Introduction
Methods
Data sources and searches
Study selection
Data extraction and quality assessment
Data synthesis and analysis
Population attributable fraction (PAF)
Role of the funding source
Results
Search results
Study characteristics
Authors | Country/cohort | Exposures investigated (events) | n at baseline/average follow-up (years) | Average age at baselinea/proportion male | Full list of covariates included in models |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
All-cause mortality | |||||
Chau et al. [40] | Norway/HUNT3 | Total sitting (640), TV viewing (684) | 42,077/3.3 | 53.3/0.45 | Sex, body mass index, education level, meeting PA guidelines, smoking status, general health status, cardio-metabolic disease (CMD) status with age as the time axis |
Kim et al. [45] | USA/Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC) | Total sitting (19,143), TV viewing (19,143) | 134,596/13.7 | 59.0/0.46 | Hazard ratios were calculated with age as the time metric, adjusted for age at cohort entry (5-year age groups), education, ethnicity and smoking history [including the following variables: smoking status, average number of cigarettes, average number of cigarettes squared, number of years smoked (time dependent), number of years since quitting (time dependent) and interactions between ethnicity and the smoking variables]. also adjusted for history of hypertension and/or diabetes at enrolment, alcohol consumption, energy intake and physical activity (METs per week for moderate activity, vigorous work and strenuous sports) |
Pulsford et al. [66] | UK/Whitehall 2 | Total sitting (450), TV viewing (324) | 5132/15.7 | 43.9/0.73 | Age, gender, employment grade and ethnicity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption, BMI, physical functioning, daily walking time and MVPA. |
Ensrud et al. [42] | USA/Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS) | Total sitting—accelerometer measured (409) | 2918/4.5 | 79/1.00 | Age, race, site, season, education, marital status, health status, smoking, comorbidity burden, depressive symptoms, cognitive function, number of instrumental activity of daily living impairments, and % body fat., Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, Gait Speed, and Time Spent Asleep |
Fox et al. [51] | UK/OPAL | Total sitting—accelerometer measured (32) | 208/4.2 | 78.1/0.51 | Adjusting for age, gender, educational attainment, IMD, weight status, GP Management System and number of self-reported chronic illnesses at baseline; additionally adjusting for lower limb function |
Inoue et al. [55] | Japan/Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study group | Total sitting (4564) | 83,034/8.7 | 56.0/0.47 | Age (5-year age categories), area (11 PHC areas), occupation (stratified, full-time agriculture/forestry/fishery, full-time salaried/self-employed/professional, multiple occupations, full-time housework/retired/unemployed), history of diabetes (Y/N), smoking status (never, past, current), alcohol intake status (almost none, occasional, regular), BMI (14 to < 20, 20 to < 27, ≥ 27), total energy intake (quintiles), heavy physical work or strenuous exercise (none, < 1 h, ≥ 1 h), walking or standing hours (< 1 h, 1–3 h, ≥ 3 h), and leisure-time sports or physical exercise (< day/week, 1–2 days/week, ≥ 3–4 days/week) |
Katzmarzyk et al. [56] | Canada/Canada Fitness Survey | Total sitting (1832) | 17,013/12.0 | 42.0/0.43 | Age, sex (as a continuous variable), smoking (former, current, non-smoker), alcohol consumption (abstainer, < 10 drinks per month, 10–50 drinks per month, > 50 drink per month), leisure time physical activity (as a continuous variable, METh wk−1), and the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (pass/fail/missing) |
Matthews et al. [60] | USA/Southern Community Cohort Study | Total Sitting (5007) | 64,304/6.4 | 69.9/0.45 | Sex, source of enrollment (community health center or general population), educational level (< 9 years, 9–11 years, high school, some college, or beyond college), household income (< $15,000, $15,000–$24,999, $25,000–$49,999, or ≥ $50,000), cigarette smoking (never; former, < 1 pack/day; former, ≥ 1 pack/day; current, < 1 pack/day; or current, ≥ 1 pack/day), BMI(< 18.5, 18.5–24.9, 25–29.9, 30.0–34.9, or ≥ 35.0), sleep duration (< 7, 7–8, or ≥ 9 h/day), diabetes (Y/N), employment status (Y/N), and overall physical activity level (quartiles). (Age was used as the underlying time metric) |
