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European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

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16.04.2019 | Original Contribution

Separation anxiety and gender variance in a community sample of children

verfasst von: Alanna Santarossa, A. Natisha Nabbijohn, Anna I. R. van der Miesen, Diana E. Peragine, Doug P. VanderLaan

Erschienen in: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry | Ausgabe 12/2019

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Abstract

In clinical child and retrospective adult samples, childhood gender variance (GV; i.e., cross-gender behaviour) has been associated with separation anxiety (SA; i.e., distress related to separation from attachment figures) in males. This study examined GV and SA in a nonclinical sample of 892 boys and 933 girls aged 6–12 years via parent-reports. Parental factors (i.e., parenting style, parent–child relationship, willingness to serve as an attachment figure, attitudes towards gender stereotypes in children) were examined as potential moderators. GV predicted SA in boys, even when statistically controlling for general psychopathology and demographic variables. Authoritative parenting, closeness in the parent–child relationship, willingness to serve as an attachment figure, and liberal attitudes towards gender stereotypes in children moderated the association between GV and SA in both boys and girls. Thus, SA may be a unique internalizing problem related to GV in boys in nonclinical samples and influenced by a variety of parental factors.

Wallien et al. [10] did not report a control sample to compare rates of diagnoses, nor are there data available on the prevalence of SAD among boys and girls in the Dutch population. We used the binomial test to compare Wallien et al.’s [10] sample to the North American population estimates of SAD rates among girls (5.64%) and boys (2.56%), respectively [13]. The rate of SAD among the Dutch birth-assigned males with GID (5.8%) was marginally elevated compared to North American boys, z = 1.92, two-tailed p = 0.055. This elevation may similarly suggest SAD is elevated among birth-assigned males who experience GID/GD. None of the other Dutch GID group comparisons to these North American estimates were statistically or marginally significant, all z < 1.23, all two-tailed p > 0.22.

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Titel: Separation anxiety and gender variance in a community sample of children
verfasst von: Alanna Santarossa
A. Natisha Nabbijohn
Anna I. R. van der Miesen
Diana E. Peragine
Doug P. VanderLaan
Publikationsdatum: 16.04.2019
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry / Ausgabe 12/2019
Print ISSN: 1018-8827
Elektronische ISSN: 1435-165X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-019-01319-3

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Separation anxiety and gender variance in a community sample of children

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