Background
Methods
Health status
Functional status
Community engagement
Statistical methods
Results
Prevalence of indicators by age, sex, and location
Selected characteristics | City | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Buenos Aires | Bridgetown | Sao Paulo | Santiago | Havana | Mexico City | Montevideo | All | |
Mean age (yr)
| 70.7 | 72.4 | 69.4 | 70.3 | 71.1 | 69.7 | 70.9 | 70.3 |
Age-group (yr)
N
| 1043 | 1508 | 2143 | 1301 | 1905 | 1247 | 1450 | 10597 |
60–64 (%) | 22.0 | 20.1 | 32.3 | 29.5 | 27.9 | 32.4 | 21.2 | 27.2 |
65–69 (%) | 25.1 | 22.2 | 26.8 | 24.2 | 21.9 | 24.3 | 25.9 | 24.9 |
70–74 (%) | 25.4 | 20.3 | 18.8 | 18.6 | 19.3 | 19.3 | 22.8 | 21.5 |
75–79 (%) | 15.0 | 16.3 | 11.2 | 14.3 | 13.7 | 11.4 | 17.0 | 13.5 |
80–84 (%) | 7.8 | 11.3 | 6.2 | 7.3 | 8.4 | 6.5 | 8.6 | 7.3 |
85–89 (%) | 4.0 | 6.2 | 3.3 | 4.4 | 5.7 | 4.7 | 3.5 | 4.2 |
90 years & over (%) | 0.8 | 3.5 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 3.1 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.3 |
Sex: female
n
(%)
| 660 (61.7) | 924 (60.3) | 1262 (58.6) | 855 (59.8) | 1197 (59.1) | 740 (56.4) | 920 (63.7) |
6558
(59.7)
|
Buenos Aires | Bridgetown | Sao Paulo | Santiago | Havana | Mexico City | Montevideo | All* | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N
| 1043 | 1508 | 2143 | 1301 | 1905 | 1247 | 1450 | 10597 |
Self-reported health status† % (95% CI) | 65.2 (59.3–71.2) | 51.8 (49.0–54.6) | 47.7 (43.8–51.5) | 40.0 (32.9–47.1) | 37.3 (34.7–39.9) | 31.2 (27.5–34.9) | 61.4 (52.6–70.2) |
49.7
(45.4–53.9)
|
Neither disability nor disease % (95% CI) | 17.0 (13.8–20.3) | 21.9 (19.6–24.1) | 20.7 (18.4–23.0) | 18.4 (14.7–22.0) | 17.7 (15.9–19.5) | 27.8 (25.2–30.4) | 20.6 (17.9–23.3) |
20.7
(19.0–22.4)
|
Any disability‡ % (95% CI) | 17.5 (14.6–20.4) | 14.2(12.1–16.3) | 19.2 (16.7–21.7) | 22.1 (18.6–25.7) | 19.1 (17.2–21.0) | 19.3 (16.8–21.9) | 17.3 (13.6–21.1) |
18.8
(17.7–19.9)
|
Any disease‡ % (95% CI) | 81.7 (78.6–84.7) | 76.2 (73.8–78.6) | 77.2 (74.9–79.5) | 78.9 (74.8–83.0) | 80.6 (78.7–82.4) | 68.6 (66.0–71.1) | 77.7 (75.5–80.0) |
77.1
(75.3–78.9)
|
Co-morbidity§% (95% CI) | 46.2 (43.6–48.9) | 44.7 (41.9–47.6) | 46.1 (43.6–48.6) | 45.0 (39.9–50.2) | 50.2 (47.8–52.5) | 34.7 (31.7–37.8) | 46.9 (42.2–51.6) |
43.7
(42.1–45.3)
|
Disability and any disease§% (95% CI) | 16.2 (13.0–19.4) | 12.2(10.1–14.2) | 17.1 (14.9–19.4) | 19.3 (15.9–22.8) | 17.3 (15.4–19.2) | 15.6 (13.3–18.0) | 15.8 (11.9–19.7) |
16.6
(15.4–17.7)
|
Disability and co-morbidity§% (95% CI) | 11.8 (9.2–14.5) | 8.3 (6.6–9.9) | 12.6 (11.0–14.3) | 14.1 (11.4–16.7) | 12.1 (10.6–13.7) | 10.5 (8.4–12.6) | 11.7 (7.8–15.6) |
