560096				BACKGROUND: Home-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has been demonstrated to be as effective as institution-based CR in post-coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) patients in terms of short-term physical and psychosocial outcomes. The sustainability of these effects is less well studied. The aim of this study was to examine the sustainability of observed changes in physical, quality of life (HRQL), and social support (SS) outcomes in patients 12 months after discharge from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of 6 months of monitored home-based versus supervised hospital-based CR. DESIGN: Two-hundred and twenty-two (n=222) patients were followed-up 12 months after discharge from a RCT of 6 months of monitored 'Home' versus supervised 'Hospital' CR after CABG. METHODS: At discharge from the 6-month RCT, participants who consented to the 12-month follow-up study, were given individualized guidelines for ongoing exercise, and were not contacted for 1 year. The primary outcome was peak oxygen uptake (VO2). Secondary outcomes were: HRQL, SS and habitual physical activity. RESULTS: One hundred and ninety-eight patients (89.2%), 102 'Hospital' and 96 'Home', returned for follow-up 12-months after discharge from CR. Both groups had similar medical and socio-demographic characteristics. Peak VO2 declined in 'Hospital' but was sustained in 'Home' patients 12 months after discharge from CR (P=0.002). Physical HRQL was higher in the 'Home' group at the 12-month follow-up (P<0.01). Mental HRQL showed general, minor deterioration over time in both groups (P=0.019). Twelve months after discharge from CR, physical and mental HRQL remained higher than at entry to CR in both groups. 'Home' patients had higher habitual physical activity scores compared to 'Hospital' patients. CONCLUSIONS: This follow-up study suggests that low-risk patients whose CR is initiated in the home environment may be more likely to sustain positive physical and psychosocial changes over time than patients whose program is initially institution-based.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/096/CN-00560096/frame.html										
K. Smith, R. McKelvie, K. Thorpe and H. Arthur	2011	Six-year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial examining hospital versus home-based exercise training after coronary artery bypass graft surgery		Heart (British Cardiac Society)			97		14	1169-74						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Six-year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial examining hospital versus home-based exercise training after coronary artery bypass graft surgery								Pubmed 21561899						CN-00800097				OBJECTIVE: To compare the long-term effectiveness of hospital versus telephone-monitored home-based exercise training during cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on exercise capacity and habitual physical activity. DESIGN: Six-year follow-up of patients who participated in a randomised controlled trial of hospital versus monitored home-based exercise training during CR after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. SETTING: Outpatient CR centre in Central-South Ontario, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: 196 Patients who participated in the original randomised controlled trial and who attended an evaluation 1 year after CR. INTERVENTIONS: 6 months of home or hospital-based exercise training during CR. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Peak oxygen uptake (peak Vo?), Physical Activity Scale in the Elderly (PASE) to assess habitual activity, semi-structured interviews to assess vital status, demographic and descriptive information. RESULTS: Of the 196 eligible patients, 144 (75.5%; 74 Hospital, 70 Home) were available for participation. Patients were predominantly male (n = 120; 83.3%) aged 70 ± 9.5 years. Clinical and sociodemographic outcomes were similar in both groups. While exercise performance declined over time, there were significant between-group differences in peak Vo?) (1506 ± 418 ml/min vs 1393 ± 341 ml/min; p = 0.017) and PASE scores (166.7 ± 90.2 vs 139.7 ± 66.5; p = 0.001) at 6-year follow-up in favour of the home group. CONCLUSIONS: Home and hospital-based exercise training maintained exercise capacity above pre-CR levels 6 years after CR. Exercise training initiated in the home environment in low-risk patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery conferred greater long-term benefit on Vo? and persistent physical activity compared with traditional hospital-based CR.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/097/CN-00800097/frame.html										
S. R. Smith, J. C. Rublein, C. Marcus, T. P. Brock and M. A. Chesney	2003	A medication self-management program to improve adherence to HIV therapy regimens		Patient Education & Counseling			50		2	187-99					Jun	Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		A medication self-management program to improve adherence to HIV therapy regimens	Patient Educ Couns	0738-3991												12781934				This study examined whether a self-management intervention based on feedback of adherence performance and principles of social cognitive theory improves adherence to antiretroviral dosing schedules. Forty-three individuals with HIV/AIDS who were starting or switching to a new protease inhibitor regimen were randomly assigned to be in a medication self-management program or usual care control group. The self-management program included skills development exercises, three monthly visits for medication consultations, and monthly feedback of adherence performance using electronic monitors on medication bottles. Participants also completed a 40-item questionnaire that measured self-efficacy to take medications, on schedule, in a variety of situations. Logistic regression analysis indicated that individuals in the self-management group were significantly more likely to take 80% or more of their doses each week than individuals in the control group (n=29, OR=7.8, 95% CI=2.2-28.1). Self-management training with feedback of adherence performance is a potentially useful model for improving adherence to complex regimens in HIV/AIDS care.	Smith, Scott R
Rublein, John C
Marcus, Cheryl
Brock, Tina Penick
Chesney, Margaret A
RR00046 (United States NCRR NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12781934http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:12781934&id=doi:&issn=0738-3991&volume=50&issue=2&spage=187&pages=187-99&date=2003&title=Patient+Education+%26+Counseling&atitle=A+medication+self-management+program+to+improve+adherence+to+HIV+therapy+regimens.&aulast=Smith&pid=%3Cauthor%3ESmith+SR%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E12781934%3C%2FAN%3E		School of Pharmacy, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Beard Hall, Campus Box #7360, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA. ssmith@unc.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. Smith, J. Rublein, C. Marcus, T. Brock and M. Chesney	2003	A medication self-management program to improve adherence to HIV therapy regimens		Patient education and counseling			50		2	187-99						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		A medication self-management program to improve adherence to HIV therapy regimens								Pubmed 12781934						CN-00488732				This study examined whether a self-management intervention based on feedback of adherence performance and principles of social cognitive theory improves adherence to antiretroviral dosing schedules. Forty-three individuals with HIV/AIDS who were starting or switching to a new protease inhibitor regimen were randomly assigned to be in a medication self-management program or usual care control group. The self-management program included skills development exercises, three monthly visits for medication consultations, and monthly feedback of adherence performance using electronic monitors on medication bottles. Participants also completed a 40-item questionnaire that measured self-efficacy to take medications, on schedule, in a variety of situations. Logistic regression analysis indicated that individuals in the self-management group were significantly more likely to take 80% or more of their doses each week than individuals in the control group (n=29, OR=7.8, 95% CI=2.2-28.1). Self-management training with feedback of adherence performance is a potentially useful model for improving adherence to complex regimens in HIV/AIDS care.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/732/CN-00488732/frame.html										
E. Snook, R. Motl and R. Gliottoni	2009	The effect of walking mobility on the measurement of physical activity using accelerometry in multiple sclerosis		Clinical rehabilitation			23		3	248-58						Controlled Clinical Trial;		The effect of walking mobility on the measurement of physical activity using accelerometry in multiple sclerosis								Pubmed 19218299						CN-00701035				OBJECTIVE: To examine whether accelerometry provides a measure of physical activity, walking ability or both in a sample of individuals with multiple sclerosis. The secondary purpose was to examine the validity of physical activity measures in people with multiple sclerosis who have ambulatory impairments. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-two individuals with multiple sclerosis without ambulatory impairment (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score < or = 4.5) and 32 individuals with multiple sclerosis with ambulatory impairment (EDSS > or = 5.0). METHOD: Participants completed the Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 and Performance Scales, wore an accelerometer for seven days, and completed the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire and short-form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS: There were significant differences between groups on scores from the five measures. There were large correlations between the accelerometer counts with scores from both the self-report measures of physical activity and the self-report measures of walking mobility in the overall sample. There were large correlations between scores from both measures of physical activity in the overall sample and the subsample with ambulatory impairment. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that accelerometers are measuring both physical activity and walking mobility in individuals with multiple sclerosis, whereas self-report measures are measuring physical activity in individuals with multiple sclerosis, including those with ambulatory impairment.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/035/CN-00701035/frame.html										
Y. Son	2008	[The development and effects of an integrated symptom management program for prevention of recurrent cardiac events after percutaneous coronary intervention]		Taehan Kanho Hakhoe chi			38		2	217-28						Controlled Clinical Trial; English Abstract; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		[The development and effects of an integrated symptom management program for prevention of recurrent cardiac events after percutaneous coronary intervention]								Pubmed 18458518						CN-00667237				PURPOSE: This study was conducted to develop and to determine the effects of an integrated symptom management program for prevention of recurrent cardiac events after percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS: Subjects consisted of 58 CAD patients (experimental group: 30, control group: 28). The experimental group participated in an integrated symptom management program for 6 months which was composed of tailored education, stress management, exercise, diet, deep breathing, music therapy, periodical telephone monitoring and a daily log. The control group received the usual care. RESULTS: The experimental group significantly decreased symptom experiences and the level of LDL compared to the control group. The experimental group significantly increased self care activity and quality of life compared to the control group. Although no significant difference was found in cardiac recurrence, the experimental group had fewer recurrences. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that an integrated symptom management program for prevention of recurrent cardiac events after percutaneous coronary intervention can improve symptom aggravation, recurrent rate, self care activity and quality of life. Nursing interventions are needed to maintain and further enhance the quality of life of these patients and the interventions should be implemented in the overall transition period.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/237/CN-00667237/frame.html										
R. Souhami, S. Spiro, R. Rudd, d. E. M. Ruiz, L. James, N. Gower, A. Lamont and P. Harper	1997	Five-day oral etoposide treatment for advanced small-cell lung cancer: randomized comparison with intravenous chemotherapy		Journal of the National Cancer Institute			89		8	577-80						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Five-day oral etoposide treatment for advanced small-cell lung cancer: randomized comparison with intravenous chemotherapy								Pubmed 9106647						CN-00138694				BACKGROUND: Oral etoposide is an active single agent in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and is widely prescribed as first-line treatment as an alternative to intravenous combination chemotherapy in patients with extensive disease. PURPOSE: The intention of this study was to determine if the effects of oral etoposide therapy on survival and quality of life are equivalent to those of intravenous chemotherapy. METHODS: In a randomized trial of palliative treatment in advanced SCLC, oral etoposide (100 mg given twice daily for 5 days) was compared with intravenous chemotherapy consisting of alternating cycles of cisplatin and etoposide (PE) and cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine (CAV). Six cycles of chemotherapy were administered every 21 days in both regimens. Symptom control and quality of life were measured with the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist and a daily diary card. In January 1996, after 155 patients had been randomly assigned from a projected intake of 365 patients, an independent Data Monitoring Committee examined the interim results. Survival was determined by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the logrank test was used to compare treatments. For quality-of-life comparisons, average scores were calculated for each time point. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine any significant overall differences between treatments. For the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist, separate analyses were done for each subset (psychological well-being, physical symptoms, lung cancer symptoms, treatment symptoms, activity, and quality of life). Response rates and toxicity scores were compared by using chi2. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: Survival was inferior at 1 year in the oral etoposide group compared with intravenous therapy (9.8% for oral versus 19.3% for intravenous; difference = 9.5%; 95% confidence interval of difference = 0.3%-18.7%; P<.05), and there was a trend toward inferior overall survival. Median survival was 4.8 months for oral treatment and 5.9 months for intravenous therapy. Progression-free survival was worse in the oral etoposide arm (median = 3.6 months versus 5.6 months; P<.001), as well as overall response rate (32.9% versus 46.3%; P<.01). With the exception of acute nausea and vomiting associated with intravenous chemotherapy, all aspects of symptom control and quality of life were either the same or worse in the oral etoposide group. Study closure was recommended. CONCLUSIONS: These interim results show that this schedule of oral etoposide is inferior to intravenous chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced SCLC and should not be used as first-line treatment of this disease.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/694/CN-00138694/frame.html										
N. Souissi, B. Sesboue, A. Gauthier, J. Larue and D. Davenne	2003	Effects of one night's sleep deprivation on anaerobic performance the following day		European journal of applied physiology			89		3-4	359-66						Journal: Article		Effects of one night's sleep deprivation on anaerobic performance the following day														CN-00474060				The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of one night's sleep deprivation on anaerobic performance in the morning and afternoon of the following day. Thirteen healthy males were studied twice in a balanced, randomized design. The experiment consisted of two conditions 1 week apart. In the sleep deprivation condition (SDN) subjects remained awake overnight and in the control condition (reference night, RN) the same subjects slept at home, retiring between 2230 and 2330 hours, as decided individually, and rising at 0500 hours. In both conditions, activity, sleep and diet were monitored by actimetry and daily activity and dietary diaries. Physical performance testing was carried out at 0600 hours and at 1800 hours after the one night of sleep and the one night of sleep deprivation. At each test occasion, subjects were measured for maximal power (P<sub>max</sub>), peak power (P<sub>peak</sub>) and mean power (P<sub>mean</sub>). Blood lactate concentrations were measured at rest, at the end of the force-velocity (F-V) test, just before and just after the Wingate test and again 5 min later. Oral temperatures were measured every 2 h. In both conditions, the results showed a circadian rhythm in temperature. Analysis of variance revealed a significant (sleep x time of day of test) interaction effect on P<sub>peak</sub>, P<sub>mean</sub> and P<sub>max</sub>. These variables improved significantly from morning to afternoon after RN and SDN. The reference night was followed by a greater improvement than the SDN. Up to 24 h of waking, anaerobic power variables were not affected; however, they were impaired after 36 h without sleep. Analysis of variance revealed that blood lactate concentrations were unaffected by sleep loss, by time of day of testing or by the interaction of the two. In conclusion, sleep deprivation reduced the difference between morning and afternoon in anaerobic power variables. Anaerobic performances were unaffected after 24 h of wakefulness but were impaired after 36 h without sleep.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/060/CN-00474060/frame.html										
D. Southard and B. Southard	2006	Promoting physical activity in children with MetaKenkoh		Clinical and investigative medicine. Médecine clinique et experimentale			29		5	293-7						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Promoting physical activity in children with MetaKenkoh								Pubmed 17144438						CN-00574176				PURPOSE: Over 15% of children aged 6 to 11 yr are overweight, more than three times as high as a generation earlier. Overweight children are at higher risk for diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and orthopedic problems, as well as psychological problems. Overweight children are also more likely to become overweight adults, with higher risks for heart disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, and some types of cancers. In response to this epidemic, Health Management Consultants of VA, Inc., funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, developed MetaKenkoh, an Internet-based, activity-contingent game for children 9-11 yr of age. The game promotes physical activity through the use of pedometers that are used to relate game performance to children's own daily activity. METHODS: We conducted a clinical trial in which children aged 9-11 were randomized to groups that either played the game (Intervention Group - IG) or that monitored only (Control Group - CG). RESULTS: Preliminary data indicate that underweight and normal weight children in the IG (n=22) show an increase in activity at one week, as measured by pedometer, whereas there is a drop in steps reported by children in the CG (n=24). In the overweight and at-risk groups, both the IG (n=16) and the CG (n=15) show a slight increase in activity levels. CONCLUSION: Activity-contingent games may have the potential to facilitate increased physical activity in children. However, more research is needed in order to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/176/CN-00574176/frame.html										
A. D. Speelman, M. van Nimwegen, G. F. Borm, B. R. Bloem and M. Munneke	2011	Monitoring of walking in Parkinson's disease: validation of an ambulatory activity monitor		Parkinsonism & Related Disorders			17		5	402-4					Jun	Letter
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Monitoring of walking in Parkinson's disease: validation of an ambulatory activity monitor	Parkinsonism Relat Disord	1873-5126												21367643					Speelman, A D
van Nimwegen, M
Borm, G F
Bloem, B R
Munneke, M		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21367643http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21367643&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.parkreldis.2011.02.006&issn=1353-8020&volume=17&issue=5&spage=402&pages=402-4&date=2011&title=Parkinsonism+%26+Related+Disorders&atitle=Monitoring+of+walking+in+Parkinson%27s+disease%3A+validation+of+an+ambulatory+activity+monitor.&aulast=Speelman&pid=%3Cauthor%3ESpeelman+AD%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21367643%3C%2FAN%3E								MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

B. Spring, J. Duncan, E. Janke, A. Kozak, H. McFadden, A. DeMott, A. Pictor, L. Epstein, J. Siddique, C. Pellegrini, J. Buscemi and D. Hedeker	2013	Integrating technology into standard weight loss treatment: a randomized controlled trial		JAMA internal medicine			173		2	105-11						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Integrating technology into standard weight loss treatment: a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 23229890						CN-00848278				BACKGROUND: A challenge in intensive obesity treatment is making care scalable. Little is known about whether the outcome of physician-directed weight loss treatment can be improved by adding mobile technology. METHODS: We conducted a 2-arm, 12-month study (October 1, 2007, through September 31, 2010). Seventy adults (body mass index >25 and ?40 [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared]) were randomly assigned either to standard-of-care group treatment alone (standard group) or to the standard and connective mobile technology system (+mobile group). Participants attended biweekly weight loss groups held by the Veterans Affairs outpatient clinic. The +mobile group was provided personal digital assistants to self-monitor diet and physical activity; they also received biweekly coaching calls for 6 months. Weight was measured at baseline and at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-up. RESULTS: Sixty-nine adults received intervention (mean age, 57.7 years; 85.5% were men). A longitudinal intent-to-treat analysis indicated that the +mobile group lost a mean of 3.9 kg more (representing 3.1% more weight loss relative to the control group; 95% CI, 2.2-5.5 kg) than the standard group at each postbaseline time point. Compared with the standard group, the +mobile group had significantly greater odds of having lost 5% or more of their baseline weight at each postbaseline time point (odds ratio, 6.5; 95% CI, 2.5-18.6). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of a personal digital assistant and telephone coaching can enhance short-term weight loss in combination with an existing system of care. Mobile connective technology holds promise as a scalable mechanism for augmenting the effect of physician-directed weight loss treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00371462.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/278/CN-00848278/frame.html										
B. Spring, K. Schneider, H. McFadden, J. Vaughn, A. Kozak, M. Smith, A. Moller, L. Epstein, A. Demott, D. Hedeker, J. Siddique and D. Lloyd-Jones	2012	Multiple behavior changes in diet and activity: a randomized controlled trial using mobile technology		Archives of internal medicine			172		10	789-96						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Multiple behavior changes in diet and activity: a randomized controlled trial using mobile technology								Pubmed 22636824						CN-00840335				BACKGROUND: Many patients exhibit multiple chronic disease risk behaviors. Research provides little information about advice that can maximize simultaneous health behavior changes. METHODS: To test which combination of diet and activity advice maximizes healthy change, we randomized 204 adults with elevated saturated fat and low fruit and vegetable intake, high sedentary leisure time, and low physical activity to 1 of 4 treatments: increase fruit/vegetable intake and physical activity, decrease fat and sedentary leisure, decrease fat and increase physical activity, and increase fruit/vegetable intake and decrease sedentary leisure. Treatments provided 3 weeks of remote coaching supported by mobile decision support technology and financial incentives. During treatment, incentives were contingent on using the mobile device to self-monitor and attain behavioral targets; during follow-up, incentives were contingent only on recording. The outcome was standardized, composite improvement on the 4 diet and activity behaviors at the end of treatment and at 5-month follow-up. RESULTS: Of the 204 individuals randomized, 200 (98.0%) completed follow-up. The increase fruits/vegetables and decrease sedentary leisure treatments improved more than the other 3 treatments (P < .001). Specifically, daily fruit/vegetable intake increased from 1.2 servings to 5.5 servings, sedentary leisure decreased from 219.2 minutes to 89.3 minutes, and saturated fat decreased from 12.0% to 9.5% of calories consumed. Differences between treatment groups were maintained through follow-up. Traditional dieting (decrease fat and increase physical activity) improved less than the other 3 treatments (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Remote coaching supported by mobile technology and financial incentives holds promise to improve diet and activity. Targeting fruits/vegetables and sedentary leisure together maximizes overall adoption and maintenance of multiple healthy behavior changes.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/335/CN-00840335/frame.html										
J. Staessen, R. Fiocchi, R. Bouillon, R. Fagard, P. Hespel, P. Lijnen, E. Moerman and A. Amery	1988	Effects of opioid antagonism on the haemodynamic and hormonal responses to exercise		Clinical science (London, England : 1979)			75		3	293-300						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Effects of opioid antagonism on the haemodynamic and hormonal responses to exercise								Pubmed 2843314						CN-00055645				1. Physical effort involves, along with an increase in the plasma concentration of beta-endorphin, profound adaptations of the circulation and the endocrine system. The effects of opioid antagonism on the responses of blood pressure, heart rate and several hormones to exercise were therefore studied in 10 normal men. They exercised in the supine position up to 33% and 66% of their maximal exercise capacity and received in a randomized double-blind cross-over protocol, either saline or naloxone (10 mg intravenously, followed by a continuous infusion of 10 mg/h). 2. Intra-arterial pressure and heart rate were continuously monitored, but were not affected by naloxone. 3. At rest, opioid antagonism produced a rise in plasma renin activity and in plasma adrenocorticotropin, cortisol and aldosterone, but only the stimulation of the two adrenocortical hormones differed significantly from the control experiments; at rest naloxone also prevented the fall in plasma adrenaline, which occurred with saline infusion. Furthermore, the exercise-induced rises in plasma angiotensin II, aldosterone, cortisol, noradrenaline and adrenaline were higher on naloxone than on saline, while a similar tendency was also present for the increases with exercise in plasma renin activity and plasma adrenocorticotropin. Neither at rest nor during exercise did opioid antagonism alter plasma lactate and glucose and serum insulin and growth hormone. 4. In conclusion, (1) endogenous opioids are not involved in the responses of blood pressure and heart rate to supine exercise; (2) at rest and during exercise, the endogenous opioids inhibit the secretion of adrenocorticotropin, aldosterone, cortisol, noradrenaline and adrenaline; (3) they also inhibit the plasma renin-angiotensin II system indirectly via the catecholamines.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/645/CN-00055645/frame.html										
R. Stamler, J. Stamler, F. Gosch, J. Civinelli, J. Fishman, P. McKeever, A. McDonald and A. Dyer	1989	Primary prevention of hypertension by nutritional-hygienic means. Final report of a randomized, controlled trial		Jama			262		13	1801-7						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Primary prevention of hypertension by nutritional-hygienic means. Final report of a randomized, controlled trial								Pubmed 2778913						CN-00062462				A 5-year trial involving 201 men and women with high-normal blood pressure at baseline demonstrated the ability to reduce the incidence of hypertension in participants randomized to nutritional-hygienic intervention compared with a control group. The incidence of hypertension was 8.8% among 102 intervention group participants vs 19.2% among 99 control group members. The odds ratio for the incidence of hypertension in the control group was 2.4. Mean trial blood pressure also was lower in the intervention compared with the control group (-1.2 and -1.9 mm Hg, respectively, for diastolic blood pressure at work-site and office visits and -1.3 and -2.0 mm Hg, respectively, for systolic blood pressure at the two sites). Net weight loss in the intervention group averaged 2.7 kg during the trial; sodium intake was reduced by 25% and reported alcohol intake decreased by 30%. The majority of intervention participants also reported an increase in physical activity. Effect on blood pressure was related particularly to degree of weight loss. Results indicate that even a moderate reduction in risk factors for hypertension among hypertension-prone individuals contributes to the primary prevention of the disease.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/462/CN-00062462/frame.html										
R. Stamler, J. Stamler, F. Gosch and A. McDonald	1984	Primary prevention of hypertension--a randomized controlled trial		Annals of clinical research			16 Suppl 43			136-42						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Primary prevention of hypertension--a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 6398983						CN-00178129				Nutritional-hygienic intervention is a key strategy in the control of hypertension through primary prevention. To test the efficacy of this approach, 201 men and women were selected to participate in a randomized controlled trial on the primary prevention of hypertension. Individuals were taken into the trial if their diastolic blood pressure at entry was 80-89 mm Hg with either relative weight 1.10-1.49 or heart rate of 80 or greater. Half of the eligible persons were randomized into the monitored group and half were randomized into the intervention group receiving individual intervention to achieve a weight loss of 10 or more lbs (greater than or equal to 4.5 kg), to reduce Na intake to 75 mmol (1800 mg), to limit alcohol intake to no more than 2 drinks per day (26 g) and to engage in regular moderate physical activity. At two years, the 75 participants of the intervention group showed a mean weight loss of 5.2 lbs. among those initially overweight, a mean reduction in Na intake of 44% of goal and a moderate reduction of alcohol intake. Self-reported exercise had also increased and was reflected in the larger decrease in mean heart rate compared with the monitored group. Diastolic blood pressure was only slightly lower among the intervention group compared to the monitored group, but was an additional 4.0 mm Hg lower among those intervention participants achieving weight loss and reduction in Na intake greater than the median for the group. In addition, at two years, a rise in diastolic blood pressure sufficient to require antihypertensive medication occurred in 5 participants of the control group compared to 0 of the intervention group. At three years, 11 monitored and 3 intervention group participants required antihypertensive medication.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/129/CN-00178129/frame.html										
B. Steele, B. Belza, K. Cain, J. Coppersmith, S. Lakshminarayan, J. Howard and J. Haselkorn	2008	A randomized clinical trial of an activity and exercise adherence intervention in chronic pulmonary disease		Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation			89		3	404-12						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		A randomized clinical trial of an activity and exercise adherence intervention in chronic pulmonary disease								Pubmed 18295615						CN-00630332				OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of an exercise adherence intervention to maintain daily activity, adherence to exercise, and exercise capacity over 1 year after completion of an outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program. DESIGN: A 2-group, experimental design was used with randomization into intervention and usual care groups. SETTING: Outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program in a university-affiliated medical center. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred six subjects (98 men; 98 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) with a mean age of 67 years and chronic lung disease. INTERVENTION: Twelve-week adherence intervention (weekly phone calls and home visit) including counseling on establishing, monitoring, and problem-solving in maintaining a home exercise program. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes included daily activity (accelerometer), exercise adherence (exercise diary), and exercise capacity (six-minute walk test). All measures were performed at baseline, after the pulmonary rehabilitation program (8 wk), after the adherence intervention (20 wk), and at 1 year. RESULTS: A rank-based analysis of covariance showed less decline at 20 weeks in exercise adherence (intervention mean, +3 min; control mean, -13 min; P=.015) and exercise capacity (intervention mean, -10.7 m; control mean, -35.4 m; P=.023). There were no differences in daily activity at 20 weeks or any differences in any primary variable at 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention enhanced exercise adherence and exercise capacity in the short term but produced no long-term benefit. These findings are in part attributed to the disappointing measurement characteristics of the accelerometer used to measure daily activity. The intervention was acceptable to participants. Further study is needed to fashion interventions that have more persistent benefit.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/332/CN-00630332/frame.html										
R. Steele, W. Mummery and T. Dwyer	2007	Using the Internet to promote physical activity: a randomized trial of intervention delivery modes		Journal of physical activity & health			4		3	245-60						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Using the Internet to promote physical activity: a randomized trial of intervention delivery modes								Pubmed 17846455						CN-00612005				BACKGROUND: A growing number of the population are using the Internet for health information, such as physical activity (PA). The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of delivery modes for a behavior change program targeting PA. METHODS: A randomized trial was conducted with 192 subjects randomly allocated to either a face-to-face, Internet-mediated, or Internet-only arm of a 12-wk intervention. Subjects included inactive adults with Internet access. The primary outcome variable was self-reported PA, assessed at four time points. RESULTS: The results showed no group x time interaction for PA F(6, 567) = 1.64, p > 0.05, and no main effect for group F(2, 189) = 1.58, p > 0.05. However, a main effect for time F(3, 567) = 75.7, p < 0.01 was observed for each group. All groups were statistically equivalent immediately post-intervention (p < 0.05), but not at the follow-up time points (p > 0.05). The Internet-mediated and Internet-only groups showed similar increases in PA to the face-to-face group immediately post-intervention. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence in support of the Internet in the delivery of PA interventions and highlights avenues for future research.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/005/CN-00612005/frame.html										
P. Steffen, A. Sherwood, E. Gullette, A. Georgiades, A. Hinderliter and J. Blumenthal	2001	Effects of exercise and weight loss on blood pressure during daily life		Medicine and science in sports and exercise			33		10	1635-40						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Effects of exercise and weight loss on blood pressure during daily life								Pubmed 11581545						CN-00425094				PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise training and weight loss on blood pressure (BP) associated with physical activity and emotional stress during daily life. METHODS: One hundred twelve participants with unmedicated high normal or stage 1 to stage 2 hypertension were randomized to one of three conditions: a combined exercise and behavioral weight management group (WM), an exercise-only group (EX), or a wait list control group (CON). BP was assessed in the clinic and during 15 h of daytime ambulatory BP monitoring at baseline and after 6 months of treatment. RESULTS: Increased levels of physical activity and emotional distress measured during daily life were associated with increases in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), and rate pressure product (RPP). After treatment, the WM group had significantly lower DBP, HR, and RPP responses during both high and low levels of physical activity and emotional distress compared with the CON group. The EX group had similar BP levels as the WM group, although the EX group had significantly lower BP than the CON group during low but not high levels of physical activity and emotional distress. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that exercise, especially when combined with weight loss, reduces BP levels at rest and in situations that typically elevate BP such as intense physical activity and emotional distress.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/094/CN-00425094/frame.html										
R. Steffensen, P. Grande, F. Pedersen and S. Haunsø	1993	Effects of atenolol and diltiazem on exercise tolerance and ambulatory ischaemia		International journal of cardiology			40		2	143-53						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of atenolol and diltiazem on exercise tolerance and ambulatory ischaemia								Pubmed 8349377						CN-00095040				Twenty-five normotensive patients with stable angina, angiographically documented coronary disease and normal left ventricular function were randomized to a crossover study comparing atenolol 100 mg x 1, sustained-release diltiazem 120 mg x 2, and their combination. A maximal symptom limited bicycle exercise test and a 24-h ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring were performed at the end of each treatment period. Exercise duration was increased equally in the different treatment groups. Time to onset of 1-mm ST-segment depression was longer with atenolol (P < 0.02) and combination therapy (P < 0.01) than with diltiazem. The maximal ST-segment depression was decreased with atenolol (P < 0.05) and combination therapy (P < 0.02), whereas, time to onset of angina was prolonged only with combination therapy (P < 0.03). The number of ischaemic episodes during ambulatory monitoring was lower with atenolol and combination therapy than with diltiazem (P < 0.01). The difference between atenolol and diltiazem was mainly due to lower ischaemic activity with atenolol between 06:00 h and 12:00 h (P < 0.05). Anginal frequency (P < 0.01) and nitroglycerin consumption (P < 0.05) were lower with combination therapy than with monotherapy. Thus, while comparable effects were achieved on clinical variables, atenolol appeared to be more effective than diltiazem, reducing myocardial ischaemia during exercise and ambulatory monitoring. With combination therapy, both clinical and electrocardiograph signs of ischaemia were improved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/040/CN-00095040/frame.html										
D. Steinberg, D. Tate, G. Bennett, S. Ennett, C. Samuel-Hodge and D. Ward	2013	The efficacy of a daily self-weighing weight loss intervention using smart scales and e-mail		Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)			21		9	1789-97						Journal: Article		The efficacy of a daily self-weighing weight loss intervention using smart scales and e-mail														CN-00913984				Objective To examine the impact of a weight loss intervention that focused on daily self-weighing for self-monitoring as compared to a delayed control group among 91 overweight adults. Design and Methods The 6-month intervention included a cellular-connected "smart" scale for daily weighing, web-based weight loss graph, and weekly e-mails with tailored feedback and lessons. An objective measure of self-weighing frequency was obtained. Weight was measured in clinic at 3 and 6 months. Caloric intake and expenditure, and perceptions of daily self-weighing were also measured. Results Using intent-to-treat analyses, the intervention group lost significantly more weight compared to the control group [mean (95% CI); 3 months: -4.41% (-5.5, -3.3) vs. -0.37% (-1.5, 0.76); 6 months: -6.55% (-7.7, -5.4) vs. -0.35% (-1.5, 0.79); group x time interaction: P < 0.001] and a greater percentage achieved 5% (42.6% vs. 6.8%; P < 0.0001) and 10% (27.7% vs. 0%; P < 0.0001) weight loss. On average, the intervention group self-weighed more days/week (6.1 + 1.1 vs. 1.1 + 1.5; P < 0.0001) and consumed fewer calories/day compared to the control group [mean (95% CI); 6 months: 1,509 (1,291, 1,728) vs. 1,856 (1,637, 2,074); group x time interaction: P = 0.006]. Among intervention participants, daily self-weighing was perceived positively. Conclusions These results indicate that an intervention focusing on daily self-weighing can produce clinically significant weight loss. Copyright 2013 The Obesity Society.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/984/CN-00913984/frame.html										
J. Stemm and B. Jacobson	2007	Comparison of land- and aquatic-based plyometric training on vertical jump performance		Journal of strength and conditioning research			21		2	568-71						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Comparison of land- and aquatic-based plyometric training on vertical jump performance								Pubmed 17530969						CN-00589237				Plyometric training is a popular method by which athletes may increase power and explosiveness. However, plyometric training is considered a highly intense and potentially damaging activity particularly if practiced by the novice individual or if overdone. The purpose of this study was to compare vertical jump performance after land- and aquatic-based plyometric training. A convenience sample of 21 active, college-age (24 +/- 2.5 years) men were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: group I, aquatic; group II, land; and group III, control. Training for the AQ and LN groups consisted of a 10-minute warm-up followed by 3 sets of 15 squat jumps, side hops, and knee-tuck jumps separated by 1-minute rests. The aquatic group performed the exercises in knee-level water adjusted to parallel the axis of the knee joint (+1 in.). The land group performed identical plyometric exercises on land. The control group engaged in no training. Participants trained twice a week for 6 weeks, and all training sessions were monitored. Pre- and post-test data were collected on maximum vertical jump height. A 2x3 analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to compare vertical jump height among the 3 groups. Results suggested that the aquatic- and land-based groups significantly (p < 0.05) outperformed the control group in the vertical jump. No significant difference was found in vertical jump performance between the aquatic- and land-based groups. It was concluded that aquatic training resulted in similar training effects as land-based training, with a possible reduction in stress due to the reduction of impact afforded by the buoyancy and resistance of the water upon landing.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/237/CN-00589237/frame.html										
A. Steptoe, J. Moses, A. Mathews and S. Edwards	1990	Aerobic fitness, physical activity, and psychophysiological reactions to mental tasks		Psychophysiology			27		3	264-74								Aerobic fitness, physical activity, and psychophysiological reactions to mental tasks														CN-00187002				The association between aerobic fitness, exercise, and psychophysiological reactivity was assessed in cross-sectional and prospective analyses. Seventy-five healthy but sedentary adults carried out a sub-maximal exercise test and easy and difficult problem solving tasks. Blood pressure, heart rate, skin conductance level, respiration rate, tidal volume, and oxygen consumption were monitored and additional heart rate was also computed. Differences between relatively fit and unfit individuals were found in respiration rate during tasks and in skin conductance level during post-task recovery periods, with a tendency toward diminished heart rate reactivity in fitter people. Subjects were subsequently allocated to four conditions: high intensity aerobic training, moderate intensity aerobic training, an undemanding strength and flexibility program (designed as an attention-placebo condition), and waiting list control. Training programs were conducted over a 10-week period, and were followed by a second laboratory session. Appropriate changes in aerobic performance over the training period were observed in the 12-min run/walk test. There were no important modifications in psychophysiological stress reactions associated with the different experimental conditions. These results are discussed in relation to the literature concerning the effects of fitness and physical activity on physiological response patterns. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B. V., Amsterdam. All Rights Reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/002/CN-00187002/frame.html										
B. Sternfeld, C. Block, C. Quesenberry, T. Block, G. Husson, J. Norris, M. Nelson and G. Block	2009	Improving diet and physical activity with ALIVE: a worksite randomized trial		American journal of preventive medicine			36		6	475-83						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Improving diet and physical activity with ALIVE: a worksite randomized trial								Pubmed 19460655						CN-00699147				CONTEXT: Healthy diets and regular physical activity confer many health benefits, but the prevalence of these behaviors is relatively low. BACKGROUND: Cost-effective strategies are needed to increase healthy eating and physical activity in the population. DESIGN: An RCT, conducted in 2006, of a 16-week e-mail program offered individually tailored, small-step goals; a personal homepage with tips; educational materials; and tracking and simulation tools. SETTING/POPULATION: Seven hundred eighty-seven employees in the administrative offices of a large healthcare organization volunteered to participate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes were self-reported for total physical activity; moderate physical activity (MPA); vigorous physical activity (VPA); walking; sedentary behavior; and intake of fruits and vegetables, saturated and trans fats, and added sugars in the intervention group compared to the control group. RESULTS: In intent-to-treat analyses (conducted in 2007 and 2008) that set change in nonresponders to the follow-up questionnaire to zero, the intervention group reported increases of 28.0 minutes/week (min/wk) of MPA (SE=7.4, p=0.0002); 12.5 min/wk of VPA (SE=5.7, p=0.03); and 21.5 min/wk of walking (SE=5.5, p=0.0003) relative to the control group. Intake of both saturated and trans fats (grams/day [g/day]) declined (beta=-0.95, SE=0.36, p=0.01; beta=-0.29, SE=0.12, p=0.02, respectively). The consumption of fruits and vegetables increased significantly (p=0.03), and the consumption of added sugars decreased marginally (p=0.08). The largest changes were in participants who did not meet behavioral recommendations at baseline (increase of 55.4 min/wk of MPA and decrease of 1.15 g/day of trans fats, relative to the control group). Differences between the intervention and control groups were still observed 4 months after the intervention ended. CONCLUSIONS: ALIVE is an effective program for achieving significant improvement in diet and physical activity. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT00607009.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/147/CN-00699147/frame.html										
B. Sternfeld, A. LaCroix, B. Caan, A. Dunn, K. Newton, S. Reed, K. Guthrie, C. Booth-LaForce, K. Sherman, L. Cohen, M. Freeman, J. Carpenter, J. Hunt, M. Roberts and K. Ensrud	2013	Design and methods of a multi-site, multi-behavioral treatment trial for menopausal symptoms: the MsFLASH experience		Contemporary clinical trials			35		1	25-34						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Design and methods of a multi-site, multi-behavioral treatment trial for menopausal symptoms: the MsFLASH experience								Pubmed 23462342						CN-00859118				BACKGROUND: Behavioral strategies are recommended for menopausal symptoms, but little evidence exists regarding efficacy. PURPOSE: Describe design and methodology of a randomized controlled 3 by 2 factorial trial of yoga, exercise and omega-3 fatty acids. METHODS: Women from three geographic areas with a weekly average of ?14 hot flashes/night sweats, who met exclusion/inclusion criteria, were randomized to 12weeks of: 1) yoga classes and daily home practice; 2) supervised, facility-based aerobic exercise training; or 3) usual activity. Women in each arm were further randomized to either omega-3 supplement or placebo. Standardized training, on-going monitoring, and site visits were adopted to ensure consistency across sites and fidelity to the intervention. Participant adherence to the intervention protocol was monitored continuously, and retention was actively encouraged by staff. Information on adverse events was systematically collected. RESULTS: Of 7377 women who responded to mass mailings, 355 (4.8%) were randomized; mean age was 54.7 (sd=3.7), 26.2% were African American, 81.7% were post-menopausal, and mean baseline frequency of daily hot flashes/night sweats was 7.6 (sd=3.8). Adherence of ?80% was 59% for yoga, 77% for exercise training, and 80% for study pills. Final week 12 data were collected from 95.2% CONCLUSIONS: Conducting a multi-site, multi-behavioral randomized trial for menopausal symptoms is challenging but feasible. Benefits included cost-effective study design, centralized recruitment, and methodologic standardization.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/118/CN-00859118/frame.html										
V. Stevens, K. Funk, P. Brantley, T. Erlinger, V. Myers, C. Champagne, A. Bauck, C. Samuel-Hodge and J. Hollis	2008	Design and implementation of an interactive website to support long-term maintenance of weight loss		Journal of medical Internet research			10		1	e1						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Design and implementation of an interactive website to support long-term maintenance of weight loss								Pubmed 18244892						CN-00622419				BACKGROUND: For most individuals, long-term maintenance of weight loss requires long-term, supportive intervention. Internet-based weight loss maintenance programs offer considerable potential for meeting this need. Careful design processes are required to maximize adherence and minimize attrition. OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the development, implementation and use of a Web-based intervention program designed to help those who have recently lost weight sustain their weight loss over 1 year. METHODS: The weight loss maintenance website was developed over a 1-year period by an interdisciplinary team of public health researchers, behavior change intervention experts, applications developers, and interface designers. Key interactive features of the final site include social support, self-monitoring, written guidelines for diet and physical activity, links to appropriate websites, supportive tools for behavior change, check-in accountability, tailored reinforcement messages, and problem solving and relapse prevention training. The weight loss maintenance program included a reminder system (automated email and telephone messages) that prompted participants to return to the website if they missed their check-in date. If there was no log-in response to the email and telephone automated prompts, a staff member called the participant. We tracked the proportion of participants with at least one log-in per month, and analyzed log-ins as a result of automated prompts. RESULTS: The mean age of the 348 participants enrolled in an ongoing randomized trial and assigned to use the website was 56 years; 63% were female, and 38% were African American. While weight loss data will not be available until mid-2008, website use remained high during the first year with over 80% of the participants still using the website during month 12. During the first 52 weeks, participants averaged 35 weeks with at least one log-in. Email and telephone prompts appear to be very effective at helping participants sustain ongoing website use. CONCLUSIONS: Developing interactive websites is expensive, complex, and time consuming. We found that extensive paper prototyping well in advance of programming and a versatile product manager who could work with project staff at all levels of detail were essential to keeping the development process efficient. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov NCT00054925.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/419/CN-00622419/frame.html										
M. Stickland, T. Jourdain, E. Wong, W. Rodgers, N. Jendzjowsky and G. Macdonald	2011	Using Telehealth technology to deliver pulmonary rehabilitation to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease		Canadian respiratory journal [Revue canadienne de pneumologie]			18		4	216-20						Comparative Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Using Telehealth technology to deliver pulmonary rehabilitation to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease								Pubmed 22059179						CN-00834143				BACKGROUND: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an effective therapeutic strategy to improve health outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, there is insufficient PR capacity to service all COPD patients, thus necessitating creative solutions to increase the availability of PR. OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of PR delivered via Telehealth (Telehealth-PR) compared with PR delivered in person through a standard outpatient hospital-based program (Standard-PR). METHODS: One hundred forty-seven COPD patients participated in an eight-week rural PR program delivered via Telehealth-PR. Data were compared with a parallel group of 262 COPD patients who attended Standard-PR. Education sessions were administered two days per week via Telehealth, and patients exercised at their satellite centre under direct supervision. Standard-PR patients viewed the same education sessions in person and exercised at the main PR site. The primary outcome measure was change in quality of life as evaluated by the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). A noninferiority analysis was performed using both intention-to-treat and per-protocol approaches. RESULTS: Both Telehealth-PR and Standard-PR resulted in clinically and statistically significant improvements in SGRQ scores (4.5+/-0.8% versus 4.1+/-0.6%; P<0.05 versus baseline for both groups), and the improvement in SGRQ was not different between the two programs. Similarly, exercise capacity, as assessed by 12 min walk test, improved equally in both Telehealth-PR and Standard-PR programs (81+/-10 m versus 82+/-10 m; P<0.05 versus baseline for both groups). CONCLUSION: Telehealth-PR was an effective tool for increasing COPD PR services, and demonstrated improvements in quality of life and exercise capacity comparable with Standard-PR. 2011 Pulsus Group Inc. All rights reserved			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/143/CN-00834143/frame.html										
M. R. Stone, D. W. Esliger and M. S. Tremblay	2007	Comparative validity assessment of five activity monitors: does being a child matter?		Pediatric Exercise Science			19		3	291-309					Aug	Comparative Study
Evaluation Studies
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Comparative validity assessment of five activity monitors: does being a child matter?	Pediatr Exerc Sci	0899-8493												18019588				The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of age and leg length on the energy-expenditure predictions of five activity monitors. Participants (N=86, ages 8-40 years) performed three progressive bouts of treadmill activity ranging from 4 to 12 km/hr. Differences between measured energy expenditure (VO2) and activity-monitor-predicted energy expenditure were assessed across five leg length categories to determine the influence of leg length. Accelerometer counts or pedometer steps along with age, weight, and leg length accounted for 85-94% of measured energy expenditure. The addition of age and leg length as predictor variables explained a larger amount of variance in energy expenditure across all speeds. Differences in leg length and age might affect activity-monitor validity and, therefore, should be controlled for when estimating physical activity energy expenditure.	Stone, Michelle R
Esliger, Dale W
Tremblay, Mark S		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18019588http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:18019588&id=doi:&issn=0899-8493&volume=19&issue=3&spage=291&pages=291-309&date=2007&title=Pediatric+Exercise+Science&atitle=Comparative+validity+assessment+of+five+activity+monitors%3A+does+being+a+child+matter%3F.&aulast=Stone&pid=%3Cauthor%3EStone+MR%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E18019588%3C%2FAN%3E		Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

P. Stone, R. Gibson, S. Glasser, M. DeWood, J. Parker, D. Kawanishi, M. Crawford, F. Messineo, T. Shook and K. Raby	1990	Comparison of propranolol, diltiazem, and nifedipine in the treatment of ambulatory ischemia in patients with stable angina. Differential effects on ambulatory ischemia, exercise performance, and anginal symptoms. The ASIS Study Group		Circulation			82		6	1962-72						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Comparison of propranolol, diltiazem, and nifedipine in the treatment of ambulatory ischemia in patients with stable angina. Differential effects on ambulatory ischemia, exercise performance, and anginal symptoms. The ASIS Study Group								Pubmed 2122926						CN-00071428				Episodes of transient myocardial ischemia during ambulatory activities are common in patients with stable coronary artery disease and who are often asymptomatic. Selection of therapy for episodes of asymptomatic ischemia is limited by a lack of direct comparative studies. To determine the most effective monotherapy for patients with stable angina and a high frequency of asymptomatic ischemic episodes, propranolol-LA (mean daily dose, 293 mg), diltiazem-SR (mean daily dose, 350 mg), nifedipine (mean daily dose, 79 mg) were each compared with placebo, each for 2 weeks, in a randomized, double-blinded, crossover trial. Entry criteria were a positive exercise treadmill test during placebo therapy characterized by 1.0 mm or more ST segment depression and angina pectoris, and six or more episodes of transient ST segment depression of 1.0 mm or more on a 48-hour ambulatory electrocardiogram. One hundred ninety-four patients were screened, 63 were eligible and received randomized therapy, of which 56 patients completed at least two of the four treatment periods and were included in an intent-to-treat analysis. Fifty patients completed all four treatment phases and were included in the protocol-completed analysis. Anti-ischemia efficacy was assessed by 48-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring, exercise treadmill tests, and anginal diaries. Ninety-four percent of all episodes of ambulatory ischemia were asymptomatic. Compared with placebo, only propranolol was associated with a marked reduction in all manifestations of asymptomatic ischemia during ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring (2.3 versus 1.0 episodes/24 hr; mean duration of ischemia per 24 hours, 43.6 versus 5.7 minutes; both p less than 0.0001). Diltiazem's reduction of the frequency of episodes compared with placebo (2.3 versus 1.9 episodes/24 hr) was associated with a trend (p = 0.08) in the protocol-completed analysis and with a significant reduction in the intent-to-treat analysis (p = 0.03). Nifedipine had no significant effect on any measured variable of ambulatory ischemia. The dosages of medication used may have been excessive for some patients, and a more beneficial effect may have been evident at a lower dose. In contrast to the marked effects of the active agents on ambulatory asymptomatic ischemia, the effects on exercise performance and angina pectoris were slight. The active agents modestly improved treadmill exercise duration time until 1 mm ST segment depression (3%), and only propranolol and diltiazem had significant effects. Only diltiazem significantly prolonged the total exercise time. Anginal frequency was significantly decreased by both propranolol and diltiazem.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/428/CN-00071428/frame.html										
P. Stone, D. Lloyd-Jones, M. Johnstone, W. Carlson, J. Rubenstein, M. Creager, B. Frei, G. Sopko, M. Clark, G. Maccallum, S. Kinlay, J. Orav and A. Selwyn	2004	Vascular basis for the treatment of myocardial ischemia study: trial design and baseline characteristics		American heart journal			147		5	875-82						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Vascular basis for the treatment of myocardial ischemia study: trial design and baseline characteristics								Pubmed 15131545						CN-00467597				BACKGROUND: Increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and oxidized LDL cholesterol levels adversely affect endothelial function in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Statin drugs are efficacious in primary and secondary prevention of clinical CAD events, but they have not been extensively studied as a treatment for ischemia during routine daily activities or during exercise, indicators of high-risk in patients with stable CAD. The purpose of the Vascular Basis for the Treatment of Myocardial Ischemia study is to determine whether aggressive lowering of LDL cholesterol level with atorvastatin, with or without supplemental antioxidant vitamins C and E, can improve endothelial function and ischemia during ambulatory electrocardiogram (AECG) monitoring and exercise treadmill testing (ETT). METHODS: Patients are eligible when they have ischemia during an ETT and AECG monitoring and when their fasting total cholesterol level is < or =250 mg/dL. Eligible patients are randomized to receive 1 of 3 treatments: intensive atorvastatin to reduce LDL cholesterol level to < or =80 mg/dL, intensive atorvastatin to reduce LDL cholesterol level to < or =80 mg/dL plus antioxidant vitamins C and E, and control of diet and low-dose lovastatin, when needed, to reduce LDL cholesterol level < or = to 130 mg/dL. Patients undergo endothelial function testing, 48-hour AECG monitoring, and ETT at randomization and at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: A total of 300 patients have been randomized: 101 to receive atorvastatin alone, 103 to receive atorvastatin plus antioxidant vitamins, and 96 to receive placebo. Baseline characteristics are similar across treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: The Vascular Basis study will provide important insight on the effects of aggressive management of dyslipidemia with statin drugs and antioxidant vitamins in patients with stable but high-risk CAD.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/597/CN-00467597/frame.html										
K. L. Storti, J. S. Brach, S. J. FitzGerald, J. M. Zmuda, J. A. Cauley and A. M. Kriska	2005	Physical activity and decreased risk of clinical gallstone disease among post-menopausal women		Preventive Medicine			41		3-4	772-7					Sep-Oct	Comparative Study
Multicenter Study
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Physical activity and decreased risk of clinical gallstone disease among post-menopausal women	Prev Med	0091-7435												16038966				BACKGROUND: Physical activity may play a role in preventing gallstone disease.
METHODS: The activity/gallstone relationship was examined in post-menopausal women from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF; 1986-1988), a prospective study of fracture risk factors in 8010 women (mean age = 71.1 years, SD = 4.9).
RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression indicated women in the lowest two quartiles of physical activity, according to questionnaire, had a 59% {OR = 1.59 (1.11-2.29), P = 0.02} and a 57% higher risk {OR = 1.57 (1.11-2.23), P = 0.01} of developing gallstone disease compared to women in the highest quartile of activity (PTrend = <0.0001). Additionally, this relationship was examined in a cohort of 182 post-menopausal women (mean age 74.2 years, SD = 4.1) who participated in a randomized controlled trial of a walking intervention. Women in the randomized clinical trial in the lowest tertile of physical activity determined by a physical activity monitor had a higher risk of developing gallstone disease than women in the highest tertile of physical activity, 13% {OR-1.13 (1.01-1.28), P = 0.05, PTrend = <0.04}.
CONCLUSION: Physical activity appears to be inversely related to the development of gallstone disease in post-menopausal women independent of body mass index.	Storti, Kristi L
Brach, Jennifer S
FitzGerald, Shannon J
Zmuda, Joseph M
Cauley, Jane A
Kriska, Andrea M
1-R01-AAAR35582 (United States NIAAA NIH HHS)
1-R01-AG05395 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
1-R01-AM35584 (United States NIADDK NIH HHS)
1-R01-AR35582 (United States NIAMS NIH HHS)
1-R01-QG05407 (United States PHS HHS)
R01AG//HL14753 (United States NIA NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16038966http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:16038966&id=doi:&issn=0091-7435&volume=41&issue=3&spage=772&pages=772-7&date=2005&title=Preventive+Medicine&atitle=Physical+activity+and+decreased+risk+of+clinical+gallstone+disease+among+post-menopausal+women.&aulast=Storti&pid=%3Cauthor%3EStorti+KL%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E16038966%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Epidemiology, 505 Parran Hall, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. klsst75@pitt.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

K. L. Storti, K. K. Pettee, J. S. Brach, J. B. Talkowski, C. R. Richardson and A. M. Kriska	2008	Gait speed and step-count monitor accuracy in community-dwelling older adults		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			40		1	59-64					Jan	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Gait speed and step-count monitor accuracy in community-dwelling older adults	Med Sci Sports Exerc	0195-9131												18091020				UNLABELLED: Accurate assessment of physical activity (PA) is necessary to identify the sedentary older individual who is in need of activity intervention. Activity monitors are quite popular, although it has been suggested that they are less accurate at slow gait speeds.
PURPOSE: To examine the accuracy of the three activity monitors in older individuals who walk at various gait speeds.
METHODS: Participants were 34 community-dwelling older men and women (mean age 79.2) who were asked to simultaneously wear three activity monitors: the Yamax DigiWalker (DW) pedometer (hip), the Actigraph (AG) accelerometer (hip), and the StepWatch activity monitor (SAM) (ankle). Monitor accuracy was evaluated against observed steps taken during a 100-step walking test. Percent error of the monitors was calculated as [(monitor steps - observed steps)/observed steps] x 100. Participants were categorized into three groups (< 0.80, 0.80-1.0, > 1.0 m x s(-1)) according to gait speed, which was determined by a timed 4-m walk.
RESULTS: Overall, the DW and AG failed to detect 16% and 7% of observed steps, respectively, and the SAM overestimated by 5.5%. When stratified by gait speed, all three monitors faired well at the gait speeds > 1.0 m x s(-1). For gait speeds between 0.80 and 1.0 m x s(-1), the SAM overestimated steps by 6.6%, and the AG and DW underestimated steps by 5.7% and 12.7%, respectively. However, at gait speeds < 0.80 m x s(-1), the AG and DW performed poorly, underestimating steps by 19.1% and 31.2%, whereas the SAM performed better, having overestimated steps by 6.5%.
CONCLUSIONS: All three objective activity monitors performed well at moderate and higher walking speeds, but at decreased gait speeds, the SAM seemed to be the most accurate.	Storti, Kristi L
Pettee, Kelley K
Brach, Jennifer S
Talkowski, Jaime Berlin
Richardson, Caroline R
Kriska, Andrea M		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18091020http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:18091020&id=doi:&issn=0195-9131&volume=40&issue=1&spage=59&pages=59-64&date=2008&title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&atitle=Gait+speed+and+step-count+monitor+accuracy+in+community-dwelling+older+adults.&aulast=Storti&pid=%3Cauthor%3EStorti+KL%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E18091020%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. stortik@edc.pitt.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

L. Straker, R. Abbott, J. Piek, C. Pollock, P. Davies and A. Smith	2009	Rationale, design and methods for a randomised and controlled trial to investigate whether home access to electronic games decreases children's physical activity		BMC public health			9			212						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Rationale, design and methods for a randomised and controlled trial to investigate whether home access to electronic games decreases children's physical activity								Pubmed 19563680						CN-00703548				BACKGROUND: Many children are reported to have insufficient physical activity (PA) placing them at greater risk of poor health outcomes. Participating in sedentary activities such as playing electronic games is widely believed to contribute to less PA. However there is no experimental evidence that playing electronic games reduces PA. There is also no evidence regarding the effect of different types of electronic games (traditional sedentary electronic games versus new active input electronic games) on PA. Further, there is a poor understanding about how characteristics of children may moderate the impact of electronic game access on PA and about what leisure activities are displaced when children play electronic games. Given that many children play electronic games, a better understanding of the effect of electronic game use on PA is critical to inform child health policy and intervention. METHODS: This randomised and controlled trial will examine whether PA is decreased by access to electronic games and whether any effect is dependent on the type of game input or the child's characteristics. Children aged 10-12 years (N = 72, 36 females) will be recruited and randomised to a balanced ordering of 'no electronic games', 'traditional' electronic games and 'active' electronic games. Each child will participate in each condition for 8 weeks, and be assessed prior to participation and at the end of each condition. The primary outcome is PA, assessed by Actical accelerometers worn for 7 days on the wrist and hip. Energy expenditure will be assessed by the doubly labelled water technique and motor coordination, adiposity, self-confidence, attitudes to technology and PA and leisure activities will also be assessed. A sample of 72 will provide a power of > 0.9 for detecting a 15 mins difference in PA (sd = 30 mins). DISCUSSION: This is the first such trial and will provide critical information to understand whether access to electronic games affects children's PA. Given the vital importance of adequate PA to a healthy start to life and establishing patterns which may track into adulthood, this project can inform interventions which could have a profound impact on the long term health of children. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial is registered in the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN 12609000279224).			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/548/CN-00703548/frame.html										
M. Stratton, T. McPoil, M. Cornwall and K. Patrick	2009	Use of low-frequency electrical stimulation for the treatment of plantar fasciitis		Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association			99		6	481-8						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Use of low-frequency electrical stimulation for the treatment of plantar fasciitis								Pubmed 19917733						CN-00731174				BACKGROUND: Recent research has discussed the use of low-frequency electrical stimulation to increase blood flow by eliciting muscular contraction in soft tissues. This randomized clinical trial examined the efficacy of low-frequency electrical stimulation combined with stretching exercises and foot orthoses in individuals diagnosed as having plantar fasciitis for less than 6 months. METHODS: Twenty-six participants aged 18 to 65 years diagnosed as having plantar fasciitis were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: a control group receiving only stretching and orthoses and a treatment group receiving low-frequency electrical stimulation in addition to stretching and orthoses. To assess treatment response, a visual analog scale was used to determine first-step morning pain, and changes in daily activity levels were monitored by using a validated outcome measure. All of the participants were assessed before starting treatment, after 4 weeks of treatment, and 3 months after the conclusion of treatment. RESULTS: Participants in the control and experimental groups demonstrated pain reduction and improvements in functional activity levels after 4 weeks and 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of whether low-frequency electrical stimulation was used as an intervention, the use of plantar fascia-specific stretching and prefabricated foot orthoses provided short-term (3-month) pain relief and improvement in functional activity levels.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/174/CN-00731174/frame.html										
A. Streff, G. Michaux and F. Anton	2011	Internal validity of inter-digital web pinching as a model for perceptual diffuse noxious inhibitory controls-induced hypoalgesia in healthy humans		European journal of pain (London, England)			15		1	45-52						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Validation Studies		Internal validity of inter-digital web pinching as a model for perceptual diffuse noxious inhibitory controls-induced hypoalgesia in healthy humans								Pubmed 20547464						CN-00786881				Hot and ice-water immersions are commonly used for heterotopic noxious counter-stimulation (HNCS) in investigations on endogenous pain modulation. However, coincident sympathetic thermoregulatory activity does not allow to differentiate between perceptual hypoalgesia related to baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) or diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC). The present study analysed the internal validity of another supposedly less confounded tonic pain model (inter-digital web pinching; IWP) regarding its potential as DNIC trigger. We performed a randomized controlled study in 24 healthy gender-matched drug-free volunteers aged 21-54 (median 25) years. The study protocol comprised the assessment of mechanical and thermal perceptual wind-up before and after an IWP (15N) or hot water immersion trial (HIT; 47.5°C) of 2 min duration. Wind-up was induced either by 10 repetitive (1Hz) contact heat (max. 49°C; 5×5 mm thermode) or ballistic impact stimuli (0.5g at 9 m/s) on the phalanges of the non-dominant hand. Cardiovascular activity, pain experience and corrugator muscle activity were continuously monitored. Although both HNCS forms produced a similar pain experience (45% of scale), a more pronounced cardiovascular activity was observable for the HIT (P<0.01). This indicates a higher baroreceptor activity and stronger contamination of painful water immersion by BRS-related hypoalgesia. Regardless of pain modality, wind-up was significantly reduced by HNCS, although this was stronger for painful water immersion than for noxious pinching (P<0.01). The HNCS types allow a differentiation between BRS-related and DNIC-like hypoalgesia. IWP proved its validity for DNIC induction, being practically non-confounded by BRS.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/881/CN-00786881/frame.html										
R. Stubbs, D. Hughes, A. Johnstone, G. Horgan, N. King and J. Blundell	2004	A decrease in physical activity affects appetite, energy, and nutrient balance in lean men feeding ad libitum		Am.J Clin.Nutr			79		1	62-9						Clinical Trial		A decrease in physical activity affects appetite, energy, and nutrient balance in lean men feeding ad libitum														CN-00507364				BACKGROUND: It is not clear how decreased activity quantitatively affects energy balance (EB) in subjects feeding ad libitum. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the effect of an imposed sedentary routine on appetite, energy intake (EI), EB, and nutrient balance in lean men for 7 d. DESIGN: Six men with a mean (+/-SD) age of 23.0 +/- 2.3 y, weight of 69.2 +/- 11.4 kg, and height of 1.76 +/- 0.07 m were each studied twice during a sedentary [1.4 x resting metabolic rate (RMR)] and a moderately active (1.8 x RMR) regimen. During each treatment, they resided in the whole-body indirect calorimeter for the 7 d and had ad libitum access to a medium-fat diet of constant, measurable composition. Meal size, frequency, and composition were continually monitored. Motivation to eat was recorded during waking hours. Subjects were weighed in light clothing each morning, and their weight was corrected to nude. RESULTS: Energy expenditure was 9.7 and 12.8 MJ/d [P < 0.01; SE of the difference between means (SED) = 0.41] during the sedentary and active regimens, respectively. EI was 13.5 and 14.4 MJ/d (P = 0.463, SED = 1.06), respectively. There was no regimen effect on hunger, appetite, or body weight. By day 7, cumulative EB was 26.3 and 11.1 MJ, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Reducing a level of physical activity from 1.8 to 1.4 x RMR can markedly affect EB. A sedentary routine does not induce a compensatory reduction of EI and leads to a significantly positive EB, most of which is stored as fat			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/364/CN-00507364/frame.html										
M. Stuckey, S. Shapiro, D. Gill and R. Petrella	2014	A lifestyle intervention supported by mobile health technologies to improve the cardiometabolic risk profile of individuals at risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes: study rationale and protocol		BMC public health			13			1051: Article		A lifestyle intervention supported by mobile health technologies to improve the cardiometabolic risk profile of individuals at risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes: study rationale and protocol														CN-00985056				Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors that greatly increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Regular exercise improves the risk profile, but most people do not successfully change their exercise habits to beneficially reduce risk. Tailored exercise prescribed by a family physician has shown promise as a means to increase fitness and reduce cardiometabolic risk, but optimal implementation practices remain unknown. Mobile health technologies have proved to be a beneficial tool to achieve blood pressure and blood glucose control in patients with diabetes. These technologies may address the limited access to health interventions in rural and remote regions. However, the potential as a tool to support exercise-based prevention activities is not well understood. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of a tailored exercise prescription alone or supported by mobile health technologies to improve metabolic syndrome and related cardiometabolic risk factors in rural community-dwelling adults at risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Adults (n = 149) with at least two metabolic syndrome risk factors were recruited from rural communities and randomized to either: 1) an intervention group receiving an exercise prescription and devices for monitoring of risk factors with a smartphone data portal equipped with a mobile health application; or 2) an active control group receiving only an exercise prescription. All participants reported to the research centre at baseline, and at 12-, 24- and 52-week follow-up visits for measurement of anthropometrics and blood pressure and for a blood draw to test blood-borne markers of cardiometabolic health. Vascular and autonomic function were examined. Fitness was assessed and exercise prescribed according to the Step Test and Exercise Prescription protocol. This study tested the effects of a prescriptive exercise intervention alone, versus one supported by mobile health technology on cardiometabolic risk factors. The intervention was designed to be translated into clinical or community-based programming. Results will contribute to the current literature by investigating the utility of mobile health technology support for exercise prescription interventions to improve cardiometabolic risk status and maintain improvements over time; particularly in rural communities. Clinical trials registration: NCT01944124.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/056/CN-00985056/frame.html										
S. H. Subramony, S. Kedar, E. Murray, E. Protas, H. Xu, T. Ashizawa and A. Tan	2012	Objective home-based gait assessment in spinocerebellar ataxia		Journal of the Neurological Sciences			313		1-2	95-8					Feb 15	Comparative Study
Multicenter Study		Objective home-based gait assessment in spinocerebellar ataxia	J Neurol Sci	1878-5883												22018764				We investigated the utility of home-based gait monitor assessment in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA). Nineteen patients with different forms of SCA were examined using a step activity monitor (SAM), clinical scales and common tests of functional motor performance including the scale for assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA), disease staging, a timed 25 foot walk test and a 9 hole peg-board test. The patient wore the SAM bracelet on his/her ankle for seven 24 hour periods at home. The objective monitor measurements were highly associated with disease duration and with the functional stage of disease (P<0.01). Monitor measurements were significantly correlated to SARA scores with the exception of the percent of steps expended in moderate and high speeds of activity. Fewer monitor measures had significant correlations with walk and peg board scores. The objective SAM outputs also possessed high internal consistency, high intraclass correlation coefficients and could be fitted to a single factor by factor analysis. We conclude that the SAM is a simple and cost effective method for obtaining data on gait parameters over extended periods in patients with SCA. The SAM has validity and reliability and can generate unbiased, continuous data that takes into account daily variations in physical performance. Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Subramony, S H
Kedar, S
Murray, E
Protas, E
Xu, H
Ashizawa, T
Tan, A		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22018764http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22018764&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.jns.2011.09.016&issn=0022-510X&volume=313&issue=1&spage=95&pages=95-8&date=2012&title=Journal+of+the+Neurological+Sciences&atitle=Objective+home-based+gait+assessment+in+spinocerebellar+ataxia.&aulast=Subramony&pid=%3Cauthor%3ESubramony+SH%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22018764%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0236, USA. s.subramony@neurology.ufl.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

V. Sudarma, S. Sukmaniah and P. Siregar	2011	Effect of dark chocolate on nitric oxide serum levels and blood pressure in prehypertension subjects		Acta medica Indonesiana			43		4	224-8						Randomized Controlled Trial		Effect of dark chocolate on nitric oxide serum levels and blood pressure in prehypertension subjects								Pubmed 22156352						CN-00863687				AIM: to investigate the effect of consumption of dark chocolate 30 g/day for fifteen days on Nitric oxide (NO) serum levels and blood pressure in male and female employees with prehypertension. METHODS: the study was a parallel randomized clinical trial. A total of thirty-two subjects was divided into two groups using block randomization. Sixteen subjects received 30 g/day dark chocolate and dietary counseling (treatment group) and the other 16 subjects received white chocolate 25 g/day and dietary counseling (control group) for fifteen days. Data collected in this study consisted of age, physical activity, body massa index, intake of energy, intake of sodium, and intake of polyphenol, NO serum levels and blood pressure. The measurement of NO serum levels was done in pre- and after- treatment, while blood pressure was assessed in pre- , during- and after- treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-test for normal distribution data and Mann-Whitney test for not normal distribution data, with the level of significancy of 5%. RESULTS: after 15 days treatment, NO serum level between treatment and control groups were significantly different 7.70 ± 3.84 vs 1.92(-0.79 ± 17.78) (p=0.001). Both groups had decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Systolic blood pressure was different significantly between groups after treatment 120.64 ± 8.47 vs 131.19 ± 7.45 (p=0.001), while diastolic blood pressure was not significant 74.14 ± 6.30 vs 77.44 ± 10.29 (p=0.308). CONCLUSION: in prehypertension subjects, dark chocolate 30 g/day increased NOx serum levels and decreased systolic blood pressure after 15 days of treatment.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/687/CN-00863687/frame.html										
J. Sugden, F. Sniehotta, P. Donnan, P. Boyle, D. Johnston and M. McMurdo	2008	The feasibility of using pedometers and brief advice to increase activity in sedentary older women--a pilot study		BMC health services research			8			169						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The feasibility of using pedometers and brief advice to increase activity in sedentary older women--a pilot study								Pubmed 18691392						CN-00650387				BACKGROUND: People over the age of 70 carry the greatest burden of chronic disease, disability and health care use. Participation in physical activity is crucial for health, and walking accounts for much of the physical activity undertaken by sedentary individuals. Pedometers are a useful motivational tool to encourage increased walking and they are cheap and easy to use. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of the use of pedometers plus a theory-based intervention to assist sedentary older women to accumulate increasing amounts of physical activity, mainly through walking. METHODS: Female participants over the age of 70 were recruited from primary care and randomised to receive either pedometer plus a theory-based intervention or a theory-based intervention alone. The theory-based intervention consisted of motivational techniques, goal-setting, barrier identification and self-monitoring with pedometers and daily diaries. The pedometer group were further randomised to one of three target groups: a 10%, 15% or 20% monthly increase in step count to assess the achievability and acceptability of a range of targets. The primary outcome was change in daily activity levels measured by accelerometry. Secondary outcome measures were lower limb function, health related quality of life, anxiety and depression. RESULTS: 54 participants were recruited into the study, with an average age of 76. There were 9 drop outs, 45 completing the study. All participants in the pedometer group found the pedometers easy to use and there was good compliance with diary keeping (96% in the pedometer group and 83% in the theory-based intervention alone group). There was a strong correlation (0.78) between accelerometry and pedometer step counts i.e. indicating that walking was the main physical activity amongst participants. There was a greater increase in activity (accelerometry) amongst those in the 20% target pedometer group compared to the other groups, although not reaching statistical significance (p = 0.192). CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated that it is feasible to use pedometers and provide theory-based advice to community dwelling sedentary older women to increase physical activity levels and a larger study is planned to investigate this further.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/387/CN-00650387/frame.html										
A. Sugino, Y. Minakata, M. Kanda, K. Akamatsu, A. Koarai, T. Hirano, H. Sugiura, K. Matsunaga and M. Ichinose	2012	Validation of a compact motion sensor for the measurement of physical activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease		Respiration			83		4	300-7						Comparative Study
Validation Studies		Validation of a compact motion sensor for the measurement of physical activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	Respiration	1423-0356												21912085				BACKGROUND: The DynaPort Activity Monitor (DAM) has been reported to be useful to evaluate the activity in healthy subjects and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, it is difficult to estimate the activity of COPD patients using DAM, because its battery works only for several hours and sensors should be worn at two parts of the body. A newly developed compact, single-position triaxial accelerometer (Actimarker) can measure the activity for >1 month, but has not been validated for COPD patients. Objectives: The validity of the Actimarker was evaluated in COPD patients.
METHODS: In study 1, the validity of the device was tested in 14 stable COPD patients by comparing it with DAM. In study 2, the influence of the weather on activity was examined. In study 3, the number of measurement days required to ensure repeatability was determined.
RESULTS: The durations of activity measured by the Actimarker and DAM were significantly correlated at intensity values >2.0, >2.5 and >3.0 METs. The duration of activity on rainy days was significantly shorter than that on non-rainy days. The values of intraclass correlation coefficients were >0.8 in 3-, 4- or 5-day measurements, and there was no systematic bias at any number of days or intensities with Bland-Altman plots.
CONCLUSIONS: The validity of the Actimarker was confirmed, and repeatability was obtained when the data from at least 3 non-rainy weekdays were analyzed. Actimarker appears to be useful as a simplified method to evaluate the physical activity of COPD patients. Copyright 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel.	Sugino, Akihito
Minakata, Yoshiaki
Kanda, Masae
Akamatsu, Keiichiro
Koarai, Akira
Hirano, Tsunahiko
Sugiura, Hisatoshi
Matsunaga, Kazuto
Ichinose, Masakazu		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21912085http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21912085&id=doi:10.1159%2F000330046&issn=0025-7931&volume=83&issue=4&spage=300&pages=300-7&date=2012&title=Respiration&atitle=Validation+of+a+compact+motion+sensor+for+the+measurement+of+physical+activity+in+patients+with+chronic+obstructive+pulmonary+disease.&aulast=Sugino&pid=%3Cauthor%3ESugino+A%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21912085%3C%2FAN%3E		Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

