Background
Methods
Study population
Echocardiography
Statistical analysis
Results
Variables | All patients (n = 300) | Significant FTR (n = 65) | Insignificant FTR (n = 235) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline characteristics | ||||
Age (years) | 68.8 ± 10.8 | 71.3 ± 10.3 | 68.1 ± 10.9 | 0.034 |
Female gender | 150 (50.0) | 45 (68.2) | 105 (44.7) | < 0.001 |
Non-paroxysmal AF | 196 (65.3) | 53 (81.5) | 143 (60.9) | 0.010 |
CHA2DS2-VASc score | 3.3 ± 1.7 | 3.6 ± 1.8 | 3.2 ± 1.7 | 0.103 |
Hypertension | 235 (78.3) | 50 (76.9) | 185 (79.1) | 0.710 |
Dyslipidemia | 153 (51.0) | 24 (36.9) | 129 (54.9) | 0.010 |
Diabetes mellitus | 105 (35.0) | 17 (26.2) | 88 (37.4) | 0.091 |
History of stroke | 88 (29.3) | 18 (28.1) | 70 (29.8) | 0.796 |
History of heart failure | 45 (15.0) | 11 (16.9) | 34 (14.5) | 0.624 |
Diuretics | 58 (19.3) | 20 (30.8) | 38 (16.2) | 0.020 |
Echocardiographic data | ||||
LVEF (%) | 65.3 ± 6.3 | 63.9 ± 6.3 | 65.7 ± 6.3 | 0.052 |
LVDdi (mm/m2) | 25.7 ± 4.2 | 26.7 ± 4.0 | 25.4 ± 4.2 | 0.025 |
LVSdi (mm/m2) | 16.4 ± 3.0 | 17.3 ± 3.2 | 16.3 ± 5.0 | 0.137 |
LAV index (ml/m2) | 49.0 ± 15.6 | 58.4 ± 17 | 46.5 ± 14.2 | < 0.001 |
TAPSE (mm) | 19.5 ± 3.1 | 18.7 ± 2.7 | 19.7 ± 3.1 | 0.016 |
S’TV (cm/s) | 11.4 ± 2.2 | 11.3 ± 2.5 | 12.1 ± 6.9 | 0.431 |
RAP (mmHg) | 7.6 ± 3.4 | 9.2 ± 4.2 | 7.2 ± 3.0 | < 0.001 |
Mean PAP (mmHg) | 23.7 ± 7.2 | 26.8 ± 8.2 | 22.7 ± 6.5 | 0.002 |
PASP (mmHg) | 38.3 ± 11.5 | 45.0 ± 14.7 | 36.3 ± 9.5 | < 0.001 |
Outcomes | ||||
Death and heart failure | 57 (19.0) | 29 (44.6) | 28 (11.9) | < 0.001 |
Heart failure visit | 39 (13.0) | 24 (36.9) | 15 (6.4) | < 0.001 |
Heart failure hospitalization | 20 (6.7) | 9 (13.8) | 11 (4.7) | 0.020 |
Death | 26 (8.7) | 8 (12.3) | 18 (7.7) | 0.240 |
Patient characteristics
Echocardiographic data
Outcomes
Comparisons between patients with significant and insignificant tricuspid regurgitation
Comparisons between patients with and without adverse outcomes
Variables | Adverse outcomes (n = 57) | No adverse outcomes (n = 243) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Baseline characteristics | |||
Age (year) | 71.8 ± 10.4 | 68.1 ± 10.9 | 0.019 |
Female gender | 42 (73.7) | 108 (44.4) | < 0.001 |
Non-paroxysmal AF | 42 (73.7) | 154 (63.4) | 0.192 |
CHA2DS2-VASc score | 4.3 ± 1.9 | 3.0 ± 1.6 | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 49 (86.0) | 186 (76.9) | 0.132 |
Dyslipidemia | 26 (45.6) | 127 (52.3) | 0.366 |
Diabetes mellitus | 25 (43.9) | 80 (32.9) | 0.119 |
History of stroke | 27 (48.2) | 61 (25.1) | 0.001 |
History of heart failure | 15 (26.3) | 30 (12.3) | 0.008 |
Diuretics | 25 (43.9) | 33 (13.6) | < 0.001 |
