Background
Patients and methods
Measurement of serum levels of GP73
Bioinformatics analysis of Oncomine cancer gene microarray database
Statistical analysis
Results
Patient characteristics
Patient characteristics | n (%) |
---|---|
Age, mean ± SD (year) | 50.9 ± 11.5 |
Male, n (%) | 238 (85.0%) |
Diabetes, n (%) | 22 (7.9%) |
Hypertension, n (%) | 53 (18.9%) |
Background liver disease | |
HB | 176 |
HC | 8 |
HB and HC | 2 |
Non-B non-C | 94 |
ASA grading, mean + SD | 2.3 ± 0.6 |
Hemoglobin, mean ± SD (g/dL) | 130.7 ± 19.7 |
White blood cell count, mean ± SD (109/L) | 5.5 ± 2.5 |
Platelet count, mean ± SD (109/L) | 135.8 ± 71.0 |
Total bilirubin, mean ± SD (μmol/L) | 24.4 ± 45.7 |
ALT, mean ± SD (U/L) | 54.2 ± 57.1 |
AST, mean ± SD (U/L) | 56.8 ± 63.2 |
INR, mean ± SD | 1.08 ± 0.1 |
Albumin, mean ± SD (g/L) | 39.1 ± 5.5 |
GP73, mean ± SD (ng/mL) | 111.8 ± 153.3 |
Child–Pugh score, mean ± SD | 5.6 ± 1.0 |
Child–Pugh grade (A/B/C) | 262/18/0 |
Size of largest tumor, mean ± SD (cm) | 6.2 ± 3.6 |
Solitary tumor, n (%) | 246 (87.9%) |
Blood loss, mean ± SD (min) | 805.8 ± 961.8 |
Intermittent hilar clamping, mean ± SD (min) | 14.3 ± 15.2 |
Operation time, mean ± SD (min) | 233.5 ± 200.2 |
Intraoperative procedures | |
Minor hepatectomy | 199 |
Major hepatectomy | 81 |
Clavien–Dindo classification | |
Grade 1 | 35 |
Grade 2 | 81 |
Grade 3a/3b | 19/1 |
Grade 4a/4b | 5/0 |
Grade 5 | 4 |
Perioperative data
Correlation of GP73 to histological fibrosis staging
Prediction of postoperative complications
Variable(s) | Area | P value | P value* (vs GP73) | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|
Overall morbidity | ||||
GP73 | 0.763 | < 0.001 | 0.708–0.818 | |
ALBI | 0.637 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.573–0.702 |
FIB-4 | 0.734 | < 0.001 | 0.159 | 0.676–0.792 |
APRI | 0.733 | < 0.001 | 0.271 | 0.674–0.792 |
Child–Pugh score | 0.631 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.566–0.696 |
Severe morbidity | ||||
GP73 | 0.756 | < 0.001 | 0.668–0.845 | |
ALBI | 0.671 | 0.003 | 0.102 | 0.551–0.790 |
FIB-4 | 0.684 | 0.001 | 0.037 | 0.580–0.787 |
APRI | 0.687 | 0.001 | 0.155 | 0.584–0.790 |
Child–Pugh score | 0.622 | 0.031 | 0.027 | 0.506–0.739 |
Risks factors of posthepatectomy outcomes
Variables | No complications | Complications | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
135 | 145 |
P
| OR (95% CI) |
P
| |
Gender (male/female) | 116/19 | 122/23 | 0.675 | ||
Age (year) (≤ 50 vs > 50) | 69/66 | 62/83 |
0.027
| ||
Diabetes (yes vs no) | 9/126 | 13/132 | 0.475 | ||
Hypertension (yes vs no) | 24/111 | 29/116 | 0.635 | ||
ASA grading (≤ 2 vs > 2) | 101/34 | 94/51 | 0.069 | ||
Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 15.2 ± 8.0 | 33.0 ± 61.9 |
0.001
| ||
Albumin (g/L) | 40.7 ± 5.1 | 37.7 ± 5.5 |
< 0.001
| 0.922 (0.871–0.975) |
0.004
|
ALT (U/L) | 38.0 ± 23.0 | 69.4 ± 73.3 |
<0.001
| 1.012 (1.001–1.022) |
0.026
|
AST (U/L) | 37.7 ± 19.7 | 74.4 ± 81.9 |
< 0.001
| ||
GP73 (≤ 80.9 vs > 80.9 ng/mL) | 108/27 | 53/92 |
< 0.001
| 3.996 (2.152–7.421) |
< 0.001
|
Size of tumor (cm) | 6.1 ± 3.4 | 6.3 ± 3.8 | 0.749 | ||
Number of tumors | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 0.521 | ||
Operation time (min) | 200.9 ± 65.4 | 263.9 ± 267.9 |
0.008
| ||
