Background
Methods
Design
Demographic information
Clinical information
Socioeconomic measures
Statistical analysis
Results
Patients' characteristics
Study population (n = 1283) | Study sample (n = 664) | Drop-out sample (n = 619) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | P | |
Age (years)
| 0.15 | |||
≤ 49 | 214 (16.7) | 105 (15.8) | 109 (17.6) | |
50-59 | 304 (23.7) | 144 (21.7) | 160 (25.8) | |
60-69 | 363 (28.3) | 193 (29.1) | 170 (27.5) | |
≥ 70 | 402 (31.3) | 222 (33.4) | 180 (29.1) | |
Mean (SD) | 62.4 (12.3) | 63.0 (12.0) | 61.7 (12.7) | 0.05* |
Range | 21-103 | 21-91 | 26-103 | |
Gender
| 0.003 | |||
Male | 950 (74.0) | 468 (70.5) | 482 (77.9) | |
Female | 333 (26.0) | 196 (29.5) | 137 (22.1) | |
Marital status
| 0.11 | |||
Single | 42 (3.3) | 24 (3.6) | 18 (2.9) | |
Married | 1024 (79.8) | 515 (77.6) | 509 (82.2) | |
Widowed/divorced | 217 (16.9) | 125 (18.8) | 92 (14.9) | |
Education (years)
| 0.95 | |||
0 | 337 (26.3) | 177 (26.7) | 160 (25.8) | |
1-5 | 285 (22.3) | 145 (21.8) | 140 (22.6) | |
6-9 | 313 (24.4) | 160 (24.1) | 153 (24.7) | |
10-12 | 218 (16.9) | 111 (16.7) | 107 (17.2) | |
> 12 | 130 (10.1) | 71 (10.7) | 59 (9.5) | |
Employment
| 0.06 | |||
Housewife | 282 (22.0) | 157 (23.6) | 125 (20.2) | |
Employed | 615 (47.9) | 297 (44.7) | 318 (51.4) | |
Unemployed | 115 (9.0) | 68 (10.2) | 47 (7.6) | |
Retired | 271 (21.1) | 142 (21.4) | 129 (20.8) | |
BMI (kg/m
2
)*
| 0.25 | |||
≤ 24.9 | 362 (28.3) | 180 (27.1) | 182 (29.4) | |
25-29.9 | 728 (56.7) | 374 (56.3) | 354 (57.2) | |
≥ 30 | 193 (15.0) | 110 (16.6) | 83 (13.4) | |
Hypertension
| 0.44 | |||
No | 703 (54.8) | 357 (53.8) | 346 (55.9) | |
Yes | 580 (45.2) | 307 (46.2) | 273 (44.1) | |
Diabetes
| 0.99 | |||
No | 833 (64.9) | 431 (64.9) | 402 (64.9) | |
Yes | 450 (35.1) | 233 (35.1) | 217 (35.1) | |
Hyperlipidemia
| 0.43 | |||
No | 601 (46.8) | 304 (45.8) | 297 (48.0) | |
Yes | 682 (53.2) | 360 (54.2) | 322 (52.0) | |
History of smoking
| 0.03 | |||
No | 416 (32.4) | 198 (29.8) | 218 (35.2) | |
Yes | 867 (67.6) | 466 (70.2) | 4.01 (64.8) | |
Treatment
| < 0.0001** | |||
Coronary artery bypass graft | 333 (26.0) | 232 (34.9) | 101 (16.3) | |
Non-surgical | 950 (74.0) | 432 (65.1) | 518 (83.7) |
Discharged (n = 500) | Dead (n = 164) | ||
---|---|---|---|
No. (%) | No. (%) | P | |
Age (years)
| <0.0001 | ||
≤ 49 | 90 (18.0) | 15 (9.1) | |
50-59 | 121 (24.2) | 23 (14.0) | |
60-69 | 152 (30.4) | 41 (25.0) | |
≥ 70 | 137 (27.4) | 85 (51.8) | |
Mean (SD) | 61.5 (11.6) | 67.6 (12.1) | < 0.0001* |
Range | 21-88 | 29-91 | |
Gender
| < 0.0001 | ||
Male | 374 (74.8) | 94 (57.3) | |
Female | 126 (25.2) | 70 (42.7) | |
Marital status
| < 0.0001 | ||
Single | 21 (4.2) | 3 (1.8) | |
Married | 406 (81.2) | 109 (66.5) | |
Widowed/divorced | 73 (14.6) | 52 (31.7) | |
Education (years)
| < 0.0001 | ||
0 | 104 (20.8) | 73 (44.5) | |
1-5 | 107 (21.4) | 38 (23.2) | |
6-9 | 132 (26.4) | 28 (17.1) | |
10-12 | 94 (18.8) | 17 (10.4) | |
> 12 | 63 (12.6) | 8 (4.9) | |
Employment
| < 0.0001 | ||
Housewife | 108 (21.6) | 49 (29.9) | |
Employed | 249 (49.8) | 48 (29.3) | |
Unemployed | 30 (6.0) | 38 (23.2) | |
Retired | 113 (22.6) | 29 (17.7) | |
Living area in square per person (m
2
/p)
| 0.001 | ||
