Background
Methods
Study population
Questionnaires
Statistical analysis
Results
Sample
Characteristic | Mean or number (%) | C.I | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 46.1 | 44.5 to 47.7 | |
EDS type | Not defined | 95 (38) | |
Hypermobility | 76 (30) | ||
Classic | 45 (18) | ||
Artrocalasia | 2 (1) | ||
Vascular | 10 (4) | ||
Mixed | 22 (9) | ||
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.8 | 25.1 to 26.5 | |
Current cigarette smoking | 200 (80) | ||
SF-36 | Physical component score | 27.2 | 25.8 to 28.6 |
Mental component score | 42.1 | 40.6 to 43.6 | |
Tiredness | 234 (94) | ||
Back pain | Cervical region | 204 (82) | |
Thoracic region | 184 (74) | ||
Lumbosacral region | 203 (81) | ||
Any back region | 234 (94) |
Short Form health survey (SF-36)
EDS respondents n = 250 | Population group (n = 8903) | pT-test | |
---|---|---|---|
Physical functioning | 48.3 (45.3 to 51.5) | 87.9 | .000 |
Physical Role Limitation | 23.8 (19.4 to 28.2) | 83.2 | .000 |
Bodily Pain | 31.6 (29.1 to 34.9) | 74.8 | .000 |
General Health | 34.2 (31.7 to 37.1) | 75.8 | .000 |
Vitality | 30.2 (27.8 to 33.0) | 68.8 | .000 |
Social Functioning | 53.7 (50.4 to 57.4) | 88.6 | .000 |
Emotional Role Limitation | 58.3 (53.4 to 64.1) | 85.7 | .000 |
Mental Health | 65.5 (63.0 to 67.9) | 80.9 | .000 |
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
Score | Mean | 95 % C.I. | |
---|---|---|---|
Anxiety | Total score | 12.0 | 11.7 to 12.4 |
I feel tense or wound up | 1.9 | 1.8 to 2.0 | |
Feeling as if something bad will happen | 2.0 | 1.9 to 2.1 | |
Worrying thoughts | 1.8 | 1.7 to 2.0 | |
I can sit at ease and feel relaxed | 1.3 | 1.2 to 1.4 | |
Feeling like butterflies in the stomach | 0.8 | 0.7 to 0.9 | |
I feel restless | 1.8 | 1.6 to 1.9 | |
Sudden feelings of panic | 2.4 | 2.3 to 2.5 | |
Depression | Total score | 9.1 | 8.9 to 9.4 |
I enjoy things I used to enjoy | 0.8 | 0.7 to 0.9 | |
I can laugh and see funny things | 0.6 | 0.5 to 0.7 | |
I feel cheerful | 2.3 | 2.2 to 2.4 | |
I feel slowed down | 1.6 | 1.4 to 1.7 | |
I have lost interest in my appearance | 2.2 | 2.1 to 2.3 | |
I look forward with enjoyment | 1.1 | 1.0 to 1.2 | |
I can enjoy a book, radio or TV | 0.7 | 0.6 to 0.8 |
Sum of HAD-score | Anxiety | Depression |
---|---|---|
None 0-7 | 13 (5.2) | 46 (18.4) |
Possible 8-10 | 50 (20) | 148 (59.2) |
Probable 11-21 | 187 (74.8) | 56 (22.4) |
Associations between characteristic factors and HAD-score
Simple linear regression | Multiple linear regression R2 = 0.11, p < 0.0001 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Estimate | R2 | p= | Estimate | p= |
Sex | 0.85 | 0.01 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.98 |
Age (year) | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.07 |
Smoking | 0.55 | 0.00 | 0.24 | 0.53 | 0.23 |
BMI (kg/m2) | -0.07 | 0.02 | 0.03 | -0.06 | 0.07 |
Tiredness | -0.89 | 0.07 | <0.0001 | -0.65 | 0.002 |
Back pain | -0.54 | 0.03 | 0.007 | -0.12 | 0.30 |