Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Obesity Surgery 4/2017

26.01.2017 | Review Article

RYGB and Drug Disposition: How to Do Better? Analysis of Pharmacokinetic Studies and Recommendations for Clinical Practice

verfasst von: Lorry Hachon, Xavier Declèves, Pauline Faucher, Claire Carette, Célia Lloret-Linares

Erschienen in: Obesity Surgery | Ausgabe 4/2017

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

An important issue in the follow-up of patients with bariatric surgery remains to determine whether their therapeutic management should be different after surgery. In this article, we first reviewed all pharmacokinetic studies involving at least four subjects who underwent the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) bariatric surgery. Twenty-five publications were selected and, overall, 25 drugs were studied. Drug solubility and permeability parameters for each drug were defined using different parameters or classifications. Increased rates of oral drug absorption were predominantly observed. Conversely, drug exposure differed from one drug to another. Considering the galenic formulation and the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class may help the prediction of oral drug exposure outcome after RYGB. We propose a strategy aiming to guide prescription and drug monitoring in patients with RYGB. But further research is clearly needed due to the unique characteristics of the bariatric population. Priority should be given to drugs that do not have clinical or biological surrogates for dose adaptation.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Sjöström L. Review of the key results from the Swedish obese subjects (SOS) trial—a prospective controlled intervention study of bariatric surgery. J Intern Med. 2013;273(3):219–34.CrossRefPubMed Sjöström L. Review of the key results from the Swedish obese subjects (SOS) trial—a prospective controlled intervention study of bariatric surgery. J Intern Med. 2013;273(3):219–34.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Sjöström CD, Lissner L, Wedel H, et al. Reduction in incidence of diabetes, hypertension and lipid disturbances after intentional weight loss induced by bariatric surgery: the SOS intervention study. Obes Res. 1999;7(5):477–84.CrossRefPubMed Sjöström CD, Lissner L, Wedel H, et al. Reduction in incidence of diabetes, hypertension and lipid disturbances after intentional weight loss induced by bariatric surgery: the SOS intervention study. Obes Res. 1999;7(5):477–84.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Chang SH, Stoll CR, Song J, et al. The effectiveness and risks of bariatric surgery: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis, 2003-2012. JAMA Surg. 2014;149(3):275–87.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Chang SH, Stoll CR, Song J, et al. The effectiveness and risks of bariatric surgery: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis, 2003-2012. JAMA Surg. 2014;149(3):275–87.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
4.
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Nguyen NT, Nguyen B, Gebhart A, et al. Changes in the makeup of bariatric surgery: a national increase in use of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. J Am Coll Surg. 2013;216(2):252–7.CrossRefPubMed Nguyen NT, Nguyen B, Gebhart A, et al. Changes in the makeup of bariatric surgery: a national increase in use of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. J Am Coll Surg. 2013;216(2):252–7.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Padwal R, Brocks D, Sharma AM. A systematic review of drug absorption following bariatric surgery and its theoretical implications. Obes Rev. 2010;11(1):41–50.CrossRefPubMed Padwal R, Brocks D, Sharma AM. A systematic review of drug absorption following bariatric surgery and its theoretical implications. Obes Rev. 2010;11(1):41–50.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Brocks DR, Ben-Eltriki M, Gabr RQ, et al. The effects of gastric bypass surgery on drug absorption and pharmacokinetics. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2012;8(12):1505–19.CrossRefPubMed Brocks DR, Ben-Eltriki M, Gabr RQ, et al. The effects of gastric bypass surgery on drug absorption and pharmacokinetics. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2012;8(12):1505–19.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Darwich AS, Pade D, Ammori BJ, et al. A mechanistic pharmacokinetic model to assess modified oral drug bioavailability post bariatric surgery in morbidly obese patients: interplay between CYP3A gut wall metabolism, permeability and dissolution. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2012;64(7):1008–24.CrossRefPubMed Darwich AS, Pade D, Ammori BJ, et al. A mechanistic pharmacokinetic model to assess modified oral drug bioavailability post bariatric surgery in morbidly obese patients: interplay between CYP3A gut wall metabolism, permeability and dissolution. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2012;64(7):1008–24.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat De Smet J, Van Bocxlaer J, Boussery K. The influence of bypass procedures and other anatomical changes in the gastrointestinal tract on the oral bioavailability of drugs. J Clin Pharmacol. 2013;53(4):361–76.CrossRefPubMed De Smet J, Van Bocxlaer J, Boussery K. The influence of bypass procedures and other anatomical changes in the gastrointestinal tract on the oral bioavailability of drugs. J Clin Pharmacol. 