Introduction
Methods
Statistical analysis
Results
Demographic and other characteristics
Total no. of housing units in 4 blocks | 931 |
---|---|
Household survey:
| |
- vacant (excluded) | 39 |
No. of units visited | 892 |
- no answer after 3 visits | 168 |
- refused | 166 |
No. of units agreed to participate (a) | 558 |
Household response rate
|
558/(892) = 62.6%
|
Individual survey:
| |
Total no. of residents in (a) | 1,145 |
- eligible | 974 |
- refused | 109 |
- not contactable after 3 attempts (excluded) | 87 |
No. of residents successfully surveyed | 778 |
Individual response rate
|
778/974 = 79.9%
|
Overall response rate
|
62.6% x 79.9% = 50.0%
|
Characteristics | Categories | Survey respondents | % | 95% CI┼ | Singapore population*% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | <25 | 53 | 6.8 | 5.3 - 8.9 | 31.4 |
25 - 44 | 132 | 17.1 | 14.5 - 19.9 | 32.2 | |
45 - 64 | 300 | 38.8 | 35.4 - 42.4 | 27.6 | |
≥65 | 288 | 37.3 | 33.9 - 40.9 | 8.8 | |
Gender | Male | 390 | 50.1 | 45.1 - 55.1 | 49.5 |
Female | 388 | 49.9 | 44.9 - 54.9 | 50.5 | |
Ethnic group | Chinese | 496 | 63.8 | 59.8 - 67.8 | 74.7 |
Malay | 176 | 22.6 | 16.6 - 28.6 | 13.6 | |
Indian | 76 | 9.8 | 2.8 - 16.8 | 8.9 | |
Others | 30 | 3.9 | 0.0 - 10.9 | 2.8 | |
Highest educational level attained | No formal education | 374 | 48.1 | 43.1 - 53.1 | 16.4 |
Primary | 231 | 29.7 | 23.7 - 35.7 | 22.0 | |
Secondary and higher | 173 | 22.2 | 16.2 - 28.2 | 61.6 | |
Work status | Employed (Full time/Part-time) | 335 | 43.1 | 38.1 - 48.1 | 96.0 |
Unemployed | 157 | 20.2 | 14.2 - 26.2 | 4.0 | |
Personal monthly income | < S$500 | 521 | 67 | 63.0 - 71.0 | 3.7 |
S$500 - S$999 | 178 | 22.9 | 16.9 - 28.9 | 9.5 | |
≥ S$ 1000 | 79 | 10.1 | 3.1 - 17.1 | 86.8 |
Self-reported chronic diseases
Characteristics | Categories | n | Row% | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Self-reported chronic disease | Outpatient utilization rate | Inpatient utilization rate | SRH score 1-6 | |||
Age-group* | <25 | 53 | 26.4 | 83.0 | 11.3 | 13.2 |
25 - 44 | 132 | 34.8 | 78.0 | 8.3 | 29.5 | |
45 - 64 | 300 | 54.8 | 78.7 | 10.0 | 33.2 | |
≥65 | 288 | 80.6 | 91.0 | 11.1 | 41.3 | |
Gender | Males | 390 | 53.1 | 79.0 | 10.8 | 32.3 |
Females | 388 | 65.5 | 88.1 | 9.8 | 36.6 | |
Ethnicity | Chinese | 496 | 62.7 | 83.5 | 9.5 | 38.1 |
Malay | 176 | 51.1 | 85.2 | 9.7 | 24.4 | |
Indian | 76 | 60.5 | 85.5 | 18.4 | 34.2 | |
Others | 30 | 46.7 | 70.0 | 6.7 | 33.3 | |
Highest educational level attained | No formal education | 374 | 70.6 | 85.0 | 12.8 | 40.1 |
Primary | 231 | 55.0 | 80.1 | 6.5 | 32.9 | |
Secondary education and above | 173 | 40.5 | 84.9 | 9.8 | 24.3 | |
Work status | Working full-time or part-time | 335 | 43.6 | 76.7 | 8.4 | 23.6 |
Unemployed | 157 | 69.4 | 85.4 | 16.6 | 41.2 | |
Retiree | 134 | 82.8 | 91.0 | 9.0 | 39.6 | |
Housewife | 129 | 72.1 | 89.9 | 10.9 | 44.2 | |
Student or national serviceman | 23 | 8.3 | 87.5 | 0.0 | 8.7 | |
Personal Monthly Income╣ | <S$500 | 421 | 71.7 | 88.5 | 12.4 | 44.2 |
S$500 - 999 | 278 | 47.5 | 76.9 | 8.6 | 24.1 | |
≥S$1,000 | 79 | 34.2 | 79.7 | 5.1 | 19.0 | |
Self-rated health status | Score 1-6 | 268 | 77.9 | 91.8 | 13.8 | - |
Score 7-10 | 510 | 49.4 | 79.2 | 8.4 | - | |
Chronic diseases | Presence of one or more chronic disease | 461 | - | 98.0 | 13.2 | 45.3 |
No chronic disease | 317 | - | 62.4 | 6.0 | 18.6 |