11.9
(11.0–12.8)
|
Life expectancies with and without disability, disease and co-morbidity
Sex†
| ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IRR | 95% CI | p-value | IRR | 95% CI | p-value | |
Age (years)
| ||||||
60–64 | 1.00 | - | - | 1.06 | 1.02–1.10 | 0.003 |
65–69 | 0.98 | 0.95–1.01 | 0.14 | 1.06 | 1.02–1.11 | 0.002 |
70–74 | 0.96 | 0.93–0.98 | 0.003 | 1.03 | 0.98–1.08 | 0.23 |
75–79 | 0.87 | 0.85–0.90 | < 0.001 | 1.13 | 1.07–1.19 | < 0.001 |
80+ | 0.71 | 0.69–0.74 | < 0.001 | 1.20 | 1.14–1.28 | < 0.001 |
City
‡
| ||||||
Buenos Aires | 1.01 | 0.98–1.04 | 0.48 | 1.08 | 1.01–1.15 | 0.02 |
Bridgetown | 1.08 | 1.05–1.10 | < 0.001 | 1.05 | 1.00–1.11 | 0.05 |
São Paulo | 0.98 | 0.96–1.00 | 0.06 | 1.09 | 1.04–1.14 | < 0.001 |
Santiago | 0.94 | 0.92–0.97 | < 0.001 | 1.09 | 1.03–1.16 | 0.004 |
Havana | 1.00 | 0.98–1.02 | 0.86 | 1.09 | 1.04–1.14 | 0.001 |
Mexico City | 0.98 | 0.96–1.01 | 0.20 | 1.05 | 0.99–1.11 | 0.14 |
Montevideo | 1.01 | 0.99–1.04 | 0.24 | 1.12 | 1.06–1.19 | < 0.001 |
Community engagement
Buenos Aires | Bridgetown | Sao Paulo | Santiago | Havana | Mexico City | Montevideo | All | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N
| 1043 | 1508 | 2143 | 1301 | 1905 | 1247 | 1450 | 10597 |
Women %
(95%CI)
| ||||||||
1) No regular community contact | 11.4 (8.2–14.7) | 15.5 (12.9–18.0) | 4.5 (3.4–5.7) | 3.9 (2.7–5.0) | 12.1 (9.8–14.5) | 9.9 (7.8–12.1) | 7.3 (6.5–8.1) | 8.9 (7.6–10.2) |
2) Weekly community contact | 10.0 (8.1-11.8) | 10.6 ()8.6–12.6 | 7.1 (5.7–8.4) | 9.4 (6.7–12.1) | 12.9 (10.7–15.2) | 13.6 (10.8–16.5) | 7.1 (4.7–9.5) | 10.2 (9.2–11.3) |
3) Passive help | 5.6 (4.3–5.1) | 7.3 (5.3–9.3) | 4.6 (3.5–8.4) | 11.3 (8.5–14.2) | 4.8 (3.5–6.1) | 7.7 (5.6–9.8) | 9.4 (7.7–11.1) | 6.8 (5.8–7.8) |
4) Active help | 47.0 (43.0–51.0) | 31.7 (27.9–35.4) | 45.1 (41.7–48.5) | 46.5 (41.7–51.3) | 61.2 (57.8–64.7) | 49.9 (45.6–54.2) | 55.3 (50.3–60.4) | 48.8 (46.9–50.8) |
5) Voluntary or paid work | 26.0 (22.4–29.6) | 35.0 (31.3–39.0) | 38.7 (35.9–41.6) | 28.9 (24.0–33.9) | 8.9 (7.0–10.8) | 18.9 (16.0–21.7) | 20.8 (14.0–27.6) | 25.2 (23.5–26.9) |
Men %
(95%CI)
| ||||||||
1) No regular community contact | 7.2 (4.1–10.3) | 12.7 (9.8–15.6) | 3.3 (2.0–4.6) | 2.3 (0.9–3.7) | 6.6 (4.7–8.6) | 3.5 (1.9–5.0) | 3.9 (1.9–5.9) | 4.8 (3.8–5.9) |
2) Weekly community contact | 5.6 (3.7–7.6) | 10.2 (7.4–13.0) | 5.7 (3.4–8.0) | 8.9 (6.0–11.8) | 8.3 (6.3–10.4) | 11.3 (8.5–14.0) | 5.1 (3.0–7.2) | 7.6 (6.6–8.8) |
3) Passive help | 7.0 (3.8–10.3) | 13.4 (10.5–16.3) | 10.9 (8.3–13.4) | 15.0 (12.4–17.7) | 6.1 (4.3–7.8) | 12.1 (9.2–15.0) | 17.8 (13.7–21.8) | 10.6 (8.9–12.3) |
