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Erschienen in: Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz 12/2011

01.12.2011 | Leitthema

Schlafmangel und Insomnie

Einfluss auf die körperliche und psychische Gesundheit

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. rer. soc. Dipl.-Psych. D. Riemann, C. Baglioni, K. Spiegelhalder

Erschienen in: Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz | Ausgabe 12/2011

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Zusammenfassung

Die Begriffe „Schlafmangel“ und „Insomnie“ sollten nicht synonym verwendet und nicht verwechselt werden. Als Schlafmangel wird eine Verkürzung der üblichen Schlafdauer eines Menschen bezeichnet, die durch äußere Umstände oder motivationale Faktoren bedingt ist. Bei einer Insomnie liegt hingegen eine für die Betroffenen nicht erklärbare und mit einem Leidensdruck verbundene Störung des Schlafs vor, obwohl die äußeren Umstände nicht gegen einen ausreichend langen Schlaf sprechen. Die meisten Studien zum Thema Schlafmangel untersuchten den Zusammenhang zwischen der Schlafdauer sowie körperlicher und psychischer Gesundheit. Die Längsschnittstudien zeigten dabei, dass Menschen mit einer verkürzten Schlafdauer (< 6 Stunden) ein erhöhtes Risiko für das Auftreten eines metabolischen Syndroms und für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen aufweisen. Zudem zeigte sich ein U-förmiger Zusammenhang zwischen der Schlafdauer und Mortalität, das heißt, die Mortalität ist sowohl bei einer verkürzten (< 6 Stunden) als auch bei einer verlängerten Schlafdauer (> 8 Stunden) erhöht. In Bezug auf Insomnien konnten ähnliche, allerdings schwächer ausgeprägte Zusammenhänge gezeigt werden. Zudem sind Insomnien Risikofaktoren für psychische Erkrankungen, insbesondere für Depressionen. Die Befunde legen nahe, dem Thema Schlaf und Schlafstörungen in der ärztlichen Praxis mehr Zeit einzuräumen und diesbezügliche Präventionsmaßnahmen zu stärken.
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Metadaten
Titel
Schlafmangel und Insomnie
Einfluss auf die körperliche und psychische Gesundheit
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. rer. soc. Dipl.-Psych. D. Riemann
C. Baglioni
K. Spiegelhalder
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2011
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz / Ausgabe 12/2011
Print ISSN: 1436-9990
Elektronische ISSN: 1437-1588
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-011-1378-y

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