Background
Methods
Study population
Measurement of safe depths at upper back acupoints
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics | Subjects numbers |
---|---|
Gender | |
Male | 205 |
Female | 114 |
Age (years old) | |
4–6 | 79 |
7–9 | 45 |
10–12 | 30 |
13–15 | 56 |
16–18 | 109 |
Weight | |
<3rd percentile | 32 |
3–<85th percentile | 215 |
85–<97th percentile | 42 |
≥97th percentile | 29 |
BMI | |
Underweight | 52 |
Healthy weight | 186 |
Overweight | 18 |
Obesity | 30 |
Acupoints | Boys | Girls |
P value |
---|---|---|---|
Mean ± S.D. | Mean ± S.D. | ||
GV9 | 27.78 ± 8.88 | 24.87 ± 7.83 | 0.003a
|
GV10 | 28.54 ± 8.47 | 26.02 ± 7.67 | 0.009a
|
GV11 | 28.17 ± 8.21 | 25.88 ± 7.04 | 0.009a
|
GV12 | 30.45 ± 9.90 | 28.03 ± 8.24 | 0.028a
|
GV13 | 33.61 ± 10.07 | 30.59 ± 9.11 | 0.008a
|
GV14 | 33.81 ± 10.57 | 30.70 ± 10.68 | 0.012a
|
BL11 | 33.39 ± 10.48 | 28.95 ± 8.67 | <0.001a
|
BL12 | 35.61 ± 9.61 | 32.33 ± 8.09 | 0.001a
|
BL13 | 28.54 ± 7.08 | 26.41 ± 5.38 | 0.003a
|
BL14 | 24.92 ± 7.95 | 22.69 ± 6.63 | 0.008a
|
BL15 | 25.48 ± 6.57 | 23.93 ± 5.41 | 0.024a
|
BL16 | 24.15 ± 7.19 | 21.89 ± 6.24 | 0.004a
|
BL17 | 25.37 ± 6.87 | 23.62 ± 6.20 | 0.021a
|
BL41 | 30.86 ± 9.20 | 28.21 ± 7.89 | 0. 010a
|
BL42 | 28.02 ± 8.69 | 26.48 ± 7.25 | 0.110 |
BL43 | 24.68 ± 7.54 | 22.95 ± 6.75 | 0.043a
|
BL44 | 20.31 ± 7.79 | 19.19 ± 7.01 | 0.202 |
BL45 | 18.45 ± 7.07 | 17.62 ± 6.50 | 0.300 |
BL46 | 18.16 ± 6.63 | 16.96 ± 6.12 | 0.111 |
SI14 | 36.82 ± 12.23 | 32.51 ± 10.81 | 0.002a
|
SI15 | 38.75 ± 12.10 | 34.74 ± 10.47 | 0.003a
|
GB21 | 28.01 ± 9.37 | 26.61 ± 8.81 | 0.192 |
SP21 | 19.48 ± 4.39 | 18.84 ± 4.56 | 0.216 |
Points | 4–6 y/o (n = 79) | 7–9 y/o (n = 45) | 10–12 y/o (n = 30) | 13–15 y/o (n = 56) | 16–18 y/o (n = 109) |
P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± S.D. | Mean ± S.D. | Mean ± S.D. | Mean ± S.D. | Mean ± S.D. | ||
GV9 | 19.31 ± 2.84 | 23.32 ± 6.17 | 27.20 ± 7.54 | 29.83 ± 8.04 | 31.83 ± 8.55 | <0.001a
|
GV10 | 20.70 ± 3.62 | 23.64 ± 4.93 | 28.86 ± 6.12 | 29.88 ± 7.74 | 32.84 ± 8.31 | <0.001a
|
GV11 | 22.14 ± 4.80 | 22.96 ± 4.52 | 27.70 ± 6.19 | 29.56 ± 7.56 | 31.71 ± 8.29 | <0.001a
|