4) Active help | 35.4 (31.7–39.2) | 25.2 (21.1–29.3) | 25.7 (21.9–29.5) | 26.4 (21.0–31.8) | 43.9 (39.9–47.9) | 25.0 (21.1–28.9) | 45.8 (41.7–49.9) | 31.5 (29.0–34.0) |
5) Voluntary or paid work | 44.7 (39.7–49.7) | 38.5 (34.3–42.7) | 54.4 (49.9–58.9) | 47.4 (42.6–52.3) | 35.1 (31.3–38.9) | 48.2 (43.6–52.8) | 27.4 (23.0–31.9) | 45.5 (42.9–48.1) |
Not adjusted for depression | Adjusted for depression* | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Condition | OR†
| 95% CI | p-value | OR†
| 95% CI | p-value |
Women
| ||||||
Any disease‡
| 0.79 | 0.67–0.94 | 0.01 | 0.86 | 0.72–1.02 | 0.08 |
Co-morbidity | 0.85 | 0.73–0.97 | 0.02 | 0.91 | 0.78–1.05 | 0.21 |
ADL§
| 0.52 | 0.44–0.61 | <0.001 | 0.58 | 0.49–0.69 | <0.001 |
Men
| ||||||
Any disease‡
| 0.70 | 0.56–0.87 | 0.001 | 0.78 | 0.62–0.99 | 0.04 |
Co-morbidity‡
| 0.69 | 0.58–0.83 | <0.001 | 0.78 | 0.65–0.94 | 0.01 |
ADL§
| 0.40 | 0.30–0.53 | <0.001 | 0.50 | 0.38–0.67 | <0.001 |
All
| ||||||
Any disease‡
| 0.74 | 0.65–0.86 | <0.001 | 0.82 | 0.71–0.94 | 0.01 |
Co-morbidity‡
| 0.79 | 0.71–0.87 | <0.001 | 0.86 | 0.77–0.96 | 0.01 |
ADL§
| 0.48 | 0.41–0.56 | <0.001 | 0.55 | 0.47–0.65 | <0.001 |
Discussion
Conclusion
Appendix
City | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selected diseases/conditions (%) | Buenos Aires | Bridge-town | Sao Paulo | Santiago | Havana | Mexico City | Montevideo | All |
N
| 1043 | 1508 | 2143 | 1301 | 1905 | 1247 | 1450 | 10597 |
Heart problems | 19.8 (17.7–22.0) | 11.1 (9.4–12.7) | 19.6 (17.6–21.6) | 32.2 (26.2–38.3) | 24.1 (22.0–26.2) | 10.0 (8.2–11.8) | 23.8 (20.1–27.5) |
19.3
(18.0–20.7)
|
Stroke | 4.8 (2.6–7.1) | 5.4 (4.1–6.6) | 7.2 (6.1–8.4) | 6.5 (4.8–8.3) | 9.7 (8.2–11.2) | 5.8 (4.4–7.3) | 3.7 (2.6–4.8) |
5.9
(5.0–6.8)
|
Hypertension | 49.7 (46.2–53.1) | 47.5 (44.6–50.3) | 53.7 (50.9–56.5) | 51.4 (46.5–56.3) | 44.1 (41.5–46.7) | 42.8 (39.9–45.7) | 45.2 (41.8–48.7) |
48.1
(46.6–49.6)
|
Cancer | 5.3 (4.0–6.5) | 2.9 (2.0–3.8) | 3.3 (2.5–4.1) | 4.1 (3.0–5.3) | 3.4 (2.6–4.2) | 1.9 (1.1–2.6) | 6.3 (5.0–7.5) |
4.0
(3.4–4.5)
|
Diabetes | 12.4 (8.5–16.2) | 21.7 (19.3–24.1) | 18.0 (15.9–20.1) | 13.3 (10.0–16.5) | 14.8 (13.0–16.6) | 21.6 (19.0–24.2) | 13.7 (10.9–16.5) |
15.9
(14.5–17.3)
|
Arthritis | 52.6 (49.3–56.0) | 46.2 (43.2–49.1) | 32.2 (29.9–34.6) | 29.3 (26.3–32.3) | 55.8 (53.5–58.1) | 24.6 (21.8–27.3) | 48.2 (44.5–51.9) |
40.1
(36.2–44.0)
|
Chronic lung disease | 7.8 (6.2–9.5) | 4.1 (3.0–5.3) | 12.2 (10.8–13.6) | 11.9 (9.2–14.5) | 12.9 (11.3–14.5) | 9.8 (8.1–11.5) | 9.3 (8.9–9.7) |
9.9
(9.0–10.7)
|