Matthews et al. [62] | USA/NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study | Total sitting (12,201) | 154,614/6.8 | 69.8/0.52 | Age, Education (< 12 years, high school graduate, some college, college graduate, unknown), Smoking history (never, stopped 10+, 5–9, 1–4 years ago, stopped < 1 year, current smoker, unknown), Sleep duration (< 4, 4, 5.9, 6, 7.9, 8, 9.9, 10+ h/day, unknown), Overall health (excellent, very good, good, fair, poor, unknown), and BMI (< 25, 25, 29.9, 30+ kg/m2, unknown) additionally adjusted for Overall physical activity (< 1, 1–1.9, 2–2.9, 3–3.9, 4+ h/day) |
Pavey et al. [63] | Australia/Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health | Total sitting (1364) | 47,53/6.0 | 78.0/0.00 | Age, education, marital status, area, smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, PA |
Petersen et al. [64] | Denmark/Danish Health Examination Survey | Total sitting (1074) | 71,363/5.4 | 48.1/0.40 | Age, sex, education, physical activity level in leisure time, smoking habits, body mass index, alcohol consumption, diabetes, and hypertension |
Schmid et al. [67] | USA/National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey | Total sitting—accelerometer measured (112) | 1677/2.9 | 67.0/0.49 | Age, sex, education, ethnicity, smoking, light physical activity, alcohol consumption, history of diabetes, history of cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, stroke), history of cancer, and mobility limitations. Plus accelerometer measured MVPA |
Seguin et al. [68] | USA/Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Observational Study (OS) and Extension Study (ES). | Total sitting (13,316) | 92,234/12.2 | 64.0/0.00 | Age, race, physical activities, and physical function score adjusted |
van der Ploeg et al. [71] | Australia/45 and up cohort | Total sitting (4405) | 22,2497/2.8 | 62.1/0.48 | Age, sex, educational level, marital status, urban or rural residence, physical activity, BMI, smoking status, self-rated health, and receiving help with daily tasks for a long-term illness or disability |
Basterra-Gortari et al. [39] | Spain/The SUN Cohort | TV viewing (97) | 13,284/8.2 | 37/0.38 | Age (continuous), sex, smoking history (never, current, quit), total energy intake, Mediterranean diet adherence (continuous), baseline body mass index (continuous), physical activity (quartiles), computer use (continuous) and driving (continuous) |
Dunstan et al. [49] | Australia/The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab) | TV viewing (284) | 8800/6.6 | 50.47/0.44 | Age, sex, smoking (current or ex-smoker), education (≥ 12 years), total energy intake, alcohol intake, Diet Quality Index, waist circumference, hypertension (blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication use), total plasma cholesterol (mmol/L), HDL-C (mmol/L), serum triglycerides (mmol/L, log), lipid-lowering medication use, and glucose tolerance status and exercise time |
Keadle et al. [57] | USA/NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study | TV viewing (36,590) | 221,426/14.1 | 62.5/0.57 | Age (years), sex, race (white, black, other, missing), education (< 12 years, high school graduate, some college, college graduate, missing), smoking history (never; quit, ≤ 20 cigarettes/day; quit, > 20 cigarettes/day; current, ≤ 20 cigarettes/day; current, > 20 cigarettes/day; unknown), MVPA (never or rarely, 1, 1–3, 4–7, Z7 h/week) and diet quality (quintiles), BMI categories (18.5 to < 25, 25 to < 30, 30–35 and > 35 kg/m2) and health status (good, very good, excellent) |
Matthews et al. [61] | USA/NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study | TV viewing (17,044) | 240,819/8.5 | 62.5/0.56 | Age, sex, race (white, black, other, missing), education (< 12 year, high school graduate, some college, college graduate, missing), smoking history (never; quit, ≤ 20 cigarettes/day; quit, > 20 cigarettes/day; current, ≤ 20 cigarettes/day; current, > 20 cigarettes/day; unknown), diet quality (quintiles) moderate-vigorous physical activity (never/rarely; < 1, 1–3, 4–7, > 7 h/week) |