D. Suksom, A. Siripatt, P. Lapo and S. Patumraj	2011	Effects of two modes of exercise on physical fitness and endothelial function in the elderly: exercise with a flexible stick versus Tai Chi		Chotmaihet thangphaet [Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand]			94		1	123-32						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of two modes of exercise on physical fitness and endothelial function in the elderly: exercise with a flexible stick versus Tai Chi								Pubmed 21425738						CN-00778453				OBJECTIVE: Determine the effects of exercise with flexible stick training on physical fitness and endothelial function and compare it with Tai Chi training. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Thirty older women volunteered for the present study and were divided into EF group (EF: n=16; 70.3 + 2.5 yr) and TC group (TC: n=14; 69.5 +/- 4.5 yr). Both training groups performed training assigned protocol that consisted of 70% of maximal heart rate, 40 minutes per day, four days per week for 12 weeks. Health related physical fitness and biochemical data were assessed in all participants. Post-Occlusive Reactive Hyperemia (PORH) was used to monitor endothelial function by using a Laser-Doppler fluxmeter. RESULT: The health related physical fitness was significantly higher in the EF group (p < 0.05). Plasma malondialdehyde and von Willebrand factor, an indicator of free radical damage and endothelial dysfunction, respectively as well as cholesterol level were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the EF group. The peak Laser-Doppler flux (LDF)/baseline LDE and recovery time were significantly improved after 12 weeks of EF training (p < 0.05). This was not observed after 12 weeks of TC training. CONCLUSION: EF, a Thai novel exercise that combined endurance and strength training was a more effective exercise modality than TC for improving physical fitness and endothelial function. It improved reactive oxygen species in the elderly.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/453/CN-00778453/frame.html										
D. Sullivan, P. Wall, J. Bariola, M. Bopp and Y. Frost	2001	Progressive resistance muscle strength training of hospitalized frail elderly		American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation			80		7	503-9						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Progressive resistance muscle strength training of hospitalized frail elderly								Pubmed 11421518						CN-00348874				OBJECTIVE: To determine whether frail elderly patients recuperating from acute illnesses could safely participate in and gain appreciable improvement in muscle strength from progressive resistance muscle strength training. DESIGN: Muscle strength (one repetition maximum), functional abilities (sit-to-stand maneuver and 20-sec maximal safe gait speed), and body composition were measured before and at the conclusion of a 10-wk program of lower limb progressive resistance muscle strength training. The nonrandomized study was conducted in a 30-bed geriatric rehabilitation unit of a university-affiliated Veterans Affairs hospital and a 28-bed transitional care unit of a community nursing home. Participants included 19 recuperating elderly subjects (14 male, 5 female; 13 ambulatory, 6 nonambulatory) >64 yr (mean age, 82.8+/-7.9 yr). RESULTS: The one repetition maximum increased an average of 74%+/-49% (median, 70%; interquartile range, 38%-95%, and an average of 20+/-13 kg (P = 0.0001). Sit-to-stand maneuver times improved in 15 of 19 cases (79%). Maximum safe gait speeds improved in 10 of 19 cases (53%). Four of the six nonambulatory subjects progressed to ambulatory status. No subject experienced a complication. CONCLUSIONS: A carefully monitored program of progressive resistance muscle strength training to regain muscle strength is a safe and possibly effective method for frail elderly recuperating from acute illnesses. A randomized control study is needed to examine the degree to which progressive resistance muscle strength training offers advantages, if any, over routine posthospital care that includes traditional low-intensity physical therapy.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/874/CN-00348874/frame.html										
A. Sumin, N. Snitskaia and O. Arkhipov	2009	[Electrostimulation of the skeletal muscles in rehabilitation of patients with chronic cor pulmonale: effects on arrhythmogenesis and vegetative status]		Terapevticheski? arkhiv			81		9	45-51						Controlled Clinical Trial; English Abstract;		[Electrostimulation of the skeletal muscles in rehabilitation of patients with chronic cor pulmonale: effects on arrhythmogenesis and vegetative status]								Pubmed 19827653						CN-00722481				AIM: To investigate effects of electrostimulation of the skeletal muscles (EMS) on vegetative status and arrhythmogenesis in patients with chronic cor pulmonale (CCP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 101 CCP patients (age 59 +/- 1.2 years) were examined with loading tests, 24-h ECG and blood pressure monitoring to assess disturbances and variability of cardiac rhythm, blood pressure. The study group patients (n = 54) have undergone EMS of large skeletal muscles in addition to standard rehabilitation. The control group (n = 47) received standard treatment. RESULTS: A course of EMS raised strength of the muscles of the upper and lower limbs and exercise tolerance of the lower limb muscles in the study group, bicycle exercise and 6-min walk tolerance, reduced the number of atrial and ventricular extrasystoles. The test group lowered the low-frequency component at night (p = 0.021) and in maximal spectrum power reflecting enhancement of parasympathetic activity in this time. CONCLUSION: EMS had no arrhythmogenic action, but had a positive effect on vegetative status of CCP patients.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/481/CN-00722481/frame.html										
R. R. Suminski, W. S. Poston, J. P. Foreyt and S. St Jeor	2008	Physical activity assessed with three different methods and the Framingham Risk Score on 10-year coronary heart disease risk		Medical Science Monitor			14		1	CR1-9					Jan	Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Physical activity assessed with three different methods and the Framingham Risk Score on 10-year coronary heart disease risk	Med Sci Monit	1234-1010												18160937				BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) protects against coronary heart disease (CHD) by favorably altering several CHD risk factors. In order to best understand the true nature of the relationship between PA and CHD, the impact different PA assessment methods have on the relationships must first be clarified. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between the Framingham Risk Score on 10-year estimated risk of CHD (10-year CHD risk) and three different PA assessment methods.
MATERIAL/METHODS: Female (n=143) and male (n=155) adults wore activity monitors and recorded PA in logs during a seven-day period after which they completed a seven-day PA recall and had CHD risk factors assessed. The 10-year CHD risk was calculated from the CHD risk factors.
RESULTS: Multiple regression analyses showed 10-year CHD risk was negatively associated with physical activity measured by the activity monitor (p<0.05) but not the log or recall in women. In men, significant inverse relationships between 10-year CHD risk and physical activity measured by the activity monitor and recall were observed. The log was not significantly associated with 10-year CHD risk in men.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study concur with previous research in that PA is associated with the risk of developing CHD; however, the findings clearly suggest that it is important to consider the PA assessment method when interpreting this relationship.	Suminski, Richard R
Poston, Walker S C
Foreyt, John P
St Jeor, Sachiko
HL 34589 (United States NHLBI NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18160937http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:18160937&id=doi:&issn=1234-1010&volume=14&issue=1&spage=CR1&pages=CR1-9&date=2008&title=Medical+Science+Monitor&atitle=Physical+activity+assessed+with+three+different+methods+and+the+Framingham+Risk+Score+on+10-year+coronary+heart+disease+risk.&aulast=Suminski&pid=%3Cauthor%3ESuminski+RR%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E18160937%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Physiology, Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA. rsuminski@kcumb.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. Sun, Y. Wang, X. Chen, Y. Chen, Y. Feng, X. Zhang, Y. Pan, T. Hu, J. Xu, L. Du, W. Zhou, H. Zhao, R. Riley and V. Mustad	2008	An integrated intervention program to control diabetes in overweight Chinese women and men with type 2 diabetes		Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition			17		3	514-24						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		An integrated intervention program to control diabetes in overweight Chinese women and men with type 2 diabetes								Pubmed 18818173						CN-00666160				This study evaluated a structured and integrated intervention program on diabetes management in individuals with type 2 diabetes in Shanghai, China. Men and women with type 2 diabetes and body mass index > 23 kg/m2 were randomized into a 24-week, prospective, randomized clinical trial. The Reference Group (n=50) received diabetes education including diet and physical activity instruction only; the Intervention Group (n=100) received more intensive intervention, including diabetes education with frequent blood glucose monitoring, nutritional counseling, meal plans with diabetes-specific nutritional meal replacement, and weekly progress updates with study staff. Major study assessments were obtained at baseline, and after 12 and/or 24 weeks of intervention. The Intervention Group improved fasting blood glucose, insulin, systolic and diastolic blood pressures compared to Reference Group ( p <0.05). Importantly, HbA1c was lower ( p <0.001) in the Intervention Group at 12 weeks (-0.6 +/- 0.1%) and 24 weeks (-0.8 +/- 0.1%). Weight loss was modest, but significant differences were observed between groups ( p <0.05). Weight change from baseline after 12 and 24 weeks was -2.8 +/- 0.2% and -3.7 +/- 0.3%, respectively, in the Intervention Group vs -1.8 +/- 0.4% and -2.5 +/- 0.4% in the Reference Group. Additionally, waist and hip circumferences and waist:hip ratio decreased in the Intervention compared to the Reference Group ( p <0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Chinese men and women with type 2 diabetes following an integrated intervention program including diabetes education, frequent blood glucose monitoring and daily use of a diabetes-specific meal replacement, can achieve significant improvements in glycemic control and markers of cardiovascular health.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/160/CN-00666160/frame.html										
Y. Sun, C. Lu, K. Chien, S. Chen and R. Chen	2007	Efficacy of multivitamin supplementation containing vitamins B6 and B12 and folic acid as adjunctive treatment with a cholinesterase inhibitor in Alzheimer's disease: a 26-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in Taiwanese patients		Clinical therapeutics			29		10	2204-14						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Efficacy of multivitamin supplementation containing vitamins B6 and B12 and folic acid as adjunctive treatment with a cholinesterase inhibitor in Alzheimer's disease: a 26-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in Taiwanese patients								Pubmed 18042476						CN-00621331				BACKGROUND: Elevated serum homocysteine levels have been associated with the development of Alzheimer's dementia (AD). The combined use of a mecobalamin capsule preparation, which contains vitamin B12 0.5 mg with an active methyl base, and an over-the-counter nutritional supplement that contains folic acid 1 mg and pyridoxine hyperchloride 5 mg may be effective as a homocysteine-lowering vitamin regimen. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether oral multivitamin supplementation containing vitamins B6 and B12 and folic acid would improve cognitive function and reduce serum homocysteine levels in patients with mild to moderate AD. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial was conducted at En Chu Kong Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Male and female patients aged >50 years with mild to moderate AD and normal folic acid and vitamin B12 concentrations were enrolled. All patients received treatment with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and were randomized to receive add-on mecobalamin (B12) 500 mg + multivitamin supplement, or placebos, PO QD for 26 weeks. The multivitamin contained pyridoxine (B6) 5 mg, folic acid 1 mg, and other vitamins and iron. Serum homocysteine level was measured and cognitive tests were conducted at baseline and after 26 weeks. The primary efficacy outcome was change in cognition, measured as the change in score from baseline to week 26 on the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale 11-item Cognition subscale. Secondary efficacy outcomes included changes in function in performance of activities of daily living (ADLs) and concentrations of homocysteine, B12, and folic acid. Tolerability was assessed by comparing the 2 study groups with respect to physical examination findings, including changes in vital signs, laboratory test abnormalities, concomitant medication use, and compliance of study medication was assessed using an interview with the patient's caregiver, as well as the monitoring of adverse events (AEs) throughout the study. RESULTS: Eighty-nine patients (45 men, 44 women; all Taiwanese; mean [SD] age, 75 [7.3] years) were enrolled and randomized. Overall, there were no significant differences in cognition or ADL function scores between the 2 groups. At week 26, the mean (SD) between-group difference in serum homocysteine concentration versus placebo was -2.25 (2.85) micromol/L (P = 0.008), and the mean serum concentrations of vitamin B12 and folic acid were significantly higher (but within normal range) in the multivitamin group compared with placebo (., +536.9 [694.4] pg/mL [P < 0.001] and +13.84 ng/mL [11.17] [P = 0.012] at 26 weeks, respectively). The 2 most common AEs were muscle pain (11.1% and 6.8%) and insomnia (8.9% and 9.1%) in the multivitamin and placebo groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this population of patients with mild to moderate AD in Taiwan, a multivitamin supplement containing vitamins B(6) and B(12) and folic acid for 26 weeks decreased homocysteine concentrations. No statistically significant beneficial effects on cognition or ADL function were found between multivitamin and placebo at 26 weeks.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/331/CN-00621331/frame.html										
P. Sundaresan, D. Lykos, A. Daher, T. Diamond, R. Morris and L. Howes	1997	Comparative effects of glibenclamide and metformin on ambulatory blood pressure and cardiovascular reactivity in NIDDM		Diabetes care			20		5	692-7						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Comparative effects of glibenclamide and metformin on ambulatory blood pressure and cardiovascular reactivity in NIDDM								Pubmed 9135928						CN-00139205				OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of chronic glibenclamide and metformin therapy on blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular responsiveness in patients with NIDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Fourteen patients with NIDDM received metformin or glibenclamide for 1 month in a double-blind, randomized crossover study. At the end of each treatment period, patients were tested for forearm vascular responsiveness to intrabrachial arterial infusion of diazoxide (an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener), acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside, and norepinephrine, BP responses to intravenous infusions of NE and angiotensin II, BP responses to cold pressor testing and isometric exercise, and 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring. RESULTS: Metformin and glibenclamide produced similar glycemic control. Mean 24-h BPs did not differ between the two groups, but mean 24-h heart rates were significantly lower (75 +/- 6 bpm vs. 80 +/- 6 bpm) on glibenclamide therapy than on metformin. Plasma norepinephrine levels were significantly higher on glibenclamide (6.41 +/- 1.77 vs. 4.26 +/- 1.54 mmol/l, P < 0.01), and systolic BP responses to intravenous norepinephrine and angiotensin II were significantly higher on glibenclamide than on metformin (P < 0.02 and P < 0.05, respectively). Systolic BP responses to cold pressor testing appeared higher on glibenclamide than on metformin, but the difference did not quite achieve statistical significance (P = 0.052). Baseline forearm vascular resistance did not differ between the two drugs, nor did forearm vascular resistance responses to diazoxide, acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside, and norepinephrine differ. CONCLUSIONS: Glibenclamide therapy is accompanied by greater systolic BP responses to norepinephrine and angiotensin II and higher plasma norepinephrine levels than those that occur on metformin therapy. Lower heart rates on glibenclamide therapy despite evidence of greater sympathetic activity suggests that glibenclamide may have negative chronotropic effects.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/205/CN-00139205/frame.html										
E. Suter and B. Marti	1992	Little effect of long-term, self-monitored exercise on serum lipid levels in middle-aged women		Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness			32		4	400-11						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Little effect of long-term, self-monitored exercise on serum lipid levels in middle-aged women								Pubmed 1293424						CN-00091491				To study the effect of long-term, self-monitored exercise on physical fitness and serum lipid levels of middle-aged, nonsmoking females, a controlled study was conducted in 33 sedentary Swiss women. Seventeen women were randomly allocated to jog 2h/wk for 4 months on an individually prescribed and heart rate controlled base, whereas 16 women served as controls. Although leisure-time physical activity increased significantly in exercisers compared to controls, the average running distance of 10.9 km/wk was somewhat less than expected. The "net decrease" (4-month change in exercisers minus 4-month change in controls) in the sum of four skin-folds was -4.85 mm (p < 0.05). Four-month changes in serum lipids were generally small and nonsignificant. For example, the net decrease in total triglycerides was -0.2 mmol/l (p = 0.13). Correlational analyses revealed significant associations between changes in the waist-hip ratio and changes in total cholesterol (total-C) or the HDL/total-C ratio (r = 0.44, p < 0.01 and r = -0.29, p < 0.05, respectively). An increase in endurance capacity was associated with an increase in the HDL2-subfraction and in the ratio of HDL/total-C (r = 0.46, p < 0.05 and r = 0.52, p < 0.01). Multivariate linear regression analyses confirmed a change in endurance capacity as the statistically strongest positive predictor of changes in HDL, HDL2 and the HDL/total-C ratio. However, women who used oral contraceptives did not show any favourable lipid changes despite a considerable improvement in endurance capacity. The present training study in healthy, habitually sedentary middle-aged women was not able to show the same beneficial changes in serum HDL concentration as seen in male counterparts, when analyzed according to the principle of intention-to-treat. Exploratory analyses revealed that a too low jogging activity as well as a confounding effect of oral contraceptive use may partially account for the lack of significant changes in serum lipid levels after training.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/491/CN-00091491/frame.html										
L. Svetkey, K. Pollak, W. Yancy, R. Dolor, B. Batch, G. Samsa, D. Matchar and P. Lin	2009	Hypertension improvement project: randomized trial of quality improvement for physicians and lifestyle modification for patients		Hypertension			54		6	1226-33						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Hypertension improvement project: randomized trial of quality improvement for physicians and lifestyle modification for patients								Pubmed 19920081						CN-00728609				Despite widely publicized hypertension treatment guidelines for physicians and lifestyle recommendations for patients, blood pressure control rates remain low. In community-based primary care clinics, we performed a nested, 2 x 2 randomized, controlled trial of physician intervention versus control and/or patient intervention versus control. Physician intervention included internet-based training, self-monitoring, and quarterly feedback reports. Patient intervention included 20 weekly group sessions followed by 12 monthly telephone counseling contacts and focused on weight loss, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension dietary pattern, exercise, and reduced sodium intake. The primary outcome was change in systolic blood pressure at 6 months. Eight primary care practices (32 physicians) were randomized to physician intervention or control groups. Within those practices, 574 patients were randomized to patient intervention or control groups. Patient mean age was 60 years, 61% were women, and 37% were black. Blood pressure data were available for 91% of patients at 6 months. The main effect of physician intervention on systolic blood pressure at 6 months, adjusted for baseline pressure, was 0.3 mm Hg (95% CI: 1.5 to 2.2; P=0.72). The main effect of the patient intervention was 2.6 mm Hg (95% CI: 4.4 to 0.7; P=0.01). The interaction of the 2 interventions was significant (P=0.03); the largest impact was observed with the combination of physician and patient intervention (9.7 +/- 12.7 mm Hg). Differences between treatment groups did not persist at 18 months. Combined physician and patient interventions lowers blood pressure; future research should focus on enhancing effectiveness and sustainability of these interventions.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/609/CN-00728609/frame.html										
D. Symmons, K. Tricker, C. Roberts, L. Davies, P. Dawes and D. Scott	2005	The British Rheumatoid Outcome Study Group (BROSG) randomised controlled trial to compare the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of aggressive versus symptomatic therapy in established rheumatoid arthritis		Health technology assessment (Winchester, England)			9		34	iii-iv, ix-x, 1-78						Comparative Study; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		The British Rheumatoid Outcome Study Group (BROSG) randomised controlled trial to compare the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of aggressive versus symptomatic therapy in established rheumatoid arthritis								Pubmed 16153351						CN-00530075				OBJECTIVES: To examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of symptomatic versus aggressive treatment in patients with established, stable rheumatoid arthritis (RA). DESIGN: A randomised observer-blinded controlled trial and economic evaluation with an initial assessment at randomisation and follow-ups at 12, 24 and 36 months. SETTING: Five rheumatology centres in England. The 'symptomatic care' patients were managed predominantly in primary care with regular visits by a rheumatology specialist nurse. The 'aggressive care' patients were managed predominantly in the hospital setting. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with RA for more than 5 years were screened in rheumatology clinics. INTERVENTIONS: The symptomatic care patients were seen at home every 4 months by a rheumatology specialist nurse and annually by the rheumatologist. The aim of treatment was symptom control. The aggressive care patients were seen at least every 4 months in hospital. Their treatment was altered (following predefined algorithms) with the aim of suppressing both clinical and laboratory evidence of joint inflammation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measure was the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Others included the patient and physician global assessment, pain, tender and swollen joint counts, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the OSRA (Overall Status in Rheumatoid Arthritis) score. X-rays of the hands and feet were performed at the beginning and end of the study. The EQ-5D was used in the health economic evaluation. Comprehensive costs were also estimated and were combined with measures of outcome to examine between-group differences. RESULTS: A total of 466 patients were recruited; 399 patients completed the 3 years of follow-up. There was a significant deterioration in physical function (HAQ) in both arms. There was no significant difference between the groups for any of the clinical outcome measures except the physician global assessment [adjusted mean difference 3.76 (95% CI 0.03 to 7.52)] and the OSRA disease activity component [adjusted mean difference 0.41 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.71)], both in favour of the aggressive arm. During the trial, second-line drug treatment was changed in 77.1% of the aggressive arm and 59.0% of the symptomatic arm. There were instances when the rheumatologist should have changed treatment but did not do so, usually because of mild disease activity. The symptomatic arm was associated with higher costs and higher quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). There was a net cost of 1517 Pounds Sterling per QALY gained for the symptomatic arm. Overall, the primary economic analysis and sensitivity analyses of the cost and QALY data indicate that symptomatic treatment is likely to be more cost-effective than aggressive treatment in 58-90% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: This trial showed no benefit of aggressive treatment in patients with stable established RA. However, it was difficult to persuade the rheumatologist and/or the patient to change treatment if the evidence of disease activity was minimal. Patients in the symptomatic arm were able to initiate changes of therapy when their symptoms deteriorated, without frequent hospital assessment. Approximately one-third of current clinic attenders with stable RA could be managed in a shared care setting with annual review by a rheumatologist and regular contact with a rheumatologist nurse. Further research is needed into disease progression and the use of biological agents, minimum disease activity level below which disease progression does not occur, cost-effectiveness through shared care modelling, the development of a robust and fail-safe system of primary-care based disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) monitoring, and predicting response to DMARDs.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/075/CN-00530075/frame.html										
J. Sztajzel, M. Périat, V. Marti, P. Krall and W. Rutishauser	2000	Effect of sexual activity on cycle ergometer stress test parameters, on plasmatic testosterone levels and on concentration capacity. A study in high-level male athletes performed in the laboratory		Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness			40		3	233-9						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Effect of sexual activity on cycle ergometer stress test parameters, on plasmatic testosterone levels and on concentration capacity. A study in high-level male athletes performed in the laboratory								Pubmed 11125766						CN-00330450				BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sexual activity on cycle ergometer stress test parameters, on plasmatic testosterone levels and on concentration capacity in high-level male athletes. METHODS: Experimental design. Analysis of two days of testing accomplished in a laboratory setting, comparing a day with to a day without sexual activity (control day). Participants. Fifteen high-level male athletes, consisting of 8 team players, 5 endurance athletes and 2 weight-lifters, participated in the study. Measures. Each subject completed the following on each test day: two maximal graded stress tests on a cycle ergometer and a one-hour exercise stress test coupled to an arithmetic mental concentration test. Blood samples of testosterone were obtained and cardiac activity of each athlete was monitored with a 24-hour ECG tape recording over the two test days. RESULTS: Significantly higher differences were achieved for post-effort heart rate (HR) values at 5 minutes (p<0.01) and at 10 minutes (p<0.01) during the recovery phase of the morning stress test 2 hours after sexual activity. These differences disappeared during the recovery phase of the afternoon stress test performed approximately 10 hours after sexual intercourse took place. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that sexual activity had no detrimental influence on the maximal workload achieved and on the athletes' mental concentration. However, the higher posteffort HR values after the maximal stress test on the morning of sexual intercourse suggest that the recovery capacity of an athlete could be affected if he had sexual intercourse approximately 2 hours before a competition event.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/450/CN-00330450/frame.html										
T. Taguchi, M. Yano and Y. Kido	2007	Influence of bright light therapy on postoperative patients: a pilot study					23			289-97								Influence of bright light therapy on postoperative patients: a pilot study														CN-00817656							http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/656/CN-00817656/frame.html										
B. Takase, H. Hikita, A. Uehata, K. Satomura, A. Kurita and H. Nakamura	1997	Effect of carteolol on silent myocardial ischemia, variability in heart rate, and the pain-modulating system		American heart journal			134		5 Pt 1	945-54						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial;		Effect of carteolol on silent myocardial ischemia, variability in heart rate, and the pain-modulating system								Pubmed 9398108						CN-00190297				To investigate the effects of carteolol, which is a nonselective beta-adrenergic agent with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, on silent myocardial ischemia, exercise-induced myocardial ischemia, indexes of heart rate variability, and pain-modulating system, 20 patients (mean 60 +/- 9 years) with chronic stable angina underwent exercise treadmill testing and 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring during 2 weeks of carteolol administration (15 mg/day) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Plasma levels of beta-endorphin and bradykinin and electrical pain stimulation to the skin were measured at rest and peak exercise. Indexes of heart rate variability of both time-domain and frequency-domain analysis were derived from 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. Carteolol decreased maximal heart rate responses to daily activities during ambulatory monitoring and significantly reduced the median frequency and duration of silent myocardial ischemic episodes (from 1.0 to 0.0 events/24 hr and from 16 to 0 min/24 hr, respectively). Carteolol significantly decreased the rate-pressure product at rest and during exercise with improving maximal ST segment depression, suggesting amelioration of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia. Carteolol did not significantly affect plasma levels of beta-endorphin and bradykinin or pain threshold. It significantly decreased some indexes (standard deviation of all normal sinus R-R intervals in the entire 24-hour recording and standard deviation of the mean of all 5-minute segments of normal R-R intervals of a 24-hour recording) of heart rate variability. These results suggest that carteolol may reduce total myocardial ischemic burden by the reduction of cardiac oxygen demand during daily activities and exercise stress, while not affecting plasma levels of beta-endorphin, bradykinin, and pain threshold. Because carteolol tended to decrease indexes of heart rate variability, significant caution might be necessary in prescribing the beta-blocking agents with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity like carteolol to patients with potential serious arrhythmia.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/297/CN-00190297/frame.html										
Y. Takata, O. Ou, H. Nishida and K. Sakagami	2002	Impact of self-monitoring of blood glucose on the lifestyles of subjects with fasting hyperglycemia: A randomized controlled trial		Journal of occupational health			44		1	28-33						Journal: Article		Impact of self-monitoring of blood glucose on the lifestyles of subjects with fasting hyperglycemia: A randomized controlled trial														CN-00442977				The effect of self-monitoring of blood glucose on its level and the lifestyle of male workers with fasting hyperglycemia was studied. Male workers with fasting plasma glucose levels between 6.1 and 7.7 mmol// were selected for subjects from those who had been followed up as a high-risk group for diabetes mellitus and volunteered for the trial. A total of 247 subjects were then randomized into control and intervention groups. In the intervention group, the participants were encouraged to monitor fasting blood glucose, check their body weight, and take a daily pedometer reading once a week regularly for 5 months. Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c were examined at the beginning and the end of the trial. There was no significant change in the fasting plasma glucose level, but there was a statistically significant increase in the HbA1c level (0.1 and 0.2%; p=0.0076) and a decrease in BMI (0.6 and 0.2 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; p=0.0001) for the intervention and control group, respectively. The effect of intervention on the number of subjects who improved their HbA1c levels (Relative Risk: 6.08 and 95% Confidence Interval:2.13-17.34) was found to be significant. The subjects in both groups reported a decrease in total energy intake and those in the intervention group achieved an increase in physical activity. Self-monitoring of blood glucose, together with measuring of body weight and walking-steps, helped the subjects make changes in lifestyle toward achieving a reduction in their weight. Accordingly, this method is promising for preventing persons with fasting hyperglycemia from developing diabetes mellitus.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/977/CN-00442977/frame.html										
R. K. Takenaga, J. J. Callaghan, N. A. Bedard, S. S. Liu and Y. Gao	2013	Which functional assessments predict long-term wear after total hip arthroplasty?		Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research			471		8	2586-94					Aug			Which functional assessments predict long-term wear after total hip arthroplasty?	Clin Orthop	1528-1132					PMC3705069 [Available on 08/01/14]							23568677				BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of literature concerning functional assessment at long-term followup of THAs in general and in young patients specifically. Functional data may be useful in determining differences in the performance of various implants and surgical techniques in THA.
QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: The purposes of this study were to evaluate a group of young patients who were still active 10 years after THA to determine (1) which functional tests and (2) which patient-reported outcome assessments predicted long-term THA function, as measured by acetabular UHMWPE wear, and (3) whether medical comorbidities influenced patient performance on activity tests and patient outcome questionnaires.
METHODS: Fifty patients (58 hips) 50 years and younger at the time of THA were followed clinically and radiographically for a minimum of 10 years. All patients wore step activity monitors for up to 21 days, performed 6-minute walk (6-MW) tests, and every patient had minimum 10-year radiographs and sequential radiographs evaluated for wear using edge detection techniques. Mean age and BMI at surgery were 39 years and 29 kg/m(2), respectively.
RESULTS: Patients who walked more as determined by step activity monitor (average daily steps) had more linear acetabular UHMWPE wear per year and more volumetric wear per year. The 6-MW, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), and Tegner Lysholm scores did not correlate with acetabular wear. Mean 6-MW distance was 335 m and pedometer data averaged 1.56 million steps per year. Average UCLA and Tegner Lysholm scores were 6 and 3, respectively. Mean linear wear rate was 0.266 mm/year; mean volumetric wear rate was 82.6 mm(3)/year. The number of comorbid medical conditions had a detrimental effect on our activity parameters and outcomes questionnaires, but the relationships were not statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS: Of functional tools measured, only pedometer data correlated with THA polyethylene wear. Obtaining pedometer data should be considered when trying to distinguish differences in various hip arthroplasty designs and techniques over the long term.	Takenaga, Ryan K
Callaghan, John J
Bedard, Nicholas A
Liu, Steve S
Gao, Yubo		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23568677http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23568677&id=doi:10.1007%2Fs11999-013-2968-9&issn=0009-921X&volume=471&issue=8&spage=2586&pages=2586-94&date=2013&title=Clinical+Orthopaedics+%26+Related+Research&atitle=Which+functional+assessments+predict+long-term+wear+after+total+hip+arthroplasty%3F.&aulast=Takenaga&pid=%3Cauthor%3ETakenaga+RK%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23568677%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Orthopaedics, University of Iowa Health Care, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, 01029 JPP, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

T. Takken, S. Stephens, A. Balemans, M. S. Tremblay, D. W. Esliger, J. Schneiderman, D. Biggar, P. Longmuir, V. Wright, B. McCrindle, M. Hendricks, A. Abad, J. van der Net, J. Beyene and B. M. Feldman	2010	Validation of the Actiheart activity monitor for measurement of activity energy expenditure in children and adolescents with chronic disease.[Erratum appears in Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011 Jul;65(7):878 Note: Beyene, J [added]]		European Journal of Clinical Nutrition			64		12	1494-500					Dec	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Validation Studies		Validation of the Actiheart activity monitor for measurement of activity energy expenditure in children and adolescents with chronic disease.[Erratum appears in Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011 Jul;65(7):878 Note: Beyene, J [added]]	Eur J Clin Nutr	1476-5640												20877392				BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to develop an activity energy expenditure (AEE) prediction equation for the Actiheart activity monitor for use in children with chronic disease.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: In total, 63 children, aged 8-18 years with different types of chronic disease (juvenile arthritis, hemophilia, dermatomyositis, neuromuscular disease, cystic fibrosis or congenital heart disease) participated in an activity testing session, which consisted of a resting protocol, working on the computer, sweeping, hallway walking, steps and treadmill walking at three different speeds. During all activities, actual AEE was measured with indirect calorimetry and the participants wore an Actiheart on the chest. Resting EE and resting heart rate were measured during the resting protocol and heart rate above sleep (HRaS) was calculated.
RESULTS: Mixed linear modeling produced the following prediction equation: This equation results in a nonsignificant mean difference of 2.1J/kg/min (limits of agreement: -144.2 to 148.4J/kg/min) for the prediction of AEE from the Actiheart compared with actual AEE.
CONCLUSIONS: The Actiheart is valid for the use of AEE determination when using the new prediction equation for groups of children with chronic disease. However, the prediction error limits the use of the equation in individual subjects.	Takken, T
Stephens, S
Balemans, A
Tremblay, M S
Esliger, D W
Schneiderman, J
Biggar, D
Longmuir, P
Wright, V
McCrindle, B
Hendricks, M
Abad, A
van der Net, J
Beyene, J
Feldman, B M
167391/CIHR (Canada Canadian Institutes of Health Research)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=20877392http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:20877392&id=doi:10.1038%2Fejcn.2010.196&issn=0954-3007&volume=64&issue=12&spage=1494&pages=1494-500&date=2010&title=European+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&atitle=Validation+of+the+Actiheart+activity+monitor+for+measurement+of+activity+energy+expenditure+in+children+and+adolescents+with+chronic+disease.&aulast=Takken&pid=%3Cauthor%3ETakken+T%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E20877392%3C%2FAN%3E		Child Development and Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. t.takken@umcutrecht.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

L. Talbot, E. Metter, C. Morrell, K. Frick, A. Weinstein and J. Fleg	2011	A pedometer-based intervention to improve physical activity, fitness, and coronary heart disease risk in National Guard personnel		Military medicine			176		5	592-600						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		A pedometer-based intervention to improve physical activity, fitness, and coronary heart disease risk in National Guard personnel								Pubmed 21634310						CN-00788261				To compare the effects of a pedometer-based behavioral intervention (Fitness for Life [FFL] program) and a traditional high-intensity fitness (TRAD) program on physical activity (PA), Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT), and coronary heart disease risk factors in Army National Guard members who failed the APFT 2-mile run. From a pool of 261 Army National Guard, a total of 156 were randomized to TRAD or FFL for 24 weeks consisting of a 12-week progressive conditioning program followed by 12 weeks of maintenance. For both groups, the total APFT score and 2-mile run time/score improved from baseline to 12 weeks (FFL: down 7.4%, p = 0.03; TRAD: down 5%, p = 0.08) but at 24 weeks they had regressed toward baseline. PA improved modestly and coronary risk profile changed minimally in both groups. A pedometer-based exercise intervention had results similar to a high-intensity program for improving PA, APFT, and 2-mile run times/score. Neither group sustained the improved run times over the 12 weeks of maintenance.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/261/CN-00788261/frame.html										
T. Tamura, T. Fujimoto, H. Sakaki, Y. Higashi, T. Yoshida and T. Togawa	1997	A solid-state ambulatory physical activity monitor and its application to measuring daily activity of the elderly		Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology			21		3-4	96-105					May-Aug	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		A solid-state ambulatory physical activity monitor and its application to measuring daily activity of the elderly	J Med Eng Technol	0309-1902												9222950				An ambulatory acceleration monitor was developed and used to evaluate physical activity in the elderly. The ECG and accelerations at the wrist, waist, and ankle were recorded, and the heart rate and frequency and amplitude of accelerations per unit time were evaluated in both working and retired elderly women performing normal daily activities. The heart rate closely paralleled wrist acceleration. The behaviour patterns of the subjects could be differentiated by time interval signals and histogram distributions. This system appears to be an effective method of understanding and describing the characteristic activities of the elderly in a quantitative and objective fashion.	Tamura, T
Fujimoto, T
Sakaki, H
Higashi, Y
Yoshida, T
Togawa, T		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9222950http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:9222950&id=doi:&issn=0309-1902&volume=21&issue=3&spage=96&pages=96-105&date=1997&title=Journal+of+Medical+Engineering+%26+Technology&atitle=A+solid-state+ambulatory+physical+activity+monitor+and+its+application+to+measuring+daily+activity+of+the+elderly.&aulast=Tamura&pid=%3Cauthor%3ETamura+T%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E9222950%3C%2FAN%3E		Institute for Medical and Dental Engineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. Tan, J. Magarey, S. Chee, L. Lee and M. Tan	2011	A brief structured education programme enhances self-care practices and improves glycaemic control in Malaysians with poorly controlled diabetes		Health education research			26		5	896-907						Randomized Controlled Trial		A brief structured education programme enhances self-care practices and improves glycaemic control in Malaysians with poorly controlled diabetes								Pubmed 21715653						CN-00811017				We assessed the effectiveness of a brief structured diabetes education programme based on the concept of self-efficacy on self-care and glycaemic control using single-blind study design. One hundred and sixty-four participants with poorly controlled diabetes from two settings were randomized using computer-generated list into control (n = 82) and intervention (n = 82) groups, of which 151 completed the study. Monthly interventions over 12 weeks addressed the self-care practices of diet, physical activity, medication adherence and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). These self-care practices were assessed at Weeks 0 and 12 using pre- and post-questionnaires in both groups together with glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and diabetes knowledge. In the intention-to-treat analysis (n = 164), the intervention group improved their SMBG (P = <0.001), physical activity (P = 0.001), HbA1c (P = 0.03), diabetes knowledge (P = <0.001) and medication adherence. At Week 12, HbA1c difference adjusted for SMBG frequency, medication adherence and weight change remained significant (P = 0.03) compared with control group. For within group comparisons, diabetes knowledge (P = <0.001), HbA1c level (P = <0.001), SMBG (P = <0.001) and medication adherence (P = 0.008) improved from baseline in the intervention group. In the control group, only diabetes knowledge improved (P = <0.001). These findings can contribute to the development of self-management diabetes education in Malaysia.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/017/CN-00811017/frame.html										
X. Tan, A. Saarinen, T. Mikkola, J. Tenhunen, S. Martinmäki, A. Rahikainen, S. Cheng, N. Eklund, S. Pekkala, P. Wiklund, E. Munukka, X. Wen, F. Cong, X. Wang, Y. Zhang, I. Tarkka, Y. Sun, M. Partinen and M. Alen	2013	Effects of exercise and diet interventions on obesity-related sleep disorders in men: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial		Trials			14			235						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of exercise and diet interventions on obesity-related sleep disorders in men: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 23886347						CN-00870665				BACKGROUND: Sleep is essential for normal and healthy living. Lack of good quality sleep affects physical, mental and emotional functions. Currently, the treatments of obesity-related sleep disorders focus more on suppressing sleep-related symptoms pharmaceutically and are often accompanied by side effects. Thus, there is urgent need for alternative ways to combat chronic sleep disorders. This study will investigate underlying mechanisms of the effects of exercise and diet intervention on obesity-related sleep disorders, the role of gut microbiota in relation to poor quality of sleep and day-time sleepiness, as well as the levels of hormones responsible for sleep-wake cycle regulation. METHODS/DESIGN: Participants consist of 330 (target sample) Finnish men aged 30 to 65 years. Among them, we attempt to randomize 180 (target sample) with sleep disorders into exercise and diet intervention. After screening and physician examination, 101 men with sleep disorders are included and are randomly assigned into three groups: exercise (n = 33), diet (n = 35), and control (n = 33). In addition, we attempt to recruit a target number of 150 healthy men without sleep disorders as the reference group. The exercise group undergoes a six-month individualized progressive aerobic exercise program based on initial fitness level. The diet group follows a six month specific individualized diet program. The control group and reference group are asked to maintain their normal activity and diet during intervention. Measurements are taken before and after the intervention. Primary outcomes include objective sleep measurements by polysomnography and a home-based non-contact sleep monitoring system, and subjective sleep evaluation by questionnaires. Secondary outcome measures include anthropometry, body composition, fitness, sleep disorder-related lifestyle risk factors, composition of gut microbiota and adipose tissue metabolism, as well as specific hormone and neurotranmitter levels and inflammatory biomarkers from venous blood samples. DISCUSSION: It is expected that the improvement of sleep quality after exercise and diet intervention will be evident both in subjective and objective measures of quality of sleep. Additionally, the change of sleep quality induced by exercise and diet intervention is expected to be related to the changes in specific hormones and inflammatory biomarkers, and in the composition of gut microbiota.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/665/CN-00870665/frame.html										
K. T. Tang, A. M. Richardson, D. Maxwell, W. D. Spence and B. W. Stansfield	2013	Evaluation of an activity monitor for the objective measurement of free-living physical activity in children with cerebral palsy		Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation			94		12	2549-58					Dec	Evaluation Studies
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Validation Studies		Evaluation of an activity monitor for the objective measurement of free-living physical activity in children with cerebral palsy	Arch Phys Med Rehabil	1532-821X												23924440				OBJECTIVE: To explore the use of an activity monitor (AM) to objectively characterize free-living physical activity (F-LPA) in children with mobility impairment resulting from cerebral palsy (CP).
DESIGN: First, a validation study compared outcomes from the AM with video evidence. Second, multiday F-LPA was characterized. Relationships between laboratory measures and F-LPA were explored.
SETTING: The evaluation study was conducted in a laboratory environment. F-LPA monitoring was conducted in the participants' free-living environment.
PARTICIPANTS: Convenience sample of ambulatory children (N=15; 11 boys, 4 girls) aged 5 to 17 years with CP undergoing gait analysis.
INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Accuracy of the AM for sitting/lying time, upright time, stepping time, and strides taken. Daily volumes of F-LPA of children with CP.
RESULTS: AM outcomes in comparison with video-based analysis were (mean + SD) 97.4%+2.7%, 101.1%+1.5%, 99.5%+6.6%, 105.6%+15.8%, and 103.8%+10.1% for sitting/lying time, upright time, standing time, stepping time, and stride count, respectively. Participants' daily F-LPA demonstrated considerable variation: mean standing time + SD, 2.33+.96h/d; mean stepping time + SD, 1.68+.86h/d; mean steps per day + SD, 8477+4528; and mean sit-to-stand transitions per day + SD, 76+49. Laboratory-measured cadence and mobility level were related to F-LPA, but not directly.
CONCLUSIONS: The AM demonstrated excellent ability to determine sitting/lying and upright times in children with CP. Stepping time and stride count had lower levels of agreement with video-based analysis but were comparable to findings in previous studies. Crouch gait and toe walking had an adverse effect on outcomes. The F-LPA data provided additional information on children's performance not related to laboratory measures, demonstrating the added value of using this objective measurement technique. Copyright 2013 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Tang, Kit Tzu
Richardson, Alison M
Maxwell, Douglas
Spence, William D
Stansfield, Benedict W
S0003-9993(13)00584-4		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23924440http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23924440&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.apmr.2013.07.019&issn=0003-9993&volume=94&issue=12&spage=2549&pages=2549-58&date=2013&title=Archives+of+Physical+Medicine+%26+Rehabilitation&atitle=Evaluation+of+an+activity+monitor+for+the+objective+measurement+of+free-living+physical+activity+in+children+with+cerebral+palsy.&aulast=Tang&pid=%3Cauthor%3ETang+KT%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23924440%3C%2FAN%3E		Bioengineering Unit, University of Strathclyde, Wolfson Centre, Glasgow, Scotland
Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, St. James Hospital, Leeds, England.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

K. T. Tang, A. M. Richardson, D. Maxwell, W. D. Spence and B. W. Stansfield	2013	Evaluation of an Activity Monitor for the Objective Measurement of Free-Living Physical Activity in Children With Cerebral Palsy		Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation			94		12	2549-2558								Evaluation of an Activity Monitor for the Objective Measurement of Free-Living Physical Activity in Children With Cerebral Palsy		0003-9993												2012386679. Language: English. Entry Date: 20140103. Revision Date: 20140103. Publication Type: journal article				Abstract: Objective: To explore the use of an activity monitor (AM) to objectively characterize free-living physical activity (F-LPA) in children with mobility impairment resulting from cerebral palsy (CP). Design: First, a validation study compared outcomes from the AM with video evidence. Second, multiday F-LPA was characterized. Relationships between laboratory measures and F-LPA were explored. Setting: The evaluation study was conducted in a laboratory environment. F-LPA monitoring was conducted in the participants' free-living environment. Participants: Convenience sample of ambulatory children (N=15; 11 boys, 4 girls) aged 5 to 17 years with CP undergoing gait analysis. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Accuracy of the AM for sitting/lying time, upright time, stepping time, and strides taken. Daily volumes of F-LPA of children with CP. Results: AM outcomes in comparison with video-based analysis were (mean ± SD) 97.4%±2.7%, 101.1%±1.5%, 99.5%±6.6%, 105.6%±15.8%, and 103.8%±10.1% for sitting/lying time, upright time, standing time, stepping time, and stride count, respectively. Participants' daily F-LPA demonstrated considerable variation: mean standing time ± SD, 2.33±.96h/d; mean stepping time ± SD, 1.68±.86h/d; mean steps per day ± SD, 8477±4528; and mean sit-to-stand transitions per day ± SD, 76±49. Laboratory-measured cadence and mobility level were related to F-LPA, but not directly. Conclusions: The AM demonstrated excellent ability to determine sitting/lying and upright times in children with CP. Stepping time and stride count had lower levels of agreement with video-based analysis but were comparable to findings in previous studies. Crouch gait and toe walking had an adverse effect on outcomes. The F-LPA data provided additional information on children's performance not related to laboratory measures, demonstrating the added value of using this objective measurement technique.	research. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Online/Print; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Pediatric Care; Physical Therapy. Instrumentation: Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS); Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire (GFAQ). Grant Information: Supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) as part of the Medical Devices Doctoral Training Centre.. NLM UID: 2985158R.
PMID: 23924440		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2012386679&site=ehost-live		Bioengineering Unit, University of Strathclyde, Wolfson Centre, Glasgow, Scotland
Anderson Gait Analysis Laboratory, Edinburgh, Scotland
PAL Technologies Ltd, Glasgow, Scotland
School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland						rzh	EBSCOhost	
P. Tang, J. Overhage, A. Chan, N. Brown, B. Aghighi, M. Entwistle, S. Hui, S. Hyde, L. Klieman, C. Mitchell, A. Perkins, L. Qureshi, T. Waltimyer, L. Winters and C. Young	2013	Online disease management of diabetes: engaging and motivating patients online with enhanced resources-diabetes (EMPOWER-D), a randomized controlled trial		Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA			20		3	526-34						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Online disease management of diabetes: engaging and motivating patients online with enhanced resources-diabetes (EMPOWER-D), a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 23171659						CN-00878203				OBJECTIVE: To evaluate an online disease management system supporting patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Engaging and Motivating Patients Online With Enhanced Resources for Diabetes was a 12-month parallel randomized controlled trial of 415 patients with type 2 diabetes with baseline glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) values ?7.5% from primary care sites sharing an electronic health record. The intervention included: (1) wirelessly uploaded home glucometer readings with graphical feedback; (2) comprehensive patient-specific diabetes summary status report; (3) nutrition and exercise logs; (4) insulin record; (5) online messaging with the patient's health team; (6) nurse care manager and dietitian providing advice and medication management; and (7) personalized text and video educational 'nuggets' dispensed electronically by the care team. A1C was the primary outcome variable. RESULTS: Compared with usual care (UC, n=189), patients in the intervention (INT, n=193) group had significantly reduced A1C at 6 months (-1.32% INT vs -0.66% UC; p<0.001). At 12 months, the differences were not significant (-1.14% INT vs -0.95% UC; p=0.133). In post hoc analysis, significantly more INT patients had improved diabetes control (>0.5% reduction in A1C) than UC patients at 12 months (69.9 (95% CI 63.2 to 76.5) vs 55.4 (95% CI 48.4 to 62.5); p=0.006). CONCLUSIONS: A nurse-led, multidisciplinary health team can manage a population of diabetic patients in an online disease management program. INT patients achieved greater decreases in A1C at 6 months than UC patients, but the differences were not sustained at 12 months. More INT than UC patients achieved improvement in A1C (>0.5% decrease). Trial registered in clinical trials.gov: #NCT00542204.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/203/CN-00878203/frame.html										
M. Tanskanen, K. Westerterp, A. Uusitalo, M. Atalay, K. Hakkinen, H. Kinnunen and H. Kyrolainen	2012	Effects of Easy-to-Use Protein-Rich Energy Bar on Energy Balance, Physical Activity and Performance during 8 Days of Sustained Physical Exertion		PloS one			7		10							Journal: Article		Effects of Easy-to-Use Protein-Rich Energy Bar on Energy Balance, Physical Activity and Performance during 8 Days of Sustained Physical Exertion														CN-00901706				Background: Previous military studies have shown an energy deficit during a strenuous field training course (TC). This study aimed to determine the effects of energy bar supplementation on energy balance, physical activity (PA), physical performance and well-being and to evaluate ad libitum fluid intake during wintertime 8-day strenuous TC. Methods: Twenty-six men (age 20+1 yr.) were randomly divided into two groups: The control group (n = 12) had traditional field rations and the experimental (Ebar) group (n = 14) field rations plus energy bars of 4.1 MJ*day<sup>-1</sup>. Energy (EI) and water intake was recorded. Fat-free mass and water loss were measured with deuterium dilution and elimination, respectively. The energy expenditure was calculated using the intake/balance method and energy availability as (EI/estimated basal metabolic rate). PA was monitored using an accelerometer. Physical performance was measured and questionnaires of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), hunger and mood state were recorded before, during and after TC. Results: Ebar had a higher EI and energy availability than the controls. However, decreases in body mass and fat mass were similar in both groups representing an energy deficit. No differences were observed between the groups in PA, water balance, URTI symptoms and changes in physical performance and fat-free mass. Ebar felt less hunger after TC than the controls and they had improved positive mood state during the latter part of TC while controls did not. Water deficit associated to higher PA. Furthermore, URTI symptoms and negative mood state associated negatively with energy availability and PA. Conclusion: An easy-to-use protein-rich energy bars did not prevent energy deficit nor influence PA during an 8-day TC. The high content of protein in the bars might have induced satiation decreasing energy intake from field rations. PA and energy intake seems to be primarily affected by other factors than energy supplementation such as mood state. 2012 Tanskanen et al.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/706/CN-00901706/frame.html										
K. Taraldsen, O. Sletvold, P. Thingstad, I. Saltvedt, M. H. Granat, S. Lydersen and J. L. Helbostad	2014	Physical behavior and function early after hip fracture surgery in patients receiving comprehensive geriatric care or orthopedic care--a randomized controlled trial		Journals of Gerontology Series A-Biological Sciences & Medical Sciences			69		3	338-45					Mar	Comparative Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Physical behavior and function early after hip fracture surgery in patients receiving comprehensive geriatric care or orthopedic care--a randomized controlled trial	J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci	1758-535X												23902933				BACKGROUND: This study is a part of the randomized controlled trial, the Trondheim Hip Fracture Trial, and it compared physical behavior and function during the first postoperative days for hip fracture patients managed with comprehensive geriatric care (CGC) with those managed with orthopedic care (OC).
METHODS: Treatment comprised CGC with particular focus on mobilization, or OC. A total of 397 hip fracture patients, age 70 years or older, home dwelling, and able to walk 10 m before the fracture, were included. Primary outcome was measurement of upright time (standing and walking) recorded for 24 hours the fourth day postsurgery by a body-worn accelerometer-based activity monitor. Secondary outcomes were number of upright events on Day 4, need for assistance in ambulation measured by the Cumulated Ambulation score on Days 1-3, and lower limb function measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery on Day 5 postsurgery.
RESULTS: A total of 317 (CGC n = 175, OC n = 142) participants wore the activity monitor for a 24-hour period. CGC participants had significantly more upright time (mean 57.6 vs 45.1 min, p = .016), higher number of upright events (p = .005) and better Short Physical Performance Battery scores (p = .002), than the OC participants. Cumulated Ambulation score did not differ between groups (p = .234).
CONCLUSIONS: When treated with CGC, compared with OC, older persons suffering a hip fracture spent more time in upright, had more upright events, and had better lower limb function early after surgery despite no difference in their need for assistance during ambulation.	Taraldsen, Kristin
Sletvold, Olav
Thingstad, Pernille
Saltvedt, Ingvild
Granat, Malcolm H
Lydersen, Stian
Helbostad, Jorunn L		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23902933http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23902933&id=doi:10.1093%2Fgerona%2Fglt097&issn=1079-5006&volume=69&issue=3&spage=338&pages=338-45&date=2014&title=Journals+of+Gerontology+Series+A-Biological+Sciences+%26+Medical+Sciences&atitle=Physical+behavior+and+function+early+after+hip+fracture+surgery+in+patients+receiving+comprehensive+geriatric+care+or+orthopedic+care--a+randomized+controlled+trial.&aulast=Taraldsen&pid=%3Cauthor%3ETaraldsen+K%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23902933%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. kristin.taraldsen@ntnu.no.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

K. Taraldsen, T. Askim, O. Sletvold, E. Einarsen, K. Bjåstad, B. Indredavik and J. Helbostad	2011	Evaluation of a body-worn sensor system to measure physical activity in older people with impaired function		Physical therapy			91		2	277-85						Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Evaluation of a body-worn sensor system to measure physical activity in older people with impaired function								Pubmed 21212377						CN-00780296				BACKGROUND: There is limited information on reliable and valid measures of physical activity in older people with impaired function. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to compare the accuracy of single-axis accelerometers in recognizing postures and transitions and step counting with the accuracy of video recordings in people with stroke (n=14), older inpatients (n=14), people with hip fracture (n=8), and a reference group of 10 adults who were healthy. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study, evaluating the concurrent validity of small body-worn accelerometers against video observations as the criterion measure. METHODS: Activity data were collected from 3 sensors (activPAL) attached to the thighs and the sternum and from registration of the same activities from video recordings. Participants performed a test protocol of in-bed, transfer, and walking activities. RESULTS: The sensor system was highly accurate in classifying lying, sitting, and standing positions (100%) and in recognizing transitions from lying to sitting positions and from sitting to standing positions (100%). Placement of a sensor on the nonaffected leg resulted in less underestimation of step counts than placement on the affected leg. Still, the sensor system underestimated step counts during walking, especially at slow walking speeds (?0.47 m/s) (limits of agreement=-2.01 to 16.54, absolute percent error=40.31). LIMITATIONS: The study was performed in a controlled setting and not during the natural performance of activities. CONCLUSIONS: The activPAL sensor system provides valid measures of postures and transitions in older people with impaired walking ability. Step counting needs to be improved for the sensor system to be acceptable for this population, especially at slow walking speeds.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/296/CN-00780296/frame.html										
K. Taraldsen, O. Sletvold, P. Thingstad, I. Saltvedt, M. Granat, S. Lydersen and J. Helbostad	2014	Physical behavior and function early after hip fracture surgery in patients receiving comprehensive geriatric care or orthopedic care--a randomized controlled trial		Journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences			69		3	338-45: Article		Physical behavior and function early after hip fracture surgery in patients receiving comprehensive geriatric care or orthopedic care--a randomized controlled trial														CN-00984753				This study is a part of the randomized controlled trial, the Trondheim Hip Fracture Trial, and it compared physical behavior and function during the first postoperative days for hip fracture patients managed with comprehensive geriatric care (CGC) with those managed with orthopedic care (OC). Treatment comprised CGC with particular focus on mobilization, or OC. A total of 397 hip fracture patients, age 70 years or older, home dwelling, and able to walk 10 m before the fracture, were included. Primary outcome was measurement of upright time (standing and walking) recorded for 24 hours the fourth day postsurgery by a body-worn accelerometer-based activity monitor. Secondary outcomes were number of upright events on Day 4, need for assistance in ambulation measured by the Cumulated Ambulation score on Days 1-3, and lower limb function measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery on Day 5 postsurgery. A total of 317 (CGC n = 175, OC n = 142) participants wore the activity monitor for a 24-hour period. CGC participants had significantly more upright time (mean 57.6 vs 45.1 min, p = .016), higher number of upright events (p = .005) and better Short Physical Performance Battery scores (p = .002), than the OC participants. Cumulated Ambulation score did not differ between groups (p = .234). When treated with CGC, compared with OC, older persons suffering a hip fracture spent more time in upright, had more upright events, and had better lower limb function early after surgery despite no difference in their need for assistance during ambulation.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/753/CN-00984753/frame.html										
D. Tate, E. Jackvony and R. Wing	2003	Effects of Internet behavioral counseling on weight loss in adults at risk for type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial		Jama			289		14	1833-6						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of Internet behavioral counseling on weight loss in adults at risk for type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial								Pubmed 12684363						CN-00436486				CONTEXT: Weight loss programs on the Internet appear promising for short-term weight loss but have not been studied for weight loss in individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes; thus, the longer-term efficacy is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of an Internet weight loss program alone vs with the addition of behavioral counseling via e-mail provided for 1 year to individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A single-center randomized controlled trial conducted from September 2001 to September 2002 in Providence, RI, of 92 overweight adults whose mean (SD) age was 48.5 (9.4) years and body mass index, 33.1 (3.8). INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomized to a basic Internet (n = 46) or to an Internet plus behavioral e-counseling program (n = 46). Both groups received 1 face-to-face counseling session and the same core Internet programs and were instructed to submit weekly weights. Participants in e-counseling submitted calorie and exercise information and received weekly e-mail behavioral counseling and feedback from a counselor. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Measured weight and waist circumference at 0 and 12 months. RESULTS: Intent-to-treat analyses showed the behavioral e-counseling group lost more mean (SD) weight at 12 months than the basic Internet group (-4.4 [6.2] vs -2.0 [5.7] kg; P =.04), and had greater decreases in percentage of initial body weight (4.8% vs 2.2%; P =.03), body mass index (-1.6 [2.2] vs -0.8 [2.1]; P =.03), and waist circumference (-7.2 [7.5] vs -4.4 [5.7] cm; P =.05). CONCLUSION: Adding e-mail counseling to a basic Internet weight loss intervention program significantly improved weight loss in adults at risk of diabetes.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/486/CN-00436486/frame.html										
D. Tate, E. Jackvony and R. Wing	2006	A randomized trial comparing human e-mail counseling, computer-automated tailored counseling, and no counseling in an Internet weight loss program		Archives of internal medicine			166		15	1620-5						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		A randomized trial comparing human e-mail counseling, computer-automated tailored counseling, and no counseling in an Internet weight loss program								Pubmed 16908795						CN-00567307				BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that e-mail counseling improves weight loss achieved in self-directed Internet programs. Computer-tailored feedback offers a population-based alternative to human e-mail counseling. METHODS: One hundred ninety-two adults, aged 49.2 +/- 9.8 years, having a body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of 32.7 +/- 3.5, were randomized to 1 of 3 Internet treatment groups: No counseling, computer-automated feedback, or human e-mail counseling. All participants received 1 weight loss group session, coupons for meal replacements, and access to an interactive Web site. The human e-mail counseling and computer-automated feedback groups also had access to an electronic diary and message board. The human e-mail counseling group received weekly e-mail feedback from a counselor, and the computer-automated feedback group received automated, tailored messages. RESULTS: Retention was 82% at 3 months and 80% at 6 months for all 3 groups. At 3 months, completers in both the computer-automated feedback (-5.3 +/- 4.2 kg) and human e-mail counseling (-6.1 +/- 3.9 kg) groups had significantly greater weight losses compared with the no counseling group (-2.8 +/- 3.5 kg) and these groups did not differ from each other. At 6 months, weight losses were significantly greater in the human e-mail counseling group (-7.3 +/- 6.2 kg) than in the computer-automated feedback (-4.9 +/- 5.9 kg) or no counseling (-2.6 +/- 5.7 kg) groups. Intent-to-treat analyses using single or multiple imputation techniques showed the same pattern of significance. CONCLUSIONS: Providing automated computer-tailored feedback in an Internet weight loss program was as effective as human e-mail counseling at 3 months. Further research is needed to improve the efficacy of automated computer-tailored feedback as a population-based weight loss approach.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/307/CN-00567307/frame.html										
A. Taylor, T. Thompson, C. Greaves, R. Taylor, C. Green, F. Warren, R. Kandiyali, P. Aveyard, R. Ayres, R. Byng, J. Campbell, M. Ussher, S. Michie and R. West	2014	A pilot randomised trial to assess the methods and procedures for evaluating the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Exercise Assisted Reduction then Stop (EARS) among disadvantaged smokers		Health technology assessment			18		4							Journal: Article		A pilot randomised trial to assess the methods and procedures for evaluating the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Exercise Assisted Reduction then Stop (EARS) among disadvantaged smokers														CN-00978782				Background: There have been few rigorous studies on the effects of behavioural support for helping smokers to reduce who do not immediately wish to quit. While reduction may not have the health benefits of quitting, it may lead smokers to want to quit. Physical activity (PA) helps to reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms, and also reduces weight gain after quitting, but smokers may be less inclined to exercise. There is scope to develop and determine the effectiveness of interventions to support smoking reduction and increase physical activity, for those not ready to quit. Objective: To conduct a pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) [Exercise Assisted Reduction then Stop (EARS) smoking study] to (1) design and evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a PA and smoking-reduction counselling intervention [for disadvantaged smokers who do not wish to quit but do want to reduce their smoking (to increase the likelihood of quitting)], and (2) to inform the design of a large RCT to determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the intervention. Design: A single-centre, pragmatic, pilot trial with follow-up up to 16 weeks. A mixed methods approach assessed the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention and trial methods. Smokers were individually randomised to intervention or control arms. Setting: General practices, NHS buildings, community venues, and the Stop Smoking Service (SSS) within Plymouth, UK. Participants: Aged > 18 years, smoking > 10 cigarettes per day (for > 2 years) who wished to cut down. We excluded individuals who were contraindicated for moderate PA, posed a safety risk to the research team, wished to quit immediately or use Nicotine Replacement Therapy, not registered with a general practitioner, or did not converse in English. Intervention: We designed a client-centred, counselling-based intervention designed to support smoking reduction and increases in PA. Support sessions were delivered by trained counsellors either face to face or by telephone. Both intervention and control arms were given information at baseline on specialist SSS support available should they have wished to quit. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was 4-week post-quit expired air carbon monoxide (CO)-confirmed abstinence from smoking. Secondary outcomes included validated behavioural, cognitive and emotional/affective and health-related quality of life measures and treatment costs. Results: The study randomised 99 participants, 49 to the intervention arm and 50 to the control arm, with a 62% follow-up rate at 16 weeks. In the intervention and control arms, 14% versus 4%, respectively [relative risk = 3.57; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78 to 16.35], had expired CO-confirmed abstinence at least 4 and up to 8 weeks after quit day; 22% versus 6% (relative risk = 3.74; 95% CI 1.11 to 12.60) made a quit attempt; 10% versus 4% (relative risk = 92.55; 95% CI 0.52 to 12.53) achieved point-prevalent abstinence at 16 weeks; and 39% versus 20% (relative risk = 1.94; 95% CI 1.01 to 3.74) achieved at least a 50% reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked daily. The percentage reporting using PA for controlling smoking in the intervention versus control arms was 55% versus 22%, respectively at 8 weeks and 37% versus 16%, respectively, at 16 weeks. The counsellors generally delivered the intervention as planned and participants responded with a variety of smoking reduction strategies, sometimes supported by changes in PA. The intervention costs were approximately 192 per participant. Exploratory cost-effectiveness modelling indicates that the intervention may be cost-effective. Conclusions: The study provided valuable information on the resources needed to improve study recruitment and retention. Offering support for smoking reduction and PA appears to have value in promoting reduction and cessation in disadvantaged smokers not currently motivated to quit. A large RCT is needed to assess the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the intervention in this population. Trial registration: ISRCTN 13837944. Funding: This project was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment, Vol. 18, No. 4. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. Queen's Printer and Controller of HMSO 2014.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/782/CN-00978782/frame.html										
C. B. Taylor, R. King, A. Ehlers, J. Margraf, D. Clark, C. Hayward, W. T. Roth and S. Agras	1987	Treadmill exercise test and ambulatory measures in panic attacks		American Journal of Cardiology			60		18	48J-52J					Dec 28	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Treadmill exercise test and ambulatory measures in panic attacks	Am J Cardiol	0002-9149												3425557				Treadmill exercise test performance and ambulatory heart rate and activity patterns of 40 patients with panic attacks were compared with 20 age-matched controls (control group 1) and 20 nonexercising controls (control group 2). All patients underwent a symptom-limited exercise stress test. Panic attack patients and control group 1 wore an ambulatory heart rate/activity monitor for up to 3 days. Panic patients had a significantly higher heart rate at 4 and 6 METS than either control group. The max METS were 11.2 +/- 2.3, 13.5 +/- 2.3 and 11.2 +/- 1.8 for the panic attack patients and control groups 1 and 2, respectively. One panic patient had ischemia on the treadmill at 12 METS. Panic patients had a significantly higher standing heart rate than controls. Furthermore, 11 of 39 panic patients had tachycardia on standing compared with 3 of 40 controls. Panic attack patients had higher wake and sleep heart rates than control group 1, but the differences were not significant. These results are consistent with autonomic dysfunction in panic patients but may also be due to differences in physical conditioning. The treadmill can be useful for reassuring patients and for identifying the rare patient with ischemia on exercise.	Taylor, C B
King, R
Ehlers, A
Margraf, J
Clark, D
Hayward, C
Roth, W T
Agras, S
MH16744 (United States NIMH NIH HHS)
MH40118-03 (United States NIMH NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med2&AN=3425557http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1980+to+1987%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:3425557&id=doi:&issn=0002-9149&volume=60&issue=18&spage=48J&pages=48J-52J&date=1987&title=American+Journal+of+Cardiology&atitle=Treadmill+exercise+test+and+ambulatory+measures+in+panic+attacks.&aulast=Taylor&pid=%3Cauthor%3ETaylor+CB%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E3425557%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, California.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. Teichman, A. Ferrick, S. Kim, J. Matos, L. Waspe and J. Fisher	1987	Disopyramide-pyridostigmine interaction: selective reversal of anticholinergic symptoms with preservation of antiarrhythmic effect		Journal of the American College of Cardiology			10		3	633-41						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Disopyramide-pyridostigmine interaction: selective reversal of anticholinergic symptoms with preservation of antiarrhythmic effect								Pubmed 3624669						CN-00049692				This double-blind, randomized, placebo crossover study was used to evaluate the effects of a cholinesterase inhibitor--slow-release pyridostigmine (180 mg orally every 12 hours)--on the anticholinergic and antiarrhythmic properties of disopyramide. Quantitative side effects questionnaire scores were used to guide disopyramide administration in 20 men with ventricular tachycardia. Disopyramide was given to each patient both with placebo and with active pyridostigmine. The maximal administered dose for each regimen was used in conjunction with corresponding questionnaire scores to calculate an index or estimate of the maximal tolerable dose of disopyramide. Additional evaluations performed at baseline and at each maximal administered dose regimen included tear and saliva quantitation, 24 hour electrocardiogram (ECG), exercise testing and programmed ventricular stimulation. Results showed that the maximal administered dose of disopyramide was greater with active pyridostigmine than with placebo: 295 +/- 75 versus 245 +/- 100 mg every 6 hours (p less than 0.05). The calculated maximal tolerable dose was substantially greater in the presence of pyridostigmine: 355 +/- 90 versus 260 +/- 115 mg every 6 hours (p less than 0.001). Maximal side effects questionnaire scores also reflected decreased anticholinergic activity in the presence of pyridostigmine compared with placebo: 101.9 +/- 2.2 versus 104.6 +/- 2.8, respectively (p less than 0.005). Baseline tear and saliva production was significantly reduced during disopyramide therapy, but was restored toward normal by the addition of pyridostigmine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/692/CN-00049692/frame.html										
A. Teresi?ska, J. Wnuk, S. Konieczna and A. Dabrowski	2005	Verification of the left ventricular ejection fraction from gated myocardial perfusion studies (GSPECT)		Kardiologia polska			63		5	465-75; discussion 476-7						Controlled Clinical Trial; Validation Studies		Verification of the left ventricular ejection fraction from gated myocardial perfusion studies (GSPECT)								Pubmed 16362849						CN-00561766				INTRODUCTION: The perfusion study (which may be obtained using SPECT or GSPECT technology within six hours of administration of the radionuclide Tc-99m-MIBI) reflects the regional blood supply to the left ventricular [LV] myocardium at the time of radionuclide administration (i.e. at rest, at peak exercise, or at peak vasodilatation), while the values of EF, EDV, and ESV measured using GSPECT are parameters of LV contractility at the time of image acquisition (i.e. at rest or in a nearresting state following exercise or vasodilatation). Planar radionuclide ventriculography [RNV] is, however, considered to be the most accurate method for calculating LVEF. AIMS: The main goal of the study was to compare the values of EF obtained by the most frequently used method, GSPECTQGS, and the reference method, RNV - taking into consideration various clinical scenarios (presence or absence of LV dilatation) and various conditions under which GSPECT was recorded (at rest, post-exercise, or post-dipyridamole). METHODS: Two hundred patients (145 males) aged 58+/-11 (18-80) with previously confirmed (n=166, of whom 108 had a history of myocardial infarction) or suspected (n=34) coronary artery disease were included in the study. Ranges of normal values for EF, EDV, and ESV were established based on a group of 26 'normal' subjects. LV dilatation was defined as an EDV >127 ml (at rest, measured by QGS) - this was present in 88 patients. Myocardial perfusion studies were obtained using GSPECT following administration of Tc-99m-MIBI at rest (all patients), as well as one hour after treadmill exercise (138 patients) or dipyridamole administration (48 patients). The resting RNV was conducted within three weeks of the GSPECT exam. The EF values obtained by QGS and RNV were compared for patients with and without LV dilatation. EF, EDV, and ESV values obtained by QGS were compared for resting patients, post-exercise, and post-dipyridamole. RESULTS: 1. The GSPECT EF values calculated using QGS software, at rest or one hour after treadmill exercise or dipyridamole administration, demonstrated, for the study population as a whole, a significant, strong correlation with the results obtained by the reference method, RNV (correlation coefficient, r> or =0.86). The correlation was stronger in patients with LV dilatation than in those without. Both in patients with and without LV dilatation the correlation of EF with RNV was slightly weaker for postexercise (relative to resting) and post-dipyridamole (relative to post-exercise) measurements. 2. QGS tended to underestimate the absolute values of EF, as compared to RNV. 3. In post-exercise and post-dipyridamole measurements, relative to the resting measurements (in patients with previously diagnosed or suspected coronary artery disease) the mean values of EF were lower while EDV and ESV were higher. CONCLUSIONS: In order to complement data on myocardial perfusion, the GSPECT-QGS technique should be optimally used to calculate LV contractility parameters at rest (as opposed to post-exercise or post-dipyridamole), and include a range of normal values for EF, EDV, and ESV, obtained using QGS. Of note, EF measurements by GSPECT are more accurate for dilated than non-dilated ventricles.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/766/CN-00561766/frame.html										
P. Terrier, K. Aminian and Y. Schutz	2001	Can accelerometry accurately predict the energy cost of uphill/downhill walking?		Ergonomics			44		1	48-62					Jan 15	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Can accelerometry accurately predict the energy cost of uphill/downhill walking?	Ergonomics	0014-0139												11214898				To evaluate whether an activity monitor based on body acceleration measurement can accurately assess the energy cost of the human locomotion, 12 subjects walked a combination of three different speeds (preferred speed +/- 1 km/h) and seven slopes (-15 to +15% by steps of 5%) on a treadmill. Body accelerations were recorded using a triaxial accelerometer attached to the low back. The mean of the integral of the vector magnitude (norm) of the accelerations (mIAN) was calculated. VO2 was measured using continuous indirect calorimetry. When the results were separately analysed for each incline, mIAN was correlated to VO2 (average r = 0.87, p<0.001, n = 36). VO2 was not significantly correlated to mIAN when data were globally analysed (n = 252). Large relative errors occurred when predicted VO2 (estimated from data of level walking) was compared with measured VO2 for different inclines (-53% at +15% incline, to +55% at -15% incline). It is concluded that without an external measurement of the slope, the standard method of analysis of body accelerations cannot accurately predict the energy cost of uphill or downhill walking.	Terrier, P
Aminian, K
Schutz, Y		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11214898http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:11214898&id=doi:&issn=0014-0139&volume=44&issue=1&spage=48&pages=48-62&date=2001&title=Ergonomics&atitle=Can+accelerometry+accurately+predict+the+energy+cost+of+uphill%2Fdownhill+walking%3F.&aulast=Terrier&pid=%3Cauthor%3ETerrier+P%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E11214898%3C%2FAN%3E		Institute of Physiology, Lausanne University, Switzerland.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

