Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Clinical Immunology 3/2010

01.05.2010

sHLA-I Contamination, A Novel Mechanism to Explain Ex Vivo/In Vitro Modulation of IL-10 Synthesis and Release in CD8+ T Lymphocytes and in Neutrophils Following Intravenous Immunoglobulin Infusion

verfasst von: Massimo Ghio, Paola Contini, Maurizio Setti, Gianluca Ubezio, Clemente Mazzei, Gino Tripodi

Erschienen in: Journal of Clinical Immunology | Ausgabe 3/2010

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Background

Numerous mechanisms have been proposed to explain the beneficial action of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) in autoimmune and systemic inflammatory disorders; among others, they could decrease pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and also induce anti-inflammatory cytokines.

Materials and Methods

Ex vivo analysis of cells from ten IVIG recipients showed significant increase of IL-10 mRNA and intra-cellular IL-10 molecules in both leukotypes.

Results

In vitro comparable results were obtained incubating CD8+ T lymphocytes and neutrophils from healthy donors with IVIG. sHLA-I and/or sFasL immunodepletion abolished IL-10 modulation. Co-culture with contaminant-free IgM or MabThera did not exert any mRNA modulation. Finally, IgM or MabThera plus purified sHLA-I molecules enhanced IL-10-mRNA in both leukotypes to levels comparable to those obtained with IVIG incubation.