< 10 | 52 (10.4) | 29 (17.7) | |
10-19 | 186 (37.2) | 78 (47.6) | |
20-39 | 171 (34.2) | 41 (25.0) | |
≥ 40 | 91 (18.2) | 16 (9.8) | |
BMI (kg/m
2
)*
| 0.06 | ||
≤ 24.9 | 145 (29.0) | 35 (21.4) | |
25-29.9 | 269 (53.8) | 105 (64.0) | |
≥ 30 | 86 (17.2) | 24 (14.6) | |
Hypertension
| 0.04 | ||
No | 280 (56.0) | 77 (47.0) | |
Yes | 220 (44.0) | 87 (53.0) | |
Diabetes
| 0.001 | ||
No | 343 (68.6) | 88 (53.7) | |
Yes | 157 (31.4) | 76 (46.3) | |
Hyperlipidemia
| 0.10 | ||
No | 238 (47.6) | 66 (40.2) | |
Yes | 262 (52.4) | 98 (59.8) | |
History of smoking
| 0.01 | ||
No | 162 (32.4) | 36 (22.0) | |
Yes | 338 (67.6) | 128 (78.0) | |
Treatment
| < 0.0001 | ||
Coronary artery bypass graft | 221 (44.2) | 11 (6.7) | |
Non-surgical | 279 (55.8) | 153 (93.3) |
Outcome analysis
OR (95% CI) | P | ||
---|---|---|---|
Age
| |||
≤ 49 | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
50-59 | 0.41 (0.09-1.88) | 0.25 | |
60-69 | 0.59 (0.16-2.22) | 0.44 | |
≥ 70 | 1.66 (0.45-6.11) | 0.44 | |
Gender
| |||
Male | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
Female | 0.89 (0.22-3.63) | 0.87 | |
Marital status
| |||
Married | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
Never married | 4.85 (0.48-49.0) | 0.18 | |
Widowed/divorced | 1.98 (0.81-4.79) | 0.12 | |
Education (years)
| |||
> 12 | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
10-12 | 0.74 (0.53-2.48) | 0.66 | |
6-9 | 0.69 (0.34-2.30) | 0.81 | |
1-5 | 1.18 (0.45-3.07) | 0.72 | |
Illiterate | 1.51 (0.87-6.31) | 0.14 | |
Employment
| |||
Employed | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
Unemployed | 12.05 (3.6-43.1) | <0.001 | |
Retired | 3.28 (1.04-10.30) | 0.04 | |
Housewife | 2.54 (0.47-13.68) | 0.27 | |
Living area in square per person (m
2
/p)
| |||
≥ 40 | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
20-39 | 5.22 (1.24-21.9) | 0.02 | |
10-19 | 16.58 (3.50-78.54) | <0.001 | |
< 10 | 16.78 (4.19-67.1) | <0.001 | |
BMI (kg/m
2
)
| |||
≤ 24.9 | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
25-29.9 | 1.64 (0.44-6.15) | 0.45 | |
≥ 30 | 3.78 (1.41-10.09) | 0.008 | |
Hypertension
| |||
No | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
Yes | 1.17 (0.83-1.75) | 0.62 | |
Diabetes
| |||
No | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
Yes | 1.59 (0.78-3.27) | 0.20 | |
Hyperlipidemia
| |||
No | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
Yes | 1.33 (0.62-2.85) | 0.45 | |
History of smoking
| |||
No | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
Yes | 2.01 (0.79-5.09) | 0.13 | |
Treatment
| |||
Coronary artery bypass graft | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
Non-surgical | 10.24 (3.16-33.15) | <0.001 |
OR (95% CI) | P | ||
---|---|---|---|
Age
| |||
≤ 49 | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
50-59 | 1.47 (0.58-3.73) | 0.41 | |
60-69 | 1.36 (0.53-3.45) | 0.51 | |
≥ 70 | 1.86 (0.72-4.77) | 0.19 | |
Gender
| |||
Male | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
Female | 3.83 (1.26-11.59) | 0.01 | |
Marital status
| |||
Married | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
Never married | 0.99 (0.19-5.08) | 0.99 | |
Widowed/divorced | 0.60 (0.27-1.31) | 0.20 | |
Education (years)
| |||