D. H. Thijssen, T. M. Eijsvogels, M. Hesse, D. B. Ballak, G. Atkinson and M. T. Hopman	2011	The effects of thoracic and cervical spinal cord lesions on the circadian rhythm of core body temperature		Chronobiology International			28		2	146-54					Mar	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The effects of thoracic and cervical spinal cord lesions on the circadian rhythm of core body temperature	Chronobiol Int	1525-6073												21231876				Individuals with a spinal cord injury (SCI) have compromised afferent and efferent information below the lesion. Intact afferent information regarding skin temperature and the ability to regulate skin blood flow lead to an altered heat balance, which may impact the circadian variation in core body temperature (Tcore) and sleep-wake cycle. The authors assessed the circadian variation of Tcore in SCI individuals and able-bodied controls matched for the timing of the sleep-wake cycle. The authors examined subjects who had a high (cervical) or a low (thoracic) lesion. Intestinal Tcore (telemetry system) and physical activity (ambulatory activity monitor) levels were measured continuously and simultaneously in 8 tetraplegics, 7 paraplegics, and 8 able-bodied controls during one 24-h period of "normal" living. The regression slope between activity and Tcore was also calculated for each 2-h bin. Circadian rhythm parameters were estimated with partial Fourier time-series analysis, and groups were compared with general linear models, adjusted for the influence of individual wake-time. The (mean + SD) dominant period length for controls, paraplegics, and tetraplegics were 24.4 + 5.4 h, 22.5 + 5.0 h, and 16.5 + 5.1 h, respectively (p =.02). A significantly more pronounced 8-h harmonic was found for the variation in Tcore of SCI individuals (p = .05). Tetraplegics showed the highest nocturnal mean Tcore (p = .005), a 5-h phase-advanced circadian trough time (p = .04), and more variable relationships between physical activity and Tcore (p = .03). Taken together, tetraplegics demonstrate a pronounced disturbance of the circadian variation of Tcore, whereas the variation of Tcore in paraplegics was comparable to able-bodied controls.	Thijssen, Dick H J
Eijsvogels, Thijs M H
Hesse, Marina
Ballak, Dov B
Atkinson, Greg
Hopman, Maria T E		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21231876http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21231876&id=doi:10.3109%2F07420528.2010.540364&issn=0742-0528&volume=28&issue=2&spage=146&pages=146-54&date=2011&title=Chronobiology+International&atitle=The+effects+of+thoracic+and+cervical+spinal+cord+lesions+on+the+circadian+rhythm+of+core+body+temperature.&aulast=Thijssen&pid=%3Cauthor%3EThijssen+DH%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21231876%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. D.Thijssen@fysiol.umcn.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

E. Thoman and S. Graham	1986	Self-regulation of stimulation by premature infants		Pediatrics			78		5	855-60						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Self-regulation of stimulation by premature infants								Pubmed 3763299						CN-00044752				Premature babies are capable of seeking contact with a source of rhythmic stimulation that reflects their own breathing rhythm. Optional stimulation, in the form of a "breathing" stuffed bear, was made available to premature infants, 32 to 35 weeks' gestational age. The bear's breathing rate was matched to that of each individual infant during quiet sleep. Other infants were exposed to a bear that did not breathe, and some infants were not exposed to a bear. All infants were monitored continuously using time-lapse video. After 2 to 3 weeks' exposure, those infants with a breathing bear showed significantly more contact with their head, body, or limbs than either of the control groups (for the no-bear group, contact with the area that would have been occupied by the bear was determined to describe the contact that might have been expected by chance). In addition, the infants given the opportunity to self-regulate their stimulation showed greater amounts of quiet sleep than the other two groups.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/752/CN-00044752/frame.html										
G. Thomas, D. Macfarlane, B. Guo, B. Cheung, S. McGhee, K. Chou, J. Deeks, T. Lam and B. Tomlinson	2012	Health promotion in older Chinese: a 12-month cluster randomized controlled trial of pedometry and "peer support"		Medicine and science in sports and exercise			44		6	1157-66						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Health promotion in older Chinese: a 12-month cluster randomized controlled trial of pedometry and "peer support"								Pubmed 22143109						CN-00868880				PURPOSE: Aging, in conjunction with decreasing physical activity, is associated with a range of health problems. Simple, low-maintenance, population-based means of promoting activity to counteract the age-associated decline are required. We therefore assessed the effect of pedometry and buddy support to increase physical activity. METHODS: We undertook a clustered randomized trial (HKCTR-346) of 24 community centers involving 399 older Chinese participants (? 60 yr). Centers were randomly allocated to 1) pedometry and buddy, 2) pedometry and no buddy, 3) no pedometry and buddy, and 4) no pedometry and no buddy with a 2 × 2 factorial design. The trial simultaneously tested the individual and combined effects of the interventions. The intervention groups also received monthly organized group activities to provide encouragement and support. Outcome measures were assessed at 6 and 12 months, including physical fitness and activity and cardiovascular disease risk factors (anthropometry and blood pressure). RESULTS: From the 24 centers, 356 volunteers (89.2%) completed the study. Those receiving the interventions had higher mean physical activity levels at 12 months of 1820 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1360-2290) and 1260 (95% CI = 780-1740) MET·min·wk(-1), respectively relative to the decrease in the control groups. The buddy peer support intervention significantly improved mean aerobic fitness (12% [95% CI = 4%-21%]) and reduced both body fat (-0.6% [95% CI = -1.1% to 0.0%]) and time to complete the 2.5-m get-up-and-go test (-0.27 [95% CI = -0.53 to -0.01] s). No other improvements in the cardiovascular disease risk factors were observed. The combination of motivational tools was no better than the individual interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Both motivational interventions increased physical activity levels, and the buddy style improved fitness. These tools could be useful adjuncts in the prevention of obesity and age-related complications.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/880/CN-00868880/frame.html										
S. Thomas, J. Esposito and S. Ezzat	2003	Exercise training benefits growth hormone (GH)-deficient adults in the absence or presence of GH treatment		Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism			88		12	5734-8						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Exercise training benefits growth hormone (GH)-deficient adults in the absence or presence of GH treatment								Pubmed 14671161						CN-00459543				Reduced aerobic capacity is a prominent manifestation among patients with GH deficiency (GHD). Exercise training may improve the physiological capacity to undertake aerobic activity. The ability of patients with GHD to participate in and benefit from a structured program of aerobic exercise with or without replacement recombinant human GH (rhGH) was investigated. We examined the effect of aerobic training on cycle ergometers in a double-blind crossover trial. Ten patients with GHD trained for 3 months with rhGH (6 microg/kg.d) or placebo, stopped both exercise and drug for 2 months, and resumed training for another 3 months with the other agent. Peak oxygen uptake (VO(2)peak) and ventilation threshold (VeT) were measured during a progressive cycle ergometer test to fatigue or symptom-limited maximum. Serum IGF-I levels were monitored to assess compliance with GH treatment. VO(2)peak was low at the two baseline measures (B1, 19.3 +/- 5.5; B2, 19.9 +/- 6.9 ml/kg.min; normal, approximately 30 ml/kg.min) as was VeT (B1, 11.6 +/- 2.2 ml/kg.min; B2, 11.7 +/- 2.6 ml/kg.min; normal, approximately 16 ml/kg.min). Exercise training increased VeT with (8.6%) or without (9.4%) rhGH treatment. Similarly, exercise training resulted in significant reduction in submaximal heart rate in the presence (-5 +/- 4 beats per minute; P < 0.05) or absence of rhGH treatment (-4 +/- 4 beats per minute; P < 0.05). Peak oxygen uptake was not significantly affected by training with or without rhGH treatment. Our findings suggest that exercise training is a feasible intervention in GH-deficient adults that can measurably improve their submaximal responses to exercise. The beneficial effects of exercise can mimic and are not additive to the effects of GH treatment alone.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/543/CN-00459543/frame.html										
R. Thomeé	1997	A comprehensive treatment approach for patellofemoral pain syndrome in young women		Physical therapy			77		12	1690-703						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		A comprehensive treatment approach for patellofemoral pain syndrome in young women								Pubmed 9413448						CN-00146325				BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were (1) to evaluate a comprehensive treatment approach for patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome and (2) to compare a training program using isometric muscle contractions with a training program using eccentric muscle contractions. SUBJECTS: Forty female patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome, aged 15 to 28 years (mean = 20.2, SD = 3.2), were randomly assigned to either a group using isometric muscle contractions or a group using eccentric muscle contractions. METHODS: The effects of 12 weeks of treatment, consisting of an educational component and a training program, on physical activity, pain, and muscle function were evaluated after 3 and 12 months. RESULTS: No differences were found between the two groups, except in one of the torque measurements. A reduction in pain and improvements in torque, vertical jumping ability, and physical activity level were seen in both groups after treatment. At the 12-month follow-up, 85% of the subjects were participating in sports without pain and 37 subjects rated their overall knee function as excellent or good. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: The results indicate that the improvements shown in this study may be due to spontaneous recovery over time, the education given to the subjects, the pain monitoring system, the gradually progressing training program, and the adjusted physical activity. [Thomeé R. A. Comprehensive treatment approach for patellofemoral pain syndrome in young women.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/325/CN-00146325/frame.html										
D. Thompson, D. Bailey, J. Hill, T. Hurst, J. Powell and C. Williams	2004	Prolonged vitamin C supplementation and recovery from eccentric exercise		European journal of applied physiology			92		1-2	133-8						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial;		Prolonged vitamin C supplementation and recovery from eccentric exercise								Pubmed 15024666						CN-00489141				We have previously shown that vitamin C supplementation affects recovery from an unaccustomed bout of demanding exercise, with the most pronounced effect being that on plasma interleukin-6 concentration. However, because of the proposed role of interleukin-6 in the regulation of metabolism, it was unclear whether this represented a reduced response to muscle damage or some form of interaction with the metabolic demands of the activity. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the same form of supplementation on a bout of exercise that initiated similar muscle damage but had a low metabolic cost. Fourteen male subjects were allocated to either a placebo (P) or a vitamin C (VC) group. The VC group consumed 200 mg of ascorbic acid twice a day for 14 days prior to a bout of exercise and for the 3 days after exercise. The P group consumed identical capsules that contained 200 mg lactose. Subjects performed 30 min of downhill running at a gradient of -18% and recovery was monitored for up to 3 days after exercise. Plasma VC concentrations in the VC group increased following supplementation. Nevertheless, downhill running provoked a similar increase in circulating markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase activity and myoglobin concentration) and muscle soreness in P and VC groups. Similarly, although downhill running increased plasma interleukin-6, there was no effect from VC supplementation. These results suggest that vitamin C supplementation does not affect interleukin-6 concentrations following eccentric exercise that has a low metabolic component.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/141/CN-00489141/frame.html										
D. Thompson, D. Markovitch, J. Betts, D. Mazzatti, J. Turner and R. Tyrrell	2010	Time course of changes in inflammatory markers during a 6-mo exercise intervention in sedentary middle-aged men: a randomized-controlled trial		Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)			108		4	769-79						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Time course of changes in inflammatory markers during a 6-mo exercise intervention in sedentary middle-aged men: a randomized-controlled trial								Pubmed 20368384						CN-00762282				Regular exercise may improve systemic markers of chronic inflammation, but direct evidence and dose-response information is lacking. The objective of this study was to examine the effect and time course of changes in markers of chronic inflammation in response to progressive exercise training (and subsequent detraining). Forty-one sedentary men 45-64 yr of age completed either a progressive 24-wk exercise intervention or control followed by short-term removal of the intervention (2-wk detraining). Serum IL-6 fell by -0.4 pg/ml (SD 0.6) after 12 wk and responded to moderate-intensity exercise. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity fell -7 U/l (SD 11) at 24 wk although there was no evidence of any change by week 12 (and therefore ALT required more vigorous-intensity activity and/or a more prolonged intervention). The effect on IL-6 was lost after 2-wk detraining whereas the change in ALT was retained. The temporal fall and rise in IL-6 with training and subsequent detraining in men with high IL-6 at baseline provided a retrospective opportunity to examine parallel genomic changes in peripheral mononuclear cells. A subset of 53 probes was differentially regulated by at least twofold after training with 31 of these changes being lost after detraining (n = 6). IL-6 responded quickly to the carefully monitored exercise intervention (within weeks) and required only moderate-intensity exercise, whereas ALT took longer to change and/or required more vigorous-intensity exercise. Further work is required to determine whether any of the genes that temporally changed in parallel with changes in IL-6 are a cause or consequence of this response.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/282/CN-00762282/frame.html										
A. Thorndike, L. Sonnenberg, E. Healey, K. Myint-U, J. Kvedar and S. Regan	2012	Prevention of weight gain following a worksite nutrition and exercise program: a randomized controlled trial		American journal of preventive medicine			43		1	27-33						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Prevention of weight gain following a worksite nutrition and exercise program: a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 22704742						CN-00854035				BACKGROUND: Many employers are now providing wellness programs to help employees make changes in diet and exercise behaviors. Improving health outcomes and reducing costs will depend on whether employees sustain lifestyle changes and maintain a healthy weight over time. PURPOSE: To determine if a 9-month maintenance intervention immediately following a 10-week worksite exercise and nutrition program would prevent regain of the weight lost during the program. DESIGN: RCT. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: In 2008, a total of 330 employees from 24 teams completed a 10-week exercise and nutrition program at a large hospital worksite and were randomized by team to maintenance or control (usual care) for 9 months. INTERVENTION: Internet support with a website for goal-setting and self-monitoring of weight and exercise plus minimal personal support. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Weight loss, percentage weight loss, time spent in physical activity, and frequency of consumption of fruits/vegetables, fatty foods, and sugary foods at 1 year compared to baseline. One-year follow-up was completed in 2010, and data were analyzed in 2011. RESULTS: At 1 year, 238 subjects (72%) completed follow-up assessments. Mean baseline BMI was 27.6 and did not differ between intervention and control. Compared to baseline, both groups lost weight during the 10-week program and maintained 65% of weight loss at 1 year (p<0.001). There was no difference in weight loss between groups at the end of the 10-week program (4.8 lbs vs 4.3 lbs, p=0.53 for group X time interaction) or end of maintenance at 1 year (3.4 lbs vs 2.5 lbs, p=0.40 for group X time interaction). All subjects had improvements in physical activity and nutrition (increased fruits/vegetables and decreased fat and sugar intake) at 1 year but did not differ by group. CONCLUSIONS: An intensive 10-week team-based worksite exercise and nutrition program resulted in moderate weight loss and improvements in diet and exercise behaviors at 1 year, but an Internet-based maintenance program immediately following the 10-week program did not improve these outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov NCT00707577.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/035/CN-00854035/frame.html										
L. E. Thorp, D. Orozco, J. A. Block, D. R. Sumner and M. A. Wimmer	2012	Activity Levels in Healthy Older Adults: Implications for Joint Arthroplasty		ISRN Orthopedics						1-5								Activity Levels in Healthy Older Adults: Implications for Joint Arthroplasty		2090-6161												2012078132. Language: English. Entry Date: 20130510. Revision Date: 20140314. Publication Type: journal article				This work evaluated activity levels in a group of healthy older adults to establish a target activity level for adults of similar age after total joint arthroplasty (TJA).With the decreasing age of TJA patients, it is essential to have a reference for activity level in younger patients as activity level affects quality of life and implant design. 54 asymptomatic, healthy older adults with no clinical evidence of lower extremity OA participated. The main outcome measure, average daily step count, was measured using an accelerometerbased activity monitor. On average the group took 8813 ± 3611 steps per day, approximately 4000 more steps per day than has been previously reported in patients following total joint arthroplasty. The present work provides a reference for activity after joint arthroplasty which is relevant given the projected number of people under the age of 65 who will undergo joint arthroplasty in the coming years.	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Online; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Gerontologic Care. Grant Information: One or more of the authors has received research funding from the Foundation for Physical Therapy Promotion of Doctoral Studies Grant (LET) and by Grant R03AR052039 from NIAMS/NIH (MAW)..		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2012078132&site=ehost-live		Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, 600 South Paulina Street, Armour Academic Facilities, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 600 South Paulina Street, Armour Academic Facilities, Chicago, IL 60612, USA						rzh	EBSCOhost	
A. Tiessen, A. Smit, J. Broer, K. Groenier and K. Meer	2012	Randomized controlled trial on cardiovascular risk management by practice nurses supported by self-monitoring in primary care		BMC family practice			13			90						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Randomized controlled trial on cardiovascular risk management by practice nurses supported by self-monitoring in primary care								Pubmed 22947269						CN-00840203				UNLABELLED: BACKGROUND: Treatment goals for cardiovascular risk management are generally not achieved. Specialized practice nurses are increasingly facilitating the work of general practitioners and self-monitoring devices have been developed as counseling aid. The aim of this study was to compare standard treatment supported by self-monitoring with standard treatment without self-monitoring, both conducted by practice nurses, on cardiovascular risk and separate risk factors. METHODS: Men aged 50-75 years and women aged 55-75 years without a history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes, but with a SCORE 10-year risk of cardiovascular mortality ? 5% and at least one treatable risk factor (smoking, hypertension, lack of physical activity or overweight), were randomized into two groups. The control group received standard treatment according to guidelines, the intervention group additionally received pro-active counseling and self-monitoring (pedometer, weighing scale and/ or blood pressure device). After one year treatment effect on 179 participants was analyzed. RESULTS: SCORE risk assessment decreased 1.6% (95% CI 1.0-2.2) for the control group and 1.8% (1.2-2.4) for the intervention group, difference between groups was .2% (-.6-1.1). Most risk factors tended to improve in both groups. The number of visits was higher and visits took more time in the intervention group (4.9 (SD2.2) vs. 2.6 (SD1.5) visits p<?.001 and 27 (P25 -P75:20-33) vs. 23 (P25 -P75:19-30) minutes/visit p=?.048). CONCLUSIONS: In both groups cardiovascular risk decreased significantly after one year of treatment by practice nurses. No additional effect of basing the pro-active counseling on self-monitoring was found, despite the extra time investment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: trialregister.nl NTR2188.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/203/CN-00840203/frame.html										
J. Tilson, S. Wu, S. Cen, Q. Feng, D. Rose, A. Behrman, S. Azen and P. Duncan	2012	Characterizing and identifying risk for falls in the LEAPS study: a randomized clinical trial of interventions to improve walking poststroke		Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation			43		2	446-52						Randomized Controlled Trial		Characterizing and identifying risk for falls in the LEAPS study: a randomized clinical trial of interventions to improve walking poststroke								Pubmed 22246687						CN-00970917				BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Better understanding of fall risk poststroke is required for developing screening and prevention programs. This study characterizes falls in the Locomotor Experience Applied Post-Stroke (LEAPS) randomized clinical trial, describes the impact of 2 walking recovery interventions on falls, and examines the value of clinical assessments for predicting falls. METHODS: Community-dwelling ambulatory stroke survivors enrolled in LEAPS were assessed 2 months poststroke. Falls were monitored until 12 months poststroke and participants were characterized as multiple or injurious (M/I); single, noninjurious; or nonfallers. Incidence and time to M/I falls were compared across interventions (home exercise and locomotor training initiated 2 months [early-LTP] or 6 months [late-LTP] poststroke). Predictive value of 2-month clinical assessments for falls outcome was assessed. RESULTS: Among the 408 participants, 36.0% were M/I, 21.6% were single, noninjurious, and 42.4% were nonfallers. Most falls occurred at home in the first 3 months after assessment. Falls incidence was highest for those with severe walking impairment who received early-LTP (P=0.025). Berg Balance Scale score ? 42/56 was the single best predictor of M/I falls. CONCLUSIONS: As individuals with stroke improve in walking capacity, risk for M/I falls remains high. Individuals walking <0.4 m/s are at higher risk for M/I falls if they receive early-LTP training. Berg Balance Scale score at 2 months poststroke is useful for informing falls risk, but it cannot account for the multifactorial nature of the problem. Falls prevention in stroke will require multifactorial risk assessment and management provided concomitantly with exercise interventions to improve mobility. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00243919.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/917/CN-00970917/frame.html										
A. Timperio, J. Salmon, M. Rosenberg and F. Bull	2004	Do logbooks influence recall of physical activity in validation studies?		Medicine and science in sports and exercise			36		7	1181-6						Journal: Article		Do logbooks influence recall of physical activity in validation studies?														CN-00516172				Purpose: To examine whether physical activity logbooks influence estimates of validity of 7-d recall physical activity questionnaires. Methods: A convenience sample of 551 adults aged 18-75 yr wore an MTI accelerometer for seven consecutive days and were then randomly administered two of four 7-d recall physical activity questionnaires that varied in length and format (Active Australia Survey (AAS), long and short International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ-L and IPAQ-S), and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)). A subsample of 75% concurrently completed a physical activity logbook. Results: Correlations (rho) between self-reported and measured duration of moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity and total activity were similar among participants who received a logbook and those who did not for each of the four instruments. There was also no interaction between assessment method (survey, accelerometer) and the assignment of a logbook. For the IPAQ-L, however, variability in the difference between accelerometer data and responses to the vigorous items was smaller among those assigned a logbook (F = 4.128, df = 260, P = 0.043). Overall, there were no differences in percent agreement or kappa for participation in sufficient levels of physical activity according to receipt of a logbook for any of the surveys. Conclusion: The process of self-monitoring through completion of a logbook does not appear to influence estimates of validity for brief or long questionnaires with global questions. Whereas the magnitude of error in accuracy of recall of particular types of activity may be reduced by completion of a logbook that is similar in structure to the survey being validated, this does not appear to influence overall estimates of validity.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/172/CN-00516172/frame.html										
P. R. Tingstrom, U. Ekelund, K. Kamwendo and B. Bergdahl	2006	Effects of a problem-based learning rehabilitation program on physical activity in patients with coronary artery disease		Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation			26		1	32-8					Jan-Feb	Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of a problem-based learning rehabilitation program on physical activity in patients with coronary artery disease	J Cardiopulm Rehabil	0883-9212												16617225				PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of a problem-based learning (PBL) rehabilitation program on physical activity.
METHODS: We randomized 207 consecutive patients younger than 70 years, with a recent event of coronary artery disease (CAD), to a PBL group (n = 104) or a control group (n = 103). In addition to standard treatment, the PBL patients participated in a 1-year program with 13 sessions in small groups, where learning needs and behavior change were focused upon. Physical activity was assessed by means of interviews with all patients and by an activity monitor in 69 patients at pretest and in 175 after 1 year.
RESULTS: Only small differences between groups were found at posttest. Interview data revealed significantly less activity at low-intensity level in the control group, whereas the activity monitor showed no significant differences. No changes were found in total physical activity during the year within the 2 groups. The self-reported physical activity indicating a level of brisk walking was markedly higher than that measured by the activity monitor, the latter indicating that only 35% of the patients achieved a 10-minute period of continued physical activity per day on an adequate level.
CONCLUSIONS: Our PBL program had no important impact on the physical activity pattern of patients with CAD. The activity monitor is a feasible way of measuring physical activity in these patients, indicating a lower level of physical activity than interview data.	Tingstrom, Pia R
Ekelund, Ulf
Kamwendo, Kitty
Bergdahl, Bjorn		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16617225http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:16617225&id=doi:&issn=0883-9212&volume=26&issue=1&spage=32&pages=32-8&date=2006&title=Journal+of+Cardiopulmonary+Rehabilitation&atitle=Effects+of+a+problem-based+learning+rehabilitation+program+on+physical+activity+in+patients+with+coronary+artery+disease.&aulast=Tingstrom&pid=%3Cauthor%3ETingstrom+PR%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E16617225%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Medicine and Care, Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden. piati@imv.liu.se						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

P. Tingström, U. Ekelund, K. Kamwendo and B. Bergdahl	2012	Effects of a problem-based learning rehabilitation program on physical activity in patients with coronary artery disease		Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation			26		1	32-8						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of a problem-based learning rehabilitation program on physical activity in patients with coronary artery disease								Pubmed 16617225						CN-00564237				PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of a problem-based learning (PBL) rehabilitation program on physical activity. METHODS: We randomized 207 consecutive patients younger than 70 years, with a recent event of coronary artery disease (CAD), to a PBL group (n = 104) or a control group (n = 103). In addition to standard treatment, the PBL patients participated in a 1-year program with 13 sessions in small groups, where learning needs and behavior change were focused upon. Physical activity was assessed by means of interviews with all patients and by an activity monitor in 69 patients at pretest and in 175 after 1 year. RESULTS: Only small differences between groups were found at posttest. Interview data revealed significantly less activity at low-intensity level in the control group, whereas the activity monitor showed no significant differences. No changes were found in total physical activity during the year within the 2 groups. The self-reported physical activity indicating a level of brisk walking was markedly higher than that measured by the activity monitor, the latter indicating that only 35% of the patients achieved a 10-minute period of continued physical activity per day on an adequate level. CONCLUSIONS: Our PBL program had no important impact on the physical activity pattern of patients with CAD. The activity monitor is a feasible way of measuring physical activity in these patients, indicating a lower level of physical activity than interview data.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/237/CN-00564237/frame.html										
M. Tobin, W. Perez, S. Guenther, G. D'Alonzo and D. Dantzker	1986	Breathing pattern and metabolic behavior during anticipation of exercise		Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)			60		4	1306-12						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Breathing pattern and metabolic behavior during anticipation of exercise								Pubmed 3700308						CN-00042526				The mechanisms responsible for the marked increase in ventilation at the onset of exercise are incompletely defined. A conditioned response to exercise anticipation has been suggested as an influencing factor, but systematic measurements have not been made during the transition from rest to the time when exercise is anticipated but has not yet commenced. We tested the hypothesis that cortical activity associated with the anticipation of exercise causes hyperpnea, which is at least partly responsible for the increased ventilation at the onset of exercise. To assess the influence of continuous cortical activity in the absence of exercise anticipation the subjects performed mental arithmetic tasks. Fifteen subjects performed the two experiments in a random order. Ventilation was measured noninvasively using a calibrated respiratory inductive plethysmograph and end-tidal CO2 concentration (FETCO2) was monitored at the nasal vestibule. Both exercise anticipation and mental arithmetic caused an increase in minute ventilation (VI) (P less than 0.01) and mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI, P less than 0.01), which reflects respiratory center drive, although the derivation differed in that the former was volume based, whereas the latter was due to alteration in timing. Despite the increase in VI, FETCO2 remained constant in both instances. In a complementary study the constant FETCO2 in the face of increased VI was shown to be due to increased CO2 output. The results show that the mere anticipation of exercise causes an increase in ventilation. The mechanism responsible for this hyperpnea cannot be due solely to respiratory center activation because of the constancy of FETCO2 and the associated alterations in cardiac and metabolic behavior.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/526/CN-00042526/frame.html										
I. Tobita, S. Suzuki, T. Kobayashi, Y. Shimizu and K. Umeshita	2009	A programme to encourage participation of haemodialysis patients in an exercise regimen		Journal of renal care			35		1	48-53						Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		A programme to encourage participation of haemodialysis patients in an exercise regimen								Pubmed 19200278						CN-00684861				Recent research has reinforced the idea that haemodialysis (HD) patients should exercise to maintain their physical functioning and improve their quality of life. Some effective exercise programmes are available for HD patients. However, these programmes are not always completed by the patients who enrol in them, and therefore, these patients do not maintain long-term physical activity. In this study, a support programme based on the concepts of self-monitoring, verbal reinforcement and motivation was developed to encourage continued participation of HD patients in an exercise regimen. Intervention group participants were provided a support programme in addition to the exercise programme, whereas nonintervention group participants were only provided the exercise programme. The two groups were compared for 12 weeks. The intervention group participants showed a significantly higher rate of continuation of independent exercise than the nonintervention group participants.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/861/CN-00684861/frame.html										
F. Togo, E. Watanabe, H. Park, R. J. Shephard and Y. Aoyagi	2005	Meteorology and the physical activity of the elderly: the Nakanojo Study		International Journal of Biometeorology			50		2	83-9					Nov	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Meteorology and the physical activity of the elderly: the Nakanojo Study	Int J Biometeorol	0020-7128												16044348				Seasonal changes in ambient temperature and day length are thought to modify habitual physical activity. However, relationships between such environmental factors and the daily physical activity of older populations remain unclear. The present study thus examined associations between meteorological variables and the number of steps taken per day by elderly Japanese. Continuous pedometer counts over a 450-day period were collected from 41 healthy subjects (age 71+/-4 years), none of whom engaged in any specific occupational activity or exercise programs. An electronic physical activity monitor was attached to a belt worn on the left side of the body throughout the day. Daily values for mean ambient temperature, duration of bright sunshine, mean wind speed, mean relative humidity, and precipitation were obtained from local meteorological stations. The day length was calculated from times of sunrise and sunset. Based on the entire group of 41 subjects (ensemble average), a subject's step count per day decreased exponentially with increasing precipitation (r2=0.19, P<0.05). On days when precipitation was <1 mm, the step count increased with the mean ambient temperature over the range of -2 to 17 degrees C, but decreased over the range 17-29 degrees C. The daily step count also tended to increase with day length, but the regression coefficient of determination attributable to step count and mean ambient temperature (r2=0.32, P<0.05) exceeded that linking the step count and day length (r2=0.13, P<0.05). The influence of other meteorological factors was small (r2<or=0.03) and of little practical significance. On days when precipitation is <1 mm, physical activity is associated more strongly with ambient temperature than with day length, duration of bright sunshine, wind speed, or relative humidity. Our findings have practical implications for health promotion efforts designed to increase the physical activity of elderly people consistently in the face of seasonal variations in environmental conditions.	Togo, Fumiharu
Watanabe, Eiji
Park, Hyuntae
Shephard, Roy J
Aoyagi, Yukitoshi		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16044348http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:16044348&id=doi:&issn=0020-7128&volume=50&issue=2&spage=83&pages=83-9&date=2005&title=International+Journal+of+Biometeorology&atitle=Meteorology+and+the+physical+activity+of+the+elderly%3A+the+Nakanojo+Study.&aulast=Togo&pid=%3Cauthor%3ETogo+F%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E16044348%3C%2FAN%3E		Exercise Sciences Research Group, Division of Physiology and Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

B. Tomlinson, J. Cruickshank, Y. Hayes, J. Renondin, J. Lui, B. Graham, A. Jones, A. Lewis and B. Prichard	1990	Selective beta-adrenoceptor partial agonist effects of pindolol and xamoterol on skeletal muscle assessed by plasma creatine kinase changes in healthy subjects		British journal of clinical pharmacology			30		5	665-72						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Selective beta-adrenoceptor partial agonist effects of pindolol and xamoterol on skeletal muscle assessed by plasma creatine kinase changes in healthy subjects								Pubmed 1980200						CN-00072488				1. The effects of selective beta-adrenoceptor partial agonist activity on plasma creatine kinase (CK) and skeletal muscle symptoms were studied in normal volunteers. 2. A drug with beta 1-selective partial agonist activity (xamoterol) and one with partial agonist activity acting mainly through beta 2-adrenoceptors (pindolol) were each given for 3 weeks in a randomised double-blind crossover study in 10 subjects. Five additional subjects received only one drug. Plasma CK levels were monitored during a baseline placebo run-in phase, the active treatment period and a placebo washout phase which continued until CK levels returned to baseline. 3. The degree of beta-adrenoceptor antagonism was determined by the inhibition of exercise-induced tachycardia and was similar for the two drug doses used. 4. During pindolol administration plasma CK levels rose compared with pretreatment baseline levels and with levels during xamoterol administration which did not rise. After pindolol was withdrawn CK levels reached higher peaks in some subjects after 1-5 days. 5. Muscle cramps were reported by five subjects during pindolol administration and by one of these subjects but to a lesser extent during xamoterol administration. 6. Pindolol may produce this effect, which was not seen with xamoterol, because of its specific beta 2-adrenoceptor partial agonist activity. Elevations in plasma CK produced by this type of drug or its withdrawal may cause confusion in the diagnosis of muscle disease or myocardial infarction unless the myocardial isoenzyme is measured.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/488/CN-00072488/frame.html										
B. Torun and F. Viteri	1994	Influence of exercise on linear growth		European journal of clinical nutrition			48		Suppl. 1	S186-s189						Journal: Conference Paper		Influence of exercise on linear growth														CN-00392187				The effects of exercise on linear growth were investigated in malnourished rats and in preschool children recovering from protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). Physical activity was either restricted or forced upon weanling rats that were pair-fed with 73 or 49% of the food eaten ad libitum by rats of the same age. Physically active animals grew more in length and weight than their inactive counterparts. In a subsequent study, 20 children, 24-48 months old, under treatment for severe PEM, were assigned to either an Active group (stimulated, but not forced, to participate in games and activities that involved walking uphill, climbing a ramp, running, tumbling and climbing stairs) or a Control group (with the ad libitum pattern of physical activity and rest commonly observed in child-care and nutrition rehabilitation centers). Dietary intake was controlled and almost identical in both groups (2.5 + 0.07 g protein and 117 + 7 kcal/kg/day). Mean energy expenditure during daytime, assessed by heart rate monitoring and its relationship with oxygen consumption, were 2.0 and 1.7 times basal metabolic rate in the Active and Control groups, respectively (P < 0.01). In 6 weeks, both groups gained an average of 1.98 kg. However, the Active group grew more in length (22 + 8 vs 14 + 6 mm, P < 0.05) and lean body mass (final creatinine-height index: 0.97 + 0.12 vs 0.89 + 0.09, P < 0.05). The inactivity that accompanies severe malnutrition may contribute to stunting, whereas mild-to-moderate exercise combined with a good diet enhances linear growth. This may be mediated by endocrine growth factors, whose synthesis is prompted by exercise.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/187/CN-00392187/frame.html										
A. Touillet, H. Guesdon, G. Bosser, J. M. Beis and J. Paysant	2010	Assessment of compliance with prescribed activity by hemiplegic stroke patients after an exercise programme and physical activity education		Annals of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine			53		4	250-7, 257-65					May	Comparative Study		Assessment of compliance with prescribed activity by hemiplegic stroke patients after an exercise programme and physical activity education	Ann Phys Rehabil Med	1877-0665												20399174				UNLABELLED: Although post-stroke exercise training programmes improve aerobic capacity and functional capacities in the short-term, the impact on exercise performance at home has not been established.
OBJECTIVES: To assess compliance with prescribed physical activity by hemiplegic stroke patients. To compare the patients' stated activity with their actual activity.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a prospective pilot study of nine hemiplegic patients following an exercise training programme. Each patient's activity was measured using an activity monitor (the ActivPAL) before, during and immediately after the programme and then 3months after the end of the programme. The activity actually performed was compared with the levels recommended after a stroke (at least 30minutes of non-stop activity three times a week). Three months after the end of the programme, the patient's stated and actual activities (in terms of frequency and duration) were compared.
RESULTS: Activity patterns changed immediately after the end of the programme. Short-term compliance was good for four patients. However, 3months later, only one patient was performing regular activity in accordance with the guidelines. Hence, medium-term compliance was poor. Most patients overestimated both the duration and frequency of their activity sessions.
CONCLUSION: Three months after the end of the supervised training programme, compliance with physical activity guidelines was low. The ActivPAL activity monitor is easy to use and performs satisfactorily. It can be used as a tool for activity assessment and education intervention. The use of an actimeter may increase the efficacy of health education interventions, which promote physical activity. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	Touillet, A
Guesdon, H
Bosser, G
Beis, J-M
Paysant, J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=20399174http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:20399174&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.rehab.2010.03.005&issn=1877-0657&volume=53&issue=4&spage=250&pages=250-7%2C+257-65&date=2010&title=Annals+of+Physical+%26+Rehabilitation+Medicine&atitle=Assessment+of+compliance+with+prescribed+activity+by+hemiplegic+stroke+patients+after+an+exercise+programme+and+physical+activity+education.&aulast=Touillet&pid=%3Cauthor%3ETouillet+A%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E20399174%3C%2FAN%3E		Institut regional de medecine physique et de readaptation, 75, boulevard Lobau, 54042 Nancy cedex, France. amelie.touillet@wanadoo.fr						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English
French

A. D. Townshend, C. J. Worringham and I. B. Stewart	2010	Spontaneous pacing during overground hill running		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			42		1	160-9					Jan	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Spontaneous pacing during overground hill running	Med Sci Sports Exerc	1530-0315												20010117				PURPOSE: To investigate speed regulation during overground running on undulating terrain.
METHODS: After an initial laboratory session to calculate physiological thresholds, eight experienced runners completed a spontaneously paced time trial over three laps of an outdoor course involving uphill, downhill, and level sections. A portable gas analyzer, global positioning system receiver, and activity monitor were used to collect physiological, speed, and stride frequency data.
RESULTS: Participants ran 23% slower on uphills and 13.8% faster on downhills compared with level sections. Speeds on level sections were significantly different for 78.4 +/- 7.0 s following an uphill and 23.6 +/- 2.2 s following a downhill. Speed changes were primarily regulated by stride length, which was 20.5% shorter uphill and 16.2% longer downhill, whereas stride frequency was relatively stable. Oxygen consumption averaged 100.4% of runner's individual ventilatory thresholds on uphills, 78.9% on downhills, and 89.3% on level sections. Approximately 89% of group-level speed was predicted using a modified gradient factor. Individuals adopted distinct pacing strategies, both across laps and as a function of gradient.
CONCLUSIONS: Speed was best predicted using a weighted factor to account for prior and current gradients. Oxygen consumption (VO2) limited runner's speeds only on uphill sections and was maintained in line with individual ventilatory thresholds. Running speed showed larger individual variation on downhill sections, whereas speed on the level was systematically influenced by the preceding gradient. Runners who varied their pace more as a function of gradient showed a more consistent level of oxygen consumption. These results suggest that optimizing time on the level sections after hills offers the greatest potential to minimize overall time when running over undulating terrain.	Townshend, Andrew D
Worringham, Charles J
Stewart, Ian B		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=20010117http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:20010117&id=doi:10.1249%2FMSS.0b013e3181af21e2&issn=0195-9131&volume=42&issue=1&spage=160&pages=160-9&date=2010&title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&atitle=Spontaneous+pacing+during+overground+hill+running.&aulast=Townshend&pid=%3Cauthor%3ETownshend+AD%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E20010117%3C%2FAN%3E		Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Human Movement Studies, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

T. Travison, S. Basaria, T. Storer, A. Jette, R. Miciek, W. Farwell, K. Choong, K. Lakshman, N. Mazer, A. Coviello, P. Knapp, J. Ulloor, A. Zhang, B. Brooks, A. Nguyen, R. Eder, N. LeBrasseur, A. Elmi, E. Appleman, L. Hede-Brierley, G. Bhasin, A. Bhatia, A. Lazzari, S. Davis, P. Ni, L. Collins and S. Bhasin	2011	Clinical meaningfulness of the changes in muscle performance and physical function associated with testosterone administration in older men with mobility limitation		Journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences			66		10	1090-9						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Clinical meaningfulness of the changes in muscle performance and physical function associated with testosterone administration in older men with mobility limitation								Pubmed 21697501						CN-00811150				CONTEXT: Testosterone in Older Men with Mobility Limitations Trial determined the effects of testosterone on muscle performance and physical function in older men with mobility limitation. Trial's Data and Safety Monitoring Board recommended enrollment cessation due to increased frequency of adverse events in testosterone arm. The changes in muscle performance and physical function were evaluated in relation to participant's perception of change. METHODS: Men aged 65 years and older, with mobility limitation, total testosterone 100-350 ng/dL, or free testosterone less than 50 pg/mL, were randomized to placebo or 10 g testosterone gel daily for 6 months. Primary outcome was leg-press strength. Secondary outcomes included chest-press strength, stair-climb, 40-m walk, muscle mass, physical activity, self-reported function, and fatigue. Proportions of participants exceeding minimally important difference in study arms were compared. RESULTS: Of 209 randomized participants, 165 had follow-up efficacy measures. Mean (SD) age was 74 (5.4) years and short physical performance battery score 7.7 (1.4). Testosterone arm exhibited greater improvements in leg-press strength, chest-press strength and power, and loaded stair-climb than placebo. Compared with placebo, significantly greater proportion of men receiving testosterone improved their leg-press and chest-press strengths (43% vs 18%, p = .01) and stair-climbing power (28% vs 10%, p = .03) more than minimally important difference. Increases in leg-press strength and stair-climbing power were associated with changes in testosterone levels and muscle mass. Physical activity, walking speed, self-reported function, and fatigue did not change. CONCLUSIONS: Testosterone administration in older men with mobility limitation was associated with patient-important improvements in muscle strength and stair-climbing power. Improvements in muscle strength and only some physical function measures should be weighed against the risk of adverse events in this population.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/150/CN-00811150/frame.html										
J. Triano, M. McGregor, M. Hondras and P. Brennan	1995	Manipulative therapy versus education programs in chronic low back pain		Spine			20		8	948-55						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Manipulative therapy versus education programs in chronic low back pain								Pubmed 7644961						CN-00117185				STUDY DESIGN: A randomized trial was conducted on a representative sample of patients with untreated low back pain lasting 7 weeks or longer, or having more than 6 episodes in 12 months. OBJECTIVES: To contrast the effectiveness of manipulation, a manipulation mimic, and a back education program. Methodologic criticisms of earlier studies were addressed. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Published meta-analyses suggest clinical benefit from manipulation for acute patients. Data are inconclusive for patients having symptoms for longer than 1 month. METHODS: A total of 1267 consecutive patients were screened. Block randomization was used to assign 209 qualifying patients to treatment groups. Self-reported pain and activity tolerance served as primary outcome measures. Patients were assessed at enrollment, after 2 weeks of treatment, and again after 2 weeks without treatment. Multiple teams conducted recruitment, randomization, assessment, treatment, and data analysis independently without sharing information. Treatments were carefully described, monitored, and balanced for physician attention and physical contact effects. RESULTS: A total of 81.3% of subjects completed the study. Confounding factors and missing data were identified in approximately 20% of those completing the final follow-up. Analysis of the remaining data was carried out. A strong time effect under treatment was observed. Greater improvement was noted in pain and activity tolerance in the manipulation group. Immediate benefit from pain relief continued to accrue after manipulation, even for the last encounter at the end of the 2-week treatment interval. CONCLUSION: Time is a strong ally of the low back pain patient. In human terms, however, there appears to be clinical value to treatment according to a defined plan using manipulation even in low back pain exceeding 7 weeks' duration.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/185/CN-00117185/frame.html										
S. G. Trost, D. S. Ward, S. M. Moorehead, P. D. Watson, W. Riner and J. R. Burke	1998	Validity of the computer science and applications (CSA) activity monitor in children		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			30		4	629-33					Apr			Validity of the computer science and applications (CSA) activity monitor in children	Med Sci Sports Exerc	0195-9131												9565947				PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of the CSA activity monitor as a measure of children's physical activity using energy expenditure (EE) as a criterion measure.
METHODS: Thirty subjects aged 10 to 14 performed three 5-min treadmill bouts at 3, 4, and 6 mph, respectively. While on the treadmill, subjects wore CSA (WAM 7164) activity monitors on the right and left hips. VO2 was monitored continuously by an automated system. EE was determined by multiplying the average VO2 by the caloric equivalent of the mean respiratory exchange ratio.
RESULTS: Repeated measures ANOVA indicated that both CSA monitors were sensitive to changes in treadmill speed. Mean activity counts from each CSA unit were not significantly different and the intraclass reliability coefficient for the two CSA units across all speeds was 0.87. Activity counts from both CSA units were strongly correlated with EE (r = 0.86 and 0.87, P < 0.001). An EE prediction equation was developed from 20 randomly selected subjects and cross-validated on the remaining 10. The equation predicted mean EE within 0.01 kcal.min-1. The correlation between actual and predicted values was 0.93 (P < 0.01) and the SEE was 0.93 kcal.min-1.
CONCLUSION: These data indicate that the CSA monitor is a valid and reliable tool for quantifying treadmill walking and running in children.	Trost, S G
Ward, D S
Moorehead, S M
Watson, P D
Riner, W
Burke, J R		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9565947http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:9565947&id=doi:&issn=0195-9131&volume=30&issue=4&spage=629&pages=629-33&date=1998&title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&atitle=Validity+of+the+computer+science+and+applications+%28CSA%29+activity+monitor+in+children.&aulast=Trost&pid=%3Cauthor%3ETrost+SG%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E9565947%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

S. Trost, P. Loprinzi, R. Moore and K. Pfeiffer	2011	Comparison of accelerometer cut points for predicting activity intensity in youth		Medicine and science in sports and exercise			43		7	1360-8						Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Comparison of accelerometer cut points for predicting activity intensity in youth								Pubmed 21131873						CN-00802257				UNLABELLED: The absence of comparative validity studies has prevented researchers from reaching consensus regarding the application of intensity-related accelerometer cut points for children and adolescents. PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the classification accuracy of five sets of independently developed ActiGraph cut points using energy expenditure, measured by indirect calorimetry, as a criterion reference standard. METHODS: A total of 206 participants between the ages of 5 and 15 yr completed 12 standardized activity trials. Trials consisted of sedentary activities (lying down, writing, computer game), lifestyle activities (sweeping, laundry, throw and catch, aerobics, basketball), and ambulatory activities (comfortable walk, brisk walk, brisk treadmill walk, running). During each trial, participants wore an ActiGraph GT1M, and V?O2 was measured breath-by-breath using the Oxycon Mobile portable metabolic system. Physical activity intensity was estimated using five independently developed cut points: Freedson/Trost (FT), Puyau (PU), Treuth (TR), Mattocks (MT), and Evenson (EV). Classification accuracy was evaluated via weighted ? statistics and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC). RESULTS: Across all four intensity levels, the EV (?=0.68) and FT (?=0.66) cut points exhibited significantly better agreement than TR (?=0.62), MT (?=0.54), and PU (?=0.36). The EV and FT cut points exhibited significantly better classification accuracy for moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (ROC-AUC=0.90) than TR, PU, or MT cut points (ROC-AUC=0.77-0.85). Only the EV cut points provided acceptable classification accuracy for all four levels of physical activity intensity and performed well among children of all ages. The widely applied sedentary cut point of 100 counts per minute exhibited excellent classification accuracy (ROC-AUC=0.90). CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of these findings, we recommend that researchers use the EV ActiGraph cut points to estimate time spent in sedentary, light-, moderate-, and vigorous-intensity activity in children and adolescents.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/257/CN-00802257/frame.html										
H. Tse, Y. Lam, C. Lau, B. Cheung and C. Kumana	2001	Comparison of digoxin versus low-dose amiodarone for ventricular rate control in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation		Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology			28		5-6	446-50						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Comparison of digoxin versus low-dose amiodarone for ventricular rate control in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation								Pubmed 11380520						CN-00348290				1. Rapid ventricular rate (VR) and rhythm irregularity during atrial fibrillation (AF) impair cardiac performance. Although digoxin has been widely used in patients with AF, its efficacy for the control of VR and rhythm irregularity is unsatisfactory. Whether low-dose amiodarone is more effective remains unclear. 2. We randomized 16 patients (13 male, three female; mean (+/-SD) age 63 +/- 9 years) with chronic AF to receive either digoxin or amiodarone for 24 weeks. At baseline and at 12 and 24 weeks follow up, Holter monitor recording and cardiopulmonary exercise test were performed to assess VR and rhythm irregularity control and exercise capacity. 3. Seven and nine patients received digoxin and amiodarone, respectively. After 12 and 24 weeks treatment, both digoxin and amiodarone significantly decreased the mean ambulatory VR and the VR during peak exercise compared with baseline (all P < 0.05). At 24 weeks, there were no significant differences between digoxin and amiodarone in the percentage reduction in VR during ambulatory (27 +/- 13 vs. 25 +/- 12%, respectively; P = 0.8) and peak exercise (13 +/- 12 vs. 12 +/- 10%%, respectively; P = 0.6). 4. The rhythm irregularity, as measured by SD of RR intervals and the root mean square of the SD of RR intervals, and the exercise capacity, as measured by exercise workload, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2), minute ventilation, ventilatory equivalent and oxygen pulse, were not significantly changed after treatment with digoxin or amiodarone (all P > 0.05). 5. Quality of life, determined by SF-36 questionnaire, and AF symptomatology, as measured by the AF Symptom Checklist, were also not significantly changed after treatment with digoxin or amiodarone (all P > 0.05). 6. In conclusion, digoxin and low-dose amiodarone had similar efficacy in the control of VR during ambulatory activity and exercise. However, both were less efficacious during exercise and did not significantly affect rhythm irregularity, exercise capacity, quality of life and AF symptomatology in patients with chronic AF.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/290/CN-00348290/frame.html										
M. M. Tse, K. C. Choi and R. S. Leung	2008	E-health for older people: the use of technology in health promotion		Cyberpsychology & Behavior			11		4	475-9					Aug	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		E-health for older people: the use of technology in health promotion	Cyberpsychol Behav	1557-8364												18721097				To meet the needs of frail older people and to promote functional longevity, providing health education and disease prevention to the elderly is important. The present study describes the development, implementation, and evaluation of an e-health program for older persons. The objective of the 4-week e-health program was to improve elders' autonomous access to and use of health-related information in the form of physical exercise videography from a government-sponsored Web site. The content of the program included participants' mastery of basic computing skills and accessing and enhancing participants' interest in seeking health-related knowledge and information via the Internet. Data were collected in weeks 1 (pretest) and 4 (posttest) using questionnaires and open-ended questions. Thirty older people participated in the study (9 males, 21 females, aged 65-80 years, with the mean age of 72). Participants' mastery of basic computer operating skills increased significantly (p < 0.05); they were able to access health information via the Internet and had gained health-related knowledge by week 4 posttest (p < 0.05). The overall learning experience was positive. In conclusion, the collaboration of community partners in sponsoring a technology-based e-health program would be an effective way to provide health education to older people.	Tse, Mimi M Y
Choi, Kim C Y
Leung, Rincy S W		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18721097http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:18721097&id=doi:10.1089%2Fcpb.2007.0151&issn=1094-9313&volume=11&issue=4&spage=475&pages=475-9&date=2008&title=Cyberpsychology+%26+Behavior&atitle=E-health+for+older+people%3A+the+use+of+technology+in+health+promotion.&aulast=Tse&pid=%3Cauthor%3ETse+MM%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E18721097%3C%2FAN%3E		School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China. hsmtse@inet.polyu.edu.hk <hsmtse@inet.polyu.edu.hk>						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. M. Tse, K. C. Choi and R. S. Leung	2008	E-health for older people: The use of technology in health promotion		CyberPsychology & Behavior			11		4	475-479					Aug	Empirical Study; Quantitative Study		E-health for older people: The use of technology in health promotion		1094-9313												2008-12111-013				To meet the needs of frail older people and to promote functional longevity, providing health education and disease prevention to the elderly is important. The present study describes the development, implementation, and evaluation of an e-health program for older persons. The objective of the 4-week e-health program was to improve elders' autonomous access to and use of health-related information in the form of physical exercise videography from a government-sponsored Web site. The content of the program included participants' mastery of basic computing skills and accessing and enhancing participants' interest in seeking health-related knowledge and information via the Internet. Data were collected in weeks 1 (pretest) and 4 (posttest) using questionnaires and open-ended questions. Thirty older people participated in the study (9 males, 21 females, aged 65-80 years, with the mean age of 72). Participants' mastery of basic computer operating skills increased significantly (p < 0.05); they were able to access health information via the Internet and had gained health-related knowledge by week 4 posttest (p < 0.05). The overall learning experience was positive. In conclusion, the collaboration of community partners in sponsoring a technology-based e-health program would be an effective way to provide health education to older people. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).			http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=psyc5&AN=2008-12111-013http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:PsycINFO+<2006+to+2008>&genre=article&id=pmid:&id=doi:10.1089/cpb.2007.0151&issn=1094-9313&volume=11&issue=4&spage=475&pages=475-479&date=2008&title=CyberPsychology+&+Behavior&atitle=E-health+for+older+people:+The+use+of+technology+in+health+promotion.&aulast=Tse&pid=<author>Tse,+Mimi+M.+Y</author>&<AN>2008-12111-013</AN>		Y
W
Tse, Mimi M. Y.: hsmtse@inet.polyu.edu.hk
Tse, Mimi M. Y.: School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, hsmtse@inet.polyu.edu.hk
Tse, Mimi M. Y.: School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Choi, Kim C. Y.: Operation Theater, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, China Leung, Rincy S. W.: Neonatal Intensive Unit, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, China								English

C. Tudor-Locke, T. L. Hart and T. L. Washington	2009	Expected values for pedometer-determined physical activity in older populations		International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition & Physical Activity			6			59								Expected values for pedometer-determined physical activity in older populations	Int	1479-5868					PMC3224895							19706192				The purpose of this review is to update expected values for pedometer-determined physical activity in free-living healthy older populations. A search of the literature published since 2001 began with a keyword (pedometer, "step counter," "step activity monitor" or "accelerometer AND steps/day") search of PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), SportDiscus, and PsychInfo. An iterative process was then undertaken to abstract and verify studies of pedometer-determined physical activity (captured in terms of steps taken; distance only was not accepted) in free-living adult populations described as >/= 50 years of age (studies that included samples which spanned this threshold were not included unless they provided at least some appropriately age-stratified data) and not specifically recruited based on any chronic disease or disability. We identified 28 studies representing at least 1,343 males and 3,098 females ranging in age from 50-94 years. Eighteen (or 64%) of the studies clearly identified using a Yamax pedometer model. Monitoring frames ranged from 3 days to 1 year; the modal length of time was 7 days (17 studies, or 61%). Mean pedometer-determined physical activity ranged from 2,015 steps/day to 8,938 steps/day. In those studies reporting such data, consistent patterns emerged: males generally took more steps/day than similarly aged females, steps/day decreased across study-specific age groupings, and BMI-defined normal weight individuals took more steps/day than overweight/obese older adults. The range of 2,000-9,000 steps/day likely reflects the true variability of physical activity behaviors in older populations. More explicit patterns, for example sex- and age-specific relationships, remain to be informed by future research endeavors.	Tudor-Locke, Catrine
Hart, Teresa L
Washington, Tracy L		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=19706192http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+In-Process+%26+Other+Non-Indexed+Citations+%3CJune+06%2C+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19706192&id=doi:10.1186%2F1479-5868-6-59&issn=1479-5868&volume=6&issue=&spage=59&pages=59&date=2009&title=International+Journal+of+Behavioral+Nutrition+%26+Physical+Activity&atitle=Expected+values+for+pedometer-determined+physical+activity+in+older+populations.&aulast=Tudor-Locke&pid=%3Cauthor%3ETudor-Locke+C%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19706192%3C%2FAN%3E		Walking Behavior Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA. Tudor-Locke@pbrc.edu.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. Tudor-Locke, T. L. Hart and T. L. Washington	2009	Correction: Expected values for pedometer-determined physical activity in older populations		The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity Vol 6 Oct 2009, ArtID 65			6								Oct	Erratum/Correction		Correction: Expected values for pedometer-determined physical activity in older populations		1479-5868												2009-24891-001				Reports an error in "Expected values for pedometer-determined physical activity in older populations" by Catrine Tudor-Locke, Teresa L. Hart and Tracy L. Washington (The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2009[Aug][25], Vol 6[59]). In the original article some of the reference numbers in Additional file 1 were incorrect. The correct table and new reference list is given in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2009-24886-001). The purpose of this review is to update expected values for pedometer-determined physical activity in free-living healthy older populations. A search of the literature published since 2001 began with a keyword (pedometer, "step counter," "step activity monitor" or "accelerometer AND steps/day") search of PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), SportDiscus, and PsychInfo. An iterative process was then undertaken to abstract and verify studies of pedometer-determined physical activity (captured in terms of steps taken; distance only was not accepted) in free-living adult populations described as > 50 years of age (studies that included samples which spanned this threshold were not included unless they provided at least some appropriately age-stratified data) and not specifically recruited based on any chronic disease or disability. We identified 28 studies representing at least 1,343 males and 3,098 females ranging in age from 50-94 years. Eighteen (or 64%) of the studies clearly identified using a Yamax pedometer model. Monitoring frames ranged from 3 days to 1 year; the modal length of time was 7 days (17 studies, or 61%). Mean pedometer-determined physical activity ranged from 2,015 steps/day to 8,938 steps/day. In those studies reporting such data, consistent patterns emerged: males generally took more steps/day than similarly aged females, steps/day decreased across study-specific age groupings, and BMI-defined normal weight individuals took more steps/day than overweight/obese older adults. The range of 2,000-9,000 steps/day likely reflects the true variability of physical activity behaviors in older populations. More explicit patterns, for example sex- and age-specific relationships, remain to be informed by future research endeavors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).			http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=psyc6&AN=2009-24891-001http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:PsycINFO+<2009+to+2010>&genre=article&id=pmid:&id=doi:&issn=1479-5868&volume=6&issue=&spage=&pages=&date=2009&title=The+International+Journal+of+Behavioral+Nutrition+and+Physical+Activity&atitle=Correction:+Expected+values+for+pedometer-determined+physical+activity+in+older+populations.&aulast=Tudor-Locke&pid=<author>Tudor-Locke,+Catrine</author>&<AN>2009-24891-001</AN>		Tudor-Locke, Catrine: Tudor-Locke@pbrc.edu
Hart, Teresa L.: harttl@uwm.edu
Washington, Tracy L.: washington.tracy@gmail.com
Tudor-Locke, Catrine: Walking Behavior Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, US, 70808, Tudor-Locke@pbrc.edu
Tudor-Locke, Catrine: Walking Behavior Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, US Hart, Teresa L.: Department of Exercise and Wellness, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ, US Washington, Tracy L.: Department of Exercise and Wellness, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ, US								English

C. Tudor-Locke, T. L. Hart and T. L. Washington	2009	Expected values for pedometer-determined physical activity in older populations		The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity Vol 6 Aug 2009, ArtID 59			6								Aug	Literature Review		Expected values for pedometer-determined physical activity in older populations		1479-5868												2009-24886-001				[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 6[65] of The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity (see record 2009-24891-001). In the original article some of the reference numbers in Additional file 1 were incorrect. The correct table and new reference list is given in the erratum.] The purpose of this review is to update expected values for pedometer-determined physical activity in free-living healthy older populations. A search of the literature published since 2001 began with a keyword (pedometer, "step counter," "step activity monitor" or "accelerometer AND steps/day") search of PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), SportDiscus, and PsychInfo. An iterative process was then undertaken to abstract and verify studies of pedometer-determined physical activity (captured in terms of steps taken; distance only was not accepted) in free-living adult populations described as > 50 years of age (studies that included samples which spanned this threshold were not included unless they provided at least some appropriately age-stratified data) and not specifically recruited based on any chronic disease or disability. We identified 28 studies representing at least 1,343 males and 3,098 females ranging in age from 50-94 years. Eighteen (or 64%) of the studies clearly identified using a Yamax pedometer model. Monitoring frames ranged from 3 days to 1 year; the modal length of time was 7 days (17 studies, or 61%). Mean pedometer-determined physical activity ranged from 2,015 steps/day to 8,938 steps/day. In those studies reporting such data, consistent patterns emerged: males generally took more steps/day than similarly aged females, steps/day decreased across study-specific age groupings, and BMI-defined normal weight individuals took more steps/day than overweight/obese older adults. The range of 2,000-9,000 steps/day likely reflects the true variability of physical activity behaviors in older populations. More explicit patterns, for example sex- and age-specific relationships, remain to be informed by future research endeavors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).			http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=psyc6&AN=2009-24886-001http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:PsycINFO+<2009+to+2010>&genre=article&id=pmid:&id=doi:&issn=1479-5868&volume=6&issue=&spage=&pages=&date=2009&title=The+International+Journal+of+Behavioral+Nutrition+and+Physical+Activity&atitle=Expected+values+for+pedometer-determined+physical+activity+in+older+populations.&aulast=Tudor-Locke&pid=<author>Tudor-Locke,+Catrine</author>&<AN>2009-24886-001</AN>		Tudor-Locke, Catrine: Tudor-Locke@pbrc.edu
Hart, Teresa L.: harttl@uwm.edu
Washington, Tracy L.: washington.tracy@gmail.com
Tudor-Locke, Catrine: Walking Behavior Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, US, 70808, Tudor-Locke@pbrc.edu
Tudor-Locke, Catrine: Walking Behavior Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, US Hart, Teresa L.: Department of Exercise and Wellness, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ, US Washington, Tracy L.: Department of Exercise and Wellness, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ, US								English

