Background
Methods
Plant collection and preparation of crude extracts
GC-MS analysis
Antibacterial activity
Results and discussion
SN | Retention time | Area per cent | Name of compounds |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 10.086 | 0.19 | Beta-Himachalene |
2 | 11.992 | 0.14 | .Alpha.-Eudesmol |
3 | 12.152 | 0.62 | Myristyl acrylate |
4 | 13.239 | 0.08 | 1-Octadecene |
5 | 14.150 | 0.10 | Phthalychloride |
6 | 14.643 | 0.14 | Methyl Palmitate |
7 | 15.067 | 4.53 | Pentadecanoic acid |
8 | 16.030 | 0.11 | Heptadecanoic acid |
9 | 16.318 | 0.24 | Linoleic acid methyl ester |
10 | 16.772 | 19.77 | Linoleic acid |
11 | 16.803 | 13.10 | cis-Vaccenic acid |
12 | 16.860 | 4.13 | Ambrettolide |
13 | 16.974 | 2.92 | Octadecanoic acid |
14 | 17.566 | 0.67 | 10,12-Hexadecadien-1-ol |
15 | 20.814 | 0.41 | Lignoceric alcohol |
16 | 24.147 | 0.28 | Nonadecyl pentafluoropropionate |
17 | 26.641 | 0.31 | 2,3-Oxidosqualene |
18 | 36.274 | 2.59 | Taraxerone |
19 | 36.631 | 1.45 | Clionasterol |
20 | 37.952 | 6.21 | Simiarene |
21 | 38.517 | 14.20 | Epi-psi-Taraxastanonol |
22 | 39.357 | 17.91 | Lupeol |
23 | 41.461 | 1.81 | Sitostenone |
Total | 91.91 | ||
Unidentified | 0.34 |
SN | Retention time | Area percent | Name of compounds |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 5.184 | 0.23 | 2,3-Dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4 h-pyran-4-one |
2 | 8.397 | 0.26 | 4-Propylphenol |
3 | 10.625 | 0.07 | Lauric acid |
4 | 11.354 | 0.36 | .beta.-Methylglucoside |
5 | 11.750 | 9.29 | D-Quinic acid |
6 | 11.924 | 0.14 | 2H-Indeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one, 3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydro-8,8-dimethyl |
7 | 12.111 | 0.87 | Tetradecyl acrylate |
8 | 12.367 | 0.12 | Methoxyeugenol |
9 | 12.533 | 0.08 | 2-Hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2,4,6-cycloheptatrienone |
10 | 12.733 | 0.25 | Methyl-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) acetat |
11 | 12.856 | 1.44 | Coniferol |
12 | 13.200 | 0.07 | Cyclopentadecane |
13 | 13.283 | 0.26 | (−)-Loliolide |
14 | 13.453 | 0.84 | 2-Cyclohexen-1-one, 4-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-4-(3-oxo-1-butenyl)- |
15 | 13.711 | 0.67 | Oleic acid |
16 | 13.970 | 0.15 | Neophytadiene |
17 | 14.093 | 0.05 | Caprylone |
18 | 14.164 | 0.25 | E-2-Tetradecen-1-ol |
19 | 14.458 | 0.20 | 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenethylamine |
20 | 14.596 | 0.27 | Methyl palmitate |
21 | 15.020 | 5.04 | Pentadecanoic acid |
22 | 15.254 | 0.18 | 5,9-Dimethyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclodecane-1,4-dione |
