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Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer

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27.02.2024 | Review

Role of the Microbiome in the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Cancers

verfasst von: Federica Mascaretti, Salman Haider, Chiara Amoroso, Flavio Caprioli, Daryl Ramai, Michele Ghidini

Erschienen in: Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer | Ausgabe 2/2024

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Abstract

Purpose

Stomach and esophageal cancers are among the highest mortality from cancers worldwide. Microbiota has an interplaying role within the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Dysbiosis occurs when a disruption of the balance between the microbiota and the host happens. With this narrative review, we discuss the main alterations in the microbiome of gastroesophageal cancer, revealing its potential role in the pathogenesis, early detection, and treatment.

Results

Helicobacter pylori plays a major role the development of a cascade of preneoplastic conditions ranging from atrophic gastritis to metaplasia and dysplasia, ultimately culminating in gastric cancer, while other pathogenic agents are Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli, and Lactobacillus. Campylobacter species (spp.)’s role in the progression of esophageal adenocarcinoma may parallel that of Helicobacter pylori in the context of gastric cancer, with other esophageal carcinogenic agents being Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Moreover, gut microbiome could significantly alter the outcomes of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The gut microbiome can be modulated through interventions such as antibiotics, probiotics, or prebiotics intake. Fecal microbiota transplantation has emerged as a therapeutic strategy as well.

Conclusions

Nowadays, it is widely accepted that changes in the normal gut microbiome causing dysbiosis and immune dysregulation play a role gastroesophageal cancer. Different interventions, including probiotics and prebiotics intake are being developed to improve therapeutic outcomes and mitigate toxicities associated with anticancer treatment. Further studies are required in order to introduce the microbiome among the available tools of precision medicine in the field of anticancer treatment.

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Titel: Role of the Microbiome in the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Cancers
verfasst von: Federica Mascaretti
Salman Haider
Chiara Amoroso
Flavio Caprioli
Daryl Ramai
Michele Ghidini
Publikationsdatum: 27.02.2024
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer / Ausgabe 2/2024
Print ISSN: 1941-6628
Elektronische ISSN: 1941-6636
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-024-01021-x

Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis and Pancreatic Cancer: A Large Database Analysis

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Downstaging Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy Improves Access to Curative Liver Transplant

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Effect of Preoperative Malnutrition Based on Albumin and BMI on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surgery and Prediction of Risk Factors of Complications

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Laparoscopic Versus Open Gastrectomy for Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

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Efficacy and Safety of TACE Combined with a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor for the Treatment of TACE-Refractory Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Comparative Study

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Role of the Microbiome in the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Cancers

Abstract

Purpose

Results

Conclusions

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