J. Tulen and J. Bussmann	1996	A new method to quantify effects of benzodiazepines on normal daily activities: Ambulatory accelerometry in psychopharmacological research CONFERENCE ABSTRACT		9th European College of Neuropsychopharmacology Congress. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 21st-25th September, 1996.														A new method to quantify effects of benzodiazepines on normal daily activities: Ambulatory accelerometry in psychopharmacological research CONFERENCE ABSTRACT														CN-00285193				Ambulatory monitoring devices are increasingly employed to study psychopharmacological processes in real-life situations. In order to evaluate the extend to which the anxiolytic and sedative properties of benzodiazepines affect normal daily functioning, changes in body posture and physical and locomotor activity need to be studied in detail during daytime ambulation. We evaluated accelerometry, by means of body mounted piezo-resistive sensors on the sternum and upper legs, as a method to quantify both static (lying, sitting, standing) and dynamic activities (e.g. walking) in an ambulatory study that was designed to assess the effects of alprazolam and lorazepam on normal daily activities. In a double-blind randomized study, twelve male volunteers (mean age: 22 years, range 19?) received either an oral dose of 2 mg lorazepam, or 0.5 mg alprazolam, or 1 mg alprazolam, or a placebo, on four different days, which were separated by at least five days. At 8.15 hours, the subjects received the oral dose of alprazolam, lorazepam or placebo. During the morning part of the experiment, the subjects participated in a standardized laboratory protocol. The afternoon part of the study comprised 4 hours of ambulatory measurements of the accelerometer signals by means of a small portable digital recorder (Vitaport System) in a living room in the hospital where the subjects could move around freely, study, relax, or sleep. A separate validation study for our 'environment was performed in which the classification of activities (based on accelerometry) by means of computer analysis during 6 recording sessions was compared with a visual evaluation of simultaneously recorded video tapes. Comparison of the computer classification based on accelerometry with the visual analysis based on videotapes in our validation study revealed an 88% agreement for the static and dynamic activities. After placebo administration, analysis of spontaneous activities showed that the subjects spent most of their time in the sitting position (76%), with 11% of the time lying and 6% of the time standing. Dynamic movements occurred only during 7% of the total recorded time period. After oral benzodiazepine administration, the subjects spent significantly more time in the lying position (p < 0.01; lorazepam highest: 35%; alprazolam 0.5 mg: 26%; alprazolam 1 mg: 26%), and significantly less time in the sitting position (p < 0.01; lorazepam lowest: 53%; alprazolam 0.5 mg: 62%; alprazolam 1 mg: 60%). Lorazepam and alprazolam had no effect on the time spent in static standing or general dynamic activities. After benzodiazepine administration, motility (small body movements) during static activities reduced significantly (p < 0.025), with motility after lorazepam administration being lowest. We observed no clear dose-related effects of alprazolam on the activity parameters. The validation study showed that accelerometry forms a reliable method to quantify aspects of normal daily activities. Our psychopharmacological study revealed that quantification of body postures, physical activity and motility by means of ambulatory accelerometry proved to be sufficiently sensitive to differentiate drug from placebo effects, indicating that accelerometry forms a promising tool to evaluate the sedative and anxiolytic properties of benzodiazepines in relation to normal daily functioning.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/193/CN-00285193/frame.html										
G. Turner-McGrievy, M. Beets, J. Moore, A. Kaczynski, D. Barr-Anderson and D. Tate	2013	Comparison of traditional versus mobile app self-monitoring of physical activity and dietary intake among overweight adults participating in an mHealth weight loss program		Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA			20		3	513-8						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Comparison of traditional versus mobile app self-monitoring of physical activity and dietary intake among overweight adults participating in an mHealth weight loss program								Pubmed 23429637						CN-00877255				OBJECTIVE: Self-monitoring of physical activity (PA) and diet are key components of behavioral weight loss programs. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between diet (mobile app, website, or paper journal) and PA (mobile app vs no mobile app) self-monitoring and dietary and PA behaviors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a post hoc analysis of a 6-month randomized weight loss trial among 96 overweight men and women (body mass index (BMI) 25-45 kg/m(2)) conducted from 2010 to 2011. Participants in both randomized groups were collapsed and categorized by their chosen self-monitoring method for diet and PA. All participants received a behavioral weight loss intervention delivered via podcast and were encouraged to self-monitor dietary intake and PA. RESULTS: Adjusting for randomized group and demographics, PA app users self-monitored exercise more frequently over the 6-month study (2.6±0.5 days/week) and reported greater intentional PA (196.4±45.9 kcal/day) than non-app users (1.2±0.5 days/week PA self-monitoring, p<0.01; 100.9±45.1 kcal/day intentional PA, p=0.02). PA app users also had a significantly lower BMI at 6 months (31.5±0.5 kg/m(2)) than non-users (32.5±0.5 kg/m(2); p=0.02). Frequency of self-monitoring did not differ by diet self-monitoring method (p=0.63); however, app users consumed less energy (1437±188 kcal/day) than paper journal users (2049±175 kcal/day; p=0.01) at 6 months. BMI did not differ among the three diet monitoring methods (p=0.20). CONCLUSIONS: These findings point to potential benefits of mobile monitoring methods during behavioral weight loss trials. Future studies should examine ways to predict which self-monitoring method works best for an individual to increase adherence.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/255/CN-00877255/frame.html										
G. Turner-McGrievy, C. Davidson and S. Wilcox	2014	Does the type of weight loss diet affect who participates in a behavioral weight loss intervention? A comparison of participants for a plant-based diet versus a standard diet trial		Appetite			73			156-62						Journal: Article		Does the type of weight loss diet affect who participates in a behavioral weight loss intervention? A comparison of participants for a plant-based diet versus a standard diet trial														CN-00910992				Studies have found that people following plant-based eating styles, such as vegan or vegetarian diets, often have different demographic characteristics, eating styles, and physical activity (PA) levels than individuals following an omnivorous dietary pattern. There has been no research examining if there are differences in these characteristics among people who are willing to participate in a weight loss intervention using plant-based dietary approaches as compared to a standard reduced calorie approach, which does not exclude food groups. The present study compared baseline characteristics (demographics, dietary intake, eating behaviors (Eating Behavior Inventory), and PA (Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire)) of participants enrolling in two different 6-month behavioral weight loss studies: the mobile Pounds Off Digitally (mPOD) study, which used a standard reduced calorie dietary approach and the New Dietary Interventions to Enhance the Treatments for weight loss (New DIETs) study, which randomized participants to follow one of five different dietary approaches (vegan, vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian, semi-vegetarian, or omnivorous diets). There were no differences in baseline demographics with the exception of New DIETs participants being older (48.5+8.3years versus 42.9+11.2, P=0.001) and having a higher Body Mass Index (BMI, 35.2+5.3kg/m<sup>2</sup> versus 32.6+4.7kg/m<sup>2</sup>, P=0.001) than mPOD participants. In age- and BMI-adjusted models, there were no differences in EBI scores or in any dietary variables, with the exception of vitamin C (85.6+5.9mg/d mPOD versus 63.4+7.4mg/d New DIETs, P=0.02). New DIETs participants reported higher levels of intentional PA/day (180.0+18.1kcal/d) than mPOD participants (108.8+14.4kcal/d, P=0.003), which may have been the result of New DIETs study recommendations to avoid increasing or decreasing PA during the study. The findings of this study demonstrate that using plant-based dietary approaches for weight loss intervention studies does not lead to a population which is significantly different from who enrolls in a standard, behavioral weight loss study using a reduced calorie dietary approach. 2013 Elsevier Ltd.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/992/CN-00910992/frame.html										
G. Turner-McGrievy and D. Tate	2011	Tweets, Apps, and Pods: Results of the 6-month Mobile Pounds Off Digitally (Mobile POD) randomized weight-loss intervention among adults		Journal of medical Internet research			13		4	e120						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Tweets, Apps, and Pods: Results of the 6-month Mobile Pounds Off Digitally (Mobile POD) randomized weight-loss intervention among adults								Pubmed 22186428						CN-00860407				BACKGROUND: Previous interventions have shown promising results using theory-based podcasts to deliver a behavioral weight-loss intervention. OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to examine whether a combination of podcasting, mobile support communication, and mobile diet monitoring can assist people in weight loss. METHODS: In this 6-month, minimal contact intervention, overweight (n = 96, body mass index 32.6 kg/m(2)) adults were recruited through television advertisements and email listservs and randomly assigned to Podcast-only or Podcast+Mobile groups. Both groups received 2 podcasts per week for 3 months and 2 minipodcasts per week for months 3-6. In addition to the podcasts, the Podcast+Mobile group was also instructed to use a diet and physical activity monitoring application (app) on their mobile device and to interact with study counselors and other participants on Twitter. RESULTS: Weight loss did not differ by group at 6 months: mean -2.7% (SD 5.6%) Podcast+Mobile, n = 47; mean -2.7% (SD 5.1%) Podcast, n = 49; P = .98. Days/week of reported diet monitoring did not differ between Podcast+Mobile (mean 2.3, SD 1.9 days/week) and Podcast groups (mean 1.9, SD 1.7 days/week; P = .28) but method of monitoring did differ. Podcast+Mobile participants were 3.5 times more likely than the Podcast group to use an app to monitor diet (P = .01), whereas the majority of Podcast participants reported using the Web (14/41, 34%) or paper (12/41, 29%). There were more downloads per episode in the Podcast+Mobile group (1.4/person) than in the Podcast group (1.1/person; P < .001). The number of podcasts participants reported downloading over the 6-month period was significantly moderately correlated with weight loss in both the Podcast+Mobile (r = -.46, P = .001) and the Podcast (r = -.53, P < .001) groups. Podcast+Mobile participants felt more user control at 3 months (P = .02), but not at 6 months, and there was a trend (P = .06) toward greater elaboration among Podcast+Mobile participants. There were significant differences in reported source of social support between groups. More Podcast participants relied on friends (11/40, 28% vs 4/40, 10%; P = .045) whereas Podcast+Mobile participants relied on online sources (10/40, 25% vs 0/40; P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Results confirm and extend previous findings showing a minimally intensive weight-loss intervention can be delivered via podcast, but prompting and mobile communication via Twitter and monitoring app without feedback did not enhance weight loss. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01139255; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01139255 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/625OjhiDy).			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/407/CN-00860407/frame.html										
D. Tzivoni, S. Banai, S. Botvin, A. Zilberman, T. Weiss, A. Gavish, A. Medina, J. Benhorin, S. Rogel and A. Caspi	1991	Effects of nisoldipine on myocardial ischemia during exercise and during daily activity		American journal of cardiology			67		7	559-64						Clinical Trial; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of nisoldipine on myocardial ischemia during exercise and during daily activity								Pubmed 2000786						CN-00073697				The antiischemic properties of nisoldipine, a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, were assessed in a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial by repeated exercise testing and 72-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in 82 patients with coronary artery disease. Patients with positive treadmill stress test results and greater than or equal to 2 ischemic episodes per 24 hours were included in this study. Administration of all chronic antiischemic medications except beta blockers were discontinued. During the first week all patients received placebo twice daily. During the second and third weeks, 41 patients received nisoldipine 10 mg and 41 patients received placebo twice daily. In the placebo group there were no changes in exercise parameters or in ambulatory electrocardiographic parameters. In the nisoldipine group, exercise duration increased from 403 to 448 seconds (p = 0.0035), time to 1 mm of ST depression increased from 224 to 298 seconds (p = 0.002), time to pain increased from 241 to 321 seconds (p = 0.01), and maximal ST depression was reduced from 2.6 to 2.3 mm (p = 0.002). Among the ambulatory electrocardiographic parameters in the nisoldipine group, only the number of episodes was reduced, from 14.4 to 11.6 (p = 0.0013) per patient. There was no significant reduction in total ischemic time (132 vs 120 minutes per patient). No significant side effects were observed. This is the largest clinical trial to date on the effects of nisoldipine on myocardial ischemia. The results indicate that nisoldipine was effective in improving all exercise parameters and only partially effective in suppressing ischemia during daily activity.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/697/CN-00073697/frame.html										
D. Tzivoni, S. Gottlieb, N. Khurmi, A. Medina, A. Gavish and S. Stern	1992	Effect of benazepril on myocardial ischaemia in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris		European heart journal			13		8	1129-34						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effect of benazepril on myocardial ischaemia in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris								Pubmed 1505563						CN-00086428				The anti-ischaemic properties of benazepril, a non-sulfhydryl inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, were assessed in 20 patients with chronic stable angina pectoris, by repeated exercise tests and repeated 72-h ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. The study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over; 11 patients received benazepril 10 mg b.i.d. and nine received 20 mg b.i.d. All patients had a positive treadmill stress test and at least three ischaemic episodes during 24 h of ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. Benazepril at a dose of 10 mg b.i.d. did not improve the exercise duration, the time taken to reach 1 mm ST depression. Similar findings were observed during treatment with 20 mg b.i.d. Benazepril at a dose of 10 mg b.i.d. was ineffective in improving ischaemic parameters during daily activities. However, among the nine patients who received 20 mg b.i.d. the number of ischaemic episodes was reduced from 142 to 103, and the total duration of ischaemic was reduced from 1099 to 531 min. The number of weekly anginal attacks was reduced from 58 to 33, and the weekly sublingual nitroglycerin tablets consumption was reduced from 31 to 14. When the two doses (10 mg and 20 mg) were combined (N = 20), the number of ischaemic episodes was reduced from 314 to 260 (P = 0.074), and the duration of ischaemic was reduced from 3453 to 2514 min (P = 0.072).			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/428/CN-00086428/frame.html										
D. Tzivoni, H. Kadr, S. Braat, W. Rutsch, J. Ramires and I. Kobrin	1997	Efficacy of mibefradil compared with amlodipine in suppressing exercise-induced and daily silent ischemia: results of a multicenter, placebo-controlled trial		Circulation			96		8	2557-64						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Efficacy of mibefradil compared with amlodipine in suppressing exercise-induced and daily silent ischemia: results of a multicenter, placebo-controlled trial								Pubmed 9355894						CN-00144810				BACKGROUND: Mibefradil is a new benzimidazolyl-substituted tetraline-derivative calcium antagonist. Its vasodilatory activity combined with an ability to lower heart rate without negative inotropic effects as well as its long duration of action make it a promising anti-ischemic agent. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three hundred nine patients with coronary artery disease, stable angina pectoris, and positive exercise tests were randomized to receive mibefradil (50, 100, or 150 mg), amlodipine (10 mg), or placebo. The anti-ischemic effects of mibefradil on exercise test and silent ischemia parameters were assessed. At doses of 100 and 150 mg, mibefradil increased exercise duration (by 55.5 and 51.0 seconds, respectively; P<.001 for both), increased time to onset of angina (by 98.3 and 82.7 seconds, respectively; P<.001), and increased time to 1-mm ST depression (by 81.7 and 94.3 seconds, respectively; P<.001). By comparison, a 10 mg/d dose of amlodipine significantly improved only time to onset of angina (treatment effect: 38.5 seconds, P=.036). Mibefradil 100 mg and 150 mg decreased the number of episodes of silent ischemia (treatment effects: -3.1 and -3.6, respectively; P<.001) and the duration of silent ischemia (treatment effects: -9.2 minutes, P=.048, and -14.6 minutes, P=.002, respectively). The decrease in the number of episodes of silent ischemia was also statistically significant in the group receiving 10 mg of amlodipine (-1.5; P=.036). CONCLUSIONS: Once-daily doses of 100 and 150 mg mibefradil were effective in improving exercise tolerance and reducing ischemic episodes during ambulatory monitoring in patients with coronary artery disease.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/810/CN-00144810/frame.html										
D. Tzivoni, A. Medina, D. David, Y. Barzilai, A. Gavish, D. Shatboon, A. Keren and P. Brunel	1996	Comparison between metoprolol orally osmotic once daily and metoprolol two or three times daily in suppressing exercise-induced and daily myocardial ischemia		American journal of cardiology			78		12	1362-8						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Comparison between metoprolol orally osmotic once daily and metoprolol two or three times daily in suppressing exercise-induced and daily myocardial ischemia								Pubmed 8970407						CN-00135104				Metoprolol is a widely used anti-ischemic drug with a relatively short half-life. To improve patient' compliance and to provide 24-hour coverage, its once daily ORally OSmotic (OROS) formulation was developed. In this multicenter double-blind study, the anti-ischemic effects of metoprolol OROS given once daily at doses of 190 and 285 mg were compared to the regular metoprolol formulation of 100 mg 2 or 3 times daily. Sixty-five patients with stable coronary artery disease, positive exercise tests, and ischemic episodes during daily activity as recorded by ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring (AEM) were included. In the OROS group, 23 patients completed all 3 treatment periods. In these patients, the number of myocardial ischemic episodes decreased from 239 on placebo to 128 during the 190 mg/day dose (p < 0.0001) and to 86 during the 285 mg/day treatment period (p < 0.0001). In the metoprolol group, there were 204 episodes at baseline and 142 and 140 during the 100 mg 2 or 3 times daily treatment periods (p < 0.0001 for both). During exercise testing, time to 1-mm ST depression increased significantly in the OROS group from 6.3 minutes at baseline to 7.1 and 9.6 minutes during 190- and 285-mg treatment periods. In the metoprolol group, it increased from 5.8 to 7.2 and 8.2 minutes, respectively. Both formulations of metoprolol were well tolerated. The OROS formulation was highly effective in suppressing daily and exercise-induced ischemia and exerted its effect throughout the 24-hour period.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/104/CN-00135104/frame.html										
D. Ulrich, B. Ulrich, R. Angulo-Kinzler and J. Yun	2001	Treadmill training of infants with Down syndrome: evidence-based developmental outcomes		Pediatrics			108		5	E84						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Treadmill training of infants with Down syndrome: evidence-based developmental outcomes								Pubmed 11694668						CN-00375131				OBJECTIVE: On average, infants with Down syndrome (DS) learn to walk about 1 year later than nondisabled (ND) infants. The purpose of this study was to determine if practice stepping on a motorized treadmill could help reduce the delay in walking onset normally experienced by these infants. METHODS: Thirty families of infants with DS were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. All infants were karyotyped trisomy 21 and began participation in the study when they could sit alone for 30 seconds (Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition 1993, item 34). Infants received traditional physical therapy at least every other week. In addition, intervention infants received practice stepping on a small, motorized treadmill, 5 days per week, for 8 minutes a day, in their own homes. Parents were trained to support their infants on these specially engineered miniature treadmills. Every 2 weeks research staff went into the homes and tested infants' overall motor progress by administering the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition, monitored growth status via a battery of 11 anthropometric measures, and checked parents' compliance with physical therapy and treadmill intervention. The primary measures of the intervention's effectiveness were comparisons between the groups on the length of time elapsed between sitting for 30 seconds (entry into the study) and 1) raising self to stand; 2) walking with help; and 3) walking independently. RESULTS: The experimental group learned to walk with help and to walk independently significantly faster (73.8 days and 101 days, respectively) than the control group, both of which also produced large effect size statistics for the group differences. The groups were not statistically different for rate of learning to raise self to stand but there was a moderate effect size statistic suggesting that the groups were meaningfully different in favor of the experimental group. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide evidence that, with training and support, parents can use these treadmills in their homes to help their infants with DS learn to walk earlier than they normally would. Current research is aimed at 1) improving the protocol to maximize outcome; 2) determining the impact of treadmill practice on walking gait patterns; 3) testing the application to other populations with a history of delays in walking; and 4) determining the long-term benefits that may accrue from this form of activity. motor development, Down syndrome, early intervention, walking.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/131/CN-00375131/frame.html										
M. Underwood, S. Lamb, S. Eldridge, B. Sheehan, A. Slowther, A. Spencer, M. Thorogood, N. Atherton, S. Bremner, A. Devine, K. Diaz-Ordaz, D. Ellard, R. Potter, K. Spanjers and S. Taylor	2013	Exercise for depression in care home residents: a randomised controlled trial with cost-effectiveness analysis (OPERA)		Health technology assessment (Winchester, England)			17		18	1-281						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Exercise for depression in care home residents: a randomised controlled trial with cost-effectiveness analysis (OPERA)								Pubmed 23632142						CN-00964092				BACKGROUND: Many older people living in care homes (long term residential care or nursing homes) are depressed. Exercise is a promising non-drug intervention for preventing and treating depression in this population. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of a 'whole-home' intervention, consisting of training for residential and nursing home staff backed up with a twice-weekly, physiotherapist-led exercise class on depressive symptoms in care home residents. DESIGN: A cluster randomised controlled trial with a cost-effectiveness analysis to compare (1) the prevalence of depression in intervention homes with that in control homes in all residents contributing data 12 months after homes were randomised (cross-sectional analysis); (2) the number of depressive symptoms at 6 months between intervention and control homes in residents who were depressed at pre-randomisation baseline assessment (depressed cohort comparison); and (3) the number of depressive symptoms at 12 months between intervention and control homes in all residents who were present at pre-randomisation baseline assessment (cohort comparison). SETTING: Seventy-eight care homes in Coventry and Warwickshire and north-east London. PARTICIPANTS: Care home residents aged ? 65 years. INTERVENTIONS: Control intervention: Depression awareness training programme for care home staff. Active intervention: A 'whole-home' exercise intervention, consisting of training for care home staff backed up with a twice-weekly, physiotherapist-led exercise group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Geriatric Depression Scale-15, proxy European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D), cost-effectiveness from an National Health Service perspective, peripheral fractures and death. RESULTS: We recruited a total of 1054 participants. Cross-sectional analysis: We obtained 595 Geriatric Depression Scale-15 scores and 724 proxy EQ-5D scores. For the cohort analyses we obtained 765 baseline Geriatric Depression Scale-15 scores and 776 proxy EQ-5D scores. Of the 781 who we assessed prior to randomisation, 765 provided a Geriatric Depression Scale-15 score. Of these 374 (49%) were depressed and constitute our depressed cohort. Resource-use and quality-adjusted life-year data, based on proxy EQ-5D, were available for 798 residents recruited prior to randomisation. We delivered 3191 group exercise sessions with 31,705 person attendances and an average group size of 10 (5.3 study participants and 4.6 non-study participants). On average, our participants attended around half of the possible sessions. No serious adverse events occurred during the group exercise sessions. In the cross-sectional analysis the odds for being depressed were 0.76 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53 to 1.09] lower in the intervention group at 12 months. The point estimates for benefit for both the cohort analysis (0.13, 95% CI -0.33 to 0.60) and depressed cohort (0.22, 95% CI -0.52 to 0.95) favoured the control intervention. There was no evidence of differences in fracture rates or mortality (odds ratio 1.07, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.48) between the two groups. There was no evidence of differences in the other outcomes between the two groups. Economic analysis: The additional National Health Service cost of the OPERA intervention was £374 per participant (95% CI -£655 to £1404); the mean difference in quality-adjusted life-year was -0.0014 (95% CI -0.0728 to 0.0699). The active intervention was thus dominated by the control intervention, which was more effective and less costly. CONCLUSION: The results do not support the use of a whole-home physical activity and moderate-intensity exercise programme to reduce depression in care home residents. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN43769277. FUNDING: This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 17, No. 18. See the Health Technology Assessment programme website for further project information.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/092/CN-00964092/frame.html										
Y. Urata, R. Uesato, D. Tanaka, Y. Nakamura and S. Motomura	2012	Treating to target matrix metalloproteinase 3 normalisation together with disease activity score below 2.6 yields better effects than each alone in rheumatoid arthritis patients: T-4 Study		Annals of the rheumatic diseases			71		4	534-40						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		Treating to target matrix metalloproteinase 3 normalisation together with disease activity score below 2.6 yields better effects than each alone in rheumatoid arthritis patients: T-4 Study								Pubmed 22021897						CN-00882183				OBJECTIVES: To assess whether therapy to achieve both a disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28) less than 2.6 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 3 normalisation offers better outcomes than either target alone in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at 56 weeks: Treating to Twin Targets (T-4) Study. METHODS: 243 early RA patients were randomly allocated to one of four strategy groups: routine care (R group; n=62); DAS28-driven therapy (D group; n=60); MMP-3-driven therapy (M group; n=60); or both DAS28 and MMP-3-driven therapy group (twin; T group; n=61). Medication was started with sulfasalazine (1 g/day) in all intervention groups. Targets were DAS28 less than 2.6 for the D group, MMP-3 normalisation for the M group and both DAS28 less than 2.6 and MMP-3 normalisation for the T group. If the value in question did not fall below the previously measured level, medication was intensified, including methotrexate, other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and biological agents. Primary, secondary and outcome measures consisted of the proportions of patients showing clinical remission (DAS28 <2.6), radiographic non-progression (?modified total Sharp score ?0.5), normal physical function (modified health assessment questionnaire score 0), or comprehensive disease remission defined as the combination of clinical remission, radiographic non-progression and normal physical function. RESULTS: Clinical remission at 56 weeks was achieved by more patients in the T group (56%) than in the R group (p<0.0005) or M group (p<0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: Results of the T-4 Study reveal that a twin target strategy can achieve a high clinical remission rate in early RA.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/183/CN-00882183/frame.html										
A. W. Vaes, A. Cheung, M. Atakhorrami, M. T. Groenen, O. Amft, F. M. Franssen, E. F. Wouters and M. A. Spruit	2013	Effect of 'activity monitor-based' counseling on physical activity and health-related outcomes in patients with chronic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis		Ann Med			45		5-6	397-412					Sep			Effect of 'activity monitor-based' counseling on physical activity and health-related outcomes in patients with chronic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis		1365-2060												23952917				This review evaluated the effects of activity monitor-based counseling on physical activity (PA) and generic and disease-specific health-related outcomes in adults with diabetes mellitus type II (DMII), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or chronic heart failure (CHF).|Four electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials using activity monitor-based counseling versus control intervention or usual care in adults with DMII, COPD, or CHF. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using a random effects model.|Twenty-four articles were included: 21 DMII studies and 3 COPD studies. No CHF studies were identified. Pooled analysis showed that activity monitor-based counseling resulted in a significantly greater improvement in PA compared to control intervention or usual care in DMII. Furthermore, these interventions had a beneficial effect on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.05), whereas no differences were found on diastolic blood pressure, and health-related quality of life. Meta-analysis of COPD studies was not possible due to lack of available data.|Activity monitor-based counseling had a beneficial effect on PA, HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, and BMI in patients with DMII. Data in patients with COPD and CHF are limited or non-existing, respectively.			http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23952917										eng

A. Vainionpää, R. Korpelainen, H. Sievänen, E. Vihriälä, J. Leppäluoto and T. Jämsä	2007	Effect of impact exercise and its intensity on bone geometry at weight-bearing tibia and femur		Bone			40		3	604-11						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effect of impact exercise and its intensity on bone geometry at weight-bearing tibia and femur								Pubmed 17140871						CN-00577136				INTRODUCTION: Physical activity is known to enhance the mechanical competence of bone. However, information about the optimal type of exercise is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of jumping exercise to changes in bone geometry. METHODS: We carried out a 12-month population-based trial with 120 women (aged 35-40 years), randomly assigned to an exercise group or to a control group. The exercise regimen consisted of supervised, progressive high-impact exercises three times per week and an additional home program. The intensity of impact loading was assessed as the magnitude of acceleration peaks using an accelerometer-based body movement monitor. The activity was analyzed as the daily number of impacts within five acceleration ranges (0.3-1.0g, 1.1-2.4g, 2.5-3.8g, 3.9-5.3g and 5.4-9.2g; g=acceleration of gravity, 9.81 m/s(2)). Bone geometry was assessed with spiral quantitative computed tomography (QCT) scanner at mid-femur, proximal tibia and distal tibia. RESULTS: Thirty-nine women (65%) in the exercise group and 41 women (68%) in the control group completed the study. QCT and physical activity data were available from 65 subjects. The exercise group showed a significant 0.2% (p=0.033) higher gain in bone circumference compared to the control group at mid-femur. Subgroup analyses revealed geometric changes indicating up to a 2.5% increment in bone strength in favor of the most active exercisers (>66 exercise sessions during the 12 months) compared to the least active exercisers (<19 sessions). In pooled groups, the changes in cortical attenuation and cross-sectional moment of inertia correlated positively (p<0.05-p<0.01) with the number of impacts exceeding 1.1g, while changes in cortical thickness (p<0.05) and bone circumference (p<0.05-p<0.01) were positively associated with impacts 3.9g, or more. The number and intensity of impacts during the 12 months were the most significant predictors of changes in bone geometry explaining up to 36% of changes. CONCLUSIONS: Bone geometry adapts to impact exercise and the adaptation is most marked at the mid-femur. The changes in bone geometry are associated with the number and intensity of daily impacts while the redistribution of bone mineral appears to be the main mechanism in the skeletal adaptation to varying intensities of exercise.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/136/CN-00577136/frame.html										
A. Vainionpää, R. Korpelainen, E. Vihriälä, A. Rinta-Paavola, J. Leppäluoto and T. Jämsä	2006	Intensity of exercise is associated with bone density change in premenopausal women		Osteoporosis international			17		3	455-63						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Intensity of exercise is associated with bone density change in premenopausal women								Pubmed 16404492						CN-00562008				INTRODUCTION: High-impact exercise is known to be beneficial for bones. However, the optimal amount of exercise is not known. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between the intensity of exercise and bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS: We performed a 12-month population-based trial with 120 women (aged 35-40 years) randomly assigned to an exercise group or to a control group. The intensity of the physical activity of 64 women was assessed with an accelerometer-based body movement monitor. The daily activity was analyzed at five acceleration levels (0.3-1.0 g, 1.1-2.4 g, 2.5-3.8 g, 3.9-5.3 g, and 5.4-9.2 g). BMD was measured at the hip, spine (L1-L4), and radius by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The calcaneus was measured using quantitative ultrasound. RESULTS: Physical activity that induced acceleration levels exceeding 3.9 g correlated positively with the BMD change in the hip area (p<0.05-0.001). L1 BMD change correlated positively with activity exceeding 5.4 g (p<0.05) and calcaneal speed of sound with the level of 1.1-2.4 g (p< 0.05). Baseline BMD was negatively associated with the BMD change at the hip. CONCLUSION: The intensity of exercise, measured as the acceleration level of physical activity, was significantly correlated with BMD changes. Bone stimulation is reached during normal physical exercise in healthy premenopausal women. In the hip area, the threshold level for improving BMD is less than 100 accelerations per day at levels exceeding 3.9 g.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/008/CN-00562008/frame.html										
M. Valtonen, L. Niskanen, A.-P. Kangas and T. Koskinen	2005	Effects of melatonin-rich night-time milk on sleep and activity in elderly institutionalized subjects		Nordic journal of psychiatry			59		3	217-21						Journal: Article		Effects of melatonin-rich night-time milk on sleep and activity in elderly institutionalized subjects														CN-00575470				Melatonin production decreases with advancing age, leading to insomnia and changes in circadian rhythmicity. Administration of melatonin in variable doses resulting in supraphysiological or physiological night-time blood levels of melatonin has been shown to improve sleep quality in the elderly. To study the effect of low doses of melatonin, which do not affect daytime blood melatonin concentrations, night-time milk containing 10-40 ng/l melatonin was used as a drink with meals. The effect of about 0.51 night-time milk daily on sleep quality and circadian activity was studied in elderly institutionalized subjects in two long-term double-blind. placebo-controlled, crossover studies. Night-time milk was given for 8 weeks and normal day-time milk for 8 weeks with a 1-week washout period in between. In the first study, which was performed during spring with sleep quality evaluated subjectively by specially trained nurses, 70 demented patients showed only a seasonal effect on their sleep quality. In the second study performed around the winter solstice, 81 fairy healthy subjects living in rest-homes were divided into three groups, two for the crossover study as in the first investigation with a third group consuming only normal daytime milk as a control group to evaluate the effect of season. Caregivers graded the sleep quality and activity that was monitored separately for the morning before noon and for the evening after noon. In the second study, the effect of season was recognizable in the scores for sleep quality, which increased in all groups after the winter solstice. However, there were no changes in activity in the control group or in the group that consumed night-time milk during the first period of the crossover study, whereas both morning and evening activity increased significantly in the group that consumed night-time milk during the later period. Even ultra-low doses of melatonin may benefit the elderly by increasing their daytime activity. 2005 Taylor & Francis.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/470/CN-00575470/frame.html										
M. S. van Dam, G. J. Kok, M. Munneke, F. J. Vogelaar, T. P. M. Vliet Vlieland and A. H. M. Taminiau	2001	Measuring physical activity in patients after surgery for a malignant tumour in the leg: the reliability and validity of a continuous ambulatory activity monitor		Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, British Volume			83B		7	1015-1019								Measuring physical activity in patients after surgery for a malignant tumour in the leg: the reliability and validity of a continuous ambulatory activity monitor		0301-620X												2002067138. Language: English. Entry Date: 20020628. Revision Date: 20100827. Publication Type: journal article				A continuous ambulatory activity monitor allows objective measurement of the amount and intensity of physical activity. We examined the reliability and validity of this device in the assessment of seven aspects of function over a period of 24 hours in 20 patients who had undergone limb salvage or amputation for a tumour in the leg. The test-retest reliability was determined by undertaking identical assessments on two separate days. The measurements were compared with other indicators of functional status and quality of life in order to determine the validity of the monitor. Its reliability was satisfactory, with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.65 to 0.91. Significant correlations were seen between the 'time spent walking' and the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society rating scales and the Rand-36 physical functioning score. There was also a significant association between the 'movement intensity during walking' and the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score. The satisfactory reliability and validity of the monitor shows considerable promise for its use as a device for measuring physical activity objectively in patients after surgery for limb-salvage or an amputation.	research; tables/charts; tracings. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. Instrumentation: Baecke Questionnaire; Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Rating Scales (MSTS); Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS); RAND 36-Item Health Survey; EuroQol Classification System. Grant Information: Anna Fonds (Leiden The Netherlands). No. of Refs: 18 ref. NLM UID: 0375355.
PMID: 11603514		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2002067138&site=ehost-live		Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands						rzh	EBSCOhost	
M. S. van Dam, G. J. Kok, M. Munneke, F. J. Vogelaar, T. P. Vliet Vlieland and A. H. Taminiau	2001	Measuring physical activity in patients after surgery for a malignant tumour in the leg. The reliability and validity of a continuous ambulatory activity monitor		Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery - British Volume			83		7	1015-9					Sep	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Measuring physical activity in patients after surgery for a malignant tumour in the leg. The reliability and validity of a continuous ambulatory activity monitor	J Bone Joint Surg Br	0301-620X												11603514				A continuous ambulatory activity monitor allows objective measurement of the amount and intensity of physical activity. We examined the reliability and validity of this device in the assessment of seven aspects of function over a period of 24 hours in 20 patients who had undergone limb salvage or amputation for a tumour in the leg. The test-retest reliability was determined by undertaking identical assessments on two separate days. The measurements were compared with other indicators of functional status and quality of life in order to determine the validity of the monitor. Its reliability was satisfactory, with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.65 to 0.91. Significant correlations were seen between the 'time spent walking' and the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society rating scales and the Rand-36 physical functioning score. There was also a significant association between the 'movement intensity during walking' and the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score. The satisfactory reliability and validity of the monitor shows considerable promise for its use as a device for measuring physical activity objectively in patients after surgery for limb-salvage or an amputation.	van Dam, M S
Kok, G J
Munneke, M
Vogelaar, F J
Vliet Vlieland, T P
Taminiau, A H		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11603514http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:11603514&id=doi:&issn=0301-620X&volume=83&issue=7&spage=1015&pages=1015-9&date=2001&title=Journal+of+Bone+%26+Joint+Surgery+-+British+Volume&atitle=Measuring+physical+activity+in+patients+after+surgery+for+a+malignant+tumour+in+the+leg.+The+reliability+and+validity+of+a+continuous+ambulatory+activity+monitor.&aulast=van+Dam&pid=%3Cauthor%3Evan+Dam+MS%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E11603514%3C%2FAN%3E		Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. H. van den Berg, H. K. Ronday, A. J. Peeters, S. le Cessie, F. J. van der Giesen, F. C. Breedveld and T. P. Vliet Vlieland	2006	Using internet technology to deliver a home-based physical activity intervention for patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized controlled trial		Arthritis & Rheumatism			55		6	935-45					Dec 15	Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Using internet technology to deliver a home-based physical activity intervention for patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized controlled trial	Arthritis Rheum	0004-3591												17139640				OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of 2 Internet-based physical activity interventions for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
METHODS: A total of 160 physically inactive patients with RA who had a computer with Internet access were randomly assigned to an Internet-based physical activity program with individual guidance, a bicycle ergometer, and group contacts (individualized training [IT] group; n = 82) or to an Internet-based program providing only general information on exercises and physical activity (general training [GT] group; n = 78). Outcome measures included quantity of physical activity (questionnaire and activity monitor), functional ability, quality of life, and disease activity (baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months).
RESULTS: The proportion of physically active patients was significantly greater in the IT than in the GT group at 6 (38% versus 22%) and 9 months (35% versus 11%; both P < 0.05) regarding a moderate intensity level for 30 minutes in succession on at least 5 days a week, and at 6 (35% versus 13%), 9 (40% versus 14%), and 12 months (34% versus 10%; all P < 0.005) regarding a vigorous intensity level for 20 minutes in succession on at least 3 days a week. In general, there were no statistically significant differences regarding changes in physical activity as measured with an activity monitor, functional ability, quality of life, or disease activity.
CONCLUSION: An Internet-based physical activity intervention with individually tailored supervision, exercise equipment, and group contacts is more effective with respect to the proportion of patients who report meeting physical activity recommendations than an Internet-based program without these additional elements in patients with RA. No differences were found regarding the total amount of physical activity measured with an activity monitor.	van den Berg, M H
Ronday, H K
Peeters, A J
le Cessie, S
van der Giesen, F J
Breedveld, F C
Vliet Vlieland, T P M		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17139640http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:17139640&id=doi:&issn=0004-3591&volume=55&issue=6&spage=935&pages=935-45&date=2006&title=Arthritis+%26+Rheumatism&atitle=Using+internet+technology+to+deliver+a+home-based+physical+activity+intervention+for+patients+with+rheumatoid+arthritis%3A+A+randomized+controlled+trial.&aulast=van+den+Berg&pid=%3Cauthor%3Evan+den+Berg+MH%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E17139640%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. mhvandenberg@lumc.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

H. J. G. van den Berg-Emons, J. B. J. Bussmann, H. J. Meyerink, M. E. Roebroeck and H. J. Stam	2003	Body fat, fitness and level of everyday physical activity in adolescents and young adults with meningomyelocele		Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine (Taylor & Francis Ltd)			35		6	271-275								Body fat, fitness and level of everyday physical activity in adolescents and young adults with meningomyelocele		1650-1977												2004095792. Language: English. Entry Date: 20040618. Revision Date: 20100604. Publication Type: journal article				OBJECTIVE: Data on body fat and fitness in adolescents and young adults with meningomyelocele are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess body fat and fitness in this patient group. In addition, we explored whether the level of everyday physical activity is related to body fat and fitness. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Body fat (skinfold thickness), fitness (VO2peak), and everyday physical activity (Activity Monitor, based on accelerometry) were measured in 14 patients with meningomyelocele (8 men, 6 women; age range 14-26 years). RESULTS: Peak VO2 was 20-30% lower than reference values and 4 patients were obese. Level of everyday activity was related to fitness (rs = 0.65, p = 0.01) but not to body fat. CONCLUSION: Young patients with meningomyelocele are at risk for developing obesity and have a distinctly subnormal fitness. Level of everyday physical activity is related to fitness in this patient group.	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Continental Europe; Europe; Peer Reviewed. Special Interest: Physical Therapy. Instrumentation: Borg Scale of Perceived Exertion. No. of Refs: 34 ref. NLM UID: 101088169. Email: h.j.g.vandenberg@erasmusmc.nl.
PMID: 14664317		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2004095792&site=ehost-live		Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, P.O. Box 2040, NL-3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands						rzh	EBSCOhost	
H. J. van den Berg-Emons, J. B. Bussmann, A. S. Brobbel, M. E. Roebroeck, J. van Meeteren and H. J. Stam	2001	Everyday physical activity in adolescents and young adults with meningomyelocele as measured with a novel activity monitor		Journal of Pediatrics			139		6	880-6					Dec			Everyday physical activity in adolescents and young adults with meningomyelocele as measured with a novel activity monitor	J Pediatr	0022-3476												11743519				We measured the extent of hypoactivity in adolescents and young adults with meningomyelocele with an activity monitor. The activity monitor is based on long-term ambulatory monitoring of signals from body-fixed accelerometers during everyday life and is aimed at the assessment of mobility-related activities. Measurements were performed during 2 consecutive weekdays in 14 patients with meningomyelocele (aged 14 to 26 years) and in 14 matched, healthy subjects. Mean duration of dynamic activities (composite measure) was less in the patients (6.5 +/- 2.3%) than in comparison subjects (12.7 +/- 4.3%, P =.001). Number of walking or wheelchair-driving periods was 122 +/- 48 in the patients and 185 +/- 65 in the comparison subjects (P =.01). Resting heart rate was higher in the patients (70 +/- 7 beats/min vs 64 +/- 5 beats/min, P =.01). Time spent with dynamic activities was correlated with ambulatory status (r(s) = 0.55, P <.05). Adolescents and young adults with meningomyelocele, particularly the nonambulators, are considerably hypoactive.	van den Berg-Emons, H J
Bussmann, J B
Brobbel, A S
Roebroeck, M E
van Meeteren, J
Stam, H J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11743519http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:11743519&id=doi:&issn=0022-3476&volume=139&issue=6&spage=880&pages=880-6&date=2001&title=Journal+of+Pediatrics&atitle=Everyday+physical+activity+in+adolescents+and+young+adults+with+meningomyelocele+as+measured+with+a+novel+activity+monitor.&aulast=van+den+Berg-Emons&pid=%3Cauthor%3Evan+den+Berg-Emons+HJ%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E11743519%3C%2FAN%3E		Rehabilitation Center Rijndam Adriaanstichting, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

H. J. van den Berg-Emons, J. B. Bussmann, H. J. Meyerink, M. E. Roebroeck and H. J. Stam	2003	Body fat, fitness and level of everyday physical activity in adolescents and young adults with meningomyelocele		Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine			35		6	271-5					Nov			Body fat, fitness and level of everyday physical activity in adolescents and young adults with meningomyelocele	J Rehabil Med	1650-1977												14664317				OBJECTIVE: Data on body fat and fitness in adolescents and young adults with meningomyelocele are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess body fat and fitness in this patient group. In addition, we explored whether the level of everyday physical activity is related to body fat and fitness.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Body fat (skinfold thickness), fitness (VO2peak), and everyday physical activity (Activity Monitor, based on accelerometry) were measured in 14 patients with meningomyelocele (8 men, 6 women; age range 14-26 years).
RESULTS: Peak VO2 was 20-30% lower than reference values and 4 patients were obese. Level of everyday activity was related to fitness (rs = 0.65, p = 0.01) but not to body fat.
CONCLUSION: Young patients with meningomyelocele are at risk for developing obesity and have a distinctly subnormal fitness. Level of everyday physical activity is related to fitness in this patient group.	van den Berg-Emons, Hendrika J G
Bussmann, Johannes B J
Meyerink, Huub J
Roebroeck, Marij E
Stam, Henk J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=14664317http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:14664317&id=doi:&issn=1650-1977&volume=35&issue=6&spage=271&pages=271-5&date=2003&title=Journal+of+Rehabilitation+Medicine&atitle=Body+fat%2C+fitness+and+level+of+everyday+physical+activity+in+adolescents+and+young+adults+with+meningomyelocele.&aulast=van+den+Berg-Emons&pid=%3Cauthor%3Evan+den+Berg-Emons+HJ%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E14664317%3C%2FAN%3E		Rijndam Rehabilitation Center, Netherlands. h.j.g.vandenberg@erasmusmc.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

H. van den Berg-Emons, J. Bussmann, A. Balk, D. Keijzer-Oster and H. Stam	2001	Level of activities associated with mobility during everyday life in patients with chronic congestive heart failure as measured with an "activity monitor"		Physical Therapy			81		9	1502-1511								Level of activities associated with mobility during everyday life in patients with chronic congestive heart failure as measured with an "activity monitor"		0031-9023												2001102755. Language: English. Entry Date: 20011109. Revision Date: 20101231. Publication Type: journal article				Background and Purpose. Because of dyspnea and fatigue, patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) may be restricted in the performance of normal everyday activities. The aim of this study was to obtain a preliminary indication of the level of activities associated with mobility during everyday life and between-day variance in activities in patients with mild to moderate CHF as measured with an "Activity Monitor." Subjects and Methods. The "Activity Monitor" is based on long-term (>24 hours) ambulatory monitoring of signals from accelerometers fixed to the subject's body during everyday activities with the aim of assessing the level of activities associated with mobility. Measurements were obtained over 3 days from 5 male subjects with CHF (mean age=64 years, SD=5, range=59-'72) and over 2 days from 5 matched comparison subjects (mean age=65 years, SD=4, range=61-71). Results. Mean duration of movement-related activities (walking, cycling, or general movement) (expressed as a percentage of the duration of the measurement day) was lower in the subjects with CHF (mean=3.9, SD=1.5, range=2.2-6.7) than in the comparison subjects (mean=11.3, SD=3.0, range=6.6-14.1). In the patients, between-day variance was smaller for different weekdays (eg, Monday versus Tuesday) than for similar weekdays (eg, 2 Mondays) (1.11% and 7.28%, respectively). Discussion and Conclusion. The results show how activities associated with mobility during everyday life may be restricted in people with CHF.	research; tables/charts; tracings. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Peer Reviewed; USA. Grant Information: Supported in part by the Rotterdam Foundation for Cardiac Rehabilitation. No. of Refs: 24 ref. NLM UID: 0022623.
PMID: 11688587		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2001102755&site=ehost-live		Research Scientist, Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands						rzh	EBSCOhost	
R. J. van den Berg-Emons, J. B. Bussmann, A. H. Balk and H. J. Stam	2005	Factors associated with the level of movement-related everyday activity and quality of life in people with chronic heart failure		Physical Therapy			85		12	1340-8					Dec	Clinical Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Factors associated with the level of movement-related everyday activity and quality of life in people with chronic heart failure	Phys Ther	0031-9023												16305272				BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cardiac rehabilitation has been shown to be effective in people with chronic heart failure (CHF), particularly in terms of exercise capacity. However, no effects have been found on the level of movement-related everyday activity. Therefore, rehabilitation programs also should focus on enhancing the level of movement-related everyday activity. The aim of this study was to explore factors associated with the level of movement-related everyday activity and with quality of life in people with CHF.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Measurements of movement-related everyday activity (using an accelerometry-based Activity Monitor), quality of life, and associated factors were performed in 36 people with stable CHF (New York Heart Association classes II and III).
RESULTS: Knee flexion and extension torque, and particularly extension torque, were significantly associated with movement-related everyday activity (r = .43-.49, P < .05), whereas nonphysiological factors such as feelings of being disabled were associated with quality of life (r = .37-.77, P < or = .01, P < .05). No relationship was found between movement-related everyday activity and quality of life (r = .20-.22, P > .05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results indicate that knee torque is associated with the level of movement-related everyday activity in people with CHF and that quality of life is mediated by nonphysiological factors.	van den Berg-Emons, Rita J
Bussmann, Johannes B
Balk, Aggie H
Stam, Henk J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16305272http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:16305272&id=doi:&issn=0031-9023&volume=85&issue=12&spage=1340&pages=1340-8&date=2005&title=Physical+Therapy&atitle=Factors+associated+with+the+level+of+movement-related+everyday+activity+and+quality+of+life+in+people+with+chronic+heart+failure.&aulast=van+den+Berg-Emons&pid=%3Cauthor%3Evan+den+Berg-Emons+RJ%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E16305272%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands. h.j.g.vandenberg@erasmusmc.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

R. J. van den Berg-Emons, J. B. Bussmann, J. A. Haisma, T. A. Sluis, L. H. van der Woude, M. P. Bergen and H. J. Stam	2008	A prospective study on physical activity levels after spinal cord injury during inpatient rehabilitation and the year after discharge		Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation			89		11	2094-101					Nov	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		A prospective study on physical activity levels after spinal cord injury during inpatient rehabilitation and the year after discharge	Arch Phys Med Rehabil	1532-821X												18996237				OBJECTIVES: To assess the change over time in the physical activity level after a spinal cord injury (SCI), to explore its determinants, and to compare the physical activity level 1 year after discharge from the rehabilitation center with the level in able-bodied persons.
DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. Measurements were obtained at the start of active rehabilitation, 3 months later, at discharge, 2 months after discharge, and 1 year after discharge.
SETTING: Rehabilitation center in The Netherlands and the participant's home.
PARTICIPANTS: Persons (n=40) with SCI.
INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The physical activity level, as indicated by the duration of dynamic activities (ie, wheelchair driving, walking, cycling, noncyclic movement) per day, and the intensity of everyday activity; both were measured with an accelerometry-based activity monitor during 2 consecutive weekdays.
RESULTS: Random coefficient analyses showed that the duration of dynamic activities and the intensity of everyday activity increased during inpatient rehabilitation at rates of 41% and 19%, respectively (P<.01). Shortly after discharge, there was a strong decline (33%; P<.001) in the duration of dynamic activities. One year after discharge, this decline was restored to the discharge level but was low in comparison with levels in able-bodied persons. The level of lesion and completeness of lesion were determinants of the change in the physical activity level after discharge.
CONCLUSIONS: The physical activity level increased during inpatient rehabilitation, but this increase did not continue after discharge, and the level 1 year after discharge was distinctly lower than the level in able-bodied persons. Subpopulations had a different change over time in the physical activity level after discharge.	van den Berg-Emons, Rita J
Bussmann, Johannes B
Haisma, Janneke A
Sluis, Tebbe A
van der Woude, Lucas H
Bergen, Michael P
Stam, Henk J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18996237http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:18996237&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.apmr.2008.04.024&issn=0003-9993&volume=89&issue=11&spage=2094&pages=2094-101&date=2008&title=Archives+of+Physical+Medicine+%26+Rehabilitation&atitle=A+prospective+study+on+physical+activity+levels+after+spinal+cord+injury+during+inpatient+rehabilitation+and+the+year+after+discharge.&aulast=van+den+Berg-Emons&pid=%3Cauthor%3Evan+den+Berg-Emons+RJ%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E18996237%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. h.j.g.vandenberg@erasmusmc.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

R. J. van den Berg-Emons, J. B. Bussmann and H. J. Stam	2010	Accelerometry-based activity spectrum in persons with chronic physical conditions		Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation			91		12	1856-61					Dec	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Accelerometry-based activity spectrum in persons with chronic physical conditions	Arch Phys Med Rehabil	1532-821X												21112426				OBJECTIVES: (1) To give an overview of the impact of a variety of chronic physical conditions on accelerometry-based levels of everyday physical activity and to identify high-risk conditions; and (2) to compare these objectively assessed activity levels with the levels estimated by rehabilitation physicians.
INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.
SETTING: Participant's home environment.
PARTICIPANTS: Patients (n=461) with 18 chronic physical (sub)conditions and able-bodied subjects (n=96).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We summarized data on the level of everyday physical activity as objectively measured with an accelerometry-based activity monitor. Thirty-one rehabilitation physicians filled in a questionnaire designed to obtain their estimates of the level of physical activity in patients with the various conditions.
RESULTS: Only 4 of the studied conditions had normal activity levels (>90% of the able-bodied level). Persons with transtibial amputation (vascular), spinal cord injury, and myelomeningocele (wheelchair dependent) had the lowest levels of activity, less than 40% of the able-bodied level. In general, rehabilitation physicians were aware of the inactive lifestyles, but considerably underestimated the magnitude of inactivity in the high-risk conditions.
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to provide an objectively assessed activity spectrum in a variety of chronic physical conditions. We hope this study will increase the awareness of health professionals as to which chronic physical conditions are at increased risk for an inactive lifestyle, and will contribute to adaptation of patient management accordingly. Copyright 2010 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	van den Berg-Emons, Rita J
Bussmann, Johannes B
Stam, Henk J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21112426http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21112426&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.apmr.2010.08.018&issn=0003-9993&volume=91&issue=12&spage=1856&pages=1856-61&date=2010&title=Archives+of+Physical+Medicine+%26+Rehabilitation&atitle=Accelerometry-based+activity+spectrum+in+persons+with+chronic+physical+conditions.&aulast=van+den+Berg-Emons&pid=%3Cauthor%3Evan+den+Berg-Emons+RJ%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21112426%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Therapy, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. h.j.g.vandenberg@erasmusmc.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

R. J. van den Berg-Emons, A. A. L'Ortye, L. M. Buffart, C. Nieuwenhuijsen, C. F. Nooijen, M. P. Bergen, H. J. Stam and J. B. Bussmann	2011	Validation of the Physical Activity Scale for individuals with physical disabilities		Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation			92		6	923-8					Jun	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Validation Studies		Validation of the Physical Activity Scale for individuals with physical disabilities	Arch Phys Med Rehabil	1532-821X												21507382				OBJECTIVE: To determine the criterion validity of the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals With Physical Disabilities (PASIPD) by means of daily physical activity levels measured by using a validated accelerometry-based activity monitor in a large group of persons with a physical disability.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional.
SETTING: Participants' home environment.
PARTICIPANTS: Ambulatory and nonambulatory persons with cerebral palsy, meningomyelocele, or spinal cord injury (N=124).
INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported physical activity level measured by using the PASIPD, a 2-day recall questionnaire, was correlated to objectively measured physical activity level measured by using a validated accelerometry-based activity monitor.
RESULTS: Significant Spearman correlation coefficients between the PASIPD and activity monitor outcome measures ranged from .22 to .37. The PASIPD overestimated the duration of physical activity measured by using the activity monitor (mean + SD, 3.9+2.9 vs 1.5+0.9h/d; P<.01). Significant correlation (p=-.74; P<.01) was found between average number of hours of physical activity per day measured by using the 2 methods and difference in hours between methods. This indicates larger overestimation for persons with higher activity levels.
CONCLUSIONS: The PASIPD correlated poorly with objective measurements using an accelerometry-based activity monitor in people with a physical disability. However, similar low correlations between objective and subjective activity measurements have been found in the general population. Users of the PASIPD should be cautious about overestimating physical activity levels. Copyright 2011 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	van den Berg-Emons, Rita J
L'Ortye, Annemiek A
Buffart, Laurien M
Nieuwenhuijsen, Channah
Nooijen, Carla F
Bergen, Michael P
Stam, Henk J
Bussmann, Johannes B		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21507382http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21507382&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.apmr.2010.12.006&issn=0003-9993&volume=92&issue=6&spage=923&pages=923-8&date=2011&title=Archives+of+Physical+Medicine+%26+Rehabilitation&atitle=Validation+of+the+Physical+Activity+Scale+for+individuals+with+physical+disabilities.&aulast=van+den+Berg-Emons&pid=%3Cauthor%3Evan+den+Berg-Emons+RJ%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21507382%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Therapy, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. h.j.g.vandenberg@erasmusmc.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

R. J. van den Berg-Emons, F. C. Schasfoort, L. A. de Vos, J. B. Bussmann and H. J. Stam	2007	Impact of chronic pain on everyday physical activity		European Journal of Pain			11		5	587-93					Jul	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Impact of chronic pain on everyday physical activity	Eur J Pain	1090-3801												17107818				Although patients with chronic pain are often considered to have reduced levels of everyday physical activity, data on their activity levels are scarce and inconclusive. Therefore, this study explored whether patients with chronic pain have reduced activity levels, as objectively measured with an activity monitor. The activity monitor is based on long-term ambulatory monitoring of signals from body-fixed accelerometers during everyday life, aimed at assessment of mobility-related activities. Measurements with the monitor were performed during a weekday (24 h) in 18 patients with chronic pain and compared with measurements obtained from 18 gender and age matched healthy comparison subjects. The mean (SD) age of the patients was 44 (11) years, and the mean (SD) duration of their complaints was 8 (7) years. Compared with the healthy subjects, the duration of dynamic activities was not significantly reduced (p=0.10) in the patient group. Mean (SD) intensity of everyday physical activity was lower (p=0.03) in the patients than in the healthy comparison subjects (0.021 [0.006] g versus 0.026 [0.004] g), and patients spent more time lying down (47.0 [10.2]% versus 34.3 [5.6] %; p=0.000) and less time sitting (29.2 [8.9]% versus 36.4 [9.3]%; p=0.03) than the healthy comparison subjects. In spite of significant differences between patients and healthy comparison subjects for some aspects of the activity pattern (which may reflect pain behaviour), the impact of chronic pain on everyday physical activity was relatively small.	van den Berg-Emons, Rita J
Schasfoort, Fabienne C
de Vos, Leonard A
Bussmann, Johannes B
Stam, Henk J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17107818http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:17107818&id=doi:&issn=1090-3801&volume=11&issue=5&spage=587&pages=587-93&date=2007&title=European+Journal+of+Pain&atitle=Impact+of+chronic+pain+on+everyday+physical+activity.&aulast=van+den+Berg-Emons&pid=%3Cauthor%3Evan+den+Berg-Emons+RJ%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E17107818%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. h.j.g.vandenberg@erasmusmc.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

R. van den Berg-Emons, A. Balk, H. Bussmann and H. Stam	2004	Does aerobic training lead to a more active lifestyle and improved quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure?		European Journal of Heart Failure			6		1	95-100					Jan	Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Does aerobic training lead to a more active lifestyle and improved quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure?	Eur J Heart Fail	1388-9842												15012924				BACKGROUND: Due to dyspnea and fatigue, patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) are often restricted in the performance of everyday activities, which gradually may lead to hypoactivity.
AIMS: To assess whether aerobic training leads to a more active lifestyle and improved quality of life (QoL) in patients with CHF.
METHODS: Patients with stable CHF (NYHA II/III; 59 (11) years) were randomly assigned to a training group (n=18; 3-month aerobic program above standard treatment) or control group (n=16; standard treatment without special advice for exercise). Measurements were performed on level of everyday physical activity (PA, novel accelerometry-based activity monitor) and QoL, and on several related parameters.
RESULTS: Training did not result in a more active lifestyle or improved QoL, but improved (P<0.05) peak power (17%), 6-min walk distance (10%), muscle strength (13-15%) and depression (-1.3 unit). Changes in level of everyday PA were related to changes in peak Vo(2) (r=0.58, P=0.01) and knee extension strength (r=0.48, P=0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: At group level training did not result in a more active lifestyle or improved QoL. However, correlations between training-related changes in parameters suggest that aerobic training has the potential to increase levels of everyday PA in CHF.	van den Berg-Emons, Rita
Balk, Aggie
Bussmann, Hans
Stam, Henk		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15012924http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:15012924&id=doi:&issn=1388-9842&volume=6&issue=1&spage=95&pages=95-100&date=2004&title=European+Journal+of+Heart+Failure&atitle=Does+aerobic+training+lead+to+a+more+active+lifestyle+and+improved+quality+of+life+in+patients+with+chronic+heart+failure%3F.&aulast=van+den+Berg-Emons&pid=%3Cauthor%3Evan+den+Berg-Emons+R%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E15012924%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands. h.j.g.vandenberg@erasmusmc.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

R. van den Berg-Emons, G. Kazemier, B. van Ginneken, C. Nieuwenhuijsen, H. Tilanus and H. Stam	2006	Fatigue, level of everyday physical activity and quality of life after liver transplantation		Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine			38		2	124-9					Mar	Comparative Study		Fatigue, level of everyday physical activity and quality of life after liver transplantation	J Rehabil Med	1650-1977												16546770				OBJECTIVE: To assess whether liver transplant recipients have a hypoactive (sedentary) lifestyle and whether the level of everyday physical activity is related to complaints of fatigue. In addition, we explored the relationship between activity level and health-related quality of life.
DESIGN: Case comparison.
SUBJECTS: Eight persons 6-36 months after liver transplantation with varying severity of fatigue and 8 persons without known impairments (matched for gender, age, social situation and employment).
METHODS: Activity levels were assessed during 2 randomly selected consecutive weekdays with an accelerometry-based Activity Monitor. In the transplantation group, severity of fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale) and health-related quality of life (RAND-36) were also assessed.
RESULTS: Five liver transplant recipients had a hypoactive lifestyle, but there was no significant difference in activity level between the transplantation group and comparison group. Severity of fatigue was correlated (p=0.01) with both duration of dynamic activities and intensity of everyday activity (r(s)=-0.81 and -0.84, respectively). Activity level was correlated (p< or =0.05) with several domains of health-related quality of life (r(s)=0.72-0.78).
CONCLUSION: As a group, liver transplant recipients were not significantly less active than comparison subjects. Activity level was related with severity of fatigue and health-related quality of life. These findings have implications for the development of interventions needed to rehabilitate persons after liver transplantation.	van den Berg-Emons, Rita
Kazemier, Geert
van Ginneken, Berbke
Nieuwenhuijsen, Channah
Tilanus, Hugo
Stam, Henk		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16546770http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:16546770&id=doi:&issn=1650-1977&volume=38&issue=2&spage=124&pages=124-9&date=2006&title=Journal+of+Rehabilitation+Medicine&atitle=Fatigue%2C+level+of+everyday+physical+activity+and+quality+of+life+after+liver+transplantation.&aulast=van+den+Berg-Emons&pid=%3Cauthor%3Evan+den+Berg-Emons+R%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E16546770%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. h.j.g.vandenberg@erasmusmc.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

R. J. van den Berg-Emons, A. A. L'Ortye, L. M. Buffart, C. Nieuwenhuijsen, C. F. Nooijen, M. P. Bergen, H. J. Stam and J. B. Bussmann	2011	Validation of the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals With Physical Disabilities		Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation			92		6	923-928								Validation of the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals With Physical Disabilities		0003-9993												2011066336. Language: English. Entry Date: 20110729. Revision Date: 20121026. Publication Type: journal article				Abstract: van den Berg-Emons RJ, L''Ortye AA, Buffart LM, Nieuwenhuijsen C, Nooijen CF, Bergen MP, Stam HJ, Bussmann JB. Validation of the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals With Physical Disabilities. Objective: To determine the criterion validity of the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals With Physical Disabilities (PASIPD) by means of daily physical activity levels measured by using a validated accelerometry-based activity monitor in a large group of persons with a physical disability. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Participants'' home environment. Participants: Ambulatory and nonambulatory persons with cerebral palsy, meningomyelocele, or spinal cord injury (N=124). Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Self-reported physical activity level measured by using the PASIPD, a 2-day recall questionnaire, was correlated to objectively measured physical activity level measured by using a validated accelerometry-based activity monitor. Results: Significant Spearman correlation coefficients between the PASIPD and activity monitor outcome measures ranged from .22 to .37. The PASIPD overestimated the duration of physical activity measured by using the activity monitor (mean ± SD, 3.9±2.9 vs 1.5±0.9h/d; P<.01). Significant correlation (ρ=−.74; P<.01) was found between average number of hours of physical activity per day measured by using the 2 methods and difference in hours between methods. This indicates larger overestimation for persons with higher activity levels. Conclusions: The PASIPD correlated poorly with objective measurements using an accelerometry-based activity monitor in people with a physical disability. However, similar low correlations between objective and subjective activity measurements have been found in the general population. Users of the PASIPD should be cautious about overestimating physical activity levels.	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Online/Print; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Physical Therapy. Instrumentation: Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities (PASIPD) [Dutch]. Grant Information: Supported by Kinder Fonds Adriaanstichting (grant no. 2003/0047-063), Johanna Kinder Fonds (grant nos. 2003/0047-063, 20000005/20000158, 2002/0067), and ZONmw Rehabilitation program (grant no. 1435.0003). NLM UID: 2985158R.
PMID: 21507382		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2011066336&site=ehost-live		Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Therapy, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Rijndam Rehabilitation Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands						rzh	EBSCOhost	
I. D. van der Peijl, T. P. Vliet Vlieland, M. I. Versteegh, J. J. Lok, M. Munneke and R. A. Dion	2004	Exercise therapy after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a randomized comparison of a high and low frequency exercise therapy program		Annals of Thoracic Surgery			77		5	1535-41					May	Clinical Trial
Comparative Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Exercise therapy after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a randomized comparison of a high and low frequency exercise therapy program	Ann Thorac Surg	0003-4975												15111138				BACKGROUND: Postoperative exercise therapy aims at recovering, as soon as possible, independence in the basic physical activities; but the type, intensity, and therefore the costs of the programs, vary widely. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a low frequency (once daily, not in the weekend) program with a high frequency (twice daily, including the weekend) one and to assess whether the latter would yield sufficient benefit for the patient to justify higher costs in material and personnel (physiotherapists) after uncomplicated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.
METHODS: Two-hundred and forty-six patients were randomly allocated to either a low or high frequency exercise program. Endpoints were the functional level as measured by the achievement of five activity milestones, the patient's independence (functional independence measures [FIM]) as assessed by a structured interview, the amount of daily physical activity (activity monitor), and patient satisfaction (questionnaire). Except for patient satisfaction, all measurements were done in the first week after surgery.
RESULTS: Patients with the high frequency exercise program achieved functional milestones faster than patients with the low frequency exercise program (p = 0.007). The frequency of the exercise program had no influence on functional independence as measured with the FIM or quantity of physical activity. The satisfaction degree was greater in the high frequency group (p = 0.032), although the low frequency group was not dissatisfied.
CONCLUSIONS: A high frequency exercise program leads to earlier performance of functional milestones and yields more satisfaction after uncomplicated CABG surgery and this should lead to an earlier discharge. On the other hand, if the shortage of physiotherapists remains unchanged or even increases, the low frequency program also yields excellent functional results, albeit at the cost of a somewhat longer hospital stay: but it would allow a sensible redistribution of the physiotherapists activity towards complicated and, therefore, more demanding patients.	van der Peijl, Inge D
Vliet Vlieland, Thea P M
Versteegh, Michel I M
Lok, Judith J
Munneke, Marten
Dion, Robert A E		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15111138http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:15111138&id=doi:&issn=0003-4975&volume=77&issue=5&spage=1535&pages=1535-41&date=2004&title=Annals+of+Thoracic+Surgery&atitle=Exercise+therapy+after+coronary+artery+bypass+graft+surgery%3A+a+randomized+comparison+of+a+high+and+low+frequency+exercise+therapy+program.&aulast=van+der+Peijl&pid=%3Cauthor%3Evan+der+Peijl+ID%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E15111138%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. i.d.van_der_peijl@lumc.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

W. M. A. van der Slot, M. E. Roebroeck, A. P. Landkroon, M. Terburg, R. J. G. Berg-Emons and H. J. Stam	2007	Everyday physical activity and community participation of adults with hemiplegic cerebral palsy		Disability & Rehabilitation			29		3	179-189								Everyday physical activity and community participation of adults with hemiplegic cerebral palsy		0963-8288												2009540792. Language: English. Entry Date: 20070504. Revision Date: 20091218. Publication Type: journal article				PURPOSE: To assess the level and potential determinants of everyday physical activity and participation in various life areas of adults with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP) in comparison with healthy subjects. METHOD: In a cross-sectional study everyday physical activity was measured (Activity Monitor) in 16 adults with CP, aged 28 (3) years, and 16 age/gender matched healthy volunteers, aged 29 (3) years. Participation was assessed by means of validated questionnaires. Age, gender, body fat (skinfold thickness), muscle tone (Ashworth Scale), functional level and participation were assessed as potential determinants of everyday physical activity. RESULTS: In adults with CP mean (SD) duration of dynamic activities during a day (10.6 [3.5]%) was comparable to healthy subjects (11.2 4%) (p = 0.66). In most life areas the level of participation was comparable for both groups, although adults with CP spent more time on non-intensive leisure activities. Participation in sports appeared to be a determinant of everyday physical activity in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the levels of everyday physical activity and community participation in adults with hemiplegic CP are comparable to levels in healthy comparison subjects.	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Europe; Online/Print; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. Special Interest: Occupational Therapy; Physical Therapy. Instrumentation: Ashworth Scale; Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique (CHART) [Dutch version]; Functional Independence Measure (FIM); Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ). Grant Information: Supported by the Fundraising Committee of the Rijnlands Rehabilitation Centre, The Netherlands. No. of Refs: 46 ref. NLM UID: 9207179.
PMID: 17364768		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2009540792&site=ehost-live		Department of Rehabilitation. Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands						rzh	EBSCOhost	
W. M. van der Slot, M. E. Roebroeck, A. P. Landkroon, M. Terburg, R. J. Berg-Emons and H. J. Stam	2007	Everyday physical activity and community participation of adults with hemiplegic cerebral palsy		Disability & Rehabilitation			29		3	179-89					Feb 15	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Everyday physical activity and community participation of adults with hemiplegic cerebral palsy	Disabil Rehabil	0963-8288												17364768				PURPOSE: To assess the level and potential determinants of everyday physical activity and participation in various life areas of adults with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP) in comparison with healthy subjects.
METHOD: In a cross-sectional study everyday physical activity was measured (Activity Monitor) in 16 adults with CP, aged 28 (3) years, and 16 age/gender matched healthy volunteers, aged 29 (3) years. Participation was assessed by means of validated questionnaires. Age, gender, body fat (skinfold thickness), muscle tone (Ashworth Scale), functional level and participation were assessed as potential determinants of everyday physical activity.
RESULTS: In adults with CP mean (SD) duration of dynamic activities during a day (10.6 [3.5]%) was comparable to healthy subjects (11.2 4%) (p = 0.66). In most life areas the level of participation was comparable for both groups, although adults with CP spent more time on non-intensive leisure activities. Participation in sports appeared to be a determinant of everyday physical activity in both groups.
CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the levels of everyday physical activity and community participation in adults with hemiplegic CP are comparable to levels in healthy comparison subjects.	van der Slot, Wilma M A
Roebroeck, Marij E
Landkroon, Annemieke P
Terburg, Martinus
Berg-Emons, Rita J G van den
Stam, Henk J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17364768http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:17364768&id=doi:&issn=0963-8288&volume=29&issue=3&spage=179&pages=179-89&date=2007&title=Disability+%26+Rehabilitation&atitle=Everyday+physical+activity+and+community+participation+of+adults+with+hemiplegic+cerebral+palsy.&aulast=van+der+Slot&pid=%3Cauthor%3Evan+der+Slot+WM%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E17364768%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Rehabilitation. Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

R. E. Van Emmerik, R. C. Wagenaar, A. Winogrodzka and E. C. Wolters	1999	Identification of axial rigidity during locomotion in Parkinson disease		Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation			80		2	186-91					Feb	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Identification of axial rigidity during locomotion in Parkinson disease	Arch Phys Med Rehabil	0003-9993												10025495				OBJECTIVES: To identify coordination changes and stability in the movements of the trunk during locomotion in Parkinson disease (PD) as a function of walking velocity.
STUDY DESIGN: Comparison of treadmill locomotion with an opto-electronic tracking device.
PATIENTS: Newly diagnosed patients with PD (n = 27) and a group of healthy control subjects (n = 11).
RESULTS: Coordination between transversal pelvic and thoracic rotations showed significantly smaller changes in mean relative phase (p < .0001) and lower variability in relative phase (p < .0001) in the PD group. No significant differences were found in stride duration and variability in stride duration.
CONCLUSIONS: The relative phase data contradict traditional notions of increased variability in motor control in PD and pinpoint the importance of the trunk in identifying axial rigidity. This discrepancy may be due to lack of control for walking velocity in earlier studies. It is concluded that systematic manipulation of walking velocity can identify coordination deficits and rigidity in trunk movement. This coordination of trunk movement can also be a sensitive measure for (early) diagnosis and the assessment of movement and pharmacological therapy in PD.	Van Emmerik, R E
Wagenaar, R C
Winogrodzka, A
Wolters, E C		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10025495http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:10025495&id=doi:&issn=0003-9993&volume=80&issue=2&spage=186&pages=186-91&date=1999&title=Archives+of+Physical+Medicine+%26+Rehabilitation&atitle=Identification+of+axial+rigidity+during+locomotion+in+Parkinson+disease.&aulast=Van+Emmerik&pid=%3Cauthor%3EVan+Emmerik+RE%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E10025495%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Exercise Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. van Nimwegen, A. D. Speelman, S. Overeem, B. P. van de Warrenburg, K. Smulders, M. L. Dontje, G. F. Borm, F. J. Backx, B. R. Bloem, M. Munneke and G. ParkFit Study	2013	Promotion of physical activity and fitness in sedentary patients with Parkinson's disease: randomised controlled trial		BMJ			346			f576						Multicenter Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Promotion of physical activity and fitness in sedentary patients with Parkinson's disease: randomised controlled trial	Bmj	1756-1833					PMC3585777							23457213				OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether a multifaceted behavioural change programme increases physical activities in patients with Parkinson's disease.
DESIGN: Multicentre randomised controlled trial.
SETTING: 32 community hospitals in the Netherlands, collaborating in a nationwide network (ParkinsonNet).
PARTICIPANTS: 586 sedentary patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease aged between 40 and 75 years with mild to moderate disease severity (Hoehn and Yahr stage < 3).
INTERVENTION: Patients were randomly assigned to the ParkFit programme or a matched general physiotherapy intervention. ParkFit is a multifaceted behavioural change programme, designed specifically to achieve an enduring increase in the level of physical activity (coaches using motivational strategies; ambulatory feedback).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint was the level of physical activity, measured every six months with a standardised seven day recall (LASA physical activity questionnaire-LAPAQ). Secondary endpoints included two other measures of physical activity (activity diary and ambulatory activity monitor), quality of life (Parkinson's disease questionnaire-PDQ-39), and fitness (six minute walk test).
RESULTS: 540 (92.2%) patients completed the primary outcome. During follow-up, overall time spent on physical activities (LAPAQ) was comparable between the groups (adjusted group difference 7%, 95% confidence interval -3 to 17%; P=0.19). Analyses of three secondary outcomes indicated increased physical activity in ParkFit patients, as suggested by the activity diary (difference 30%; P<0.001), the activity monitor (difference 12%; P<0.001), and the six minute walk test (difference 4.8 m; P=0.05). PDQ-39 did not differ between ParkFit patients and controls (difference -0.9 points; P=0.14). The number of fallers was comparable between ParkFit patients (184/299; 62%) and controls (191/287; 67%).
CONCLUSIONS: The ParkFit behavioural change programme did not increase overall physical activity, as measured with the LAPAQ. The analysis of the secondary endpoints justifies further work into the possible merits of behavioural change programmes to increase physical activities in daily life in Parkinson's disease.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical trials NCT00748488.	van Nimwegen, Marlies
Speelman, Arlene D
Overeem, Sebastiaan
van de Warrenburg, Bart P
Smulders, Katrijn
Dontje, Manon L
Borm, George F
Backx, Frank J G
Bloem, Bastiaan R
Munneke, Marten
ParkFit Study Group
Winogrodzka A
Zijlmans JC
Tissingh GJ
Keizer K
Lohmann HJ
van Koningsveld R
Boon AJ
van Wensen E
Strijks FE
van Meer GA
Mosch A
ter Bruggen JP
Roesdi MF
Berger E
Korten AG
Westerink M
Aramideh M
Rundervoort R
Rooyer FA
Kamphuis DJ
de Jong GJ
van Hooff L
Lemmen K
Breuer JM
Krul JM
Laboyrie PM
Opstelten FJ
Sas AM
Nederveen PJ
Lion J
Jansen C
Comment in: BMJ. 2013;346:f1429; PMID: 23468292
bmj.f576		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23457213http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23457213&id=doi:10.1136%2Fbmj.f576&issn=0959-535X&volume=346&issue=01&spage=f576&pages=f576&date=2013&title=BMJ&atitle=Promotion+of+physical+activity+and+fitness+in+sedentary+patients+with+Parkinson%27s+disease%3A+randomised+controlled+trial.&aulast=van+Nimwegen&pid=%3Cauthor%3Evan+Nimwegen+M%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23457213%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Neurology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen Centre for Evidence Based Practice, Nijmegen, Netherlands.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

