Background
Methods
The study population
The questionnaire
Defining GERD, FD and IBS
GERD |
A condition that develops when reflux of the stomach contents causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications. Must include at least one of the two criteria: • Mild symptoms occurring more than 1 day a week or moderate to severe symptoms at least once a week. • Impaired sleep at least to some extent, or impaired daily activities at least to a lesser extent and mild symptoms occurring at least once a week, or moderate to severe symptoms at least 2–3 times a month. |
FD |
Must include one or more of the following: • Uncomfortably full after a regular-sized meal more than 1 day/week in the last 3 months. Onset more than 6 months ago. • Unable to finish a regular-sized meal more than 1 day/week in the last 3 months. Onset more than 6 months ago. • Pain or burning in the middle of the abdomen at least 1 day/week in the last 3 months. Onset more than 6 months ago. |
IBS |
Must include: Pain or discomfort in the abdomen at least 2 to 3 days/month in the last 3 months with onset at least 6 months ago. For women, the pain must not occur only during menstrual bleeding. And at least 2 of the 3 following criteria: • Pain or discomfort gets better after bowel movements at least sometimes. • Onset of pain or discomfort associated with more frequent stools at least sometimes or onset of pain, or discomfort associated with fewer stools at least sometimes. • Onset of pain or discomfort associated with loose stools at least sometimes, or onset of pain or discomfort associated with hard stools at least sometimes. |
Self-rated health and functional capacity
Data analyses
Results
General self-rated health, n (%) | Functional capacity, n (%) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD) | Women (%) | Excellent | Very good | Good | Fair | Poor | Yes, mostly | Yes, sometimes | No, almost never | I don’t know | |
All (N = 47090) | 51.7 (15.5) | 24 639 (52.3%) | 5771 (12.3%) | 16 637 (35.4%) | 19 003 (40.5%) | 4733 (10.1%) | 793 (1.7%) | 37 656 (80.2%) | 7018 (15.0%) | 1947 (4.2%) | 316 (0.7%) |
Non GERD/IBS/FD
N = 37 137 (78.9%) | 51.9 (15.5) | 18 739 (50.5%) | 5406 (14.6%) | 14 508 (39.2%) | 14 241 (38.5%) | 2559 (6.9%) | 318 (0.9%) | 31 399 (84.8%) | 4463 (12.1%) | 953 (2.6%) | 219 (0.6%) |
Only GERD
N = 2823 (6.0%) | 52.7 (14.8) | 1479 (52.4%) | 103 (3.7%) | 639 (22.7%) | 1452 (51.7%) | 525 (18.7%) | 91 (3.2%) | 1924 (68.5%) | 662 (23.6%) | 198 (7.1%) | 26 (0.9%) |
Only IBS
N = 2741 (5.8%) | 46.7 (15.2) | 1790 (65.3%) | 126 (4.6%%) | 729 (26.7%) | 1345 (49.3%) | 462 (16.9%) | 67 (2.5%) | 1888 (69.2%) | 642 (23.5%) | 178 (6.5%) | 21 (0.8%) |
Only FD
N = 1338 (2.8%) | 53.5 (16.3) | 759 (56.7%) | 81 (6.1%) | 337 (25.3%) | 585 (43.9%) | 261 (19.6%) | 68 (5.1%) | 870 (65.3%) | 301 (22.6%) | 147 (11.0%) | 14 (1.1%) |
GERD + IBS
N = 790 (1.7%) | 51.2 (14.8) | 472 (59.7%) | 18 (2.3%) | 120 (15.2%) | 391 (49.6%) | 213 (27.0%) | 46 (5.8%) | 442 (56.1%) | 250 (31.7%) | 91 (11.6%) | 5 (0.6%) |
FD + IBS
N = 610 (1.3%) | 49.1 (15.5) | 409 (67.0%) | 12 (1.9%) | 111 (18.3%) | 266 (43.9%) | 169 (27.9%) | 48 (7.9%) | 330 (54.5%) | 173 (28.6%) | 98 (16.2%) | 5 (0.8%) |
GERD + FD