23 | 15.405 | 0.11 | 2,4,4-Trimethyl-3-(3-oxobutyl)cyclohex-2-enone |
24 | 15.490 | 0.20 | Benzenepropanoic acid, 2,5-dimethoxy- |
25 | 15.996 | 0.37 | 4-Oxazolecarboxylic acid, 4,5-dihydro-2-phenyl-, 1-methylethyl ester |
26 | 16.270 | 0.17 | Methyl linoleate |
27 | 16.317 | 0.14 | Methyl oleate |
28 | 16.456 | 1.21 | Phytol |
29 | 16.726 | 17.09 | Linoleic acid |
30 | 16.919 | 1.43 | Octadecanoic acid |
31 | 18.527 | 0.42 | Methyl hexadecadienoate |
32 | 18.718 | 0.11 | 11-Eicosenoic acid |
33 | 18.978 | 0.62 | Arachidic acid |
34 | 19.279 | 0.12 | cis-9-Hexadecenal |
35 | 20.133 | 0.13 | Methyl tetrahydroionol |
36 | 21.618 | 0.50 | cis-Vaccenic acid |
37 | 23.680 | 0.11 | Ethyl linoleate (JAN) |
38 | 23.807 | 0.09 | 1,1’-Biphenyl, 2-formyl-4′,5′,6′-trimethoxy- |
39 | 24.061 | 2.93 | 1-Heptacosanol |
40 | 25.631 | 0.10 | 5-Hydroxymethyl-1,1,4a-trimethyl-6-methylenedecahydronaphthalen-2-ol |
41 | 25.889 | 0.56 | Octadecanal |
42 | 26.567 | 0.41 | 2,8-Dimethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-6-chromanol |
43 | 26.915 | 0.44 | Butanedioic acid, di-9-dodecyn-1-yl ester |
44 | 27.372 | 0.49 | 2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohex-1-enylmethanesulfonyl)benzene |
45 | 27.673 | 0.45 | Tocopherol |
46 | 28.406 | 0.56 | 3-Hydroxycholest-4-en-6-one |
47 | 29.332 | 0.47 | .beta.-Tocopherol |
48 | 29.583 | 0.24 | .gamma.-Tocopherol |
49 | 30.461 | 1.17 | Baccharane |
50 | 31.294 | 2.78 | Vitamin E |
51 | 32.319 | 1.25 | (+)-γ-Tocopherol, O-methyl- |
52 | 33.809 | 0.47 | 1H-Indole |
53 | 36.231 | 15.29 | Simiarene |
54 | 36.396 | 0.74 | Clionasterol |
55 | 36.793 | 0.82 | Verticiol |
56 | 37.508 | 0.49 | .beta.-Amyrin |
57 | 37.714 | 0.45 | Methyl ursolate |
58 | 39.351 | 0.67 | D:C-Friedo-B′:A’-neogammacer-9(11)-en-3-one |
59 | 40.473 | 0.62 | 9,19-Cyclolanost-23-en-3-ol, 25-methoxy-, acetate, (3.beta.,23e)- |
60 | 40.807 | 0.16 | -Heptadecyloxirane |
61 | 41.130 | 3.81 | Stigmast-4-en-3-one |
62 | 44.451 | 15.26 | Flavone 4’-OH,5-OH,7-di-o-glucoside |
Total | 94.54 | ||
Unidentified | 1.10 |
Bacterial strains | QLB (ZOI) | QLL (ZOI) | DMSO (ZOI) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
QLB (Ave ± SD) mm | Ampi (Ave ± SD) mm | QLL (Ave ± SD) mm | Ampi (Ave ± SD) mm | ||
E. coli
| 9.37 ± 0.65 | 22.7 ± 0.65 | 8.53 ± 0.50 | 21.5 ± 0.62 | 0.00 |
P. aeruginosa
| 13.97 ± 0.42 | 23.2 ± 0.74 | 13.27 ± 0.25 | 23.3 ± 0.70 | 0.00 |
S. aureus
| 16.97 ± 0.25 | 22.6 ± 0.62 | 13.80 ± 1.51 | 20.7 ± 0.56 | 0.00 |
S. pyogenes
| 15.97 ± 0.65 | 21.2 ± 0.46 | 15.83 ± 0.29 | 22.4 ± 0.52 | 0.00 |
B. subtilis
| 19.07 ± 0.31 | 22.2 ± 0.51 | 17.03 ± 0.55 | 20.6 ± 0.57 | 0.00 |