M. van Nimwegen, A. D. Speelman, S. Overeem, B. P. van de Warrenburg, K. Smulders, M. L. Dontje, G. F. Borm, F. J. Backx, B. R. Bloem and M. Munneke	2013	Promotion of physical activity and fitness in sedentary patients with Parkinson's disease: Randomised controlled trial		BMJ: British Medical Journal Vol 346 Mar 2013, ArtID f576			346								Mar	Empirical Study; Quantitative Study		Promotion of physical activity and fitness in sedentary patients with Parkinson's disease: Randomised controlled trial		0959-8138												2013-07963-001				Objective: To evaluate whether a multifaceted behavioural change programme increases physical activities in patients with Parkinson's disease. Design: Multicentre randomised controlled trial. Setting: 32 community hospitals in the Netherlands, collaborating in a nationwide network (ParkinsonNet). Participants: 586 sedentary patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease aged between 40 and 75 years with mild to moderate disease severity (Hoehn and Yahr stage < 3). Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned to the ParkFit programme or a matched general physiotherapy intervention. ParkFit is a multifaceted behavioural change programme, designed specifically to achieve an enduring increase in the level of physical activity (coaches using motivational strategies; ambulatory feedback). Main outcome measures: The primary endpoint was the level of physical activity, measured every six months with a standardised seven day recall (LASA physical activity questionnaire-LAPAQ). Secondary endpoints included two other measures of physical activity (activity diary and ambulatory activity monitor), quality of life (Parkinson's disease questionnaire-PDQ-39), and fitness (six minute walk test). Results: 540 (92.2%) patients completed the primary outcome. During follow-up, overall time spent on physical activities (LAPAQ) was comparable between the groups (adjusted group difference 7%, 95% confidence interval -3 to 17%; P = 0.19). Analyses of three secondary outcomes indicated increased physical activity in ParkFit patients, as suggested by the activity diary (difference 30%; P < 0.001), the activity monitor (difference 12%; P < 0.001), and the six minute walk test (difference 4.8 m; P = 0.05). PDQ-39 did not differ between ParkFit patients and controls (difference -0.9 points; P = 0.14). The number of fallers was comparable between ParkFit patients (184/299; 62%) and controls (191/287; 67%). Conclusions: The ParkFit behavioural change programme did not increase overall physical activity, as measured with the LAPAQ. The analysis of the secondary endpoints justifies further work into the possible merits of behavioural change programmes to increase physical activities in daily life in Parkinson's disease. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).	The Park Fit Study Group		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=psyc8&AN=2013-07963-001http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:PsycINFO+<April+Week+1+2013+to+June+Week+1+2014>&genre=article&id=pmid:&id=doi:&issn=0959-8138&volume=346&issue=&spage=&pages=&date=2013&title=BMJ:+British+Medical+Journal&atitle=Promotion+of+physical+activity+and+fitness+in+sedentary+patients+with+Parkinson's+disease:+Randomised+controlled+trial.&aulast=van+Nimwegen&pid=<author>van+Nimwegen,+Marlies</author>&<AN>2013-07963-001</AN>		G
Bloem, Bastiaan R.: B.Bloem@neuro.umcn.nl
Bloem, Bastiaan R., B.Bloem@neuro.umcn.nl
van Nimwegen, Marlies: Department of Neurology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen Centre for Evidence Based Practice, Nijmegen, Netherlands Speelman, Arlene D.: Department of Neurology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen Centre for Evidence Based Practice, Nijmegen, Netherlands Overeem, Sebastiaan: Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands van de Warrenburg, Bart P.: Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands Smulders, Katrijn: Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands Dontje, Manon L.: Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Research and Innovation Group in Health Care and Nursing, Groningen, Netherlands Borm, George F.: Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and HTA, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands Backx, Frank J. G.: Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sport, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands Bloem, Bastiaan R.: Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands Munneke, Marten: Department of Neurology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen Centre for Evidence Based Practice, Nijmegen, Netherlands								English

H. Van Remoortel, M. Hornikx, D. Langer, C. Burtin, S. Everaerts, P. Verhamme, S. Boonen, R. Gosselink, M. Decramer, T. Troosters and W. Janssens	2014	Risk factors and comorbidities in the preclinical stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease		American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine			189		1	30-8					Jan 1	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Risk factors and comorbidities in the preclinical stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	Am J Respir Crit Care Med	1535-4970												24219412				RATIONALE: There is little information about comorbidities and their risk factors in the preclinical stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of premorbid risk factors and comorbid diseases and its association with daily physical activity in subjects detected with COPD by spirometry screening.
METHODS: Sixty subjects with preclinical COPD (63 + 6 yr; 68% [n = 41] male) were compared with 60 smoking control subjects (62 + 7 yr; 70% [n = 42] male) and 60 never-smoking control subjects (62 + 6 yr; 57% [n = 34] male). Comorbidities (cardiovascular, metabolic, and musculoskeletal disease) and daily physical activity (by multisensor activity monitor) were measured objectively.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The prevalence of premorbid risk factors and comorbid diseases was significantly higher in preclinical COPD compared with age-matched never-smoking control subjects, but was similar to smoking control subjects not suffering from COPD. In preclinical COPD and smoking control subjects, the combination of cardiovascular disease and musculoskeletal disease was the most prevalent (15% [n = 9] and 12% [n = 7], respectively). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, physical inactivity and smoking were found to be independent risk factors for having greater than or equal to two comorbidities.
CONCLUSIONS: Premorbid risk factors and comorbid diseases were more prevalent in the preclinical stages of COPD and smokers without COPD. Physical inactivity and smoking were more strongly associated with the presence of comorbidities compared with airflow obstruction. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01314807).	Van Remoortel, Hans
Hornikx, Miek
Langer, Daniel
Burtin, Chris
Everaerts, Stephanie
Verhamme, Peter
Boonen, Steven
Gosselink, Rik
Decramer, Marc
Troosters, Thierry
Janssens, Wim
Comment in: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014 Jan 1;189(1):7-8; PMID: 24381987		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=24219412http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:24219412&id=doi:10.1164%2Frccm.201307-1240OC&issn=1073-449X&volume=189&issue=1&spage=30&pages=30-8&date=2014&title=American+Journal+of+Respiratory+%26+Critical+Care+Medicine&atitle=Risk+factors+and+comorbidities+in+the+preclinical+stages+of+chronic+obstructive+pulmonary+disease.&aulast=Van+Remoortel&pid=%3Cauthor%3EVan+Remoortel+H%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E24219412%3C%2FAN%3E		1 Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. H. van Schie, E. L. Noordhof, T. E. Busch-Westbroek, A. Beelen and F. Nollet	2011	Assessment of physical activity in people with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy		Diabetes Research & Clinical Practice			92		1	e9-11					Apr			Assessment of physical activity in people with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy	Diabetes Res Clin Pract	1872-8227												21208677				This study evaluates the validity of the Step Activity Monitor (SAM) for assessing physical activity in neuropathic people with diabetes and the relation with self-reported physical activity. SAM was shown to be valid. Although SAM and self-reported physical activity are correlated, caution should be taken with self-reported data when monitoring individuals. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	van Schie, Carine H M
Noordhof, Elja L J
Busch-Westbroek, Tessa E
Beelen, Anita
Nollet, Frans		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21208677http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21208677&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.diabres.2010.12.013&issn=0168-8227&volume=92&issue=1&spage=e9&pages=e9-11&date=2011&title=Diabetes+Research+%26+Clinical+Practice&atitle=Assessment+of+physical+activity+in+people+with+diabetes+and+peripheral+neuropathy.&aulast=van+Schie&pid=%3Cauthor%3Evan+Schie+CH%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21208677%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Rehabilitation, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. carine.van.schie@gmail.com						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. H. van Schie, F. J. Slim, R. Keukenkamp, W. R. Faber and F. Nollet	2013	Plantar pressure and daily cumulative stress in persons affected by leprosy with current, previous and no previous foot ulceration		Gait & Posture			37		3	326-30					Mar	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Plantar pressure and daily cumulative stress in persons affected by leprosy with current, previous and no previous foot ulceration	Gait Posture	1879-2219												22947998				Not only plantar pressure but also weight-bearing activity affects accumulated mechanical stress to the foot and may be related to foot ulceration. To date, activity has not been accounted for in leprosy. The purpose was to compare barefoot pressure, in-shoe pressure and daily cumulative stress between persons affected by leprosy with and without previous or current foot ulceration. Nine persons with current plantar ulceration were compared to 15 with previous and 15 without previous ulceration. Barefoot peak pressure (EMED-X), in-shoe peak pressure (Pedar-X) and daily cumulative stress (in-shoe forefoot pressure time integralxmean daily strides (Stepwatch Activity Monitor)) were measured. Barefoot peak pressure was increased in persons with current and previous compared to no previous foot ulceration (mean+SD=888+222 and 763+335 vs 465+262kPa, p<0.05). In-shoe peak pressure was only increased in persons with current compared to without previous ulceration (mean+SD=412+145 vs 269+70kPa, p<0.05). Daily cumulative stress was not different between groups, although persons with current and previous foot ulceration were less active. Although barefoot peak pressure was increased in people with current and previous plantar ulceration, it did not discriminate between these groups. While in-shoe peak pressure was increased in persons with current ulceration, they were less active, resulting in no difference in daily cumulative stress. Increased in-shoe peak pressure suggests insufficient pressure reducing footwear in persons with current ulceration, highlighting the importance of pressure reducing qualities of footwear. Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	van Schie, Carine H M
Slim, Frederik J
Keukenkamp, Renske
Faber, William R
Nollet, Frans
S0966-6362(12)00292-5		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22947998http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22947998&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.gaitpost.2012.07.022&issn=0966-6362&volume=37&issue=3&spage=326&pages=326-30&date=2013&title=Gait+%26+Posture&atitle=Plantar+pressure+and+daily+cumulative+stress+in+persons+affected+by+leprosy+with+current%2C+previous+and+no+previous+foot+ulceration.&aulast=van+Schie&pid=%3Cauthor%3Evan+Schie+CH%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22947998%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Rehabilitation, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. carine.van.schie@gmail.com						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

L. Van Wely, A. C. Balemans, J. G. Becher and A. J. Dallmeijer	2014	Physical activity stimulation program for children with cerebral palsy did not improve physical activity: a randomised trial		Journal of Physiotherapy			60		1	40-9					Mar			Physical activity stimulation program for children with cerebral palsy did not improve physical activity: a randomised trial	J Physiother	1836-9553												24856939				Question: In children with cerebral palsy, does a 6-month physical activity stimulation program improve physical activity, mobility capacity, fitness, fatigue and attitude towards sports more than usual paediatric physiotherapy? Design: Multicentre randomised controlled trial with concealed allocation, blinded assessments and intention-to-treat analysis. Participants: Forty-nine walking children (28 males) aged 7-13 years with spastic cerebral palsy and severity of the disability classified as Gross Motor Function Classification System level I-III. Intervention: The intervention group followed a 6-month physical activity stimulation program involving counselling through motivational interviewing, home-based physiotherapy, and 4 months of fitness training. The control group continued their usual paediatric physiotherapy. Outcome measures: Primary outcomes were walking activity (assessed objectively with an activity monitor) and parent-reported physical activity (Activity Questionnaire for Adults and Adolescents). Secondary outcomes were: mobility capacity, consisting of Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (GMFM-66), walking capacity and functional strength, fitness (aerobic and anaerobic capacity, muscle strength), self-reported fatigue, and attitude towards sport (child and parent). Assessments were performed at baseline, 4 months, 6 months and 12 months. Results: There were no significant intervention effects for physical activity or secondary outcomes at any assessment time. Positive trends were found for parent-reported time at moderate-to-vigorous intensity (between-group change ratio=2.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.4) and GMFM-66 (mean between-group difference=2.8 points, 95% CI 0.2 to 5.4) at 6 months, but not at 12 months. There was a trend for a small, but clinically irrelevant, improvement in the children's attitudes towards the disadvantages of sports at 6 months, and towards the advantages of sports at 12 months. Conclusions: This physical activity stimulation program, that combined fitness training, counselling and home-based therapy, was not effective in children with cerebral palsy. Further research should examine the potential of each component of the intervention for improving physical activity in this population. Trial registration: NTR2099. [Van Wely L, Balemans ACJ, Becher JG, Dallmeijer AJ (2014) Physical activity stimulation program for children with cerebral palsy did not improve physical activity: a randomised trial.Journal of Physiotherapy60: 40-49]. Copyright 2014 Australian Physiotherapy Association. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Van Wely, Leontien
Balemans, Astrid Cj
Becher, Jules G
Dallmeijer, Annet J
S1836-9553(14)00008-3		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=24856939http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+In-Process+%26+Other+Non-Indexed+Citations+%3CJune+06%2C+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:24856939&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.jphys.2013.12.007&issn=1836-9553&volume=60&issue=1&spage=40&pages=40-9&date=2014&title=Journal+of+Physiotherapy&atitle=Physical+activity+stimulation+program+for+children+with+cerebral+palsy+did+not+improve+physical+activity%3A+a+randomised+trial.&aulast=Van+Wely&pid=%3Cauthor%3EVan+Wely+L%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E24856939%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

L. van Wely, J. G. Becher, A. C. Balemans and A. J. Dallmeijer	2012	Ambulatory activity of children with cerebral palsy: which characteristics are important?		Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology			54		5	436-42					May	Comparative Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Ambulatory activity of children with cerebral palsy: which characteristics are important?	Dev Med Child Neurol	1469-8749												22414202				AIM: To assess ambulatory activity of children with cerebral palsy (CP), aged 7 to 13 years, and identify associated characteristics.
METHOD: Sixty-two children with spastic CP (39 males, 23 females; mean age 10y 1mo, SD 1y 8mo; age range 7-13y), classified as Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I to III, participated. Ambulatory activity was measured during 1 week with a StepWatch activity monitor as steps per day, and time spent at medium and high step rates. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed following a backward selection procedure until only independent variables with p<0.05 remained in the model. Ambulatory activity outcome parameters served as dependent variables, and disease, personal, and environmental characteristics as independent variables. Ambulatory activity was corrected for body height.
RESULTS: Children took more steps during school days (5169 steps, SD 1641) than during weekend days (4158 steps, SD 2048; p<0.001). Higher GMFCS level, bilateral CP, and higher age were associated with lower ambulatory activity on school days (R(2) ranged from 43-53%), whereas bilateral CP, higher age, and no sport club participation were associated with lower ambulatory activity in the weekend (R(2) ranged from 21-42%). Correcting for body height decreased the association with age.
INTERPRETATION: Interventions should focus at increasing physical activity at the weekend for children with bilateral spastic CP. The Authors. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2012 Mac Keith Press.	van Wely, Leontien
Becher, Jules G
Balemans, Astrid C J
Dallmeijer, Annet J
Comment in: Dev Med Child Neurol. 2012 May;54(5):390-1; PMID: 22414112		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22414202http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22414202&id=doi:10.1111%2Fj.1469-8749.2012.04251.x&issn=0012-1622&volume=54&issue=5&spage=436&pages=436-42&date=2012&title=Developmental+Medicine+%26+Child+Neurology&atitle=Ambulatory+activity+of+children+with+cerebral+palsy%3A+which+characteristics+are+important%3F.&aulast=van+Wely&pid=%3Cauthor%3Evan+Wely+L%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22414202%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Research Institute MOVE, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

L. Van Wely, J. G. Becher, H. A. Reinders-Messelink, E. Lindeman, O. Verschuren, J. Verheijden and A. J. Dallmeijer	2010	LEARN 2 MOVE 7-12 years: a randomized controlled trial on the effects of a physical activity stimulation program in children with cerebral palsy		BMC Pediatrics			10			77						Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		LEARN 2 MOVE 7-12 years: a randomized controlled trial on the effects of a physical activity stimulation program in children with cerebral palsy	BMC Pediatr	1471-2431					PMC2989952							21044314				BACKGROUND: Regular participation in physical activities is important for all children to stay fit and healthy. Children with cerebral palsy have reduced levels of physical activity, compared to typically developing children. The aim of the LEARN 2 MOVE 7-12 study is to improve physical activity by means of a physical activity stimulation program, consisting of a lifestyle intervention and a fitness training program.
METHODS/DESIGN: This study will be a 6-month single-blinded randomized controlled trial with a 6-month follow up. Fifty children with spastic cerebral palsy, aged 7 to 12 years, with Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I-III, will be recruited in pediatric physiotherapy practices and special schools for children with disabilities. The children will be randomly assigned to either the intervention group or control group. The children in the control group will continue with their regular pediatric physiotherapy, and the children in the intervention group will participate in a 6-month physical activity stimulation program. The physical activity stimulation program consists of a 6-month lifestyle intervention, in combination with a 4-month fitness training program. The lifestyle intervention includes counseling the child and the parents to adopt an active lifestyle through Motivational Interviewing, and home-based physiotherapy to practise mobility-related activities in the daily situation. Data will be collected just before the start of the intervention (T0), after the 4-month fitness training program (T4), after the 6-month lifestyle intervention (T6), and after six months of follow-up (T12). Primary outcomes are physical activity, measured with the StepWatch Activity Monitor and with self-reports. Secondary outcomes are fitness, capacity of mobility, social participation and health-related quality of life. A random coefficient analysis will be performed to determine differences in treatment effect between the control group and the intervention group, with primary outcomes and secondary outcomes as the dependent variables.
DISCUSSION: This is the first study that investigates the effect of a combined lifestyle intervention and fitness training on physical activity. Temporary effects of the fitness training are expected to be maintained by changes to an active lifestyle in daily life and in the home situation.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered in the Dutch Trial Register as NTR2099.	Van Wely, Leontien
Becher, Jules G
Reinders-Messelink, Heleen A
Lindeman, Eline
Verschuren, Olaf
Verheijden, Johannes
Dallmeijer, Annet J		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21044314http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21044314&id=doi:10.1186%2F1471-2431-10-77&issn=1471-2431&volume=10&issue=1&spage=77&pages=77&date=2010&title=BMC+Pediatrics&atitle=LEARN+2+MOVE+7-12+years%3A+a+randomized+controlled+trial+on+the+effects+of+a+physical+activity+stimulation+program+in+children+with+cerebral+palsy.&aulast=Van+Wely&pid=%3Cauthor%3EVan+Wely+L%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21044314%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Research Institute MOVE, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. l.vanwely@vumc.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

L. van Wely, J. G. Becher, A. C. Balemans and A. J. Dallmeijer	2012	Ambulatory activity of children with cerebral palsy: Which characteristics are important?		Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology			54		5	436-442					May	Empirical Study; Longitudinal Study; Interview; Quantitative Study		Ambulatory activity of children with cerebral palsy: Which characteristics are important?		0012-1622
1469-8749												2012-09303-015				Aim: To assess ambulatory activity of children with cerebral palsy (CP), aged 7 to 13 years, and identify associated characteristics. Method: Sixty-two children with spastic CP (39males, 23 females;mean age 10y 1mo, SD 1y 8mo; age range 7-13y), classified as Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I to III, participated. Ambulatory activity was measured during 1 week with a Step Watch activity monitor as steps per day, and time spent at medium and high step rates. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed following a backward selection procedure until only independent variables with p < 0.05 remained in the model. Ambulatory activity outcome parameters served as dependent variables, and disease, personal, and environmental characteristics as independent variables. Ambulatory activity was corrected for body height. Results: Children took more steps during school days (5169 steps, SD 1641) than during weekend days (4158 steps, SD 2048; p < 0.001). Higher GMFCS level, bilateral CP, and higher age were associated with lower ambulatory activity on school days (R2 ranged from 43-53%), whereas bilateral CP, higher age, and no sport club participation were associated with lower ambulatory activity in the weekend (R2 ranged from 21-42%). Correcting for body height decreased the association with age. Interpretation: Interventions should focus at increasing physical activity at the weekend for children with bilateral spastic CP. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).			http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=psyc7&AN=2012-09303-015http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:PsycINFO+<2011+to+March+Week+4+2013>&genre=article&id=pmid:&id=doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2012.04251.x&issn=0012-1622&volume=54&issue=5&spage=436&pages=436-442&date=2012&title=Developmental+Medicine+&+Child+Neurology&atitle=Ambulatory+activity+of+children+with+cerebral+palsy:+Which+characteristics+are+important?&aulast=van+Wely&pid=<author>van+Wely,+Leontien</author>&<AN>2012-09303-015</AN>		J
van Wely, Leontien: l.vanwely@vumc.nl
van Wely, Leontien: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Research Institute MOVE, VU University Medical Center, Postal Box 7057, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1007 MB, l.vanwely@vumc.nl
van Wely, Leontien: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Research Institute MOVE, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands Becher, Jules G.: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Research Institute MOVE, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands Balemans, Astrid C. J.: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Research Institute MOVE, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands Dallmeijer, Annet J.: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Research Institute MOVE, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands								English

C. Vandelanotte, C. M. Caperchione, M. Ellison, E. S. George, A. Maeder, G. S. Kolt, M. J. Duncan, M. Karunanithi, M. Noakes, C. Hooker, P. Viljoen and W. K. Mummery	2013	What kinds of website and mobile phone-delivered physical activity and nutrition interventions do middle-aged men want?		Journal of Health Communication			18		9	1070-83						Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		What kinds of website and mobile phone-delivered physical activity and nutrition interventions do middle-aged men want?	J Health Commun	1087-0415												23647448				Within a health context, men in Western societies are a hard-to-reach population who experience higher rates of chronic disease compared with women. Innovative technology-based interventions that specifically target men are needed; however, little is known about how these should be developed for this group. This study aimed to examine opinions and perceptions regarding the use of Internet and mobile phones to improve physical activity and nutrition behaviors for middle-aged men. The authors conducted 6 focus groups (n = 30) in Queensland, Australia. Their analyses identified 6 themes: (a) Internet experience, (b) website characteristics, (c) Web 2.0 applications, (d) website features, (e) self-monitoring, and (f) mobile phones as delivery method. The outcomes indicate that men support the use of the Internet to improve and self-monitor physical activity and dietary behaviors on the condition that the website-delivered interventions are quick and easy to use, because commitment levels to engage in online tasks are low. Participants also indicated that they were reluctant to use normal mobile phones to change health behaviors, although smartphones were perceived to be more acceptable. This pilot study suggests that there are viable avenues to engage middle-aged men in Internet- or in mobile-delivered health interventions. This study also suggests that to be successful, these interventions need to be tailor-made especially for men, with an emphasis on usability and convenience. A wider quantitative study would bring further support to these findings.	Vandelanotte, Corneel
Caperchione, Cristina M
Ellison, Marcus
George, Emma S
Maeder, Anthony
Kolt, Gregory S
Duncan, Mitch J
Karunanithi, Mohanraj
Noakes, Manny
Hooker, Cindy
Viljoen, Pierre
Mummery, W Kerry		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23647448http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23647448&id=doi:10.1080%2F10810730.2013.768731&issn=1081-0730&volume=18&issue=9&spage=1070&pages=1070-83&date=2013&title=Journal+of+Health+Communication&atitle=What+kinds+of+website+and+mobile+phone-delivered+physical+activity+and+nutrition+interventions+do+middle-aged+men+want%3F.&aulast=Vandelanotte&pid=%3Cauthor%3EVandelanotte+C%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23647448%3C%2FAN%3E		Centre for Physical Activity Studies, Institute for Health and Social Science Research, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia. c.vandelanotte@cqu.edu.au						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. Vandelanotte, C. M. Caperchione, M. Ellison, E. S. George, A. Maeder, G. S. Kolt, M. J. Duncan, M. Karunanithi, M. Noakes, C. Hooker, P. Viljoen and W. Mummery	2013	What kinds of website and mobile phone-delivered physical activity and nutrition interventions do middle-aged men want?		Journal of Health Communication			18		9	1070-1083					Sep	Empirical Study; Interview; Focus Group; Qualitative Study		What kinds of website and mobile phone-delivered physical activity and nutrition interventions do middle-aged men want?		1081-0730
1087-0415												2013-30048-004				Within a health context, men in Western societies are a hard-to-reach population who experience higher rates of chronic disease compared with women. Innovative technology-based interventions that specifically target men are needed; however, little is known about how these should be developed for this group. This study aimed to examine opinions and perceptions regarding the use of Internet and mobile phones to improve physical activity and nutrition behaviors for middle-aged men. The authors conducted 6 focus groups (n = 30) in Queensland, Australia. Their analyses identified 6 themes: (a) Internet experience, (b) website characteristics, (c) Web 2.0 applications, (d) website features, (e) self-monitoring, and (f) mobile phones as delivery method. The outcomes indicate that men support the use of the Internet to improve and self-monitor physical activity and dietary behaviors on the condition that the website-delivered interventions are quick and easy to use, because commitment levels to engage in online tasks are low. Participants also indicated that they were reluctant to use normal mobile phones to change health behaviors, although smartphones were perceived to be more acceptable. This pilot study suggests that there are viable avenues to engage middle-aged men in Internet- or in mobile-delivered health interventions. This study also suggests that to be successful, these interventions need to be tailor-made especially for men, with an emphasis on usability and convenience. A wider quantitative study would bring further support to these findings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).			http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=psyc8&AN=2013-30048-004http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:PsycINFO+<April+Week+1+2013+to+June+Week+1+2014>&genre=article&id=pmid:&id=doi:10.1080/10810730.2013.768731&issn=1081-0730&volume=18&issue=9&spage=1070&pages=1070-1083&date=2013&title=Journal+of+Health+Communication&atitle=What+kinds+of+website+and+mobile+phone-delivered+physical+activity+and+nutrition+interventions+do+middle-aged+men+want?&aulast=Vandelanotte&pid=<author>Vandelanotte,+Corneel</author>&<AN>2013-30048-004</AN>		Kerry
Vandelanotte, Corneel: c.vandelanotte@cqu.edu.au
Vandelanotte, Corneel: Centre for Physical Activity Studies, Institute for Health and Social Science Research, Central Queensland University, Building 18, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia, 4702, c.vandelanotte@cqu.edu.au
Vandelanotte, Corneel: Centre for Physical Activity Studies, Institute for Health and Social Science Research, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia Caperchione, Cristina M.: Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada Ellison, Marcus: Centre for Physical Activity Studies, Institute for Health and Social Science Research, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia George, Emma S.: School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Maeder, Anthony: School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Kolt, Gregory S.: School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Duncan, Mitch J.: Centre for Physical Activity Studies, Institute for Health and Social Science Research, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia Karunanithi, Mohanraj: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian E-Health Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Noakes, Manny: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Food and Nutritional Sciences, Adelaide, SA, Australia Hooker, Cindy: Centre for Physical Activity Studies, Institute for Health and Social Science Research, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia Viljoen, Pierre: Office of Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Central Queensland University, Mackay, QLD, Australia Mummery, W. Kerry: Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada								English

C. Vandelanotte, I. De Bourdeaudhuij, R. Philippaerts, M. Sjostrom and J. Sallis	2005	Reliability and Validity of a Computerized and Dutch Version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)		Journal of Physical Activity & Health			2		1	63-75					Jan	Empirical Study; Quantitative Study		Reliability and Validity of a Computerized and Dutch Version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)		1543-3080
1543-5474												2007-00949-004				Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of a newly developed computerized Dutch version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Methods: Subjects (N = 53) completed the computerized IPAQ at three specified times. Subjects wore a CSA activity monitor during seven full days and simultaneously completed a 7-d physical activity diary. Finally, respondents filled out a paper and pencil IPAQ. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.60 to 0.83. Correlations for "total physical activity" between the computerized IPAQ and the CSA activity counts were moderate (min: r = 0.38; kcal: r = 0.43). Correlations with the physical activity diary were also moderate (min: r = 0.39; kcal: r = 0.46). Correlations between the computerized and the paper and pencil IPAQ were high (min: r = 0.80; kcal: r = 0.84). Conclusions: The computerized Dutch IPAQ is a reliable and reasonably valid physical activity measurement tool for the general adult population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).			http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=psyc4&AN=2007-00949-004http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:PsycINFO+<2002+to+2005>&genre=article&id=pmid:&id=doi:&issn=1543-3080&volume=2&issue=1&spage=63&pages=63-75&date=2005&title=Journal+of+Physical+Activity+&+Health&atitle=Reliability+and+Validity+of+a+Computerized+and+Dutch+Version+of+the+International+Physical+Activity+Questionnaire+(IPAQ).&aulast=Vandelanotte&pid=<author>Vandelanotte,+Corneel</author>&<AN>2007-00949-004</AN>		Vandelanotte, Corneel: Dept of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, 9000
Vandelanotte, Corneel: Dept of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium De Bourdeaudhuij, Ilse: Dept of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Philippaerts, Renaat: Dept of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Sjostrom, Michael: Unit for Preventive Nutrition at Novum, Dept of Biosciences, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden Sallis, James: Dept of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, US								English

E. Vanninen, M. Uusitupa, O. Siitonen, J. Laitinen and E. Lansimies	1992	Habitual physical activity, aerobic capacity and metaboic control in patients with newly-diagnosed Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: Effect of 1-year diet and exercise intervention		Diabetologia			35		4	340-6								Habitual physical activity, aerobic capacity and metaboic control in patients with newly-diagnosed Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: Effect of 1-year diet and exercise intervention														CN-00195675				The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a 1-year intensified diet and exercise education regimen on habitual physical activity and aerobic capacity in middle-aged, obese patients with newly-diagnosed Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. In addition, we analysed whether the level and the changes in physical activity and aerobic capacity are related to the metabolic control of diabetes. After a 3-month basic education programme, 78 patients (45 men, 33 women) were randomly placed in an intervention or conventionally treated group. The intervention group received intensified diet education and continuous encouragement to increase physical activity which was monitored using exercise records and questionnaires. Aerobic capacity was assessed by measuring oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold and at peak exercise. The proportion of patients with regular recreational exercise increased from 24% to 38% in the intervention men (0.10 < p < 0.20), remained at 54% in the conventionally treated men, increased from 53% to 70% in the intervention women (0.10 < p < 0.20) and from 31% to 50% (0.10 < p < 0.20) in the conventionally treated women. No measurable improvement was found in oxygen uptake in any of the groups. When the groups were combined, HbA(1c) showed an inverse correlation with oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (r = -0.27, p <0.01) and maximum oxygen uptake (r = -0.28, p < 0.01) at 12 months. The change in maximum oxygen uptake was linearly correlated with the change in HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.28, p < 0.01) and those patients with improved aerobic capacity (n = 37) had higher HDL-cholesterol level at the end of the study than those (n = 41) with unaltered or decreased aerobic capacity (1.27 plus or minus 0.27 vs 1.12 plus or minus 0.25 mmol . l-1, mean plus or minus SD;p < 0.05). In conclusion, in this long-term prospective study repeated encouragement and follow-up using exercise records was not sufficient to induce a significant increase in physical activity and an improvement in aerobic capacity in diabetic patients. Our results suggest, however, that high aerobic capacity is beneficial for glycaemic control, and on the other hand, even slight increase in aerobic capacity is associated with an increase in HDL-cholesterol level. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B. V., Amsterdam. All Rights Reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/675/CN-00195675/frame.html										
E. Vanninen, M. Uusitupa, O. Siitonen, J. Laitinen and E. Länsimies	1992	Habitual physical activity, aerobic capacity and metabolic control in patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: effect of 1-year diet and exercise intervention		Diabetologia			35		4	340-6						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Habitual physical activity, aerobic capacity and metabolic control in patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: effect of 1-year diet and exercise intervention								Pubmed 1516762						CN-00086743				The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a 1-year intensified diet and exercise education regimen on habitual physical activity and aerobic capacity in middle-aged, obese patients with newly-diagnosed Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. In addition, we analysed whether the level and the changes in physical activity and aerobic capacity are related to the metabolic control of diabetes. After a 3-month basic education programme, 78 patients (45 men, 33 women) were randomly placed in an intervention or conventionally treated group. The intervention group received intensified diet education and continuous encouragement to increase physical activity which was monitored using exercise records and questionnaires. Aerobic capacity was assessed by measuring oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold and at peak exercise. The proportion of patients with regular recreational exercise increased from 24% to 38% in the intervention men (0.10 less than p less than 0.20), remained at 54% in the conventionally treated men, increased from 53% to 70% in the intervention women (0.10 less than p less than 0.20) and from 31% to 50% (0.10 less than p less than 0.20) in the conventionally treated women. No measurable improvement was found in oxygen uptake in any of the groups. When the groups were combined, HbA1c showed an inverse correlation with oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (r = 0.27, p less than 0.01) and maximum oxygen uptake (r = 0.28, p less than 0.01) at 12 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/743/CN-00086743/frame.html										
M. Vargas, A. Puig, M. Maza, P. Morales, D. Vargas, B. Bunout, V. Gattás and S. Hirsch	1995	[Patients with chronic airflow limitation: effects of the inspiratory muscle training with threshold load valve, built with appropriate technology, associated to nutritional support]		Revista médica de Chile			123		10	1225-34						Clinical Trial; English Abstract; Randomized Controlled Trial		[Patients with chronic airflow limitation: effects of the inspiratory muscle training with threshold load valve, built with appropriate technology, associated to nutritional support]								Pubmed 8733313						CN-00128389				AIM: To assess prospectively the effects of a controlled program of inspiratory muscle training program and nutritional support in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients with COPD were randomly assigned into four groups. Group I received a 1000 kcal/day nutritional supplement, given as a casein based enteral nutritional formula; group III was subjected to inspiratory muscle training, using an inexpensive pressure threshold load valve constructed according to the Appropriate Technology principles of the WHO, adjusted at 30% of Maximal Inspiratory Mouth Pressure and received also the nutritional supplement; group IV was trained but did not receive the nutritional supplement and group II was not trained nor supplemented. Patients were studied during three months and monthly, inspiratory muscle function, exercise capacity and anthropometry were measured. RESULTS: A significant improvement in exercise capacity, maximal inspiratory pressure and inspiratory muscle endurance was observed in the four groups throughout the study. Trained subjects had greater improvement in their inspiratory muscle endurance, compared to untrained subjects. Nutritional support had no effect in inspiratory muscle function or exercise capacity. No changes in anthropometric measures were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The pressure threshold load valve used in this study, improved inspiratory muscle endurance and nutritional support had no effect in patients with COPD.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/389/CN-00128389/frame.html										
M. Velthuis, A. May, R. Koppejan-Rensenbrink, B. Gijsen, E. Breda, G. Wit, C. Schröder, E. Monninkhof, E. Lindeman, E. Wall and P. Peeters	2010	Physical Activity during Cancer Treatment (PACT) Study: design of a randomised clinical trial		BMC cancer			10			272						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Physical Activity during Cancer Treatment (PACT) Study: design of a randomised clinical trial								Pubmed 20534147						CN-00751353				BACKGROUND: Fatigue is a major problem of cancer patients. Thirty percent of cancer survivors report serious fatigue three years after finishing treatment. There is evidence that physical exercise during cancer treatment reduces fatigue. This may also lead to an improvement of quality of life. Such findings may result in a decrease of healthcare related expenditures and societal costs due to sick leave. However, no studies are known that investigated these hypotheses. Therefore, the primary aim of our study is to assess the effect of exercise during cancer treatment on reducing complaints of fatigue and on reducing health service utilisation and sick leave. METHODS/DESIGN: The Physical Activity during Cancer Treatment study is a multicentre randomised controlled trial in 150 breast and 150 colon cancer patients undergoing cancer treatment. Participants will be randomised to an exercise or a control group. In addition to the usual care, the exercise group will participate in an 18-week supervised group exercise programme. The control group will be asked to maintain their habitual physical activity pattern. Study endpoints will be assessed after 18 weeks (short term) and after 9 months (long term). Validated questionnaires will be used. Primary outcome: fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory and Fatigue Quality List) and cost-effectiveness, health service utilisation and sick leave. Secondary outcome: health related quality of life (European Organisation Research and Treatment of Cancer-Quality of Life questionnaire-C30, Short Form 36 healthy survey), impact on functioning and autonomy (Impact on functioning and autonomy questionnaire), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), physical fitness (aerobic peak capacity, muscle strength), body composition and cognitive-behavioural aspects. To register health service utilisation and sick leave, participants will keep diaries including the EuroQuol-5D. Physical activity level will be measured using the Short Questionnaire to Assess Health-Enhancing Physical Activity and will be monitored with an exercise log and a pedometer. DISCUSSION: This study investigates the (cost)-effectiveness of exercise during adjuvant treatment of patients with breast or colon cancer. If early physical exercise proves to be (cost) effective, establishing standardised physical exercise programmes during cancer treatment will be planned. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled trials ISRCTN43801571, Dutch Trial Register NTR2138.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/353/CN-00751353/frame.html										
E. Venditti, D. Elliot, M. Faith, L. Firrell, C. Giles, L. Goldberg, M. Marcus, M. Schneider, S. Solomon, D. Thompson and Z. Yin	2009	Rationale, design and methods of the HEALTHY study behavior intervention component		International journal of obesity (2005)			33 Suppl 4			S44-51						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Rationale, design and methods of the HEALTHY study behavior intervention component								Pubmed 19623189						CN-00749978				HEALTHY was a multi-center primary prevention trial designed to reduce risk factors for type 2 diabetes in adolescents. Seven centers each recruited six middle schools that were randomized to either intervention or control. The HEALTHY intervention integrated multiple components in nutrition, physical education, behavior change and communications and promotion. The conceptual rationale as well as the design and development of the behavior intervention component are described. Pilot study data informed the development of the behavior intervention component. Principles of social learning and health-related behavior change were incorporated. One element of the behavior intervention component was a sequence of peer-led, teacher-facilitated learning activities known as FLASH (Fun Learning Activities for Student Health). Five FLASH modules were implemented over five semesters of the HEALTHY study, with the first module delivered in the second semester of the sixth grade and the last module in the second semester of the eighth grade. Each module contained sessions that were designed to be delivered on a weekly basis to foster self-awareness, knowledge, decision-making skills and peer involvement for health behavior change. FLASH behavioral practice incorporated individual and group self-monitoring challenges for eating and activity. Another element of the behavior intervention component was the family outreach strategy for extending changes in physical activity and healthy eating beyond the school day and for supporting the student's lifestyle change choices. Family outreach strategies included the delivery of newsletters and supplemental packages with materials to promote healthy behavior in the home environment during school summer and winter holiday breaks. In conclusion, the HEALTHY behavior intervention component, when integrated with total school food and physical education environmental changes enhanced by communications and promotional campaigns, is a feasible and acceptable mechanism for delivering age-appropriate social learning for healthy eating and physical activity among an ethnically diverse group of middle school students across the United States.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/978/CN-00749978/frame.html										
E. Venditti, J. Wylie-Rosett, L. Delahanty, L. Mele, M. Hoskin and S. Edelstein	2014	Short and long-term lifestyle coaching approaches used to address diverse participant barriers to weight loss and physical activity adherence		International journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity			11		1							Journal: Article		Short and long-term lifestyle coaching approaches used to address diverse participant barriers to weight loss and physical activity adherence														CN-00982563				Background: Individual barriers to weight loss and physical activity goals in the Diabetes Prevention Program, a randomized trial with 3.2 years average treatment duration, have not been previously reported. Evaluating barriers and the lifestyle coaching approaches used to improve adherence in a large, diverse participant cohort can inform dissemination efforts.Methods: Lifestyle coaches documented barriers and approaches after each session (mean session attendance = 50.3 + 21.8). Subjects were 1076 intensive lifestyle participants (mean age = 50.6 years; mean BMI = 33.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; 68% female, 48% non-Caucasian). Barriers and approaches used to improve adherence were ranked by the percentage of the cohort for whom they applied. Barrier groupings were also analyzed in relation to baseline demographic characteristics.Results: Top weight loss barriers reported were problems with self-monitoring (58%); social cues (58%); holidays (54%); low activity (48%); and internal cues (thought/mood) (44%). Top activity barriers were holidays (51%); time management (50%); internal cues (30%); illness (29%), and motivation (26%). The percentage of the cohort having any type of barrier increased over the long-term intervention period. A majority of the weight loss barriers were significantly associated with younger age, greater obesity, and non-Caucasian race/ethnicity (p-values vary). Physical activity barriers, particularly thought and mood cues, social cues and time management, physical injury or illness and access/weather, were most significantly associated with being female and obese (p < 0.001 for all). Lifestyle coaches used problem-solving with most participants (>75% short-term; > 90% long term) and regularly reviewed self-monitoring skills. More costly approaches were used infrequently during the first 16 sessions (<10%) but increased over 3.2 years.Conclusion: Behavioral problem solving approaches have short and long term dissemination potential for many kinds of participant barriers. Given minimal resources, increased attention to training lifestyle coaches in the consistent use of these approaches appears warranted. 2014 Venditti et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/563/CN-00982563/frame.html										
A. Verderber, K. Gallagher and R. Severino	1995	The effect of nursing interventions on transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions		Western journal of nursing research			17		1	76-90; discussion 101-11						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		The effect of nursing interventions on transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions								Pubmed 7863649						CN-00110814				The objectives for this study were to (a) establish reference values for transcutaneous oxygen tension (PtcO2) and carbon dioxide tension (PtcCO2) in response to three common patient events (a nurse-administered bed bath, passive range-of-motion exercises, and turning from side to side), and (b) determine if these physiological parameters vary according to the order in which the interventions are administered. A convenience sample of 30 healthy men and women were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups, which designated the order in which the interventions were administered. Instrumentation included a Novametrix Model 840 transcutaneous monitor, a Dinamap BP monitor, a BoMed NCCOM3 cardiovascular monitor, and YSI 44008 thermistors. Analysis of ambient temperature at baseline revealed that the room was significantly cooler for men than for women. Analysis of covariance revealed no significant difference between men and women, except at baseline. The mean PtcO2 for each activity, as well as the post-activity period, was significantly higher than at baseline. There was a significant interaction between gender and activity for PtcO2 and PtcCO2. For both men and women, the mean changes in PtcCO2 were statistically significant but clinically insignificant. The order in which interventions were administered did not have a significant effect on either PtcO2 or PtcCO2. The results suggest that the physical activity associated with nursing interventions may significantly improve oxygen levels in the skin by stimulating overall cutaneous circulation.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/814/CN-00110814/frame.html										
R. Verwey, S. van der Weegen, M. Spreeuwenberg, H. Tange, T. van der Weijden and L. de Witte	2014	A monitoring and feedback tool embedded in a counselling protocol to increase physical activity of patients with COPD or type 2 diabetes in primary care: study protocol of a three-arm cluster randomised controlled trial		BMC Family Practice			15		1	93								A monitoring and feedback tool embedded in a counselling protocol to increase physical activity of patients with COPD or type 2 diabetes in primary care: study protocol of a three-arm cluster randomised controlled trial	BMC Fam Pract	1471-2296					PMC4030038							24885096				BACKGROUND: Physical activity is important for a healthy lifestyle. Although physical activity can delay complications and decrease the burden of the disease, the level of activity of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) is often far from optimal. To stimulate physical activity, a monitoring and feedback tool, consisting of an accelerometer linked to a smart phone and webserver (It's LiFe! tool), and a counselling protocol for practice nurses in primary care was developed (the Self-management Support Program). The main objective of this study is to measure the longitudinal effects of this counselling protocol and the added value of using the tool.
METHODS/DESIGN: This three-armed cluster randomised controlled trial with 120 participants with COPD and 120 participants with DM2 (aged 40-70), compares the counselling protocol with and without the use of the tool (group 1 and 2) with usual care (group 3). Recruitment takes place at GP practices in the southern regions of the Netherlands. Randomisation takes place at the practice level. The intended sample (three arms of 8 practices) powers the study to detect a 10-minute difference of moderate and intense physical activity per day between groups 1 and 3. Participants in the intervention groups have to visit the practice nurse 3-4 times for physical activity counselling, in a 4-6-month period. Specific activity goals tailored to the individual patient's preferences and needs will be set. In addition, participants in group 1 will be instructed to use the tool in daily life. The primary outcome, physical activity, will be measured in all groups with a physical activity monitor (PAM). Secondary outcomes are quality of life, general - and exercise - self-efficacy, and health status. Follow-up will take place after 6 and 9 months. Separately, a process evaluation will be conducted to explore reasons for trial non-participation, and the intervention's acceptability for participating patients and nurses.
DISCUSSION: Results of this study will give insight into the effects of the It's LiFe! monitoring and feedback tool combined with care from a practice nurse for people with COPD or DM2 on physical activity.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01867970.	Verwey, Renee
van der Weegen, Sanne
Spreeuwenberg, Marieke
Tange, Huibert
van der Weijden, Trudy
de Witte, Luc		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=prem&AN=24885096http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+In-Process+%26+Other+Non-Indexed+Citations+%3CJune+06%2C+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:24885096&id=doi:10.1186%2F1471-2296-15-93&issn=1471-2296&volume=15&issue=1&spage=93&pages=93&date=2014&title=BMC+Family+Practice&atitle=A+monitoring+and+feedback+tool+embedded+in+a+counselling+protocol+to+increase+physical+activity+of+patients+with+COPD+or+type+2+diabetes+in+primary+care%3A+study+protocol+of+a+three-arm+cluster+randomised+controlled+trial.&aulast=Verwey&pid=%3Cauthor%3EVerwey+R%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E24885096%3C%2FAN%3E		School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands. r.verwey@maastrichtuniversity.nl.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

R. Verwey, S. van der Weegen, M. Spreeuwenberg, H. Tange, T. van der Weijden and L. de Witte	2014	A monitoring and feedback tool embedded in a counselling protocol to increase physical activity of patients with COPD or type 2 diabetes in primary care: study protocol of a three-arm cluster randomised controlled trial		BMC Family Practice			15		1	1-20								A monitoring and feedback tool embedded in a counselling protocol to increase physical activity of patients with COPD or type 2 diabetes in primary care: study protocol of a three-arm cluster randomised controlled trial		1471-2296												2012581416. Language: English. Entry Date: 20140530. Revision Date: 20140606. Publication Type: journal article				Background Physical activity is important for a healthy lifestyle. Although physical activity can delay complications and decrease the burden of the disease, the level of activity of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) is often far from optimal. To stimulate physical activity, a monitoring and feedback tool, consisting of an accelerometer linked to a smart phone and webserver (It's LiFe! tool), and a counselling protocol for practice nurses in primary care was developed (the Self-management Support Program). The main objective of this study is to measure the longitudinal effects of this counselling protocol and the added value of using the tool. Methods/Design This three-armed cluster randomised controlled trial with 120 participants with COPD and 120 participants with DM2 (aged 40-70), compares the counselling protocol with and without the use of the tool (group 1 and 2) with usual care (group 3). Recruitment takes place at GP practices in the southern regions of the Netherlands. Randomisation takes place at the practice level. The intended sample (three arms of 8 practices) powers the study to detect a 10-minute difference of moderate and intense physical activity per day between groups 1 and 3. Participants in the intervention groups have to visit the practice nurse 3-4 times for physical activity counselling, in a 4-6-month period. Specific activity goals tailored to the individual patient's preferences and needs will be set. In addition, participants in group 1 will be instructed to use the tool in daily life. The primary outcome, physical activity, will be measured in all groups with a physical activity monitor (PAM). Secondary outcomes are quality of life, general - and exercise - self-efficacy, and health status. Follow-up will take place after 6 and 9 months. Separately, a process evaluation will be conducted to explore reasons for trial non-participation, and the intervention's acceptability for participating patients and nurses. Discussion Results of this study will give insight into the effects of the It's LiFe! monitoring and feedback tool combined with care from a practice nurse for people with COPD or DM2 on physical activity. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01867970	randomized controlled trial; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Online; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. Instrumentation: Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36); Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ); Diabetes Symptom Checklist-Revised (DSC-R); General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSS). Grant Information: The project is funded by ZonMw (The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and development) in the programme ‘New Instruments for Healthcare’.. NLM UID: 100967792.		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2012581416&site=ehost-live		School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands						rzh	EBSCOhost	
M. Vidán, E. Sánchez, M. Alonso, B. Montero, J. Ortiz and J. Serra	2009	An intervention integrated into daily clinical practice reduces the incidence of delirium during hospitalization in elderly patients		Journal of the American Geriatrics Society			57		11	2029-36						Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		An intervention integrated into daily clinical practice reduces the incidence of delirium during hospitalization in elderly patients								Pubmed 19754498						CN-00732220				OBJECTIVES: To analyze the effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention integrated into daily practice for the prevention of in-hospital delirium in elderly patients. DESIGN: Controlled study comparing an intervention in a geriatric unit (GI) with usual care in two internal medicine services (UC). SETTING: University hospital in Madrid, Spain. PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred forty-two consecutive patients (170 GI, 372 UC), aged 70 and older, with any of the risk criteria for delirium (cognitive impairment, visual impairment, acute disease severity, dehydration). INTERVENTION: Educational measures and specific actions in seven risk areas (orientation, sensory impairment, sleep, mobilization, hydration, nutrition, drug use). Daily monitoring of adherence. MEASUREMENTS: Baseline characteristics, risk factors for delirium, and quality care indicators were analyzed. The primary endpoint was incidence of delirium assessed daily. The secondary endpoint was functional decline, defined as loss of independence in any of the activities of daily living. The intervention effect was evaluated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Delirium affected 11.7% of the GI group and 18.5% of the UC group (P=.04). After adjustment for confounders, the intervention was associated with lower incidence of delirium (odds ratio=0.4, 95% confidence interval=0.24-0.77; P=.005). In the patients who experienced delirium, severity, length, and recurrence of episodes were similar in both groups. Adherence to the intervention protocols was 75.7%. The intervention reduced the rate of functional decline (45.5% in GI vs 56.3% in UC, P=.03) and improved other quality indicators (e.g., mobilization and physical restraints reduction). CONCLUSION: A multicomponent, nonpharmacological intervention integrated into routine practice reduces delirium during hospitalization in older patients, improves quality of care, and can be implemented without additional resources in a public healthcare system.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/220/CN-00732220/frame.html										
M. Vidovich, J. Shaw, L. Flicker and O. Almeida	2011	Cognitive activity for the treatment of older adults with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD)--PACE AD: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial		Trials			12			47						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Cognitive activity for the treatment of older adults with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD)--PACE AD: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial								Pubmed 21329501						CN-00787418				BACKGROUND: Participation in cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) may reduce the rate of cognitive decline in people with Alzheimer's disease (AD), however it is unclear if the training of carers to deliver activities is sufficient to improve the clinical outcome of patients. The Promoting Healthy Ageing with Cognitive Exercise for Alzheimer's Disease (PACE-AD) study has been designed to determine if change in cognitive function over a six month period can be achieved with participation in cognitive stimulating activities when the intervention is delivered to carers only as opposed to carers and patients. METHODS/DESIGN: The study will aim to recruit 128 community-dwelling men and women with probable AD according to NINCDS-ADRDS criteria. Participants will be randomly allocated to one of two cognitive activity treatment groups: (1) Participants with mild AD and their companions together (2) Companions of participants with mild AD alone. The intervention will consist of a twelve-week program of cognitive stimulation. Seven weeks of the program will involve 90-minute group sessions delivered once per week while the remaining weeks of the program will involve structured home based activities with telephone support. The primary outcome measure of the study is the change from baseline in the total score on the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive (ADAS-COG). Secondary outcomes of interest include changes in health related quality of life, mood, memory, language, executive functions, independent living abilities and psychiatric symptoms for participants with mild AD. Changes in companion quality of life, mood, and general health will also be monitored. Primary endpoints will be collected 13 and 26 weeks after the baseline assessment. DISCUSSION: The proposed project will provide evidence as to whether CST for people with AD and their companions is more beneficial than when used for companions alone. Outcomes sought include a reduction of further cognitive decline and improved quality of life amongst older adults with mild AD. We anticipate that the results of this study will have implications for the development of cost-effective evidence-based best practice to treat people with mild AD. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ACTRN12610000653066.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/418/CN-00787418/frame.html										
A. Villarini, P. Pasanisi, A. Traina, M. Mano, B. Bonanni, S. Panico, C. Scipioni, R. Galasso, A. Paduos, M. Simeoni, E. Bellotti, M. Barbero, G. Macellari, E. Venturelli, M. Raimondi, E. Bruno, G. Gargano, G. Fornaciari, D. Morelli, E. Seregni, V. Krogh and F. Berrino	2012	Lifestyle and breast cancer recurrences: the DIANA-5 trial		Tumori			98		1	1-18						Journal: Article		Lifestyle and breast cancer recurrences: the DIANA-5 trial								Pubmed 22495696						CN-00904432				AIMS AND BACKGROUND: The DIANA (Diet and Androgens)-5 study is a multi-institutional randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of a diet based on Mediterranean and macrobiotic recipes and principles, associated with moderate physical activity, in reducing additional breast cancer events in women with early stage invasive breast cancer at high risk of recurrence because of metabolic or endocrine milieu. The intervention is expected to reduce serum insulin and sex hormones, which were associated with breast prognosis in previous studies. METHODS: Between 2008 and 2010, the study randomly assigned 1208 patients to an intensive diet and exercise intervention or to a comparison group, to be followed-up through 2015. General lifestyle recommendations for the prevention of cancer are given to both groups, and the intervention group is being offered a comprehensive lifestyle intervention, including cooking classes, conferences, common meals and exercise sessions. Adherence assessments occurred at baseline and at 12 months and are planned at 36 and 60 months. They include food frequency diaries, anthropometric measures, body fat distribution assessed with impedance scale, one week registration of physical activity with a multisensor arm-band monitor, metabolic and endocrine blood parameters. Outcome breast cancer events are assessed through self report at semi annual meetings or telephone interview and are validated through medical record verification. RESULTS: The randomized groups were comparable for age (51.8 years), proportion of ER-negative tumors (22%), axillary node metastasis (42%), reproductive variables, tobacco smoking, blood pressure, anthropometric measurements and hormonal and metabolic parameters. CONCLUSIONS: DIANA-5 has the potential to establish whether a Mediterranean-macrobiotic lifestyle may reduce breast cancer recurrences. We will assess evidence of effectiveness, first by comparing the incidence of additional breast cancer events (local or distant recurrence, second ipsilateral or contralateral cancer) in the intervention and in the control group, by an intention-to-treat analysis, and second by analyzing the incidence of breast cancer events in the total study population by compliance assessment score.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/432/CN-00904432/frame.html										
M. M. Vissers, J. B. Bussmann, I. B. de Groot, J. A. Verhaar and M. Reijman	2011	Walking and chair rising performed in the daily life situation before and after total hip arthroplasty		Osteoarthritis & Cartilage			19		9	1102-7					Sep			Walking and chair rising performed in the daily life situation before and after total hip arthroplasty	Osteoarthritis Cartilage	1522-9653												21723401				OBJECTIVE: An earlier study showed that 6 months after total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients' overall daily activity level had not increased, despite significant improvement in their perceived physical functioning. This discrepancy might be because postoperative recovery is not expressed by a more overall active lifestyle, but by the fact that patients could perform the individual activities of daily living (ADL) faster and/or for a longer period of time. The aim of this study was to assess whether patients perform ADL faster and/or for a longer period of time 6 months post-THA compared to baseline. Also examined was whether patients perform activities on the level of healthy matched controls.
METHOD: Thirty patients were measured at home with an accelerometry-based Activity Monitor, pre-operatively and 6 months post-THA. Patients were matched with healthy controls on gender and age (+2 years).
RESULTS: Compared with baseline, 6 months post-THA the stride frequency and body motility during walking of patients had increased [56.1 (54.3, 57.8)strides/min vs 52.1 (50.3, 54.1)strides/min; P-value<0.0001, and 0.265 (0.245, 0.286)g vs 0.219 (0.197, 0.240)g; P-value<0.0001], and they rose faster from a chair [2.6 (2.5, 2.8)s vs 3.0 (2.8, 3.2)s; P-value<0.0001]. Compared with controls, preoperative all patients had lower values for these parameters. Six months post-THA the stride frequency and body motility during walking were similar to that of controls, but patients rose slower from a chair than controls.
CONCLUSION: Six months post-THA patients walked faster and rose from a chair faster compared to baseline. Patients walked as fast as healthy controls but took longer rising from a chair. Copyright 2011 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Vissers, M M
Bussmann, J B J
de Groot, I B
Verhaar, J A N
Reijman, M		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21723401http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21723401&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.joca.2011.06.004&issn=1063-4584&volume=19&issue=9&spage=1102&pages=1102-7&date=2011&title=Osteoarthritis+%26+Cartilage&atitle=Walking+and+chair+rising+performed+in+the+daily+life+situation+before+and+after+total+hip+arthroplasty.&aulast=Vissers&pid=%3Cauthor%3EVissers+MM%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21723401%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. m.m.vissers@erasmusmc.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. W. Vlaeyen, J. de Jong, M. Geilen, P. H. Heuts and G. van Breukelen	2002	The treatment of fear of movement/(re)injury in chronic low back pain: further evidence on the effectiveness of exposure in vivo		Clinical Journal of Pain			18		4	251-61					Jul-Aug	Clinical Trial
Comparative Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The treatment of fear of movement/(re)injury in chronic low back pain: further evidence on the effectiveness of exposure in vivo	Clin J Pain	0749-8047												12131067				BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Several cognitive-behavioral factors contribute to the persistence of pain disability in patients with chronic back pain. Fear-avoidance beliefs and fear of movement/(re)injury in particular have been shown to be strong predictors of physical performance and pain disability. Patients reporting substantial pain-related fear might benefit from exposure in vivo to a set of individually tailored, fear-eliciting, and hierarchically ordered physical movements rather than more general graded activity.
PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS: Six consecutive patients with chronic low back pain who reported substantial fear of movement/(re)injury were included in the study. After a no-treatment baseline measurement period, the patients were randomly assigned to one of two interventions. In the first intervention, patients received exposure in vivo first, followed by graded activity. In the second intervention, the sequence of treatment modules was reversed. Before each treatment module, treatment credibility was assessed. Daily measures of pain-related fear, pain catastrophizing, and pain intensity were completed using visual analog scales. In addition, standardized measures of pain disability, pain-related fear, and pain vigilance were taken before and after each treatment module and at the 1-year follow-up. To obtain more objective data on actual activity levels, an ambulatory activity monitor was carried by the patients during 1 week before and after each treatment module.
RESULTS: Time series analysis of the daily measures showed that improvements in pain-related fear and pain catastrophizing occurred only during the exposure in vivo and not during the graded activity, irrespective of the treatment order. Analysis of the pretreatment to post-treatment differences also revealed that decreases in pain-related fear also concurred with decreases in pain disability and pain vigilance and an increase in physical activity levels. All improvements remained at the 1-year follow-up.	Vlaeyen, Johan W S
de Jong, Jeroen
Geilen, Mario
Heuts, Peter H T G
van Breukelen, Gerard		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12131067http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:12131067&id=doi:&issn=0749-8047&volume=18&issue=4&spage=251&pages=251-61&date=2002&title=Clinical+Journal+of+Pain&atitle=The+treatment+of+fear+of+movement%2F%28re%29injury+in+chronic+low+back+pain%3A+further+evidence+on+the+effectiveness+of+exposure+in+vivo.&aulast=Vlaeyen&pid=%3Cauthor%3EVlaeyen+JW%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E12131067%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Medical, Clinical, and Experimental Psychology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands. j.vlaeyen@dep.unimaas.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. Vlaeyen, J. Jong, M. Geilen, P. Heuts and G. Breukelen	2002	The treatment of fear of movement/(re)injury in chronic low back pain: further evidence on the effectiveness of exposure in vivo		Clinical journal of pain			18		4	251-61						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The treatment of fear of movement/(re)injury in chronic low back pain: further evidence on the effectiveness of exposure in vivo								Pubmed 12131067						CN-00397717				BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Several cognitive-behavioral factors contribute to the persistence of pain disability in patients with chronic back pain. Fear-avoidance beliefs and fear of movement/(re)injury in particular have been shown to be strong predictors of physical performance and pain disability. Patients reporting substantial pain-related fear might benefit from exposure in vivo to a set of individually tailored, fear-eliciting, and hierarchically ordered physical movements rather than more general graded activity. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS: Six consecutive patients with chronic low back pain who reported substantial fear of movement/(re)injury were included in the study. After a no-treatment baseline measurement period, the patients were randomly assigned to one of two interventions. In the first intervention, patients received exposure in vivo first, followed by graded activity. In the second intervention, the sequence of treatment modules was reversed. Before each treatment module, treatment credibility was assessed. Daily measures of pain-related fear, pain catastrophizing, and pain intensity were completed using visual analog scales. In addition, standardized measures of pain disability, pain-related fear, and pain vigilance were taken before and after each treatment module and at the 1-year follow-up. To obtain more objective data on actual activity levels, an ambulatory activity monitor was carried by the patients during 1 week before and after each treatment module. RESULTS: Time series analysis of the daily measures showed that improvements in pain-related fear and pain catastrophizing occurred only during the exposure in vivo and not during the graded activity, irrespective of the treatment order. Analysis of the pretreatment to post-treatment differences also revealed that decreases in pain-related fear also concurred with decreases in pain disability and pain vigilance and an increase in physical activity levels. All improvements remained at the 1-year follow-up.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/717/CN-00397717/frame.html										
V. Voncken-Brewster, H. Tange, H. Vries, Z. Nagykaldi, B. Winkens and T. Weijden	2013	A randomised controlled trial testing a web-based, computer-tailored self-management intervention for people with or at risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a study protocol		BMC public health			13			557						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		A randomised controlled trial testing a web-based, computer-tailored self-management intervention for people with or at risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a study protocol								Pubmed 23742208						CN-00871536				BACKGROUND: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Effective self-management support interventions are needed to improve the health and functional status of people with COPD or at risk for COPD. Computer-tailored technology could be an effective way to provide this support. METHODS/DESIGN: This paper presents the protocol of a randomised controlled trial testing the effectiveness of a web-based, computer-tailored self-management intervention to change health behaviours of people with or at risk for COPD. An intervention group will be compared to a usual care control group, in which the intervention group will receive a web-based, computer-tailored self-management intervention. Participants will be recruited from an online panel and through general practices. Outcomes will be measured at baseline and at 6 months. The primary outcomes will be smoking behaviour, measuring the 7-day point prevalence abstinence and physical activity, measured in minutes. Secondary outcomes will include dyspnoea score, quality of life, stages of change, intention to change behaviour and alternative smoking behaviour measures, including current smoking behaviour, 24-hour point prevalence abstinence, prolonged abstinence, continued abstinence and number of quit attempts. DISCUSSION: To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first randomised controlled trial to test the effectiveness of a web-based, computer-tailored self-management intervention for people with or at risk for COPD. The results will be important to explore the possible benefits of computer-tailored interventions for the self-management of people with or at risk for COPD and potentially other chronic health conditions. DUTCH TRIAL REGISTER: NTR3421.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/536/CN-00871536/frame.html										
D. C. Vos-Vromans, I. P. Huijnen, A. J. Koke, H. A. Seelen, J. A. Knottnerus and R. J. Smeets	2013	Differences in physical functioning between relatively active and passive patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome		Journal of Psychosomatic Research			75		3	249-54					Sep	Multicenter Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Differences in physical functioning between relatively active and passive patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome	J Psychosom Res	1879-1360												23972414				OBJECTIVE: According to the Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) protocol for patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), therapists are advised to categorize patients in relatively active and passive patients. However, evidence to support the differences in physical functioning between these subgroups is limited. Using the baseline data from a multicentre randomized controlled trial (FatiGo), the differences in actual and perceived physical functioning between active and passive patients with CFS were evaluated.
METHODS: Sixty patients, who received CBT during the FatiGo trial were included. Based on the expert opinion and using the definitions of subgroups defined in the CBT protocols, the therapist categorized the patient. Data from an activity monitor was used to calculate actual physical functioning, physical activity, daily uptime, activity fluctuations and duration of rest during daily life. Perceived physical functioning was assessed by measuring physical activity, physical functioning and functional impairment with the Checklist Individual Strength, Short Form-36 and Sickness-Impact Profile 8.
RESULTS: Relatively active patients have a significantly higher daily uptime and show significantly less fluctuations in activities between days. Passive patients experience a significantly lower level of physical functioning and feel more functionally impaired in their mobility. However, no significant differences were found in the other actual or perceived physical functioning indices.
CONCLUSIONS: A clear difference in actual and perceived physical functioning between relatively active and passive patients with CFS as judged by their therapists could not be found. Future research is needed to form a consensus on how to categorize subgroups of patients with CFS. Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Vos-Vromans, Desiree C W M
Huijnen, Ivan P J
Koke, Albere J A
Seelen, Henk A M
Knottnerus, J Andre
Smeets, Rob J E M
S0022-3999(13)00191-8		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23972414http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23972414&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.jpsychores.2013.05.001&issn=0022-3999&volume=75&issue=3&spage=249&pages=249-54&date=2013&title=Journal+of+Psychosomatic+Research&atitle=Differences+in+physical+functioning+between+relatively+active+and+passive+patients+with+Chronic+Fatigue+Syndrome.&aulast=Vos-Vromans&pid=%3Cauthor%3EVos-Vromans+DC%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23972414%3C%2FAN%3E		Revant Rehabilitation Centre Breda, Brabantlaan 1, 4817 JW Breda, The Netherlands. d.vos@revant.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. Waggoner and R. LeLieuvre	1981	A method to increase compliance to exercise regimens in rheumatoid arthritis patients		Journal of behavioral medicine			4		2	191-201						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		A method to increase compliance to exercise regimens in rheumatoid arthritis patients								Pubmed 7321036						CN-00255814				A hand exerciser with an electronic counter and a visual display was used to measure compliance objectively, to investigate the effects of visual feedback on compliance, and to assess the impact of exercise on seven mild and five moderate rheumatoid arthritis patients. A multiple time-series design varying the onset of the visual display was utilized. Compliance was assessed weekly over the 7 weeks of the study. Pretest and posttest measures of various indicators of hand functioning were taken by an occupational therapist. Visual display of the number of exercises completed decreased the number of noncompliant patients from six to two, with the maximum degree of noncompliance reduced from 44 to 5%. Thus the use of visual display is effective in producing compliance to exercise regimens. In light of the small sample size, however, no definitive conclusions can be drawn regarding the effects of exercise on hand functioning.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/814/CN-00255814/frame.html										
A. A. Walf and C. A. Frye	2009	Effects of two estradiol regimens on anxiety and depressive behaviors and trophic effects in peripheral tissues in a rodent model		Gender Medicine			6		1	300-11					Apr	Comparative Study		Effects of two estradiol regimens on anxiety and depressive behaviors and trophic effects in peripheral tissues in a rodent model	Gend Med	1550-8579					NIHMS452831
PMC3616371							19467526				BACKGROUND: With aging and menopause, which are associated with decreases in ovarian steroids such as 17beta-estradiol (E(2)), women might experience negative psychological symptoms, including anxiety and depression. Some women use E(2)-based therapies to alleviate these symptoms, but E(2) has been associated with trophic effects that might increase vulnerability to some steroid-sensitive cancers, such as breast cancer, in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the relationships between the possible beneficial effects of E(2) on anxiety and depressive behaviors concurrent with trophic effects using an animal model of E(2) decline and replacement.
METHODS: Dose-dependent effects of E(2) on affective, sexual, and motor behavior of young adult rats were studied. Ovariectomized (OVX) rats were administered the chemical carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA) 1.25 mg or inactive vehicle (vegetable oil; control) by gavage. E(2) (0.03 or 0.09 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered subcutaneously 44 to 48 hours before assessments of anxiety (light-dark transition), depression (forced swim test), sexual (lordosis), and motor (activity monitor) behaviors. Fourteen weeks after carcinogen exposure, E(2) concentrations in plasma and brain regions (cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus) were determined. Incidences and numbers of tumors and uterine weight were analyzed.
RESULTS: Administration of E(2) (0.09 mg/kg) was associated with significant increases in antianxiety-like behavior in the light-dark transition task, antidepressant-like behavior in the forced swim test, and physiologic circulating and central E(2) concentrations compared with E(2) (0.03 mg/kg) and vehicle. Compared with vehicle, E(2) (0.9 > 0.3 mg/kg) was associated with significant increases in lordosis and uterine weight. Administration of DMBA was associated with significant increases in the incidences and numbers of tumors; this effect was augmented by E(2)administration.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings in this rat model, the hypothesis that E(2) may be effective in reducing anxiety and depressive behaviors and enhance sexual behavior in OVX rats, concurrent with trophic effects in the periphery, was supported. Moderate physiologic levels of E(2) might have beneficial effects on affective and sexual behaviors in female rodents, but regimens including E(2) might increase tumorigenic capacity.	Walf, Alicia A
Frye, Cheryl A
R01 MH067698 (United States NIMH NIH HHS)
R56 MH067698 (United States NIMH NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19467526http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19467526&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.genm.2009.04.004&issn=1550-8579&volume=6&issue=1&spage=300&pages=300-11&date=2009&title=Gender+Medicine&atitle=Effects+of+two+estradiol+regimens+on+anxiety+and+depressive+behaviors+and+trophic+effects+in+peripheral+tissues+in+a+rodent+model.&aulast=Walf&pid=%3Cauthor%3EWalf+AA%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19467526%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Psychology, The Centers for Neuroscience and Life Sciences Research, The University at Albany-State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

