Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Clinical Autonomic Research 3/2018

28.04.2018 | Review

Roles of catechol neurochemistry in autonomic function testing

verfasst von: David S. Goldstein, William P. Cheshire

Erschienen in: Clinical Autonomic Research | Ausgabe 3/2018

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Catechols are a class of compounds that contain adjacent hydroxyl groups on a benzene ring. Endogenous catechols in human plasma include the catecholamines norepinephrine, epinephrine (adrenaline), and dopamine; the catecholamine precursor DOPA, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), which is the main neuronal metabolite of norepinephrine; and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), which is the main neuronal metabolite of dopamine. In the diagnostic evaluation of patients with known or suspected dysautonomias, measurement of plasma catechols is rarely diagnostic but often is informative. This review summarizes the roles of clinical catechol neurochemistry in autonomic function testing.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Agrup G, Andersson T, Falck B, Persson K, Rorsman H, Rosengren AM, Rosengren E (1975) 5-S-cysteinyldopa in the plasma of melanoma patients and the renal clearance of this amino acid. Acta Derm Venereol 55:5–6PubMed Agrup G, Andersson T, Falck B, Persson K, Rorsman H, Rosengren AM, Rosengren E (1975) 5-S-cysteinyldopa in the plasma of melanoma patients and the renal clearance of this amino acid. Acta Derm Venereol 55:5–6PubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Ahmad J, Kham AS, Siddiqui MA (1985) Estimation of plasma and urinary catecholamines in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Jpn J Med 24:24–29PubMedCrossRef Ahmad J, Kham AS, Siddiqui MA (1985) Estimation of plasma and urinary catecholamines in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Jpn J Med 24:24–29PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Akashi YJ, Goldstein DS, Barbaro G, Ueyama T (2008) Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: a new form of acute, reversible heart failure. Circulation 118:2754–2762PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Akashi YJ, Goldstein DS, Barbaro G, Ueyama T (2008) Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: a new form of acute, reversible heart failure. Circulation 118:2754–2762PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Appenzeller O, Kornfeld M (1973) Acute pandysautonomia. Clinical and morphologic study. Arch Neurol 29:334–339PubMedCrossRef Appenzeller O, Kornfeld M (1973) Acute pandysautonomia. Clinical and morphologic study. Arch Neurol 29:334–339PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Axelrod FB, Goldstein DS, Holmes C, Berlin D, Kopin IJ (1996) Pattern of plasma levels of catecholamines in familial dysautonomia. Clin Auton Res 6:205–209PubMedCrossRef Axelrod FB, Goldstein DS, Holmes C, Berlin D, Kopin IJ (1996) Pattern of plasma levels of catecholamines in familial dysautonomia. Clin Auton Res 6:205–209PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Axelrod J, Kopin IJ (1959) 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol sulfate, a new metabolite of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Biochim Biophys Acta 36:576–577PubMedCrossRef Axelrod J, Kopin IJ (1959) 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol sulfate, a new metabolite of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Biochim Biophys Acta 36:576–577PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Bhargava B, Chandra S, Kacker V, Gupta YK, Kaul U, Seth SD, Wasir HS (1996) Changes in circulatory biogenic amines during head-up tilt testing in neurocardiogenic syncope. Indian Heart J 48:659–662PubMed Bhargava B, Chandra S, Kacker V, Gupta YK, Kaul U, Seth SD, Wasir HS (1996) Changes in circulatory biogenic amines during head-up tilt testing in neurocardiogenic syncope. Indian Heart J 48:659–662PubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Biaggioni I, Goldstein DS, Atkinson T, Robertson D (1990) Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase deficiency in humans. Neurology 40:370–373PubMedCrossRef Biaggioni I, Goldstein DS, Atkinson T, Robertson D (1990) Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase deficiency in humans. Neurology 40:370–373PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Biaggioni I, Robertson D (1987) Endogenous restoration of noradrenaline by precursor therapy in dopamine-beta-hydroxylase deficiency. Lancet 2:1170–1172PubMedCrossRef Biaggioni I, Robertson D (1987) Endogenous restoration of noradrenaline by precursor therapy in dopamine-beta-hydroxylase deficiency. Lancet 2:1170–1172PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Bieck PR, Leibowitz M, Lachno DR, Ledent E, Padich R, Jhee S (2016) Dihydroxyphenylglycol as a biomarker of norepinephrine transporter inhibition by atomoxetine: human model to assess central and peripheral effects of dosing. J Clin Psychopharmacol 36:675–683PubMedCrossRef Bieck PR, Leibowitz M, Lachno DR, Ledent E, Padich R, Jhee S (2016) Dihydroxyphenylglycol as a biomarker of norepinephrine transporter inhibition by atomoxetine: human model to assess central and peripheral effects of dosing. J Clin Psychopharmacol 36:675–683PubMedCrossRef
11.
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Bottini P, Boschetti E, Pampanelli S, Ciofetta M, Del Sindaco P, Scionti L, Brunetti P, Bolli GB (1997) Contribution of autonomic neuropathy to reduced plasma adrenaline responses to hypoglycemia in IDDM: evidence for a nonselective defect. Diabetes 46:814–823PubMedCrossRef Bottini P, Boschetti E, Pampanelli S, Ciofetta M, Del Sindaco P, Scionti L, Brunetti P, Bolli GB (1997) Contribution of autonomic neuropathy to reduced plasma adrenaline responses to hypoglycemia in IDDM: evidence for a nonselective defect. Diabetes 46:814–823PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Bravo EL, Tarazi RC, Fouad FM, Vidt DG, Gifford RW Jr (1981) Clonidine-suppression test: a useful aid in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. N Engl J Med 305:623–626PubMedCrossRef Bravo EL, Tarazi RC, Fouad FM, Vidt DG, Gifford RW Jr (1981) Clonidine-suppression test: a useful aid in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. N Engl J Med 305:623–626PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Brodie BB, Cho AK, Stefano FJ, Gessa GL (1969) On mechanisms of norepinephrine release by amphetamine and tyramine and tolerance to their effects. Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol 1:219–238PubMed Brodie BB, Cho AK, Stefano FJ, Gessa GL (1969) On mechanisms of norepinephrine release by amphetamine and tyramine and tolerance to their effects. Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol 1:219–238PubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Brown M (1984) Simultaneous assay of noradrenaline and its deaminated metabolite, dihydroxyphenylglycol, in plasma: a simplified approach to the exclusion of pheochromocytoma in patients with borderline elevation of plasma noradrenaline concentration. Eur J Clin Invest 14:67–72PubMedCrossRef Brown M (1984) Simultaneous assay of noradrenaline and its deaminated metabolite, dihydroxyphenylglycol, in plasma: a simplified approach to the exclusion of pheochromocytoma in patients with borderline elevation of plasma noradrenaline concentration. Eur J Clin Invest 14:67–72PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Bruce S, Tack C, Patel J, Pacak K, Goldstein DS (2002) Local sympathetic function in human skeletal muscle and adipose tissue assessed by microdialysis. Clin Auton Res 12:13–19PubMedCrossRef Bruce S, Tack C, Patel J, Pacak K, Goldstein DS (2002) Local sympathetic function in human skeletal muscle and adipose tissue assessed by microdialysis. Clin Auton Res 12:13–19PubMedCrossRef
17.