Conclusion

As IVIG infusion involves administration of soluble contaminants, these data consent to speculate that IVIG might modulate IL-10 via the immunomodulatory activities of sHLA-I contaminant molecules inducing transcriptional and post-transcriptional modulation of IL-10 in CD8+ T lymphocytes and neutrophils.
Literatur
1.
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Seite J-F, Shoenfelf Y, Youinou P, Hillion S. What is the contents of magic draft IVIg? Autoimmun Rev. 2008;7:435–9.CrossRefPubMed Seite J-F, Shoenfelf Y, Youinou P, Hillion S. What is the contents of magic draft IVIg? Autoimmun Rev. 2008;7:435–9.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Sewell WAC, Jolles S. Immunomodulatory action of intravenous immunoglobulin. Immunology. 2002;107:387–93.CrossRefPubMed Sewell WAC, Jolles S. Immunomodulatory action of intravenous immunoglobulin. Immunology. 2002;107:387–93.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Eibl MM. Intravenous immunoglobulins in neurological disorders: safety issues. Neurol Sci. 2003;24:S222–6.CrossRefPubMed Eibl MM. Intravenous immunoglobulins in neurological disorders: safety issues. Neurol Sci. 2003;24:S222–6.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Bayry J, Thirion M, Misra N, Thorenoor N, Delignat S, Lacroix-Desmazes S, et al. Mechanisms of action of intravenous immunoglobulin in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Neurol Sci. 2003;24:S217–21.CrossRefPubMed Bayry J, Thirion M, Misra N, Thorenoor N, Delignat S, Lacroix-Desmazes S, et al. Mechanisms of action of intravenous immunoglobulin in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Neurol Sci. 2003;24:S217–21.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Kazatchkine MD, Kaveri SV. Immunomodulation of autoimmune and inflammatory Diseases with intravenous immune globulin. NEJM. 2001;345:747–55.CrossRefPubMed Kazatchkine MD, Kaveri SV. Immunomodulation of autoimmune and inflammatory Diseases with intravenous immune globulin. NEJM. 2001;345:747–55.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Mouzaki A, Theodoropoulos M, Gianakopoulos I, Vlaha V, Kyrtsonosis M-C, Maniatis A. Expression patterns of Th1 and Th2 cytokine genes in childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) at presentation and their modulation by intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment: thei role in prognosis. Blood. 2002;100:1774–9.PubMed Mouzaki A, Theodoropoulos M, Gianakopoulos I, Vlaha V, Kyrtsonosis M-C, Maniatis A. Expression patterns of Th1 and Th2 cytokine genes in childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) at presentation and their modulation by intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment: thei role in prognosis. Blood. 2002;100:1774–9.PubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Bayry J, Kazatchkine MD, Kaveri SV. Shortage of human intravenous immunoglobulin, reasons and possible solutions. Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2007;3(3):120–1.CrossRefPubMed Bayry J, Kazatchkine MD, Kaveri SV. Shortage of human intravenous immunoglobulin, reasons and possible solutions. Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2007;3(3):120–1.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Skansén-Saphir U, Andersson J, Björk L, Ekberg C, Fehniger TE, Henter JI, et al. Down-regulation of lymphokine synthesis by intravenous gammaglobulin is dependent upon accessory cells. Scand J Immunol. 1998;47(3):229–35.CrossRefPubMed Skansén-Saphir U, Andersson J, Björk L, Ekberg C, Fehniger TE, Henter JI, et al. Down-regulation of lymphokine synthesis by intravenous gammaglobulin is dependent upon accessory cells. Scand J Immunol. 1998;47(3):229–35.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Amran D, Renz H, Lack G, Bradley K, Gelfand EW. Suppression of cytokine-dependent human T-cell proliferation by intravenous immunoglobulin. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1994;73(2):180–6.CrossRefPubMed Amran D, Renz H, Lack G, Bradley K, Gelfand EW. Suppression of cytokine-dependent human T-cell proliferation by intravenous immunoglobulin. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1994;73(2):180–6.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Modiano JF, Amran D, Lack G, Bradley K, Ball C, Domenico J, et al. Posttranscriptional regulation of T-cell IL-2 production by human pooled immunoglobulin. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1997;83(1):77–85.CrossRefPubMed Modiano JF, Amran D, Lack G, Bradley K, Ball C, Domenico J, et al. Posttranscriptional regulation of T-cell IL-2 production by human pooled immunoglobulin. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1997;83(1):77–85.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Toyoda M, Zhang XM, Petrosian A, Wachs K, Moudgil A, Jordan SC. Inhibition of allospecific responses in the mixed lymphocyte reaction by pooled human gamma-globulin. Transpl Immunol. 1994;2(4):337–41.CrossRefPubMed Toyoda M, Zhang XM, Petrosian A, Wachs K, Moudgil A, Jordan SC. Inhibition of allospecific responses in the mixed lymphocyte reaction by pooled human gamma-globulin. Transpl Immunol. 1994;2(4):337–41.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Blasczyk R, Westhoff U, Grosse-Wilde H. Soluble CD4, CD8, and HLA molecules in commercial immunoglobulin preparations. Lancet. 1993;341:789–90.CrossRefPubMed Blasczyk R, Westhoff U, Grosse-Wilde H. Soluble CD4, CD8, and HLA molecules in commercial immunoglobulin preparations. Lancet. 1993;341:789–90.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Grosse-Wilde H, Blasczyk R, Westhoff U. Soluble HLA class I and class II concentrations in commercial immunoglobulin preparations. Tissue Antigens. 1992;39:74–7.CrossRefPubMed Grosse-Wilde H, Blasczyk R, Westhoff U. Soluble HLA class I and class II concentrations in commercial immunoglobulin preparations. Tissue Antigens. 1992;39:74–7.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Ghio M, Contini P, Puppo F, Indiveri F. The immunomodulatory effect of blood transfusions and intravenous immunoglobulins: the role of the soluble molecules of the Class-I major histocompatibility complex and of the Fas ligand. Ann Ital Med Int. 2000;15(1):70–4.PubMed Ghio M, Contini P, Puppo F, Indiveri F. The immunomodulatory effect of blood transfusions and intravenous immunoglobulins: the role of the soluble molecules of the Class-I major histocompatibility complex and of the Fas ligand. Ann Ital Med Int. 2000;15(1):70–4.PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Ghio M, Ottonello L, Contini P, Amelotti M, Mazzei C, Indiveri F, et al. Transforming growth factor-beta1 in supernatants from stored red blood cells inhibits neutrophil locomotion. Blood. 2003;102:1100–7.CrossRefPubMed Ghio M, Ottonello L, Contini P, Amelotti M, Mazzei C, Indiveri F, et al. Transforming growth factor-beta1 in supernatants from stored red blood cells inhibits neutrophil locomotion. Blood. 2003;102:1100–7.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Ghio M, Contini P, Mazzei C, Brenci S, Barberis G, Filaci G, et al. Soluble HLA class I, HLA class II, and Fas ligand in blood components: a possible key to explain the immunomodulatory effects of allogeneic blood transfusions. Blood. 1999;3:1770–7. Ghio M, Contini P, Mazzei C, Brenci S, Barberis G, Filaci G, et al. Soluble HLA class I, HLA class II, and Fas ligand in blood components: a possible key to explain the immunomodulatory effects of allogeneic blood transfusions. Blood. 1999;3:1770–7.
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Ghio M, Contini P, Ubezio G, Mazzei C, Puppo F, Indiveri F. Immunomodulatory effects of blood transfusions: the synergic role of soluble HLA Class I free heavy-chain molecules detectable in blood components. Transfusion. 2008;48:1591–7.CrossRefPubMed Ghio M, Contini P, Ubezio G, Mazzei C, Puppo F, Indiveri F. Immunomodulatory effects of blood transfusions: the synergic role of soluble HLA Class I free heavy-chain molecules detectable in blood components. Transfusion. 2008;48:1591–7.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Ghio M, Contini P, Mazzei C, Merlo A, Filaci G, Setti M, et al. In vitro immunosuppressive activity of soluble HLA class I and Fas ligand molecules: do they play a role in autologous blood transfusion? Transfusion. 2001;41:988–96.CrossRefPubMed Ghio M, Contini P, Mazzei C, Merlo A, Filaci G, Setti M, et al. In vitro immunosuppressive activity of soluble HLA class I and Fas ligand molecules: do they play a role in autologous blood transfusion? Transfusion. 2001;41:988–96.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Ghio M, Contini P, Negrini S, Proietti M, Gonella R, Ubezio G, Ottonello L, Indiveri F. sHLA-I contaminating molecules as novel mechanism of ex vivo/in vitro transcriptional and post transcriptional modulation of TGFβ1 in CD8+ T lymphocytes and neutrophils following intravenous immunoglobulin treatment. Transfusion. 2009 (in press) Ghio M, Contini P, Negrini S, Proietti M, Gonella R, Ubezio G, Ottonello L, Indiveri F. sHLA-I contaminating molecules as novel mechanism of ex vivo/in vitro transcriptional and post transcriptional modulation of TGFβ1 in CD8+ T lymphocytes and neutrophils following intravenous immunoglobulin treatment. Transfusion. 2009 (in press)