2013;53(4):361–76.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Stein J, Stier C, Raab H, et al. Review article: the nutritional and pharmacological consequences of obesity surgery. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014;40(6):582–609.CrossRefPubMed Stein J, Stier C, Raab H, et al. Review article: the nutritional and pharmacological consequences of obesity surgery. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014;40(6):582–609.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Greenblatt HK, Greenblatt DJ. Altered drug disposition following bariatric surgery: a research challenge. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2015;54(6):573–9.CrossRefPubMed Greenblatt HK, Greenblatt DJ. Altered drug disposition following bariatric surgery: a research challenge. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2015;54(6):573–9.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Skottheim IB, Stormark K, Christensen H, et al. Significantly altered systemic exposure to atorvastatin acid following gastric bypass surgery in morbidly obese patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009;86(3):311–8.CrossRefPubMed Skottheim IB, Stormark K, Christensen H, et al. Significantly altered systemic exposure to atorvastatin acid following gastric bypass surgery in morbidly obese patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009;86(3):311–8.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Jakobsen GS, Skottheim IB, Sandbu R, et al. Long-term effects of gastric bypass and duodenal switch on systemic exposure of atorvastatin. Surg Endosc. 2013;27(6):2094–101.CrossRefPubMed Jakobsen GS, Skottheim IB, Sandbu R, et al. Long-term effects of gastric bypass and duodenal switch on systemic exposure of atorvastatin. Surg Endosc. 2013;27(6):2094–101.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Irwin AN, McCool KH, Delate T, et al. Assessment of warfarin dosing requirements after bariatric surgery in patients requiring long-term warfarin therapy. Pharmacotherapy. 2013;33(11):1175–83.CrossRefPubMed Irwin AN, McCool KH, Delate T, et al. Assessment of warfarin dosing requirements after bariatric surgery in patients requiring long-term warfarin therapy. Pharmacotherapy. 2013;33(11):1175–83.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Steffen KJ, Wonderlich JA, Erickson AL, et al. Comparison of warfarin dosages and international normalized ratios before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Pharmacotherapy. 2015;35(9):876–80.CrossRefPubMed Steffen KJ, Wonderlich JA, Erickson AL, et al. Comparison of warfarin dosages and international normalized ratios before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Pharmacotherapy. 2015;35(9):876–80.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Hamad GG, Helsel JC, Perel JM, et al. The effect of gastric bypass on the pharmacokinetics of serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Am J Psychiatry. 2012;169(3):256–63.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hamad GG, Helsel JC, Perel JM, et al. The effect of gastric bypass on the pharmacokinetics of serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Am J Psychiatry. 2012;169(3):256–63.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Dahan A, Miller JM, Amidon GL. Prediction of solubility and permeability class membership: provisional BCS classification of the world’s top oral drugs. AAPS J. 2009;11(4):740–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Dahan A, Miller JM, Amidon GL. Prediction of solubility and permeability class membership: provisional BCS classification of the world’s top oral drugs. AAPS J. 2009;11(4):740–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
18.
Zurück zum Zitat : Shah VP, Amidon GL. G.L. Amidon, H. Lennernas, V.P. Shah, and J.R. Crison. A theoretical basis for a biopharmaceutic drug classification: the correlation of in vitro drug product dissolution and in vivo bioavailability, Pharm Res 12, 413-420, 1995--backstory of BCS. AAPS J 2014;16(5):894–898. : Shah VP, Amidon GL. G.L. Amidon, H. Lennernas, V.P. Shah, and J.R. Crison. A theoretical basis for a biopharmaceutic drug classification: the correlation of in vitro drug product dissolution and in vivo bioavailability, Pharm Res 12, 413-420, 1995--backstory of BCS. AAPS J 2014;16(5):894–898.
19.
Zurück zum Zitat De Smet J, Colin P, De Paepe P, et al. Oral bioavailability of moxifloxacin after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012;67(1):226–9.CrossRefPubMed De Smet J, Colin P, De Paepe P, et al. Oral bioavailability of moxifloxacin after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012;67(1):226–9.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Colin P, Eleveld DJ, Struys MM, et al. Moxifloxacin dosing in post-bariatric surgery patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2014;78(1):84–93.CrossRefPubMed Colin P, Eleveld DJ, Struys MM, et al. Moxifloxacin dosing in post-bariatric surgery patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2014;78(1):84–93.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Padwal RS, Ben-Eltriki M, Wang X, et al. Effect of gastric bypass surgery on azithromycin oral bioavailability. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012;67(9):2203–6.CrossRefPubMed Padwal RS, Ben-Eltriki M, Wang X, et al. Effect of gastric bypass surgery on azithromycin oral bioavailability. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012;67(9):2203–6.