GV12 | 22.26 ± 4.54 | 25.93 ± 5.59 | 30.75 ± 7.58 | 32.40 ± 8.73 | 34.63 ± 10.16 | <0.001a
|
GV13 | 23.02 ± 5.59 | 29.18 ± 7.70 | 35.75 ± 8.25 | 35.78 ± 7.99 | 38.26 ± 8.65 | <0.001a
|
GV14 | 23.26 ± 4.95 | 26.57 ± 8.05 | 33.20 ± 9.48 | 37.83 ± 8.79 | 39.29 ± 9.54 | <0.001a
|
BL11 | 24.93 ± 5.44 | 28.71 ± 8.00 | 31.29 ± 7.86 | 36.07 ± 10.53 | 36.01 ± 10.63 | <0.001a
|
BL12 | 28.54 ± 8.50 | 32.57 ± 8.48 | 34.43 ± 8.24 | 37.74 ± 8.56 | 37.78 ± 8.33 | <0.001a
|
BL13 | 24.82 ± 2.74 | 25.01 ± 3.00 | 26.53 ± 4.55 | 29.17 ± 7.57 | 30.68 ± 8.04 | <0.001a
|
BL14 | 18.90 ± 2.66 | 21.35 ± 4.32 | 24.67 ± 6.53 | 26.42 ± 8.14 | 27.71 ± 8.48 | <0.001a
|
BL15 | 20.94 ± 3.46 | 23.42 ± 4.57 | 24.45 ± 5.36 | 26.72 ± 6.45 | 27.65 ± 6.78 | <0.001a
|
BL16 | 18.23 ± 2.76 | 21.12 ± 5.04 | 23.96 ± 5.37 | 25.32 ± 7.26 | 26.79 ± 7.50 | <0.001a
|
BL17 | 19.14 ± 2.85 | 22.56 ± 4.03 | 25.60 ± 5.33 | 26.98 ± 6.76 | 28.33 ± 6.89 | <0.001a
|
BL41 | 24.77 ± 3.51 | 25.32 ± 5.99 | 27.74 ± 6.44 | 33.75 ± 8.96 | 34.17 ± 9.95 | <0.001a
|
BL42 | 21.97 ± 3.88 | 24.86 ± 5.50 | 28.20 ± 7.28 | 29.49 ± 8.15 | 31.30 ± 9.28 | <0.001a
|
BL43 | 19.41 ± 3.74 | 21.92 ± 4.32 | 24.29 ± 6.19 | 25.60 ± 7.95 | 27.46 ± 8.14 | <0.001a
|
BL44 | 15.21 ± 5.67 | 18.72 ± 5.42 | 19.68 ± 5.99 | 21.65 ± 7.61 | 22.99 ± 8.04 | <0.001a
|
BL45 | 13.14 ± 3.39 | 15.84 ± 4.47 | 19.43 ± 6.47 | 20.26 ± 6.46 | 21.32 ± 7.53 | <0.001a
|
BL46 | 12.74 ± 2.35 | 15.24 ± 3.58 | 19.34 ± 6.04 | 19.53 ± 6.45 | 21.01 ± 7.00 | <0.001a
|
SI14 | 26.30 ± 6.29 | 30.88 ± 9.25 | 34.18 ± 10.28 | 40.32 ± 11.41 | 41.31 ± 11.91 | <0.001a
|
SI15 | 26.92 ± 4.94 | 31.77 ± 7.65 | 39.52 ± 9.72 | 43.85 ± 12.10 | 43.17 ± 10.54 | <0.001a
|
GB21 | 20.84 ± 3.25 | 23.70 ± 4.99 | 30.16 ± 9.14 | 28.94 ± 8.97 | 32.45 ± 10.06 | <0.001a
|
SP21 | 16.97 ± 2.89 | 16.88 ± 2.18 | 19.89 ± 3.25 | 19.99 ± 4.44 | 21.34 ± 5.17 | <0.001a
|
Points | <3rd (n = 32) | 3–<85th (n = 215) | 85–<97th (n = 42) | ≥97th (n = 29) |
P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± S.D. | Mean ± S.D. | Mean ± S.D. | Mean ± S.D. | ||
GV9 | 23.95 ± 5.74 | 26.00 ± 7.55 | 29.07 ± 9.61 | 32.00 ± 13.69 | <0.001a
|
GV10 | 25.88 ± 5.85 | 26.45 ± 7.16 | 30.51 ± 8.18 | 34.18 ± 13.32 | <0.001a
|
