Background
Methods
Study data and sampling
Measures
Statistical analysis
Results
Polygamy and characteristics of the study participants
Age (years) | Totala | % | 95% CI | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
25 to 49 | 961 | 4.0 | 2.0–7.9 | 0.001 |
50+ | 476 | 14.6 | 9.3–22.2 | |
Race group | ||||
Black African | 750 | 10.7 | 7.2–15.5 | 0.053 |
Other | 686 | 3.0 | 0.8–11.1 | |
Education level | ||||
No education | 208 | 22.7 | 13.9–34.8 | < 0.001 |
Primary | 611 | 7.2 | 4.4–11.3 | |
Secondary | 456 | 2.6 | 0.7–9.5 | |
Tertiary | 155 | 0.5 | 0.1–2.9 | |
Employment status | ||||
Not Employed | 960 | 8.9 | 5.8–13.3 | 0.465 |
Employed | 442 | 5.9 | 2.1–15.7 | |
Household Vulnerability indicator | ||||
Not enough money for basic things like food and clothes | 521 | 14.2 | 9.3–21.1 | 0.005 |
Have money for food and clothes, short on many other things | 485 | 6.3 | 2.6–14.6 | |
We have most of the important things, but few luxury goods | 310 | 2.1 | 1.0–4.7 | |
Some money for extra things as holidays and luxury goods | 104 | |||
Type of religion | ||||
Christian religion | 1032 | 7.8 | 5.0–12.0 | 0.247 |
Other religion | 303 | 3.9 | 1.2–11.6 | |
Importance of religion | ||||
Not important at all | 21 | 18.5 | 2.7–65.0 | 0.538 |
Slightly important | 24 | 6.1 | 1.4–22.9 | |
Somewhat important | 28 | 17.9 | 3.2–58.9 | |
Important | 214 | 5.7 | 2.5–12.5 | |
Very important | 1133 | 8.6 | 5.5–13.1 | |
Locality type | ||||
Urban Formal | 931 | 4.2 | 2.1–8.5 | 0.083 |
Urban Informal | 109 | 12.0 | 3.9–31.3 | |
Rural informal | 326 | 13.2 | 8.0–20.9 | |
Rural Formal | 71 | 11.9 | 2.5–41.2 |
Totala | % | 95% CI | p-values | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number of sexual partners in the last 12 month? | ||||
2+ partners | 15 | 24.0 | 3.9–71.1 | 0.021 |
1 partner | 1075 | 4.5 | 2.5–8.0 | |
Condom use last sex | ||||
No | 286 | 7.2 | 2.0–23.3 | 0.737 |
Yes | 142 | 9.1 | 3.7–20.8 | |
Age mixing | ||||
Partners five years and older | 379 | 7.7 | 3.4–16.6 | 0.003 |
Partners five years younger | 40 | 1.0 | 0.1–7.0 | |
Partners within 5 year | 563 | 2.4 | 1.1–4.8 | |
Self-perceived risk of HIV infection | ||||
No | 1008 | 8.5 | 5.5–12.9 | 0.895 |
Yes | 414 | 8.0 | 3.9–15.9 | |
Ever tested for HIV? | ||||
No | 1015 | 10.1 | 6.7–14.7 | 0.003 |
Yes | 412 | 3.3 | 1.5–6.9 | |
Awareness of HIV status? | ||||
No | 1054 | 9.8 | 6.6–14.4 | 0.008 |
Yes | 370 | 3.6 | 1.6–7.5 | |
HIV status | ||||
Positive | 110 | 8.9 | 3.4–21.4 | 0.985 |
Negative | 1100 | 8.8 | 5.7–13.3 |
Factors associated with polygamy
Variables | OR | 95% CI | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | ||||
25 to 49 | 1 | |||
50+ | 0.25 | 0.10 | 0.59 | 0.002 |
Race groups | ||||
Black African | 1 | |||
Other | 0.26 | 0.06 | 1.12 | 0.070 |
Education level | ||||
No education | 1 | |||
Primary | 0.26 | 0.12 | 0.57 | 0.001 |
Secondary | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.41 | 0.002 |
Tertiary | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.11 | < 0.001 |
Employment status | ||||
Not employed | 1 | |||
Employed | 0.65 | 0.20 | 2.10 | 0.468 |
Household vulnerability indicator | ||||
Not enough money for basic things like food and clothes | 1 | |||
Have money for food and clothes, short on many other things | 0.41 | 0.14 | 1.14 | 0.087 |
We have most of the important things, but few luxury goods | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.34 | < 0.001 |
Some money for extra things as holidays and luxury goods | ||||
Type of religion | ||||
Christian religion | 1 | |||
Other religion | 0.48 | 0.13 | 1.71 | 0.257 |
Number of sexual partners in the last 12 months | ||||
One partner | 1 | |||
Two or more partners | 6.66 | 1.05 | 42.08 | 0.044 |
Condom use last sex act | ||||
No | 1 | |||
Yes | 1.28 | 0.30 | 5.42 | 0.737 |
Age mixing | ||||
Partner five years and older | 1 | |||
Partner five years younger | 0.12 | 0.01 | 1.08 | 0.059 |
Partner within 5 years | 0.29 | 0.12 | 0.71 | 0.007 |
HIV risk perception | ||||
No | 1 | |||
Yes | 0.94 | 0.40 | 2.24 | 0.895 |
Ever tested for HIV? | ||||
No | 1 | |||
Yes | 0.30 | 0.13 | 0.69 | 0.005 |
Awareness of HIV status? | ||||
No | 1 | |||
Yes | 0.34 | 0.15 | 0.78 | 0.011 |
HIV status | ||||
Positive | 1 | |||
Negative | 0.10 | 0.34 | 2.90 | 0.985 |
Variables | OR | 95% CI | p-values | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Education level | ||||
No education | 1 | |||
Primary | 0.66 | 0.17 | 2.53 | 0.544 |
Secondary | 0.68 | 0.13 | 3.60 | 0.650 |
Tertiary | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.28 | 0.003 |
Household vulnerability indicators | ||||
Not enough money for basic things like food and clothes | 1 | |||
Have money for food and clothes, short on many other things | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.27 | < 0.001 |
We have most of the important things, but few luxury goods | 0.22 | 0.04 | 1.25 | 0.088 |
Locality Type | ||||
Urban Formal | 1 | |||
Urban Informal | 0.31 | 0.05 | 1.95 | 0.213 |
Tribal | 0.42 | 0.08 | 2.29 | 0.314 |
Rural Formal | 2.17 | 0.40 | 11.71 | 0.367 |
Number of sexual partners in the last 12 months | ||||
One partner | 1 | |||
Two or more partners | 20.42 | 1.10 | 379.89 | 0.043 |
Age mixing | ||||
Partner five years and older | 1 | |||
Partner five years younger | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.94 | 0.044 |
Partner within 5 years older or younger | 0.35 | 0.13 | 0.91 | 0.032 |