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2019 | Schmerzsyndrome | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

1. Schmerzchronifizierung

verfasst von : Rolf-Detlef Treede

Erschienen in: Praktische Schmerzmedizin

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Zusammenfassung

Der Schmerzsinn ist für das Überleben des Organismus essenziell, weil er vor drohenden Schäden durch äußere Ereignisse oder innere Erkrankungen warnt. Für diese Funktion besitzen wir einen hoch spezialisierten Teil des Nervensystems, das nozizeptive System. Nach einer Gewebeschädigung ist die Empfindlichkeit des nozizeptiven Systems durch periphere und zentrale Sensibilisierung gesteigert. Hieraus resultieren Hyperalgesie und Allodynie, die den Heilungsprozess normalerweise nur um einige Stunden überdauern. Diese relativ kurz dauernde Modulation des nozizeptiven Systems kann in eine lang dauernde Modifikation mit veränderter Genexpression übergehen, für die oft auch der Begriff „Schmerzgedächtnis“ verwendet wird. Dieser Begriff kann aber auch andere klinisch relevante Prozesse beschreiben, wie das episodische Schmerzgedächtnis (bewusstes Erinnern selbst erlebter Schmerzen) oder assoziatives Gedächtnis in Form von klassischer oder operanter Konditionierung (auch zur Behandlung chronischer Schmerzen eingesetzt).
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Metadaten
Titel
Schmerzchronifizierung
verfasst von
Rolf-Detlef Treede
Copyright-Jahr
2019
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-57487-4_1

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