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Erschienen in: Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 3/2021

14.01.2021 | Zytokine | Leitthema

Schmerz bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen

Was haben Biologika und Januskinaseinhibitoren zu bieten?

verfasst von: Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. G. Pongratz

Erschienen in: Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie | Ausgabe 3/2021

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Zusammenfassung

Persistierende Schmerzen trotz adäquater Entzündungskontrolle stellen bei vielen rheumatologischen Erkrankungen eine große Herausforderung für Patient und Arzt dar. Der Fokus der Medikamentenentwicklung lag in den letzten Jahren auf der antientzündlichen Therapie. Hier sind enorme Fortschritte gemacht und viele Therapieoptionen geschaffen worden. Man beobachtet, dass entzündungsbedingte Schmerzen zwar gut über antientzündliche Therapien gelindert werden können, die chronische Schmerzkomponente bleibt aber ein Problem. Schmerzen werden durch Entzündungsmediatoren beeinflusst. Durch Wirkung am peripheren Nozizeptor kommt es zur peripheren Sensibilisierung. Dauert die Entzündungsreaktion an, kann es auch zentral auf Rückenmarksebene oder im Gehirn durch einwandernde Immunzellen und/oder lokale Aktivierung von z. B. Mikroglia zur zentralen Sensibilisierung und Chronifizierung kommen. Hierdurch kommt es zu einer zunehmenden Verselbstständigung und Abkopplung der Schmerzen vom eigentlichen Entzündungsprozess. Die vorliegende Übersicht beschäftigt sich mit der Frage ob b(„biologic“)DMARDs („disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs“) oder ts(„targeted synthetic“)DMARDs neben der Entzündungshemmung auch günstig in diese den Schmerz betreffenden Vorgänge eingreifen können. Es gibt präklinische Daten, die einen Einfluss auf Sensibilisierungsvorgänge bei Einsatz von Zytokininhibitoren nahelegen. Andererseits zeigen klinische Daten bisher nur, dass sowohl bDMARDs als auch tsDMARDs den nozizeptiven Entzündungsschmerz über die Krankheitsentitäten hinweg zuverlässig und schnell reduzieren. Eine Wirkung auf die Vorgänge der zentralen Sensibilisierung und damit auf die Chronifizierung von Schmerzen kann anhand der vorliegenden klinischen Daten nicht abschließend beurteilt werden.
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Metadaten
Titel
Schmerz bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen
Was haben Biologika und Januskinaseinhibitoren zu bieten?
verfasst von
Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. G. Pongratz
Publikationsdatum
14.01.2021
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Schlagwort
Zytokine
Erschienen in
Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie / Ausgabe 3/2021
Print ISSN: 0340-1855
Elektronische ISSN: 1435-1250
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00393-020-00957-2

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