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Carvalho MJ, van den Meiracker AH, Boomsma F, Veld AJ, Freitas J, Costa O, de Freitas AF (1997) Improved orthostatic tolerance in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy with unnatural noradrenaline precursor L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine. J Auton Nerv Syst 62:63–71PubMedCrossRef Carvalho MJ, van den Meiracker AH, Boomsma F, Veld AJ, Freitas J, Costa O, de Freitas AF (1997) Improved orthostatic tolerance in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy with unnatural noradrenaline precursor L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine. J Auton Nerv Syst 62:63–71PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Caviezel F, Picotti GB, Margonato A, Slaviero G, Galva MD, Camagna P, Bondiolotti GP, Carruba MO, Pozza G (1982) Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations in diabetic patients with and without autonomic neuropathy at rest and during sympathetic stimulation. Diabetologia 23:19–23PubMedCrossRef Caviezel F, Picotti GB, Margonato A, Slaviero G, Galva MD, Camagna P, Bondiolotti GP, Carruba MO, Pozza G (1982) Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations in diabetic patients with and without autonomic neuropathy at rest and during sympathetic stimulation. Diabetologia 23:19–23PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Cheshire WP (2010) Autonomic dysfunction in the elderly. In: Albert ML, Knoefel JE (eds) Clinical Neurology of Aging. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 297–406 Cheshire WP (2010) Autonomic dysfunction in the elderly. In: Albert ML, Knoefel JE (eds) Clinical Neurology of Aging. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 297–406
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Chidsey CA, Braunwald E (1966) Sympathetic activity and neurotransmitter depletion in congestive heart failure. Pharmacol Rev 18:685–700PubMed Chidsey CA, Braunwald E (1966) Sympathetic activity and neurotransmitter depletion in congestive heart failure. Pharmacol Rev 18:685–700PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Christensen NJ, Dejgaard A, Hilsted J (1988) Plasma dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) as an index of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Clin Physiol 8:577–580PubMedCrossRef Christensen NJ, Dejgaard A, Hilsted J (1988) Plasma dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) as an index of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Clin Physiol 8:577–580PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Cook GA, Sullivan P, Holmes C, Goldstein DS (2014) Cardiac sympathetic denervation without Lewy bodies in a case of multiple system atrophy. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 20:926–928PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Cook GA, Sullivan P, Holmes C, Goldstein DS (2014) Cardiac sympathetic denervation without Lewy bodies in a case of multiple system atrophy. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 20:926–928PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Davidson L, Vandongen R, Beilin LJ (1981) Effects of eating bananas on plasma free and sulfate-conjugated catecholamines. Life Sci 29:1773–1778PubMedCrossRef Davidson L, Vandongen R, Beilin LJ (1981) Effects of eating bananas on plasma free and sulfate-conjugated catecholamines. Life Sci 29:1773–1778PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Davies B, Sudera D, Sagnella G, Marchesi-Saviotti E, Mathias C, Bannister R, Sever P (1982) Increased numbers of alpha receptors in sympathetic denervation supersensitivity in man. J Clin Invest 69:779–784PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Davies B, Sudera D, Sagnella G, Marchesi-Saviotti E, Mathias C, Bannister R, Sever P (1982) Increased numbers of alpha receptors in sympathetic denervation supersensitivity in man. J Clin Invest 69:779–784PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Dejgaard A, Hilsted J, Christensen NJ (1986) Noradrenaline and isoproterenol kinetics in diabetic patients with and without autonomic neuropathy. Diabetologia 29:773–777PubMedCrossRef Dejgaard A, Hilsted J, Christensen NJ (1986) Noradrenaline and isoproterenol kinetics in diabetic patients with and without autonomic neuropathy. Diabetologia 29:773–777PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Duncan MW, Compton P, Lazarus L, Smythe GA (1988) Measurement of norepinephrine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol in urine and plasma for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. N Engl J Med 319:136–142PubMedCrossRef Duncan MW, Compton P, Lazarus L, Smythe GA (1988) Measurement of norepinephrine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol in urine and plasma for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. N Engl J Med 319:136–142PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Eckberg DL, Harkins SW, Fritsch JM, Musgrave GE, Gardner DF (1986) Baroreflex control of plasma norepinephrine and heart period in healthy subjects and diabetic patients. J Clin Investig 78:366–374PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Eckberg DL, Harkins SW, Fritsch JM, Musgrave GE, Gardner DF (1986) Baroreflex control of plasma norepinephrine and heart period in healthy subjects and diabetic patients. J Clin Investig 78:366–374PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Eisenhofer G, Esler MD, Meredith IT, Dart A, Cannon RO 3rd, Quyyumi AA, Lambert G, Chin J, Jennings GL, Goldstein DS (1992) Sympathetic nervous function in human heart as assessed by cardiac spillovers of dihydroxyphenylglycol and norepinephrine. Circulation 85:1775–1785PubMedCrossRef Eisenhofer G, Esler MD, Meredith IT, Dart A, Cannon RO 3rd, Quyyumi AA, Lambert G, Chin J, Jennings GL, Goldstein DS (1992) Sympathetic nervous function in human heart as assessed by cardiac spillovers of dihydroxyphenylglycol and norepinephrine. Circulation 85:1775–1785PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Eisenhofer G, Friberg P, Rundqvist B, Quyyumi AA, Lambert G, Kaye DM, Kopin IJ, Goldstein DS, Esler MD (1996) Cardiac sympathetic nerve function in congestive heart failure. Circulation 93:1667–1676PubMedCrossRef Eisenhofer G, Friberg P, Rundqvist B, Quyyumi AA, Lambert G, Kaye DM, Kopin IJ, Goldstein DS, Esler MD (1996) Cardiac sympathetic nerve function in congestive heart failure. Circulation 93:1667–1676PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Eisenhofer