Background
Methods
Ethics
Patients and study design
Specimens
Assessment of tissue S100β
Clinical assay for serum S100β
Cell studies
Xenograft studies
Chromatin immunoprecipitation
Western blot
Statistical analysis
Results
Elevated levels of S100β associate with poor disease-free survival in patients with endocrine-treated breast cancer
Patient TMA | Patient serum samples | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Total n
| S100β + ve | S100β –ve |
p Fisher |
p Wilcoxon | Total n
| S100β ≥0.13 μg/L | S100β <0.13 μg/L |
p Fisher |
p Wilcoxon | |
S100β | 536 | 34.7% | 65.30% | <0.0001 | 187 | 10.16% | 89.84% | 0.0011 | |||
Age | |||||||||||
≥55 | 303 | 56.45% | 56.57% | 1.0 | 0.4 | 75 | 47.37% | 39.29% | 0.622 | 0.4 | |
<55 | 233 | 43.55% | 43.43% | 112 | 52.63% | 60.71% | |||||
PR | |||||||||||
+ ve | 321 | 65.50% | 66.56% | 0.841 | 0.4 | 159 | 57.89% | 88.62% | 0.002 | 0.8 | |
− ve | 164 | 34.50% | 33.44% | 27 | 42.11% | 11.38% | |||||
HER2 | |||||||||||
+ ve | 85 | 18.93% | 17.10% | 0.619 | 0.2 | 26 | 15.79% | 13.69% | 0.732 | 0.7 | |
− ve | 394 | 81.07% | 82.90% | 161 | 84.21% | 86.31% | |||||
Nodal status | |||||||||||
+ ve | 273 | 49.46% | 52.62% | 0.524 | <0.0001 | 99 | 53.33% | 58.71% | 0.786 | 0.05 | |
− ve | 257 | 50.54% | 47.38% | 71 | 46.67% | 41.29% | |||||
Grade | |||||||||||
≥ Grade 3 | 147 | 34.88% | 27.10% | 0.079 | 0.03 | 52 | 31.58% | 27.38% | 0.788 | 0.2 | |
< Grade 3 | 346 | 65.12% | 72.90% | 135 | 68.42% | 72.62% | |||||
Tumor size | |||||||||||
≥20 mm | 369 | 70.97% | 67.71% | 0.493 | 0.004 | 137 | 94.44% | 86.33% | 0.473 | 0.5 | |
<20 mm | 167 | 29.03% | 32.29% | 20 | 5.56% | 13.67% | |||||
Hormonal therapy | |||||||||||
Tamoxifen | 459 | 83.87% | 86.57% | 0.438 | 0.4 | 110 | 42.11% | 60.71% | 0.143 | 0.7 | |
AI | 126 | 25.81% | 22.29% | 0.392 | 0.5 | 108 | 73.68% | 55.95% | 0.152 | 0.2 | |
Other therapy | |||||||||||
Chemotherapy | 166 | 34.64% | 31.23% | 0.431 | 0.1 | 119 | 61.11% | 66.26% | 0.794 | 0.2 | |
Radiation | 296 | 62.16% | 52.01% | 0.028 | 0.5 | 121 | 70.59% | 74.66% | 0.771 | 0.01 | |
Herceptin | 23 | 6.49% | 3.14% | 0.077 | 0.06 | 10 | 5.26% | 5.36% | 1.00 | 0.87 | |
Recurrence | |||||||||||
+ ve | 156 | 40.32% | 23.14% | <0.0001 | 33 | 47.37% | 14.29% | 0.002 | |||
− ve | 380 | 59.68% | 76.86% | 154 | 52.63% | 85.71% | |||||
HOXC11 | |||||||||||
+ ve | 74 | 83.93% | 18.49% | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||
− ve | 128 | 16.07% | 81.51% |
Metastasis forms in the presence of tamoxifen in resistant breast cancer in vivo which is marked by S100β
Elevated S100β protein during the treatment period marks disease recurrence in endocrine-treated patients
S100β ≥0.13 μg/Ln = 10 (8.47%) | S100β <0.13 μg/Ln = 108 (91.53%) |
p value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age | |||
≥55 | 3 (30%) | 64 (59.26%) | 0.099 |
< 55 | 7 (70%) | 44 (40.74%) | |
PR | |||
+ ve | 8 (80%) | 87 (80.56%) | 1.00 |
–ve | 2 (20%) | 21 (19.44%) | |
HER2 | |||
+ ve | 3 (30%) | 52 (51.49%) | 0.097 |
–ve | 7 (70%) | 49 (48.51%) | |
Node | |||
+ ve | 2 (22.22%) | 43 (47.25%) | 0.162 |
–ve | 7 (77.78%) | 48 (52.75%) | |
Grade | |||
≥3 | 4 (40%) | 26 (24.07%) | 0.273 |
<3 | 6 (60%) | 82 (75.93%) | |
Size | |||
≥20 mm | 7 (100%) | 81 (96.43%) | 1.00 |
< 20 mm | – | 3 (3.57%) | |
Recurrence | |||
+ ve | 5 (50%) | 17 (15.74%) | 0.019 (r = +0.245) |
–ve | 5 (50%) | 91 (84.26%) |