Background
Methods
Participants
Procedure
Measures
Socio-demographics
Social Capital Questionnaire-Greek version (SCQ-G)
Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS)
Statistical analysis
Results
Socio-demographic characteristics
Total Social Capital | Total Job Satisfaction | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
High | Medium | Low | Satisfaction | Ambivalence | Dissatisfaction | |||
N
| % |
N (%) |
N (%) |
N (%) |
N (%) |
N (%) |
N (%) | |
Gender | ||||||||
Women | 153 | 64 | 35 (22.9) | 71 (46.4) | 47 (30.7) | 30 (19.6) | 96 (62.7) | 27 (17.6) |
Men | 86 | 36 | 30 (34.9) | 42 (48.8) | 14 (16.3) | 22 (25.6) | 51 (59.3) | 13 (15.1) |
Age (years) | ||||||||
25–29 | 3 | 1.3 | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) |
30–34 | 20 | 8.4 | 5 (25.0) | 10 (50.0) | 5 (25.0) | 5 (25.0) | 13 (65.0) | 2 (10.0) |
35–39 | 82 | 34.3 | 15 (18.3) | 41 (50.0) | 26 (31.7) | 21 (25.6) | 45 (54.9) | 16 (19.5) |
40–49 | 108 | 45.2 | 28 (25.9) | 53 (49.1) | 27 (25.0) | 16 (14.8) | 74 (68.5) | 18 (16.7) |
> 50 | 26 | 10.9 | 16 (61.5) | 7 (26.9) | 3 (11.5) | 10 (38.5) | 12 (46.2) | 4 (15.4) |
Family status | ||||||||
Unmarried | 66 | 27.6 | 21 (31.8) | 29 (43.9) | 16 (24.2) | 14 (21.2) | 44 (66.7) | 8 (12.1) |
Married | 160 | 66.9 | 41 (25.6) | 77 (48.1) | 42 (26.2) | 37 (23.1) | 95 (59.4) | 28 (17.5) |
Divorced | 9 | 3.8 | 2 (22.2) | 5 (55.6) | 2 (22.2) | 1 (11.1) | 6 (66.7) | 2 (22.2) |
Widowed | 4 | 1.7 | 1 (25.0) | 2 (50.0) | 1 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (50.0) | 2 (50.0) |
Place of Residence | ||||||||
Athens | 114 | 47.7 | 19 (16.7) | 48 (42.1) | 47 (41.2) | 16 (14.0) | 72 (63.2) | 26 (22.8) |
Thessaloniki | 58 | 24.3 | 19 (32.8) | 34 (58.6) | 5 (8.6) | 23 (39.7) | 32 (55.2) | 3 (5.2) |
Other City | 67 | 28 | 27 (40.3) | 31 (46.3) | 9 (13.4) | 13 (19.4) | 43 (64.2) | 11 (16.4) |
Educational level | ||||||||
Post-graduate studies | 91 | 38.1 | 22 (24.2) | 44 (48.4) | 25 (27.5) | 17 (18.7) | 53 (58.2) | 21 (23.1) |
University | 85 | 35.6 | 19 (22.4) | 46 (54.1) | 20 (23.5) | 21 (24.7) | 57 (67.1) | 7 (8.2) |
Technological Institution | 23 | 9.6 | 9 (39.1) | 9 (39.1) | 5 (21.7) | 5 (21.7) | 16 (69.6) | 2 (8.7) |
2 year Post Secondary | 11 | 4.6 | 3 (27.3) | 4 (36.4) | 4 (36.4) | 2 (18.2) | 6 (54.5) | 3 (27.3) |
Upper Secondary | 23 | 9.6 | 9 (39.1) | 9 (39.1) | 5 (21.7) | 4 (17.4) | 13 (56.5) | 6 (21.6) |
Low Secondary | 6 | 2.5 | 3 (50.0) | 1 (16.7) | 2 (33.3) | 3 (50.0) | 2 (33.3) | 1 (16.7) |
Specialty | ||||||||
Administrative staff | 48 | 20.1 | 14 (29.2) | 20 (41.7) | 14 (29.2) | 12 (25.0) | 31 (64.6) | 5 (10.4) |
Therapeutic staff | 134 | 56.1 | 36 (26.9) | 67 (50.0) | 31 (23.1) | 26 (19.4) | 84 (62.7) | 24 (17.9) |
Research staff | 29 | 12.1 | 3 (10.3) | 14 (48.3) | 12 (41.4) | 5 (17.2) | 16 (55.2) | 8 (27.6) |
Part-time Trainers | 18 | 7.5 | 8 (44.4) | 10 (55.6) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (33.3) | 11 (61.1) | 1 (5.6) |