Muennig et al. [46] | USA/General Socal Survey | TV viewing (2048) | 9344/b | 44.0/0.42 | Year, race, sex, education status, age, and income |
Suzuki et al. [70] | Japan/Japan Collaborative cohort study | TV viewing (9880) | 110,792/b | 57.8/0.41 | Age and area of study |
Wijndaele et al. [48] | UK/EPIC-Norfolk | TV viewing (1270) | 13,197/9.5 | 61.5/0.43 | Age and gender, education level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, medication for hypertension (not in models examining cancer mortality), medication for dyslipidaemia (not in models examining cancer mortality), baseline history of diabetes, family history of CVD and family history of cancer, total PAEE (METh/day) |
CVD mortality
| |||||
Kim et al. [45] | USA/Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC) | Total sitting (6535), TV viewing (6535) | 134,596/13.7 | 59.0/0.46 | Hazard ratios were calculated with age as the time metric, adjusted for age at cohort entry (5–year age groups), education, ethnicity and smoking history [including the following variables: smoking status, average number of cigarettes, average number of cigarettes squared, number of years smoked (time dependent), number of years since quitting (time dependent) and interactions between ethnicity and the smoking variables]. also adjusted for history of hypertension and/or diabetes at enrolment, alcohol consumption, energy intake and physical activity (METs per week for moderate activity, vigorous work and strenuous sports) |
Ensrud et al. [42] | USA/Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS) | Total sitting– accelerometer measured (138) | 2918/4.5 | 79/1.00 | Age, race, site, season, education, marital status, health status, smoking, comorbidity burden, depressive symptoms, cognitive function, number of instrumental activity of daily living impairments, and % body fat |
Katzmarzyk et al. [56] | Canada/Canada Fitness Survey | Total sitting (759) | 17,013/12.0 | 42.0/0.43 | Age, sex (as a continuous variable), smoking (former, current, non-smoker), alcohol consumption (abstainer, < 10 drinks per month, 10–50 drinks per month, > 50 drink per month), leisure time physical activity (as a continuous variable, METh week−1), and the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (pass/fail/missing) |
Matthews et al. [60] | USA/Southern Community Cohort Study | Total Sitting (1376) | 64,304/6.4 | 69.9/0.45 | Sex, source of enrollment (community health center or general population), educational level (< 9 years, 9–11 years, high school, some college, or beyond college), household income (< $15,000, $15,000–$24,999, $25,000–$49,999, or ≥ $50,000), cigarette smoking (never; former, < 1 pack/day; former, ≥ 1 pack/day; current, < 1 pack/day; or current, ≥ 1 pack/day), BMI(< 18.5, 18.5–24.9, 25–29.9, 30.0–34.9, or ≥ 35.0), sleep duration (< 7, 7–8, or ≥ 9 h/day), diabetes (Y/N), employment status (Y/N), and overall physical activity level (quartiles) (age was used as the underlying time metric) |
Matthews et al. [62] | USA/NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study | Total sitting (3339) | 154,614/6.8 | 69.8/0.52 | Age, Education (< 12 years, high school graduate, some college, college graduate, unknown), Smoking history (never, stopped 10+, 5–9, 1–4 years ago, stopped < 1 year, current smoker, unknown), Sleep duration (< 4, 4, 5.9, 6, 7.9, 8, 9.9, 10+ h/day, unknown), Overall health (excellent, very good, good, fair, poor, unknown), and BMI (< 25, 25, 29.9, 30+ kg/m2, unknown) additionally adjusted for Overall physical activity (< 1, 1–1.9, 2–2.9, 3–3.9, 4+ h/day) |
Seguin et al. [68] | USA/Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Observational Study (OS) and Extension Study (ES). | Total sitting (3878) | 92,234/12.2 | 64.0/0.00 | Age, race, physical activities, and physical function score adjusted |
Dunstan et al. [49] | Australia/The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab) | TV viewing (87) | 8800/6.6 | 50.47/0.44 | Age, sex, smoking (current or ex-smoker), education (≥ 12 years), total energy intake, alcohol intake, Diet Quality Index, waist circumference, hypertension (blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication use), total plasma cholesterol (mmol/L), HDL-C (mmol/L), serum triglycerides (mmol/L, log), lipid-lowering medication use, and glucose tolerance status and exercise time |
