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Erschienen in: Der Gynäkologe 7/2020

22.06.2020 | Schwangerenvorsorge | Leitthema

Fetale Programmierung von Zellalterungsprozessen

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Sonja Entringer, Claudia Lazarides

Erschienen in: Die Gynäkologie | Ausgabe 7/2020

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Das Forschungsgebiet „Fetale Programmierung von Krankheit und Gesundheit“ untersucht, inwieweit die individuelle Anfälligkeit für die Entstehung verschiedenster Erkrankungen über die Lebensspanne bereits während der intrauterinen Entwicklung geprägt wird. Von besonderem Interesse sind die molekularen Mechanismen, die es ermöglichen, dass Umweltbedingungen im frühen Leben langfristige, gravierende Effekte auf das Krankheitsrisiko im späteren Leben ausüben können.

Fragestellung und Befunde

Erläutert wird das Konzept der fetalen Programmierung, diskutiert werden Veränderungen in Zellalterungsprozessen, insbesondere der Telomerbiologie, als möglicher Mechanismus, über den Krankheitsvulnerabilität durch intrauterine Einflussfaktoren vermittelt werden können. Auf der einen Seite belegen Befunde aus Tier- und Humanstudien, dass verschiedene pränatale Faktoren, z. B. ungünstige Ernährung, psychosozialer Stress, medizinische Risikofaktoren während der Schwangerschaft, mit Veränderungen im Telomersystem der Nachkommen einhergehen. Andererseits sind Veränderungen im Telomersystem mit erhöhtem Risiko für altersbedingte Erkrankungen assoziiert. Einige Studien legen nahe, dass Mind-Body-Interventionen die Telomerbiologie positiv beeinflussen können.

Schlussfolgerung

Die aufgeführten Forschungsarbeiten erlauben Einblicke in die molekularbiologischen Mechanismen, welche den Zusammenhang zwischen intrauterinen Umweltfaktoren und dem Krankheitsrisiko im späteren Leben vermitteln. Es existiert ein erheblicher Mangel an Translation zwischen diesen Erkenntnissen und ihrer Anwendung in der klinischen Versorgung. Eine Risikoidentifizierung – so früh wie möglich – kann dazu beitragen, dass Interventionen präventiv ansetzen und maximal wirksam sein können, um die fetale Programmierung von Krankheitsrisiken zu verhindern bzw. rückgängig zu machen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Fetale Programmierung von Zellalterungsprozessen
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Sonja Entringer
Claudia Lazarides
Publikationsdatum
22.06.2020
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Schlagwort
Schwangerenvorsorge
Erschienen in
Die Gynäkologie / Ausgabe 7/2020
Print ISSN: 2731-7102
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7110
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-020-04623-1

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