Other Staff | 10 | 4.2 | 4 (40.0) | 2 (20.0) | 4 (40.0) | 3 (30.0) | 5 (50.0) | 2 (20.0) |
Professional Experience | ||||||||
0–5 years | 29 | 12.1 | 8 (27.6) | 15 (51.7) | 6 (20.7) | 9 (31.0) | 16 (55.2) | 4 (13.8) |
6–10 years | 67 | 28 | 13 (19.4) | 37 (55.2) | 17 (25.4) | 13 (19.4) | 43 (64.2) | 11 (16.4) |
11–15 years | 89 | 37.2 | 20 (22.5) | 40 (44.9) | 29 (32.6) | 18 (20.2) | 57 (64.0) | 14 (15.7) |
16–20 years | 33 | 13.8 | 10 (30.3) | 17 (51.5) | 6 (18.2) | 5 (15.2) | 20 (60.6) | 8 (24.2) |
20–25 years | 17 | 7.1 | 10 (58.8) | 4 (23.5) | 3 (17.6) | 4 (23.5) | 10 (58.8) | 3 (17.6) |
> 26 years | 4 | 1.7 | 4 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (75.0) | 1 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Monthly Salary | ||||||||
< 500€ | 18 | 7,5 | 8 (44.4) | 10 (55.6) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (33.3) | 11 (61.1) | 1 (5.6) |
501–800€ | 17 | 7,1 | 4 (23.5) | 7 (41.2) | 6 (35.3) | 4 (23.5) | 8 (47.1) | 5 (29.4) |
801–1000€ | 65 | 27,2 | 15 (23.1) | 32 (49.2) | 18 (27.7) | 16 (24.6) | 38 (58.5) | 11 (16.9) |
1001-1300€ | 105 | 43,9 | 28 (26.7) | 49 (46.7) | 28 (26.7) | 15 (14.3) | 70 (66.7) | 20 (19.0) |
1301–1600€ | 26 | 10,9 | 6 (23.1) | 13 (50.0) | 7 (26.9) | 10 (38.5) | 14 (53.8) | 2 (7.7) |
> 1601€ | 8 | 3,3 | 4 (50.0) | 2 (25.0) | 2 (25.0) | 1 (12.5) | 6 (75.0) | 1 (12.5) |
Social Capital
Social Capital | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Range | |
Participation in the Community | 23.00 | 5.364 | 12–48 |
Value of Life and Social Agency | 35.08 | 3.909 | 12–48 |
Feelings of Safety | 5.82 | 1.151 | 2–8 |
Tolerance of Diversity | 5.34 | 1.309 | 2–8 |
Work Connections | 11.44 | 1.793 | 4–16 |
Total Social Capital | 90.79 | 10.807 | 36–144 |
Social Capital Scale (Greek-Version) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Participation in the Community | Value of Life and Social Agency | Feelings of Safety | Tolerance of Diversity | Work Connections | Total Social Capital | |||||||
Mean |
p
| Mean |
p
| Mean |
p
| Mean |
p
| Mean |
p
| Mean |
p
| |
Gender | .002 | .348 | .017 | .931 | .002 | .003 | ||||||
Women | 22.16 | 34.90 | 5.69 | 5.33 | 11.18 | 89.21 | ||||||
Men | 24.51 | 35.38 | 6.06 | 5.35 | 11.90 | 93.62 | ||||||
Age (years) | <.001 | .229 | .074 | .646 | .290 | <.001 | ||||||
25–29 | 23.67 | 36.33 | 4.33 | 6.33 | 12.67 | 95.33 | ||||||
30–34 | 21.40 | 35.55 | 5.65 | 5.40 | 11.60 | 89.85 | ||||||
35–39 | 21.34 | 34.76 | 5.76 | 5.26 | 11.38 | 88.37 | ||||||
40–49 | 23.36 | 34.82 | 5.85 | 5.32 | 11.29 | 90.59 | ||||||
> 50 | 27.92 | 36.62 | 6.19 | 5.50 | 12.00 | 99.50 | ||||||
Place of Residence | <.001 | <.001 | .029 | .546 | .012 | <.001 | ||||||
Athens | 21.42 | 33.68 | 5.61 | 5.25 | 11.08 | 86.90 | ||||||
Thessaloniki | 24.41 | 36.12 | 5.98 | 5.47 | 11.79 | 94.03 | ||||||
Other (Smaller) City | 24.48 | 36.54 | 6.03 | 5.39 | 11.75 | 94.61 | ||||||
Educational level | .050 | .578 | .603 | .247 | .007 | .115 | ||||||