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Tanabe M, Sekimata M, Ferrone S, Takiguchi M. Structural and functional analysis of monomorphic determinants recognized by monoclonal antibodies reacting with the HLA class I alpha 3 domain. J Immunol. 1992;148:3202–9.PubMed Tanabe M, Sekimata M, Ferrone S, Takiguchi M. Structural and functional analysis of monomorphic determinants recognized by monoclonal antibodies reacting with the HLA class I alpha 3 domain. J Immunol. 1992;148:3202–9.PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Pellegrino MA, AK NG, Russo C, Ferrone S. Heterogeneous distribution of the determinants defined by monoclonal antibodies on HLA-A and B antigens bearing molecules. Transplantation. 1982;34:18–23.CrossRefPubMed Pellegrino MA, AK NG, Russo C, Ferrone S. Heterogeneous distribution of the determinants defined by monoclonal antibodies on HLA-A and B antigens bearing molecules. Transplantation. 1982;34:18–23.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Nakajima H, Samaridis J, Angman L, Colonna M. Human myeloid cells express an activating ILT receptor (ILT1) that associates with Fc receptor gamma-chain. J Immunol. 1999;162(1):5–8.PubMed Nakajima H, Samaridis J, Angman L, Colonna M. Human myeloid cells express an activating ILT receptor (ILT1) that associates with Fc receptor gamma-chain. J Immunol. 1999;162(1):5–8.PubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Ottonello L, Ghio M, Contini P, Bertolotto M, Bianchi G, Montecucco F, et al. Nonleukoreduced red blood cell transfusion induces a sustained inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis by stimulating in vivo production of transforming growth factor-beta1 by neutrophils: role of the immunoglobulinlike transcript 1, sFasL, and sHLA-I. Transfusion. 2007;47:1395–404.CrossRefPubMed Ottonello L, Ghio M, Contini P, Bertolotto M, Bianchi G, Montecucco F, et al. Nonleukoreduced red blood cell transfusion induces a sustained inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis by stimulating in vivo production of transforming growth factor-beta1 by neutrophils: role of the immunoglobulinlike transcript 1, sFasL, and sHLA-I. Transfusion. 2007;47:1395–404.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Contini P, Ghio M, Merlo A, Poggi A, Indiveri F, Puppo F. Apoptosis of antigen-specific T lymphocytes upon the engagement of CD8 by soluble HLA class I molecules is Fas ligand/Fas mediated: evidence for the involvement of p56lck, calcium calmodulin kinase II, and Calcium-independent protein kinase C signaling pathways and for NF-kappaB and NF-AT nuclear translocation. J Immunol. 2005;175:7244–54.PubMed Contini P, Ghio M, Merlo A, Poggi A, Indiveri F, Puppo F. Apoptosis of antigen-specific T lymphocytes upon the engagement of CD8 by soluble HLA class I molecules is Fas ligand/Fas mediated: evidence for the involvement of p56lck, calcium calmodulin kinase II, and Calcium-independent protein kinase C signaling pathways and for NF-kappaB and NF-AT nuclear translocation. J Immunol. 2005;175:7244–54.PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Puppo F, Contini P, Ghio M, Brenci S, Scudeletti M, Filaci G, et al. Soluble human MHC class I molecules induce soluble Fas ligand secretion and trigger apoptosis in activated CD8(+) Fas (CD95)(+) T lymphocytes. Int Immunol. 2000;12:195–203.CrossRefPubMed Puppo F, Contini P, Ghio M, Brenci S, Scudeletti M, Filaci G, et al. Soluble human MHC class I molecules induce soluble Fas ligand secretion and trigger apoptosis in activated CD8(+) Fas (CD95)(+) T lymphocytes. Int Immunol. 2000;12:195–203.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Vassilev T, Mihaylova N, Voynova E, Nikolova M, Kazatchkine M, Kaveri S. IgM-enriched human intravenous immunoglobulin suppresses T lymphocyte functions in vitro and delays the activation of T lymphocytes in hu-SCID mice. Clin Exp Immunol. 2006;145:108–15.CrossRefPubMed Vassilev T, Mihaylova N, Voynova E, Nikolova M, Kazatchkine M, Kaveri S. IgM-enriched human intravenous immunoglobulin suppresses T lymphocyte functions in vitro and delays the activation of T lymphocytes in hu-SCID mice. Clin Exp Immunol. 2006;145:108–15.