A. A. Walf and C. A. Frye	2010	Estradiol reduces anxiety- and depression-like behavior of aged female mice		Physiology & Behavior			99		2	169-74					Feb 9	Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Estradiol reduces anxiety- and depression-like behavior of aged female mice	Physiol Behav	1873-507X					NIHMS452821
PMC3618443							19804793				Beneficial effects of the ovarian steroid, 17beta-estradiol (E(2)), for affective behavior have been reported in young individuals, but less is known about the effects of E(2) among older individuals, and the capacity of older individuals to respond to E(2) following its decline. In the present study, the effects of acute E(2) administration to aged mice for anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors were investigated. Intact female C57BL/6 mice (N=18) that were approximately 24 months old were administered vehicle (sesame oil, n=9) or E(2) (10 microg, n=9) subcutaneously 1h prior to behavioral testing. Mice were tested for anxiety-like behavior (open field, elevated plus maze, mirror chamber, light-dark transition task, Vogel conflict task) and depression-like behavior (forced swim task). To assess the role of general motor behavior and coordination in these aged mice, performance in an activity monitor and rotarod task, and total entries made in tasks (open field, elevated plus maze, light-dark transition task) were determined. Mice administered E(2), compared to vehicle, demonstrated anti-anxiety behavior in the open field, mirror chamber, and light-dark transition task, and anti-depressive-like behavior in the forced swim task. E(2) also tended to have anti-anxiety effects in the elevated plus maze and Vogel task compared to vehicle administration, but these effects did not reach statistical significance. E(2) did not alter motor behavior and/or coordination in the activity monitor, open field, or rotarod tasks. Thus, an acute E(2) regimen produced specific anti-anxiety and anti-depressant effects, independent of effects on motor behavior, when administered to aged female C57BL/6 mice. 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Walf, Alicia A
Frye, Cheryl A
MH06769801 (United States NIMH NIH HHS)
R01 MH067698 (United States NIMH NIH HHS)
R56 MH067698 (United States NIMH NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=19804793http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19804793&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.physbeh.2009.09.017&issn=0031-9384&volume=99&issue=2&spage=169&pages=169-74&date=2010&title=Physiology+%26+Behavior&atitle=Estradiol+reduces+anxiety-+and+depression-like+behavior+of+aged+female+mice.&aulast=Walf&pid=%3Cauthor%3EWalf+AA%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19804793%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Psychology, The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

D. J. Walker, P. S. Heslop, C. J. Plummer, T. Essex and S. Chandler	1997	A continuous patient activity monitor: validation and relation to disability		Physiological Measurement			18		1	49-59					Feb			A continuous patient activity monitor: validation and relation to disability	Physiol Meas	0967-3334												9046536				The measurement of patient activity over prolonged periods has been attempted with accelerometer-based devices, but these summate total acceleration and deceleration over time periods, are difficult to relate to recognizable activities and are influenced by passive movement. We describe the development of a portable monitor of ambulation. This logs posture (sitting, standing and lying) and number and vigour of steps in real time over prolonged periods, usually 24 h. This is based on a system of position sensors and an accelerometer which is sampled when the subject is standing. Data are processed through an interface and stored on a Psion Series 3 'palm top' computer. The system has been validated against observation, and the relationship of activity to disability in rheumatoid arthritis explored.	Walker, D J
Heslop, P S
Plummer, C J
Essex, T
Chandler, S		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9046536http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:9046536&id=doi:&issn=0967-3334&volume=18&issue=1&spage=49&pages=49-59&date=1997&title=Physiological+Measurement&atitle=A+continuous+patient+activity+monitor%3A+validation+and+relation+to+disability.&aulast=Walker&pid=%3Cauthor%3EWalker+DJ%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E9046536%3C%2FAN%3E		Musculoskeletal Department, Freeman Hospital, High Heaton, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

D. J. Walker, P. Heslop and C. Chandler	1998	Ambulatory activity as an objective and quantifiable measure of nonsteroidal therapy		Journal of Rheumatology			25		4	768-70					Apr	Clinical Trial
Controlled Clinical Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Ambulatory activity as an objective and quantifiable measure of nonsteroidal therapy	J Rheumatol	0315-162X												9558183				OBJECTIVE: To quantify any increase in short term spontaneous ambulatory activity resulting from the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
METHODS: Double blind placebo controlled crossover study of 8 women with RA using conventional assessments and the Numact activity monitor.
RESULTS: Patients' ambulatory activity was 50% greater during NSAID treatment compared to placebo treatment. Effect size calculated at 0.62, suggesting good sensitivity to change. The increased activity occurred late morning.
CONCLUSION: Spontaneous ambulatory activity is an objective and relevant measure of disability.	Walker, D J
Heslop, P
Chandler, C		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9558183http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:9558183&id=doi:&issn=0315-162X&volume=25&issue=4&spage=768&pages=768-70&date=1998&title=Journal+of+Rheumatology&atitle=Ambulatory+activity+as+an+objective+and+quantifiable+measure+of+nonsteroidal+therapy.&aulast=Walker&pid=%3Cauthor%3EWalker+DJ%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E9558183%3C%2FAN%3E		Musculo-skeletal Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

B. Wallaert, E. Monge, O. Le Rouzic, L. Wemeau-Stervinou, J. Salleron and J. M. Grosbois	2013	Physical activity in daily life of patients with fibrotic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia		Chest			144		5	1652-8					Nov	Comparative Study		Physical activity in daily life of patients with fibrotic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia	Chest	1931-3543												23928896				BACKGROUND: The 6-min walk test (6MWT) is commonly used to assess exercise capacity in patients with fibrotic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (f-IIP). However, it is not known whether patients with f-IIP have reduced levels of physical activity in daily life (DLPA) or whether pulmonary function tests and the 6MWT correlate with their DLPA.
METHODS: The aim of this study was to measure DLPA in patients with f-IIP and to determine the relationships between DLPA and the 6MWT, pulmonary functional parameters, and anxiety and depression scores. Fifty patients with f-IIP and 25 sex- and age-matched healthy control subjects were enrolled. Markers of DLPA were assessed with a physical activity monitor for 4 consecutive days. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores were evaluated.
RESULTS: DLPA parameters were significantly reduced in patients with f-IIP compared with control subjects (all P < .001). The mean number of steps per day correlated strongly with diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (Dlco), FVC, the 6MWT distance, and the 6MWT lowest oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry (Spo2). DLPA was unrelated to HADS scores. Multivariate analysis showed that Dlco and 6MWT distance explained only 31% of the variance in the number of steps per day. Dlco, 6MWT distance, 6MWT lowest Spo2, and DLPA were significant predictors of mortality, but only Dlco and 6MWT distance were independent predictors.
CONCLUSIONS: Quantitation of DLPA is a novel patient-centered approach to assess function in f-IIP and may be a useful tool for clinical care and assessing response to therapy.	Wallaert, Benoit
Monge, Emmanuel
Le Rouzic, Olivier
Wemeau-Stervinou, Lidwine
Salleron, Julia
Grosbois, Jean-Marie		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23928896http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23928896&id=doi:10.1378%2Fchest.13-0806&issn=0012-3692&volume=144&issue=5&spage=1652&pages=1652-8&date=2013&title=Chest&atitle=Physical+activity+in+daily+life+of+patients+with+fibrotic+idiopathic+interstitial+pneumonia.&aulast=Wallaert&pid=%3Cauthor%3EWallaert+B%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23928896%3C%2FAN%3E								MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

N. Wallén, A. Andersson and P. Hjemdahl	1994	Effects of treatment with oral isosorbide dinitrate on platelet function in vivo; a double-blind placebo-controlled study in patients with stable angina pectoris		British journal of clinical pharmacology			38		1	63-70						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of treatment with oral isosorbide dinitrate on platelet function in vivo; a double-blind placebo-controlled study in patients with stable angina pectoris								Pubmed 7946939						CN-00105881				1. A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study was performed to investigate the effects of oral isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN; 20 mg twice daily for 2 weeks) on various aspects of platelet function in vivo in 20 patients with stable angina pectoris. Measurements were performed at rest and after platelet activation by physical exercise (bicycle ergometry). 2. Compared with placebo, treatment with ISDN significantly decreased systolic blood pressure at rest by 7 (-14 to -1) mm Hg (mean and 95% CI) and tended to increase exercise capacity by 7 (-1 to 14) W and attenuate perceived chest pain during maximal work. The dosage was high, as judged by side-effects reported (mainly headache). Compliance was good, as assessed by electronic counter equipped tablet bottles (Medication Event Monitoring System); only one patient had a compliance rate below 60%. 3. Exercise significantly increased platelet aggregability as measured by filtragometry ex vivo; the time taken for platelet aggregates in whole blood drawn directly from an antecubital vein to occlude a microfilter was significantly decreased from 155 to 95 s (antilog of mean log values). Platelet secretion in vivo also increased, as indicated by significant elevations of beta-thromboglobulin in plasma; from 22 to 35 ng ml-1 (P = 0.006). 4. ISDN treatment did not inhibit platelet function. Relative to placebo, filtragometry readings (ISDN/placebo ratios; mean and 95% CI) were not altered either at rest (1.05 (0.83 to 1.32)) or immediately after exercise (0.98 (0.80 to 1.20)). Similarly, beta TG in plasma was unaltered by ISDN treatment; 1.09 (0.98 to 1.21) at rest, and 1.04 (0.82 to 1.30) immediately after exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/881/CN-00105881/frame.html										
C. Wang, Y. Chia, J. Quek and W. Liu	2006	Patterns of physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and psychological determinants of physical activity among Singaporean school children		International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology			4		3	227-249					Sep	Empirical Study; Quantitative Study		Patterns of physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and psychological determinants of physical activity among Singaporean school children		1612-197X
1557-251X												2006-21014-003				The purpose of the research was to examine the prevalence and interrelationships between sedentary and physical activity behaviors, and psychological determinants of physical activity among Singaporean school children. A sample of 1,935 children aged 10 to 14 years, took part in the study. In Study 1 (N = 780), physical activity and sedentary behaviors were assessed using a seven-day physical activity recall method. Three distinct clusters were found for each sex using cluster analysis. Thirty six percent of the boys spent much of their sedentary time in technology-based entertainment (e.g., computer/internet), and 38% of them reported substantial amount of time spent studying and doing homework. The rest of the boys spent their time being physically active but they were also substantially engaged in playing video games. Among the girls, time spent socializing with friends, studying, and engaging in physical activity amounted to 57.3%. Fifteen percent of the girls reported spending much of their time studying and doing homework. A group of girls (27.8%) reported little study time, little socialization, and low engagement in physical activity compared to their peers. In Study 2 (N = 1,155), three clusters were found using sport ability beliefs, perceived autonomy, and perceived competence as clustering variables. The amount of physical activity that the children took part in was influenced by their perceptions of competence, sport ability, and autonomy. The findings of the research showed that physical activity and sedentary behaviors were not inversely related. In addition, the studies confirmed that certain psychological determinants were important for examining the physical activity behaviors of Singaporean school children. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).	Special Issue: Sport psychology in the school environment: An international perspective		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=psyc5&AN=2006-21014-003http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:PsycINFO+<2006+to+2008>&genre=article&id=pmid:&id=doi:&issn=1612-197X&volume=4&issue=3&spage=227&pages=227-249&date=2006&title=International+Journal+of+Sport+and+Exercise+Psychology&atitle=Patterns+of+physical+activity,+sedentary+behaviors,+and+psychological+determinants+of+physical+activity+among+Singaporean+school+children.&aulast=Wang&pid=<author>Wang,+C.+K.+John</author>&<AN>2006-21014-003</AN>		K. John
H. Michael
J
C
Wang, C. K. John: ckjwang@nie.edu.sg
Wang, C. K. John: Physical Education and Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Blk 5 #03-20, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, ckjwang@nie.edu.sg
Wang, C. K. John: National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Chia, Y. H. Michael: National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Quek, J. J.: National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Liu, W. C.: National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore								English

M. Wang, S. Lemon, G. Welch and M. Rosal	2014	Development and validation of the Lifestyle Self-Efficacy Scale for Latinos with Diabetes (LSESLD)		Ethnicity & disease			23		4	428-35						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Validation Studies		Development and validation of the Lifestyle Self-Efficacy Scale for Latinos with Diabetes (LSESLD)								Pubmed 24392604						CN-00983332				OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate a self-efficacy measure of diabetes self-management, the Lifestyle Self-Efficacy Scale for Latinos with Diabetes (LSESLD), designed for low-income, Spanish-speaking Latinos with diabetes. DESIGN: Quantitative and qualitative methods. SETTING: Community health centers in central and western Massachusetts. PARTICIPANTS: Low-income Latinos (N = 252) enrolled in a randomized diabetes self-management intervention trial. MEASURES: Construct validity, internal consistency, sensitivity to change over time. RESULTS: The LSESLD demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .85), reasonable construct validity (moderate, significant associations between the LSESLD and validated measures of diabetes knowledge, dietary intake, physical activity, blood glucose self-monitoring, and HbA1c values), and sensitivity to intervention-related changes over time. CONCLUSION: The LSESLD is a reliable and valid research instrument assessing self-efficacy related to diabetes self-management among low-income, Spanish-speaking populations.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/332/CN-00983332/frame.html										
T. Wang, X. Wang, H. Wang, X. He, J. Su, Y. Zhu and Y. Dong	2007	Effects of ULEM apparatus on motor function of patients with stroke. m		Brain injury			21		11	1203-8						Randomized Controlled Trial		Effects of ULEM apparatus on motor function of patients with stroke. m								Pubmed 17891560						CN-00627891				OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of upper limbs' encircling motion (ULEM) apparatus on motor function of patients with stroke. STUDY DESIGN: This study adopted a single-blind, prospective, randomized control design. From July 2003 to September 2005, 44 inpatients suffering from stroke in Jiangsu Province Hospital were enrolled in this study. All the subjects were randomized into two groups. INTERVENTIONS: Group A received ULEM therapy and conventional physical therapy (PT) aand group B received PT only. Blood pressure, pulse, Brunnstrom stage and Barthel Index were tested before and after 20 days' treatment. RESULTS: In group A, according to Brunnstrom stage, the effective rates of hand, upper extremities and lower extremities were 20.0%, 80.0% and 100.0%, respectively, and the total effective rate improved significantly compared to that of group B (p < 0.05), especially lower extremities (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in Barthel Indexes between two groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: ULEM apparatus can significantly improve integrative motor function of extremities of patients with stroke. It is a safe and effective treatment.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/891/CN-00627891/frame.html										
V. Wang, M. Ahmed, A. Ciofani, Z. Sasson, J. Granton and S. Mak	2012	The effect of endogenous estrogen on Doppler-estimated right ventricular systolic pressure during exercise		Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology			90		10	1364-71						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The effect of endogenous estrogen on Doppler-estimated right ventricular systolic pressure during exercise								Pubmed 22966864						CN-00967760				We evaluated the effect of endogenous estrogen levels on exercise-related changes in right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) of healthy, eumenorrheic, sedentary women. Volunteers were studied at two separates phases of the menstrual cycle (LO and HI estrogen phases), exercised on a semi-supine ergometer with escalating workload and monitored continuously by 12-lead ECG and automated blood pressure cuff. At each exercise stage, Doppler echocardiography measurements were obtained and analyzed to determine RVSP. Fourteen subjects (age 24 ± 5) were studied. Exercise duration was significantly higher on the HI estrogen day, but no significant differences in hemodynamic response to exercise were found between the two study days. There were also no significant differences with respect to heart rate (HR) acceleration during early exercise, as well as resting and peak RVSP, HR, blood pressure, and rate pressure product. Doppler-estimated RVSP demonstrated a linear relationship to HR at a ratio of 1 mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 133.3224 Pa) for every 5 bpm (beats per minute) increase in HR. There were no differences in the slope of this relationship between HI and LO estrogen phases of the menstrual cycle. Our findings did not demonstrate any effect of endogenous estrogen levels on the modulation of the pulmonary vascular response to exercise in healthy women.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/760/CN-00967760/frame.html										
Y. Wang, M. Boehmke, Y. Wu, S. Dickerson and N. Fisher	2011	Effects of a 6-week walking program on Taiwanese women newly diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer		Cancer nursing			34		2	E1-13						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of a 6-week walking program on Taiwanese women newly diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer								Pubmed 20697267						CN-00787777				BACKGROUND: In Western culture, evidence has shown that in women with breast cancer exercise decreases fatigue and improves quality of life. However, only 1 pilot study about the effect of exercise has been examined in the Asian breast cancer population that indicated feasibility. Therefore, it is important to further study the effect of an exercise program for Taiwanese women with breast cancer. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the effects of a walking program on Taiwanese women newly diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer. METHODS: This was an experimental, longitudinal study with 4-time repeated measures based on Bandura's Self-efficacy Theory, with the aim of implementing interventions to boost exercise self-efficacy and to evaluate research outcomes. SPSS 17.0 with descriptive statistics using frequency, percentage, mean, and SD as well as inferential statistics such as t test, ? test, hierarchical linear model, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and analysis of covariance was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Results of this study indicated that subjects in the exercise group had significantly better quality of life, less fatigue, less sleep disturbances, higher exercise self-efficacy, more exercise behavior, and better exercise capacity compared with those in the usual-care group after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: This program was effective and feasible, but more research studies with experimental, longitudinal design to verify the effects of this exercise program on Taiwanese women with breast cancer will be needed. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Nurses, depending on skill and knowledge, can encourage physical activity, refer patients to rehabilitation programs, and prescribe and monitor exercise in breast cancer population.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/777/CN-00787777/frame.html										
S. Wangberg	2008	An Internet-based diabetes self-care intervention tailored to self-efficacy		Health education research			23		1	170-9						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		An Internet-based diabetes self-care intervention tailored to self-efficacy								Pubmed 17412717						CN-00627155				The main objective of this study was to assess whether self-efficacy (SE) could function as a moderator of the effect of a tailored Internet-based intervention aimed at increasing self-reported diabetes self-care behaviours. In a two-group, 1-month interval pre-test-post-test randomized controlled trial, participants (N = 64) were assigned at random to either a group that received an intervention on the area of self-care (blood glucose monitoring, diet management or physical activity) for which the reported SE was lowest (LSE group) or to a group that received an intervention on area of self-care for which the reported SE was highest (HSE group). Improvements in self-care were observed for both groups, but the HSE group improved more. Self-care also increased for those areas that the intervention did not target. Furthermore, SE levels decreased from baseline to follow-up. This study suggests that SE can function as a moderator in a behavioural intervention for diabetes self-care, and hence that initial level of SE provides relevant information for tailoring such interventions.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/155/CN-00627155/frame.html										
M. Wanner, E. Martin-Diener, G. Bauer, C. Braun-Fahrländer and B. Martin	2010	Comparison of trial participants and open access users of a web-based physical activity intervention regarding adherence, attrition, and repeated participation		Journal of medical Internet research			12		1	e3						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Comparison of trial participants and open access users of a web-based physical activity intervention regarding adherence, attrition, and repeated participation								Pubmed 20147006						CN-00729755				BACKGROUND: Web-based interventions are popular for promoting healthy lifestyles such as physical activity. However, little is known about user characteristics, adherence, attrition, and predictors of repeated participation on open access physical activity websites. OBJECTIVE: The focus of this study was Active-online, a Web-based individually tailored physical activity intervention. The aims were (1) to assess and compare user characteristics and adherence to the website (a) in the open access context over time from 2003 to 2009, and (b) between trial participants and open access users; and (2) to analyze attrition and predictors of repeated use among participants in a randomized controlled trial compared with registered open access users. METHODS: Data routinely recorded in the Active-online user database were used. Adherence was defined as: the number of pages viewed, the proportion of visits during which a tailored module was begun, the proportion of visits during which tailored feedback was received, and the time spent in the tailored modules. Adherence was analyzed according to six one-year periods (2003-2009) and according to the context (trial or open access) based on first visits and longest visits. Attrition and predictors of repeated participation were compared between trial participants and open access users. RESULTS: The number of recorded visits per year on Active-online decreased from 42,626 in 2003-2004 to 8343 in 2008-2009 (each of six one-year time periods ran from April 23 to April 22 of the following year). The mean age of users was between 38.4 and 43.1 years in all time periods and both contexts. The proportion of women increased from 49.5% in 2003-2004 to 61.3% in 2008-2009 (P< .001). There were differences but no consistent time trends in adherence to Active-online. The mean age of trial participants was 43.1 years, and 74.9% were women. Comparing contexts, adherence was highest for registered open access users. For open access users, adherence was similar during the first and the longest visits; for trial participants, adherence was lower during the first visits and higher during the longest visits. Of registered open access users and trial participants, 25.8% and 67.3% respectively visited Active-online repeatedly (P< .001). Predictors of repeated use were male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04-1.38) and increasing age category in registered open access users, and age 46-60 versus < 30 years (OR = 3.04, 95% CI = 1.25-7.38) and Swiss nationality (OR(nonSwiss)= 0.64, 95% CI = 0.41-1.00) in trial participants. Despite reminder emails, attrition was much higher in registered open access users compared with trial participants, with a median lifetime website usage of 0 days in open access users and 290 days in trial participants. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence, patterns of use, attrition, and repeated participation differed between trial participants and open access users. Reminder emails to encourage repeated participation were effective for trial participants but not for registered open access users. These issues are important when interpreting results of randomized controlled effectiveness trials.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/755/CN-00729755/frame.html										
M. Wanner, E. Martin-Diener, C. Braun-Fahrländer, G. Bauer and B. Martin	2009	Effectiveness of active-online, an individually tailored physical activity intervention, in a real-life setting: randomized controlled trial		Journal of medical Internet research			11		3	e23						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effectiveness of active-online, an individually tailored physical activity intervention, in a real-life setting: randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 19666456						CN-00721046				BACKGROUND: Effective interventions are needed to reduce the chronic disease epidemic. The Internet has the potential to provide large populations with individual advice at relatively low cost. OBJECTIVE: The focus of the study was the Web-based tailored physical activity intervention Active-online. The main research questions were (1) How effective is Active-online, compared to a nontailored website, in increasing self-reported and objectively measured physical activity levels in the general population when delivered in a real-life setting? (2) Do respondents recruited for the randomized study differ from spontaneous users of Active-online, and how does effectiveness differ between these groups? (3) What is the impact of frequency and duration of use of Active-online on changes in physical activity behavior? METHODS: Volunteers recruited via different media channels completed a Web-based baseline survey and were randomized to Active-online (intervention group) or a nontailored website (control group). In addition, spontaneous users were recruited directly from the Active-online website. In a subgroup of participants, physical activity was measured objectively using accelerometers. Follow-up assessments took place 6 weeks (FU1), 6 months (FU2), and 13 months (FU3) after baseline. RESULTS: A total of 1531 respondents completed the baseline questionnaire (intervention group n = 681, control group n = 688, spontaneous users n = 162); 133 individuals had valid accelerometer data at baseline. Mean age of the total sample was 43.7 years, and 1146 (74.9%) were women. Mixed linear models (adjusted for sex, age, BMI category, and stage of change) showed a significant increase in self-reported mean minutes spent in moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity from baseline to FU1 (coefficient = 0.14, P = .001) and to FU3 (coefficient = 0.19, P < .001) in all participants with no significant differences between groups. A significant increase in the proportion of individuals meeting the HEPA recommendations (self-reported) was observed in all participants between baseline and FU3 (OR = 1.47, P = .03), with a higher increase in spontaneous users compared to the randomized groups (interaction between FU3 and spontaneous users, OR = 2.95, P = .02). There were no increases in physical activity over time in any group for objectively measured physical activity. A significant relation was found between time spent on the tailored intervention and changes in self-reported physical activity between baseline and FU3 (coefficient = 1.13, P = .03, intervention group and spontaneous users combined). However, this association was no longer significant when adjusting for stage of change. CONCLUSIONS: In a real-life setting, Active-online was not more effective than a nontailored website in increasing physical activity levels in volunteers from the general population. Further research may investigate ways of integrating Web-based physical activity interventions in a wider context, for example, primary care or workplace health promotion.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/046/CN-00721046/frame.html										
N. Ward, D. White, H. Rowe, K. Stiller and T. Sullivan	2013	Physical activity levels of patients with cystic fibrosis hospitalised with an acute respiratory exacerbation		Respiratory Medicine			107		7	1014-20					Jul	Observational Study		Physical activity levels of patients with cystic fibrosis hospitalised with an acute respiratory exacerbation	Respir Med	1532-3064												23601566				BACKGROUND: The physical activity levels of adult patients with cystic fibrosis hospitalised for an acute respiratory exacerbation is unknown.
METHODS: A prospective observational study was undertaken. Physical activity levels were measured for a 24-h period using an activity monitor (SenseWear() Pro 3) during hospitalisation for an acute respiratory exacerbation and one month post-discharge. Measures of exercise tolerance and muscle strength were also recorded.
RESULTS: Twenty-four patients completed the study. Most outcomes significantly increased from hospitalisation to one month post-discharge. Time spent doing physical activity (>3 METs) increased from a mean + SD of 95 + 58 to 209 + 111 min.
CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalisation for an acute respiratory exacerbation was associated with less time spent performing physical activity compared to one month post-discharge. Physical activity levels were higher than anticipated, even during hospitalisation, suggesting an increased metabolic rate may have contributed to the physical activity levels documented. Activity level definitions for moderate intensity exercise that are based on higher MET levels seemed more appropriate in this patient setting.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Number: ACTRN12610000595011. Crown Copyright 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Ward, Nathan
White, Dianne
Rowe, Hilary
Stiller, Kathy
Sullivan, Thomas
S0954-6111(13)00070-X		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23601566http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23601566&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.rmed.2013.03.002&issn=0954-6111&volume=107&issue=7&spage=1014&pages=1014-20&date=2013&title=Respiratory+Medicine&atitle=Physical+activity+levels+of+patients+with+cystic+fibrosis+hospitalised+with+an+acute+respiratory+exacerbation.&aulast=Ward&pid=%3Cauthor%3EWard+N%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23601566%3C%2FAN%3E		Physiotherapy Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia. nathan.ward@health.sa.gov.au						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. A. Warms, B. L. Belza and J. D. Whitney	2007	Correlates of physical activity in adults with mobility limitations		Family & Community Health			30		2 Suppl	S5-16					Apr-Jun	Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Correlates of physical activity in adults with mobility limitations	Fam Community Health	0160-6379												17413817				This study identified the correlates of objectively and subjectively measured physical activity in adult wheelchair users. Fifty participants wore an activity monitor for a week and completed a questionnaire about factors associated with physical activity. Objectively measured activity correlated significantly with body mass index. Subjectively measured activity correlated significantly with age, stage of change, health, healthcare providers discussing exercise, and social support for exercise. Research on the effect of body mass index on activity in this population is needed. Intervention planners should plan programs that place emphasis on modifying the social environment (including healthcare providers) and removing attitudinal barriers.	Warms, Catherine A
Belza, Basia L
Whitney, JoAnne D
5 P20 NR008351-04 (United States NINR NIH HHS)
NR008360-04 (United States NINR NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=17413817http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:17413817&id=doi:&issn=0160-6379&volume=30&issue=2&spage=S5&pages=S5-16&date=2007&title=Family+%26+Community+Health&atitle=Correlates+of+physical+activity+in+adults+with+mobility+limitations.&aulast=Warms&pid=%3Cauthor%3EWarms+CA%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E17413817%3C%2FAN%3E		University of Washington, School of Nursing, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. cwarms@u.washington.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. A. Warms, J. D. Whitney and B. Belza	2008	Measurement and description of physical activity in adult manual wheelchair users		Disability & Health Journal			1		4	236-44					Oct	Comparative Study
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Measurement and description of physical activity in adult manual wheelchair users	Disabil Health J	1936-6574					NIHMS77128
PMC3475493							21122734				BACKGROUND: The purposes of this study were to (1) describe physical activity of adult manual wheelchair users as measured by wrist actigraphy and two self-report measures, (2) compare exercisers and nonexercisers on measures of physical activity, and (3) examine the relationships between three activity measures.
METHODS: Fifty manual wheelchair users wore an activity monitor and completed a physical activity record for 7 days. At the completion of this period, a questionnaire that included the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities, stage of exercise question, and demographic and health questions was completed.
RESULTS: Mean daily hours spent in bed or asleep was 9.1, mean hours of light intensity activity was 12.5, mean hours of moderate intensity activity was 1.3, and mean hours of strenuous activity was 0.33. Thirty-eight percent did not report any strenuous activity, and 56% reported less than the 150 minutes weekly of moderate or strenuous activity required to meet public health guidelines. There was variability in both self-reported and objectively measured physical activity. Regular exercisers were not significantly different from nonexercisers on objective measures of physical activity. Measured physical movement was weakly correlated with recall of physical activity or exercise.
CONCLUSION: Many wheelchair users do not meet public health guidelines for physical activity, but they are not a homogeneous group in intensity and frequency of physical activity. Multiple measurement methods can provide insights into the nature, intensity, and duration of physical activity that is more complex due to variations in abilities and ways of moving.	Warms, Catherine A
Whitney, Joanne D
Belza, Basia
5 P20 NR008351-04 (United States NINR NIH HHS)
NR008360-04 (United States NINR NIH HHS)
P20 NR008351 (United States NINR NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=21122734http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21122734&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.dhjo.2008.07.002&issn=1936-6574&volume=1&issue=4&spage=236&pages=236-44&date=2008&title=Disability+%26+Health+Journal&atitle=Measurement+and+description+of+physical+activity+in+adult+manual+wheelchair+users.&aulast=Warms&pid=%3Cauthor%3EWarms+CA%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21122734%3C%2FAN%3E		Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, University of Washington, School of Nursing, Seattle, WA 98195-6157, USA. cwarms@u.washington.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

C. A. Warms, B. L. Belza and J. D. Whitney	2007	Correlates of physical activity in adults with mobility limitations		Family & Community Health: The Journal of Health Promotion & Maintenance			30		2,Suppl	S5-S16					Apr-Jun	Empirical Study; Quantitative Study		Correlates of physical activity in adults with mobility limitations		0160-6379
1550-5057												2007-05074-003				This study identified the correlates of objectively and subjectively measured physical activity in adult wheelchair users. Fifty participants wore an activity monitor for a week and completed a questionnaire about factors associated with physical activity. Objectively measured activity correlated significantly with body mass index. Subjectively measured activity correlated significantly with age, stage of change, health, healthcare providers discussing exercise, and social support for exercise. Research on the effect of body mass index on activity in this population is needed. Intervention planners should plan programs that place emphasis on modifying the social environment (including healthcare providers) and removing attitudinal barriers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).			http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=psyc5&AN=2007-05074-003http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:PsycINFO+<2006+to+2008>&genre=article&id=pmid:&id=doi:&issn=0160-6379&volume=30&issue=2,Suppl&spage=S5&pages=S5-S16&date=2007&title=Family+&+Community+Health:+The+Journal+of+Health+Promotion+&+Maintenance&atitle=Correlates+of+physical+activity+in+adults+with+mobility+limitations.&aulast=Warms&pid=<author>Warms,+Catherine+A</author>&<AN>2007-05074-003</AN>		Warms, Catherine A.: cwarms@u.Washington.edu
Warms, Catherine A.: University of Washington, School of Nursing, Box 357266, Seattle, WA, US, 98195, cwarms@u.Washington.edu
Warms, Catherine A.: University of Washington, School of Nursing, Seattle, WA, US Belza, Basia L.: University of Washington, School of Nursing, Seattle, WA, US Whitney, JoAnne D.: University of Washington, School of Nursing, Seattle, WA, US								English

B. Waschki, M. A. Spruit, H. Watz, P. S. Albert, D. Shrikrishna, M. Groenen, C. Smith, W. D. Man, R. Tal-Singer, L. D. Edwards, P. M. Calverley, H. Magnussen, M. I. Polkey and E. F. Wouters	2012	Physical activity monitoring in COPD: compliance and associations with clinical characteristics in a multicenter study		Respiratory Medicine			106		4	522-30					Apr	Multicenter Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Physical activity monitoring in COPD: compliance and associations with clinical characteristics in a multicenter study	Respir Med	1532-3064												22118987				BACKGROUND: Little is known about COPD patients' compliance with physical activity monitoring and how activity relates to disease characteristics in a multi-center setting.
METHODS: In a prospective study at three Northern European sites physical activity and clinical disease characteristics were measured in 134 COPD patients (GOLD-stage II-IV; BODE index 0-9) and 46 controls. Wearing time, steps per day, and the physical activity level (PAL) were measured by a multisensory armband over a period of 6 consecutive days (in total, 144 h). A valid measurement period was defined as >22 h wearing time a day on at least 5 days.
RESULTS: The median wearing time was 142 h:17 min (99%), 141 h:1 min (98%), and 142 h:24 min (99%), respectively in the three centres. A valid measurement period was reached in 94%, 97%, and 94% of the patients and did not differ across sites (P = 0.53). The amount of physical activity did not differ across sites (mean steps per day, 4725 + 3212, P = 0.58; mean PAL, 1.45 + 0.20, P = 0.48). Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed significant associations of FEV1, 6-min walk distance, quadriceps strength, fibrinogen, health status, and dyspnoea with both steps per day and PAL. Previously unrecognized correlates of activity were grade of fatigue, degree of emphysema, and exacerbation rate.
CONCLUSIONS: The excellent compliance with wearing a physical activity monitor irrespective of study site and consistent associations with relevant disease characteristics support the use of activity monitoring as a valid outcome in multi-center studies. Copyright A 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Waschki, Benjamin
Spruit, Martijn A
Watz, Henrik
Albert, Paul S
Shrikrishna, Dinesh
Groenen, Miriam
Smith, Cayley
Man, William D-C
Tal-Singer, Ruth
Edwards, Lisa D
Calverley, Peter M A
Magnussen, Helgo
Polkey, Michael I
Wouters, Emiel F M		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22118987http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22118987&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.rmed.2011.10.022&issn=0954-6111&volume=106&issue=4&spage=522&pages=522-30&date=2012&title=Respiratory+Medicine&atitle=Physical+activity+monitoring+in+COPD%3A+compliance+and+associations+with+clinical+characteristics+in+a+multicenter+study.&aulast=Waschki&pid=%3Cauthor%3EWaschki+B%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22118987%3C%2FAN%3E		Pulmonary Research Institute at Hospital Grosshansdorf, Center for Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery, Woehrendamm 80, D-22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany. b.waschki@pulmoresearch.de						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

B. Waschki, M. Spruit, H. Watz, P. Albert, D. Shrikrishna, M. Groenen, C. Smith, W.-C. Man, R. Tal-Singer, L. Edwards, P. Calverley, H. Magnussen, M. Polkey and E. Wouters	2012	Physical activity monitoring in COPD: Compliance and associations with clinical characteristics in a multicenter study		Respiratory medicine			106		4	522-30						Journal: Article		Physical activity monitoring in COPD: Compliance and associations with clinical characteristics in a multicenter study														CN-00901050				Background: Little is known about COPD patients' compliance with physical activity monitoring and how activity relates to disease characteristics in a multi-center setting. Methods: In a prospective study at three Northern European sites physical activity and clinical disease characteristics were measured in 134 COPD patients (GOLD-stage II-IV; BODE index 0-9) and 46 controls. Wearing time, steps per day, and the physical activity level (PAL) were measured by a multisensory armband over a period of 6 consecutive days (in total, 144h). A valid measurement period was defined as >22 h wearing time a day on at least 5 days. Results: The median wearing time was 142 h:17 min (99%), 141 h:1min (98%), and 142 h:24 min (99%), respectively in the three centres. A valid measurement period was reached in 94%, 97%, and 94% of the patients and did not differ across sites (P = 0.53). The amount of physical activity did not differ across sites (mean steps per day, 4725 + 3212, P = 0.58; mean PAL, 1.45 + 0.20, P = 0.48). Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed significant associations of FEV<sub>1</sub>, 6-min walk distance, quadriceps strength, fibrinogen, health status, and dyspnoea with both steps per day and PAL. Previously unrecognized correlates of activity were grade of fatigue, degree of emphysema, and exacerbation rate. Conclusions: The excellent compliance with wearing a physical activity monitor irrespective of study site and consistent associations with relevant disease characteristics support the use of activity monitoring as a valid outcome in multi-center studies. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/050/CN-00901050/frame.html										
R. A. Washburn, T. C. Cook and R. E. LaPorte	1989	The objective assessment of physical activity in an occupationally active group		Journal of Sports Medicine & Physical Fitness			29		3	279-84					Sep	Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		The objective assessment of physical activity in an occupationally active group	J Sports Med Phys Fitness	0022-4707												2635261				Thirty-five male United States postal carriers, mean age (+/-SD) 46.1 +/- 11.4 years, mean distance walked on the job 5.3 +/- 3.3 miles day-1, participated in this study to determine the efficacy of two movement sensors for the assessment of daily physical activity. Subjects wore both a Large Scale Integrated Activity Monitor (LSI) and a Caltrac portable accelerometer on a belt for 3 days (2 work days, 1 non-work day) for 2 separate trials separated by a 3 month interval. Both monitors indicated similar mean levels of physical activity over the 2 work days with a significant decrease on the non-work day. Test-retest reliability within one trial over the 2 work days (LSI, r = 0.64; Caltrac, r = 0.58) and and between 2 trials (LSI, r = 0.58, Caltrac, r = 0.57), were similar for both monitors. The mean values for the LSI and Caltrac over the 2 trials were highly related (r = 0.75). Analysis of variance indicated a high percentage of the total variance in physical activity was accounted for by interindividual differences for both monitors (LSI = 77.4%, Caltrac = 77.7%). These results suggest that both the LSI and the Caltrac provide a reliable index of physical activity and can detect inter-individual differences in activity level in occupationally active individuals.	Washburn, R A
Cook, T C
LaPorte, R E
HL 07094-01 (United States NHLBI NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=2635261http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1988+to+1995%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:2635261&id=doi:&issn=0022-4707&volume=29&issue=3&spage=279&pages=279-84&date=1989&title=Journal+of+Sports+Medicine+%26+Physical+Fitness&atitle=The+objective+assessment+of+physical+activity+in+an+occupationally+active+group.&aulast=Washburn&pid=%3Cauthor%3EWashburn+RA%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E2635261%3C%2FAN%3E								MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. Waterhouse, S. Walters, Y. Oluboyede and R. Lawson	2010	A randomised 2 x 2 trial of community versus hospital pulmonary rehabilitation, followed by telephone or conventional follow-up		Health technology assessment (Winchester, England)			14		6	i-v, vii-xi, 1-140						Randomized Controlled Trial		A randomised 2 x 2 trial of community versus hospital pulmonary rehabilitation, followed by telephone or conventional follow-up								Pubmed 20146902						CN-00741895				OBJECTIVES: To determine whether pulmonary rehabilitation carried out in a community setting is more effective than that carried out in a standard hospital setting and which is more cost-effective; also whether telephone follow-up is both cost-effective and useful in prolonging the beneficial effects of a pulmonary rehabilitation programme. DESIGN: A randomised trial. Participants were randomised in 2 x 2 factorial fashion to hospital or community rehabilitation and telephone or standard follow-up with review. SETTING: Hospitals or community sites in Sheffield. The community venues were selected to be close to public transport routes and have good parking and level access. The two hospital venues were the physiotherapy gym and a staff gym within the grounds of the hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnosed by respiratory physicians according to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease guidelines. INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomised to one of four groups: hospital rehabilitation with no telephone follow-up; hospital rehabilitation with telephone follow-up; community rehabilitation with no telephone follow-up; or community rehabilitation with telephone follow-up. All were blinded to the telephone intervention arm until 1 month post rehabilitation, when only the assessment team and research participants were unblinded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was the difference in improvement in endurance shuttle walking test (ESWT) between hospital and community pulmonary rehabilitation groups post rehabilitation, and the difference in ESWT during 18 months' follow-up between those receiving telephone encouragement and those receiving standard care. A secondary measure was health-related quality of life. RESULTS: A total of 240 participants had evaluable data. Of these, 129 were randomised to hospital rehabilitation (64 with telephone follow-up and 65 with no telephone follow-up) and 111 to community rehabilitation (55 with telephone follow-up and 56 with no telephone follow-up). For the primary outcome measure, there were 162 patients with data for analysis: hospital rehabilitation with no telephone follow-up (n = 38); hospital rehabilitation with telephone follow-up (n = 48); community rehabilitation with no telephone follow-up (n = 43); and community rehabilitation with telephone follow-up (n = 33). For the acute phase post-rehabilitation outcomes, before patients had the opportunity for telephone follow-up, we compared outcomes between the 76 patients in the community rehabilitation group and the 86 patients in the hospital rehabilitation group. Patients in the hospital rehabilitation group increased the distance they could walk at the post-rehabilitation follow-up by 283 m (SD 360 m), an increase relative to baseline of 109% (SD 137%). Patients in the community rehabilitation group increased the distance they could walk at the post-rehabilitation follow-up by 216 m (SD 340 m), an increase relative to baseline of 91% (SD 133%). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups [17.8% (95% CI -24.3 to 59.9, p = 0.405)]. For longer term outcomes at 6, 12 and 18 months post rehabilitation there was no evidence of a rehabilitation group effect. After allowing for the initial post-rehabilitation baseline distance walked, time (follow-up visit) and the factorial design (telephone follow-up group), the average difference in the post-rehabilitation follow-up distance walked on the ESWT between the hospital and community rehabilitation groups was 1.5 m (95% CI -82.1 to 97.2, p = 0.971), and between the telephone and no-telephone groups it was 56.9 m (95% CI -25.2 to 139, p = 0.174). There was no difference between hospital or community groups in terms of acute effect or persistence of effect. Health economic analysis favoured neither hospital nor community settings, nor did it clearly favour telephone follow-up or routine care. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary rehabilitation delivered in a community setting has similar efficacy to that produ ed in a more traditional hospital-based setting, both settings producing significant improvements in terms of exercise capacity and quality of life acutely and after long-term follow-up. Health economic analysis showed that neither hospital nor community programmes were greatly favoured. The choice of model will depend on local factors of convenience, existing availability of resources and incremental costs. Staff characteristics may be important in gaining optimal outcome, and care should be taken in staff recruitment and training. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN86821773.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/895/CN-00741895/frame.html										
A. Watson, T. Bickmore, A. Cange, A. Kulshreshtha and J. Kvedar	2012	An internet-based virtual coach to promote physical activity adherence in overweight adults: randomized controlled trial		Journal of medical Internet research			14		1	e1						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		An internet-based virtual coach to promote physical activity adherence in overweight adults: randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 22281837						CN-00814440				BACKGROUND: Addressing the obesity epidemic requires the development of effective, scalable interventions. Pedometers and Web-based programs are beneficial in increasing activity levels but might be enhanced by the addition of nonhuman coaching. OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that a virtual coach would increase activity levels, via step count, in overweight or obese individuals beyond the effect observed using a pedometer and website alone. METHODS: We recruited 70 participants with a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 35 kg/m(2) from the Boston metropolitan area. Participants were assigned to one of two study arms and asked to wear a pedometer and access a website to view step counts. Intervention participants also met with a virtual coach, an automated, animated computer agent that ran on their home computers, set goals, and provided personalized feedback. Data were collected and analyzed in 2008. The primary outcome measure was change in activity level (percentage change in step count) over the 12-week study, split into four 3-week time periods. Major secondary outcomes were change in BMI and participants' satisfaction. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 42 years; the majority of participants were female (59/70, 84%), white (53/70, 76%), and college educated (68/70, 97%). Of the initial 70 participants, 62 completed the study. Step counts were maintained in intervention participants but declined in controls. The percentage change in step count between those in the intervention and control arms, from the start to the end, did not reach the threshold for significance (2.9% vs -12.8% respectively, P = .07). However, repeated measures analysis showed a significant difference when comparing percentage changes in step counts between control and intervention participants over all time points (analysis of variance, P = .02). There were no significant changes in secondary outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS: The virtual coach was beneficial in maintaining activity level. The long-term benefits and additional applications of this technology warrant further study. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00792207; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00792207 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/63sm9mXUD).			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/440/CN-00814440/frame.html										
R. Weerasooriya, M. Davis, A. Powell, T. Szili-Torok, C. Shah, D. Whalley, L. Kanagaratnam, W. Heddle, J. Leitch, A. Perks, L. Ferguson and M. Bulsara	2003	The Australian Intervention Randomized Control of Rate in Atrial Fibrillation Trial (AIRCRAFT)		Journal of the American College of Cardiology			41		10	1697-702						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The Australian Intervention Randomized Control of Rate in Atrial Fibrillation Trial (AIRCRAFT)								Pubmed 12767649						CN-00437759				OBJECTIVES: The Australian Intervention Randomized Control of Rate in Atrial Fibrillation Trial was a multicenter trial of atrioventricular junction ablation and pacing (AVJAP) compared with pharmacologic ventricular rate control (medication [MED]) in patients with mild to moderately symptomatic permanent atrial fibrillation (AF). BACKGROUND: There have been very few prospective randomized trials, undertaken in highly symptomatic patients, comparing AVJAP with pharmacologic methods of ventricular rate control for patients with permanent AF. METHODS: There were 99 patients (70 men, mean age 68 +/- 8.6 years) at five centers. Forty-nine patients were randomized to AVJAP while 50 patients were randomized to pharmacologic control. The primary end point was cardiac function measured by echocardiography and exercise tolerance. The secondary end points were ventricular rate control, evaluated by 24-h ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring, and quality of life. Data were collected at randomization and then at one month, six months, and 12 months post-randomization. RESULTS: At 12 months follow-up there was no significant difference in left ventricular ejection fraction (AVJAP: 54 +/- 17%; MED: 61 +/- 13% [p = ns]) or exercise duration on treadmill testing (AVJAP: 4.1 +/- 2 min; MED: 4.6 +/- 2 min [p = ns]); however, the peak ventricular rate was lower in the AVJAP group during exercise (112 +/- 17 beats/min vs. 153 +/- 36 beats/min, p < 0.05) and activities of daily life (117 +/- 16 beats/min vs. 152 +/- 37 beats/min, p < 0.05). The CAST quality-of-life questionnaire revealed that patients in the AVJAP group had fewer symptoms at six months (p = 0.003) and at 12 months (p = 0.004). The observed relative risk reduction in symptoms at 12 months was 18%. Global subjective semiquantitative measurement of quality of life using the "ladder of life" revealed that the AVJAP group reported a 6% better quality of life at six months (p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: In this trial, AVJAP for patients with mild to moderately symptomatic permanent AF did not worsen cardiac function during long-term follow-up, and quality of life was improved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/759/CN-00437759/frame.html										
D. Weiner, C. Moore, N. Morone, E. Lee and K. C. Kent	2013	Efficacy of periosteal stimulation for chronic pain associated with advanced knee osteoarthritis: A randomized, controlled clinical trial		Clinical therapeutics			35		11	1703-1720.e5						Journal: Article		Efficacy of periosteal stimulation for chronic pain associated with advanced knee osteoarthritis: A randomized, controlled clinical trial														CN-00915164				Background Because of morbidity associated with painful knee osteoarthritis (OA) and commonly prescribed analgesics, patients often pursue complementary and alternative modalities (eg, acupuncture). Clinical trials have demonstrated modest therapeutic efficacy of traditional Chinese acupuncture for knee OA pain, and patients with advanced disease have largely been excluded. We have previously demonstrated preliminary short-term tolerability and efficacy of periosteal stimulation therapy (PST) (ie, electrical stimulation of the periosteum facilitated by acupuncture needles) for older adults with advanced knee OA. Objective This study evaluated the sustained efficacy of PST and boosters for treating chronic pain with advanced knee OA. Methods One hundred ninety participants age >50 years with Kellgren-Lawrence grade 3 or 4 knee OA and chronic pain were randomized to (1) PST (once a week for 10 weeks) followed by PST boosters for 6 months (once every 2 weeks 2 times, then once a month), (2) control PST (ie, periosteal needles and brief electrical stimulation of control points) once a week for 10 weeks, or (3) PST for 10 weeks followed by control PST boosters for 6 months. Change in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain score immediately after the 10-week intervention and at 6-month follow-up (9 months after baseline) was the primary outcome. OMERACT-OARSI (Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials-Osteoarthritis Research Society International) criteria also were evaluated. Secondary measures of outcome included (1) physical performance (Short Physical Performance Battery, gait speed, Timed Up and Go, and timed stair climb); (2) psychological factors (depressive symptoms measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale, coping measured with the catastrophizing subscale of the Coping Strategies Questionnaire, and self-efficacy measured with the Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale); (3) health-related quality of life measured with the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey; (4) rescue pain medication use tracked with diaries; and (5) health care utilization and interim physical activity were monitored via monthly telephone calls. Results After adjustment for pain at baseline, the PST and control booster did not differ from controls at 10 weeks (difference, 1.3; 95% CI, -0.10 to 2.8; P = 0.0683) or 9 months (difference, 1.1; 95% CI, -0.32 to 2.6; P = 0.13). The PST and PST booster group had similar improvement compared with controls at 10 weeks (baseline adjusted difference, 1.1; 95% CI, -0.34 to 2.5; P = 0.1369) but significantly more improvement at 9 months (baseline adjusted difference, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.069 to 3.0; P = 0.0401). Baseline depressive symptoms, low self-efficacy, higher difficulty performing daily activities, and greater knee stiffness predicted a lower likelihood of response. Conclusion PST plus PST boosters in patients age >50 with advanced knee OA were well-tolerated and modestly reduced pain. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00865046. 2013 The Authors.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/164/CN-00915164/frame.html										
S. Weingarten, C. Kim, E. Stone, R. Kristopaitis, M. Pelter and M. Sandhu	2000	Can peer-comparison feedback improve patient functional status?		American journal of managed care			6		1	35-9						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Can peer-comparison feedback improve patient functional status?								Pubmed 11009745						CN-00343369				OBJECTIVE: To determine whether providing physicians with peer-comparison feedback can improve patient functional status. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, controlled, comparative study. METHODS: Forty-eight primary care physicians at Kaiser Permanente Woodland Hills, a group-model health maintenance organization in southern California, were randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group. All physicians were informed that their elderly patients (randomly selected patients aged 65 to 75) would be monitored. Physicians in the intervention group received aggregated peer-comparison feedback data (physician "report cards") on the functional status of their elderly patients. Physicians in the control group received only general information that their patients' functional status would be monitored. The effect of the intervention on patients' functional status was determined by comparing responses to surveys completed by the patients at baseline and after the intervention. RESULTS: Patients in both the control and intervention groups had a statistically significant decrease in functional status, including decreases in their ability to complete daily activities and increases in pain. In addition, patients in the control group reported a significant decrease in social activities, physical fitness, and feelings. In the intervention group, patients also experienced a significant decrease in social support. CONCLUSIONS: Educational interventions, including peer-comparison feedback, did not result in improvements in patient functional status. Research is desperately needed to identify interventions that can lead to improved health for elderly patients.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/369/CN-00343369/frame.html										
A. Weinstein, P. Deuster and W. Kop	2007	Heart rate variability as a predictor of negative mood symptoms induced by exercise withdrawal		Medicine and science in sports and exercise			39		4	735-41						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Heart rate variability as a predictor of negative mood symptoms induced by exercise withdrawal								Pubmed 17414813						CN-00587807				INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE: Negative mood symptoms occur frequently in sedentary populations, but individual vulnerability factors for developing these complaints have not been systematically evaluated. This investigation examined whether the autonomic nervous system (ANS) serves a role in the development of negative mood after controlled exercise withdrawal. METHODS: Forty participants (mean age of 31.3 +/- 7.5 yr, 55% women) who exercised regularly (>or= 30 min of continuous aerobic exercise at least three times a week during the past 6 months) were randomized either to withdrawal from regular aerobic exercise (N=20) or to continue regular aerobic exercise (N=20) for 2 wk. Measurements were taken before exercise withdrawal and at 2-wk follow-up. Various dimensions of negative mood were measured with the multidimensional fatigue inventory, profile of mood states, and Beck depression inventory-II. ANS activity was assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) analyses, examining low-frequency (0.04-0.15 Hz: lf) and high-frequency (hf) domains (0.15-0.40 Hz). The lf/hf ratio was used as index of sympathovagal balance. Protocol adherence was documented by ambulatory activity monitoring. RESULTS: Exercise withdrawal resulted in significantly higher negative mood scores at follow-up compared with control (P<0.05). Baseline lf/hf ratios correlated with the increases in symptoms (r>0.4; P<0.05) in the exercise-withdrawal group independently of gender, age, weight, baseline fitness level, and baseline symptom status. The exercise-withdrawal and control groups displayed no significant change in hf HRV, lf HRV, or lf/hf HRV during the 2 wk. CONCLUSION: Reduced parasympathetic ANS activity as measured by HRV is predictive of the development of negative mood after deprivation of usual exercise activities. No significant changes in HRV were observed during the 2-wk exercise deprivation period. These findings are relevant to the understanding of mood changes in response to short-term exercise withdrawal, such as sports injuries and recovery from medical procedures.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/807/CN-00587807/frame.html										
W. A. Welch, D. R. Bassett, D. L. Thompson, P. S. Freedson, J. W. Staudenmayer, D. John, J. A. Steeves, S. A. Conger, T. Ceaser, C. A. Howe, J. E. Sasaki and E. C. Fitzhugh	2013	Classification accuracy of the wrist-worn gravity estimator of normal everyday activity accelerometer		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			45		10	2012-9					Oct	Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Classification accuracy of the wrist-worn gravity estimator of normal everyday activity accelerometer	Med Sci Sports Exerc	1530-0315					NIHMS478864 [Available on 10/01/14]
PMC3778030 [Available on 10/01/14]							23584403				PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the published left-wrist cut points for the triaxial Gravity Estimator of Normal Everyday Activity (GENEA) accelerometer are accurate for predicting intensity categories during structured activity bouts.
METHODS: A convenience sample of 130 adults wore a GENEA accelerometer on their left wrist while performing 14 different lifestyle activities. During each activity, oxygen consumption was continuously measured using the Oxycon mobile. Statistical analysis used Spearman's rank correlations to determine the relationship between measured and estimated intensity classifications. Cross tabulations were constructed to show the under- or overestimation of misclassified intensities. One-way chi2 tests were used to determine whether the intensity classification accuracy for each activity differed from 80%.
RESULTS: For all activities, the GENEA accelerometer-based physical activity monitor explained 41.1% of the variance in energy expenditure. The intensity classification accuracy was 69.8% for sedentary activities, 44.9% for light activities, 46.2% for moderate activities, and 77.7% for vigorous activities. The GENEA correctly classified intensity for 52.9% of observations when all activities were examined; this increased to 61.5% with stationary cycling removed.
CONCLUSIONS: A wrist-worn triaxial accelerometer has modest-intensity classification accuracy across a broad range of activities when using the cut points of Esliger et al. Although the sensitivity and the specificity are less than those reported by Esliger et al., they are generally in the same range as those reported for waist-worn, uniaxial accelerometer cut points.	Welch, Whitney A
Bassett, David R
Thompson, Dixie L
Freedson, Patty S
Staudenmayer, John W
John, Dinesh
Steeves, Jeremy A
Conger, Scott A
Ceaser, Tyrone
Howe, Cheryl A
Sasaki, Jeffer E
Fitzhugh, Eugene C
R01 CA121005 (United States NCI NIH HHS)
R01-1795-014 (United States PHS HHS)
U01 CA130783 (United States NCI NIH HHS)
U01-CA120783 (United States NCI NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23584403http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23584403&id=doi:10.1249%2FMSS.0b013e3182965249&issn=0195-9131&volume=45&issue=10&spage=2012&pages=2012-9&date=2013&title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&atitle=Classification+accuracy+of+the+wrist-worn+gravity+estimator+of+normal+everyday+activity+accelerometer.&aulast=Welch&pid=%3Cauthor%3EWelch+WA%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23584403%3C%2FAN%3E		1Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN
2Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
and 3Department of Mathematics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

G. Wells, D. Wilkes, J. Schneiderman-Walker, M. Elmi, E. Tullis, L. Lands, F. Ratjen and A. Coates	2008	Reliability and validity of the habitual activity estimation scale (HAES) in patients with cystic fibrosis		Pediatric pulmonology			43		4	345-53						Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Reliability and validity of the habitual activity estimation scale (HAES) in patients with cystic fibrosis								Pubmed 18306334						CN-00638056				PURPOSE: To understand potential benefits of exercise in the cystic fibrosis (CF) population, there needs to be accurate methods to quantify it. The Habitual Activity Estimation Scale (HAES) questionnaire has been shown to be a feasible tool to measure physical activity however the reliability and validity have yet to be determined in the CF population. METHODS: Fourteen (seven male, seven female) patients aged 16.2 +/- 4.2 years with CF participated in this study. Participants were clinically stable at the time of the study and participating in their habitual physical activity. To assess reliability, patients completed the HAES and a validated 3-day activity diary, and wore an ActiGraph Accelerometer for two consecutive weeks. Validity was assessed by comparing the activity results of each of the three instruments over a single week time period. RESULTS: ICC estimates of reliability for the HAES, diary, and accelerometer were 0.72 (P < 0.0001), 0.76 (P < 0.0001), 0.63 (P < 0.0001), respectively. Validity analysis indicated that there were significant relationships between the participants' activity results as estimated by the HAES, diary and accelerometer. Further, significant relationships were detected between activity measures when broken into morning, afternoon, or evening periods, and between measures from weekday or weekend days. There were also significant relationships among the three instruments when recording different activity levels (somewhat inactive, somewhat active, and very active). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that the HAES questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used to assess activities of varying intensity in patients with CF.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/056/CN-00638056/frame.html										
L. Wely, J. Becher, A. Balemans and A. Dallmeijer	2012	Ambulatory activity of children with cerebral palsy: which characteristics are important?		Developmental medicine and child neurology			54		5	436-42						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Ambulatory activity of children with cerebral palsy: which characteristics are important?								Pubmed 22414202						CN-00970245				AIM: To assess ambulatory activity of children with cerebral palsy (CP), aged 7 to 13 years, and identify associated characteristics. METHOD: ? Sixty-two children with spastic CP (39 males, 23 females; mean age 10y 1mo, SD 1y 8mo; age range 7-13y), classified as Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I to III, participated. Ambulatory activity was measured during 1 week with a StepWatch activity monitor as steps per day, and time spent at medium and high step rates. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed following a backward selection procedure until only independent variables with p<0.05 remained in the model. Ambulatory activity outcome parameters served as dependent variables, and disease, personal, and environmental characteristics as independent variables. Ambulatory activity was corrected for body height. RESULTS: Children took more steps during school days (5169 steps, SD 1641) than during weekend days (4158 steps, SD 2048; p<0.001). Higher GMFCS level, bilateral CP, and higher age were associated with lower ambulatory activity on school days (R(2) ranged from 43-53%), whereas bilateral CP, higher age, and no sport club participation were associated with lower ambulatory activity in the weekend (R(2) ranged from 21-42%). Correcting for body height decreased the association with age. INTERPRETATION: Interventions should focus at increasing physical activity at the weekend for children with bilateral spastic CP.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/245/CN-00970245/frame.html										
L. Wely, J. Becher, H. Reinders-Messelink, E. Lindeman, O. Verschuren, J. Verheijden and A. Dallmeijer	2010	LEARN 2 MOVE 7-12 years: a randomized controlled trial on the effects of a physical activity stimulation program in children with cerebral palsy		BMC pediatrics			10			77						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		LEARN 2 MOVE 7-12 years: a randomized controlled trial on the effects of a physical activity stimulation program in children with cerebral palsy								Pubmed 21044314						CN-00772152				BACKGROUND: Regular participation in physical activities is important for all children to stay fit and healthy. Children with cerebral palsy have reduced levels of physical activity, compared to typically developing children. The aim of the LEARN 2 MOVE 7-12 study is to improve physical activity by means of a physical activity stimulation program, consisting of a lifestyle intervention and a fitness training program. METHODS/DESIGN: This study will be a 6-month single-blinded randomized controlled trial with a 6-month follow up. Fifty children with spastic cerebral palsy, aged 7 to 12 years, with Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I-III, will be recruited in pediatric physiotherapy practices and special schools for children with disabilities. The children will be randomly assigned to either the intervention group or control group. The children in the control group will continue with their regular pediatric physiotherapy, and the children in the intervention group will participate in a 6-month physical activity stimulation program. The physical activity stimulation program consists of a 6-month lifestyle intervention, in combination with a 4-month fitness training program. The lifestyle intervention includes counseling the child and the parents to adopt an active lifestyle through Motivational Interviewing, and home-based physiotherapy to practise mobility-related activities in the daily situation. Data will be collected just before the start of the intervention (T0), after the 4-month fitness training program (T4), after the 6-month lifestyle intervention (T6), and after six months of follow-up (T12). Primary outcomes are physical activity, measured with the StepWatch Activity Monitor and with self-reports. Secondary outcomes are fitness, capacity of mobility, social participation and health-related quality of life. A random coefficient analysis will be performed to determine differences in treatment effect between the control group and the intervention group, with primary outcomes and secondary outcomes as the dependent variables. DISCUSSION: This is the first study that investigates the effect of a combined lifestyle intervention and fitness training on physical activity. Temporary effects of the fitness training are expected to be maintained by changes to an active lifestyle in daily life and in the home situation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered in the Dutch Trial Register as NTR2099.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/152/CN-00772152/frame.html										
G. C. Wendel-Vos, A. J. Schuit, W. H. Saris and D. Kromhout	2003	Reproducibility and relative validity of the short questionnaire to assess health-enhancing physical activity		Journal of Clinical Epidemiology			56		12	1163-9					Dec	Validation Studies		Reproducibility and relative validity of the short questionnaire to assess health-enhancing physical activity	J Clin Epidemiol	0895-4356												14680666				BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to determine reproducibility and relative validity of the Short QUestionnaire to ASsess Health-enhancing physical activity (SQUASH).
METHODS: Participants (36 men and 14 women, aged 27-58) were asked to complete the SQUASH twice with an inbetween period of approximately 5 weeks. In addition, participants wore the Computer Science and Applications (CSA) Activity Monitor for a 2-week period following the first questionnaire.
RESULTS: The Spearman correlation for overall reproducibility of the SQUASH was 0.58 (95%-CI 0.36-0.74). Correlations for the reproducibility of the separate questions varied between 0.44 and 0.96. Spearman's correlation coefficient between CSA readings and the total activity score was 0.45 (95%-CI 0.17-0.66).
CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the SQUASH is a fairly reliable and reasonably valid questionnaire and may be used to order subjects according to their level of physical activity in an adult population. Because the SQUASH is a short and simple questionnaire, it may proof to be a very useful tool for the evaluation of health enhancing physical activity in large populations.	Wendel-Vos, G C Wanda
Schuit, A Jantine
Saris, Wim H M
Kromhout, Daan		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=14680666http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:14680666&id=doi:&issn=0895-4356&volume=56&issue=12&spage=1163&pages=1163-9&date=2003&title=Journal+of+Clinical+Epidemiology&atitle=Reproducibility+and+relative+validity+of+the+short+questionnaire+to+assess+health-enhancing+physical+activity.&aulast=Wendel-Vos&pid=%3Cauthor%3EWendel-Vos+GC%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E14680666%3C%2FAN%3E		Department for Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. Wanda.Vos@rivm.nl						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

D. M. Wendland and S. H. Sprigle	2012	Activity monitor accuracy in persons using canes		Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development			49		8	1261-8						Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Activity monitor accuracy in persons using canes	J Rehabil Res Dev	1938-1352												23341318				The StepWatch activity monitor has not been validated on multiple indoor and outdoor surfaces in a population using ambulation aids. The aims of this technical report are to report on strategies to configure the StepWatch activity monitor on subjects using a cane and to report the accuracy of both leg-mounted and cane-mounted StepWatch devices on people ambulating over different surfaces while using a cane. Sixteen subjects aged 67 to 85 yr (mean 75.6) who regularly use a cane for ambulation participated. StepWatch calibration was performed by adjusting sensitivity and cadence. Following calibration optimization, accuracy was tested on both the leg-mounted and cane-mounted devices on different surfaces, including linoleum, sidewalk, grass, ramp, and stairs. The leg-mounted device had an accuracy of 93.4% across all surfaces, while the cane-mounted device had an aggregate accuracy of 84.7% across all surfaces. Accuracy of the StepWatch on the stairs was significantly less accurate (p < 0.001) when comparing surfaces using repeated measures analysis of variance. When monitoring community mobility, placement of a StepWatch on a person and his/her ambulation aid can accurately document both activity and device use.	Wendland, Deborah Michael
Sprigle, Stephen H
T32HD055180 (United States NICHD NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23341318http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23341318&id=doi:&issn=0748-7711&volume=49&issue=8&spage=1261&pages=1261-8&date=2012&title=Journal+of+Rehabilitation+Research+%26+Development&atitle=Activity+monitor+accuracy+in+persons+using+canes.&aulast=Wendland&pid=%3Cauthor%3EWendland+DM%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23341318%3C%2FAN%3E		School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA. wendland_dm@mercer.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