Characteristics | Categories | Self- rated health (1–6), OR | 95% CI for OR | Inpatient utilization, OR | 95% CI for OR | Outpatient utilization, OR | 95% CI for OR | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Upper | Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | Lower | |||||
Age-group* | <25 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
25 - 44 | 2.27 | 0.84 | 6.14 | 0.51 | 0.16 | 1.63 | 1.66 | 0.57 | 4.87 | |
45 - 64 | 1.78 | 0.66 | 4.77 | 0.49 | 0.17 | 1.49 | 1.31 | 0.45 | 3.83 | |
≥65 | 1.38 | 0.49 | 3.92 | 0.44 | 0.13 | 1.46 | 2.09 | 0.59 | 7.35 | |
Gender | Males | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Females | 0.94 | 0.65 | 1.35 | 0.68 | 0.39 | 1.17 | 1.55 | 0.92 | 2.61 | |
Ethnicity | Chinese | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Indian | 0.92 | 0.52 | 1.61 | 2.35 | 1.15 | 4.77 | 1.02 | 0.45 | 2.35 | |
Others | 0.98 | 0.42 | 2.29 | 0.70 | 0.16 | 3.19 | 0.42 | 0.15 | 1.17 | |
Malay | 0.57 | 0.37 | 0.88 | 1.23 | 0.64 | 2.35 | 1.49 | 0.84 | 2.64 | |
Highest educational level attained | No formal education | 1.16 | 0.70 | 1.92 | 1.06 | 0.52 | 2.16 | 0.41 | 0.20 | 0.81 |
Primary | 1.12 | 0.67 | 1.86 | 0.45 | 0.20 | 1.02 | 0.52 | 0.27 | 1.00 | |
≥ Secondary education | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
Work status | Working full-time or part-time | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Retiree | 0.68 | 0.23 | 1.96 | 0.23 | 0.03 | 1.75 | 0.71 | 0.17 | 3.00 | |
Housewife | 0.89 | 0.30 | 2.66 | 0.32 | 0.04 | 2.36 | 0.86 | 0.21 | 3.52 | |
Student or national serviceman | 0.37 | 0.06 | 2.41 | 0.00 | - | - | 4.89 | 0.75 | 31.83 | |
Unemployed | 1.05 | 0.37 | 2.97 | 0.39 | 0.06 | 2.78 | 0.84 | 0.24 | 2.99 | |
Personal Monthly Income╣ | <S$500 | 3.11 | 0.94 | 10.27 | 8.15 | 0.90 | 73.78 | 0.76 | 0.18 | 3.17 |
S$500 - 999 | 1.25 | 0.63 | 2.49 | 2.09 | 0.65 | 6.65 | 0.66 | 0.32 | 1.39 | |
≥S$1,000 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
Chronic diseases | Presence of one or more chronic disease | 3.05 | 2.09 | 4.44 | 2.25 | 1.25 | 4.03 | 36.17 | 17.31 | 75.55 |
No chronic disease | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Healthcare utilization
Inpatient utilization
Outpatient utilization
Age-group | Utilization rate (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Any chronic disease | No chronic disease | |||||
n* | Government polyclinic | General practitioner | n* | Government polyclinic | General practitioner | |
≤ 25 | 11 | 27.3 | 36.4 | 39 | 33.3 | 41.0 |
25 - 44 | 32 | 28.1 | 65.6 | 86 | 32.6 | 33.7 |
45 - 64 | 122 | 53.3 | 23.8 | 136 | 35.3 | 16.2 |
≥ 65 | 208 | 63.5 | 25.9 | 56 | 26.8 | 21.4 |
Total | 373 | 317 |
Reasons for choice | % respondents who cited their preference for care providers | ||
---|---|---|---|
Government polyclinics | Specialist outpatient clinics in government hospitals | Private general practitioners | |
n = 342 | n = 120 | n = 164 | |
Cheap | 72.5 | 25.8 | 23.8 |
Accessible | 66.1 | 37.5 | 59.8 |
Loyalty/familiarity | 13.2 | 20.0 | 25.6 |
Service quality | 10.8 | 5.8 | 21.3 |
Disease can be better managed | 9.6 | 61.7 | 18.9 |
Doctor-related factors | 8.8 | 30.0 | 23.8 |
Efficient | 5.0 | 9.2 | 17.7 |
Recommended by others | 3.8 | 10.0 | 5.5 |
More advanced technology | 2.0 | 15.0 | 2.4 |
Good reputation | 1.8 | 6.7 | 3.0 |