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Prasad NKA, Papoff G, Zeuner A, Bonnin E, Kazatchkine MD, Ruberti G, et al. Therapeutic preparation of normal polyspecific IgG (IVIg) induce apoptosis in human lymphocytes and monocytes: a novel mechanism of action of IVIg involving Fas apoptotic pathway. J Immunol. 1998;161:3781–90.PubMed Prasad NKA, Papoff G, Zeuner A, Bonnin E, Kazatchkine MD, Ruberti G, et al. Therapeutic preparation of normal polyspecific IgG (IVIg) induce apoptosis in human lymphocytes and monocytes: a novel mechanism of action of IVIg involving Fas apoptotic pathway. J Immunol. 1998;161:3781–90.PubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Kivity S, Katz U, Daniel N, Nussinovitch U, Papageorgiou N, Shoenfeld Y. Evidence for the use of intravenous immunoglobulins—a review of the literature. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 10 Jul 2009 (in press) Kivity S, Katz U, Daniel N, Nussinovitch U, Papageorgiou N, Shoenfeld Y. Evidence for the use of intravenous immunoglobulins—a review of the literature. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 10 Jul 2009 (in press)
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Seite JF, Shoenfeld Y, Youinou P, Hillion S. What is the contents of the magic draft IVIg? Autoimmun Rev. 2008;7(6):435–9.CrossRefPubMed Seite JF, Shoenfeld Y, Youinou P, Hillion S. What is the contents of the magic draft IVIg? Autoimmun Rev. 2008;7(6):435–9.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Bayry J, Lacroix-Desmazes S, Kazatchkine MD, Kaveri SV. Monoclonal antibody and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for rheumatic diseases: rationale and mechanisms of action. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2007;3(5):262–72.CrossRefPubMed Bayry J, Lacroix-Desmazes S, Kazatchkine MD, Kaveri SV. Monoclonal antibody and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for rheumatic diseases: rationale and mechanisms of action. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2007;3(5):262–72.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Zandman-Goddard G, Blank M, Shoenfeld Y. Intravenous immunoglobulins in systemic lupus erythematosus: from the bench to the bedside. Lupus. 2009;18(10):884–8.CrossRefPubMed Zandman-Goddard G, Blank M, Shoenfeld Y. Intravenous immunoglobulins in systemic lupus erythematosus: from the bench to the bedside. Lupus. 2009;18(10):884–8.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Gold R, Stangel M, Dalakas MC. Drug Insight: the use of intravenous immunoglobulin in neurology–therapeutic considerations and practical issues. Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2007;3(1):36–44.CrossRefPubMed Gold R, Stangel M, Dalakas MC. Drug Insight: the use of intravenous immunoglobulin in neurology–therapeutic considerations and practical issues. Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2007;3(1):36–44.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Nimmerjahn F, Ravetch JV. Anti-inflammatory actions of intravenous immunoglobulin. Annu Rev Immunol. 2008;26:513–33.CrossRefPubMed Nimmerjahn F, Ravetch JV. Anti-inflammatory actions of intravenous immunoglobulin. Annu Rev Immunol. 2008;26:513–33.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Tha-In T, Bayry J, Metselaar HJ, Kaveri SV, Kwekkeboom J. Modulation of the cellular immune system by intravenous immunoglobulin. Trends Immunol. 2008;29(12):608–15.CrossRefPubMed Tha-In T, Bayry J, Metselaar HJ, Kaveri SV, Kwekkeboom J. Modulation of the cellular immune system by intravenous immunoglobulin. Trends Immunol. 2008;29(12):608–15.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Le Pottier L, Sapir T, Bendaoud B, Youinou P, Shoenfeld Y, Pers JO. Intravenous immunoglobulin and cytokines: focus on tumor necrosis factor family members BAFF and APRIL. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007;1110:426–32.CrossRefPubMed Le Pottier L, Sapir T, Bendaoud B, Youinou P, Shoenfeld Y, Pers JO. Intravenous immunoglobulin and cytokines: focus on tumor necrosis factor family members BAFF and APRIL. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007;1110:426–32.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Spaggiari GM, Contini P, Dondero A, Carosio R, Puppo F, Indiveri F, et al. Soluble HLA class I induces NK cell apoptosis upon the engagement of killer-activating HLA class I receptors through FasL-Fas interaction. Blood. 2002;100:4098–107.CrossRefPubMed Spaggiari GM, Contini P, Dondero A, Carosio R, Puppo F, Indiveri F, et al. Soluble HLA class I induces NK cell apoptosis upon the engagement of killer-activating HLA class I receptors through FasL-Fas interaction. Blood. 2002;100:4098–107.CrossRefPubMed