N = 881 (1.9%) | 54.8 (13.7) | 511 (58.0%) | 19 (2.2%) | 137 (15.6%) | 429 (48.9%) | 225 (25.7%) | 67 (7.6%) | 499 (56.9%) | 242 (27.6%) | 122 (13.9%) | 14 (1.6%) |
GERD + FD + IBS
N = 770 (1.6%) | 51.8 (14.4) | 480 (62.3%) | 6 (0.8%) | 56 (7.3%) | 294 (38.5%) | 319 (41.8%) | 88 (11.5%) | 304 (39.8%) | 285 (37.4%) | 160 (21.0%) | 14 (1.8%) |
Total cohort | Men | Women | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
20–49 years | ≥50 years | 20–49 years | ≥50 years | ||
Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of poor self-rated health of the total cohort and stratified on age and gender | |||||
Non-GERD/FD/IBS | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Only GERD | 3.33 (3.02–3.67) | 4.19 (3.31–5.31) | 2.84 (2.37–3.41) | 3.46 (2.77–4.31) | 3.28 (2.78–3.86) |
Only IBS | 2.85 (2.58–3.16) | 3.95 (3.09–5.07) | 3.50 (2.80–4.37) | 2.59 (2.15–3.12) | 2.67 (2.21–3.22) |
Only FD | 3.89 (3.42–4.44) | 3.09 (2.08–4.58) | 3.88 (3.06–4.92) | 3.92 (2.98–5.17) | 4.01 (3.22–4.99) |
Two symptom complexes (FD + GERD, FD + IBS or GERD + IBS) | 6.07 (5.52–6.67) | 6.32 (4.86–8.22) | 5.72 (4.75–6.90) | 7.69 (6.37–9.27) | 5.08 (4.32–5.98) |
Three symptom complexes (FD + GERD + IBS) | 13.57 (11.71–15.73) | 17.01 (11.88–24.36) | 12.87 (9.34–17.72) | 15.99 (11.90–21.50) | 11.47 (8.99–14.63) |
Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of impaired functional capacity of the total cohort and stratified on age and gender | |||||
Non-GERD/FD/IBS | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Only GERD | 2.88 (2.46–3.38) | 3.34 (2.24–4.99) | 2.75 (2.07–3.67) | 3.49 (2.50–4.88) | 2.42 (1.82–3.20) |
Only IBS | 2.65 (2.24–3.12) | 3.48 (2.32–5.22) | 3.15 (2.22–4.48) | 2.57 (1.92–3.44) | 2.27 (1.66–3.10) |
Only FD | 4.72 (3.93–5.67) | 2.73 (1.41–5.26) | 5.54 (4.05–7.59) | 4.24 (2.84–6.34) | 4.79 (3.53–6.50) |
Two symptom complexes (FD + GERD, FD + IBS or GERD + IBS) | 6.05 (5.28–6.93) | 6.62 (4.51–9.72) | 5.46 (4.18–7.15) | 7.67 (5.91–9.97) | 5.01 (3.96–6.33) |
Three symptom complexes (FD + GERD + IBS) | 10.22 (8.49–12.31) | 13.43 (8.41–21.46) | 11.50 (7.89–16.77) | 13.96 (9.80–19.89) | 6.50 (4.65–9.10) |
Total cohort | Men | Women | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
20–49 years | ≥50 years | 20–49 years | ≥50 years | ||
Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of poor self-rated health of the total cohort and stratified on age and gender | |||||
One symptom complex (either GERD, FD or IBS) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Two symptom complexes (FD + GERD, FD + IBS or GERD + IBS) | 1.87 (1.69–2.08) | 1.62 (1.22–2.15) | 1.76 (1.43–2.17) | 2.52 (2.06–3.09) | 1.59 (1.33–1.90) |
Three symptom complexes (FD + GERD + IBS) | 4.19 (3.59–4.88) | 4.36 (2.00–6.33) | 3.96 (2.84–5.53) | 5.25 (3.87–7.13) | 3.59 (2.78–4.63) |
Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of impaired functional capacity of the total cohort and stratified on age and gender | |||||
One symptom complex (either GERD, FD or IBS) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Two symptom complexes (FD + GERD, FD + IBS or GERD + IBS | 1.93 (1.66–2.24) | 2.01 (1.32–3.06) | 1.57 (1.17–2.12) | 2.47 (1.87–3.27) | 1.77 (1.36–2.29) |
Three symptom complexes (FD + GERD + IBS) | 3.27 (2.68–3.97) | 4.08 (2.48–6.72) | 3.31 (2.23–4.93) | 4.49 (3.11–6.49) | 2.30 (1.61–3.27) |