G, Goldstein DS, Kopin IJ (1989) Plasma dihydroxyphenylglycol for estimation of noradrenaline neuronal reuptake in the sympathetic nervous system in vivo. Clin Sci 76:171–182PubMedCrossRef Eisenhofer G, Goldstein DS, Kopin IJ (1989) Plasma dihydroxyphenylglycol for estimation of noradrenaline neuronal reuptake in the sympathetic nervous system in vivo. Clin Sci 76:171–182PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Eisenhofer G, Goldstein DS, Ropchak TG, Nguyen HQ, Keiser HR, Kopin IJ (1988) Source and physiological significance of plasma 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol. J Auton Nerv Syst 24:1–14PubMedCrossRef Eisenhofer G, Goldstein DS, Ropchak TG, Nguyen HQ, Keiser HR, Kopin IJ (1988) Source and physiological significance of plasma 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol. J Auton Nerv Syst 24:1–14PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Eisenhofer G, Tian H, Holmes C, Matsunaga J, Roffler-Tarlov S, Hearing VJ (2003) Tyrosinase: a developmentally specific major determinant of peripheral dopamine. FASEB J 17:1248–1255PubMedCrossRef Eisenhofer G, Tian H, Holmes C, Matsunaga J, Roffler-Tarlov S, Hearing VJ (2003) Tyrosinase: a developmentally specific major determinant of peripheral dopamine. FASEB J 17:1248–1255PubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Evans JM, Leonelli FM, Ziegler MG, McIntosh CM, Patwardhan AR, Ertl AC, Kim CS, Knapp CF (2001) Epinephrine, vasodilation and hemoconcentration in syncopal, healthy men and women. Auton Neurosci 93:79–90PubMedCrossRef Evans JM, Leonelli FM, Ziegler MG, McIntosh CM, Patwardhan AR, Ertl AC, Kim CS, Knapp CF (2001) Epinephrine, vasodilation and hemoconcentration in syncopal, healthy men and women. Auton Neurosci 93:79–90PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Fanelli C, Pampanelli S, Lalli C, Del Sindaco P, Ciofetta M, Lepore M, Porcellati F, Bottini P, Di Vincenzo A, Brunetti P, Bolli GB (1997) Long-term intensive therapy of IDDM patients with clinically overt autonomic neuropathy: effects on hypoglycemia awareness and counterregulation. Diabetes 46:1172–1181PubMedCrossRef Fanelli C, Pampanelli S, Lalli C, Del Sindaco P, Ciofetta M, Lepore M, Porcellati F, Bottini P, Di Vincenzo A, Brunetti P, Bolli GB (1997) Long-term intensive therapy of IDDM patients with clinically overt autonomic neuropathy: effects on hypoglycemia awareness and counterregulation. Diabetes 46:1172–1181PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Garland EM, Raj SR, Black BK, Harris PA, Robertson D (2007) The hemodynamic and neurohumoral phenotype of postural tachycardia syndrome. Neurology 69:790–798PubMedCrossRef Garland EM, Raj SR, Black BK, Harris PA, Robertson D (2007) The hemodynamic and neurohumoral phenotype of postural tachycardia syndrome. Neurology 69:790–798PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Gerich JE, Mokan M, Veneman T, Korytkowski M, Mitrakou A (1991) Hypoglycemia unawareness. Endocr Rev 12:356–371PubMedCrossRef Gerich JE, Mokan M, Veneman T, Korytkowski M, Mitrakou A (1991) Hypoglycemia unawareness. Endocr Rev 12:356–371PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein D, Horwitz D, Keiser HR, Polinsky RJ, Kopin IJ (1983) Plasma l-[3H]norepinephrine, d-[14C]norepinephrine, and d, l- [3H]isoproterenol kinetics in essential hypertension. J Clin Investig 72:1748–1758PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Goldstein D, Horwitz D, Keiser HR, Polinsky RJ, Kopin IJ (1983) Plasma l-[3H]norepinephrine, d-[14C]norepinephrine, and d, l- [3H]isoproterenol kinetics in essential hypertension. J Clin Investig 72:1748–1758PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein DS, Eisenhofer G, Kopin IJ (2003) Sources and significance of plasma levels of catechols and their metabolites in humans. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 305:800–811PubMedCrossRef Goldstein DS, Eisenhofer G, Kopin IJ (2003) Sources and significance of plasma levels of catechols and their metabolites in humans. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 305:800–811PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein DS, Eisenhofer G, Stull R, Folio CJ, Keiser HR, Kopin IJ (1988) Plasma dihydroxyphenylglycol and the intraneuronal disposition of norepinephrine in humans. J Clin Invest 81:213–220PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Goldstein DS, Eisenhofer G, Stull R, Folio CJ, Keiser HR, Kopin IJ (1988) Plasma dihydroxyphenylglycol and the intraneuronal disposition of norepinephrine in humans. J Clin Invest 81:213–220PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein DS, Eldadah B, Holmes C, Pechnik S, Moak J, Sharabi Y (2005) Neurocirculatory abnormalities in chronic orthostatic intolerance. Circulation 111:839–845PubMedCrossRef Goldstein DS, Eldadah B, Holmes C, Pechnik S, Moak J, Sharabi Y (2005) Neurocirculatory abnormalities in chronic orthostatic intolerance. Circulation 111:839–845PubMedCrossRef
43.
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein DS, Eldadah BA, Holmes C, Pechnik S, Moak J, Saleem A, Sharabi Y (2005) Neurocirculatory abnormalities in Parkinson disease with orthostatic hypotension: independence from levodopa treatment. Hypertension 46:1333–1339PubMedCrossRef Goldstein DS, Eldadah BA, Holmes C, Pechnik S, Moak J, Saleem A, Sharabi Y (2005) Neurocirculatory abnormalities in Parkinson disease with orthostatic hypotension: independence from levodopa treatment. Hypertension 46:1333–1339PubMedCrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein DS, Grossman E, Listwak S, Folio CJ (1991) Sympathetic reactivity during a yohimbine challenge test in essential hypertension. Hypertension 18(III):40–48 Goldstein DS, Grossman E, Listwak S, Folio CJ (1991) Sympathetic reactivity during a yohimbine challenge test in essential hypertension. Hypertension 18(III):40–48
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein DS, Grossman E, Tamrat M, Chang PC, Eisenhofer G, Bacher J, Kirk KL, Bacharach S, Kopin IJ (1991) Positron emission imaging of cardiac sympathetic innervation and function using 18F-6-fluorodopamine: effects of chemical sympathectomy by 6-hydroxydopamine. J Hypertens 9:417–423PubMedCrossRef Goldstein DS, Grossman E, Tamrat M, Chang PC, Eisenhofer G, Bacher J, Kirk KL, Bacharach S, Kopin IJ (1991) Positron emission imaging of cardiac sympathetic innervation and function using 18F-6-fluorodopamine: effects of chemical sympathectomy by 6-hydroxydopamine. J Hypertens 9:417–423PubMedCrossRef
48.