D. M. Wendland and S. H. Sprigle	2012	Activity monitor accuracy in persons using canes		Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development			49		8	1261-1268								Activity monitor accuracy in persons using canes		0748-7711												2012015539. Language: English. Entry Date: 20130308. Revision Date: 20130621. Publication Type: journal article				The StepWatch activity monitor has not been validated on multiple indoor and outdoor surfaces in a population using ambulation aids. The aims of this technical report are to report on strategies to configure the StepWatch activity monitor on subjects using a cane and to report the accuracy of both leg-mounted and cane-mounted StepWatch devices on people ambulating over different surfaces while using a cane. Sixteen subjects aged 67 to 85 yr (mean 75.6) who regularly use a cane for ambulation participated. StepWatch calibration was performed by adjusting sensitivity and cadence. Following calibration optimization, accuracy was tested on both the leg-mounted and cane-mounted devices on different surfaces, including linoleum, sidewalk, grass, ramp, and stairs. The leg-mounted device had an accuracy of 93.4% across all surfaces, while the cane-mounted device had an aggregate accuracy of 84.7% across all surfaces. Accuracy of the StepWatch on the stairs was significantly less accurate (p < 0.001) when comparing surfaces using repeated measures analysis of variance. When monitoring community mobility, placement of a Step-Watch on a person and his/her ambulation aid can accurately document both activity and device use.	research; tables/charts. PDF: Activity monitor accuracy in persons using canes [1p]. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Blind Peer Reviewed; Online/Print; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Gerontologic Care; Occupational Therapy; Physical Therapy. Grant Information: This material was based on work supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant T32HD055180). No. of Refs: 30 ref. NLM UID: 8410047.
PMID: 23341318		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2012015539&site=ehost-live		School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA						rzh	EBSCOhost	
P. Wermeling, M. Donk, K. Gorter, d. W. G. Ardine, Y. Graaf and G. Rutten	2010	Towards a more efficient diabetes control in primary care: six-monthly monitoring compared with three-monthly monitoring in type 2 diabetes - The EFFIMODI trial. Design of a randomised controlled patient-preference equivalence trial in primary care		BMC family practice			11			35						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Towards a more efficient diabetes control in primary care: six-monthly monitoring compared with three-monthly monitoring in type 2 diabetes - The EFFIMODI trial. Design of a randomised controlled patient-preference equivalence trial in primary care								Pubmed 20459820						CN-00813445				BACKGROUND: Scientific evidence for the frequency of monitoring of type 2 diabetes patients is lacking. If three-monthly control in general practice could be reduced to six-monthly control in some patients, this would on the one hand reduce the use of medical services including involvement of practice nurses, and thus reduce costs, and on the other hand alleviate the burden of people with type 2 diabetes. The goal of this study is to make primary diabetes care as efficient as possible for patients and health care providers. Therefore, we want to determine whether six-monthly monitoring of well-controlled type 2 diabetes patients in primary care leads to equivalent cardiometabolic control compared to the generally recommended three-monthly monitoring. METHODS AND DESIGN: The study is a randomised controlled patient-preference equivalence trial. Participants are asked if they prefer three-monthly (usual care) or six-monthly diabetes monitoring. If they do not have a preference, they are randomised to a three-monthly or six-monthly monitoring group. Patients are eligible for the study if they are between 40 and 80 years old, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes more than one year ago, treated by a general practitioner, not on insulin treatment, and with HbA1c < or = 7.5%, systolic blood pressure < or = 145 mmHg and total cholesterol < or = 5.2 mmol/l. The intervention group (six-monthly monitoring) will receive the same treatment with the same treatment targets as the control group (three-monthly monitoring). The intervention period will last one and a half year. After the intervention, the three-monthly and six-monthly monitoring groups are compared on equivalence of cardiometabolic control. Secondary outcome measures are HbA1c, blood pressure, cholesterol level, Body Mass Index, smoking behaviour, physical activity, loss of work due to illness, health status, diabetes-specific distress, satisfaction with treatment and adherence to medications. We will use intention-to-treat analysis with repeated measures. For outcomes that have only baseline and final measurements, we will use ANCOVA. Depending on the results, a cost-minimisation analysis or an incremental cost-effectiveness analysis will be done. DISCUSSION: This study will provide valuable information on the most efficient control frequency of well-controlled type 2 diabetes patients in primary care.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/445/CN-00813445/frame.html										
S. West, C. Lagua, P. Trief, R. Izquierdo and R. Weinstock	2010	Goal setting using telemedicine in rural underserved older adults with diabetes: experiences from the informatics for diabetes education and telemedicine project		Telemedicine journal and e-health			16		4	405-16						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.		Goal setting using telemedicine in rural underserved older adults with diabetes: experiences from the informatics for diabetes education and telemedicine project								Pubmed 20507198						CN-00771732				OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of telemedicine for setting goals for behavior change and examine the success in achieving these goals in rural underserved older adults with diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes living in rural upstate New York who were enrolled in the telemedicine intervention of the Informatics for Diabetes Education and Telemedicine (IDEATel) project (n = 610) participated in home televisits with nurse and dietitian educators every 4-6 weeks for 2-6 years. Behavior change goals related to nutrition, physical activity, monitoring, diabetes health maintenance, and/or use of the home telemedicine unit were established at the conclusion of each televisit and assessed at the next visit. RESULTS: Collaborative goal setting was employed during 18,355 televisits (mean of 33 goal-setting televisits/participant). The most common goals were related to monitoring, followed by diabetes health maintenance, nutrition, exercise, and use of the telemedicine equipment. Overall, 68% of behavioral goals were rated as "improved" or "met." The greatest success was achieved for goals related to proper insulin injection technique and daily foot care. These elderly participants had the most difficulty achieving goals related to use of the computer. No gender differences in goal achievement were observed. CONCLUSION: Televisits can be successfully used to collaboratively establish behavior change goals to help improve diabetes self-management in underserved elderly rural adults.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/732/CN-00771732/frame.html										
D. K. White, C. Tudor-Locke, D. T. Felson, K. D. Gross, J. Niu, M. Nevitt, C. E. Lewis, J. Torner and T. Neogi	2013	Do radiographic disease and pain account for why people with or at high risk of knee osteoarthritis do not meet physical activity guidelines?		Arthritis & Rheumatism			65		1	139-47					Jan	Multicenter Study
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Do radiographic disease and pain account for why people with or at high risk of knee osteoarthritis do not meet physical activity guidelines?	Arthritis Rheum	1529-0131					NIHMS417933
PMC3535507							23124774				OBJECTIVE: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) and pain are assumed to be barriers to meeting physical activity guidelines, but this has not been formally evaluated. The purpose of this study was to determine the proportions of people with and those without knee OA and knee pain who meet recommended physical activity levels through walking.
METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of community-dwelling adults from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study who had or who were at high risk of knee OA. Participants wore a StepWatch activity monitor to record steps per day for 7 days. The proportion of participants who met the recommended physical activity levels was defined as those accumulating>150 minutes per week at >100 steps per minute in bouts lasting >10 minutes. These proportions were also determined for those with and those without knee OA, as classified by radiography and by severity of knee pain.
RESULTS: Of the 1,788 study participants (mean+SD age 67.2+7.7 years, mean+SD body mass index 30.7+6.0 kg/m2, 60% women), lower overall percentages of participants with radiographic knee OA and knee pain met recommended physical activity levels. However, these differences were not statistically significant between those with and those without knee OA; 7.3% and 10.1% of men (P=0.34) and 6.3% and 7.8% of women (P=0.51), respectively, met recommended physical activity levels. Similarly, for those with moderate/severe knee pain and those with no knee pain, 12.9% and 10.9% of men (P=0.74) and 6.7% and 11.0% of women (P=0.40), respectively, met recommended physical activity levels.
CONCLUSION: Disease and pain have little impact on achieving recommended physical activity levels among people with or at high risk of knee OA. Copyright 2013 by the American College of Rheumatology.	White, Daniel K
Tudor-Locke, Catrine
Felson, David T
Gross, K Douglas
Niu, Jingbo
Nevitt, Michael
Lewis, Cora E
Torner, James
Neogi, Tuhina
AG-18820 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
AG-18832 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
AG-18947 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
AG-19069 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
AR-007598 (United States NIAMS NIH HHS)
AR-47885 (United States NIAMS NIH HHS)
K23 AR055127 (United States NIAMS NIH HHS)
K23-AR-055127 (United States NIAMS NIH HHS)
P30-AG-031679 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
U01 AG018820 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
U01 AG018832 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
U01 AG018947 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
U01 AG019069 (United States NIA NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medc&AN=23124774http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+Corrections&genre=article&id=pmid:23124774&id=doi:10.1002%2Fart.37748&issn=0004-3591&volume=65&issue=1&spage=139&pages=139-47&date=2013&title=Arthritis+%26+Rheumatism&atitle=Do+radiographic+disease+and+pain+account+for+why+people+with+or+at+high+risk+of+knee+osteoarthritis+do+not+meet+physical+activity+guidelines%3F.&aulast=White&pid=%3Cauthor%3EWhite+DK%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23124774%3C%2FAN%3E		Boston University, Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, and Massachusetts General Hospital Institute of Health Professions, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. dwtbn@bu.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

D. K. White, C. Tudor-Locke, D. T. Felson, K. D. Gross, J. Niu, M. Nevitt, C. E. Lewis, J. Torner and T. Neogi	2013	Walking to meet physical activity guidelines in knee osteoarthritis: is 10,000 steps enough?		Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation			94		4	711-7					Apr	Multicenter Study
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Walking to meet physical activity guidelines in knee osteoarthritis: is 10,000 steps enough?	Arch Phys Med Rehabil	1532-821X					NIHMS439253
PMC3608824							23228625				OBJECTIVE: To study if step goals (eg, walking 10,000 steps a day) approximate meeting the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational cohort.
SETTING: Community.
PARTICIPANTS: People with or at high risk of knee OA (N=1788).
INTERVENTIONS: None.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Objective physical activity data were collected over 7 consecutive days from people with or at high risk of knee OA participating in the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study. Using activity monitor data, we determined the proportion that (1) walked >10,000 steps per day, (2) met the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines, and (3) achieved both recommendations.
RESULTS: Of the subjects studied (mean age + SD, 67+8y; mean body mass index + SD, 31+6kg/m(2); 60% women), 16.7% of men and 12.6% of women walked >10,000 steps per day, while 6% of men and 5% of women met the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. Of those walking >10,000 steps per day, 16.7% and 26.7% of men and women, respectively, also met the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines.
CONCLUSIONS: Among this sample of older adults with or at high risk of knee OA, walking >10,000 steps a day did not translate into meeting public health guidelines. These findings highlight the disparity between the number of steps believed to be needed per day and the recommended time-intensity guidelines to achieve positive health benefits. Copyright 2013 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	White, Daniel K
Tudor-Locke, Catrine
Felson, David T
Gross, K Doug
Niu, Jingbo
Nevitt, Michael
Lewis, Cora E
Torner, James
Neogi, Tuhina
S0003-9993(12)01202-6
AG 18832 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
AG 18947 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
AG 19069 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
AG18820 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
K23 AR055127 (United States NIAMS NIH HHS)
K23AR055127 (United States NIAMS NIH HHS)
P30-AG031679 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
R24 HD065688 (United States NICHD NIH HHS)
R24HD0065688 (United States NICHD NIH HHS)
U01 AG018820 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
U01 AG018832 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
U01 AG018947 (United States NIA NIH HHS)
U01 AG019069 (United States NIA NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medc&AN=23228625http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+Corrections&genre=article&id=pmid:23228625&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.apmr.2012.11.038&issn=0003-9993&volume=94&issue=4&spage=711&pages=711-7&date=2013&title=Archives+of+Physical+Medicine+%26+Rehabilitation&atitle=Walking+to+meet+physical+activity+guidelines+in+knee+osteoarthritis%3A+is+10%2C000+steps+enough%3F.&aulast=White&pid=%3Cauthor%3EWhite+DK%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23228625%3C%2FAN%3E		Dept of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA. dwtbn@bu.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

D. K. White, R. C. Wagenaar and T. Ellis	2006	Monitoring activity in individuals with Parkinson disease: a validity study		Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy			30		1	12-21					Mar	Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Validation Studies		Monitoring activity in individuals with Parkinson disease: a validity study	J Neurol Phys Ther	1557-0576												16630367				This study was conducted to investigate the validity of an Activity Monitor (AM) recording functional activities in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). A series of tasks were performed in both a fixed and a random manner by 11 participants with PD (H & Y 2-3; age range 40-79 years). Participants, wearing an AM, were recorded for video analysis (VA). The strength of association (rs) between the AM and VA for duration of time in body positions, walking, and bicycling across both fixed and random modules ranged from 0.63 to 0.98, however, the AM reported significantly greater time spent in body positions in both modules. Kappa statistics (K) between the AM and VA were the highest for transitions in the fixed module with Ks ranging from 0.74 to 1.0. During the random module, the agreement between the AM and VA was lowest for transitions between sitting and standing. In general, the Ks were low for activities lasting less than 5 seconds. The data collected in the study support the conclusion that the AM accurately evaluated the duration of time spent in body positions, the number of transitions between body positions, and the duration of time spent walking for activities lasting longer than 5 seconds in individuals with PD.	White, Daniel K
Wagenaar, Robert C
Ellis, Terry
R01AG021152 (United States NIA NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=16630367http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:16630367&id=doi:&issn=1557-0576&volume=30&issue=1&spage=12&pages=12-21&date=2006&title=Journal+of+Neurologic+Physical+Therapy&atitle=Monitoring+activity+in+individuals+with+Parkinson+disease%3A+a+validity+study.&aulast=White&pid=%3Cauthor%3EWhite+DK%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E16630367%3C%2FAN%3E		Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, ScD Program in Rehabilitation Science, Boston University, USA. dwtbn@bu.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

D. K. White, R. C. Wagenaar, T. D. Ellis and L. Tickle-Degnen	2009	Changes in walking activity and endurance following rehabilitation for people with Parkinson disease		Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation			90		1	43-50					Jan	Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Changes in walking activity and endurance following rehabilitation for people with Parkinson disease	Arch Phys Med Rehabil	1532-821X												19154828				OBJECTIVE: To investigate changes in walking activity and endurance after interdisciplinary rehabilitation in people with Parkinson disease (PD).
DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial.
SETTING: Clinic, home, and community.
PARTICIPANTS: Mild to moderate PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage 2-3).
INTERVENTIONS: Three experimental conditions lasting 6 weeks in duration: (1) no active rehabilitation; (2) 3.0 hours of interdisciplinary rehabilitation a week; or (3) 4.5 hours of interdisciplinary rehabilitation a week. Participants had stable medication regimes during the study.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Walking activity was estimated with an activity monitor (AM) (time spent walking and number of 10-second walking periods) in the home and community settings over a 24-hour period. Walking endurance was measured in the clinic with the two-minute walk test (2MWT). Linear contrast analyses were applied to examine changes in walking activity and endurance after higher doses of rehabilitation, and 2-way analysis of variance models with interaction were applied to examine the effect of high and low baseline walking levels on changes.
RESULTS: The 2MWT was completed by 108 people with PD (mean age, 66.53y; with PD, 6.59y), and AM data were used from 74 of these people (mean age, 66.7y; with PD, 5.8y). Improvement in AM measures and the 2MWT did not significantly change across increasing dosages of interdisciplinary rehabilitation. Higher doses of rehabilitation resulted in significant improvements in the 2MWT for subjects with low baseline walking endurance (P=.001), and in AM measures for subjects with high baseline walking activity (P<.02).
CONCLUSIONS: Interdisciplinary rehabilitation can improve walking activity and endurance depending on baseline walking levels.	White, Daniel K
Wagenaar, Robert C
Ellis, Terry D
Tickle-Degnen, Linda
R01AG021152 (United States NIA NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=19154828http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2004+to+2009%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:19154828&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.apmr.2008.06.034&issn=0003-9993&volume=90&issue=1&spage=43&pages=43-50&date=2009&title=Archives+of+Physical+Medicine+%26+Rehabilitation&atitle=Changes+in+walking+activity+and+endurance+following+rehabilitation+for+people+with+Parkinson+disease.&aulast=White&pid=%3Cauthor%3EWhite+DK%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E19154828%3C%2FAN%3E		Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02218, USA. white.daniel@gmail.com						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

D. K. White, C. Tudor-Locke, D. T. Felson, K. D. Gross, J. Niu, M. Nevitt, C. E. Lewis, J. Torner and T. Neogi	2013	Do radiographic disease and pain account for why people with or at high risk of knee osteoarthritis do not meet physical activity guidelines?		Arthritis & Rheumatism			65		1	139-147								Do radiographic disease and pain account for why people with or at high risk of knee osteoarthritis do not meet physical activity guidelines?		0004-3591												2011795504. Language: English. Entry Date: 20130111. Revision Date: 20140110. Publication Type: journal article				Objective Knee osteoarthritis (OA) and pain are assumed to be barriers to meeting physical activity guidelines, but this has not been formally evaluated. The purpose of this study was to determine the proportions of people with and those without knee OA and knee pain who meet recommended physical activity levels through walking. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of community-dwelling adults from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study who had or who were at high risk of knee OA. Participants wore a StepWatch activity monitor to record steps per day for 7 days. The proportion of participants who met the recommended physical activity levels was defined as those accumulating ≥150 minutes per week at ≥100 steps per minute in bouts lasting ≥10 minutes. These proportions were also determined for those with and those without knee OA, as classified by radiography and by severity of knee pain. Results Of the 1,788 study participants (mean ± SD age 67.2 ± 7.7 years, mean ± SD body mass index 30.7 ± 6.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, 60% women), lower overall percentages of participants with radiographic knee OA and knee pain met recommended physical activity levels. However, these differences were not statistically significant between those with and those without knee OA; 7.3% and 10.1% of men ( P = 0.34) and 6.3% and 7.8% of women ( P = 0.51), respectively, met recommended physical activity levels. Similarly, for those with moderate/severe knee pain and those with no knee pain, 12.9% and 10.9% of men ( P = 0.74) and 6.7% and 11.0% of women ( P = 0.40), respectively, met recommended physical activity levels. Conclusion Disease and pain have little impact on achieving recommended physical activity levels among people with or at high risk of knee OA.	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Gerontologic Care; Pain and Pain Management; Public Health. Instrumentation: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Grant Information: Supported by the NIH (grants AG-18820, AG-18832, AG- 18947, AG-19069, AR-007598, AR-47885, and National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases grant K23-AR- 055127), the Rheumatology Research Foundation of the American College of Rheumatology (Rheumatology Investigator Award to Dr. White), the Arthritis Foundation (Arthritis Investigator Award to Dr. Neogi), the Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (funded by NIH grant P30-AG-031679), and the Foundation for Physical Therapy.. NLM UID: 0370605.
PMID: 23124774		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2011795504&site=ehost-live		Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Massachusetts General Hospital Institute of Health Professions, Boston
University of California, San Francisco
University of Alabama at Birmingham
University of Iowa, Iowa City						rzh	EBSCOhost	
D. K. White, C. Tudor-Locke, D. T. Felson, K. D. Gross, J. Niu, M. Nevitt, C. E. Lewis, J. Torner and T. Neogi	2013	Walking to Meet Physical Activity Guidelines in Knee Osteoarthritis: Is 10,000 Steps Enough?		Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation			94		4	711-717								Walking to Meet Physical Activity Guidelines in Knee Osteoarthritis: Is 10,000 Steps Enough?		0003-9993												2012059788. Language: English. Entry Date: 20130614. Revision Date: 20140509. Publication Type: journal article				Abstract: Objective: To study if step goals (eg, walking 10,000 steps a day) approximate meeting the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. Design: Cross-sectional observational cohort. Setting: Community. Participants: People with or at high risk of knee OA (N=1788). Interventions: None. Main Outcome Measures: Objective physical activity data were collected over 7 consecutive days from people with or at high risk of knee OA participating in the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study. Using activity monitor data, we determined the proportion that (1) walked ≥10,000 steps per day, (2) met the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines, and (3) achieved both recommendations. Results: Of the subjects studied (mean age ± SD, 67±8y; mean body mass index ± SD, 31±6kg/m<sup>2</sup>; 60% women), 16.7% of men and 12.6% of women walked ≥10,000 steps per day, while 6% of men and 5% of women met the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. Of those walking ≥10,000 steps per day, 16.7% and 26.7% of men and women, respectively, also met the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines. Conclusions: Among this sample of older adults with or at high risk of knee OA, walking ≥10,000 steps a day did not translate into meeting public health guidelines. These findings highlight the disparity between the number of steps believed to be needed per day and the recommended time-intensity guidelines to achieve positive health benefits.	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Online/Print; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Physical Therapy. Grant Information: Supported by Boston University (grant no. NIH AG18820, grant no. NIAMS K23AR055127, grant no. R24HD0065688, an ACR/REF Rheumatology Investigator Award, an Arthritis Foundation Arthritis Investigator Award, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older American Independence Center grant no. P30-AG031679, and a Foundation for Physical Therapy grant), the University of Iowa (grant no. AG 18832), the University of Alabama at Birmingham (grant no AG 18947), and the University of California San Francisco (grant no. AG 19069).. NLM UID: 2985158R.
PMID: 23228625		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2012059788&site=ehost-live		College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA
University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA						rzh	EBSCOhost	
D. White, R. Wagenaar, T. Ellis and L. Tickle-Degnen	2009	Changes in walking activity and endurance following rehabilitation for people with Parkinson disease		Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation			90		1	43-50						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Changes in walking activity and endurance following rehabilitation for people with Parkinson disease								Pubmed 19154828						CN-00668165				OBJECTIVE: To investigate changes in walking activity and endurance after interdisciplinary rehabilitation in people with Parkinson disease (PD). DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Clinic, home, and community. PARTICIPANTS: Mild to moderate PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage 2-3). INTERVENTIONS: Three experimental conditions lasting 6 weeks in duration: (1) no active rehabilitation; (2) 3.0 hours of interdisciplinary rehabilitation a week; or (3) 4.5 hours of interdisciplinary rehabilitation a week. Participants had stable medication regimes during the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Walking activity was estimated with an activity monitor (AM) (time spent walking and number of 10-second walking periods) in the home and community settings over a 24-hour period. Walking endurance was measured in the clinic with the two-minute walk test (2MWT). Linear contrast analyses were applied to examine changes in walking activity and endurance after higher doses of rehabilitation, and 2-way analysis of variance models with interaction were applied to examine the effect of high and low baseline walking levels on changes. RESULTS: The 2MWT was completed by 108 people with PD (mean age, 66.53y; with PD, 6.59y), and AM data were used from 74 of these people (mean age, 66.7y; with PD, 5.8y). Improvement in AM measures and the 2MWT did not significantly change across increasing dosages of interdisciplinary rehabilitation. Higher doses of rehabilitation resulted in significant improvements in the 2MWT for subjects with low baseline walking endurance (P=.001), and in AM measures for subjects with high baseline walking activity (P<.02). CONCLUSIONS: Interdisciplinary rehabilitation can improve walking activity and endurance depending on baseline walking levels.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/165/CN-00668165/frame.html										
W. White, P. Schulman, E. McCabe and W. Hager	1986	Effects of chronic cetamolol therapy on resting, ambulatory, and exercise blood pressure and heart rate		Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics			39		6	664-8						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effects of chronic cetamolol therapy on resting, ambulatory, and exercise blood pressure and heart rate								Pubmed 3709031						CN-00042889				We studied blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) responses in 12 patients with hypertension who were receiving cetamolol, a cardioselective beta-blocker with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. The BP and HR parameters were evaluated at rest (casual, office readings), with ambulatory BP monitoring, and after treadmill exercise testing. At a mean (+/- SD) dose of 46 +/- 21 mg/day, casual supine BP decreased by 10/12 mm Hg (P less than 0.05 for systolic; P less than 0.01 for diastolic) compared with placebo, while HR decreased 4 bpm. Cetamolol resulted in a significant reduction in the mean 24-hour systolic BP. The most striking reduction occurred in the BP at work (23 mm Hg), with almost no decrease in the BP during sleep. Ambulatory HR reductions occurred while the subjects were at work (9 bpm; P less than 0.05) but not while at home (awake) or during sleep. The mean duration of exercise was the same during cetamolol and placebo phases, but both HR and BP fell significantly at peak performance after cetamolol. These data suggest that cetamolol reduces BP without lowering HR at rest. During periods of increased adrenergic activity such as work and dynamic exercise, both HR and BP are reduced.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/889/CN-00042889/frame.html										
W. White, P. Schulman, E. McCabe and M. Nardone	1987	Clinical validation of the accutracker, a novel ambulatory blood pressure monitor using R-wave gating for Korotkoff sounds		Journal of clinical hypertension			3		4	500-9						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Clinical validation of the accutracker, a novel ambulatory blood pressure monitor using R-wave gating for Korotkoff sounds								Pubmed 3453385						CN-00054706				We compared simultaneous, same-arm blood pressure (BPs) obtained with the Accutracker, an ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitor, which uses R-wave gating for Korotkoff sounds to those of both a blinded, skilled clinician using a mercury column and a three-channel graphic display of cuff pressure tracings, Korotkoff sounds, and ECG tracing. Eighteen subjects, with a wide variety of BPs, heart rates, and ages, participated in the study. The systolic BP obtained by the ambulatory recorder, clinician, and the three-channel strip chart recorder were 132 +/- 23 mmHg, 132 +/- 24 mmHg, and 133 +/- 25 mmHg, (all NS), respectively. Accutracker recorder-determined systolic BP correlated highly both with the clinician and strip chart readings (r = 0.98 and 0.97, respectively; p less than 0.0001 for both). The diastolic BP obtained by the Accutracker recorder was slightly, but significantly, lower than the clinician's readings (76 +/- 12 mmHg vs. 81 +/- 13 mmHg; p less than 0.005) and similar to the strip chart recorder readings (76 +/- 12 mmHg vs. 77 +/- 12 mmHg; NS). In 32 young, healthy subjects with no activity restrictions, 91% of the raw BP data from 24-hour ambulatory recordings was acceptable using strict deletion criteria. These data demonstrate that the Accutracker is highly accurate compared with clinician-determined blood pressures. The lower diastolic BP readings may stem from the ability of this device to detect softer Korotkoff sounds than can be detected by the clinician. These findings should be taken into consideration when using ambulatory BP monitoring in clinical trials of antihypertensive drugs.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/706/CN-00054706/frame.html										
B. Whitman, S. Myers, A. Carrel and D. Allen	2002	The behavioral impact of growth hormone treatment for children and adolescents with Prader-Willi syndrome: a 2-year, controlled study		Pediatrics			109		2	E35						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The behavioral impact of growth hormone treatment for children and adolescents with Prader-Willi syndrome: a 2-year, controlled study								Pubmed 11826245						CN-00377626				INTRODUCTION: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is characterized by obesity, hypotonia, hypogonadism, hyperphagia, short stature, and a neurobehavioral profile that includes cognitive deficits, learning problems, and behavioral difficulties that increase in both quantity and severity over time. PWS results from an alteration in the molecular composition of a critical region of C#15q. Morbid obesity resulting from hyperphagia is amplified by decreased energy expenditure and reduced physical activity. The hyperphagia has proven refractory to all psychopharmocologic intervention; the behavioral components are equally resistant to psychotropic intervention. PWS patients' body composition resembles that of individuals with growth hormone (GH) deficiency, including short stature and reduced lean body mass with concomitant increased fat mass. We hypothesized that GH administration to children with PWS, in addition to stimulating linear growth, would improve body composition, increase energy expenditure and fat utilization, and improve muscle strength, physical agility, and pulmonary function. Two recent reports from this study document significant positive effects of GH treatment on these children's physical parameters measured in a 2-year, controlled study. However, the behavioral impact of GH treatment in this population remains incompletely described. A psychosocial burden, including emotional, behavioral, and cognitive disturbances associated with short stature, has been previously described in a non-PWS population with GH deficiency and idiopathic short stature. An impaired quality of life and psychosocial status is also documented in otherwise normal adults with GH deficiency. In both populations, growth hormone replacement therapy (GHRT) is reported to improve alertness, activity level, endurance, irritability, tendency to worry, and extroversion resulting in better personal relationships with fewer conflicts. This report focuses on that portion of the study investigating the behavioral and psychosocial outcomes accompanying increased stature and improved physical status for persons with PWS treated with GHRT. We hypothesized that, as in other populations, GHRT for persons with PWS would have a significant positive effect on their psychosocial status as well as an improvement in their growth parameters. METHODS: A 2-year, controlled study with control group crossover in the second year was used. Fifty-four consecutive children with genetically confirmed PWS were enrolled. Patients were 4 to 16 years of age at time of enrollment, had skeletal maturation <13 for girls and <15 for boys; all but 3 participants remained prepubertal (Tanner stage 1) throughout the study. Children who had previous therapy with GH were excluded, as were children with a scoliosis >20 degrees. After a 6-month growth assessment were randomized into a 60:40 treatment:control ratio. Treatment consisted of Nutropin (Genentech), 1 mg/m2/day. A modified Offord Survey Diagnostic Instrument (SDI) was used to monitor behavior at 6-month intervals. The SDI is a 165-item behavioral checklist with items rated on a scale of 0 = Never or Not True, 1 = Sometimes or Somewhat True, and 2 = Often or Very True. The items are balanced between positively and negatively scored items. The present instrument was designed to derive diagnoses for the following Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition categories: Depression, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Anxiety Disorder, Somatization Disorder, Conduct Disorder, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. The SDI was modified to include 10 items specifically inquiring about PWS (eg, denies having PWS, picks excessively at skin, nose, or other body parts). Because diagnoses are not mutually exclusive, an individual can meet criteria for 1 or more diagnostic categories. The SDI contains a second section measuring behavior functioning in the school environment, in the family, and in personal and social relationships. A wider scoring range is used and is question-specific. Parallel forms of this me sure are available for parents, teachers, and the child him/herself. We gathered data from both parents and teachers at 6-month intervals. No questionnaire was scored until the completion of the entire study to avoid any possibility of an inadvertent "feedback" or "self-fulfilling prophecy" effect. All questionnaires were scored by a Bachelor's level research assistant blind to study assignment. Family stress was monitored with the Family Inventory of Life Events. At study completion, the impact of GH was measured with a 13-item summary interview adapted from Wiren et al. After completion of all final study visits, a single research assistant blind to treatment assignment interviewed all families by phone. This method was chosen to minimize any positively biased demand characteristics. RESULTS: Both between-group and within-group contrasts were computed for baseline, 12 (time 1) and 24 month (time 2) measures. Because behavioral deterioration, as well as improvement, was a possibility, a 2-tailed hypothesis test was used for all comparisons. No differences were found between treatment and control groups, nor within groups across measurement points for attentional symptoms, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive complex, violence, or psychotic symptoms. Similarly, no differences were noted between groups on depressive symptoms; however, a significant positive effect (reduction of depressive symptoms) was noted for the treatment group from baseline to time 1, and was retained at time 2. The group was divided by age, with those 11.0 years and younger comprising one group and those older the second group. This analysis indicated that the major reduction in depressive symptoms occurred in those over 11 years old. When divided by age, a second unexpected finding emerged. There was a significant increase in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms from baseline to 24 months in those children 11 and under, independent of treatment status. The groups were subsequently further broken down by sex and by genetic status (deletion versus disomy) with no significant findings. At no time was the expected behavioral deterioration reported. We conclude that in addition to the previously detailed improvements in physical parameters for these children, behavioral improvement, including a lack of predictable behavioral deterioration during the treatment period, is a strong argument for the use of GHRT for this difficult syndrome.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/626/CN-00377626/frame.html										
J. Wieboldt, L. Atallah, J. L. Kelly, D. Shrikrishna, K. M. Gyi, B. Lo, G. Z. Yang, D. Bilton, M. I. Polkey and N. S. Hopkinson	2012	Effect of acute exacerbations on skeletal muscle strength and physical activity in cystic fibrosis		Journal of Cystic Fibrosis			11		3	209-15					May	Comparative Study		Effect of acute exacerbations on skeletal muscle strength and physical activity in cystic fibrosis	J Cyst Fibros	1873-5010												22226413				BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle weakness is an important complication of chronic respiratory disease. The effect of acute exacerbations on strength in patients with cystic fibrosis is not known.
METHODS: Quadriceps (QMVC) and respiratory muscle strength were measured in patients at the time of acute admission, at discharge and one month later. Patients wore an activity monitor during admission and at one month. Convalescent values were compared to the stable clinic population.
RESULTS: Data were available for 13 acute admissions and 25 stable CF outpatients. Strength and other parameters including daily step count did not differ significantly between the stable and one month post-admission groups. At admission, QMVC was 16.7 (8.3)% lower than at convalescence, whereas inspiratory muscle strength did not change significantly. Reduction in QMVC did not correlate with activity levels or with markers of systemic inflammation.
CONCLUSION: Further research is needed to identify the mechanisms responsible for the reduction in QMVC. Copyright 2011 European Cystic Fibrosis Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Wieboldt, Jason
Atallah, Louis
Kelly, Julia L
Shrikrishna, Dinesh
Gyi, Khin M
Lo, Benny
Yang, Guang Zhong
Bilton, Diana
Polkey, Michael I
Hopkinson, Nicholas S		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22226413http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:22226413&id=doi:10.1016%2Fj.jcf.2011.12.001&issn=1569-1993&volume=11&issue=3&spage=209&pages=209-15&date=2012&title=Journal+of+Cystic+Fibrosis&atitle=Effect+of+acute+exacerbations+on+skeletal+muscle+strength+and+physical+activity+in+cystic+fibrosis.&aulast=Wieboldt&pid=%3Cauthor%3EWieboldt+J%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E22226413%3C%2FAN%3E		NIHR Respiratory Disease Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, United Kingdom.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. Wilbur, A. Miller, J. McDevitt, E. Wang and J. Miller	2005	Menopausal status, moderate-intensity walking, and symptoms in midlife women		Research and theory for nursing practice			19		2	163-80						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Menopausal status, moderate-intensity walking, and symptoms in midlife women								Pubmed 16025696						CN-00523272				The purpose of this randomized clinical trial study was to determine the effectiveness of a 24-week, home-based, moderate-intensity, walking intervention in improving symptoms (vasomotor, uro-genital/sexual, sleep, psychological, cognitive, physical) experienced by midlife women. One hundred and seventy-three Caucasian and African American women aged 45 to 65 who were not on hormone therapy, had no major signs or symptoms of cardiovascular disease, and were sedentary in their leisure activity were randomly assigned to the moderate-intensity walking group or the nonexercise control group. The exercise prescription was walking at a frequency of 4 times a week for a duration of 20 to 30 minutes. The symptom impact inventory included the frequency, intensity, and bothersomeness of 33 symptoms collected at baseline and 24 weeks. Adherence was measured with a heart rate monitor and exercise log. Average adherence to frequency of walking was 71.6% of the expected walks. After 24 weeks, there were no differences between the walking and control group on change in symptoms. However, multiple regression revealed that frequency of adherence to walking along with change in physical symptoms and menopausal status were significant predictors of change in sleep symptoms. While walking did not improve most symptoms experienced by midlife women, frequency of walking may improve sleep.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/272/CN-00523272/frame.html										
J. Wilbur, A. Vassalo, P. Chandler, J. McDevitt and A. Miller	2005	Midlife women's adherence to home-based walking during maintenance		Nursing research			54		1	33-40						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Midlife women's adherence to home-based walking during maintenance								Pubmed 15695937						CN-00502771				BACKGROUND: Despite the many known benefits of physical activity, some women (27%) report no leisure-time physical activity in the prior month. Of those women who began an exercise program, the dropout rate was as high as 50% in the first 3-6 months. The challenge for researchers and clinicians is to identify those factors that influence not only adoption, but also maintenance, of physical activity. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was (a) to describe midlife women's maintenance of walking following the intervention phase of a 24-week, home-based walking program, and (b) to identify the effects of background characteristics, self-efficacy for overcoming barriers to exercise, and adherence to walking during the intervention phase on retention and adherence to walking. METHODS: There were Black and White women participants (N = 90) aged 40-65 years who completed a 24-week, home-based walking program. Self-efficacy for overcoming barriers to exercise, maximal aerobic fitness, and percentage of body fat were measured at baseline, 24 weeks, and 48 weeks. Adherence was measured with heart-rate monitors and an exercise log. RESULTS: Retention was 80% during maintenance. On average, the women who reported walking during maintenance adhered to 64% of the expected walks during that phase. Examination of the total number of walks and the number and sequence of weeks without a walk revealed dynamic patterns. The multiple regression model explained 40% of the variance in adherence during the maintenance phase. DISCUSSION: These results suggest that both self-efficacy for overcoming barriers and adherence during the intervention phase play a role in women's walking adherence. The findings reflect dynamic patterns of adopting and maintaining new behavior.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/771/CN-00502771/frame.html										
F. Wilhelm and W. Roth	1998	Using minute ventilation for ambulatory estimation of additional heart rate		Biological psychology			49		1-2	137-50						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Using minute ventilation for ambulatory estimation of additional heart rate								Pubmed 9792490						CN-00428068				Both physical activity and emotion produce physiological activation. The emotional component of heart rate (HR) can be estimated as the additional HR (aHR) above that predicted by O2 consumption. Our innovation was to substitute minute ventilation (V) for O2 consumption, calculating aHR from individual relations between V and HR during an exercise test. We physiologically monitored 28 flight phobics and 15 non-anxious controls while walking (leaving the hospital, entering a plane), and during a commercial flight. Raw HR did not differ between phobics and controls when leaving the hospital (118/114 bpm) or entering the plane (117/110 bpm). However, although aHR was not different when leaving the hospital (7.0/8.6 bpm), it was significantly greater when entering the plane (17.5/9.9 bpm), accurately reflecting the increased subjective anxiety of the phobics. V was not higher in phobics than controls during any condition, suggesting an absence of hyperventilation in the phobics. The results demonstrate the utility of our method for analyzing HR in people whose stress occurs when they are physically active.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/068/CN-00428068/frame.html										
B. Wilk, B. Timmons and O. Bar-Or	2010	Voluntary fluid intake, hydration status, and aerobic performance of adolescent athletes in the heat		Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquée, nutrition et métabolisme			35		6	834-41						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Voluntary fluid intake, hydration status, and aerobic performance of adolescent athletes in the heat								Pubmed 21164555						CN-00780267				We determined whether beverage flavoring and composition would stimulate voluntary drink intake, prevent dehydration, and maintain exercise performance in heat-acclimated adolescent males running in the heat. Eight adolescent (age, 13.7 ± 1.1 years) runners (peak oxygen uptake, 59.5 ± 4.0 mL·kg-1·min-1) underwent at least four 80-min exercise heat-acclimation sessions before completing 3 experimental sessions. All sessions were performed at 30 °C and 60%-65% relative humidity. Each experimental session consisted of five 15-min treadmill runs at a speed eliciting 65% peak oxygen uptake, with a 5 min rest prior to each run. Ten minutes after the final run, a time to exhaustion test was performed at a speed eliciting 90% peak oxygen uptake. Counterbalanced experimental sessions were identical, except for fluid intake, which consisted of tap water (W), flavored water (FW), and FW with 6% carbohydrate and 18 mmol·L-1 NaCl (CNa) consumed ad libitum. Fluid intake and body weight were monitored to calculate dehydration. Voluntary fluid intake was similar to fluid losses in W (1032 ± 130 vs. 1340 ± 246 g), FW (1086 ± 86 vs. 1451 ± 253 g), and CNa (1259 ± 119 vs. 1358 ± 234 g). As a result, significant dehydration was avoided in all trials (-0.45% ± 0.68% body weight in W, -0.66% ± 0.50% body weight in FW, and -0.13% ± 0.71% body weight in CNa). Core temperature increased by ~1 °C during exercise, but was not different between trials. Time to exhaustion was not different between trials and averaged 8.8 ± 1.7 min. Under exercise conditions more closely reflecting real-life situations, heat-acclimatized adolescent male runners can appropriately gauge fluid intake regardless of the type of beverage made available, resulting in consistency in exercise performance.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/267/CN-00780267/frame.html										
L. Wilkes, M. Castro, S. Mohan, S. Sundaraj and F. Noore	2003	Health status of patients with chronic pain attending a pain center		Pain management nursing			4		2	70-6						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Health status of patients with chronic pain attending a pain center								Pubmed 12836151						CN-00438895				This study aimed to determine whether the health status of patients with chronic pain improved after attending the pain center. The study used a pre-post survey design and was conducted at a pain center in Western Sydney. A convenience sample of patients with chronic pain who attended the pain center between December 1998 and February 2000 were involved in the study. The Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 measured health status of the participants in eight general areas, including physical functioning, role limitations resulting from physical health problems, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role limitations resulting from emotional problems, and mental health. A significant improvement in bodily pain was demonstrated by the total group. The other variables measured remained unaffected. The study sample was divided into subgroups based on gender, age, and presenting symptom. Within the subgroups, a significant improvement in bodily pain was shown by the male participants, patients younger than 65 years of age, and those who presented with different types of chronic pain other than back pain. This preliminary study was done to monitor the health status of people with chronic pain. A holistic approach to improve the health status of people with chronic pain seems to be necessary. Further studies should use a combination of generic outcome measures and disease-specific indicators to measure health outcomes.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/895/CN-00438895/frame.html										
M. Wilkinson and K. Grimmer	2004	Sonographic Analysis: Normal Variability of Muscle and Tendon of the Shoulder in Response to Daily Activity and Exercise		Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography			20		1	25-35						Journal: Article		Sonographic Analysis: Normal Variability of Muscle and Tendon of the Shoulder in Response to Daily Activity and Exercise														CN-00515670				Although work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are now well recognized and documented, tests to diagnose and quantify these disorders are not well developed. Late presentation of MSDs is believed to equate to poor outcomes, and lack of reliable monitoring of treatment may lead to an inappropriate return to work. The authors report on a study to quantify "normal" muscle activity in volunteers. Subjects were randomly divided into control and intervention (exercise) groups. Using sonography, the authors measured the diameters of the selected soft tissue twice daily over a period of a week, with an extra measurement after exercise in the intervention group. Results indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups over any of the time frames or in dominant and nondominant sides. However, results indicated there was a day-to-day and diurnal difference in muscle size, indicating that muscles do not remain static in size.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/670/CN-00515670/frame.html										
A. Williams, L. Bloomfield, E. Milthorpe, D. Aspinall, K. Filocamo, T. Wellsmore, N. Manolios, U. Jayasinghe and M. Harris	2013	Effectiveness of Moving On: an Australian designed generic self-management program for people with a chronic illness		BMC health services research			13			90						Journal: Article		Effectiveness of Moving On: an Australian designed generic self-management program for people with a chronic illness								Pubmed 23497326						CN-00916465				BACKGROUND: This paper presents the evaluation of "Moving On", a generic self-management program for people with a chronic illness developed by Arthritis NSW. The program aims to help participants identify their need for behaviour change and acquire the knowledge and skills to implement changes that promote their health and quality of life. METHOD: A prospective pragmatic randomised controlled trial involving two group programs in community settings: the intervention program (Moving On) and a control program (light physical activity). Participants were recruited by primary health care providers across the north-west region of metropolitan Sydney, Australia between June 2009 and October 2010. Patient outcomes were self-reported via pre- and post-program surveys completed at the time of enrolment and sixteen weeks after program commencement. Primary outcomes were change in self-efficacy (Self-efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item Scale), self-management knowledge and behaviour and perceived health status (Self-Rated Health Scale and the Health Distress Scale). RESULTS: A total of 388 patient referrals were received, of whom 250 (64.4%) enrolled in the study. Three patients withdrew prior to allocation. 25 block randomisations were performed by a statistician external to the research team: 123 patients were allocated to the intervention program and 124 were allocated to the control program. 97 (78.9%) of the intervention participants commenced their program. The overall attrition rate of 40.5% included withdrawals from the study and both programs. 24.4% of participants withdrew from the intervention program but not the study and 22.6% withdrew from the control program but not the study. A total of 62 patients completed the intervention program and follow-up evaluation survey and 77 patients completed the control program and follow-up evaluation survey. At 16 weeks follow-up there was no significant difference between intervention and control groups in self-efficacy; however, there was an increase in self-efficacy from baseline to follow-up for the intervention participants (t=-1.948, p=0.028). There were no significant differences in self-rated health or health distress scores between groups at follow-up, with both groups reporting a significant decrease in health distress scores. There was no significant difference between or within groups in self-management knowledge and stage of change of behaviours at follow-up. Intervention group attenders had significantly higher physical activity (t=-4.053, p=0.000) and nutrition scores (t=2.315, p= 0.01) at follow-up; however, these did not remain significant after adjustment for covariates. At follow-up, significantly more participants in the control group (20.8%) indicated that they did not have a self-management plan compared to those in the intervention group (8.8%) (X²=4.671, p=0.031). There were no significant changes in other self-management knowledge areas and behaviours after adjusting for covariates at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The study produced mixed findings. Differences between groups as allocated were diluted by the high proportion of patients not completing the program. Further monitoring and evaluation are needed of the impact and cost effectiveness of the program. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12609000298213.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/465/CN-00916465/frame.html										
E. Williams, R. C. Klesges, C. L. Hanson and L. H. Eck	1989	A prospective study of the reliability and convergent validity of three physical activity measures in a field research trial		Journal of Clinical Epidemiology			42		12	1161-70						Comparative Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		A prospective study of the reliability and convergent validity of three physical activity measures in a field research trial	J Clin Epidemiol	0895-4356												2585007				This investigation sought to determine the test-retest reliability and convergent validity of three commonly used physical activity measures. The Stanford Physical Activity Recall, the Caltrac Activity Monitor, and a daily physical activity log were administered to 45 subjects over a 3-week period. The results indicated high levels of test-retest reliability for the Stanford and the daily log; low test-retest reliability was obtained for the Caltrac. Convergent validity was also high between the Stanford and daily log but was low for both of these measures with the Caltrac. These results suggest that the Stanford Physical Activity Recall may be the self-report measure of choice for large studies due to its high reliability and convergent validity with a more time-consuming daily log, as well as its cost- and time-efficiency. Based on the results, it is recommended that the Caltrac activity sensors not be used for field studies of physical activity until the logistical problems of their use in clinical trials are solved.	Williams, E
Klesges, R C
Hanson, C L
Eck, L H
HL-36553 (United States NHLBI NIH HHS)
HL-39332 (United States NHLBI NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=2585007http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1988+to+1995%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:2585007&id=doi:&issn=0895-4356&volume=42&issue=12&spage=1161&pages=1161-70&date=1989&title=Journal+of+Clinical+Epidemiology&atitle=A+prospective+study+of+the+reliability+and+convergent+validity+of+three+physical+activity+measures+in+a+field+research+trial.&aulast=Williams&pid=%3Cauthor%3EWilliams+E%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E2585007%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Psychology, Memphis State University, TN 38152.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

K. Williams, A. Prevost, S. Griffin, W. Hardeman, W. Hollingworth, D. Spiegelhalter, S. Sutton, U. Ekelund, N. Wareham and A. Kinmonth	2004	The ProActive trial protocol - A randomised controlled trial of the efficacy of a family-based, domiciliary intervention programme to increase physical activity among individuals at high risk of diabetes (ISRCTN61323766)		BMC Public Health			4			48								The ProActive trial protocol - A randomised controlled trial of the efficacy of a family-based, domiciliary intervention programme to increase physical activity among individuals at high risk of diabetes (ISRCTN61323766)														CN-00635214				Background: Increasing prevalence of obesity and disorders associated with sedentary living constitute a major global public health problem. While previous evaluations of interventions to increase physical activity have involved communities or individuals with established disease, less attention has been given to interventions for individuals at risk of disease. Methods/design: ProActive aims to evaluate the efficacy of a theoretical, evidence- and family-based intervention programme to increase physical activity in a sedentary population, defined as being at-risk through having a parental family history of diabetes. Primary care diabetes or family history registers were used to recruit 365 individuals aged 30-50 years, screened for activity level. Participants were assigned by central randomisation to three intervention programmes: brief written advice (comparison group) , or a psychologically based behavioural change programme, delivered either by telephone (distance group) or face-to-face in the family home over one year. The protocol-driven intervention programme is delivered by trained facilitators, and aims to support increases in physical activity through the introduction and facilitation of a range of selfregulatory skills (e.g. goal setting). The primary outcome is daytime energy expenditure and its ratio to resting energy expenditure, measured at baseline and one year using individually calibrated heart rate monitoring. Secondary measures include self- report of individual and family activity, psychological mediators of behaviour change, physiological and biochemical correlates, acceptability, and costs, measured at baseline, six months and one year. The primary intention to treat analysis will compare groups at one-year post randomisation. Estimation of the impact on diabetes incidence will be modelled using data from a parallel ten-year cohort study using similar measures. Discussion: ProActive is the first efficacy trial of an intervention programme to promote physical activity in a defined high-risk group accessible through primary care. The intervention programme is based on psychological theory and evidence; it introduces and facilitates the use of self-regulatory skills to support behaviour change and maintenance. The trial addresses a range of methodological weaknesses in the field by careful specification and quality assurance of the intervention programme, precise characterisation of participants, year-long follow-up and objective measurement of physical activity. Due to report in 2005, Pro Active will provide estimates of the extent to which this approach could assist at-risk groups who could benefit from changes in behaviours affecting health, and inform future pragmatic trials. © 2004 Williams et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/214/CN-00635214/frame.html										
K. Williams, A. Prevost, S. Griffin, W. Hardeman, W. Hollingworth, D. Spiegelhalter, S. Sutton, U. Ekelund, N. Wareham and A. Kinmonth	2004	The ProActive trial protocol - a randomised controlled trial of the efficacy of a family-based, domiciliary intervention programme to increase physical activity among individuals at high risk of diabetes [ISRCTN61323766]		BMC public health			4			48						Clinical Trial; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The ProActive trial protocol - a randomised controlled trial of the efficacy of a family-based, domiciliary intervention programme to increase physical activity among individuals at high risk of diabetes [ISRCTN61323766]								Pubmed 15491494						CN-00510487				BACKGROUND: Increasing prevalence of obesity and disorders associated with sedentary living constitute a major global public health problem. While previous evaluations of interventions to increase physical activity have involved communities or individuals with established disease, less attention has been given to interventions for individuals at risk of disease. METHODS/DESIGN: ProActive aims to evaluate the efficacy of a theoretical, evidence- and family-based intervention programme to increase physical activity in a sedentary population, defined as being at-risk through having a parental family history of diabetes. Primary care diabetes or family history registers were used to recruit 365 individuals aged 30-50 years, screened for activity level. Participants were assigned by central randomisation to three intervention programmes: brief written advice (comparison group), or a psychologically based behavioural change programme, delivered either by telephone (distance group) or face-to-face in the family home over one year. The protocol-driven intervention programme is delivered by trained facilitators, and aims to support increases in physical activity through the introduction and facilitation of a range of self-regulatory skills (e.g. goal setting). The primary outcome is daytime energy expenditure and its ratio to resting energy expenditure, measured at baseline and one year using individually calibrated heart rate monitoring. Secondary measures include self-report of individual and family activity, psychological mediators of behaviour change, physiological and biochemical correlates, acceptability, and costs, measured at baseline, six months and one year. The primary intention to treat analysis will compare groups at one-year post randomisation. Estimation of the impact on diabetes incidence will be modelled using data from a parallel ten-year cohort study using similar measures. DISCUSSION: ProActive is the first efficacy trial of an intervention programme to promote physical activity in a defined high-risk group accessible through primary care. The intervention programme is based on psychological theory and evidence; it introduces and facilitates the use of self-regulatory skills to support behaviour change and maintenance. The trial addresses a range of methodological weaknesses in the field by careful specification and quality assurance of the intervention programme, precise characterisation of participants, year-long follow-up and objective measurement of physical activity. Due to report in 2005, ProActive will provide estimates of the extent to which this approach could assist at-risk groups who could benefit from changes in behaviours affecting health, and inform future pragmatic trials.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/487/CN-00510487/frame.html										
N. Williams, B. Bullen, J. McArthur, G. Skrinar and B. Turnbull	1999	Effects of short-term strenuous endurance exercise upon corpus luteum function		Medicine and science in sports and exercise			31		7	949-58						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Effects of short-term strenuous endurance exercise upon corpus luteum function								Pubmed 10416555						CN-00165484				PURPOSE: The present study tested whether short-term, abruptly initiated training can cause corpus luteum dysfunction when exercise is limited to either the follicular or luteal phase of the cycle. METHODS: Reproductive hormone excretion and menstrual characteristics were studied in sedentary women who exercised only during the follicular (N = 5) or the luteal (N = 4) phase. Six women served as controls, three of whom exercised at a low volume and three who remained sedentary. Weekly progressive increments in exercise volume continued until either ovulation (follicular group) or menses (luteal group) occurred. Physical activity and nutrient intake were closely monitored with the intent to maintain body weight. RESULTS: No luteal phase disturbances occurred in any of the control subjects, whereas 40% of follicular and 50% of luteal exercisers experienced luteal defects. The proportion of menstrual cycles disrupted was not different between luteal and follicular exercisers (50% vs 30%, respectively) but was significantly greater than the proportion of cycles disrupted in control subjects (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that exposure to abrupt onset of training can alter luteal function, regardless of the menstrual cycle phase in which exercise occurs. This study also demonstrates that a relatively low volume of exercise suffices to induce mild disturbances in luteal function.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/484/CN-00165484/frame.html										
E. Wilmot, M. Davies, C. Edwardson, T. Gorely, K. Khunti, M. Nimmo, T. Yates and S. Biddle	2011	Rationale and study design for a randomised controlled trial to reduce sedentary time in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: project stand (Sedentary Time ANd diabetes)		BMC public health			11			908						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Rationale and study design for a randomised controlled trial to reduce sedentary time in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: project stand (Sedentary Time ANd diabetes)								Pubmed 22151909						CN-00848961				BACKGROUND: The rising prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health problem. There is an urgent need for effective lifestyle interventions to prevent the development of T2DM. Sedentary behaviour (sitting time) has recently been identified as a risk factor for diabetes, often independent of the time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Project STAND (Sedentary Time ANd Diabetes) is a study which aims to reduce sedentary behaviour in younger adults at high risk of T2DM. METHODS/DESIGN: A reduction in sedentary time is targeted using theory driven group structured education. The STAND programme is subject to piloting and process evaluation in line with the MRC framework for complex interventions. Participants are encouraged to self-monitor and self-regulate their behaviour. The intervention is being assessed in a randomised controlled trial with 12 month follow up. Inclusion criteria are a) aged 18-40 years with a BMI in the obese range; b) 18-40 years with a BMI in the overweight range plus an additional risk factor for T2DM. Participants are randomised to the intervention (n = 89) or control (n = 89) arm. The primary outcome is a reduction in sedentary behaviour at 12 months as measured by an accelerometer (count < 100/min). Secondary outcomes include physical activity, sitting/lying time using the ActivPAL posture monitor, fasting and 2 h oral glucose tolerance test, lipids, inflammatory biomarkers, body weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, illness perceptions, and efficacy beliefs for behaviour change. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first UK trial to address sedentary behaviour change in a population of younger adults at risk of T2DM. The results will provide a platform for the development of a range of future multidisciplinary interventions in this rapidly expanding high-risk population. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current controlled trials ISRCTN08434554, MRC project 91409.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/961/CN-00848961/frame.html										
D. K. Wilson, R. Friend, N. Teasley, S. Green, I. L. Reaves and D. A. Sica	2002	Motivational versus social cognitive interventions for promoting fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity in African American adolescents		Annals of Behavioral Medicine			24		4	310-319					Fal	Empirical Study		Motivational versus social cognitive interventions for promoting fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity in African American adolescents		0883-6612
1532-4796												2002-06524-007				Strategic self-presentation (motivational intervention [MI] is a theoretical approach that is distinct from social cognitive theory (SCT). Specifically, strategic self-presentation involves increasing motivation by creating cognitive dissonance and inducing shifts in self-concept by generating positive coping strategies during a videotaped session. 53 healthy African American adolescents (aged 11-15 yrs) were randomized to a SCT+MI, SCT-only, or an education-only group for increasing fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake and physical activity. The SCT+MI and SCT-only groups received a 12-wk SCT program. Students in the SCT+MI group also participated in a strategic self-presentation videotape session. Participants completed 3-day food records, completed measures of self-concept and self-efficacy, and wore an activity monitor for 4 days at pre- and posttreatment. Both the SCT+MI and the SCT-only groups showed greater increases in F&V intake from pre to posttreatment as compared with the education-only group. There were no significant time or group effects for any of the physical activity measures. Findings suggest that the change in F&V intake in the SCT+MI group resulted from strategic self-presentation, which induced positive shifts in self-concept and self-efficacy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).			http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=psyc4&AN=2002-06524-007http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:PsycINFO+<2002+to+2005>&genre=article&id=pmid:&id=doi:10.1207/S15324796ABM2404_07&issn=0883-6612&volume=24&issue=4&spage=310&pages=310-319&date=2002&title=Annals+of+Behavioral+Medicine&atitle=Motivational+versus+social+cognitive+interventions+for+promoting+fruit+and+vegetable+intake+and+physical+activity+in+African+American+adolescents.&aulast=Wilson&pid=<author>Wilson,+Dawn+K</author>&<AN>2002-06524-007</AN>		Wilson, Dawn K.: dkwilson@sc.edu
Wilson, Dawn K.: U South Carolina, Norman J. Arnold School of Public Health, Preventio Research Ctr, 730 Devine Street, Columbia, SC, US, 29208, dkwilson@sc.edu
Wilson, Dawn K.: U South Carolina, Norman J. Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC, US Friend, Ronald: State U of New York, Stony Brook, NY, US Teasley, Nicole: Virginia Commonwealth U, Medical Coll of Virginia, Richmond, VA, US Green, Sabra: Virginia Commonwealth U, Medical Coll of Virginia, Richmond, VA, US Reaves, Irvine Lee: Team-Up Richmond, Richmond, VA, US Sica, Domenic A.: Virginia Commonwealth U, Medical Coll of Virginia, Richmond, VA, US								English

R. Wing, R. Hamman, G. Bray, L. Delahanty, S. Edelstein, J. Hill, E. Horton, M. Hoskin, A. Kriska, J. Lachin, E. Mayer-Davis, X. Pi-Sunyer, J. Regensteiner, B. Venditti and J. Wylie-Rosett	2004	Achieving weight and activity goals among diabetes prevention program lifestyle participants		Obesity research			12		9	1426-34						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Achieving weight and activity goals among diabetes prevention program lifestyle participants								Pubmed 15483207						CN-00504437				OBJECTIVE: The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) showed that intensive lifestyle intervention reduced the risk of diabetes by 58%. This paper examines demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral factors related to achieving weight loss and physical activity goals in the DPP lifestyle participants. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Lifestyle participants (n = 1079; mean age = 50.6, BMI = 33.9, 68% female, and 46% from minority groups) had goals of 7% weight loss and 150 min/wk of physical activity. Goal achievement was assessed at the end of the 16-session core curriculum (approximately week 24) and the final intervention visit (mean = 3.2 years) as a function of demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral variables. RESULTS: Forty-nine percent met the weight loss goal and 74% met the activity goal initially, while 37% and 67%, respectively, met these goals long-term. Men and those with lower initial BMI were more likely to meet activity but not weight loss goals. Hispanic, Asian, and Native Americans were more likely to meet the long-term activity goals, and whites were more likely to meet the initial weight loss goal. In multivariate analyses, meeting the long-term weight loss goal and both activity goals increased with age, while psychosocial and depression measures were unrelated to goal achievement. Dietary self-monitoring was positively related to meeting both weight loss and activity goals, and meeting the activity goal was positively related to meeting the weight loss goal. Participants who met initial goals were 1.5 to 3.0 times more likely to meet these goals long-term. DISCUSSION: Success at meeting the weight loss and activity goals increased with age. Initial success predicted long-term success. Self-monitoring and meeting activity goals were related to achieving and sustaining weight loss.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/437/CN-00504437/frame.html										
T. Winsor and H. Berger	1975	Oral nitroglycerin as a prophylactic antianginal drug: clinical, physiologic, and statistical evidence of efficacy based on a three-phase experimental design		American heart journal			90		5	611-26						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Oral nitroglycerin as a prophylactic antianginal drug: clinical, physiologic, and statistical evidence of efficacy based on a three-phase experimental design								Pubmed 811102						CN-00012978				With the use of a three-phase experimental design, the efficacy of oral nitroglycerin has been evaluated in a total of 53 patients with documented angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease. The study were a double-blind, randomized, and cross-over comparison of controlled-release nitroglycerin (2.6 mg. tablets administered three times daily) and an indistinguishable placebo. Sixteen patients recorded anginal symptoms by the diary method over a 6 month trial of randomly sequenced 1 month periods of drug or placebo. In 15 patients, ST segments were monitored with a Holter dynamic electrocardiograph for periods of 10 to 12 hours under normal life style and evaluated by matching activities during periods of drug and placebo. In 22 patients, a multistage treadmill exercise test was conducted to an endpoint of anginal pain. The three phases of the investigation were run in succession; each phase was completed before the next one was begun. Oral nitroglycerin reduced the incidence and severity of anginal attacks by 47.2 and 49.4 per cent, respectively, and decreased the number of sublingual nitroglycerin tablets used by 51.1 per cent in comparison to placebo (p less than 0.001). Eleven of 16 patients (69 per cent) decreased their need for sublingual nitroglycerin by over 50 per cent. Based on a polynomial trend analysis over a period of 8 weeks, no tolerance to the therapeutic effects of the drug was found. With DCG monitoring, drug decreased the ST segment depression from 1.76 mm. on placebo to 1.12 mm, with a significant difference of 0.64 mm. (p less than 0.001). ST segment depression was decreased more than 0.5 mm. by drug in comparison to placebo in 10 of 15 patients (66 per cent). Larger depressions of the ST segment noted with placebo at heart rates greater than 80 beats per minute were prevented by administration of the drug. During treadmill exercise, drug delayed the onset of pain by 83 seconds (64 per cent) over placebo (p less than 0.001) and decreased the duration of pain by 70 seconds (49 per cent) in comparison to placebo (p less than 0.001). Drug did not affect heart rate or systolic blood pressure at rest or after exercise, as well as rate-pressure product for production of angina following exercise (p less than 0.05). There was no side effects reported caused by the drug. The data demonstrate that oral nitroglycerin, given as controlled-release tablets, was absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract in quantities sufficient to provide statistically significant clinical improvement of angina pectoris.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/978/CN-00012978/frame.html										
C. Winstein, S. Wolf, A. Dromerick, C. Lane, M. Nelsen, R. Lewthwaite, S. Blanton, C. Scott, A. Reiss, S. Cen, R. Holley and S. Azen	2013	Interdisciplinary Comprehensive Arm Rehabilitation Evaluation (ICARE): a randomized controlled trial protocol		BMC neurology			13			5						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Interdisciplinary Comprehensive Arm Rehabilitation Evaluation (ICARE): a randomized controlled trial protocol								Pubmed 23311856						CN-00966011				BACKGROUND: Residual disability after stroke is substantial; 65% of patients at 6 months are unable to incorporate the impaired upper extremity into daily activities. Task-oriented training programs are rapidly being adopted into clinical practice. In the absence of any consensus on the essential elements or dose of task-specific training, an urgent need exists for a well-designed trial to determine the effectiveness of a specific multidimensional task-based program governed by a comprehensive set of evidence-based principles. The Interdisciplinary Comprehensive Arm Rehabilitation Evaluation (ICARE) Stroke Initiative is a parallel group, three-arm, single blind, superiority randomized controlled trial of a theoretically-defensible, upper extremity rehabilitation program provided in the outpatient setting.The primary objective of ICARE is to determine if there is a greater improvement in arm and hand recovery one year after randomization in participants receiving a structured training program termed Accelerated Skill Acquisition Program (ASAP), compared to participants receiving usual and customary therapy of an equivalent dose (DEUCC). Two secondary objectives are to compare ASAP to a true (active monitoring only) usual and customary (UCC) therapy group and to compare DEUCC and UCC. METHODS/DESIGN: Following baseline assessment, participants are randomized by site, stratified for stroke duration and motor severity. 360 adults will be randomized, 14 to 106 days following ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke onset, with mild to moderate upper extremity impairment, recruited at sites in Atlanta, Los Angeles and Washington, D.C. The Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) time score is the primary outcome at 1 year post-randomization. The Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) hand domain is a secondary outcome measure.The design includes concealed allocation during recruitment, screening and baseline, blinded outcome assessment and intention to treat analyses. Our primary hypothesis is that the improvement in log-transformed WMFT time will be greater for the ASAP than the DEUCC group. This pre-planned hypothesis will be tested at a significance level of 0.05. DISCUSSION: ICARE will test whether ASAP is superior to the same number of hours of usual therapy. Pre-specified secondary analyses will test whether 30 hours of usual therapy is superior to current usual and customary therapy not controlled for dose. TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00871715			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/011/CN-00966011/frame.html										
C. C. Winter, M. Brandes, C. Muller, T. Schubert, M. Ringling, A. Hillmann, D. Rosenbaum and T. L. Schulte	2010	Walking ability during daily life in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or the hip and lumbar spinal stenosis: a cross sectional study		BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders			11			233						Comparative Study		Walking ability during daily life in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or the hip and lumbar spinal stenosis: a cross sectional study	BMC Musculoskelet Disord	1471-2474					PMC2958990							20939866				BACKGROUND: Degenerative musculoskeletal disorders are among the most frequent diseases occurring in adulthood, often impairing patients' functional mobility and physical activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the impact of three frequent degenerative musculoskeletal disorders--knee osteoarthritis (knee OA), hip osteoarthritis (hip OA) and lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS)--on patients' walking ability.
METHODS: The study included 120 participants, with 30 in each patient group and 30 healthy control individuals. A uniaxial accelerometer, the StepWatch Activity Monitor (Orthocare Innovations, Seattle, Washington, USA), was used to determine the volume (number of gait cycles per day) and intensity (gait cycles per minute) of walking ability. Non-parametric testing was used for all statistical analyses.
RESULTS: Both the volume and the intensity of walking ability were significantly lower among the patients in comparison with the healthy control individuals (p < 0.001). Patients with LSS spent 0.4 (IQR 2.8) min/day doing moderately intense walking (>50 gait cycles/min), which was significantly lower in comparison with patients with knee and hip OA at 2.5 (IQR 4.4) and 3.4 (IQR 16.1) min/day, respectively (p < 0.001). No correlations between demographic or anthropometric data and walking ability were found. No technical problems or measuring errors occurred with any of the measurements.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with degenerative musculoskeletal disorders suffer limitations in their walking ability. Objective assessment of walking ability appeared to be an easy and feasible tool for measuring such limitations as it provides baseline data and objective information that are more precise than the patients' own subjective estimates. In everyday practice, objective activity assessment can provide feedback for clinicians regarding patients' performance during everyday life and the extent to which this confirms the results of clinical investigations. The method can also be used as a way of encouraging patients to develop a more active lifestyle.	Winter, Corinna C
Brandes, Mirko
Muller, Carsten
Schubert, Tim
Ringling, Michael
Hillmann, Axel
Rosenbaum, Dieter
Schulte, Tobias L		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=20939866http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:20939866&id=doi:10.1186%2F1471-2474-11-233&issn=1471-2474&volume=11&issue=1&spage=233&pages=233&date=2010&title=BMC+Musculoskeletal+Disorders&atitle=Walking+ability+during+daily+life+in+patients+with+osteoarthritis+of+the+knee+or+the+hip+and+lumbar+spinal+stenosis%3A+a+cross+sectional+study.&aulast=Winter&pid=%3Cauthor%3EWinter+CC%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E20939866%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Orthopedics and Tumor Orthopedics, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Str, 33, 48149 Munster, Germany. winterco@uni-muenster.de						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

