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Erschienen in: Der Schmerz 4/2022

15.02.2022 | Schwerpunkt

Schmerzmodellierung durch Bewegung

Bewegungsinduzierte Hypoalgesie in der Physiotherapie

verfasst von: Pauline Kuithan, Alison Rushton, Nicola R. Heneghan

Erschienen in: Der Schmerz | Ausgabe 4/2022

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Zusammenfassung

Übungen sind ein Kernbestandteil von Physiotherapie. Eine der vielen positiven Wirkungen von Übungsprogrammen ist der Effekt auf die endogene Schmerzmodellierung. Bewegungsinduzierte Hypoalgesie (BIH) ist definiert als eine kurzzeitige Erhöhung der Schmerzschwelle als direkte Antwort auf eine Bewegungsübung. Das Phänomen BIH hat in den letzten Jahren große Aufmerksamkeit in der Forschung bekommen mit über 150 publizierten Studien. Vier systematische Übersichtsarbeiten wurden allein im Jahr 2020 veröffentlicht.
Dieses narrative Review liefert einen Überblick über das Phänomen BIH und fasst die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen und Einflussfaktoren zusammen. Aktuelle systematische Übersichtsarbeiten bei gesunden Teilnehmern und Patienten wurden anhand von AMSTAR2 bewertet. Das Phänomen BIH ist wissenschaftlich fundiert, aber es besteht niedrige bis sehr niedrige Konfidenz, dass BIH bei Gesunden auftritt. Große Heterogenität, hohes Verzerrungsrisiko und das Nichterfüllen der Einschlusskriterien für die systematischen Übersichtsarbeiten beeinträchtigen die Auswertung. Für Menschen mit Erkrankungen besteht sehr niedrige Konfidenz, bestenfalls zeigen Subgruppen oder isometrische Übungen geänderte BIH. Trotz des großen Interesses an der Thematik konnten Probleme mit der aktuellen Studienlage durch die Komplexität von BIH aufgezeigt werden. Es fehlen Empfehlungen für Messinstrumente und Übungsparameter, zudem wurden Reliabilität und Validität bisher wenig erforscht.
Weitere Grundlagenforschung zu BIH-Parametern und Kontextfaktoren wird benötigt und kann zum Verständnis von BIH beitragen, um dann in klinische Forschung, insbesondere bei Patientengruppen, und anschließend die Rehabilitation übertragen werden zu können.
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Metadaten
Titel
Schmerzmodellierung durch Bewegung
Bewegungsinduzierte Hypoalgesie in der Physiotherapie
verfasst von
Pauline Kuithan
Alison Rushton
Nicola R. Heneghan
Publikationsdatum
15.02.2022
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Der Schmerz / Ausgabe 4/2022
Print ISSN: 0932-433X
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-2129
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-022-00623-3

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