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein DS, Holmes C, Dendi R, Li ST, Brentzel S, Vernino S (2002) Pandysautonomia associated with impaired ganglionic neurotransmission and circulating antibody to the neuronal nicotinic receptor. Clin Auton Res 12:281–285PubMedCrossRef Goldstein DS, Holmes C, Dendi R, Li ST, Brentzel S, Vernino S (2002) Pandysautonomia associated with impaired ganglionic neurotransmission and circulating antibody to the neuronal nicotinic receptor. Clin Auton Res 12:281–285PubMedCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein DS, Holmes C, Frank SM, Dendi R, Cannon RO 3rd, Sharabi Y, Esler MD, Eisenhofer G (2002) Cardiac sympathetic dysautonomia in chronic orthostatic intolerance syndromes. Circulation 106:2358–2365PubMedCrossRef Goldstein DS, Holmes C, Frank SM, Dendi R, Cannon RO 3rd, Sharabi Y, Esler MD, Eisenhofer G (2002) Cardiac sympathetic dysautonomia in chronic orthostatic intolerance syndromes. Circulation 106:2358–2365PubMedCrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein DS, Holmes C, Frank SM, Naqibuddin M, Dendi R, Snader S, Calkins H (2003) Sympathoadrenal imbalance before neurocardiogenic syncope. Am J Cardiol 91:53–58PubMedCrossRef Goldstein DS, Holmes C, Frank SM, Naqibuddin M, Dendi R, Snader S, Calkins H (2003) Sympathoadrenal imbalance before neurocardiogenic syncope. Am J Cardiol 91:53–58PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein DS, Holmes C, Imrich R (2009) Clinical laboratory evaluation of autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy: preliminary observations. Auton Neurosci 146:18–21PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Goldstein DS, Holmes C, Imrich R (2009) Clinical laboratory evaluation of autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy: preliminary observations. Auton Neurosci 146:18–21PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein DS, Holmes C, Sharabi Y, Brentzel S, Eisenhofer G (2003) Plasma levels of catechols and metanephrines in neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. Neurology 60:1327–1332PubMedCrossRef Goldstein DS, Holmes C, Sharabi Y, Brentzel S, Eisenhofer G (2003) Plasma levels of catechols and metanephrines in neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. Neurology 60:1327–1332PubMedCrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein DS, Holmes C, Sullivan P, Donadio V, Isonaka R, Zhong E, Pourier B, Vernino S, Kopin IJ, Sharabi Y (2017) Autoimmunity-associated autonomic failure with sympathetic denervation. Clin Auton Res 27:57–62PubMedCrossRef Goldstein DS, Holmes C, Sullivan P, Donadio V, Isonaka R, Zhong E, Pourier B, Vernino S, Kopin IJ, Sharabi Y (2017) Autoimmunity-associated autonomic failure with sympathetic denervation. Clin Auton Res 27:57–62PubMedCrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein DS, Holmes CS, Dendi R, Bruce SR, Li ST (2002) Orthostatic hypotension from sympathetic denervation in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 58:1247–1255PubMedCrossRef Goldstein DS, Holmes CS, Dendi R, Bruce SR, Li ST (2002) Orthostatic hypotension from sympathetic denervation in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 58:1247–1255PubMedCrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein DS, Holmes CS, Kaler SG (2009) Relative efficiencies of plasma catechol levels and ratios for neonatal diagnosis of Menkes disease. Neurochem Res 34:1464–1468PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Goldstein DS, Holmes CS, Kaler SG (2009) Relative efficiencies of plasma catechol levels and ratios for neonatal diagnosis of Menkes disease. Neurochem Res 34:1464–1468PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein DS, Kopin IJ, Sharabi Y (2014) Catecholamine autotoxicity. Implications for pharmacology and therapeutics of Parkinson disease and related disorders. Pharmacol Ther 144:268–282PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Goldstein DS, Kopin IJ, Sharabi Y (2014) Catecholamine autotoxicity. Implications for pharmacology and therapeutics of Parkinson disease and related disorders. Pharmacol Ther 144:268–282PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein DS, Levinson PD, Zimlichman R, Pitterman A, Stull R, Keiser HR (1985) Clonidine suppression testing in essential hypertension. Ann Intern Med 102:42–49PubMedCrossRef Goldstein DS, Levinson PD, Zimlichman R, Pitterman A, Stull R, Keiser HR (1985) Clonidine suppression testing in essential hypertension. Ann Intern Med 102:42–49PubMedCrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein DS, McCarty R, Polinsky RJ, Kopin IJ (1983) Relationship between plasma norepinephrine and sympathetic neural activity. Hypertension 5:552–559PubMedCrossRef Goldstein DS, McCarty R, Polinsky RJ, Kopin IJ (1983) Relationship between plasma norepinephrine and sympathetic neural activity. Hypertension 5:552–559PubMedCrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein DS, Nurnberger J Jr, Simmons S, Gershon ES, Polinsky R, Keiser HR (1983) Effects of injected sympathomimetic amines on plasma catecholamines and circulatory variables in man. Life Sci 32:1057–1063PubMedCrossRef Goldstein DS, Nurnberger J Jr, Simmons S, Gershon ES, Polinsky R, Keiser HR (1983) Effects of injected sympathomimetic amines on plasma catecholamines and circulatory variables in man. Life Sci 32:1057–1063PubMedCrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein DS, Polinsky RJ, Garty M, Robertson D, Brown RT, Biaggioni I, Stull R, Kopin IJ (1989) Patterns of plasma levels of catechols in neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. Ann Neurol 26:558–563PubMedCrossRef Goldstein DS, Polinsky RJ, Garty M, Robertson D, Brown RT, Biaggioni I, Stull R, Kopin IJ (1989) Patterns of plasma levels of catechols in neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. Ann Neurol 26:558–563PubMedCrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein DS, Spanarkel M, Pitterman A, Toltzis R, Gratz E, Epstein S, Keiser HR (1982) Circulatory control mechanisms in vasodepressor syncope. Am Heart J 104:1071–1075PubMedCrossRef Goldstein DS, Spanarkel M, Pitterman A, Toltzis R, Gratz E, Epstein S, Keiser HR (1982) Circulatory control mechanisms in vasodepressor syncope. Am Heart J 104:1071–1075PubMedCrossRef
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein DS, Swoboda KJ, Miles JM, Coppack SW, Aneman A, Holmes C, Lamensdorf I, Eisenhofer G (1999) Sources and physiological significance of plasma dopamine sulfate. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:2523–2531PubMedCrossRef Goldstein DS, Swoboda KJ, Miles JM, Coppack SW, Aneman A, Holmes C, Lamensdorf I, Eisenhofer G (1999) Sources and physiological significance of plasma dopamine sulfate. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:2523–2531PubMedCrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein DS, Udelsman R, Eisenhofer G, Stull R, Keiser HR, Kopin IJ (1987) Neuronal source of plasma dihydroxyphenylalanine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 64:856–861PubMedCrossRef Goldstein DS, Udelsman R, Eisenhofer G, Stull R, Keiser HR, Kopin IJ (1987) Neuronal source of plasma dihydroxyphenylalanine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 64:856–861PubMedCrossRef
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein DS, Zimlichman R, Stull R, Keiser HR (1986) Plasma catecholamine and hemodynamic responses during isoproterenol infusions in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 40:233–238PubMedCrossRef Goldstein DS, Zimlichman R, Stull R, Keiser HR (1986) Plasma catecholamine and hemodynamic responses during isoproterenol infusions in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 40:233–238PubMedCrossRef
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein DS, Zimlichman R, Stull R, Keiser HR, Kopin IJ (1986) Estimation of intrasynaptic norepinephrine concentrations in humans. Hypertension 8:471–475PubMedCrossRef Goldstein DS, Zimlichman R, Stull R, Keiser HR, Kopin IJ (1986) Estimation of intrasynaptic norepinephrine concentrations in humans. Hypertension 8:471–475PubMedCrossRef
67.
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Grossman E, Chang PC, Hoffman A, Tamrat M, Kopin IJ, Goldstein DS (1991) Tracer norepinephrine kinetics: dependence on regional blood flow and the site of infusion. Am J Physiol 260:R946–R952PubMed Grossman E, Chang PC, Hoffman A, Tamrat M, Kopin IJ, Goldstein DS (1991) Tracer norepinephrine kinetics: dependence on regional blood flow and the site of infusion. Am J Physiol 260:R946–R952PubMed
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Grossman E, Goldstein DS, Hoffman A, Keiser HR (1991) Glucagon and clonidine testing in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Hypertension 17:733–741PubMedCrossRef Grossman E, Goldstein DS, Hoffman A, Keiser HR (1991) Glucagon and clonidine testing in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Hypertension 17:733–741PubMedCrossRef
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Hilz MJ (2002) Assessment and evaluation of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies with autonomic and neurophysiological examinations. Clin Auton Res 12(Suppl 1):I33–I43PubMedCrossRef Hilz MJ (2002) Assessment and evaluation of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies with autonomic and neurophysiological examinations. Clin Auton Res 12(Suppl 1):I33–I43PubMedCrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoeldtke RD, Boden G, Shuman CR, Owen OE (1982) Reduced epinephrine secretion and hypoglycemia unawareness in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Ann Intern Med 96:459–462PubMedCrossRef Hoeldtke RD, Boden G, Shuman CR, Owen OE (1982) Reduced epinephrine secretion and hypoglycemia unawareness in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Ann Intern Med 96:459–462PubMedCrossRef
72.