Blood loss (mL) | 546.1 ± 510.5 | 1051.0 ± 1197.5 |
< 0.001
| ||
Intraoperative RBC transfusion | 1.9 ± 2.0 | 3.8 ± 4.3 |
< 0.001
| 1.206 (1.069–1.359) |
0.002
|
Variables | No complications | Complications | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
251 | 29 |
P
| OR (95% CI) |
P
| |
Gender | 217/34 | 21/8 |
0.045
| ||
Age (year) (≤ 50 vs > 50) | 117/134 | 14/15 | 0.865 | ||
Diabetes (yes vs no) | 19/232 | 3/26 | 0.486 | ||
Hypertension (yes vs no) | 46/205 | 7/22 | 0.449 | ||
ASA grading (≤ 2 vs > 2) | 178/73 | 17/12 | 0.173 | ||
Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 20.6 ± 33.5 | 57.6 ± 97.3 | 0.052 | ||
Albumin (g/L) | 39.4 ± 5.6 | 36.9 ± 4.1 |
0.021
| ||
ALT (U/L) | 48.8 ± 42.8 | 100.6 ± 116.6 |
0.024
| 1.006 (1.001–1.011) |
0.019
|
AST (U/L) | 51.1 ± 52.7 | 106.2 ± 110.6 |
0.013
| ||
GP73 (≤ 79.2 vs > 79.2 ng/mL) | 151/100 | 5/24 |
< 0.001
| 4.970 (1.654–14.934) |
0.004
|
Size of tumor (cm) | 6.1 ± 3.5 | 7.3 ± 4.5 | 0.065 | ||
Number of tumors | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 0.785 | ||
Operation time (min) | 230.0 ± 208.7 | 263.8 ± 98.6 | 0.390 | ||
Blood loss (mL) | 705.3 ± 789.9 | 1669.0 ± 1662.6 |
0.004
| 1.001 (1.000–1.001) |
< 0.001
|
Intraoperative RBC transfusion | 2.5 ± 2.9 | 6.0 ± 6.5 |
< 0.001
|
Patients characteristics according to serum GP73 levels
Variable | GP73 ≤ 80.9 ng/mL | GP73 > 80.9 ng/mL |
P
|
---|---|---|---|
(n = 161) | (n = 119) | ||
Age, mean ± SD (year) | 51.3 ± 11.9 | 50.3 ± 11.0 | 0.972 |
Gender (male/female) | 135/26 | 103/16 | 0.531 |
Diabetes (yes vs no) | 13/148 | 9/110 | 0.875 |
Hypertension (yes vs no) | 31/130 | 22/97 | 0.871 |
ASA grading, mean ± SD | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 2.3 ± 0.6 |
0.046
|
Total bilirubin, mean ± SD (μmol/L) | 16.3 ± 11.6 | 35.5 ± 67.3 |
< 0.001
|
ALT, mean ± SD (U/L) | 34.8 ± 18.9 | 80.3 ± 77.5 |
< 0.001
|
AST, mean ± SD (U/L) | 34.7 ± 14.8 | 86.8 ± 87.0 |
< 0.001
|
Albumin, mean ± SD (g/L) | 40.1 ± 5.2 | 37.8 ± 5.5 |
< 0.001
|
Child–Pugh score, mean ± SD | 5.4 ± 0.8 | 5.9 ± 1.1 |
< 0.001
|
WBC, mean ± SD (109/L) | 5.9 ± 2.4 | 4.9 ± 2.4 |
0.001
|
Hemoglobin, mean ± SD (g/dL) | 132.3 ± 21.0 | 128.5 ± 17.6 | 0.104 |
Platelet count, mean ± SD (109/L) | 165.6 ± 73.6 | 95.5 ± 41.5 |
< 0.001
|
PT, mean ± SD | 13.2 ± 1.2 | 13.5 ± 1.4 |
0.022
|
APTT, mean ± SD | 37.7 ± 7.4 | 38.0 ± 8.2 | 0.758 |
INR, mean ± SD | 1.06 ± 0.10 | 1.10 ± 0.11 |
0.001
|
Size of tumor, mean ± SD (cm) | 5.9 ± 3.5 | 6.5 ± 3.7 | 0.183 |
Number of tumors | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 0.798 |
Operation time, mean ± SD (min) | 217.0 ± 80.9 | 255.8 ± 291.6 | 0.109 |
Blood loss, mean ± SD (mL) | 677.3 ± 856.3 | 980.1 ± 1067.9 |
0.012
|
Blood transfusion | |||
Red blood cells , mean ± SD(u) | 2.3 ± 3.2 | 3.6 ± 3.9 |
0.003
|
Fresh frozen plasma, mean ± SD (mL) | 224.8± 350.5 | 317.7± 330.3 |
0.026
|
Cryoprecipitation, mean ± SD (u) | 0.6 ± 1.8 | 8.5 ± 73.6 | 0.245 |
Complication | |||
Overall | 53/108 | 92/27 |
< 0.001
|
Severe | 6/155 | 23/96 |
< 0.001
|
Total hospital stay, mean ± SD (day) | 20.6 ± 6.9 | 24.1 ± 8.3 |
< 0.001
|
Postoperative hospital stay, mean ± SD (day) | 13.5 ± 5.7 | 15.7 ± 6.1 |
0.002
|
Length of ICU stay, mean ± SD (day) | 2.6 ± 1.5 | 2.8 ± 1.3 | 0.233 |