Background
Methods
Study population
Biochemical measurements
Statistical analysis
WPAD | PAD | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
(n = 824) | (n = 569) | ||
Men/female (n) | 490:334 | 344:225 | 0.243†
|
Age (years ± SD) | 71.3 ± 4.4 | 70.7 ± 4.3 | 0.647* |
Smoking (current) (%) | 181 (22.0) | 210 (36.9) | 0.023†
|
Hypertension (%) | 335 (40.7) | 355 (62.4) | 0.029†
|
CAD (%) | 275 (33.4) | 297 (52.2) | 0.026†
|
Diabetes duration (years ± SD) | 12.1 ± 4.1 | 12.7 ± 4.9 | 0.095* |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.97 (1.21) | 4.87 (1.15) | 0.239* |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.21 (1.04) | 1.23 (1.02) | 0.329* |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.96 (1.02) | 2.87 (0.93) | 0.206* |
Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 2.05 (1.54) | 1.87 (0.98) | 0.913* |
Fast glucose (mmol/L) | 6.89 (1.92) | 7.01 (2.65)a
| 0.856* |
Glycated hemoglobin (%) | 7.37 (1.21) | 7.24 (1.14) | 0.763* |
Treatment | |||
Diet only (%) | 95 (11.5) | 63 (11.1) | 0.658†
|
Oral agents (%) | 452 (54.9) | 308 (54.1) | 0.341†
|
Insulin therapy (%) | 277 (33.6) | 198 (34.8) | 0.290†
|
PAD | |||
1-Fontaine’s II (%) | 281 (49.4) | ||
2-Fontaine’s III (%) | 163 (28.6) | ||
2-Fontaine’s IV (%) | 125 (22.0) |
Results
Fontaine’s II | CLI | P value | OR (95% CI)§
| P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(281) | (288) | ||||
Men/female (n) | 166:115 | 176:112 | 0.275†
| 0.91 (0.4–2.1) | 0.823 |
Age (years ± SD) | 71.9 ± 3.4 | 72.7 ± 4.4 | 0.431* | 1.00 (0.9–1.00) | 0.476 |
Smoking (current) (%) | 56 (19.9) | 154 (53.4) | 0.001†
| 3.43 (2.15–3.65) | 0.001 |
Hypertension (%) | 173 (61.6) | 182 (63.2) | 0.143†
| 0.89 (0.62–1.04) | 0.327 |
CAD (%) | 102 (36.3) | 195 (67.7) | 0.001†
| 3.74 (2.49–4.02) | 0.001 |
Diabetes duration (years ± SD) | 9.3 ± 3.1 | 15.7 ± 5.1 | 0.001†
| 4.37 (3.07–5.12) | 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.65 (1.12) | 5.68 (1.83) | 0.001†
| 2.05 (1.54–3.02) | 0.001 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.15 (1.01) | 1.31 (1.09) | 0.247†
| 0.85 (0.69–1.01) | 0.296 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.95 (0.87) | 3.25 (1.43) | 0.001†
| 2.69 (1.32–4.12) | 0.001 |
Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.95 (1.45) | 1.93 (1.06) | 0.473†
| 1.32 (0.71–1.58) | 0.456 |
Fast glucose (mmol/L) | 6.78 (1.84) | 6.97 (2.46) | 0.945†
| 1.02 (0.56–1.34) | 1.001 |
Glycated hemoglobin (%) | 7.25 (1.16) | 7.33 (1.32) | 0.854†
| 1.00 (0.43–1.15) | 0.765 |
Variable OR (95% CI) | P value | |
---|---|---|
Model 1 | ||
Age | 1.02 (1.01–1.19) | 0.146 |
Smoking | 36.71 (4.54–179.31) | 0.001 |
Hypertension | 24.91 (5.56–89.65) | <0.001 |
Hyperlipidemia | 12.54 (2.45–28.34) | 0.022 |
TC | 1.56 (1.06–1.94) | 0.034 |
HDL-C | 0.02 (0.01–0.22) | 0.001 |
LDL-C | 9.43 (1.65–74.34) | 0.066 |
hsCRP | 35.32 (7.45–129.22) | <0.001 |
IL-6 | 6.01 (2.02–16.02) | 0.012 |
Model 2 | ||
Sex | 0.15 (0.02–0.94) | 0.097 |
Age | 1.56 (1.15–1.78) | 0.164 |
Smoking | 66.43 (4.21–654.01) | 0.012 |
Hypertension | 41.12 (6.24–189.54) | <0.001 |
Hyperlipidemia | 8.57 (1.57–49.24) | 0.017 |
TC | 0.05 (0.01–0.43) | 0.012 |
HDL-C | 0.01 (0.00–0.24) | 0.001 |
LDL-C | 13.86 (1.34–153.27) | 0.019 |
hsCRP | 65.89 (8.11–436.53) | <0.001 |
IL-6 | 7.87 (2.47–18.04) | 0.008 |
HMGB-1 | 12.32 (3.56–23.54) | 0.023 |
OPG | 3.53 (1.54–6.15) | 0.019 |