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Jacob G, Costa F, Biaggioni I (2003) Spectrum of autonomic cardiovascular neuropathy in diabetes. Diabetes Care 26:2174–2180PubMedCrossRef Jacob G, Costa F, Biaggioni I (2003) Spectrum of autonomic cardiovascular neuropathy in diabetes. Diabetes Care 26:2174–2180PubMedCrossRef
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Jacob G, Costa F, Shannon JR, Robertson RM, Wathen M, Stein M, Biaggioni I, Ertl A, Black B, Robertson D (2000) The neuropathic postural tachycardia syndrome. N Engl J Med 343:1008–1014PubMedCrossRef Jacob G, Costa F, Shannon JR, Robertson RM, Wathen M, Stein M, Biaggioni I, Ertl A, Black B, Robertson D (2000) The neuropathic postural tachycardia syndrome. N Engl J Med 343:1008–1014PubMedCrossRef
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Jacobs MC, Goldstein DS, Willemsen JJ, Smits P, Thien T, Dionne RA, Lenders JW (1995) Neurohumoral antecedents of vasodepressor reactions. Eur J Clin Invest 25:754–761PubMedCrossRef Jacobs MC, Goldstein DS, Willemsen JJ, Smits P, Thien T, Dionne RA, Lenders JW (1995) Neurohumoral antecedents of vasodepressor reactions. Eur J Clin Invest 25:754–761PubMedCrossRef
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Kagedal B, Goldstein DS (1988) Catecholamines and their metabolites. J Chromatog 429:177–233CrossRef Kagedal B, Goldstein DS (1988) Catecholamines and their metabolites. J Chromatog 429:177–233CrossRef
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Kaler SG, Goldstein DS, Holmes C, Salerno JA, Gahl WA (1993) Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid neurochemical pattern in Menkes disease. Ann Neurol 33:171–175PubMedCrossRef Kaler SG, Goldstein DS, Holmes C, Salerno JA, Gahl WA (1993) Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid neurochemical pattern in Menkes disease. Ann Neurol 33:171–175PubMedCrossRef
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Kaler SG, Holmes CS, Goldstein DS, Tang J, Godwin SC, Donsante A, Liew CJ, Sato S, Patronas N (2008) Neonatal diagnosis and treatment of Menkes disease. N Engl J Med 358:605–614PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Kaler SG, Holmes CS, Goldstein DS, Tang J, Godwin SC, Donsante A, Liew CJ, Sato S, Patronas N (2008) Neonatal diagnosis and treatment of Menkes disease. N Engl J Med 358:605–614PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Kaufmann H, Oribe E, Yahr MD (1993) Treatment of orthostatic hypotension with L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine. In: Narabayashi H, Mizuno Y (eds) Norepinephrine deficiency and its treatment with L-threo-DOPS in parkinson’s disease and related disorders. The Parthenon Publishing Group, Pearl River, pp 97–104 Kaufmann H, Oribe E, Yahr MD (1993) Treatment of orthostatic hypotension with L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine. In: Narabayashi H, Mizuno Y (eds) Norepinephrine deficiency and its treatment with L-threo-DOPS in parkinson’s disease and related disorders. The Parthenon Publishing Group, Pearl River, pp 97–104
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Kaufmann H, Saadia D, Voustianiouk A, Goldstein DS, Holmes C, Yahr MD, Nardin R, Freeman R (2003) Norepinephrine precursor therapy in neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. Circulation 108:724–728PubMedCrossRef Kaufmann H, Saadia D, Voustianiouk A, Goldstein DS, Holmes C, Yahr MD, Nardin R, Freeman R (2003) Norepinephrine precursor therapy in neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. Circulation 108:724–728PubMedCrossRef
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Kendall DM, Rooney DP, Smets YF, Salazar Bolding L, Robertson RP (1997) Pancreas transplantation restores epinephrine response and symptom recognition during hypoglycemia in patients with long-standing type I diabetes and autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes 46:249–257PubMedCrossRef Kendall DM, Rooney DP, Smets YF, Salazar Bolding L, Robertson RP (1997) Pancreas transplantation restores epinephrine response and symptom recognition during hypoglycemia in patients with long-standing type I diabetes and autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes 46:249–257PubMedCrossRef
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Kikushima S, Kobayashi Y, Nakagawa H, Katagiri T (1999) Triggering mechanism for neurally mediated syncope induced by head-up tilt test: role of catecholamines and response to propranolol. J Am Coll Cardiol 33:350–357PubMedCrossRef Kikushima S, Kobayashi Y, Nakagawa H, Katagiri T (1999) Triggering mechanism for neurally mediated syncope induced by head-up tilt test: role of catecholamines and response to propranolol. J Am Coll Cardiol 33:350–357PubMedCrossRef
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Kontos HA, Richardson DW, Norvell JE (1975) Norepinephrine depletion in idiopathic orthostatic hypotension. Ann Intern Med 82:336–341PubMedCrossRef Kontos HA, Richardson DW, Norvell JE (1975) Norepinephrine depletion in idiopathic orthostatic hypotension. Ann Intern Med 82:336–341PubMedCrossRef
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Kopin IJ, Axelrod J (1960) 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol, a metabolite of epinephrine. Arch Biochem Biophys 89:148PubMedCrossRef Kopin IJ, Axelrod J (1960) 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol, a metabolite of epinephrine. Arch Biochem Biophys 89:148PubMedCrossRef
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Kuchel O (1998) Increased plasma dopamine in patients presenting with the pseudopheochromocytoma quandary: retrospective analysis of 10 years’ experience. J Hypertens 16:1531–1537PubMedCrossRef Kuchel O (1998) Increased plasma dopamine in patients presenting with the pseudopheochromocytoma quandary: retrospective analysis of 10 years’ experience. J Hypertens 16:1531–1537PubMedCrossRef
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Kvetnansky R, Armando I, Weise VK, Holmes C, Fukuhara K, Deka-Starosta A, Kopin IJ, Goldstein DS (1992) Plasma dopa responses during stress: dependence on sympathoneural activity and tyrosine hydroxylation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 261:899–909PubMed Kvetnansky R, Armando I, Weise VK, Holmes C, Fukuhara K, Deka-Starosta A, Kopin IJ, Goldstein DS (1992) Plasma dopa responses during stress: dependence on sympathoneural activity and tyrosine hydroxylation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 261:899–909PubMed
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Lake CR, Ziegler MG, Kopin IJ (1976) Use of plasma norepinephrine for evaluation of sympathetic neuronal function in man. Life Sci 18:1315–1325PubMedCrossRef Lake CR, Ziegler MG, Kopin IJ (1976) Use of plasma norepinephrine for evaluation of sympathetic neuronal function in man. Life Sci 18:1315–1325PubMedCrossRef
