Background
Methods
Sampling procedure at baseline examination 2003–2004
Investigated measurements at baseline examination
10-year follow-up evaluation
Endpoints at follow-up
Bioethics
Statistical analysis
Results
Baseline characteristics by smoking among ACS patients
Quartiles of pack-years | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline factors
| 1st
| 2nd
| 3rd
| 4th
|
p
|
0 | <30 | 30-60 | >60 | ||
(n = 732) | (n = 451) | (n = 551) | (n = 438) | ||
Age (years),mean(SD) | 72.0(11.4) | 63.0(13.1) | 62.7(13.0) | 64.0(11.8) | <0.001† |
Men, % | 43 | 88 | 95 | 93 | <0.001 |
Years of school, mean(SD) | 6.4(4.1) | 8.7(4.4) | 8.2(4.2) | 8.3(4.3) | <0.001†† |
Low/moderate financial status, % | 72 | 62 | 69 | 65 | 0.01 |
MedDietScore (0–55), mean(SD) | 28.6(5.4) | 28.6(5.7) | 28.4(5.5) | 27.7(6.0) | 0.02 |
Physical activity, % | 31 | 46 | 41 | 42 | <0.001 |
Obesity, % | 27.5 | 27.4 | 27.7 | 27.7 | 0.53 |
Alcohol consumption% | 11 | 32 | 31 | 31 | <0.001 |
Cups of coffee/day | 0.67 | 0.86 | 1.06 | 1.29 | <0.001 |
History of hypertension, yes % | 65 | 48 | 45 | 51 | <0.001 |
History of diabetes, yes % | 36 | 33 | 27 | 29 | 0.01 |
History of hypercholesterolemia, yes % | 44 | 47 | 45 | 49 | 0.45 |
Family history of CVD, yes % | 33 | 37 | 37 | 42 | 0.01 |
History of CVD (prior to baseline event), yes % | 60 | 56 | 59 | 58 | 0.55 |
10-year follow-up data
| |||||
ACS fatal events, % | 12.1 | 16.0*
| 15.2*
| 19.1*
| 0.01┴
|
ACS events overall, % | 36.1 | 33.0 | 41.0*
| 45.0*
| 0.001┴
|
Fatal or non-fatal ACS events during the 10-year (2004–2014) of follow-up, by smoking among ACS patients
Models for any ACS event | Hazard Ratio | 95 % CI |
p
| Model adjusted for: |
---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1: per 30 cigarette pack/years | 1.13 | 1.03,1.30 | 0.001 |
Age, gender
|
Model 2: per 30 cigarette pack/years | 1.09 | 1.03,1.30 | 0.01 |
Age, gender, obesity, MedDietScore, physical activity
|
Model 3: per 30 cigarette pack/years | 1.06 | 1.03,1.30 | 0.09 |
Model 2 plus history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and family history of CVD
|
Model for fatal ACS events: per 30 cigarette pack/years | 1.08 | 1.03, 1.63 | 0.06 |
Factors used in Model 3
|
Models for any ACS event
| Hazard Ratio | 95 % CI |
p
|
---|---|---|---|
Exposed vs. non-exposed | 1.33 | 1.12, 1.60 | 0.01 |
Exposed at workplace vs. non-exposed | 0.96 | 0.78, 1.20 | 0.69 |
Exposed at home vs. non-exposed | 1.13 | 0.89, 1.43 | 0.30 |
Models for fatal ACS event
| |||
Exposed vs. non-exposed | 1.27 | 1.01, 1.60 | 0.05 |
Exposed at workplace vs. non-exposed | 0.87 | 0.66, 1.14 | 0.31 |
Exposed at home vs. non-exposed | 1.21 | 0.99, 1.70 | 0.25 |