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Hamilton R, Thai XC, Ameri D, et al. Oral bioavailability of linezolid before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery: is dose modification necessary in obese subjects? J Antimicrob Chemother. 2013;68(3):666–73.CrossRefPubMed Hamilton R, Thai XC, Ameri D, et al. Oral bioavailability of linezolid before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery: is dose modification necessary in obese subjects? J Antimicrob Chemother. 2013;68(3):666–73.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Rogers CC, Alloway RR, Alexander JW, et al. Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid, tacrolimus and sirolimus after gastric bypass surgery in end-stage renal disease and transplant patients: a pilot study. Clin Transpl. 2008;22(3):281–91.CrossRef Rogers CC, Alloway RR, Alexander JW, et al. Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid, tacrolimus and sirolimus after gastric bypass surgery in end-stage renal disease and transplant patients: a pilot study. Clin Transpl. 2008;22(3):281–91.CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Roerig JL, Steffen K, Zimmerman C, et al. Preliminary comparison of sertraline levels in postbariatric surgery patients versus matched nonsurgical cohort. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2012;8(1):62–6.CrossRefPubMed Roerig JL, Steffen K, Zimmerman C, et al. Preliminary comparison of sertraline levels in postbariatric surgery patients versus matched nonsurgical cohort. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2012;8(1):62–6.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Roerig JL, Steffen KJ, Zimmerman C, et al. A comparison of duloxetine plasma levels in postbariatric surgery patients versus matched nonsurgical control subjects. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2013;33(4):479–84.CrossRefPubMed Roerig JL, Steffen KJ, Zimmerman C, et al. A comparison of duloxetine plasma levels in postbariatric surgery patients versus matched nonsurgical control subjects. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2013;33(4):479–84.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Marzinke MA, Petrides AK, Steele K, et al. Decreased escitalopram concentrations post-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Ther Drug Monit. 2015;37(3):408–12.CrossRefPubMed Marzinke MA, Petrides AK, Steele K, et al. Decreased escitalopram concentrations post-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Ther Drug Monit. 2015;37(3):408–12.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Lloret-Linares C, Hirt D, Bardin C, et al. Effect of a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on the pharmacokinetics of oral morphine using a population approach. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2014;53(10):919–30.CrossRefPubMed Lloret-Linares C, Hirt D, Bardin C, et al. Effect of a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on the pharmacokinetics of oral morphine using a population approach. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2014;53(10):919–30.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Mitrov-Winkelmolen L, van Buul-Gast MC, Swank DJ, et al. The effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in morbidly obese patients on pharmacokinetics of (acetyl)salicylic acid and omeprazole: the ERY-PAO study. Obes Surg. 2016;26(9):2051–8.CrossRefPubMed Mitrov-Winkelmolen L, van Buul-Gast MC, Swank DJ, et al. The effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in morbidly obese patients on pharmacokinetics of (acetyl)salicylic acid and omeprazole: the ERY-PAO study. Obes Surg. 2016;26(9):2051–8.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Tandra S, Chalasani N, Jones DR, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic alterations in the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass recipients. Ann Surg. 2013;258(2):262–9.CrossRefPubMed Tandra S, Chalasani N, Jones DR, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic alterations in the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass recipients. Ann Surg. 2013;258(2):262–9.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Gesquiere I, Darwich AS, Van der Schueren B, et al. Drug disposition and modelling before and after gastric bypass: immediate and controlled-release metoprolol formulations. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2015;80(5):1021–30.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Gesquiere I, Darwich AS, Van der Schueren B, et al. Drug disposition and modelling before and after gastric bypass: immediate and controlled-release metoprolol formulations. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2015;80(5):1021–30.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Chan LN, Lin YS, Tay-Sontheimer JC, et al. Proximal Roux-en-Y gastric bypass alters drug absorption pattern but not systemic exposure of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein substrates. Pharmacotherapy. 2015;35(4):361–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Chan LN, Lin YS, Tay-Sontheimer JC, et al. Proximal Roux-en-Y gastric bypass alters drug absorption pattern but not systemic exposure of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein substrates. Pharmacotherapy. 2015;35(4):361–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Padwal RS, Gabr RQ, Sharma AM, et al. Effect of gastric bypass surgery on the absorption and bioavailability of metformin. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(6):1295–300.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Padwal RS, Gabr RQ, Sharma AM, et al. Effect of gastric bypass surgery on the absorption and bioavailability of metformin. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(6):1295–300.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Sakhaee K, Pak C. Superior calcium bioavailability of effervescent potassium calcium citrate over tablet formulation of calcium citrate after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2013;9(5):743–8.CrossRefPubMed Sakhaee K, Pak C. Superior calcium bioavailability of effervescent potassium calcium citrate over tablet formulation of calcium citrate after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2013;9(5):743–8.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Tondapu P, Provost D, Adams-Huet B, et al. Comparison of the absorption of calcium carbonate and calcium citrate after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Obes Surg. 2009;19(9):1256–61.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Tondapu P, Provost D, Adams-Huet B, et al. Comparison of the absorption of calcium carbonate and calcium citrate after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Obes Surg. 2009;19(9):1256–61.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Klockhoff H, Näslund I, Jones AW. Faster absorption of ethanol and higher peak concentration in women after gastric bypass surgery. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2002;54(6):587–91.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Klockhoff H, Näslund I, Jones AW. Faster absorption of ethanol and higher peak concentration in women after gastric bypass surgery. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2002;54(6):587–91.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Steffen KJ, Engel SG, Pollert GA, et al. Blood alcohol concentrations rise rapidly and dramatically after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2013;9(3):470–3.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Steffen KJ, Engel SG, Pollert GA, et al. Blood alcohol concentrations rise rapidly and dramatically after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2013;9(3):470–3.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Rubio IG, Galrão AL, Santo MA, et al. Levothyroxine absorption in morbidly obese patients before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. Obes Surg. 2012;22(2):253–8.CrossRefPubMed Rubio IG, Galrão AL, Santo MA, et al. Levothyroxine absorption in morbidly obese patients before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. Obes Surg. 2012;22(2):253–8.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Gkotsina M, Michalaki M, Mamali I, et al. Improved levothyroxine pharmacokinetics after bariatric surgery. Thyroid. 2013;23(4):414–9.CrossRefPubMed Gkotsina M, Michalaki M, Mamali I, et al. Improved levothyroxine pharmacokinetics after bariatric surgery. Thyroid. 2013;23(4):414–9.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Pirola I, Formenti AM, Gandossi E, et al. Oral liquid L-thyroxine (L-t4) may be better absorbed compared to L-T4 tablets following bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2013;23(9):1493–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Pirola I, Formenti AM, Gandossi E, et al. Oral liquid L-thyroxine (L-t4) may be better absorbed compared to L-T4 tablets following bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2013;23(9):1493–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Brill MJ, van Rongen A, van Dongen EP, et al. The pharmacokinetics of the CYP3A substrate midazolam in morbidly obese patients before and one year after bariatric surgery. Pharm Res. 2015;32(12):3927–36.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Brill MJ, van Rongen A, van Dongen EP, et al. The pharmacokinetics of the CYP3A substrate midazolam in morbidly obese patients before and one year after bariatric surgery. Pharm Res. 2015;32(12):3927–36.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsume Y, Mudie DM, Langguth P, et al. The Biopharmaceutics Classification System: subclasses for in vivo predictive dissolution (IPD) methodology and IVIVC. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2014;57:152–63.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Tsume Y, Mudie DM, Langguth P, et al. The Biopharmaceutics Classification System: subclasses for in vivo predictive dissolution (IPD) methodology and IVIVC. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2014;57:152–63.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Allain F, Minogianis EA, Roberts DC, et al. How fast and how often: the pharmacokinetics of drug use are decisive in addiction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2015;56:166–79.CrossRefPubMed Allain F, Minogianis EA, Roberts DC, et al. How fast and how often: the pharmacokinetics of drug use are decisive in addiction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2015;56:166–79.CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
RYGB and Drug Disposition: How to Do Better? Analysis of Pharmacokinetic Studies and Recommendations for Clinical Practice
verfasst von
Lorry Hachon
Xavier Declèves
Pauline Faucher
Claire Carette
Célia Lloret-Linares
Publikationsdatum
26.01.2017
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Obesity Surgery / Ausgabe 4/2017
Print ISSN: 0960-8923
Elektronische ISSN: 1708-0428
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-016-2535-z