Post-graduate studies | 22.67 | 35.05 | 5.91 | 5.34 | 11.15 | 90.27 | ||||||
University graduate | 22.74 | 34.95 | 5.67 | 5.12 | 11.62 | 90.00 | ||||||
Technological Institution | 24.91 | 34.91 | 5.91 | 5.74 | 11.04 | 92.91 | ||||||
2 year Post-Secondary | 22.82 | 33.82 | 5.55 | 5.55 | 10.73 | 88.64 | ||||||
Upper Secondary | 22.00 | 35.83 | 5.96 | 5.70 | 12.17 | 91.74 | ||||||
Low Secondary | 28.67 | 37.17 | 6.17 | 5.17 | 13.17 | 102.17 | ||||||
Professional Experience | <.001 | .119 | .562 | .029 | .772 | <.001 | ||||||
0–5 years | 22.14 | 35.17 | 5.66 | 5.62 | 11.34 | 90.52 | ||||||
6–10 years | 21.52 | 35.24 | 5.76 | 5.43 | 11.48 | 89.27 | ||||||
11–15 years | 22.43 | 34.39 | 5.78 | 4.98 | 11.29 | 88.73 | ||||||
16–20 years | 25.21 | 35.24 | 6.00 | 5.76 | 11.52 | 94.15 | ||||||
20–25 years | 26.82 | 36.76 | 6.24 | 5.53 | 12.00 | 98.00 | ||||||
> 26 years | 32.50 | 38.25 | 5.75 | 5.50 | 11.75 | 106.00 |
Job Satisfaction
Job Satisfaction | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Range | Satisfaction
N (%) | Ambivalence
N (%) | Dissatisfaction
N (%) | |
Pay | 9.50 | 3.61 | 4–24 | 12 (5) | 43 (18) | 184 (77) |
Promotion | 10.11 | 3.89 | 4–24 | 19 (7.9) | 53 (22.2) | 167 (69.9) |
Supervision | 18.56 | 4.59 | 4–24 | 186 (77.8) | 26 (10.9) | 27 (11.3) |
Fringe Benefits | 11.58 | 4.56 | 4–24 | 51 (21.3) | 44 (18.4) | 144 (60.3) |
Contingent Rewards | 13.99 | 4.11 | 4–24 | 93 (38.9) | 63 (26.4) | 83 (34.7) |
Coworkers | 18.09 | 3.32 | 4–24 | 193 (80.8) | 33 (13.8) | 13 (5.4) |
Nature of Work | 18.78 | 3.29 | 4–24 | 205 (85,8) | 23 (9.6) | 11 (4.6) |
Communication | 14.56 | 4.300 | 4–24 | 99 (41.4) | 68 (28.5) | 72 (30.1) |
Total Job Satisfaction | 128.26 | 20.54 | 36–216 | 52 (21.8) | 147 (61.5) | 40 (16.7) |
Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pay | Promotion | Supervision | Fringe Benefits | Contingent Rewards | Coworkers | Nature of Work | Communication | Total Job Satisfaction | ||||||||||
Mean |
p
| Mean |
p
| Mean |
p
| Mean |
p
| Mean |
p
| Mean |
p
| Mean |
p
| Mean |
P
| Mean |
p
| |
Place of Residence | .068 | .039 | <.001 | .768 | <.001 | .017 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | |||||||||
Athens | 8.99 | 9.47 | 17.89 | 11.54 | 12.99 | 18.01 | 17.93 | 13.85 | 123.32 | |||||||||
Thessaloniki | 9.62 | 10.98 | 20.59 | 11.93 | 15.55 | 19.07 | 20.29 | 16.48 | 138.43 | |||||||||
Other (Smaller) City | 10.27 | 10.45 | 17.94 | 11.34 | 14.34 | 17.39 | 18.91 | 14.09 | 127.88 | |||||||||
Educational level | .005 | .042 | .043 | .826 | .169 | .384 | .019 | .974 | .175 | |||||||||
Post-graduate studies | 9.53 | 9.12 | 17.57 | 11.31 | 13.45 | 17.76 | 17.87 | 14.29 | 124.22 | |||||||||
University | 9.75 | 10.91 | 19.02 | 12.01 | 14.87 | 18.38 | 19.31 | 14.75 | 132.32 | |||||||||
Technological Institution | 10.96 | 11.22 | 19.30 | 11.61 | 14.26 | 17.61 | 18.83 | 14.78 | 131.35 | |||||||||
2 year Post-Secondary | 9.45 | 9.91 | 16.91 | 12.27 | 14.09 | 17.18 | 19.09 | 14.18 | 125.27 | |||||||||
