Background
Methods
Study area and target population
Subjects and methods
Ethical considerations
Statistical analyses
Variable
|
ANC attendees
a
|
Maternal deaths Cases 1
b
|
OR
c
(95%CI)
|
Maternal deaths Cases 2
d
|
OR
c
(95%CI)
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total
e
| 135 | 45 | 31 | ||
Age
| |||||
15–24 years | 65 | 14 | 1.0 | 9 | 1.0 |
25–34 years | 56 | 18 | 1.5 (0.7–3.3) | 12 | 1.6 (0.6–4.0) |
35–49 years | 14 | 12 |
4.0 (1.5–10.6)
| 9 |
4.1 (1.3–12.4)
|
Ward groups
f
| |||||
1 | 54 | 4 | 1.0 | 3 | 1.0 |
2 | 6 | 7 |
18.0 (2.6–123)
| 6 |
17.2 (2.1–143)
|
3 | 27 | 11 | 1.4 (0.3–6.9) | 6 | 1.8 (0.3–10.8) |
4 | 38 | 15 | 2.8 (0.7–11.7) | 13 | 3.3 (0.6–17.1) |
5 | 5 | 5 |
23.1 (2.0–271)
| 1 |
30.1 (1.1- 823)
|
6 | 5 | 3 | 7.6 (0.8–76.7) | 2 | 4.5 (0.3–69.6) |
Woman's ethnic affiliation
| |||||
Iraqw | 111 | 31 | 1.0 | 23 | 1.0 |
Datoga | 22 | 8 | 1.3 (0.5–3.3) | 5 | 1.2 (0.4–3.7) |
Other | 2 | 6 |
13.6 (2.5–75.0)
| 3 |
7.3 (1.1–50.0)
|
Husband's ethnic affiliation
| |||||
Iraqw | 95 | 29 | 1.0 | 21 | 1.0 |
Datoga | 25 | 9 | 1.3 (0.5–3.1) | 8 | 1.6 (0.6–4.2) |
Other | 4 | 2 | 2.3 (0.4–13.7) | 1 | 1.5 (0.2–14.4) |
Woman's religious affiliation
| |||||
Christian | 104 | 27 | 1.0 | 19 | 1.0 |
Traditional/other | 30 | 18 |
2.1 (1.0–4.5)
| 12 | 2.0 (0.8–4.9) |
Husband's religious affiliation
| |||||
Christian | 84 | 18 | 1.0 | 11 | 1.0 |
Traditional/other | 38 | 22 |
2.6 (1.2–5.7)
| 19 |
3.6 (1.5–8.7)
|
Woman's education
| |||||
1–7 years school | 96 | 24 | 1.0 | 18 | 1.0 |
No school | 38 | 15 | 1.2 (0.5–2.6) | 12 | 1.3 (0.5–3.1) |
Husband's education
| |||||
1–7 years school | 92 | 20 | 1.0 | 16 | 1.0 |
No school | 32 | 17 |
2.2 (1.0–5.0)
| 12 | 2.0 (0.8–5.1) |
Parity
| |||||
Pregnancy 1 | 36 | 10 | 1.5 (0.6–3.9) | 8 | 1.9 (0.6–5.7) |
Pregnancy 2–4 | 56 | 16 | 1.0 | 10 | 1.0 |
Pregnancy 5–15 | 43 | 17 | 0.5 (0.2–1.5) | 13 | 0.7 (0.2–2.3) |
Previous abortions
| |||||
No abortions | 115 | 41 | 1.0 | 30 | 1.0 |
1–3 abortions | 20 | 2 | 0.2 (0.04–1.0) | 1 | 0.2 (0.02–1.2) |
Previous stillbirths
| |||||
No stillbirths | 122 | 38 | 1.0 | 26 | 1.0 |
1–2 stillbirths | 13 | 5 | 1.1 (0.4–3.3) | 5 | 1.7 (0.5–5.3) |
Previous perinatal deaths
| |||||
No perinatal deaths | 110 | 34 | 1.0 | 24 | 1.0 |
1–3 perinatal deaths | 25 | 9 | 0.9 (0.4–2.3) | 7 | 1.2 (0.4–3.1) |
Results
Demographic characteristics
Group represented
|
15–24 years
|
25–34 years
|
35–49 years
a
|
---|---|---|---|
% (n)
|
% (n)
|
% (n)
| |
Cases (maternal deaths) | 31.1% (14) | 40.0 % (18) | 26.7 % (12) |
Control group | 48.6% (65) | 41.5% (56) | 10.4% (14) |
Four antenatal clinics in study b
| 43.4% (858) | 45.0% (890) | 11.5% (228) |
Estimated number of women giving live births c
| 37.5 % (1824) | 47.5 % (2310) | 15.0 % (732) |