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Lamensdorf I, Hrycyna C, He LP, Nechushtan A, Tjurmina O, Harvey-White J, Eisenhofer G, Rojas E, Kopin IJ (2000) Acidic dopamine metabolites are actively extruded from PC12 cells by a novel sulfonylurea-sensitive transporter. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 361:654–664PubMedCrossRef Lamensdorf I, Hrycyna C, He LP, Nechushtan A, Tjurmina O, Harvey-White J, Eisenhofer G, Rojas E, Kopin IJ (2000) Acidic dopamine metabolites are actively extruded from PC12 cells by a novel sulfonylurea-sensitive transporter. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 361:654–664PubMedCrossRef
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Lenders JW, Pacak K, Walther MM, Linehan WM, Mannelli M, Friberg P, Keiser HR, Goldstein DS, Eisenhofer G (2002) Biochemical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma: which test is best? JAMA 287:1427–1434PubMedCrossRef Lenders JW, Pacak K, Walther MM, Linehan WM, Mannelli M, Friberg P, Keiser HR, Goldstein DS, Eisenhofer G (2002) Biochemical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma: which test is best? JAMA 287:1427–1434PubMedCrossRef
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Leveston SA, Shah SD, Cryer PE (1979) Cholinergic stimulation of norepinephrine release in man. Evidence of a sympathetic postganglionic axonal lesion in diabetic adrenergic neuropathy. J Clin Invest 64:374–380PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Leveston SA, Shah SD, Cryer PE (1979) Cholinergic stimulation of norepinephrine release in man. Evidence of a sympathetic postganglionic axonal lesion in diabetic adrenergic neuropathy. J Clin Invest 64:374–380PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Louis WJ, Doyle AE, Anavekar S (1973) Plasma norepinephrine levels in essential hypertension. N Engl J Med 288:599–601PubMedCrossRef Louis WJ, Doyle AE, Anavekar S (1973) Plasma norepinephrine levels in essential hypertension. N Engl J Med 288:599–601PubMedCrossRef
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Magnay JL, Tong J, Drangova R, Baines AD (2001) Production of cysteinyl-dopamine during intravenous dopamine therapy. Kidney Int 59:1891–1898PubMedCrossRef Magnay JL, Tong J, Drangova R, Baines AD (2001) Production of cysteinyl-dopamine during intravenous dopamine therapy. Kidney Int 59:1891–1898PubMedCrossRef
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Veld AJ, Boomsma F, van den Meiracker AH, Julien C, Lenders J, Schalekamp MA (1988) d, l-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine restores sympathetic control and cures orthostatic hypotension in dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency. J Hypertens Suppl 6:S547–S549CrossRef Veld AJ, Boomsma F, van den Meiracker AH, Julien C, Lenders J, Schalekamp MA (1988) d, l-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine restores sympathetic control and cures orthostatic hypotension in dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency. J Hypertens Suppl 6:S547–S549CrossRef
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Mann SJ (1999) Severe paroxysmal hypertension (pseudopheochromocytoma): understanding the cause and treatment. Arch Intern Med 159:670–674PubMedCrossRef Mann SJ (1999) Severe paroxysmal hypertension (pseudopheochromocytoma): understanding the cause and treatment. Arch Intern Med 159:670–674PubMedCrossRef
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Maser RE, Mitchell BD, Vinik AI, Freeman R (2003) The association between cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and mortality in individuals with diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 26:1895–1901PubMedCrossRef Maser RE, Mitchell BD, Vinik AI, Freeman R (2003) The association between cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and mortality in individuals with diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 26:1895–1901PubMedCrossRef
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Mason DT, Kopin IJ, Braunwald E (1966) Abnormalities in reflex control of the circulation in familial dysautonomia. Effects of changes in posture on venous and arterial constriction in normal subjects and in patients with dysautonomia. Am J Med 41:898–909PubMedCrossRef Mason DT, Kopin IJ, Braunwald E (1966) Abnormalities in reflex control of the circulation in familial dysautonomia. Effects of changes in posture on venous and arterial constriction in normal subjects and in patients with dysautonomia. Am J Med 41:898–909PubMedCrossRef
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Mathias CJ, Senard JM, Braune S, Watson L, Aragishi A, Keeling JE, Taylor MD (2001) L-threo-dihydroxyphenylserine (L-threo-DOPS; droxidopa) in the management of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: a multi-national, multi-center, dose-ranging study in multiple system atrophy and pure autonomic failure. Clin Auton Res 11:235–242PubMedCrossRef Mathias CJ, Senard JM, Braune S, Watson L, Aragishi A, Keeling JE, Taylor MD (2001) L-threo-dihydroxyphenylserine (L-threo-DOPS; droxidopa) in the management of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: a multi-national, multi-center, dose-ranging study in multiple system atrophy and pure autonomic failure. Clin Auton Res 11:235–242PubMedCrossRef
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Meredith IT, Eisenhofer G, Lambert GW, Jennings GL, Thompson J, Esler MD (1992) Plasma norepinephrine responses to head-up tilt are misleading in autonomic failure. Hypertension 19:628–633PubMedCrossRef Meredith IT, Eisenhofer G, Lambert GW, Jennings GL, Thompson J, Esler MD (1992) Plasma norepinephrine responses to head-up tilt are misleading in autonomic failure. Hypertension 19:628–633PubMedCrossRef
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Nagamachi S, Jinnouchi S, Kurose T, Ohnishi T, Flores LG 2nd, Nakahara H, Futami S, Tamura S, Matsukura S (1998) 123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy in diabetic patients: relationship with 201Tl uptake and cardiac autonomic function. Ann Nucl Med 12:323–331PubMedCrossRef Nagamachi S, Jinnouchi S, Kurose T, Ohnishi T, Flores LG 2nd, Nakahara H, Futami S, Tamura S, Matsukura S (1998) 123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy in diabetic patients: relationship with 201Tl uptake and cardiac autonomic function. Ann Nucl Med 12:323–331PubMedCrossRef
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Niimi Y, Ieda T, Hirayama M, Koike Y, Sobue G, Hasegawa Y, Takahashi A (1999) Clinical and physiological characteristics of autonomic failure with Parkinson’s disease. Clin Auton Res 9:139–144PubMedCrossRef Niimi Y, Ieda T, Hirayama M, Koike Y, Sobue G, Hasegawa Y, Takahashi A (1999) Clinical and physiological characteristics of autonomic failure with Parkinson’s disease. Clin Auton Res 9:139–144PubMedCrossRef
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Nimmo JE, Gawkrodger DJ, O’Docherty CS, Going SM, Percy-Robb IW, Hunter JA (1988) Plasma 5-S-cysteinyldopa as an index of melanogenesis. Br J Dermatol 118:487–495PubMedCrossRef Nimmo JE, Gawkrodger DJ, O’Docherty CS, Going SM, Percy-Robb IW, Hunter JA (1988) Plasma 5-S-cysteinyldopa as an index of melanogenesis. Br J Dermatol 118:487–495PubMedCrossRef
103.