Ikehara et al. [54] | Japan/The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study | TV viewing (5835) | 85,899/19.2 | 41.9/0.42 | Age and Sex, BMI, smoking, ethanol intake, education level, hours of sport, hours of walking, sleep duration, perceived mental stress, presence of job, frequency of fresh fish intake and depressive symptoms |
Matthews et al. [61] | USA/NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study | TV viewing (4684) | 240,819/8.5 | 62.5/0.56 | Age, sex, race (white, black, other, missing), education (< 12 year, high school graduate, some college, college graduate, missing), smoking history (never; quit, ≤ 20 cigarettes/day; quit, > 20 cigarettes/day; current, ≤ 20 cigarettes/day; current, > 20 cigarettes/day; unknown), diet quality (quintiles) moderate-vigorous physical activity (never/rarely; < 1, 1–3, 4–7, > 7 h/week) |
Warren et al. [47] | USA/ACLS Cohort | TV viewing (377) | 7744/b | 47.1/1.00 | Age, physically inactive, current smoker, alcohol intake (less than one, between one and two, and more than two drinks per day), BMI, family history of CVD, hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia |
Wijndaele et al. [48] | UK/EPIC-Norfolk | TV viewing (373) | 13,197/9.5 | 61.5/0.43 | Age and gender, education level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, medication for hypertension (not in models examining cancer mortality), medication for dyslipidaemia (not in models examining cancer mortality), baseline history of diabetes, family history of CVD and family history of cancer, total PAEE (MET_h/day) |
Cancer mortality
| |||||
Kim et al. [45] | USA/Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC) | Total sitting (6697), TV viewing (6697) | 134,596/13.7 | 59.0/0.46 | Hazard ratios were calculated with age as the time metric, adjusted for age at cohort entry (5–year age groups), education, ethnicity and smoking history [including the following variables: smoking status, average number of cigarettes, average number of cigarettes squared, number of years smoked (time dependent), number of years since quitting (time dependent) and interactions between ethnicity and the smoking variables]. also adjusted for history of hypertension and/or diabetes at enrolment, alcohol consumption, energy intake and physical activity (METs per week for moderate activity, vigorous work and strenuous sports) |
Ensrud et al. [42] | USA/Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS) | Total sitting– accelerometer measured (129) | 2918/4.5 | 79/1.00 | Age, race, site, season, education, marital status, health status, smoking, comorbidity burden, depressive symptoms, cognitive function, number of instrumental activity of daily living impairments, % body fat |
Katzmarzyk et al. [56] | Canada/Canada Fitness Survey | Total sitting (547) | 17,013/12.0 | 42.0/0.43 | Age, sex (as a continuous variable), smoking (former, current, non-smoker), alcohol consumption (abstainer, < 10 drinks per month, 10–50 drinks per month, > 50 drink per month), leisure time physical activity (as a continuous variable, METh wk−1), and the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (pass/fail/missing) |
Matthews et al. [60] | USA/Southern Community Cohort Study | Total Sitting (1227) | 64,304/6.4 | 69.9/0.45 | Sex, source of enrollment (community health center or general population), educational level (< 9 years, 9–11 years, high school, some college, or beyond college), household income (< $15,000, $15,000–$24,999, $25,000–$49,999, or ≥ $50,000), cigarette smoking (never; former, < 1 pack/day; former, ≥ 1 pack/day; current, < 1 pack/day; or current, ≥ 1 pack/day), BMI(< 18.5, 18.5–24.9, 25–29.9, 30.0–34.9, or ≥ 35.0), sleep duration (< 7, 7–8, or ≥ 9 h/day), diabetes (Y/N), employment status (Y/N), and overall physical activity level (quartiles). (Age was used as the underlying time metric) |
Matthews et al. [62] | USA/NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study | Total sitting (4507) | 154,614/6.8 | 69.8/0.52 | Age, Education (< 12 yrs, high school graduate, some college, college graduate, unknown), Smoking history (never, stopped 10+, 5–9, 1–4 years ago, stopped < 1 year, current smoker, unknown), Sleep duration (< 4, 4, 5.9, 6, 7.9, 8, 9.9, 10+ h/day, unknown), Overall health (excellent, very good, good, fair, poor, unknown), and BMI (< 25, 25, 29.9, 30+ kg/m2, unknown) additionally adjusted for Overall physical activity (< 1, 1–1.9, 2–2.9, 3–3.9, 4+ h/day) |