J. Witt, J. Guenette, J. Rupert, D. McKenzie and A. Sheel	2007	Inspiratory muscle training attenuates the human respiratory muscle metaboreflex		Journal of physiology			584		Pt 3	1019-28						Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Inspiratory muscle training attenuates the human respiratory muscle metaboreflex								Pubmed 17855758						CN-00619366				We hypothesized that inspiratory muscle training (IMT) would attenuate the sympathetically mediated heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) increases normally observed during fatiguing inspiratory muscle work. An experimental group (Exp, n = 8) performed IMT 6 days per week for 5 weeks at 50% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), while a control group (Sham, n = 8) performed IMT at 10% MIP. Pre- and post-training, subjects underwent a eucapnic resistive breathing task (RBT) (breathing frequency = 15 breaths min(-1), duty cycle = 0.70) while HR and MAP were continuously monitored. Following IMT, MIP increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the Exp group (-125 +/- 10 to -146 +/- 12 cmH(2)O; mean +/- s.e.m.) but not in the Sham group (-141 +/- 11 to -148 +/- 11 cmH(2)O). Prior to IMT, the RBT resulted in significant increases in HR (Sham: 59 +/- 2 to 83 +/- 4 beats min(-1); Exp: 62 +/- 3 to 83 +/- 4 beats min(-1)) and MAP (Sham: 88 +/- 2 to 106 +/- 3 mmHg; Exp: 84 +/- 1 to 99 +/- 3 mmHg) in both groups relative to rest. Following IMT, the Sham group observed similar HR and MAP responses to the RBT while the Exp group failed to increase HR and MAP to the same extent as before (HR: 59 +/- 3 to 74 +/- 2 beats min(-1); MAP: 84 +/- 1 to 89 +/- 2 mmHg). This attenuated cardiovascular response suggests a blunted sympatho-excitation to resistive inspiratory work. We attribute our findings to a reduced activity of chemosensitive afferents within the inspiratory muscles and may provide a mechanism for some of the whole-body exercise endurance improvements associated with IMT.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/366/CN-00619366/frame.html										
R. Wittke	1999	Effect of fluvastatin in combination with moderate endurance training on parameters of lipid metabolism		Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)			27		5	329-35						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial;		Effect of fluvastatin in combination with moderate endurance training on parameters of lipid metabolism								Pubmed 10368879						CN-00164282				OBJECTIVE: To establish whether patients receiving the cholesterol synthesis enzyme inhibitor fluvastatin 20 mg/day could obtain an additional improvement in their lipid pattern as a result of physical endurance training. DESIGN: This was an observational study using a before- and after-treatment comparison of fitness and lipid parameters in outpatients with dyslipidaemia who undertook an exercise programme with or without treatment with a lipid-lowering drug. STUDY PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 18 sedentary [maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) < 30 ml/kg bodyweight per minute] men (age range 38 to 65 years) with dyslipidaemia but without overt cardiovascular disease. INTERVENTIONS: All participants undertook a 1-hour bout of endurance training twice a week for 3 months. The training involved a circuit using various ergometers, with continuous monitoring of pulse rate, at an exercise intensity of 2 to 3 mmol/L lactate. The control group (n = 6) received no drug treatment; they completed the training programme only. The pretreatment group (n = 6) comprised participants who had already been treated with fluvastatin 20 mg/day for at least 3 months before beginning the training programme. The treatment group (n = 6) received fluvastatin 20 mg/day from the beginning of the training programme. All participants were required to comply with the exercise programme and with a standardised carbohydrate-loaded diet together with restriction of alcohol consumption to a maximum of 20 ml/day. RESULTS: In the control group, increased physical activity alone reduced serum triglyceride (TG) levels (-24.7%) and increased serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (+19.3%). There was a smaller effect on serum low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (-12.8%). Similar but smaller effects were observed in the pretreatment group (i.e. patients previously treated with fluvastatin): TG -12.88%, HDL-C +13.81%, LDL-C -8.7%. Marked changes were observed in the treatment group: TG -33.1%, HDL-C +34.7%, LDL-C -40.5%, total cholesterol -30.5%. CONCLUSIONS: A reduction of serum LDL-C level in the target range of -30 to -40% cannot be achieved by this intensity of training alone. In combination with fluvastatin 20 mg/day, however, the positive effects on lipid metabolism are potentiated. Thus, treatment with fluvastatin combined with moderate endurance training is a rational mode of therapy, particularly in patients with a highly pathological lipid profile.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/282/CN-00164282/frame.html										
S. Wolf, H. Barnhart, N. Kutner, E. McNeely, C. Coogler and T. Xu	2003	Selected as the best paper in the 1990s: Reducing frailty and falls in older persons: an investigation of tai chi and computerized balance training		Journal of the American Geriatrics Society			51		12	1794-803						Biography; Classical Article; Clinical Trial; Historical Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Selected as the best paper in the 1990s: Reducing frailty and falls in older persons: an investigation of tai chi and computerized balance training								Pubmed 14687360						CN-00559468				OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of two exercise approaches, tai chi (TC) and computerized balance training (BT), on specified primary outcomes (biomedical, functional, and psychosocial indicators of frailty) and secondary outcomes (occurrences of fall). DESIGN: The Atlanta Frailty and Injuries: Cooperative Studies and Intervention Techniques, a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial with three arms (TC, BT, and education (ED)). Intervention length was 15 weeks, with primary outcomes measured before and after intervention and at 4-month follow-up. Falls were monitored continuously throughout the study. SETTING: Persons aged 70 and older living in the community. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 200 participants, 162 women and 38 men; mean age was 76.2. MEASUREMENTS: Biomedical (strength, flexibility, cardiovascular endurance, body composition), functional instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and psychosocial well-being (Center for Epidemiological Studies for Depression scale, fear of falling questionnaire, self-perception of present and future health, mastery index, perceived quality of sleep, and intrusiveness) variables. RESULTS: Grip strength declined in all groups, and lower extremity range of motion showed limited but statistically significant changes. Lowered blood pressure before and after a 12-minute walk was seen following TC participation. Fear of falling responses and intrusiveness responses were reduced after the TC intervention compared with the ED group (P=.046 and P=.058, respectively). After adjusting for fall risk factors, TC was found to reduce the risk of multiple falls by 47.5%. CONCLUSION: A moderate TC intervention can impact favorably on defined biomedical and psychosocial indices of frailty. This intervention can also have favorable effects upon the occurrence of falls. TC warrants further study as an exercise treatment to improve the health of older people.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/468/CN-00559468/frame.html										
L. Wolfenden, J. Wiggers, C. Paul, M. Freund, C. Lecathelinais, P. Wye and K. Gillham	2012	Increasing the use of preventative health services to promote healthy eating, physical activity and weight management: the acceptability and potential effectiveness of a proactive telemarketing approach		BMC public health			12			953						Randomized Controlled Trial		Increasing the use of preventative health services to promote healthy eating, physical activity and weight management: the acceptability and potential effectiveness of a proactive telemarketing approach								Pubmed 23134686						CN-00841811				BACKGROUND: Telephone based interventions are effective in promoting health behaviours. The use of telephone based support services to promote healthy eating, activity or weight loss, however, are currently under-utilised. The aim of this study was to assess the acceptability and potential effectiveness of a telemarketing approach in increasing community use of proactive services to encourage healthy eating, physical activity and weight loss. METHODS: The study employed a cross sectional design. Eligible consenting participants completed a 15 minute telephone survey conducted by trained telephone interviewers using computer assisted telephone interviewing technology. RESULTS: Overall, 87% of participants considered it acceptable for a health service to contact people by telephone to offer assistance to help them lose weight, eat healthily or be more physically active. Among participants with inadequate fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity or who were overweight, 64%, 54% and 61% respectively reported that they would use one or more of the proactive support services offered. Females and those from non -English speaking households who did not eat sufficient serves were significantly more likely to report that they would use support services. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that proactive telemarketing of health services to facilitate healthy eating, physical activity or weight loss is considered highly acceptable and may be effective in encouraging service use by more than half of all adults with these behavioural risks.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/811/CN-00841811/frame.html										
K. Wolin, C. Fagin, A. James and D. Early	2012	Promoting physical activity in patients with colon adenomas: a randomized pilot intervention trial		PloS one			7		7	e39719						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Promoting physical activity in patients with colon adenomas: a randomized pilot intervention trial								Pubmed 22808053						CN-00848462				BACKGROUND: Physical activity decreases risk of colon polyps and colon cancer and might reduce risk of colon cancer recurrence. Focusing on recent calls for translation of epidemiologic evidence into clinical care, our pilot study delivered an evidence-based physical activity intervention in adults with polyps, who are thus at elevated risk of developing colon cancer. The objective was to evaluate change in physical activity, measured by steps per day and minutes of moderate/vigorous physical activity. METHODS: Sixteen adults with adenomas detected and removed at screening colonoscopy were recruited to a 12-week physical activity intervention. Participants were randomized to receive a standard (30 minutes/day) or high (60 minutes/day) walking program. Physical activity was measured via blinded pedometer and accelerometer at baseline and follow-up. Intervention messages focused on self-monitoring using pedometers and overcoming barriers to engaging in physical activity. RESULTS: Participants in both arms significantly increased objectively measured minutes of moderate/vigorous physical activity over the course of the intervention. Both arms exceeded the intervention goal, but there was not a significant difference between arms at follow-up. Results were similar for pedometer measured physical activity, with a significant overall increase in steps/day from baseline to follow-up, but no between arm difference in change. CONCLUSION: Simple interventions of minimal contact time focusing on walking can significantly increase physical activity in individuals at increased risk of developing colon cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01476631.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/462/CN-00848462/frame.html										
F. Wong, M. Mok, T. Chan and M. Tsang	2005	Nurse follow-up of patients with diabetes: randomized controlled trial		Journal of advanced nursing			50		4	391-402						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Nurse follow-up of patients with diabetes: randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 15842446						CN-00513381				AIM: This paper reports a study comparing the outcomes of diabetic patients undergoing either early discharge or routine care. BACKGROUND: The hospital is not the best place to monitor the glycaemic control of patients with diabetes with no other morbidity or complications. It is an unnatural environment in which diet is planned and the activity level is low. The hospital is also an expensive place in which to treat patients. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in the medical department of a regional hospital in Hong Kong. A total of 101 patients who needed glycaemic monitoring, but who were otherwise fit for discharge, were recruited. The control group continued to receive routine hospital care. The study group was discharged early and received a follow-up programme which included a weekly or biweekly telephone call from a nurse. FINDINGS: When compared with the control group, the study group had a greater decrease in HbA1c at 24 weeks, although the statistical difference was marginal (7.6 vs. 8.1, P = 0.06), a higher blood monitoring adherence score at both 12 weeks (5.4 vs. 3.6, P < 0.001) and 24 weeks (5.3 vs. 3.5, P < 0.001), and a higher exercise adherence score at 12 weeks (5.3 vs. 3.4, P = 0.001) and 24 weeks (5.5 vs. 3.2, P < 0.001). The study group had a shorter hospital stay (2.2 vs. 5.9, P < 0.001), and the net savings were HK$11,888 per patient. CONCLUSION: It is feasible to integrate treatment into the real life environments of patients with diabetes, and nurse-led transitional care is a practical and cost-effective model. Nurse follow-up is effective in maintaining optimal glycaemic control and enhancing adherence to health behaviours. Management of glycaemic control is better done in the community than in the hospital.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/381/CN-00513381/frame.html										
J. Woo, M. Sea, P. Tong, G. Ko, Z. Lee, J. Chan and F. Chow	2007	Effectiveness of a lifestyle modification programme in weight maintenance in obese subjects after cessation of treatment with Orlistat		Journal of evaluation in clinical practice			13		6	853-9						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Effectiveness of a lifestyle modification programme in weight maintenance in obese subjects after cessation of treatment with Orlistat								Pubmed 18070255						CN-00621668				OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of a lifestyle modification programme in weight maintenance for obese subjects after cessation of treatment with Orlistat. METHODS: Fifty-five subjects with and without diabetes mellitus were randomized to a lifestyle modification programme or to usual care at the end of 6 months' treatment with Orlistat. The intervention programme was nutritionist led, consisting of components of dietary management, physical activity, peer group support and discussion using techniques of self-monitoring, stimulus control and cognitive restructuring. Anthropometric indices, body composition, basal metabolic rate, blood pressure, fasting glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, lipid profile, 24-hour urinary albumin excretion, dietary intake, physical activity level, and quality of life were assessed before and after the intervention period. Results Subjects in the intervention group maintained their weight loss and favourable anthropometric, metabolic, dietary intake, physical activity and quality of life profiles, while most parameters deteriorated in the usual care group, being more marked in subjects with diabetes. The magnitude of weight gain was comparable to that lost during Orlistat treatment. CONCLUSION: A specially designed nutritionist-led lifestyle modification programme for obese subjects is effective in weight maintenance after treatment with Orlistat, in the absence of which the benefits of drug treatment were lost. The magnitude of the effect of lifestyle modification is comparable to that observed with Orlistat.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/668/CN-00621668/frame.html										
R. Woo, J. Garrow and F. Pi-Sunyer	1982	Effect of exercise on spontaneous calorie intake in obesity		American journal of clinical nutrition			36		3	470-7						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Effect of exercise on spontaneous calorie intake in obesity								Pubmed 7113952						CN-00403134				The effect of increased physical activity on energy intake and balance was investigated in six obese women (mean 167% above ideal body weight) voluntarily hospitalized for metabolic balance studies. Three 19-day treatments-one sedentary and two with treadmill exercise which increased daily expenditure to 110% (mild) and 125% (moderate) of sedentary expenditure-were imposed on each subject. Individual daily expenditure and ad libitum intake were determined by activity diaries and covert monitoring, respectively. Subjects selected and did not not change an intake level which allowed for energy balance during the sedentary period only. Therefore, the difference between intake and expenditure between treatments was significantly different (sedentary 11, mild -114, and moderate -369 kcal/day). The negative balance observed with mild and moderate exercise was obtained because while expenditure was raised with exercise, no compensatory increase in intake occurred. Moderate, realistic levels of activity did not regulate intake.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/134/CN-00403134/frame.html										
C. Wood	1986	Evaluation of meditation and relaxation on physiological response during the performance of fine motor and gross motor tasks		Perceptual and motor skills			62		1	91-8						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Evaluation of meditation and relaxation on physiological response during the performance of fine motor and gross motor tasks								Pubmed 3515311						CN-00042214				This study investigated the effects of meditation/relaxation on physiological responses during the performance of a fine motor and a gross motor task. A pretest-posttest control group, randomized-blocks design was used to study a group of 16 meditators and a group of 16 nonmeditators, subgroups of each who relaxed prior to performing on a pursuit-rotor tracking device as a fine motor task and to performing the Luft cycle ergometer protocol to a heart rate of 70% of age-adjusted maximum heart rate as a gross motor task. During each of these tasks heart rate, systolic blood pressure, rate-pressure-product, and EMG activity of the frontalis muscle were monitored. No significant difference in the performance of either the fine motor or the gross motor task was noted for persons practicing meditation and persons who were nonmeditators but were given the opportunity to relax prior to a motor task. Likewise, no significant difference was noted in the pattern of response to the imposed fine motor or gross motor task by meditators or relaxed nonmeditators.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/214/CN-00042214/frame.html										
D. Woodgate and J. Conquer	2003	Effects of a stimulant-free dietary supplement on body weight and fat loss in obese adults: A six-week exploratory study		Current Therapeutic Research - Clinical and Experimental			64		4	248-62						Journal: Article		Effects of a stimulant-free dietary supplement on body weight and fat loss in obese adults: A six-week exploratory study														CN-00474010				Background: Obesity is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, osteoarthritis, and stroke. Stimulants, such as ephedrine and caffeine and their herbal counterparts, have proved effective in facilitating body weight loss, but their use is controversial due to their undesired effects. Other nutraceuticals have shown moderate success in reducing body weight, whereas several other compounds have demonstrated little or no effect. Therefore, a tolerable and effective nutraceutical that can increase energy expenditure and/or decrease caloric intake is desirable for body weight reduction. Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to assess the tolerability and effectiveness of a novel, stimulant-free, dietary supplement containing glucomannan, chitosan, fenugreek, Gymnema sylvestre, and vitamin C on body weight and fat loss and change in body composition in obese adults. Methods: In this single-center, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted at the University of Guelph (Guelph, Ontario, Canada), obese adults (aged 20-50 years; body mass index [BMI], >30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) were randomized to the treatment or placebo group. The treatment group received 6 capsules of a dietary supplement containing a proprietary blend of glucomannan, chitosan, fenugreek, G sylvestre, and vitamin C daily for 6 weeks, and the placebo group received 6 capsules of rice flour daily for 6 weeks. Body weight; percentage of body fat; absolute fat mass; lean body mass; BMI; upper abdominal, waist, and hip circumference; and anthropometric measurements were recorded at baseline and at study end. Patients completed daily dietary intake records on days 1 to 3 and days 40 to 42. They also completed weekly activity logs throughout the study. Results: Twenty-four subjects (mean [SD] age, 37.0 [8.2] years [range, 21-48 years]; mean [SD] BMI, 35.7 [6.2] kg/m<sup>2</sup> [range, 28.9-50.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>]) were assigned to the treatment group (8 women, 4 men) or the placebo group (9 women, 3 men). Two subjects (8.3%; 1 patient [8.3%] from each group) dropped out for personal reasons unrelated to the study. No significant changes in the consumption of total calories; the percentage of calories ingested as carbohydrates, fat, or protein; or activity levels were found in either group throughout the study. Compared with the placebo group, the treatment group lost significantly more body weight (-2.3 kg vs 0.0 kg; P < 0.01), percentage of body fat (-1.1% vs 0.2%; P < 0.05), and absolute fat mass (-2.0 kg vs 0.2 kg; P < 0.001). The treatment group also experienced a significantly greater reduction in upper abdominal circumference (-4.5 cm vs -0.7 cm), waist circumference (-4.1 cm vs 0.1 cm), and hip circumference (-2.9 cm vs 0.6 cm) compared with the placebo group (P < 0.05 for all). No significant changes in heart rate or blood pressure were found in either group. Both the treatment and the placebo were well tolerated. Conclusion: Within the context of this study, the novel combination of glucomannan, chitosan, fenugreek, G sylvestre, and vitamin C results in significant body weight and fat loss in obese adults. Copyright 2003 Excerpta Medica, Inc.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/010/CN-00474010/frame.html										
D. Woods and M. Dimond	2002	The effect of therapeutic touch on agitated behavior and cortisol in persons with Alzheimer's disease		Biological research for nursing			4		2	104-14						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial;		The effect of therapeutic touch on agitated behavior and cortisol in persons with Alzheimer's disease								Pubmed 12408216						CN-00410996				Agitated behavior in persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents a challenge to current interventions. Recent developments in neuroendocrinology suggest that changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis alter the responses of persons with AD to stress. Given the deleterious effects of pharmacological interventions in this vulnerable population, it is essential to explore noninvasive treatments for their potential to decrease a hyperresponsiveness to stress and indirectly decrease detrimental cortisol levels. This within-subject, interrupted time-series study was conducted to test the efficacy of therapeutic touch on decreasing the frequency of agitated behavior and salivary and urine cortisol levels in persons with AD. Ten subjects who were 71 to 84 years old and resided in a special care unit were observed every 20 minutes for 10 hours a day, were monitored 24 hours a day for physical activity, and had samples for salivary and urine cortisol taken daily. The study occurred in 4 phases: 1) baseline (4 days), 2) treatment (therapeutic touch for 5 to 7 minutes 2 times a day for 3 days), 3) posttreatment (11 days), and 4) post- "wash-out" (3 days). An analysis of variance for repeated measures indicated a significant decrease in overall agitated behavior and in 2 specific behaviors, vocalization and pacing or walking, during treatment and posttreatment. A decreasing trend over time was notedfor salivary and urine cortisol. Although this study does not provide direct clinical evidence to support dysregulation in the HPA axis, it does suggest that environmental and behavioral interventions such as therapeutic touch have the potential to decrease vocalization and pacing, 2 prevalent behaviors, and may mitigate cortisol levels in persons with AD.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/996/CN-00410996/frame.html										
M. Woolley, S. Anderson and B. Quigley	1990	Duration of protective effect of terbutaline sulfate and cromolyn sodium alone and in combination on exercise-induced asthma		Chest			97		1	39-45								Duration of protective effect of terbutaline sulfate and cromolyn sodium alone and in combination on exercise-induced asthma														CN-00189690				For subjects with EIA participating in physical activities throughout the day, prolonged duration of protection is desirable. The purpose of this study was to determine whether in EIA a combination of the recommended aerosol doses of the beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist, terbutaline sulfate (0.5 mg), and cromolyn sodium (disodium cromoglycate; 2 mg) provides longer protection against EIA than either drug alone. On four separate days, following the administration of either placebo, terbutaline alone, cromolyn sodium alone or terbutaline and cromolyn sodium together, 12 subjects (seven men and five women; aged 18 to 28 years) with EIA performed four identical eight minute treadmill runs, each separated by two-hour intervals. Drug treatments were given double-blind, with the order counterbalanced using a Latin-square design. Pulmonary function was recorded before the drug, immediately before and after exercise, and at 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 15, and 30 minutes after exercise. Inspired ventilation, heart rate, and environmental conditions were monitored during exercise. A two-way analysis of variance was performed to investigate the main effects of time and drug treatment. Results indicated that in comparison with placebo, EIA was significantly reduced by either cromolyn sodium or terbutaline administered up to two hours (p < 0.01) and by the combination (cromolyn sodium and terbutaline) up to four hours after inhalation (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the combination and terbutaline during the initial two hours (p < 0.5). We conclude that a combination of beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist and cromolyn sodium is the treatment of choice for prolonged effective protection from EIA. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B. V., Amsterdam. All Rights Reserved.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/690/CN-00189690/frame.html										
P. Wright, J. Caldwell and R. Miller	1994	Onset and duration of rocuronium and succinylcholine at the adductor pollicis and laryngeal adductor muscles in anesthetized humans		Anesthesiology			81		5	1110-5						Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Onset and duration of rocuronium and succinylcholine at the adductor pollicis and laryngeal adductor muscles in anesthetized humans								Pubmed 7978469						CN-00107279				BACKGROUND: Rocuronium, a new nondepolarizing muscle relaxant, has a rapid onset of activity and may be suitable as a component of a rapid-sequence induction of anesthesia. We evaluated a range of doses on onset and duration of effect at the larynx and the adductor pollicis and compared these characteristics with those of succinylcholine. METHODS: Forty-eight patients aged 18-70 yr, of ASA physical status 1-3, were randomly allocated to receive succinylcholine (1 mg/kg) or one of three doses of rocuronium (0.4, 0.8, or 1.2 mg/kg) during surgery. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol and fentanyl. The trachea was intubated without the use of muscle relaxants, and the cuff of the endotracheal tube placed between the vocal cords. Neuromuscular transmission was monitored by mechanomyography at the laryngeal adductor and adductor pollicis muscles. Muscular activity was evoked with supramaximal stimuli in a train-of-four sequence every 12 s to the anterior branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the ulner nerve. RESULTS: At the laryngeal adductors, peak effect exceeded 99% in all patients given succinylcholine and in none (0%), five (42%), and ten (83%) of those given rocuronium 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 mg/kg, respectively. At the adductor pollicis, peak effect exceeded 99% in all study patients except two who received rocuronium 0.4 mg/kg (peak effects 91% and 97%). Onset of effect with succinylcholine was significantly more rapid at the laryngeal adductors (34 +/- 12 s, mean +/- SD) than at the adductor pollicis (56 +/- 15 s); this was true also for rocuronium 0.4 mg/kg (92 +/- 29 s and 155 +/- 40 s for the laryngeal adductors and adductor pollicis, respectively). Onset times were similar at the two muscle groups with rocuronium 0.8 and 1.2 mg.kg-1: 96 +/- 29 and 74 +/- 36 s with 0.8 mg/kg and 54 +/- 30 and 65 +/- 21 s with 1.2 mg/kg at the laryngeal adductors and the adductor pollicis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The laryngeal adductors are more resistant to the action of rocuronium than is the adductor pollicis. Consequently, the onset of effect of rocuronium, in doses greater than 0.8 mg/kg, is similar to that of succinylcholine at the adductor pollicis but is significantly delayed compared with that of succinylcholine at the laryngeal adductors.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/279/CN-00107279/frame.html										
J. Wylie-Rosett, C. Swencionis, M. Ginsberg, C. Cimino, S. Wassertheil-Smoller, A. Caban, C. Segal-Isaacson, T. Martin and J. Lewis	2001	Computerized weight loss intervention optimizes staff time: the clinical and cost results of a controlled clinical trial conducted in a managed care setting		Journal of the American Dietetic Association			101		10	1155-62; quiz 1163-4						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Computerized weight loss intervention optimizes staff time: the clinical and cost results of a controlled clinical trial conducted in a managed care setting								Pubmed 11678486						CN-00374775				OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the costs and effects of incremental components of a weight-loss program. DESIGN: A 3-arm, 12-month randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate 3 incremental levels of intervention intensity. SUBJECTS/SETTING: The study included 588 individuals (BMI > 25 kg/m2) in a freestanding health maintenance organizalion and achieved an 81% completion rate. INTERVENTION: Using a cognitive behavioral approach for tailoring lifestyle modification goals, the incremental levels of intervention included a) a workbook alone, b) the addition of computerized tailoring using onsite computer kiosks with touch screen monitors, and c) the addition of both computers and staff consultation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Endpoints included weight parameters, lipid profile, plasma glucose, blood pressure, intervention costs, dietary intake, and physical activity. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PERFORMED: Study endpoints were analyzed using analysis of variance for normally distributed variables and analysis of covariance to control for any baseline differences. Regression and correlation analysis assessed the relationship between weight loss and other variables. RESULTS: For the increasing levels of intervention intensity, the mean 12-month weight losses were 2.2, 4.7, and 7.4 pounds, with the respective cost per participant being $12.33, $41.99, and $133.74. The decreases in mean BMIs for these respective intervelation levels were 0.4, 0.9 and 1.2. All groups reported a decrease in energy and fat intake and an increase in blocks walked (P<.01). Intervention variables that correlated with weight loss included more computer log-ons, achieving computer-selected goals, more self-monitoring, increased walking, and decreased energy and fat intake, as well as higher attendance in staff consultation group sessions for that treatment condition. Weight loss correlated with decreases in fasting glucose and blood pressure. APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: In a weight-loss program, computers can facilitate selecting behavioral change goals. More frequent usage resulted in greater weight loss. Staff counseling to augment the computer intervention achieved the most weight loss.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/775/CN-00374775/frame.html										
K. Wynne, A. Park, C. Small, K. Meeran, M. Ghatei, G. Frost and S. Bloom	2006	Oxyntomodulin increases energy expenditure in addition to decreasing energy intake in overweight and obese humans: a randomised controlled trial		International journal of obesity (2005)			30		12	1729-36						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Oxyntomodulin increases energy expenditure in addition to decreasing energy intake in overweight and obese humans: a randomised controlled trial								Pubmed 16619056						CN-00608710				BACKGROUND: Oxyntomodulin has recently been found to decrease body-weight in obese humans and may be a potential anti-obesity therapy. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether oxyntomodulin alters energy expenditure, in addition to reducing energy intake, in 'free-living' overweight and obese volunteers. DESIGN: Randomized double-blind controlled cross-over trial. SETTING: Community and hospital-based. PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen healthy overweight and obese men and women (age: 23-49 years, BMI: 25.1-39.0 kg/m(2)). All volunteers completed the study protocol. INTERVENTIONs: Four-day subcutaneous self-administration of pre-prandial oxyntomodulin, three times daily. Participants were advised to maintain their normal dietary and exercise regimen. MEASUREMENTS: (1) Energy expenditure, measured by indirect calorimetry and combined heart rate and movement monitoring; (2) energy intake, measured during a study meal. RESULTS: Oxyntomodulin administration reduced energy intake at the study meal by 128+/-29 kcal (P=0.0006) or 17.3+/-5.5% (P=0.0071), with no change in meal palatability. Oxyntomodulin did not alter resting energy expenditure; but increased activity-related energy expenditure by 143+/-109 kcal/day or 26.2+/-9.9% (P=0.0221); total energy expenditure by 9.4+/-4.8% (P=0.0454) and physical activity level by 9.5+/-4.6% (P=0.0495). A reduction in body weight of 0.5+/-0.2% was observed during the oxyntomodulin administration period (P=0.0232). CONCLUSIOn: Oxyntomodulin increases energy expenditure while reducing energy intake resulting in negative energy balance. This data supports the role of oxyntomodulin as a potential anti-obesity therapy.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/710/CN-00608710/frame.html										
S. Yalon-Chamovitz and P. Weiss	2008	Virtual reality as a leisure activity for young adults with physical and intellectual disabilities		Research in developmental disabilities			29		3	273-87						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Virtual reality as a leisure activity for young adults with physical and intellectual disabilities								Pubmed 17590313						CN-00706616				Participation in leisure activities is a fundamental human right and an important factor of quality of life. Adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) and physical disabilities often experience limited opportunities to participate in leisure activities, virtual reality (VR) technologies may serve to broaden their repertoire of accessible leisure activities. Although the use of VR in rehabilitation has grown over the past decade, few applications have been reported for people with ID. Thirty-three men and women with moderate ID and severe cerebral palsy participated in the study. Each participant in the experimental group (n=17) took part in VR activity two to three times weekly for 12 weeks. Virtual games were provided via GestureTek's Gesture Xtreme video capture VR system. The VR-based activities were perceived by the participants to be enjoyable and successful. Moreover, participants demonstrated clear preferences, initiation and learning. They performed consistently and maintained a high level of interest throughout the intervention period. VR appears to provide varied and motivating opportunities for leisure activities among young adults with intellectual and physical disabilities. Its ease of use and adaptability make it a feasible option for this population.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/616/CN-00706616/frame.html										
L. Yang, S. Griffin, C. Chapman and D. Ogilvie	2012	The feasibility of rapid baseline objective physical activity measurement in a natural experimental study of a commuting population		BMC Public Health			12			841						Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The feasibility of rapid baseline objective physical activity measurement in a natural experimental study of a commuting population	BMC Public Health	1471-2458					PMC3524024							23036074				BACKGROUND: Studies of the effects of environmental interventions on physical activity should include valid measures of physical activity before and after the intervention. Baseline data collection can be difficult when the timetable for introduction of an intervention is outside researchers' control. This paper reports and reflects on the practical issues, challenges and results of rapid baseline objective physical activity measurement using accelerometers distributed by post in a natural experimental study.
METHODS: A sample of working adults enrolling for the Commuting and Health in Cambridge study and expressing willingness to wear an activity monitor was selected to undertake baseline accelerometer assessment. Each selected participant received a study pack by post containing the core study questionnaire and an accelerometer to wear for seven consecutive days, and was asked to return their accelerometer and completed questionnaire in person or by post using the prepaid special delivery envelope provided. If a pack was not returned within two weeks of issue, a reminder was sent to the participant. Each participant received up to five reminders by various methods including letter, email, telephone and letter sent by recorded delivery.
RESULTS: 95% of participants registering for the study were willing in principle to undertake accelerometer assessment. Using a pool of 221 accelerometers, we achieved a total of 714 issues of accelerometers to participants during a six month period. 116 (16%) participants declined to use the accelerometer after receiving it. Three accelerometers failed, 45 (6% of 714) were lost and many were returned with insufficient data recorded, resulted in 109 (15%) participants re-wearing their accelerometer for a second week of measurement. 550 (77%) participants completed data collection, 478 (87% of 550) to the required standard. A total of 694 reminders were issued to retrieve unreturned accelerometers. More than 90% of accelerometers were retrieved after a maximum of two reminders.
CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to use accelerometers to collect baseline objective physical activity data by post from a large number of participants in a limited time period. However, a substantial pool of devices is required and researchers need to be prepared to make significant efforts to recover some of the devices.	Yang, Lin
Griffin, Simon
Chapman, Cheryl
Ogilvie, David
U106179474 (United Kingdom Medical Research Council)
(United Kingdom British Heart Foundation)
(United Kingdom Wellcome Trust)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23036074http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23036074&id=doi:10.1186%2F1471-2458-12-841&issn=1471-2458&volume=12&issue=1&spage=841&pages=841&date=2012&title=BMC+Public+Health&atitle=The+feasibility+of+rapid+baseline+objective+physical+activity+measurement+in+a+natural+experimental+study+of+a+commuting+population.&aulast=Yang&pid=%3Cauthor%3EYang+L%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23036074%3C%2FAN%3E		MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

T. Yates, M. Davies, T. Gorely, D. Talbot, F. Bull, N. Sattar and K. Khunti	2010	The effect of increased ambulatory activity on markers of chronic low-grade inflammation: evidence from the PREPARE programme randomized controlled trial		Diabetic medicine			27		11	1256-63						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		The effect of increased ambulatory activity on markers of chronic low-grade inflammation: evidence from the PREPARE programme randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 20950383						CN-00772809				AIMS: To investigate whether an exercise intervention programme, with or without pedometer use, is effective at reducing chronic low-grade inflammation in those with impaired glucose tolerance. METHODS: Using baseline and 12-month data from the Pre-diabetes Risk Education and Physical Activity Recommendation and Encouragement (PREPARE) programme randomized controlled trial, we investigated whether the pedometer or the standard version of the PREPARE programme is associated with reduced chronic low-grade inflammation. Outcomes included interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, fasting and 2 h post-challenge glucose values and objectively measured ambulatory activity. RESULTS: Seventy-four participants (31% female; mean age, 65 years; body mass index, 29.3 ± 4.8 kg/m(2) ) were included, of which 26 were in the control group and 24 were in each intervention group. At 12 months there was an increase in ambulatory activity of 1351 and 1849 steps/day in the standard and pedometer group, respectively, compared with control conditions; however, there was no significant change in markers of chronic low-grade inflammation. Across the pooled study sample, change in ambulatory activity was significantly correlated with change in interleukin-6 (r = -0.32, P = 0.01) after adjustment for group, age, sex, ethnicity, aspirin and statin medication, baseline body mass index and change in body mass index. Change in interleukin-6 was also significantly correlated with change in 2 h glucose after adjustment for the same variables (r = 0.26, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: This study failed to show reductions in markers of chronic low-grade inflammation following an intervention that promoted modest increases in ambulatory activity; however, across the study sample, increased ambulatory activity was associated with reduced interleukin-6, independent of obesity.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/809/CN-00772809/frame.html										
T. Yates, M. Davies, T. Gorely, F. Bull and K. Khunti	2008	Rationale, design and baseline data from the Pre-diabetes Risk Education and Physical Activity Recommendation and Encouragement (PREPARE) programme study: a randomized controlled trial		Patient education and counseling			73		2	264-71						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Rationale, design and baseline data from the Pre-diabetes Risk Education and Physical Activity Recommendation and Encouragement (PREPARE) programme study: a randomized controlled trial								Pubmed 18653305						CN-00683316				OBJECTIVE: The PREPARE programme study is a randomized controlled trial which aims to determine whether structured education can be used to increase physical activity and improve glucose tolerance in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). This paper outlines the rationale, design and baseline data from the PREPARE programme study. METHODS: Individuals with IGT were recruited from ongoing diabetes screening programmes. Outcomes included an oral glucose tolerance test, physical activity (piezoelectric pedometer) and psychological determinants. RESULTS: 103 individuals (male n = 65; female n = 38) were recruited, 28% of whom were from a South Asian ethnic background. At baseline the participants' mean age and BMI were 64 +/- 9 years and 29.4 +/- 4.5 kg/m2 respectively. Steps per day were associated with 2-h glucose (p = -0.22, p = 0.03), fasting glucose (p = 0.22, p = 0.04), HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.23, p = 0.02), triglycerides (p = -0.22, p = 0.03) and body fat percentage (p = -0.26, p = 0.01). Mean self-efficacy scores were significantly (p < 0.01) higher for walking than for any other form of exercise. Participants reported high levels of concern about their IGT status but were confident that exercise would help treat/control IGT. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the importance of developing effective physical activity and self-management programmes for individuals with IGT. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: This study provides a detailed framework for the promotion of physical activity in a population identified with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes which, if successful, could feasibly be implemented in a primary health care or community setting.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/316/CN-00683316/frame.html										
S. Yeo	2006	A randomized comparative trial of the efficacy and safety of exercise during pregnancy: design and methods		Contemporary clinical trials			27		6	531-40						Comparative Study; Randomized Controlled Trial		A randomized comparative trial of the efficacy and safety of exercise during pregnancy: design and methods								Pubmed 16861054						CN-00571271				Use of an exercise intervention for high-risk and vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women at risk for gestational hypertension or preeclampsia, requires special consideration. A comparative trial testing the effects of two types of physical exercises - stretching (a comparator) and walking (a testing intervention) - for sedentary pregnant women at risk for preeclampsia - is presented in this paper. The study was designed to reduce post-randomization bias and dropout rates from both groups, and closely to monitor safety of subjects. The strengths of the study design and methods include use of a run-in phase; use of a stretching exercise as a comparator; multiple ways to measure daily physical activities and the exercise intervention; and tailored support to remove barriers to exercise for subjects. The intervention consists of 40 min of walking at moderate intensity (i.e., 55-69% of maximum heart rate and rating of perceived exhaustion 12-13) five times a week from 18 weeks gestation until birth. The comparator exercise consists of 40 min of stretching exercise without increasing heart rate to more than 10% of resting heart rate, five times a week from 18 weeks gestation until birth. The primary outcome is the incidence of preeclampsia. Secondary outcomes include the physiologic effects of the intervention and birth outcomes.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/271/CN-00571271/frame.html										
S. Yeung, A. Au and C. Chow	1999	Effects of fatigue on the temporal neuromuscular control of vastus medialis muscle in humans		European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology			80		4	379-85						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial		Effects of fatigue on the temporal neuromuscular control of vastus medialis muscle in humans								Pubmed 10483810						CN-00167393				The effects of muscle fatigue on the temporal neuromuscular control of the vastus medialis (VM) muscle were investigated in 19 young male subjects. The electromyogram (EMG) activities of VM and the force generation capacities of the quadriceps muscle were monitored before and after a fatigue protocol. In response to light signals, which were triggered randomly, the subjects made three maximal isometric knee extensions. This was then followed by the fatigue protocol which consisted of 30 isometric maximal voluntary contractions at a sequence of 5-s on and 5-s off. Immediately after the exercise to fatigue, the subjects performed another three maximal isometric contractions in response to the light signals. The effects of fatigue on the temporal neuromuscular control were then investigated by dividing the total reaction time (TRT) into premotor time (PMT) and electromechanical delay (EMD). The TRT was defined as the time interval between the light signal and the onset of the knee extension force. The PMT was defined as the time from the light signal to the onset of EMG activities of VM, and EMD as the time interval between onset of EMG activities to that of force generation. Following the contractions to fatigue there was a significant decrease in peak force (Fpeak, P = 0.016), an increase in the root mean square (rms)-EMG: Fpeak quotient (P = 0.001) but an insignificant change in the median frequency (P = 0.062) and rms-EMG (P = 0.119). Significant lengthening of mean EMD was found after the fatigue protocol [0.0396 (SD 0.009) vs. 0.0518 (SD 0.016) s P<0.001]. The lengthening of EMD in VM would affect the stabilizing effect of the patella during knee extension. The faster mean PMT [0.2445 (SD 0.093) vs. 0.2075 (SD 0.074) s, P = 0.042] following the fatigue protocol might have compensated for the lengthened EMD and contributed to the insignificant change in the mean TRT [0.284 (SD 0.09) vs. 0.259 (SD 0.073) s, P = 0.164]. This was probably related to the low level of fatigue (15% decrease in force) and the stereotyped nature of the action such that the effects of the fatigue on neuromuscular control were likely to have been attributable to peripheral processes.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/393/CN-00167393/frame.html										
A. Yngve, A. Nilsson, M. Sjostrom and U. Ekelund	2003	Effect of monitor placement and of activity setting on the MTI accelerometer output		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			35		2	320-6					Feb	Evaluation Studies		Effect of monitor placement and of activity setting on the MTI accelerometer output	Med Sci Sports Exerc	0195-9131												12569223				PURPOSE: To examine the effect of monitor placement (hip vs back) and of activity setting (treadmill vs track) on the output from the Manufacturing Technology Inc. (MTI), activity monitor (model WAM 7164).
METHODS: In a laboratory study, 28 subjects (14 men, 14 women) walked at a normal pace, walked at a fast pace, and jogged at a comfortable pace on an indoor track. These activities were repeated on a treadmill using the individual speeds from the track locomotion. Oxygen uptake was measured simultaneously using a portable metabolic system. One activity monitor was worn on the hip and one on the lower back. In a field study, 34 subjects (18 men, 16 women) each wore two monitors (hip and low back placement) for seven consecutive days. In the laboratory study, ANOVA showed significant effects of placement ( P = 0.009) and setting ( P < 0.001), indicating that activity counts differ between different body sites and different settings (track vs treadmill). Gross energy expenditure predictive equations were developed and thereafter evaluated in the field study. Time spent at moderate and vigorous intensity of physical activity was 38% and 85% ( P < 0.001) higher when calculated from the treadmill-based equations as compared to the track-based equations. Free-living physical activity estimates were not affected by the placement.
CONCLUSION: The relationship between activity counts and energy expenditure during laboratory locomotion is placement and setting-specific. When habitual physical activity is assessed in free-living subjects, the treadmill derived relationship between energy expenditure and activity counts may overestimate time spent at moderate intensity of physical activity, whereas the placement of the monitor does not influence on the interpretation of the data.	Yngve, Agneta
Nilsson, Andreas
Sjostrom, Michael
Ekelund, Ulf		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=12569223http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C1996+to+2003%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:12569223&id=doi:&issn=0195-9131&volume=35&issue=2&spage=320&pages=320-6&date=2003&title=Medicine+%26+Science+in+Sports+%26+Exercise&atitle=Effect+of+monitor+placement+and+of+activity+setting+on+the+MTI+accelerometer+output.&aulast=Yngve&pid=%3Cauthor%3EYngve+A%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E12569223%3C%2FAN%3E		Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. agneta.yngve@prevnut.ki.se						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

A. Yngve, A. Nilsson, M. Sjöström and U. Ekelund	2003	Effect of monitor placement and of activity setting on the MTI accelerometer output		Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise			35		2	320-326								Effect of monitor placement and of activity setting on the MTI accelerometer output		0195-9131												2003153382. Language: English. Entry Date: 20031114. Revision Date: 20091218. Publication Type: journal article				PURPOSE: To examine the effect of monitor placement (hip vs back) and of activity setting (treadmill vs track) on the output from the Manufacturing Technology Inc. (MTI), activity monitor (model WAM 7164). METHODS: In a laboratory study, 28 subjects (14 men, 14 women) walked at a normal pace, walked at a fast pace, and jogged at a comfortable pace on an indoor track. These activities were repeated on a treadmill using the individual speeds from the track locomotion. Oxygen uptake was measured simultaneously using a portable metabolic system. One activity monitor was worn on the hip and one on the lower back. In a field study, 34 subjects (18 men, 16 women) each wore two monitors (hip and low back placement) for seven consecutive days. In the laboratory study, ANOVA showed significant effects of placement ( P = 0.009) and setting ( P < 0.001), indicating that activity counts differ between different body sites and different settings (track vs treadmill). Gross energy expenditure predictive equations were developed and thereafter evaluated in the field study. Time spent at moderate and vigorous intensity of physical activity was 38% and 85% ( P < 0.001) higher when calculated from the treadmill-based equations as compared to the track-based equations. Free-living physical activity estimates were not affected by the placement. CONCLUSION: The relationship between activity counts and energy expenditure during laboratory locomotion is placement and setting-specific. When habitual physical activity is assessed in free-living subjects, the treadmill derived relationship between energy expenditure and activity counts may overestimate time spent at moderate intensity of physical activity, whereas the placement of the monitor does not influence on the interpretation of the data.	research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Physical Therapy; Sports Medicine. No. of Refs: 16 ref. NLM UID: 8005433.
PMID: 12569223		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2003153382&site=ehost-live		Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden						rzh	EBSCOhost	
O. Yoshida, T. Kondo, Y. Kureishi-Bando, T. Sugiura, K. Maeda, K. Okumura and T. Murohara	2010	Pitavastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, ameliorates endothelial function in chronic smokers		Circulation journal			74		1	195-202						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Pitavastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, ameliorates endothelial function in chronic smokers								Pubmed 19926918						CN-00743805				BACKGROUND: Smoking is a major cardiovascular risk factor, leading to endothelial dysfunction. The present study investigated the hypothesis that pitavastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, may improve endothelial function in chronic smokers via its antioxidant properties. METHODS AND RESULTS: The 30 male chronic smokers who exhibited mild hypercholesterolemia at the time of physical check-up were enrolled and randomized to the pitavastatin group (2 mg/day, n=15) or the untreated control group (n=15). Before and after the 4-week treatment period, endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and endothelium-independent dilation by glyceryl trinitrate (GTD) were examined, and the FMD/GTD ratio was calculated. The pitavastatin group showed a significant restoration of endothelial function (percent change in FMD: +49.6% vs +1.4%; percent change in FMD/GTD ratio: +26.6% vs 4.5%, P<0.05 respectively), and a significant reduction in oxidative stress levels (malondialdehyde-low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol: 16.6% vs +7.5%; free radical activity: 1.8% vs +9.7%, P<0.05 respectively) compared with the control group. Pitavastatin had no effect on the number of circulating CD34(+)CD133(+) progenitor cells, endothelial progenitor cells, or the MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF levels. In vitro oxidative stress monitoring assay revealed that pitavastatin protected endothelial cells against oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS: Pitavastatin restores endothelial function, even in chronic smokers, possibly through its antioxidative properties. (Circ J 2010; 74: 195 - 202).			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/805/CN-00743805/frame.html										
D. Young, G. Jerome, C. Chen, D. Laferriere and W. Vollmer	2009	Patterns of physical activity among overweight and obese adults		Preventing chronic disease			6		3	A90						Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Patterns of physical activity among overweight and obese adults								Pubmed 19527591						CN-00721817				INTRODUCTION: Little is known about patterns of physical activity in overweight and obese adults, although they are at high risk for chronic disease and can benefit from physical activity. We describe patterns of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and MVPA in bouts of 10 minutes or longer in overweight and obese adults. METHODS: Overweight and obese participants (n = 1,648) who were screened for the multicenter Weight Loss Maintenance Trial wore RT3 accelerometers for at least 3 weekdays and 1 weekend day. We determined minutes spent in moderate physical activity, vigorous physical activity, and MVPA overall, by weekday vs weekend, and by time of day. We also measured bouts of at least 10 minutes of sustained MVPA. RESULTS: Participants were active for an average of 15.8 minutes per day. Among those who engaged in bouts of MVPA, the average bout was 33.3 minutes long. Participants who were younger than 50 years, male, non-African American, or overweight were more active than were those who were older than 50, female, African American, or obese. Participants were more active on weekends than on weekdays and in the morning than in the afternoon or evening. Only 2% of participants were active for 60 or more minutes per day. CONCLUSION: We found differences in physical activity patterns by demographic characteristics, day, and time of day. Weekend mornings may be an opportune time to promote additional physical activity.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/817/CN-00721817/frame.html										
J. Zacny, B. Bodker and H. Wit	1992	Effects of setting on the subjective and behavioral effects of d-amphetamine in humans		Addictive behaviors			17		1	27-33						Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.		Effects of setting on the subjective and behavioral effects of d-amphetamine in humans								Pubmed 1595423						CN-00084503				The effects of setting on the subjective and behavioral effects of 20 mg oral d-amphetamine were studied in eight healthy volunteers. A within-subjects design was used in which subjects ingested either amphetamine or placebo capsules in either an inpatient (isolated laboratory room) or an outpatient (normal daily environment) setting. The order of the four experimental conditions was randomized across subjects. Subjective drug effects were assessed using the Profile of Mood States, the Addiction Research Center Inventory, a Visual Analogue Scale, and a Drug Effects/Liking questionnaire, completed prior to and 1, 3, and 6 h after capsule ingestion. In addition, an End-of-Session questionnaire measuring overall drug liking and drug identification was completed at the 6-h timepoint. Subjects wore wrist monitors to record their physical activity levels during the 6-h postingestion period. Amphetamine produced typical stimulant-like subjective effects such as elation, euphoria, and friendliness, but the setting neither quantitatively nor qualitatively altered the drug response.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/503/CN-00084503/frame.html										
Z. Zainuddin, P. Hope, M. Newton, P. Sacco and K. Nosaka	2005	Effects of partial immobilization after eccentric exercise on recovery from muscle damage		Journal of Athletic Training			40		3	197-202								Effects of partial immobilization after eccentric exercise on recovery from muscle damage		1062-6050												2009046668. Language: English. Entry Date: 20051125. Revision Date: 20091218. Publication Type: journal article				Context: Short-term strict immobilization of the arm using a cast enhances recovery of muscle function after eccentric exercise. Objective:To determine if placing one arm in a sling ("light" immobilization) for 4 days after eccentric exercise of the elbow flexor muscles would reduce muscle soreness and enhance recovery compared with the exercised but not immobilized contralateral arm. Design: Subjects performed 10 sets of 6 maximal isokinetic (90 degrees x s[-1]) eccentric actions of the elbow flexors of each arm on a Cybex dynamometer, separated by 2 weeks. Setting: University laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Ten healthy subjects (5 men and 5 women) with no history of upper arm injury or resistance training. Intervention(s): One randomly assigned arm was placed in a sling for 4 days after the 30-minute postexercise measurement to secure the elbow joint at 90 degrees; the contralateral arm received no treatment. The subject removed the sling when showering and sleeping and during postexercise measurements. Main Outcome Measure(s): We used an activity monitor to record upper arm activity before and after immobilization. We also compared changes in maximal isometric and isokinetic voluntary strength, range of motion, upper arm circumference, plasma creatine kinase activity, and muscle soreness during 7 days postexercise between arms with a 2-way, repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: Eccentric exercise resulted in large losses in both isometric and isokinetic maximal voluntary contraction forces (approximately 40%), reduced range of motion (approximately 20%), increased arm circumference (approximately 10 mm), elevated plasma creatine kinase activity (approximately 2000 IU x L[-1]), and development of delayed-onset muscle soreness. No significant differences were noted between conditions for any measure except upper arm circumference, which increased significantly less for the immobilization than the control arm at 7 days postexercise (P< .05). Conclusions: Light immobilization had no effect on enhancing recovery of muscle function and delayed-onset muscle soreness after eccentric-exercise-induced muscle damage.	CEU; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Online/Print; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Pain and Pain Management; Physical Therapy; Sports Medicine. No. of Refs: 26 ref. NLM UID: 9301647.
PMID: 16284641		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2009046668&site=ehost-live		Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia						rzh	EBSCOhost	
P. Zeitler, L. Epstein, M. Grey, K. Hirst, F. Kaufman, W. Tamborlane and D. Wilfley	2007	Treatment options for type 2 diabetes in adolescents and youth: a study of the comparative efficacy of metformin alone or in combination with rosiglitazone or lifestyle intervention in adolescents with type 2 diabetes		Pediatric diabetes			8		2	74-87						Comparative Study; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural		Treatment options for type 2 diabetes in adolescents and youth: a study of the comparative efficacy of metformin alone or in combination with rosiglitazone or lifestyle intervention in adolescents with type 2 diabetes								Pubmed 17448130						CN-00588116				Despite the increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the pediatric population, there is limited information about the relative effectiveness of treatment approaches. This article describes the rationale and design of a National Institutes of Health-sponsored multi-site, randomized, parallel group clinical trial designed to test the hypothesis that aggressive reduction in insulin resistance early in the course of T2DM is beneficial for prolongation of glycemic control, as well as improvement in associated abnormalities and risk factors. Specifically, the trial compares treatment with metformin with two alternate approaches, one pharmacologic (combining metformin treatment with rosiglitazone) and one combining metformin with an intensive lifestyle intervention program. The Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study recruits 800 patients over a 4-yr period and follows them for a minimum of 2 yr and maximum of 6 yr. Patients are 10-17 yr of age, within 2 yr of diagnosis of diabetes at the time of randomization, lack evidence of autoimmunity, and have sustained C-peptide secretion. The primary outcome is time to loss of glycemic control, defined as a hemoglobin A1c >8% for 6 consecutive months. Secondary outcomes include the effect of the alternative treatments on insulin secretion and resistance, body composition, nutrition, physical activity and fitness, cardiovascular risk monitoring, microvascular complications, quality of life, depression, eating pathology, and resource utilization. TODAY is the first large-scale, systematic study of treatment effectiveness for T2DM in youth. When successfully completed, this study will provide critical new information regarding the natural history of T2DM in youth, the benefits of initiating early aggressive treatment in these patients, and the efficacy of delivering an intensive and sustained lifestyle intervention to children with T2DM.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/116/CN-00588116/frame.html										
M. Zeng, G. Yao, Y. Wang, J. Hou, S. Scott, C. Chang and K. Barker	2004	One year results from a multi-centre, double-blind, placebo (PLA)-controlled 5 year study of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) in Chinese patients with HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB)		Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)			40		4 Suppl 1	730a								One year results from a multi-centre, double-blind, placebo (PLA)-controlled 5 year study of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) in Chinese patients with HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB)														CN-00507590				Background: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is an important global health issue and a leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. ADV is a nucleotide analogue with potent in vitro and in vivo activity against wild-type and lamivudine-resistant HBV. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ADV 10mg once daily (OD) in Chinese patients with HBeAg+ve CHB and to assess health-related quality of life (HrQOL) improvements associated with treatment using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Methods: 480 pts with HBeAg +ve CHB, HBV DNA >= 106 copies/mL and ALT > 1 x upper limit of normal were randomised in 3 phases: double-blind ADV vs PLA (3:1) for 12 weeks, then open label ADV (OL-ADV) for 28 weeks for all patients, followed by double-blind re-randomisation (for those who had ADV in the 1st 12 weeks) to ADV or PLA (2:1) for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy measure was log10 reduction in serum HBV DNA (Roche COBAS PCR) from baseline at week 12 between ADV (n=360) and PLA (n=120). Secondary endpoints at week 52 included HBV DNA, HBeAg and ALT responses. Results: All 480 patients were HBsAg positive with HBV DNA >=106 copies/mL at screening; 83% males; median age 30 years. There was a significant difference in the median log10 HBV DNA reduction at week 12 between patients treated with PLA and ADV (-0.1 and -3.4 log10 copies/mL respectively, p<0.001). Further reductions in serum HBV DNA were observed with ADV therapy at week 52 (median reduction 4.5 log10 copies/mL). At week 52, the ADV + OL-ADV + ADV treatment group showed statistically significant (p<0.05) HrQOL improvements compared to the ADV+OL-ADV+PLA treatment group for the following SF-36 scores: role limitations due to physical problems, role limitations due to emotional problems, social function, vitality and general health perceptions. Adverse events were of similar low frequency on ADV and PLA. Conclusion: ADV10mg OD is effective in Chinese patients with HBeAg+ve CHB and resulted in significant reductions in serum HBV DNA and ALT normalisation rates. Discontinuation of ADV led to increased HBV DNA and ALT levels in most patients, thus monitoring is needed after stopping therapy. ADV treatment improves HrQOL in Chinese patients with HBeAg+ve CHB. This study is ongoing and will provide data on the long-term efficacy and safety of ADV in patients with HBeAg+ve CHB. 1HBV DNA response defined as HBV DNA level <105 copies/mL or a >= 2 log10 copies/mL decrease from baseline.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/590/CN-00507590/frame.html										
G.-X. Zhang and S.-Y. Cao	2005	Mechanism of Qibao Meiran Dan in ameliorating the aging symptoms. [Chinese]		Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation			9		31	152-4						Journal: Article		Mechanism of Qibao Meiran Dan in ameliorating the aging symptoms. [Chinese]														CN-00557458				Aim: To analyze the mechanism of Qibao Meiran Dan in postponing aging through the clinical observation of aging symptoms and index. Methods: A total of 150 elderly healthy persons, who were selected from the physical examination center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University between January 2001 and Januaiy 2004, were randomly divided into treatment group (n=l00) and control group (n=50). The subjects in the two groups were administered respectively with Qibao Meiran Dan and placebo capsules, 4 pills for each time, three times a day for 2 continuous months. Before and after the medication, the aging symptoms and main indexes such as superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxide testosterone, estradiol and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in plasma were assessed and monitored. Results: All the 150 subjects were involved in the analysis of results. 1 Changes of the scores of aging symptoms: The score of aging symptom in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group (13.82+3.56, 21.46+3.68, P < 0.01). 2 Changes of the clinical indexes: After treatment, the activity of superoxide dismutase was higher and the content of lipid peroxide was lower in the treatment group than in the control group (8 215.31+1 445.79), (4 813.63+1 024.87) nkat/g; (1.59+0.32), (3.09+1.06) mmol/L, P < 0.01]; The content of testosterone was higher and the ratio of estradiol to testosterone was lower in the treatment group than in the control group[(5 764.0+1 202.2), (4 865.6+1 432.8) ng/L; (0.056 6+0.017 6), 0.069 8+0.029 6], P < 0.01]; The high density lipoprotein-cholesterol was higher in the treatment group than in the control group [(2.18+0.(0.09), (0.94+0.08) mmol/L, P < 0.01]. Conclusion: Qibao Meiran Dan can decrease the organic damage caused by free radicals, improve the organic activity of anti-oxidation, and regulate the disorder of lipoid metabolism and the level of body hormone. So it plays a role in tonifying kidney and supplementing yang, postponing aging and prolonging the life span.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/458/CN-00557458/frame.html										
Y. Zhang, K. G. Beenakker, P. M. Butala, C. C. Lin, T. D. Little, A. B. Maier, M. Stijntjes, R. Vartanian and R. C. Wagenaar	2012	Monitoring walking and cycling of middle-aged to older community dwellers using wireless wearable accelerometers		Conference Proceedings: ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society			2012			158-61						Clinical Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Monitoring walking and cycling of middle-aged to older community dwellers using wireless wearable accelerometers	Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc	1557-170X												23365856				Changes in gait parameters have been shown to be an important indicator of several age-related cognitive and physical declines of older adults. In this paper we propose a method to monitor and analyze walking and cycling activities based on a triaxial accelerometer worn on one ankle. We use an algorithm that can (1) distinguish between static and dynamic functional activities, (2) detect walking and cycling events, (3) identify gait parameters, including step frequency, number of steps, number of walking periods, and total walking duration per day, and (4) evaluate cycling parameters, including cycling frequency, number of cycling periods, and total cycling duration. Our algorithm is evaluated against the triaxial accelerometer data obtained from a group of 297 middle-aged to older adults wearing an activity monitor on the right ankle for approximately one week while performing unconstrained daily activities in the home and community setting. The correlation coefficients between each of detected gait and cycling parameters on two weekdays are all statistically significant, ranging from 0.668 to 0.873. These results demonstrate good test-retest reliability of our method in monitoring walking and cycling activities and analyzing gait and cycling parameters. This algorithm is efficient and causal in time and thus implementable for real-time monitoring and feedback.	Zhang, Yuting
Beenakker, Karel G M
Butala, Pankil M
Lin, Cheng-Chieh
Little, Thomas D C
Maier, Andrea B
Stijntjes, Marjon
Vartanian, Richard
Wagenaar, Robert C
1R01NS067128 (United States NINDS NIH HHS)		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23365856http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:23365856&id=doi:10.1109%2FEMBC.2012.6345895&issn=1557-170X&volume=2012&issue=&spage=158&pages=158-61&date=2012&title=Conference+Proceedings%3A+...+Annual+International+Conference+of+the+IEEE+Engineering+in+Medicine+%26+Biology+Society&atitle=Monitoring+walking+and+cycling+of+middle-aged+to+older+community+dwellers+using+wireless+wearable+accelerometers.&aulast=Zhang&pid=%3Cauthor%3EZhang+Y%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E23365856%3C%2FAN%3E		Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. ytzhang@bu.edu						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

W. Zhu and M. Lee	2010	Invariance of wearing location of Omron-BI pedometers: a validation study		Journal of Physical Activity & Health			7		6	706-17					Nov	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Validation Studies		Invariance of wearing location of Omron-BI pedometers: a validation study	J Phys Act Health	1543-3080												21088300				BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability evidences of the Omron BI pedometer, which could count steps taken even when worn at different locations on the body.
METHODS: Forty (20 males and 20 females) adults were recruited to walk wearing 5 sets, 1 set at a time, of 10 BI pedometers during testing, 1 each at 10 different locations. For comparison, they also wore 2 Yamax Digi-Walker SW-200 pedometers and a Dynastream AMP 331 activity monitor. The subjects walked in 3 free-living conditions: a flat sidewalk, stairs, and mixed conditions.
RESULTS: Except for a slight decrease in accuracy in the pant pocket locations, Omron BI pedometers counted steps accurately across other locations when subjects walked on the flat sidewalk, and the performance was consistent across devices and trials. When the subjects climbed up stairs, however, the absolute error % of the pant pocket locations increased significantly (P < .05) and similar or higher error rates were found in the AMP 331 and SW-200s.
CONCLUSIONS: The Omron BI pedometer can accurately count steps when worn at various locations on the body in free-living conditions except for front pant pocket locations, especially when climbing stairs.	Zhu, Weimo
Lee, Miyoung		http://libux.utmb.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21088300http://uu6jc8mv6v.search.serialssolutions.com/?sid=OVID:Ovid+MEDLINE%28R%29+%3C2010+to+May+Week+4+2014%3E&genre=article&id=pmid:21088300&id=doi:&issn=1543-3080&volume=7&issue=6&spage=706&pages=706-17&date=2010&title=Journal+of+Physical+Activity+%26+Health&atitle=Invariance+of+wearing+location+of+Omron-BI+pedometers%3A+a+validation+study.&aulast=Zhu&pid=%3Cauthor%3EZhu+W%3C%2Fauthor%3E&%3CAN%3E21088300%3C%2FAN%3E		Dept. of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.						MEDLINE	Ovid Technologies	English

U. Ziegner, G. Peters, D. Jolly, S. Mento, J. Galpin, C. Prussak, J. Barber, D. Hartnett, C. Bohart and W. Klump	1995	Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte induction in asymptomatic HIV-1-infected patients immunized with Retrovector-transduced autologous fibroblasts expressing HIV-1IIIB Env/Rev proteins		AIDS (London, England)			9		1	43-50						Clinical Trial; Clinical Trial, Phase I; Controlled Clinical Trial;		Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte induction in asymptomatic HIV-1-infected patients immunized with Retrovector-transduced autologous fibroblasts expressing HIV-1IIIB Env/Rev proteins								Pubmed 7893440						CN-00112044				OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the safety and enhancement of HIV-1-specific immune responses in HIV-infected asymptomatic patients following treatment with retroviral vector (Retrovector)-transduced autologous fibroblasts (VTAF) expressing HIV-1IIIB Env/Rev proteins. DESIGN: A non-placebo-controlled, single arm Phase I study. PARTICIPANTS: Four HIV-1-seropositive asymptomatic volunteers were selected based on age (18-50 years), CD4/CD3 lymphocyte counts (> 600 x 10(6)/l or > 40%), and positive delayed-type hypersensitivity test to at least one recall antigen. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were treated at 2-week intervals with a total of three intramuscular injections of irradiated autologous fibroblasts transduced with a molecularly engineered, non-replicating amphotropic murine retrovector encoding the HIV-1IIIB Env/Rev proteins. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The clinical status of patients was assessed by history, physical examination, serum chemistry and hematology, CD4/CD3 lymphocyte counts, HIV viral burden, and monitored throughout the study to detect potentially treatment-induced toxic or unwanted side-effects. In addition, HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity was measured to determine the biological activity of VTAF. RESULTS: No acute local or systemic adverse events occurred following three injections with VTAF. Furthermore, a statistically significant increase of CD8+ CTL activity against HIV-1IIIB Env/Rev-expressing targets was observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from two out of four patients. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of the administration of a gene transfer treatment to HIV-1-infected patients and provides initial support for the safety and activity of retrovector-transduced fibroblasts administered to asymptomatic patients. This treatment resulted in the detection of increased HIV-1IIIB Env/Rev-specific CTL activity in two HIV-seropositive patients and could provide a better understanding of the role of CTL activity in HIV disease progression.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/044/CN-00112044/frame.html										
J. Zigler and R. Delamarter	2012	Five-year results of the prospective, randomized, multicenter, Food and Drug Administration investigational device exemption study of the ProDisc-L total disc replacement versus circumferential arthrodesis for the treatment of single-level degenerative disc disease: Clinical article		Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine			17		6	493-501						Journal: Article		Five-year results of the prospective, randomized, multicenter, Food and Drug Administration investigational device exemption study of the ProDisc-L total disc replacement versus circumferential arthrodesis for the treatment of single-level degenerative disc disease: Clinical article														CN-00898780				Object. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term safety and effectiveness of the ProDisc-L total disc replacement (TDR) as part of an FDA-mandated postmarket approval study. This report summarizes the clinical findings after 5 years of follow-up. Methods. Two hundred thirty-six patients were treated and followed up for 5 years; 161 TDRs and 75 fusions had been performed in these patients. The primary outcome was a 10-component success end point. Secondary outcome measures included neurological status, secondary surgery, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), visual analog scale (VAS) assessing pain and satisfaction, radiographic data, narcotic use, activity, and recreation status. Patients were monitored through their 5-year postoperative visits under the FDA postmarket surveillance provisions in the original investigational device exemption approval. Results. The overall follow-up rate at 5 years was 81.8%. Study success demonstrated that TDR was noninferior to fusion with a 12.5% margin (p = 0.0099). Both TDR and fusion treatment groups maintained significant improvement on the ODI at 5 years compared with baseline (p < 0.0001). Secondary surgeries at the index level were performed in 12% of fusion patients and 8% of TDR patients. Radiographically, none of the TDRs developed spontaneous fusion. The segmental range of motion following TDR remained within normal range, although it decreased by approximately 0.5degree in years 3 to 5. The VAS pain scores decreased from preoperative values by 48% in both treatment groups at 5 years. Patient satisfaction remained high in both groups (77%), while the percentage of patients indicating that they would have the surgery again was higher in TDR patients (82.5%) than in fusion patients (68.0%). Conclusions. Patients in both groups maintained significant improvement during the 5-year follow-up. The TDR group had significantly better improvement on some scales. Although TDR patients avoid the stiffness of fusion and are more satisfied than fusion patients, both fusion and TDR are reasonable surgical options in this specific patient population.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/780/CN-00898780/frame.html										
W. Zijlstra	2004	Assessment of spatio-temporal parameters during unconstrained walking		European journal of applied physiology			92		1-2	39-44						Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		Assessment of spatio-temporal parameters during unconstrained walking								Pubmed 14985994						CN-00489051				This paper presents an analysis of spatio-temporal gait parameters during overground walking based upon a method that needs only lower trunk accelerations. Twenty-six healthy young subjects and 15 healthy elderly subjects participated in an experiment where overground walking was studied at different speeds. Accelerations of the lower trunk were measured by a tri-axial accelerometer connected to a portable data logger carried on the body. An analysis of trunk acceleration data produced temporal gait parameters (duration of subsequent stride cycles and left/right steps) and convincing estimations of spatial parameters (step length and walking speed). Typical differences in spatio-temporal gait parameters between young and elderly subjects could be demonstrated, i.e. a limited range of walking speeds, smaller step lengths, and a somewhat higher variability of temporal parameters in elderly subjects. It is concluded from these results that essential spatio-temporal gait parameters can be determined during overground walking using only one tri-axial accelerometer. The method is easy-to-use and does not interfere with regular walking patterns. Both the accelerometer and the data logger can be miniaturised to one small instrument that can be carried on the trunk during hours of walking. Thus, the method can easily be incorporated in current activity monitors so that 24-h monitoring of postures and activities can be combined with assessment of gait characteristics during these monitoring periods. In addition, the presented method can be a basis for more sophisticated gait analyses during overground walking, e.g. an analysis of kinematic signals or muscle activity within subsequent stride cycles.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/051/CN-00489051/frame.html										
M. Zile, B. Kjellstrom, T. Bennett, Y. Cho, C. Baicu, M. Aaron, W. Abraham, R. Bourge and F. Kueffer	2013	Effects of exercise on left ventricular systolic and diastolic properties in patients with heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction versus heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction		Circulation: Heart Failure			6		3	508-16						Journal: Article		Effects of exercise on left ventricular systolic and diastolic properties in patients with heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction versus heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction														CN-00905671				Background-The purpose of the current study was to define exercise-induced changes in indices of left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic properties in patients with chronic heart failure (HF), compare these changes in patients with HF and a reduced ejection fraction (EF) versus HF and a preserved EF, and compare the hemodynamic responses to activities of daily living with symptom-limited upright exercise. Methods and Results-Subjects with HF and a preserved EF (n=8) and subjects with HF and a reduced EF (n=5) underwent symptom-limited Naughton protocol treadmill exercise tests. Implantable hemodynamic monitor data and echocardiographic data were obtained before exercise and at peak exercise. Implantable hemodynamic monitor data were obtained during activities of daily living during a 24-hour time period. In patients with HF and a reduced EF, limited exercise time (639+164 seconds) was associated with a marked rise in right ventricular systolic, diastolic, and estimated pulmonary artery diastolic (ePAD) pressures and an increase in LV end diastolic volume (EDV). LV systolic properties, namely EF, end systolic elastance, stroke work, and preload recruitable stroke work, all decreased. The ePAD/EDV ratio increased; to a large extent, this was dependent on an increase in EDV. By contrast, in HF and a preserved EF, limited exercise time (411+128 seconds) and the marked rise in right ventricular systolic, diastolic, and ePAD pressures were associated with no change in LV EDV. LV systolic properties increased or were unchanged; ePAD/EDV ratio increased during exercise, but the increase was independent of a change in EDV. The ranges of right ventricular systolic, diastolic, and ePAD pressures during activities of daily living were higher than the ranges of these values during the exercise stress test. Conclusions-Although exercise limitations were similar between HF and a reduced EF and HF and a preserved EF, there were significant differences in exercise-induced changes in LV systolic and diastolic properties. These differences likely reflect the different pathophysiologies of these clinical syndromes of HF. 2013 American Heart Association, Inc.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/671/CN-00905671/frame.html										
J. Zoellner, C. Connell, M. Madson, B. Wang, V. Reed, E. Molaison and K. Yadrick	2011	H.U.B city steps: methods and early findings from a community-based participatory research trial to reduce blood pressure among African Americans		International journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity			8			59						Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't		H.U.B city steps: methods and early findings from a community-based participatory research trial to reduce blood pressure among African Americans								Pubmed 21663652						CN-00799403				BACKGROUND: Community-based participatory research (CBPR) has been recognized as an important approach to develop and execute health interventions among marginalized populations, and a key strategy to translate research into practice to help reduce health disparities. Despite growing interest in the CBPR approach, CBPR initiatives rarely use experimental or other rigorous research designs to evaluate health outcomes. This behavioral study describes the conceptual frameworks, methods, and early findings related to the reach, adoption, implementation, and effectiveness on primary blood pressure outcomes. METHODS: The CBPR, social support, and motivational interviewing frameworks are applied to test treatment effects of a two-phased CBPR walking intervention, including a 6-month active intervention quasi experimental phase and 12-month maintenance randomized controlled trial phase to test dose effects of motivational interviewing. A community advisory board helped develop and execute the culturally-appropriate intervention components which included social support walking groups led by peer coaches, pedometer diary self-monitoring, monthly diet and physical activity education sessions, and individualized motivational interviewing sessions. Although the study is on-going, three month data is available and reported. Analyses include descriptive statistics and paired t tests. RESULTS: Of 269 enrolled participants, most were African American (94%) females (85%) with a mean age of 43.8 (SD = 12.1) years. Across the 3 months, 90% of all possible pedometer diaries were submitted. Attendance at the monthly education sessions was approximately 33%. At the 3-month follow-up 227 (84%) participants were retained. From baseline to 3-months, systolic BP [126.0 (SD = 19.1) to 120.3 (SD = 17.9) mmHg; p < 0.001] and diastolic BP [83. 2 (SD = 12.3) to 80.2 (SD = 11.6) mmHg; p < 0.001] were significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS: This CBPR study highlights implementation factors and signifies the community's active participation in the development and execution of this study. Reach and representativeness of enrolled participants are discussed. Adherence to pedometer diary self-monitoring was better than education session participation. Significant decreases in the primary blood pressure outcomes demonstrate early effectiveness. Importantly, future analyses will evaluate long-term effectiveness of this CBPR behavioral intervention on health outcomes, and help inform the translational capabilities of CBPR efforts.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/403/CN-00799403/frame.html										
A. Zutz, A. Ignaszewski, J. Bates and S. Lear	2007	Utilization of the internet to deliver cardiac rehabilitation at a distance: A pilot study		Telemedicine journal and e-health			13		3	323-30						Journal: Article		Utilization of the internet to deliver cardiac rehabilitation at a distance: A pilot study														CN-00641392				Less than 25% of eligible patients attend cardiac rehabilitation programs (CRP), with geographical proximity being a predominant barrier. Therefore, we undertook a pilot study to assess the feasibility and safety of using the Internet as a medium for delivery of an interactive "virtual" CRP (vCRP) to patients at a distance. Fifteen patients on the waiting list for a local hospital-based CRP were randomized to either an Internet-based vCRP or observational control. The vCRP consisted of on-line intake forms, one-on-one chat sessions with a nurse, dietitian, and exercise specialist, downloadable exercise heart rate monitoring, education and data monitoring of blood pressure, weight, and glucose. Participants were assessed for exercise capacity, risk factors, and lifestyle behaviors at baseline and at 12 weeks. Those in the vCRP logged onto the Internet-based CRP an average of 4.2 times per week. There were no adverse events in the vCRP participants. The vCRP group significantly improved their HDL-C, triglycerides, total cholesterol:HDL-C ratio, exercise capacity as assessed in metabolic equivalents, weekly physical activity, and exercise specific self-efficacy (p < 0.05). There were no significant improvements in the control group. Improvements in the vCRP group were similar to historical controls in a standard CRP. Feedback from exit interviews of the vCRP participants was unanimously positive. This Internet-based CRP resulted in clinically significant improvements in risk factors and exercise capacity similar to that of a standard CRP. The high user acceptance indicated that this program may have the potential to effectively manage patients who do not have access to traditional hospital-based CRP. Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.			http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/392/CN-00641392/frame.html