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Erschienen in: Die Onkologie 7/2019

28.03.2019 | Psychoonkologie | Leitthema

Warum muss ein Schilddrüsentumor als Karzinom klassifiziert werden, wenn er sich biologisch nicht wie Krebs verhält?

Nichtinvasive follikuläre Neoplasie mit PTC-äquivalenten Kernmerkmalen als Vorbild

verfasst von: Univ.-Prof. Dr. K. W. Schmid

Erschienen in: Die Onkologie | Ausgabe 7/2019

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Einführung der „nichtinvasiven follikulären Neoplasie mit PTC-äquivalenten Kernmerkmalen (NIFTP)“ in der 4. Auflage der WHO-Klassifikation der Schilddrüsentumoren erfolgte mit der Absicht, Patienten mit der Diagnose dieser Subgruppe gekapselter follikulär gebauter papillärer Karzinome mit indolentem klinischen Verlauf sowohl eine Übertherapie als auch die belastende Krebsdiagnose zu ersparen. Dadurch wird insbesondere in Europa und Nordamerika eine Reduktion der PTC um 10–20 % erwartet.

Ziel

Die Diagnosekriterien der NIFTP und weiterer Kandidaten für die Einstufung als „Schilddrüsen-Neoplasie mit unsicherem/geringem Malignitätspotenzial“ wie das minimalinvasive follikuläre Karzinom und das medulläre Karzinom ohne Stromadesmoplasie sollen beschrieben und dargestellt werden.

Material und Methoden

Das biologische Verhalten der genannten Tumorentitäten wird anhand der internationalen publizierten Literatur und einschlägiger Leitlinien von Schilddrüsentumoren dargestellt.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion

Da die charakteristischen Kernmerkmale des papillären Karzinoms durch die Definition der NIFTP ihren Status als alleinstehendes Malignitätskriterium verloren haben, wurde eine Neudefinition der morphologischen Kriterien des papillären Karzinoms notwendig. Des Weiteren sind damit Änderungen in der zytologischen Bewertung bei der Feinnadelbiopsie (FNB) der Schilddrüse verbunden. Die mit der Etablierung der NIFTP erfolgte Definition von Schilddrüsentumoren mit extrem niedrigem Malignitätspotenzial stellt einen nicht nur für Schilddrüsentumoren anstrebenswerte und höchst begrüßenswerte Entwicklung zur Vermeidung überflüssiger Krebsdiagnosen dar.
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Metadaten
Titel
Warum muss ein Schilddrüsentumor als Karzinom klassifiziert werden, wenn er sich biologisch nicht wie Krebs verhält?
Nichtinvasive follikuläre Neoplasie mit PTC-äquivalenten Kernmerkmalen als Vorbild
verfasst von
Univ.-Prof. Dr. K. W. Schmid
Publikationsdatum
28.03.2019
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Onkologie / Ausgabe 7/2019
Print ISSN: 2731-7226
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7234
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-019-0548-7

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