Background
Recovery capital, social networks and identity
Method
Participants
Materials
Demographics questionnaire
World Health Organisation Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (WHO ASSIST 3.0) [31]
Assessment of Recovery Capital scale (ARC) [32]
World Health Organisation Quality of Life – BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) [33]
Social identity map
Exeter Identity Transition Scales (ExITS) [36]
Past and current group memberships
Procedure
Study design and analysis
Results
Demographic information
Employment, education and accommodation
Substance use, treatment experience and wellbeing
Social networks
Recovery capital and quality of life
Variable | Current Study Mean (SD) | Possible Range | Mixed Treatment and Recovery Mean (SD)a
| Recovery Only Mean (SD)b
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Social | 14.30 (5.71) | 0–25 | 14.63 (−)c
| 20.70 (4.40)*
|
Substance Use & Sobriety | 2.50 (1.50) | 0–5 | 2.58 (1.43) |
NR
|
Community Involvement | 2.80 (1.32) | 0–5 | 3.10 (1.70) |
NR
|
Social Support | 3.05 (1.70) | 0–5 | 2.93 (1.67) |
NR
|
Housing and Safety | 3.15 (1.42) | 0–5 | 2.87 (1.59) |
NR
|
Meaningful Activities | 2.80 (1.54) | 0–5 | 3.15 (1.47) |
NR
|
Personal | 15.80 (6.10) | 0–25 | 16.62 (−)c
| 21.40 (3.40)*
|
Psychological Health | 3.00 (1.30) | 0–5 | 3.44 (1.38) |
NR
|
Physical Health | 3.10 (1.77) | 0–5 | 3.24 (1.60) |
NR
|
Risk Taking | 3.15 (1.27) | 0–5 | 2.98 (1.33) |
NR
|
Coping and Functioning | 2.75 (2.05) | 0–5 | 3.31 (1.58) |
NR
|
Recovery Experience | 3.80 (1.15) | 0–5 | 3.65 (1.63) |
NR
|
Total | 30.10 (11.42) | 0–50 | 31.25 (11.54) | 42.10 (8.00)*
|
Domain | Current Study Mean (±SD) | Possible Range | Early Recoverya Mean (±SD) | Normative Datab Mean (±SD) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Psychological | 46.79 (18.89) | 0–100 | 65.24 (13.44)**
| 71.4 (17.5)**
|
Physical | 61.25 (19.78) | 0–100 | 72.92 (17.01)*
| 85.4 (10.9)**
|
Social relations | 51.16 (24.56) | 0–100 | 62.26 (20.44)†
| 72.9 (18.8)**
|
Environment | 57.81 (21.18) | 0–100 | 68.70 (15.81)*
| 74.3 (14.0)**
|
Associations between social network groups, recovery capital, and quality of life group substance use, group identification and importance
ARC | WHOQOL-BREF | Social Network | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Personal | Social | Physical | Psych | Social | Enviro | Group substance use | Non-using groups identification | Heavy using groups identification | Non-using groups importance |
ARC | ||||||||||
Personal | – | |||||||||
Social | .87***
| – | ||||||||
WHOQOL-BREF | ||||||||||
Physical | .74***
| .54**
| – | |||||||
Psychological | .62**
| .52*
| .61** | – | ||||||
Social | .39†
| .52*
| .24 | .68***
| – | |||||
Environmental | .58**
| .72***
| .49*
| .46*
| .41†
| – | ||||
Social Network | ||||||||||
Groups substance use status | -.50*
| -.47*
| -.39 | -.10 | .02 | -.44†
| – | |||
Non-using groups identification | .37 | .44†
| .24 | .03 | .05 | .53*
| -.81***
| – | ||
Heavy-using groups identification | -.32 | -.29 | -.25 | -.08 | -.14 | -.38 | .66**
| -.41 | – | |
Non-using groups importance | .33 | .38†
| .26 | -.07 | -.08 | .48*
| -.88***
| .94***
| -.44†
| – |
Heavy-using groups importance | -.43†
| -.39†
| -.38†
| -.10 | -.08 | -.47*
| .67**
| -.42†
| .90***
| -.47*
|