Zurück zum Zitat Norcliffe-Kaufmann L, Katz SD, Axelrod F, Kaufmann H (2015) Norepinephrine deficiency with normal blood pressure control in congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis. Ann Neurol 77:743–752PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Norcliffe-Kaufmann L, Katz SD, Axelrod F, Kaufmann H (2015) Norepinephrine deficiency with normal blood pressure control in congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis. Ann Neurol 77:743–752PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Oka H, Morita M, Onouchi K, Yoshioka M, Mochio S, Inoue K (2007) Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Sci 254:72–77PubMedCrossRef Oka H, Morita M, Onouchi K, Yoshioka M, Mochio S, Inoue K (2007) Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Sci 254:72–77PubMedCrossRef
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Pearson J, Brandeis L, Goldstein M (1979) Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in familial dysautonomia. Science 206:71–72PubMedCrossRef Pearson J, Brandeis L, Goldstein M (1979) Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in familial dysautonomia. Science 206:71–72PubMedCrossRef
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Polinsky RJ, Goldstein DS, Brown RT, Keiser HR, Kopin IJ (1985) Decreased sympathetic neuronal uptake in idiopathic orthostatic hypotension. Ann Neurol 18:48–53PubMedCrossRef Polinsky RJ, Goldstein DS, Brown RT, Keiser HR, Kopin IJ (1985) Decreased sympathetic neuronal uptake in idiopathic orthostatic hypotension. Ann Neurol 18:48–53PubMedCrossRef
107.
Zurück zum Zitat Rios M, Habecker B, Sasaoka T, Eisenhofer G, Tian H, Landis S, Chikaraishi D, Roffler-Tarlov S (1999) Catecholamine synthesis is mediated by tyrosinase in the absence of tyrosine hydroxylase. J Neurosci 19:3519–3526PubMedCrossRef Rios M, Habecker B, Sasaoka T, Eisenhofer G, Tian H, Landis S, Chikaraishi D, Roffler-Tarlov S (1999) Catecholamine synthesis is mediated by tyrosinase in the absence of tyrosine hydroxylase. J Neurosci 19:3519–3526PubMedCrossRef
108.
Zurück zum Zitat Scriven AJI, Dollery CT, Murphy MB, Macquin I, Brown MJ (1983) Blood pressure and plasma norepinephrine concentrations after endogenous norepinephrine release by tyramine. Clin Pharmacol Therap 33:710–716CrossRef Scriven AJI, Dollery CT, Murphy MB, Macquin I, Brown MJ (1983) Blood pressure and plasma norepinephrine concentrations after endogenous norepinephrine release by tyramine. Clin Pharmacol Therap 33:710–716CrossRef
109.
Zurück zum Zitat Senard JM, Rai S, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Brefel C, Rascol O, Rascol A, Montastruc JL (1997) Prevalence of orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 63:584–589PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Senard JM, Rai S, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Brefel C, Rascol O, Rascol A, Montastruc JL (1997) Prevalence of orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 63:584–589PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
110.
Zurück zum Zitat Shannon JR, Flattem NL, Jordan J, Jacob G, Black BK, Biaggioni I, Blakely RD, Robertson D (2000) Orthostatic intolerance and tachycardia associated with norepinephrine-transporter deficiency. N Engl J Med 342:541–549PubMedCrossRef Shannon JR, Flattem NL, Jordan J, Jacob G, Black BK, Biaggioni I, Blakely RD, Robertson D (2000) Orthostatic intolerance and tachycardia associated with norepinephrine-transporter deficiency. N Engl J Med 342:541–549PubMedCrossRef
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Shannon JR, Jordan J, Diedrich A, Pohar B, Black BK, Robertson D, Biaggioni I (2000) Sympathetically mediated hypertension in autonomic failure. Circulation 101:2710–2715PubMedCrossRef Shannon JR, Jordan J, Diedrich A, Pohar B, Black BK, Robertson D, Biaggioni I (2000) Sympathetically mediated hypertension in autonomic failure. Circulation 101:2710–2715PubMedCrossRef
112.
Zurück zum Zitat Sharabi Y, Eldadah B, Li ST, Dendi R, Pechnik S, Holmes C, Goldstein DS (2006) Neuropharmacologic distinction of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension syndromes. Clin Neuropharmacol 29:97–105PubMedCrossRef Sharabi Y, Eldadah B, Li ST, Dendi R, Pechnik S, Holmes C, Goldstein DS (2006) Neuropharmacologic distinction of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension syndromes. Clin Neuropharmacol 29:97–105PubMedCrossRef
113.
Zurück zum Zitat Sharabi Y, Goldstein DS, Bentho O, Saleem A, Pechnik S, Geraci MF, Holmes C, Pacak K, Eisenhofer G (2007) Sympathoadrenal function in patients with paroxysmal hypertension: pseudopheochromocytoma. J Hypertens 25:2286–2295PubMedCrossRef Sharabi Y, Goldstein DS, Bentho O, Saleem A, Pechnik S, Geraci MF, Holmes C, Pacak K, Eisenhofer G (2007) Sympathoadrenal function in patients with paroxysmal hypertension: pseudopheochromocytoma. J Hypertens 25:2286–2295PubMedCrossRef
114.
Zurück zum Zitat Sharabi Y, Imrich R, Holmes C, Pechnik S, Goldstein DS (2008) Generalized and neurotransmitter-selective noradrenergic denervation in Parkinson’s disease with orthostatic hypotension. Mov Disord 23:1725–1732PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Sharabi Y, Imrich R, Holmes C, Pechnik S, Goldstein DS (2008) Generalized and neurotransmitter-selective noradrenergic denervation in Parkinson’s disease with orthostatic hypotension. Mov Disord 23:1725–1732PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
115.
Zurück zum Zitat Smith A, Farbman A, Dancis J (1965) Absence of taste-bud papillae in familial dysautonomia. Science 147:1040–1041PubMedCrossRef Smith A, Farbman A, Dancis J (1965) Absence of taste-bud papillae in familial dysautonomia. Science 147:1040–1041PubMedCrossRef
116.
Zurück zum Zitat Streeten DH, Anderson GH Jr (1996) Mechanisms of orthostatic hypotension and tachycardia in patients with pheochromocytoma. Am J Hypertens 9:760–769PubMedCrossRef Streeten DH, Anderson GH Jr (1996) Mechanisms of orthostatic hypotension and tachycardia in patients with pheochromocytoma. Am J Hypertens 9:760–769PubMedCrossRef
117.
Zurück zum Zitat Streeten DH, Anderson GH Jr, Richardson R, Thomas FD (1988) Abnormal orthostatic changes in blood pressure and heart rate in subjects with intact sympathetic nervous function: evidence for excessive venous pooling. J Lab Clin Med 111:326–335PubMed Streeten DH, Anderson GH Jr, Richardson R, Thomas FD (1988) Abnormal orthostatic changes in blood pressure and heart rate in subjects with intact sympathetic nervous function: evidence for excessive venous pooling. J Lab Clin Med 111:326–335PubMed
118.
Zurück zum Zitat Suzuki T, Higa S, Sakoda S, Hayashi A, Yamamura Y, Takaba Y, Nakajima A (1981) Orthostatic hypotension in familial amyloid polyneuropathy: treatment with DL-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine. Neurology 31:1323–1326PubMedCrossRef Suzuki T, Higa S, Sakoda S, Hayashi A, Yamamura Y, Takaba Y, Nakajima A (1981) Orthostatic hypotension in familial amyloid polyneuropathy: treatment with DL-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine. Neurology 31:1323–1326PubMedCrossRef
119.