GV11 | 24.98 ± 5.10 | 26.41 ± 6.55 | 29.28 ± 8.97 | 34.25 ± 12.74 | <0.001a
|
GV12 | 27.58 ± 6.53 | 28.12 ± 6.65 | 32.47 ± 9.81 | 38.48 ± 19.01 | <0.001a
|
GV13 | 30.21 ± 8.23 | 31.25 ± 8.44 | 35.47 ± 9.16 | 40.42 ± 16.13 | <0.001a
|
GV14 | 31.31 ± 9.68 | 31.66 ± 9.36 | 34.88 ± 12.04 | 38.63 ± 16.11 | 0.004a
|
BL11 | 29.99 ± 9.18 | 30.87 ± 8.57 | 33.96 ± 10.81 | 37.51 ± 16.68 | 0.003a
|
BL12 | 33.08 ± 9.92 | 33.58 ± 8.33 | 36.21 ± 8.89 | 39.23 ± 12.94 | 0.007a
|
BL13 | 26.25 ± 4.70 | 26.96 ± 4.99 | 29.26 ± 6.82 | 33.51 ± 12.84 | <0.001a
|
BL14 | 21.86 ± 5.44 | 23.45 ± 6.48 | 25.99 ± 8.42 | 28.99 ± 12.37 | <0.001a
|
BL15 | 22.86 ± 4.42 | 24.13 ± 5.20 | 27.28 ± 6.72 | 29.73 ± 10.12 | <0.001a
|
BL16 | 21.36 ± 5.25 | 22.50 ± 5.90 | 25.42 ± 7.59 | 28.89 ± 10.86 | <0.001a
|
BL17 | 22.23 ± 4.57 | 24.13 ± 6.07 | 26.70 ± 6.78 | 29.35 ± 9.86 | <0.001a
|
BL41 | 26.45 ± 5.32 | 29.14 ± 7.03 | 31.83 ± 10.67 | 36.77 ± 15.45 | <0.001a
|
BL42 | 24.59 ± 5.71 | 26.38 ± 6.55 | 29.53 ± 6.86 | 35.74 ± 15.50 | <0.001a
|
BL43 | 22.17 ± 4.95 | 23.00 ± 5.34 | 26.11 ± 8.25 | 30.98 ± 13.86 | <0.001a
|
BL44 | 17.10 ± 4.24 | 19.06 ± 6.13 | 22.28 ± 8.10 | 25.90 ± 13.45 | <0.001a
|
BL45 | 15.01 ± 4.16 | 17.28 ± 5.57 | 20.52 ± 7.03 | 24.72 ± 11.74 | <0.001a
|
BL46 | 15.41 ± 4.58 | 16.80 ± 4.87 | 20.12 ± 6.69 | 23.66 ± 12.14 | <0.001a
|
SI14 | 31.64 ± 9.57 | 33.98 ± 9.68 | 37.57 ± 12.13 | 45.52 ± 20.78 | <0.001a
|
SI15 | 35.12 ± 10.03 | 36.39 ± 10.09 | 38.22 ± 12.86 | 45.15 ± 18.52 | 0.001a
|
GB21 | 25.40 ± 9.45 | 26.32 ± 7.88 | 31.09 ± 9.68 | 33.27 ± 13.27 | <0.001a
|
SP21 | 17.97 ± 4.26 | 18.83 ± 4.12 | 20.26 ± 4.15 | 22.46 ± 5.89 | <0.001a
|
Points | Underweighta (n = 52) | Healthy weightb (n = 186) | Overweightc (n = 18) | Obesityd (n = 30) |
P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± S.D. | Mean ± S.D. | Mean ± S.D. | Mean ± S.D. | ||
GV9 | 24.40 ± 5.94 | 26.21 ± 7.73 | 29.42 ± 10.63 | 30.92 ± 12.99 | 0.003e
|
GV10 | 25.27 ± 5.47 | 26.75 ± 7.21 | 30.51 ± 8.62 | 33.58 ± 12.14 | <0.001e
|
GV11 | 25.23 ± 5.02 | 26.38 ± 6.94 | 30.47 ± 8.26 | 33.40 ± 11.82 | <0.001e
|
GV12 | 26.91 ± 5.80 | 28.54 ± 6.89 | 32.23 ± 9.25 | 36.78 ± 17.38 | <0.001e
|