Upper Secondary | 6.87 | 10.00 | 20.39 | 11.09 | 12.87 | 19.13 | 19.70 | 14.91 | 127.30 | |||||||||
Low Secondary | 10.17 | 10.50 | 20.00 | 10.17 | 12.83 | 18.67 | 20.83 | 14.33 | 129.50 | |||||||||
Specialty | <.001 | .111 | .091 | .001 | .998 | .005 | .001 | .344 | .815 | |||||||||
Administrative staff | 11.04 | 10.08 | 17.90 | 13.15 | 13.96 | 18.08 | 17.98 | 14.54 | 129.92 | |||||||||
Therapeutic staff | 9.13 | 10.55 | 18.51 | 11.25 | 13.98 | 17.77 | 18.95 | 14.28 | 127.37 | |||||||||
Research staff | 10.03 | 9.38 | 17.86 | 12.52 | 14.00 | 17.59 | 17.48 | 14.83 | 126.45 | |||||||||
Part-time Trainers | 6.94 | 8.11 | 21.11 | 7.94 | 14.28 | 20.78 | 21.28 | 16.50 | 132.22 | |||||||||
Other Staff | 10.20 | 10.10 | 19.80 | 12.30 | 13.80 | 19.10 | 19.60 | 14.00 | 130.50 | |||||||||
Professional Experience | .022 | .647 | .001 | .145 | .161 | .119 | .081 | .063 | .063 | |||||||||
0–5 years | 10.03 | 9.69 | 19.93 | 11.03 | 15.38 | 18.21 | 19.79 | 16.31 | 134.66 | |||||||||
6–10 years | 8.61 | 9.79 | 19.31 | 10.60 | 14.22 | 18.64 | 18.61 | 14.79 | 127.93 | |||||||||
11–15 years | 9.29 | 10.35 | 18.79 | 11.98 | 13.44 | 18.08 | 18.24 | 14.07 | 126.92 | |||||||||
16–20 years | 10.06 | 9.91 | 16.06 | 11.76 | 13.42 | 17.48 | 19.18 | 13.64 | 124.18 | |||||||||
20–25 years | 11.65 | 10.65 | 16.35 | 13.35 | 14.00 | 16.47 | 19.00 | 14.18 | 128.53 | |||||||||
> 26 years | 11.50 | 12.75 | 20.75 | 14.25 | 17.00 | 20.25 | 22.00 | 18.00 | 150.00 | |||||||||
Monthly Salary | <.001 | .133 | <.001 | <.001 | .307 | <.001 | ,004 | .029 | .037 | |||||||||
< 500€ | 6.94 | 8.11 | 21.11 | 7.94 | 14.28 | 20.78 | 21.28 | 16.50 | 132.22 | |||||||||
501–800€ | 7.29 | 9.29 | 19.65 | 9.59 | 13.12 | 17.12 | 19.18 | 15.06 | 123.71 | |||||||||
801–1000€ | 9.40 | 10.12 | 20.00 | 11.45 | 14.18 | 18.95 | 18.92 | 15.14 | 131.85 | |||||||||
1001–1300€ | 9.65 | 10.23 | 17.54 | 11.86 | 13.72 | 17.49 | 18.12 | 13.59 | 124.58 | |||||||||
1301–1600€ | 11.88 | 11.35 | 18.00 | 13.92 | 15.46 | 18.04 | 19.46 | 15.62 | 136.38 | |||||||||
> 1601€ | 11.12 | 10.75 | 13.88 | 13.88 | 12.38 | 15.25 | 17.50 | 13.63 | 121.87 |
Relationship between Social Capital and Job Satisfaction
Job Satisfaction (JSS) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Social Capital (SCQ-G) | Pay | Promotion | Supervision | Fringe Benefits | Contingent Rewards | Coworkers | Nature of Work | Communication | Total Job Satisfaction |
Participation in the Community | .159*
| .210*
| -.034 | .087 | .087 | -.007 | .219*
| -.012 | .123 |
Value of Life and Social Agency | .095 | .062 | .077 | -.065 | .173*
| .098 | .295*
| .147*
| .175*
|
Feelings of Safety | -.043 | .058 | .053 | -.050 | .065 | .077 | .143*
| .145*
| .108 |
Tolerance of Diversity | .075 | .067 | -.031 | -.037 | .017 | .046 | .100 | -.004 | .033 |
Work Connections | .007 | .158*
| .275*
| -.023 | .094 | .296*
| .403*
| .218*
| .270*
|
Total Social Capital | .124 | .191*
| .063 | -.001 | .139*
| .101 | .329*
| .118 | .200*
|