Background
Methods
Sample and procedure
Measures
Data analysis
Results
Sample characteristics and sexual HIV risk behaviour
Variables | n or M | % or SD |
---|---|---|
Socio-economic factors
| ||
Age (years), M (s.d.) | 26.6 | 6.1 |
Education (years or Grades)
| ||
Grade 7 or less, n (%) | 134 | 9.0 |
Grade 8–11, n (%) | 698 | 46.6 |
Grade 12 or more, n (%) | 665 | 44.4 |
Marital status
| ||
Single, n (%) | 1025 | 69.8 |
Married or cohabitating, n (%) | 444 | 30.2 |
Obstetrics
| ||
Number of own children, M (s.d) | 1.2 | 1.2 |
Number of antenatal care visits, M (s.d.) | 3.4 | 1.5 |
Current pregnancy not planned, n (%) | 824 | 55.2 |
Father accompany to antenatal clinic, n (%) | 435 | 29.4 |
HIV related variables
| ||
HIV knowledge scores, M (s.d.) | 2.5 | 1.1 |
Belief ARVs can cure HIV, n (%) | 231 | 16.3 |
Belief in someone treated with ARVs cannot transmit the HIV virus, n (%) | 318 | 22.4 |
HIV status
| ||
HIV positive, n (%) | 278 | 19.8 |
HIV negative, n (%) | 1123 | 80.2 |
HIV status unknown, n (%) | 101 | [6.7] |
Psychosocial distress and alcohol use
| ||
Past month (any) alcohol use, n (%) | 93 | 6.5 |
Physical partner violence in the past 6 months, n (%) | 123 | 8.5 |
Psychological distress (Kessler 10 ≥28 scores), n (%) | 267 | 17.8 |
Sexual HIV risk factors
| ||
Two or more sexual partners in the past 12 months, n (%) | 155 | 19.9 |
Casual sexual partner in the past 3 months, n (%) | 107 | 7.6 |
History of STI (other than HIV) in the past 12 months, n (%) | 254 | 17.3 |
Condom use with primary partner in the past 3 months
| ||
Never, n (%) | 899 | 63.3 |
Less than half of the time, n (%) | 114 | 8.0 |
Half of the time, n (%) | 81 | 5.7 |
More than half of the time, n (%) | 99 | 7.0 |
Every time, n (%) | 228 | 16.0 |
Knows partner’s HIV status
| ||
HIV positive, n (%) | 77 | 12.6 |
HIV negative, n (%) | 532 | 87.4 |
Do not know/refused to answer, n (%) | 893 | [59.5] |
Predictors of sexual HIV risk behaviours
Two or more sexual partners in past 12 months | Never condom use with primary partner in past 3 month | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
UOR (95% CI) | AOR1(95% CI) | UOR (95% CI) | AOR2(95% CI) | |
Socio-economic factors
| ||||
Age (years) | 0.96 (0.93-0.98)** | 0.98 (0.94-1.02) | 1.00 (0.99-1.02) | --- |
Education (years) | 0.92 (0.84-1.01) | --- | 0.96 (0.90-1.03) | --- |
Single (Base = married) | 2.05 (1.34-3.13)*** | 1.62 (1.00-2.62)* | 0.80 (0.63-1.02) | --- |
Obstetrics
| ||||
Number of own children | 0.82 (0.71-0.96)** | 0.91 (0.74-1.13) | 1.01 (0.93-1.10) | --- |
Number of antenatal care visits | 0.93 (0.83-1.05) | --- | 0.90 (0.84-0.96)** | 0.91 (0.85-0.99)* |
Current pregnancy not planned (Base = planned) | 1.27 (0.91-1.78) | --- | 1.04 (0.84-1.29) | --- |