Echocardiographic data | |||
Significant FTR | 29 (50.9) | 36 (14.8) | < 0.001 |
LVEF (%) | 65.6 ± 7.5 | 65.2 ± 6.0 | 0.635 |
LVDdi (mm/m2) | 25.7 ± 5.9 | 25.7 ± 3.7 | 0.994 |
LVSdi (mm/m2) | 16.5 ± 3.6 | 16.5 ± 4.9 | 0.876 |
LAV index (ml/m2) | 54.0 ± 16.2 | 47.9 ± 15.3 | 0.008 |
TAPSE (mm) | 18.6 ± 2.9 | 19.7 ± 3.1 | 0.027 |
S’TV (cm/s) | 13.5 ± 13.4 | 11.5 ± 2.2 | 0.073 |
Impaired RV systolic function | 15 (26.3) | 29 (11.9) | 0.006 |
RAP (mmHg) | 8.6 ± 3.9 | 7.4 ± 3.2 | 0.015 |
Mean PAP (mmHg) | 27.2 ± 8.5 | 22.8 ± 6.5 | < 0.001 |
PASP (mmHg) | 42.9 ± 13.3 | 37.1 ± 10.8 | 0.001 |
Pulmonary hypertension | 28 (49.1) | 64 (26.3) | 0.001 |
Predictors of significant tricuspid regurgitation
Factors | Univariate analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95%CI | P-value | OR | 95%CI | P-value | |
Age | 1.03 | 1.00–1.06 | 0.035 | |||
Female gender | 2.78 | 1.56–5.00 | 0.001 | 2.61 | 1.40–4.88 | 0.003 |
Non-paroxysmal AF | 2.84 | 1.44–5.60 | 0.003 | |||
LAV index | 1.05 | 1.03–1.07 | < 0.001 | 1.04 | 1.01–1.06 | < 0.010 |
Impaired RV systolic function | 2.41 | 2.21–4.80 | 0.010 | |||
Pulmonary hypertension | 2.73 | 1.5–4.82 | 0.001 | 1.87 | 1.01–3.46 | 0.046 |
Predictors of adverse outcomes
Factors | Univariate analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | 95%CI | P-value | HR | 95%CI | P-value | |
Age | 1.03 | 1.01–1.06 | 0.013 | |||
Female gender | 3.53 | 1.94–6.42 | < 0.001 | |||
CHA2DS2-VASc score | 1.50 | 1.29–1.75 | < 0.001 | 1.47 | 1.25–1.73 | < 0.001 |
History of stroke | 2.49 | 1.47–4.19 | 0.001 | |||
History of heart failure | 2.04 | 1.13–3.68 | 0.019 | |||
Diuretics | 3.56 | 2.11–6.02 | < 0.001 | 2.29 | 1.34–3.92 | 0.003 |
LAV index | 1.02 | 1.01–1.03 | 0.005 | |||
Significant FTR | 4.78 | 2.84–8.05 | < 0.001 | 3.62 | 2.11–6.21 | < 0.001 |
Impaired RV systolic function | 2.20 | 1.22–3.98 | 0.009 | |||
Pulmonary hypertension | 2.68 | 1.59–4.51 | < 0.001 | 2.10 | 1.22–3.60 | 0.007 |
Parameters | Univariate analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | 95%CI | P-value | HR | 95%CI | P-value | |
Female gender | 4.04 | 1.89–8.63 | < 0.001 | 2.41 | 1.12–5.22 | 0.025 |
CHA2DS2-VASc score | 1.32 | 1.10–1.58 | 0.003 | |||
History of stroke | 2.02 | 1.07–3.82 | 0.030 | 2.05 | 1.06–4.0 | 0.034 |
History of heart failure | 2.87 | 1.47–5.61 | 0.002 | |||
Diuretics | 5.86 | 3.11–11.07 | < 0.001 | 3.32 | 1.71–6.46 | < 0.001 |
LAV index | 1.03 | 1.01–1.04 | < 0.001 | |||
Significant FTR | 7.08 | 3.70–13.54 | < 0.001 | 4.59 | 2.33–9.05 | < 0.001 |
Impaired RV systolic function | 2.75 | 1.39–5.44 | 0.004 | |||
Pulmonary hypertension | 3.87 | 2.04–7.37 | < 0.001 | 2.44 | 1.25–4.79 | 0.009 |