> 12 | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
10-12 | 0.60 (0.20-1.83) | 0.37 | |
6-9 | 0.61 (0.22-1.72) | 0.35 | |
1-5 | 1.01 (0.37-2.76) | 0.98 | |
Illiterate | 1.82 (0.69-4.78) | 0.22 | |
Employment
| |||
Employed | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
Unemployed | 1.27 (0.62-2.57) | 0.50 | |
Retired | 0.95 (0.28-3.20) | 0.93 | |
Housewife | 0.41 (0.12-1.35) | 0.14 | |
Living area in square per person (m
2
/p)
| |||
≥ 40 | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
20-39 | 1.78 (0.81-3.92) | 0.15 | |
10-19 | 2.56 (1.18-5.52) | 0.01 | |
< 10 | 3.25 (1.27-8.29) | 0.01 | |
BMI (kg/m
2
)
| |||
≤ 24.9 | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
25-29.9 | 1.05 (0.56-1.78) | 0.98 | |
≥ 30 | 1.06 (0.47-2.11) | 0.99 | |
Hypertension
| |||
No | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
Yes | 1.16 (0.68-1.98) | 0.57 | |
Diabetes
| |||
No | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
Yes | 1.92 (1.13-3.27) | 0.01 | |
Hyperlipidemia
| |||
No | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
Yes | 2.16 (1.24-3.74) | 0.006 | |
History of smoking
| |||
No | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
Yes | 1.10 (0.58-2.10) | 0.75 | |
Treatment
| |||
Coronary artery bypass graft | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
Non-surgical | 9.64 (4.26-21.83) | <0.001 |
OR (95% CI) | P | ||
---|---|---|---|
Age
| |||
≤ 49 | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
50-59 | 1.12 (0.49-2.52) | 0.78 | |
60-69 | 1.18 (0.53-2.59) | 0.68 | |
≥ 70 | 1.97 (0.89-4.36) | 0.09 | |
Gender
| |||
Male | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
Female | 2.22 (0.86-5.69) | 0.09 | |
Marital status
| |||
Married | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
Never married | 1.47 (0.36-5.95) | 0.58 | |
Widowed/divorced | 0.92 (0.50-1.72) | 0.06 | |
Education (years)
| |||
> 12 | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
10-12 | 0.91 (0.33-2.48) | 0.86 | |
6-9 | 0.89 (0.34-2.30) | 0.81 | |
1-5 | 1.18 (0.45-3.07) | 0.72 | |
Illiterate | 2.51 (1.00-6.31) | 0.04 | |
Employment
| |||
Employed | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
Unemployed | 3.50 (1.50-8.13) | 0.004 | |
Retired | 1.18 (0.79-2.77) | 0.21 | |
Housewife | 0.67 (0.23-1.94) | 0.46 | |
Living area in square per person (m
2
/p)
| |||
≥ 40 | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
20-39 | 2.34 (1.14-4.79) | 0.01 | |
10-19 | 4.38 (2.19-8.75) | < 0.0001 | |
< 10 | 4.92 (2.11-11.4) | < 0.0001 | |
BMI (kg/m
2
)
| |||
≤ 24.9 | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
25-29.9 | 1.43 (0.85-2.41) | 0.17 | |
≥ 30 | 1.09 (0.55-2.17) | 0.78 | |
Hypertension
| |||
No | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
Yes | 1.05 (0.66-1.66) | 0.81 | |
Diabetes
| |||
No | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
Yes | 1.78 (1.12-2.81) | 0.01 | |
Hyperlipidemia
| |||
No | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
Yes | 1.82 (1.14-2.90) | 0.01 | |
History of smoking
| |||
No | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
Yes | 1.33 (0.77-2.31) | 0.30 | |
Treatment
| |||
Coronary artery bypass graft | 1.00 (ref.) | ||
Non-surgical | 9.52 (4.84-18.7) | < 0.0001 |