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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 1/2020

09.01.2020 | Schizophrenie | Leitthema

Pharmakotherapie der Schizophrenie

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. C. U. Correll

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 1/2020

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Schizophrenie ist eine schwere psychische Erkrankung mit variablem therapeutischem Ansprechen. Ätiologie und Pathophysiologie bedürfen der weiteren Klärung.

Fragestellung

Welche pharmakologischen Optionen sind für welche Therapieziele bei Patienten mit einer Schizophrenie wirksam und sicher?

Material und Methoden

Narratives Review der pharmakologischen Therapie bei Erwachsenen mit einer Schizophrenie.

Ergebnisse

Trotz heterogenen therapeutischen Ansprechens sind derzeit nur Dopaminblocker/-partialagonisten für die Schizophrenietherapie zugelassen. Die Wirksamkeit von Antipsychotika unterscheidet sich graduell, mit Ausnahme von Clozapin bei therapieresistenter Schizophrenie, wohingegen unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen (UAW) weit variabler sind. Antipsychotika, die in Metaanalysen der Akut- und Erhaltungstherapie graduelle Effektivitätsvorteile zeigen (Clozapin, Amisulprid, Olanzapin, Risperidon), haben mindestens eine UAW, die am ausgeprägtesten ist. Antipsychotische UAW betreffen Subgruppen von Patienten und sind zumeist tolerierbar/behandelbar, wohingegen die „Nebenwirkung“ der unbehandelten Schizophrenie fast alle Patienten betrifft, inklusive Rückfälle, psychosoziale Verschlechterung, sekundäre Therapieresistenz und erhöhte Mortalität. Darum ist bei gesicherter Schizophreniediagnose wahrscheinlich derzeit eine lebenslange kontinuierliche Therapie indiziert, idealerweise mit Antipsychotika, bei denen Adhärenz direkt messbar und verbessert ist. Bei Therapieresistenz ist Clozapin Mittel der Wahl, gefolgt von der Elektrokrampftherapie, die auch die beste Augmentationsevidenz bei Clozapin-Resistenz hat.

Diskussion

Neue Therapeutika mit verbesserter Effektivität und Tolerabilität sowie Wirksamkeit für Negativsymptomatik und Kognition sind erforderlich.
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Metadaten
Titel
Pharmakotherapie der Schizophrenie
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. C. U. Correll
Publikationsdatum
09.01.2020
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 1/2020
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-019-00858-z

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