Background
Methods
Study design and study population
Laboratory analysis
Determination of CMV serological status
Dependent variables
Independent variables
Statistical analysis
Results
Description of the study population
Characteristics | Total sample (N = 200) | Female (n = 85) | Male (n = 115) | p value (X2 testd) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | ||||
Age groups | 0.949 | |||
65–70 y | 35 | 35 | 35 | |
71–75 y | 37 | 35 | 37 | |
76–80 y | 28 | 29 | 28 | |
Health-related characteristics | ||||
Body Mass Indexa | 0.004 | |||
Underweight (≤18.49 kg/m2) | 1.0 | 2.4 | 0 | |
Normal weight (18.50–24.99 kg/m2) | 36 | 46 | 28 | |
Overweight (25.00–29.99 kg/m2) | 45 | 32 | 55 | |
Obesity (≥30.00 kg/m2) | 18 | 20 | 17 | |
Hypertensionb | 0.645 | |||
Yes | 56 | 54 | 57 | |
No | 44 | 46 | 43 | |
Heart attackc | 0.511 | |||
Yes | 6.0 | 4.7 | 7.0 | |
No | 93 | 94 | 92 | |
Don’t know | 0.50 | 0 | 0.87 | |
Missing values | 0.50 | 1.2 | 0 | |
Cancerc | 0.481 | |||
Yes | 20 | 18 | 22 | |
No | 80 | 81 | 77 | |
Don’t know | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Missing values | 0 | 1.2 | 0.87 | |
Diabetes mellitusc | 0.875 | |||
Yes | 7.5 | 7.1 | 7.8 | |
No | 92 | 91 | 92 | |
Don’t know | 0.50 | 1.2 | 0 | |
Missing values | 0 | 1.2 | 0 | |
Herpes zosterc | 0.404 | |||
Yes | 18 | 20 | 16 | |
No | 79 | 77 | 82 | |
Don’t know | 2.0 | 1.2 | 2.6 | |
Missing values | 1.0 | 2.4 | 0 | |
Self-perceived health statusc | 0.071 | |||
Poor | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Fair | 9.0 | 12 | 7.0 | |
Good | 64 | 64 | 64 | |
Very good | 21 | 15 | 25 | |
Excellent | 4.0 | 7.1 | 1.7 | |
Missing values | 2.0 | 2.4 | 1.7 | |
Ever vaccinated against influenzac | 0.112 | |||
Yes | 78 | 80 | 74 | |
No | 21 | 17 | 24 | |
Don’t know | 1.0 | 2.4 | 0 | |
Missing values | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.7 | |
Laboratory parameters (mean ± SD) | ||||
WBC count [x 109L] (normal values) | 6.66 ± 1.70 | 6.91 ± 1.83 | 6.48 ± 1.59 | 0.08 e |
(3.5–11) | (3.5–11) | |||
Neutrophils [x 109L] (normal values) | 4.03 ± 1.42 | 4.18 ± 1.55 | 3.93 ± 1.30 | 0.228 e |
(2.0–7.0) | (2.0–7.0) | |||
Monocytes [x 109L] (normal values) | 0.58 ± 0.17 | 0.57 ± 0.16 | 0.59 ± 0.17 | 0.436 e |
(0.2–1.0) | (0.2–1.0) | |||
Lymphocytes [x 109L] (normal values) | 1.89 ± 0.89 | 1.97 ± 0.69 | 1.83 ± 1.01 | 0.247 e |
(1.0–3.0) | (1.0–3.0) | |||
Erythrocytes [x 1012L] (normal values) | 4.81 ± 0.40 | 4.70 ± 0.39 | 4.89 ± 0.40 | 0.001 e |
(3.90–5.00) | (4.32–5.72) | |||
Haemoglobin [g/dL] (normal values) | 14.57 ± 1.26 | 13.95 ± 1.04 | 15.02 ± 1.22 | < 0.0001 e |
(12.0–15.5) | (13.5–17.5) | |||
Thrombocytes [tsd/μL] (normal values) | 225.6 ± 54.1 | 256.2 ± 53.6 | 202.8 ± 42.0 | < 0.0001 e |
(150–450) | (150–450) | |||
CMV-specific IgG | 0.555 | |||
Negative | 45 | 44 | 46 | |
0.45–5.00 IU/mL | 6.0 | 3.5 | 7.8 | |
5.00–15.00 IU/mL | 25 | 26 | 24 | |
> 15.00 IU/mL | 24 | 27 | 23 |
Systemic adverse events after vaccination
Symptoms | nb | % |
---|---|---|
Chills | 25 | 13 |
Malaise | 6 | 3.0 |
Headache | 5 | 2.5 |
Sore throat | 4 | 2.0 |
Muscle aches | 3 | 1.5 |
Fatigue | 1 | 0.5 |
Humoral vaccine response patterns
Prevalence of a weak vaccine response to Fluad®
Vaccine strains | Proportion of individuals with a weak humoral responsea, % (95% CIb) | Weighted proportion of individuals with a weak humoral response, %c |
---|---|---|
A H1N1 | 49.0 (42.2–55.9) | 49.3 |
A H3N2 | 13.5 (9.4–18.9) | 12.5 |
B | 37.0 (30.6–43.9) | 36.1 |
Risk factors associated with a weak humoral vaccine response to Fluad®
Variables | A H1N1 | A H3N2 | B | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
UOR & 95% CI | AOR & 95% CI | UOR & 95% CI | AOR & 95% CI | UOR & 95% CI | AOR & 95% CI | |
Female vs. male | 1.21 (0.69–2.13) | 1.36 (0.73–2.50) | 0.52 (0.22–1.26) | 0.48 (0.19–1.20) | 0.74 (0.41–1.32) | 0.78 (0.42–1.46) |
Age (change per year) | 1.06 (0.99–1.13) | 1.08 (0.99–1.16) | 0.99 (0.90–1.09) | 1.01 (0.91–1.12) | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) | 1.03 (0.96–1.11) |
BMI (change per unit)a | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) | 1.01 (0.94–1.08) | 1.00 (0.91–1.10) | 0.99 (0.89–1.09) | 0.96 (0.90–1.03) | 0.98 (0.91–1.05) |
Hypertensionb | 0.73 (0.42–1.28) | 0.67 (0.36–1.23) | 0.82 (0.37–1.86) | 0.94 (0.40–2.19) | 1.05 (0.59–1.87) | 0.94 (0.51–1.72) |
Diabetesc | 5.11 (1.40–18.53) |
4.64 (1.16–18.54)
| 1.53 (0.41–5.76) | 1.16 (0.24–5.65) | 0.37 (0.10–1.35) | 0.58 (0.14–2.29) |
Cancerc | 1.39 (0.69–2.79) | 1.26 (0.58–2.69) | 0.88 (0.31–2.50) | 0.73 (0.24–2.25) | 1.74 (0.86–3.52) | 1.57 (0.74–3.31) |
Heart attackc | 3.41 (0.89–13.01) | 2.78 (0.64–12.15) | 3.54 (0.99–12.71) | 3.39 (0.80–14.40) | 0.32 (0.07–1.49) | 0.44 (0.09–2.21) |
Herpes zosterc | 1.99 (0.94–4.23) |
2.27 (1.01–5.10)
| 2.71 (1.10–6.69) |
3.12 (1.18–8.23)
| 1.03 (0.48–2.20) | 0.96 (0.43–2.12) |
CMV (change per unit) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) |