GV13 | 30.62 ± 7.26 | 31.61 ± 8.36 | 34.86 ± 9.39 | 38.70 ± 14.71 | <0.001e
|
GV14 | 30.26 ± 9.19 | 31.84 ± 9.39 | 33.86 ± 13.01 | 38.80 ± 14.75 | 0.002e
|
BL11 | 30.25 ± 8.39 | 30.90 ± 8.96 | 33.94 ± 11.20 | 37.66 ± 15.18 | 0.003e
|
BL12 | 32.78 ± 9.13 | 33.86 ± 8.52 | 33.92 ± 8.54 | 38.57 ± 11.70 | 0.037e
|
BL13 | 26.09 ± 4.78 | 27.06 ± 4.89 | 28.94 ± 7.44 | 33.22 ± 12.10 | <0.001e
|
BL14 | 22.72 ± 5.91 | 23.33 ± 6.60 | 26.68 ± 8.13 | 29.00 ± 11.85 | <0.001e
|
BL15 | 22.62 ± 3.81 | 24.57 ± 5.35 | 26.70 ± 6.67 | 29.78 ± 9.61 | <0.001e
|
BL16 | 21.98 ± 5.31 | 22.37 ± 6.17 | 26.30 ± 6.86 | 28.62 ± 10.07 | <0.001e
|
BL17 | 23.21 ± 4.98 | 24.20 ± 6.00 | 26.35 ± 6.94 | 29.03 ± 9.72 | <0.001e
|
BL41 | 27.33 ± 5.67 | 29.16 ± 7.41 | 32.41 ± 10.18 | 35.88 ± 14.86 | <0.001e
|
BL42 | 25.42 ± 6.23 | 26.60 ± 6.51 | 30.06 ± 6.90 | 32.92 ± 13.70 | <0.001e
|
BL43 | 21.98 ± 4.87 | 22.90 ± 5.56 | 27.11 ± 6.64 | 30.25 ± 13.17 | <0.001e
|
BL44 | 17.59 ± 4.86 | 18.99 ± 6.29 | 23.29 ± 7.90 | 25.85 ± 12.07 | <0.001e
|
BL45 | 15.98 ± 4.77 | 17.42 ± 5.63 | 21.73 ± 6.97 | 22.89 ± 11.49 | <0.001e
|
BL46 | 16.15 ± 4.54 | 16.94 ± 5.00 | 19.67 ± 6.69 | 22.71 ± 11.53 | <0.001e
|
SI14 | 32.40 ± 9.29 | 33.88 ± 9.94 | 39.87 ± 12.20 | 42.61 ± 18.58 | <0.001e
|
SI15 | 35.25 ± 9.01 | 36.41 ± 10.49 | 39.54 ± 11.60 | 45.26 ± 18.02 | <0.001e
|
GB21 | 26.43 ± 8.52 | 26.67 ± 8.11 | 31.23 ± 11.01 | 31.41 ± 12.84 | 0.012e
|
SP21 | 19.36 ± 4.86 | 18.76 ± 4.03 | 20.40 ± 4.55 | 20.68 ± 5.50 | 0.086 |
Points | Variables in multiple regression model | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | Weight | BMI | Sex (male vs female) | |
β (95 % CI) | β (95 % CI) | β (95 % CI) | β (95 % CI) | |
P value |
P value |
P value |
P value | |
GV9 | −0.06 (−0.38–0.26) 0.716 | 0.33 (0.22–0.43) <0.001* | 0.08 (−0.16–0.32) 0.527 | −0.60 (−2.15–0.95) 0.446 |
GV10 | −0.01 (−0.31–0.28) 0.927 | 0.28 (0.18–0.38) <0.001* | 0.23 (0.01–0.45) 0.038* | −0.85 (−2.27–0.57) 0.241 |
GV11 | −0.25 (−0.55–0.05) 0.100 | 0.31 (0.22–0.41) <0.001* | 0.19 (−0.04–0.41) 0.098 | −1.05 (−2.49–0.39) 0.152 |
GV12 | −0.14 (−0.48–0.20) 0.412 | 0.34 (0.23–0.45) <0.001* | 0.21 (−0.04–0.47) 0.101 | −1.41 (−3.06–0.24) 0.093 |