38.
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Wahl SM. Transforming growth factor-beta: innately bipolar. Curr Opin Immunol. 2007;19:55–62.CrossRefPubMed Wahl SM. Transforming growth factor-beta: innately bipolar. Curr Opin Immunol. 2007;19:55–62.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Lories RJ, Casteels-Van Daele M, Ceuppens JL, Van Gool SW. Polyclonal immunoglobulins for intravenous use induce interleukin 10 release in vivo and in vitro. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63(6):747–8.CrossRefPubMed Lories RJ, Casteels-Van Daele M, Ceuppens JL, Van Gool SW. Polyclonal immunoglobulins for intravenous use induce interleukin 10 release in vivo and in vitro. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63(6):747–8.CrossRefPubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Ghio M, Contini P, Negrini S, Boero S, Musso A, Poggi A. Soluble HLA-I-mediated secretion of TGF-beta1 by human NK cells and consequent down-regulation of anti-tumor cytolytic activity. Eur J Immunol. 2009;39(12):3459–68.CrossRefPubMed Ghio M, Contini P, Negrini S, Boero S, Musso A, Poggi A. Soluble HLA-I-mediated secretion of TGF-beta1 by human NK cells and consequent down-regulation of anti-tumor cytolytic activity. Eur J Immunol. 2009;39(12):3459–68.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Spolski R, Kim HP, Zhu W, Levy DE, Leonard WJ. IL-21 mediates suppressive effects via its induction of IL-10. J Immunol. 2009;182(5):2859–67.CrossRefPubMed Spolski R, Kim HP, Zhu W, Levy DE, Leonard WJ. IL-21 mediates suppressive effects via its induction of IL-10. J Immunol. 2009;182(5):2859–67.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Ince MN, Elliott DE, Setiawan T, Metwali A, Blum A, Chen HL, et al. Role of T cell TGF-beta signaling in intestinal cytokine responses and helminthic immune modulation. Eur J Immunol. 2009;39(7):1870–8.CrossRefPubMed Ince MN, Elliott DE, Setiawan T, Metwali A, Blum A, Chen HL, et al. Role of T cell TGF-beta signaling in intestinal cytokine responses and helminthic immune modulation. Eur J Immunol. 2009;39(7):1870–8.CrossRefPubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang BC, Lin HK, Hor WS, Hwang JY, Lin YP, Liu MY, et al. Mediation of enhanced transcription of the IL-10 gene in T cells, upon contact with human glioma cells, by Fas signaling through a protein kinase A-independent pathway. J Immunol. 2003;171(8):3947–54.PubMed Yang BC, Lin HK, Hor WS, Hwang JY, Lin YP, Liu MY, et al. Mediation of enhanced transcription of the IL-10 gene in T cells, upon contact with human glioma cells, by Fas signaling through a protein kinase A-independent pathway. J Immunol. 2003;171(8):3947–54.PubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Fainardi E, Rizzo R, Castellazzi M, Stignani M, Granieri E, Baricordi OR. Potential role of soluble human leukocyte antigen-G molecules in multiple sclerosis. Hum Immunol. 2009;70(12):981–7.CrossRefPubMed Fainardi E, Rizzo R, Castellazzi M, Stignani M, Granieri E, Baricordi OR. Potential role of soluble human leukocyte antigen-G molecules in multiple sclerosis. Hum Immunol. 2009;70(12):981–7.CrossRefPubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Mapp CE, Ferrazzoni S, Rizzo R, Miotto D, Stignani M, Boschetto P, et al. Soluble human leukocyte antigen-G and interleukin-10 levels in isocyanate-induced asthma. Clin Exp Allergy. 2009;39(6):812–9.CrossRefPubMed Mapp CE, Ferrazzoni S, Rizzo R, Miotto D, Stignani M, Boschetto P, et al. Soluble human leukocyte antigen-G and interleukin-10 levels in isocyanate-induced asthma. Clin Exp Allergy. 2009;39(6):812–9.CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
sHLA-I Contamination, A Novel Mechanism to Explain Ex Vivo/In Vitro Modulation of IL-10 Synthesis and Release in CD8+ T Lymphocytes and in Neutrophils Following Intravenous Immunoglobulin Infusion
verfasst von
Massimo Ghio
Paola Contini
Maurizio Setti
Gianluca Ubezio
Clemente Mazzei
Gino Tripodi
Publikationsdatum
01.05.2010
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Journal of Clinical Immunology / Ausgabe 3/2010
Print ISSN: 0271-9142
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-2592
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-009-9364-y

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2010

Journal of Clinical Immunology 3/2010 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.