Father accompany to antenatal clinic (Base = No) | 1.25 (0.88-1.78) | --- | 0.79 (0.63-0.99)* | 0.83 (0.64-1.06) |
HIV related variables
| ||||
HIV knowledge scores | 1.04 (0.89-1.20) | --- | 0.94 (0.85-1.04) | --- |
Belief ARVs can cure HIV (Base = No) | 0.97 (0.49-1.27) | --- | 0.97 (0.72-1.30) | --- |
Belief in someone treated with ARVs cannot transmit the HIV virus (Base = No) | 0.97 (0.65-1.45) | --- | 1.00 (0.77-1.30) | --- |
HIV positive (Base = HIV negative) | 1.11 (0.73-1.68) | --- | 0.44 (0.33-0.57)*** | 0.39 (0.29-0.52)*** |
Psychosocial distress and alcohol use
| ||||
Past month (any) alcohol use (Base = No) | 4.77 (2.99-7.63)*** | 4.38 (2.63-7.31)*** | 0.56 (0.37-0.86)** | 0.55 (0.35-0.86)** |
Physical partner violence in the past 6 months (Base = No) | 1.81 (1.09-2.98)* | 1.59 (0.90-2.80) | 0.83 (0.57-1.22) | --- |
Psychological distress (Kessler 10 ≥ 28 scores) (Base = <28 scores) | 1.64 (1.11-2.41) | --- | 1.02 (0.77-1.34) | --- |
History of STI (other than HIV) in the past 12 months | HIV status of partner is positive or unknown | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
UOR (95% CI) | AOR1(95% CI) | UOR (95% CI) | AOR2(95% CI) | |
Socio-economic factors
| ||||
Age (years) | 1.12 (1.00-1.04) | --- | 1.00 (0.98-1.02) | --- |
Education (years) | 0.93 (0.86-1.01) | --- | 0.88 (0.82-0.94)*** | 0.91 0.84-0.99)* |
Single (Base = married) | 1.04 (0.77-1.40) | --- | 1.18 (0.93-1.48) | --- |
Obstetrics
| ||||
Number of own children | 1.18 (1.03-1.34)* | 1.10 (0.99-1.24) | 1.07 (0.96-1.19) | --- |
Number of antenatal care visits | 0.97 (0.88-1.06) | --- | 1.02 (0.95-1.09) | --- |
Current pregnancy not planned (Base = planned) | 0.95 (0.73-1.25) | --- | 1.75 (1.41-2.17)*** | 1.73 (1.36-2.20)*** |
Father accompany to antenatal clinic (Base = No) | 1.11 (0.83-1.49) | --- | 0.56 (0.44-0.70)*** | 0.53 (0.41-0.69)*** |
HIV related variables
| ||||
HIV knowledge scores | 1.12 (0.98-1.27) | --- | 0.94 (0.85-1.04) | --- |
Belief ARVs can cure HIV (Base = No) | 0.90 (0.64-1.27) | --- | 1.51 (1.11-2.05)** | 1.41 (1.00-1.97)* |
Belief in someone treated with ARVs cannot transmit the HIV virus (Base = No) | 1.58 (1.12-2.23)** | 1.24 (0.97-2.11) | 0.96 (0.74-1.25) | --- |
HIV positive (Base = HIV negative) | 2.13 (1.56-2.91)*** | 1.94 (1.39-2.72)*** | 5.17 (3.57-7.48)*** | 5.01 (3.42-7.34)*** |
Psychosocial distress and alcohol use
| ||||
Past month (any) alcohol use (Base = No) | 1.29 (0.75-2.20) | --- | 1.33 (0.84-2.09 | --- |
Physical partner violence in the past 6 months (Base = No) | 2.90 (1.94-4.34)*** | 2.08 (1.32-3.30)*** | 1.07 (0.73-1.57) | --- |
Psychological distress (Kessler 10 ≥ 28 scores) (Base = <28 scores) | 2.19 (1.60-2.99)** | 1.84 (1.29-2.62)*** | 1.17 (0.88-1.54) | --- |