Seguin et al. [68] | USA/Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Observational Study (OS) and Extension Study (ES). | Total sitting (4759) | 92,234/12.2 | 64.0/0.00 | Age, race, physical activities, and physical function score adjusted |
Dunstan et al. [49] | Australia/The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab) | TV viewing (125) | 8800/6.6 | 50.47/0.44 | Age, sex, smoking (current or ex-smoker), education (≥ 12 years), total energy intake, alcohol intake, Diet Quality Index, waist circumference, hypertension (blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication use), total plasma cholesterol (mmol/L), HDL-C (mmol/L), serum triglycerides (mmol/L, log), lipid-lowering medication use, and glucose tolerance status and exercise time |
Keadle et al. [57] | USA/NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study | TV viewing (15,161) | 221,426/14.1 | 62.5/0.57 | Age (years), sex, race (white, black, other, missing), education (< 12 years, high school graduate, some college, college graduate, missing), smoking history (never; quit, ≤ 20 cigarettes/day; quit, > 20 cigarettes/day; current, ≤ 20 cigarettes/day; current, > 20 cigarettes/day; unknown), MVPA (never or rarely, 1, 1–3, 4–7, Z7 h/week) and diet quality (quintiles), BMI categories (18.5 to < 25, 25 to < 30, 30–35 and > 35 kg/m2) and health status (good, very good, excellent) |
Matthews et al. [61] | USA/NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study | TV viewing (7652) | 240,819/8.5 | 62.5/0.56 | Age, sex, race (white, black, other, missing), education (< 12 year, high school graduate, some college, college graduate, missing), smoking history (never; quit, ≤ 20 cigarettes/day; quit, > 20 cigarettes/day; current, ≤ 20 cigarettes/day; current, > 20 cigarettes/day; unknown), diet quality (quintiles) moderate-vigorous physical activity (never/rarely; < 1, 1–3, 4–7, > 7 h/week) |
Suzuki et al. [70] | Japan/Japan Collaborative cohort study | TV viewing (3787) | 110,792/b | 57.8/0.41 | Age and area of study |
Wijndaele et al. [48] | UK/EPIC-Norfolk | TV viewing (570) | 13,197/9.5 | 61.5/0.43 | Age and gender, education level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, medication for hypertension (not in models examining cancer mortality), medication for dyslipidaemia (not in models examining cancer mortality), baseline history of diabetes, family history of CVD and family history of cancer, total PAEE (MET_h/day) |
Incident type 2 diabetes
| |||||
Ding et al. [41] | Australia/45 and up | Total sitting (829) | 54,997/3.4 | 45 +/0.46 | Sex, age, quintile of socioeconomic disadvantage, household income categories, country of birth (categorised), highest education, CVD disease (yes/no), high cholesterol (yes/no), family history of T2DM (yes/no), smoking (yes/no), alcohol consumption ≤ drinks, > 14 drinks, total minutes of MVPA (≥ 300 min/150 to < 300 min/< 150 min), fruit intake per day (≥ 2 servings/< 2 servings), vegetable intake per day (≥ 5/< 5 servings), body weight status (healthy weight/underweight/overweight/obese) and psychological distress (none or low or moderate/high or very high) |
Gibbs et at [43] | USA/The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study | Total sitting (201) | 1869/5 | 45.3/0.43 | Adjusted for age, center, race, sex, education, income, smoking, alcohol, wear time, and log-transformed MVPA |
Manini et al. [59] | USA/Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Observational Study (OS) | Total sitting (7426) | 88,250/11.1 | 63.95/0.00 | Age, ethnicity and race, college education, income less than $35,000 per year, marital status, comorbidity propensity score (feeling depressed, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, osteoarthritis, history of cancer, and CVD), number of immediate family members with history of diabetes, currently smoking, alcohol intake > 7 drinks per week, percent of daily caloric intake as carbohydrate and percent of daily caloric intake as fat, BMI (kg = m2) and minutes performing MVPA |
