Introduction
Methods
Patients
CMR protocol
Image analysis
Statistical analysis
Results
Patient characteristics and LV cardiac function
HHD(n = 62) | Controls (n = 26) | P value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
EF < 30% (n = 22) | 30%≦EF < 50% (n = 18) | EF≧50 (n = 22) | |||
Age (years) | 43.7 ± 13.6 | 46.3 ± 14.8 | 49.3 ± 10.3 | 44.6 ± 13.7 | 0.36 |
Gender | 20 M, 2F | 16 M, 2F | 19 M, 3F | 22 M, 4F | 0.28 |
BMI | 30.4 ± 5.9 | 25.5 ± 3.5 | 25.7 (4.5) | 24.6 ± 3.7 | < 0.05a d |
EF (%) | 22.0 (6.6) | 35.8 (14.6) | 68.3 (9.3) | 61.0 (7.3) | < 0.01a b e f |
LVEDVI (ml/m2) | 149.9 (50.1) | 110.4 (43.2) | 68.3 (24.7) | 59.7 (23.3) | < 0.01a b e f |
LVESVI (ml/m2) | 122.1 (37.9) | 70.2 (19.1) | 21.3 (16.0) | 23.4 (10.0) | 0.000a b e f |
LVSVI (ml/m2) | 32.0 (15.3) | 45.2 (22.6) | 45.5 (13.3) | 35.6 (14.1) | < 0.05c d e |
LVMI (g/m2) | 128.3 (40.4) | 115.35 (39.1) | 89.5 (35.6) | 44.7 (13.9) | < 0.01a b c e |
EDWT (cm) | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | < 0.05 a b c |
ECV
HHD(n = 62) | Controls (n = 26) | P value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
EF < 30% (n = 22) | 30%≦EF < 50% (n = 18) | EF≧50 (n = 22) | |||
Mean | 0.28 ± 0.03 | 0.27 ± 0.03 | 0.27 ± 0.03 | 0.24 ± 0.02 | < 0.05a b c |
Base | 0.30 (0.06) | 0.29 (0.07) | 0.28 (0.07) | 0.23 (0.03) | < 0.01a b c |
Middle | 0.29 ± 0.05 | 0.29 ± 0.05 | 0.28 ± 0.03 | 0.24 ± 0.02 | < 0.05a b c |
Apex | 0.25 (0.00) | 0.25 (0.01) | 0.25 (0.01) | 0.25 (0.04) | 0.992 |
Myocardial strain parameters
HHD(n = 62) | Controls (n = 26) | P value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
EF < 30% (n = 22) | 30%≦EF < 50% (n = 18) | EF≧50 (n = 22) | |||
RS | |||||
Global | 8.2 ± 2.9 | 13.8 ± 4.3 | 29.1 ± 6.0 | 35.6 ± 7.5 | < 0.01a b c e d f |
Base | 9.6 (7.3) | 16.9 (10.4)(14.5817.39) | 30.4 (17.0) | 43.2 (17.0) | < 0.05a b e f |
Middle | 6.6 (4.0) | 10.3 (5.2) | 25.4 (8.9) | 31.9 (14.2) | < 0.01a b e f |
Apex | 8.6 ± 5.9 | 13.7 ± 3.9 | 31.3 ± 11.1 | 36.2 ± 10.9 | < 0.01a b e f |
CS | |||||
Global | −7.1 (3.2) | −10.1 (3.2) | −19.6 (4.8) | −20.5 (4.1) | < 0.01a b e f |
Base | −6.5 (2.5) | −10.1 (3.2) | −17.5 (5.8) | −18.9 (3.8) | < 0.01a b e f |
Middle | −6.2 (3.0) | −10.8 (3.3) | −20.2 (3.9) | −20.7 (4.2) | < 0.01a b e f |
Apex | −9.2 (4.9) | −12.6 (5.1) | −22.5 (5.2)(24.74) | −22.8 (5.3)(23.29) | < 0.01a b e f |
LS | |||||
Global | −4.0 (2.9) | −6.5 (2.4) | −12.1 (3.8) | −14.9 (3.6) | < 0.05 a b e f |
Base | −2.7 (7.3) | −4.7 (4.5) | −10.4 (6.2) | −12.6 (4.8) | < 0.05 a b e f |
Middle | −3.7 (3.2) | −6.5 (3.6) | −12.1 (6.0) | −14.2 (4.7) | < 0.05 a b e f |
Apex | −5.4 (2.9) | −10.0 (3.0) | −14.9 (3.4)(35.55) | −17.9 (4.1) | < 0.05 a b e f |
Relationships between LV function parameters, ECV, and myocardial strain
Comparison between LV function, ECV and myocardial strain before and after treatment
Before treatment | After treatment | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
EF | 44.6 ± 22.3 | 52.4 ± 18.9 | 0.02 |
LVEDVI (ml/m2) | 96.9 (67.7) | 74.8 (40.1) | 0.06 |
LVSVI (ml/m2) | 40.0 ± 16.4 | 40.1 ± 13.8 | 0.85 |
LVMI(g/m2) | 106.5 (31.2) | 97.6 (36.2) | 0.18 |
EDWT (cm) | 1.2 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.3) | 0.03 |
ECV | |||
Mean | 0.27 (0.04) | 0.25 (0.04) | 0.000 |
Base | 0.29 ± 0.04 | 0.25 ± 0.04 | 0.000 |
Middle | 0.25 (0.01) | 0.24 (0.01) | 0.001 |
Apex | 0.25 (0.01) | 0.24 (0.01) | 0.71 |
RS | |||
Global | 16.8 ± 8.9 | 22.7 ± 9.5 | 0.01 |
Base | 20.7 ± 11.1 | 29.5 ± 16.7 | 0.06 |
Middle | 11.0 (17.0) | 20.2 (14.3) | 0.027 |
Apex | 13.6 (17.9) | 20.4 (22.3) | 0.64 |
CS | |||
Global | −13.4 ± 5.6 | −16.0 ± 4.6 | 0.03 |
Base | −9.9 (10.5) | −10.9 (7.8) | 0.02 |
Middle | −12.0 (11.9) | −17.4 (8.3) | 0.16 |
Apex | −16.2 ± 6.5 | −19.6 ± 5.2 | 0.05 |
LS | |||
Global | −6.9 (6.0) | −9.0 (5.4) | 1.00 |
Base | −5.4 (5.0) | −5.2 (13.1) | 0.13 |
Middle | −6.4 (6.4) | −8.7 (5.8) | 0.50 |
Apex | −10.7 (8.0) | −12.0 (6.3) | 0.12 |