Introduction
Methods
Settings and microbiology
Episodes and definitions
Statistical analyses
Results
Description of the cohort
TTP median, h (IQR)a | p value | |
---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Female (104, 28%)b | 11.6 (9.6–13.0) | 0.34 |
Male (263, 72%) | 11.6 (9.9–14.3) | |
Age | ||
18–70 (112, 31%) | 11.7 (9.7–14.5) | 0.54 |
71–80 (135, 37%) | 11.7 (10.0–13.8) | |
81–96 (120, 33%) | 11.2 (9.7–13.8) | |
Charlson score | ||
0–2 (209, 60%) | 11.6 (10.0–14.1) | 0.15 |
3–4 (93, 25%) | 11.5 (9.4–13.4) | |
≥ 5 (65, 18%) | 12.3 (10.2–15.6) | |
Site of acquisition | ||
Community acquired (309, 84%) | 11.5 (9.6–13.9) | 0.043 |
Nosocomial (58, 16%) | 12.3 (10.7–14.3) | |
Focus of infection | ||
IE (55, 15%) | 9.4 (6.4–10.6) | < 0.001 |
Urinary tract (136, 37%) | 12.1 (10.6–14.4) | |
GI and biliary (29, %) | 12.4 (10.8–14.3) | |
Skin and soft tissue (28, 8%) | 12.1 (10.2–16.1) | |
Skeletal and joint (15, 4%) | 13.3 (11.5–20.7) | |
Other knownc (10, 3%) | 12.7 (9.7–15.4) | |
Unknown (94, 26%) | 11.7 (10.0–14.1) |
Time to positivity
Univariate analysis | Multivariable analysisc | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TTP ≤ 12h (n = 205) | TTP > 12h (n = 162) | p valueb | OR univariate | OR (95% CI) | |
Gender | |||||
Male (263, 72%) | 142 (69)a | 121 (75) | 0.25 | ref | ref |
Female (104, 28%) | 63 (31) | 41 (25) | 1.3 (0.82–2.1) | 1.6 (0.96–2.7) | |
Age | |||||
18–70 (112, 31%) | 60 (30) | 52 (32) | 0.29 | ref | ref |
71–80 (135, 37%) | 71 (35) | 64 (40) | 0.96 (0.58–1.6) | 1.1 (0.62–1.9) | |
81–96 (120, 33%) | 74 (36) | 46 (28) | 1.4 (0.83–2.4) | 1.5 (0.84–2.7) | |
Charlson score | |||||
0–2 (209, 57%) | 118 (58) | 91 (56) | 0.084 | ref | ref |
3–4 (93, 25%) | 58 (28) | 35 (22) | 1.3 (0.77–2.1) | 1.4 (0.84–2.5) | |
≥ 5 (65, 18%) | 29 (14) | 36 (22) | 0.62 (0.35–1.1) | 0.75 (0.41–1.4) | |
Site of acquisition | |||||
Community acquired (309, 84%) | 177 (86) | 132 (81) | 0.21 | ref | ref |
Nosocomial (58, 16%) | 28 (14) | 30 (19) | 0.70 (0.40–1.2) | 1.0 (0.55–1.9) | |
Site of infection | |||||
Urinary tract (136, 37%) | 68 (33) | 68 (42) | < 0.001 | ref | ref |
IE (55, 15%) | 51 (25) | 4 (2.5) | 12.8 (4.4–37) | 13.0 (4.4–38) | |
GI and biliary (29, 7.9%) | 12 (5.9) | 17 (11) | 0.71 (0.31–1.6) | 0.65 (0.27–1.5) | |
Skin and soft tissue (28, 7.6%) | 14 (6.8) | 14 (8.6) | 1.0 (0.44–2.3) | 0.96 (0.40–2.3) | |
Skeletal and joint (15, 4.1%) | 5 (2.4) | 10 (6.2) | 0.50 (0.16–1.5) | 0.96 (0.40–2.3) | |
Other known (10, 3.3%)d | 4 (2.0) | 6 (3.7) | 0.67 (0.18–2.5) | 0.57 (0.15–2.2) | |
Unknown (94, 26%) | 51 (25) | 43 (27) | 1.2 (0.70–2.0) | 1.1 (0.64–1.9) |
Infective endocarditis
IE (n = 55) | Non-IE (n = 312) | p valueb | OR | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | ||||
Male 263 (72) | 43 (78)a | 220 (71) | 0.25 | ref |
Female 104 (28) | 12 (22) | 92 (29) | 0.67 (0.34–1.3) | |
Age | ||||
18–70 112 (31) | 18 (33) | 94 (30) | 0.79 | ref |
71–80 135 (37) | 18 (33) | 117 (38) | 0.80 (0.40–1.6) | |
81–96 120 (33) | 19 (35) | 101 (32) | 0.99 (0.49–2.0) | |
Charlson score | ||||
0–2 209 (57) | 38 (69) | 171 (55) | 0.057 | ref |
3–4 93 (25) | 13 (24) | 80 (26) | 0.73 (0.37–1.5) | |
≥ 5 65 (18) | 4 (7.3) | 61 (20) | 0.30 (0.10–0.86) | |
Previous E. faecalis bacteremia | ||||
No 318 (87) | 37 (67) | 281 (90) | < 0.001 | ref |
Yes 49 (13) | 18 (33) | 31 (9.9) | 4.4 (2.2–8.7) | |
Site of acquisition | ||||
Community 309 (84) | 53 (96) | 256 (82) | 0.005 | ref |
Nosocomial 58 (16) | 2 (3.6) | 56 (18) | 0.17 (0.04–0.73) | |
Duration of symptoms ≥ 7 days | ||||
No 309 (84) | 10 (18) | 299 (96) | < 0.001 | ref |
Yes 58 (16) | 45 (82) | 13 (4.2) | 104 (43–250) | |
Embolisation | ||||
No 352 (96) | 40 (73) | 312 (100) | < 0.001 | NAc |
Yes 15 (4.1) | 15 (27) | 0 (0) | NA | |
Number of positive blood cultures ≥ 2 | ||||
No 126 (34) | 4 (7.3) | 122 (39) | < 0.001 | ref |
Yes 241 (66) | 51 (93) | 190 (61) | 8.2 (2.9–23) | |
Origin of infection | ||||
Known 189 (52) | 1 (1.8) | 188 (60) | < 0.001 | ref |
Unknown 178 (48) | 54 (98) | 124 (40) | 82 (11–600) | |
Valve disease | ||||
No 280 (76) | 17 (31) | 263 (84) | < 0.001 | ref |
Yes 87 (24) | 38 (69) | 49 (16) | 12 (6.3–23) | |
Auscultation of murmur | ||||
No 297 (81) | 10 (18) | 287 (92) | < 0.001 | ref |
Yes 70 (19) | 45 (82) | 25 (8.0) | 52 (23–110) | |
TTP | ||||
> 12 h 162 (44) | 4 (7.3) | 158 (51) | < 0.001 | ref |
≤ 12 h 205 (56) | 51 (93) | 154 (49) | 13 (4.6–37) |
Outcomes
Outcome | TTP median (IQR) | p value |
---|---|---|
30 day mortality (n = 41, 11%) | 11.0 (9.8–12.7) | 0.35 |
30 day survival (n = 326, 89%) | 11.7 (9.9–14.1) | |
Relapse of bacteremia (n = 44, 12%) | 10.8 (9.0–13.5) | 0.26 |
No relapse of bacteremia (n = 323 s, 88%) | 11.7 (10.0–14.1) |