Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) was first described by Hinchey
et al. 1 and is characterized by the presence of posterior white matter lesions predominantly bilaterally in the parieto-occipital regions on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The most common clinical symptoms are headache, vomiting, agitation, altered alertness, and behavior that ranges from drowsiness to stupor, abnormalities of visual perception, and epileptic seizures.
1 Various causative factors have been described and include hypertension, renal diseases, chemotherapeutic drugs, and immunosuppressive drugs. The mechanism of the syndrome is probably a brain-capillary leak syndrome related to hypertension, fluid retention, and possibly the cytotoxic effects of drugs on the vascular endothelium.
1 …