Zurück zum Zitat Swoboda KJ, Hyland K, Goldstein DS, Kuban KC, Arnold LA, Holmes CS, Levy HL (1999) Clinical and therapeutic observations in aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency. Neurology 53:1205–1211PubMedCrossRef Swoboda KJ, Hyland K, Goldstein DS, Kuban KC, Arnold LA, Holmes CS, Levy HL (1999) Clinical and therapeutic observations in aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency. Neurology 53:1205–1211PubMedCrossRef
120.
Zurück zum Zitat Swoboda KJ, Saul JP, McKenna CE, Speller NB, Hyland K (2003) Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency: overview of clinical features and outcomes. Ann Neurol 54(Suppl 6):S49–S55PubMedCrossRef Swoboda KJ, Saul JP, McKenna CE, Speller NB, Hyland K (2003) Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency: overview of clinical features and outcomes. Ann Neurol 54(Suppl 6):S49–S55PubMedCrossRef
121.
Zurück zum Zitat Takase B, Kastushika S, Hamabe A, Uehata A, Isojima K, Satomura K, Nishioka T, Ohsuzu F, Kurita A (2001) Significance of circulatory epinephrine levels in exercise-induced neurally mediated syncope. Clin Cardiol 24:15–20PubMedCrossRef Takase B, Kastushika S, Hamabe A, Uehata A, Isojima K, Satomura K, Nishioka T, Ohsuzu F, Kurita A (2001) Significance of circulatory epinephrine levels in exercise-induced neurally mediated syncope. Clin Cardiol 24:15–20PubMedCrossRef
122.
Zurück zum Zitat Tatar P, Bulas J, Kvetnansky R, Strec V (1986) Venous plasma adrenaline response to orthostatic syncope during tilting in healthy men. Clin Physiol 6:303–309PubMedCrossRef Tatar P, Bulas J, Kvetnansky R, Strec V (1986) Venous plasma adrenaline response to orthostatic syncope during tilting in healthy men. Clin Physiol 6:303–309PubMedCrossRef
123.
Zurück zum Zitat Thaisetthawatkul P, Boeve BF, Benarroch EE, Sandroni P, Ferman TJ, Petersen R, Low PA (2004) Autonomic dysfunction in dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurology 62:1804–1809PubMedCrossRef Thaisetthawatkul P, Boeve BF, Benarroch EE, Sandroni P, Ferman TJ, Petersen R, Low PA (2004) Autonomic dysfunction in dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurology 62:1804–1809PubMedCrossRef
124.
Zurück zum Zitat Tohgi H, Sano M, Sasaki K, Suzuki H, Sato T, Iwasaki T, Satodate R (1989) Acute autonomic and sensory neuropathy: report of an autopsy case. Acta Neuropathol 77:659–663PubMedCrossRef Tohgi H, Sano M, Sasaki K, Suzuki H, Sato T, Iwasaki T, Satodate R (1989) Acute autonomic and sensory neuropathy: report of an autopsy case. Acta Neuropathol 77:659–663PubMedCrossRef
125.
Zurück zum Zitat Turpeinen AK, Vanninen E, Kuikka JT, Uusitupa MI (1996) Demonstration of regional sympathetic denervation of the heart in diabetes. Comparison between patients with NIDDM and IDDM. Diabetes Care 19:1083–1090PubMedCrossRef Turpeinen AK, Vanninen E, Kuikka JT, Uusitupa MI (1996) Demonstration of regional sympathetic denervation of the heart in diabetes. Comparison between patients with NIDDM and IDDM. Diabetes Care 19:1083–1090PubMedCrossRef
126.
Zurück zum Zitat Velseboer DC, de Haan RJ, Wieling W, Goldstein DS, de Bie RM (2011) Prevalence of orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 17:724–729PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Velseboer DC, de Haan RJ, Wieling W, Goldstein DS, de Bie RM (2011) Prevalence of orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 17:724–729PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
127.
Zurück zum Zitat Vincent S, Bieck PR, Garland EM, Loghin C, Bymaster FP, Black BK, Gonzales C, Potter WZ, Robertson D (2004) Clinical assessment of norepinephrine transporter blockade through biochemical and pharmacological profiles. Circulation 109:3202–3207PubMedCrossRef Vincent S, Bieck PR, Garland EM, Loghin C, Bymaster FP, Black BK, Gonzales C, Potter WZ, Robertson D (2004) Clinical assessment of norepinephrine transporter blockade through biochemical and pharmacological profiles. Circulation 109:3202–3207PubMedCrossRef
128.
Zurück zum Zitat Weinshilboum RM, Axelrod J (1971) Reduced plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in familial dysautonomia. N Engl J Med 285:938–942PubMedCrossRef Weinshilboum RM, Axelrod J (1971) Reduced plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in familial dysautonomia. N Engl J Med 285:938–942PubMedCrossRef
129.
Zurück zum Zitat Wittstein IS, Thiemann DR, Lima JA, Baughman KL, Schulman SP, Gerstenblith G, Wu KC, Rade JJ, Bivalacqua TJ, Champion HC (2005) Neurohumoral features of myocardial stunning due to sudden emotional stress. N Engl J Med 352:539–548PubMedCrossRef Wittstein IS, Thiemann DR, Lima JA, Baughman KL, Schulman SP, Gerstenblith G, Wu KC, Rade JJ, Bivalacqua TJ, Champion HC (2005) Neurohumoral features of myocardial stunning due to sudden emotional stress. N Engl J Med 352:539–548PubMedCrossRef
130.
Zurück zum Zitat Y-Hassan S, Tornvall P (2018) Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of takotsubo syndrome. Clin Auton Res 28:53–65PubMedCrossRef Y-Hassan S, Tornvall P (2018) Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of takotsubo syndrome. Clin Auton Res 28:53–65PubMedCrossRef
131.
Zurück zum Zitat Young RR, Asbury AK, Adams RD, Corbett JL (1969) Pure pan-dysautonomia with recovery. Trans Am Neurol Assoc 94:355–357PubMed Young RR, Asbury AK, Adams RD, Corbett JL (1969) Pure pan-dysautonomia with recovery. Trans Am Neurol Assoc 94:355–357PubMed
132.
Zurück zum Zitat Ziegler MG, Lake CR, Kopin IJ (1976) Deficient sympathetic nervous response in familial dysautonomia. N Engl J Med 294:630–633PubMedCrossRef Ziegler MG, Lake CR, Kopin IJ (1976) Deficient sympathetic nervous response in familial dysautonomia. N Engl J Med 294:630–633PubMedCrossRef
133.
Zurück zum Zitat Ziegler MG, Lake CR, Kopin IJ (1977) The sympathetic-nervous-system defect in primary orthostatic hypotension. N Engl J Med 296:293–297PubMedCrossRef Ziegler MG, Lake CR, Kopin IJ (1977) The sympathetic-nervous-system defect in primary orthostatic hypotension. N Engl J Med 296:293–297PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Roles of catechol neurochemistry in autonomic function testing
verfasst von
David S. Goldstein
William P. Cheshire
Publikationsdatum
28.04.2018
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Clinical Autonomic Research / Ausgabe 3/2018
Print ISSN: 0959-9851
Elektronische ISSN: 1619-1560
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10286-018-0528-9

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2018

Clinical Autonomic Research 3/2018 Zur Ausgabe