Introduction
Methods
Treatment for aSAH
Definition, documentation, and treatment of SAO
Data management
Statistical analysis
Results
Parameter | n/mean | %/SD |
---|---|---|
Age (years) | 55 | ± 14 |
Sex female | 659 | 67.0% |
WFNS (4–5) | 410 | 41.7% |
Fisher (3–4)* | 792 | 87.4% |
ICH | 296 | 30.1% |
IVH† | 445 | 45.6% |
Acute hydrocephalus | 699 | 71.0% |
IA location | ||
MCA | 219 | 22.3% |
ICA | 116 | 11.8% |
pACA | 340 | 34.6% |
dACA | 32 | 3.3% |
Posterior circulation | 277 | 28.2% |
Treatment (clipping)‡ | 361 | 38.6% |
pDC | 180 | 18.3% |
sDC | 85 | 8.5% |
Poor outcome (6 months post aSAH)§ | 466 | 47.9% |
In-hospital mortality | 179 | 18.2% |
Demographics and previous medical history and SAO
Parameter | p | OR | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|
Parameters prior to SAH event | |||
Demographics | |||
Age (years) | < 0.001 | – | – |
Sex (female) | 0.145 | 0.72 | 0.47–1.12 |
Aneurysm characteristics | |||
Presence of multiple IA | 0.908 | 0.97 | 0.62–1.53 |
IA location (pACA) | 0.042 | 1.56 | 1.01–2.41 |
IA sac size (mm) | 0.147 | – | – |
Sac irregularity | 0.004 | 1.92 | 1.22–3.02 |
Premorbid conditions | |||
Arterial hypertension | 0.945 | 1.02 | 0.64–1.61 |
Diabetes mellitus | 0.810 | 0.79 | 0.28–2.23 |
Obesity | 0.807 | 1.11 | 0.49–2.50 |
Hyperlipidemia | 0.163 | 0.49 | 0.17–1.37 |
Thyroid diseases | 0.322 | 0.67 | 0.30–1.49 |
Smoker | 0.576 | 1.14 | 0.72–1.80 |
Alcohol abuse | 0.382 | 1.39 | 0.67–2.89 |
Drug abuse | 0.007 | 5.57 | 1.83–16.99 |
Medication | |||
ASA | 0.206 | 0.48 | 0.15–1.55 |
Phenprocoumon | 0.385 | 0.31 | 0.02–5.14 |
Betablocker | 0.879 | 1.02 | 0.56–1.86 |
Calcium antagonist | 0.573 | 1.21 | 0.60–2.42 |
ACE inhibitor | 0.265 | 0.70 | 0.37–1.32 |
AT1 antagonist | 0.687 | 1.20 | 0.50–2.88 |
Statins | 0.220 | 0.37 | 0.09–1.56 |
Inital parameters at SAH event | |||
Clinical and radiographic characteristics | |||
WFNS grade (4–5) | < 0.001 | 2.67 | 1.71–4.16 |
Fisher grade (3–4) | 0.013 | 3.39 | 1.22–9.43 |
IVH presence | < 0.001 | 2.47 | 1.58–3.87 |
IVH severity (oGS) | 0.908 | ||
ICH presence | 0.032 | 1.61 | 1.04–2.50 |
ICH volume (cm3) | 0.323 | ||
Acute hydrocephalus | 0.002 | 2.47 | 1.37–4.43 |
Vital parameters at admission | |||
Maximal systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 0.220 | – | – |
Minimal systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 0.873 | – | – |
ICP > 20 mmHg at admission | 0.044 | 1.55 | 1.01–2.38 |
Fever at admission | < 0.001 | 3.43 | 1.85–6.33 |
Laboratory parameters at admission | |||
Leukocytosis | 0.031 | 1.84 | 1.05–3.22 |
CRP > 0.5 mg/dl | 0.399 | 0.82 | 0.52–1.30 |
Hypernatremia | 0.786 | 1.06 | 0.36–3.08 |
Hyponatremia | > 0.99 | 0.75 | 0.17–3.25 |
Hypercalcemia | > 0.99 | 2.84 | 0.11–70.47 |
Hypocalcemia | 0.019 | 2.09 | 1.12–3.91 |
Treatment | |||
Treatment modality (clipping) | 0.540 | 1.15 | 0.74–1.79 |
No treatment | > 0.99 | 0.87 | 0.30–2.46 |
pDC | 0.024 | 1.75 | 1.07–2.85 |
sDC | 0.422 | 1.33 | 0.66–2.67 |
Clinical course and complications | |||
IA rebleeding before therapy | 0.003 | 2.73 | 1.39–5.36 |
ICP > 20 mmHg during hospitalization | 0.203 | 1.39 | 0.84–2.31 |
Early infarct | 0.004 | 1.86 | 1.21–2.86 |
DCI | 0.328 | 1.28 | 0.79–2.11 |
DIND | 0.221 | 1.36 | 0.83–2.22 |
Chronic hydrocephalus | 0.003 | 2.00 | 1.25–3.19 |
Duration of mechanical ventilation (days) | 0.001 | – | – |
Outcome | |||
Poor outcome | 0.131 | 1.39 | 0.9–2.15 |
In-hospital mortality | 0.588 | 0.85 | 0.48–1.52 |
Aneurysm characteristics and SAO
aSAH characteristics and SAO
Further clinical and laboratory parameters at admission and SAO
Treatment and early complications
Late complications
Multivariate analysis of SAO predictors
Parameter | Step 1 | Step 2 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p | aOR | 95% CI | p | aOR | 95% CI | |
Parameters prior to SAH event | ||||||
Age < 51 years | < 0.001 | 2.89 | 1.83–4.53 | < 0.001 | 3.20 | 1.99–5.15 |
IA location (pACA) | 0.042 | 1.59 | 1.02–2.48 | 0.037 | 1.63 | 1.03–2.59 |
Sac irregularity | 0.013 | 1.79 | 1.13–2.83 | 0.019 | 1.75 | 1.10–2.79 |
Drug abuse | 0.035 | 3.42 | 1.09–10.71 | |||
Initial parameters at SAH event | ||||||
WFNS grade (4–5) | 0.034 | 1.74 | 1.04–2.91 | < 0.001 | 2.40 | 1.48–3.89 |
Fisher grade (3–4) | 0.623 | 1.33 | 0.42–4.27 | |||
IVH presence | 0.073 | 1.62 | 0.96–2.73 | |||
ICH presence | 0.618 | 1.14 | 0.69–1.88 | |||
Acute hydrocephalus | 0.326 | 1.41 | 0.71–2.79 | |||
ICP > 20 mmHg | 0.881 | 1.04 | 0.65–1.67 | |||
Fever | 0.003 | 2.55 | 1.37–4.73 | 0.008 | 2.49 | 1.27–4.89 |
Laboratory parameters | ||||||
Leukocytosis | 0.030 | 1.87 | 1.06–3.28 | 0.309 | 1.36 | 0.75–2.46 |
Hypocalcemia | 0.029 | 1.95 | 1.07–3.54 | 0.114 | 1.64 | 0.89–3.05 |