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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 3/2019

13.09.2018 | Schizophrenie | Übersichten

Oxytocin bei Schizophrenie

Evidenz für eine ätiologische und therapeutische Relevanz des sozialen Neuromodulators

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. C. Luckhaus, G. Juckel, R. Hurlemann

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 3/2019

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Zusammenfassung

Neurobiologische Befunde aus Tiermodellen sowie biochemische und genetische Bestimmungen bei Patienten sprechen dafür, dass das Oxytocin(OT)-System bei Schizophrenie dysfunktional verändert ist. Vor diesem pathogenetischen Hintergrund könnte transnasal appliziertes OT (tnOT) eine innovative Behandlungsoption der Schizophrenie darstellen. Tierexperimentelle Befunde deuten auch auf eine besondere Wirksamkeit bei therapieresistenter Schizophrenie hin. Die klinische Studienlage zur tnOT-Behandlung von an Schizophrenie erkrankten Patienten belegt jedoch bis dato keinen generellen Behandlungseffekt auf die Psychopathologie, legt aber positive Effekte auf höher integrierte sozial-kognitive Leistungen, wie Empathie und Mentalisierung, nahe. Insbesondere konnte durch tnOT-Augmentation eines sozial-kognitiven Trainings ein ausgeprägter und nachhaltiger Behandlungseffekt erzielt werden. Zahlreiche Personen- und Kontextvariablen können aber offenbar die individuelle OT-Wirkung erheblich beeinflussen und ggf. sogar zu gegensätzlichen Effekten führen. Bisherige klinische Studien haben diese Faktoren überwiegend nicht erfasst oder nicht kontrolliert, sodass hierdurch wahrscheinlich die Varianz der gemessenen Behandlungseffekte vergrößert und der positive Wirknachweis erschwert wurde. Schließlich fehlen noch Kenntnisse zu Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehungen der tnOT-Gabe und zur Permeation ins Zentralnervensystem beim Menschen. Dieser Übersichtsartikel soll Erkenntnisse zur ätiologischen Relevanz des Neurohormons Oxytocin und zu seinem therapeutischen Potenzial bei Schizophrenie zusammenfassen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Oxytocin bei Schizophrenie
Evidenz für eine ätiologische und therapeutische Relevanz des sozialen Neuromodulators
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. C. Luckhaus
G. Juckel
R. Hurlemann
Publikationsdatum
13.09.2018
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Schlagwort
Schizophrenie
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 3/2019
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-018-0615-0

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