Petersen et al. [65] | Denmark/DANHES | Total sitting (1790) | 72,608/4.9 | 48.5/0.40 | Sex, age, education (< 12, 12–14 and 15+ years), smoking habits(never-smoker, ex-smoker, occasional smoker, daily smoker (1–15 g of tobacco/day) and heavy smoker (> 15 g of tobacco/day)), body mass index (continuous), alcohol consumption (number of drinks/week), and hypertension (yes current/yes previously, no) and previous cardiovascular disease (yes current/yes previously, no) and MVPA (summed from 4 domains (work, transport, domestic and leisure time using IPAQ) |
Anjana et al. [38] | India/Chennai urban rural epidemiology study (CURES-142) | TV viewing (385) | 1376/10 | 38/0.42 | Age, gender, family history of diabetes, physical inactivity, generalized obesity, abdominal obesity, household income, total energy, energy adjusted saturated fatty acid (SFA g/day in quartiles), and dietary fiber (g/day in quartiles) for the selected diet variables. In addition, added sugars (g/day) and meat intake (g/day) were further adjusted for dairy intake |
Ford et al. [50] | Germany/EPIC–Potsdam | TV viewing (927) | 23,855/7.8 | 49.7/0.38 | Age, sex, educational status, and occupational activity, plus smoking status, alcohol use, and physical activity |
Hu et al. [52] | USA/The health professional follow-up study (HPFS) | TV viewing (767) | 31,379/8.0 | 55.3/1.00 | Age, length of follow up, smoking, parental history of diabetes, alcohol consumption, and physical activity |
Hu et al. [53] | USA/Nurses’ Health Study | TV viewing (1515) | 68,497/5.3 | 57.4/0.00 | Age, hormone use, alcohol consumption, smoking, family history of diabetes, and physical activity |
Joseph et al. [44] | USA/Multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA) | TV viewing (655) | 5829/11.1 | 61.8/46.4 | Age, race, gender, education, current occupation status, study site, current smoking, systolic blood pressure, and current hypertension medication usage |
Krishnan et al. [58] | USA/The Black Women’s Health Study (BWHS) | TV viewing (2928) | 45,668/4.0 | 21–69/0.00 | Age, time period, family history of diabetes, years of education, family income, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption, energy intake, coffee consumption, vigorous activity television watching and walking |
Smith et al. [69] | UK/English Longitudinal Study of Aging—ELSA | TV viewing (129) | 5964/2.0 | 64.6/0.44 | Age, sex, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, depressive symptoms, long-standing illness, disability (impairment in activities of daily living/instrumental activities of daily living) |
Outcome (cases/n baseline) | Exposure (number of contributing studies for non-PA adjusted/PA adjusted estimates) | Without PA adjustment | With PA adjustment | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Summary RR (95%CI) | p value RR = 1 | I2 (%) | p value non-linearity | Summary RR (95%CI) | p value RR = 1 | I2 (%) | p value non-linearity | ||
All-cause mortality (110,395/1,138,042) | Total sedentary behaviour (12/13) | 1.03 (1.02, 1.04) | < 0.001 | 49.7 | < 0.001 | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) | < 0.001 | 65.6 | < 0.001 |
TV viewing (7/7) | 1.07 (1.04, 1.09) | < 0.001 | 70.9 | < 0.001 | 1.05 (1.04, 1.05) | < 0.001 | 0 | < 0.001 | |
CVD mortality (24,042/667,524) | Total sedentary behaviour (6/5) | 1.03 (1.02, 1.03) | < 0.001 | 0 | 0.001 | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) | 0.004 | 22.7 | 0.010 |
TV viewing (5/6) | 1.05 (1.02, 1.09) | 0.005 | 90.1 | 0.203 | 1.04 (1.01, 1.08) | 0.028 | 88.8 | < 0.001 | |
Cancer mortality (35,241/684,673) | Total sedentary behaviour (6/5) | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.212 | 84.1 | 0.168 | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | 0.268 | 77.3 | 0.326 |
TV viewing (4/4) | 1.03 (1.02, 1.04) | < 0.001 | 0 | 0.642 | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) | < 0.001 | 0 | 0.648 | |
Type 2 diabetes (17,552/400,292) | Total sedentary behaviour (4) | [Insufficient number of studies] | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01) | < 0.001 | 0 | 0.529 | |||
TV viewing (5/6) | 1.12 (1.08, 1.16) | < 0.001 | 65.9 | 0.767 | 1.09 (1.07, 1.12) | < 0.001 | 31.7 | 0.066 |