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2017

Obesity Surgery 4/2017 Zur Ausgabe

Update Chirurgie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

S3-Leitlinie „Diagnostik und Therapie des Karpaltunnelsyndroms“

Karpaltunnelsyndrom BDC Leitlinien Webinare
CME: 2 Punkte

Das Karpaltunnelsyndrom ist die häufigste Kompressionsneuropathie peripherer Nerven. Obwohl die Anamnese mit dem nächtlichen Einschlafen der Hand (Brachialgia parästhetica nocturna) sehr typisch ist, ist eine klinisch-neurologische Untersuchung und Elektroneurografie in manchen Fällen auch eine Neurosonografie erforderlich. Im Anfangsstadium sind konservative Maßnahmen (Handgelenksschiene, Ergotherapie) empfehlenswert. Bei nicht Ansprechen der konservativen Therapie oder Auftreten von neurologischen Ausfällen ist eine Dekompression des N. medianus am Karpaltunnel indiziert.

Prof. Dr. med. Gregor Antoniadis
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.

S2e-Leitlinie „Distale Radiusfraktur“

Radiusfraktur BDC Leitlinien Webinare
CME: 2 Punkte

Das Webinar beschäftigt sich mit Fragen und Antworten zu Diagnostik und Klassifikation sowie Möglichkeiten des Ausschlusses von Zusatzverletzungen. Die Referenten erläutern, welche Frakturen konservativ behandelt werden können und wie. Das Webinar beantwortet die Frage nach aktuellen operativen Therapiekonzepten: Welcher Zugang, welches Osteosynthesematerial? Auf was muss bei der Nachbehandlung der distalen Radiusfraktur geachtet werden?

PD Dr. med. Oliver Pieske
Dr. med. Benjamin Meyknecht
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.

S1-Leitlinie „Empfehlungen zur Therapie der akuten Appendizitis bei Erwachsenen“

Appendizitis BDC Leitlinien Webinare
CME: 2 Punkte

Inhalte des Webinars zur S1-Leitlinie „Empfehlungen zur Therapie der akuten Appendizitis bei Erwachsenen“ sind die Darstellung des Projektes und des Erstellungswegs zur S1-Leitlinie, die Erläuterung der klinischen Relevanz der Klassifikation EAES 2015, die wissenschaftliche Begründung der wichtigsten Empfehlungen und die Darstellung stadiengerechter Therapieoptionen.

Dr. med. Mihailo Andric
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.