Background
Methods
Study setting
Study population
Sample size and sampling technique
Data collection technique
Measurements
Stigma
Active substance use
Sex under the influence of alcohol
General self efficacy
Data analysis
Results
Socio demographic characteristics
Characteristics | Frequency(n = 562) | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Sex | ||
Male | 218 | 38.8 |
Female | 344 | 61.2 |
Age | ||
18–23 | 12 | 2.1 |
24–29 | 153 | 27.2 |
30–35 | 200 | 35.6 |
36–41 | 162 | 28.8 |
≥ 42 | 35 | 6.2 |
Ethnicity | ||
Oromo | 195 | 34.7 |
Amhara | 198 | 35.2 |
Tigray | 118 | 21.0 |
Others | 51 | 9.1 |
Education Status | ||
≤ 8 | 218 | 38.8 |
9–12 | 249 | 44.3 |
College diploma and above | 95 | 16.9 |
Religion | ||
Orthodox | 342 | 60.9 |
Muslim | 88 | 15.7 |
Protestant | 110 | 19.6 |
Catholic | 22 | 3.9 |
Marital Status | ||
Unmarried | 211 | 37.5 |
Married | 188 | 33.5 |
Separated | 44 | 7.8 |
Divorced | 55 | 9.8 |
Widowed | 64 | 11.4 |
Occupation | ||
Unemployed | 22 | 3.9 |
NGO | 40 | 7.1 |
Daily laboror | 88 | 15.7 |
House wife | 99 | 17.6 |
Government employee | 110 | 19.6 |
Private job | 203 | 36.1 |
Monthly Income | ||
< 1500 | 162 | 28.8 |
1500–2999 | 262 | 46.6 |
≥ 3000 | 138 | 24.6 |
Prevalence of risky sexual practice
Characteristics | Frequency | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Had sexual partner in the past three months | ||
Yes | 317 | 56.4 |
No | 245 | 43.6 |
Number of sexual partner/s in the past three months(n = 317) | ||
One | 240 | 75.7 |
More than one | 77 | 24.3 |
Type of sexual partner/s have in the past three months(n = 317) | ||
Steady | 225 | 71 |
Casual | 60 | 18.9 |
Both | 32 | 10.1 |
HIV status of their partner/s(n = 317) | ||
Positive | 173 | 54.3 |
Negative | 10 | 3.1 |
Both | 25 | 8.4 |
Unknown | 109 | 34.2 |
Discussion about safe sex with their partner/s(n = 317) | ||
Yes | 129 | 40.69 |
No | 188 | 59.31 |
HIV status disclosure to partner(n = 317) | ||
Yes | 182 | 57.41 |
No | 135 | 42.59 |
Factors associated with risky sexual practice
Variables | Risky sexual practice Yes No | COR(95% CI) | AOR(95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | ||||
18–23 | 2 | 10 | 0.5(0.093, 2.70) | 0.34(0.41, 2.71) |
24–29 | 63 | 90 | 1.75(0.77, 3.90) | 1.15(0.36, 3.66) |
30–35 | 87 | 113 | 1.93(0.88, 4.22) | 1.19(0.39, 3.64) |
36–41 | 58 | 104 | 1.39(0.63, 3.11) | 1.14(0.36, 3.62) |
≥ 41 | 10 | 25 | 1 | 1 |
Educational status | ||||
≤ 8 | 81 | 137 | 1.16(0.70–1.93) |
2.27(1.01,5.10)*
|
9–12 | 107 | 142 | 1.48(0.91–2.43) |
2.12(1.02,4.41)*
|
Diploma and above | 32 | 63 | 1 | 1 |
Marital Status | ||||
Unmarried | 65 | 146 | 1 | 1 |
Married | 120 | 68 | 3.96(2.61,6.02) |
2.07(1.06,4.02)*
|
Othersa | 35 | 128 | 0.61(0.38,0.98) | 2.08(0.85,5.07) |
Occupation | ||||
House wife | 48 | 51 | 1 | 1 |
Daily laborer | 20 | 68 | 0.31(0.17, 0.59) | 0.45(0.17, 1.17) |
Private job | 85 | 118 | 0.77(0.47, 1.24) | 0.93(0.51, 2.41) |
Government employee | 43 | 67 | 0.68(0.39, 1.18) | 0.97(0.43, 2.23) |
NGO | 14 | 26 | 0.57(0.27,1.22) | 0.62(0.39, 3.77) |
Unemployed | 10 | 12 | 0.89(0.35, 2.24) | 0.80(0.50, 9.82) |
Monthly family income | ||||
< 1500 | 46 | 116 | 0.46(0.28, 0.74) | 0.78(0.38, 1.65) |
1500–2999 | 110 | 152 | 0.84(0.55, 1.27) | 0.81(0.45, 1.45) |
≥ 3000 | 64 | 74 | 1 | 1 |
Concern about safer sex | ||||
Yes | 99 | 238 | 1 | 1 |
No | 121 | 104 | 2.79(1.96,3.97) |
3.74(2.28, 6.13)*
|
Current CD4 count | ||||
< 500cells/mm3 | 95 | 186 | 1 | 1 |
≥ 500cells/mm3 | 125 | 156 | 1.57(1.12,2.21) |
1.66 (1.04, 2.64)*
|
Substance use | ||||
Yes | 70 | 35 | 4.09(2.61,6.42) |
3.41(1.83, 6.35)*
|
No | 150 | 307 | 1 | 1 |
Discussion
Limitations of the study
-
The data collection was done by nurses who were working in the ART clinics of each hospital to ensure confidentiality and privacy. Due to this, social desirability bias and interviewer bias were eminent in this study. But to decrease the bias, a training was given on the objective of the study to data collectors, and male data collectors were assigned to male respondents and females to female respondents. On top of that, data collectors gave explicit information to participants on the value of their response for the success of ART treatment and preventing PLHIV community from acquiring drug resistant strains.
-
In this study, the viral loads of participants were not measured, therefore, the actual levels of HIV infectivity among participants could not be determined or reported. It was assumed that all PLHIV who engaged in risky sexual practices would put their sexual partners at risk of being infected with HIV.
-
Since the issue was sensitive, some of the respondents might not have given the correct answer to concerned some of their habits.