GV13 | 0.27 (−0.07–0.60) 0.114 | 0.27 (0.16–0.38) <0.001* | 0.27 (0.02–0.52) 0.035* | −0.82 (−2.45–0.81) 0.324 |
GV14 | 0.46 (0.05–0.86) 0.027* | 0.26 (0.13–0.39) <0.001* | 0.17 (−0.13–0.48) 0.261 | −0.61 (−2.58–1.36) 0.544 |
BL11 | −0.07 (−0.50–0.37) 0.757 | 0.29 (0.15–0.44) <0.001* | 0.10 (−0.22–0.43) 0.531 | 1.34 (−0.78–3.46) 0.213 |
BL12 | 0.18 (−0.24–0.60) 0.395 | 0.19 (0.06–0.33) 0.005* | 0.02(−0.30–0.33) 0.927 | 1.06 (−0.97–3.09) 0.304 |
BL13 | −0.51 (−0.78–-0.24) <0.001* | 0.31 (0.22–0.40) <0.001* | 0.04 (−0.16–0.24) 0.700 | −0.52 (−1.83–0.80) 0.442 |
BL14 | −0.32 (−0.62– −0.01) 0.044* | 0.32 (0.22–0.42) <0.001* | 0.037 (−0.19–0.27) 0.755 | −0.82 (−2.31–0.68) 0.284 |
BL15 | −0.33 (−0.58– −0.09) 0.008* | 0.25 (0.17–0.33) <0.001* | 0.20 (0.01–0.38) 0.035* | −0.77 (−1.96–0.42) 0.201 |
BL16 | −0.16 (−0.44–0.12) 0.253 | 0.24 (0.15–0.33) <0.001* | 0.20 (−0.01–0.40) 0.065 | −0.142 (−1.48–1.20) 0.835 |
BL17 | −0.22 (−0.47–0.03) 0.078 | 0.29 (0.21–0.37) <0.001* | 0.05 (−0.14–0.23) 0.609 | −1.16 (−2.36–0.04) 0.057 |
BL41 | −0.51 (−0.86– −0.16) 0.005* | 0.43 (0.31–0.54) <0.001* | −0.08 (−0.35–0.19) 0.553 | −1.14 (−2.86–0.57) 0.191 |
BL42 | −0.32 (−0.64– −0.01) 0.046* | 0.33 (0.23–0.44) <0.001* | 0.06 (−0.17–0.30) 0.598 | −1.69 (−3.23– −0.14) 0.032* |
BL43 | −0.32 (−0.62– −0.02) 0.036* | 0.28 (0.19–0.38) <0.001* | 0.13 (−0.09–0.36) 0.242 | −0.97 (−2.42–0.47) 0.186 |
BL44 | −0.36 (−0.68– −0.04) 0.026* | 0.29 (0.18–0.39) <0.001* | 0.138 (−0.10–0.38) 0.256 | −1.62 (−3.17– −0.07) 0.040* |
BL45 | −0.40 (−0.67– −0.14) 0.003* | 0.34 (0.25–0.42) <0.001* | 0.00 (−0.20–0.20) 1.000 | −2.25 (−3.53– −0.98) 0.001* |
BL46 | −0.31 (−0.55– −0.07) 0.012* | 0.31 (0.23–0.38) <0.001* | −0.01 (−0.19–0.18) 0.938 | −1.66 (−2.84– −0.47) 0.006* |
SI14 | −0.10 (−0.56–0.36) 0.674 | 0.41 (0.26–0.56) <0.001* | 0.13 (−0.22–0.47) 0.473 | 0.03 (−2.21–2.27) 0.978 |
SI15 | 0.20 (−0.26–0.66) 0.383 | 0.34 (0.20–0.49) <0.001* | 0.18 (−0.16–0.53) 0.300 | −0.22 (−2.45–2.00) 0.846 |
GB21 | −0.26 (−0.64–0.13) 0.189 | 0.39 (0.26–0.51) <0.001* | −0.17 (−0.46–0.12) 0.249 | −2.12 (−3.99– −0.25) 0.026* |
SP21 | −0.04 (−0.24–0.16) 0.695 | 0.14 (0.08–0.21) <0.001* | −0.07 (−0.22–0.09) 0.389 | −0.57 (−1.55–0.41) 0.254 |