Background
Methods
Patient population and study design
CT protocol and TDT calculations
Follow-up
Statistical analysis
Results
Clinical characteristics of all patients and patients divided by TDT
All patients | TDT < 400 | TDT ≥ 400 |
p-value
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
n = 231 | n = 138 | n = 93 | ||
Age (mean ± SD) | 69.7 ± 9.4 | 70.8 ± 9.2 | 68.2 ± 9.5 | 0.046 |
Sex (Male/Female) | 146 (63.2%)/85 (37.8%) | 100 (72.5%)/38 (27.5%) | 46 (49.5%)/47 (50.5%) | < 0.001 |
Smoking History (Ever/Never) | 138 (59.7%)/93 (40.3%) | 98 (71%)/40 (29%) | 40 (43%)/53 (57%) | < 0.001 |
Serum CEA (mean ± SD) | 4.53 ± 2.7 | 4.7 ± 8.8 | 4.2 ± 8.7 | 0.624 |
Type of resection | ||||
Segmentectomy | 24 (10.4%) | 12 (8.7%) | 12 (12.9%) | 0.428 |
Lobectomy | 206 (89.2%) | 125 (90.6%) | 81 (87.1%) | |
Pneumonectomy | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0 | |
Pathological Stage | ||||
IA1 | 49 (21.2%) | 17 (12.3%) | 32 (34.4%) | |
IA2 | 61 (26.4%) | 34 (26.4%) | 27 (29%) | |
IA3 | 20 (8.7%) | 13 (9.4%) | 7 (7.5%) | |
IB | 46 (19.9%) | 31 (22.5%) | 15 (16.1%) | |
IIA | 26 (11.2%) | 21 (15.2%) | 5 (5.4%) | |
IIB | 16 (6.9%) | 12 (8.7%) | 4 (4.3%) | |
IIIA | 13 (5.6%) | 10 (7.2%) | 3 (3.2%) | |
Histological type | ||||
Adenocarcinoma | 163 (70.6%) | 78 (56.5%) | 84 (90.3%) | < 0.001 |
Squamous cell carcinoma | 44 (19%) | 38 (27.5%) | 6 (6.5%) | |
Others | 25 (10.8%) | 22 (15.9%) | 3 (3.2%) | |
Solid component | ||||
Pure solid/Mixed GGO | 114 (49.4%)/117 (50.6%) | 80 (57.8%)/58 (42.2%) | 34 (36.6%)/59 (63.4%) | < 0.001 |
Tumor doubling time (all component) | ||||
Infinite | 24 (10.4%) | |||
range (median, excluding infinite) | 19.14–30,417.42 (230.4) | |||
Tumor doubling time (solid component) | ||||
Infinite | 30 (13%) | |||
range (median, excluding infinite) | 10.73–15,393.04 (175.5) |
Relationships between TDT and OS and RFS in all patients
Clinical characteristics of pathological stages IA1, IA2, IA3 and IB divided by TDT
Stage IA1 (n = 49) | Stage IA2 (n = 61) | Stage IA3 (n = 20) | Stage IB (n = 46) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TDT < 400 | TDT ≥ 400 | TDT < 400 | TDT ≥ 400 | TDT < 400 | TDT ≥ 400 | TDT < 400 | TDT ≥ 400 | |||||
n = 17 | n = 32 |
p-value
| n = 34 | n = 27 |
p-value
| n = 13 | n = 7 |
p-value
| n = 31 | n = 15 |
p-value
| |
Age (mean ± SD) | 73.9 ± 7.8 | 68.1 ± 8.3 | 0.02 | 69.4 ± 10.9 | 66.5 ± 10.1 | 0.299 | 75.4 ± 5.2 | 63.3 ± 11.1 | 0.03 | 72.3 ± 7.6 | 72.5 ± 9.6 | 0.966 |
Sex (Male/Female) | 6 (35.3%)/11 (64.7%) | 11 (34.4%)/21 (65.6%) | 0.949 | 26 (76.5%)/8 (23.5%) | 13 (48.1%)/14 (51.9%) | 0.022 | 10 (76.9%)/3 (23.1%) | 4 (57.1%)/3 (42.9%) | 0.357 | 24 (77.4%)/7 (22.6%) | 11 (73.3%)/4 (26.7%) | 0.761 |
Smoking History (Never/Ever) | 5 (29.4%)/12 (70.6%) | 8 (25%)/24 (75%) | 0.739 | 22 (64.7%)/12 (35.3%) | 11 (40.7%)/16 (59.3%) | 0.062 | 10 (76.9%)/3 (23.1%) | 4 (57.1%)/3 (42.9%) | 0.357 | 26 (83.9%)/5 (16.1%) | 10 (66.7%)/5 (33.3%) | 0.257 |
Serum CEA (mean ± SD) | 2.2 ± 1.1 | 2.8 ± 3.1 | 0.488 | 2.6 ± 1.8 | 3.2 ± 1.7 | 0.223 | 10.7 ± 24.4 | 2.8 ± 1.1 | 0.408 | 4.2 ± 3.0 | 9.3 ± 20.0 | 0.172 |
Type of resection | ||||||||||||
Segmentectomy | 6 (35.3%) | 8 (25%) | 0.448 | 5 (14.7%) | 3 (11.1%) | 0.68 | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | 1 (6.7%) | 0.326 |
Lobectomy | 11 (64.7%) | 24 (75%) | 29 (85.3%) | 24 (88.9%) | 13 (100%) | 7 (100%) | 31 (100%) | 14 (93.3%) | ||||
Pneumonectomy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Histological type | ||||||||||||
Adenocarcinoma | 16 (94.1%) | 31 (96.9%) | 0.578 | 21 (61.8%) | 25 (92.6%) | 0.021 | 7 (53.8%) | 6 (85.7%) | 0.319 | 18 (58.1%) | 10 (66.7%) | 0.802 |
Squamous cell carcinoma | 1 (5.9%) | 0 | 7 (20.6%) | 1 (3.7%) | 4 (30.7%) | 1 (14.3%) | 9 (29%) | 3 (20%) | ||||
Others | 0 | 1 (3.1%) | 6 (17.6%) | 1 (3.7%) | 2 (15.4%) | 0 | 4 (12.9%) | 2 (13.3%) | ||||
Solid component | ||||||||||||
Pure solid/mixed GGO | 10/7 | 11/22 | 0.084 | 19/15 | 11/16 | 0.24 | 6/7 | 2/5 | 0.44 | 10/21 | 5/10 | 0.94 |
Relationships between TDT and OS and RFS in stage I patients
Examining whether solid component TDT or all component TDT affect prognosis
Prognostic factors in each group
Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | 95%CI | p-value | HR | 95%CI | p-value | |
Overall survival | ||||||
Age (< 70) | 0.628 | 0.366–1.077 | 0.091 | |||
Sex (Female) | 0.49 | 0.368–0.651 | < 0.001 | 0.459 | 0.177–1.192 | 0.11 |
pStage (II–IV) | 3.291 | 2.061–5.235 | < 0.001 | 2.344 | 1.4–3.924 | 0.001 |
Smoking history (Yes) | 3.85 | 2.257–6.568 | < 0.001 | 1.346 | 0.533–3.403 | 0.53 |
Histological type (non-adeno) | 3.272 | 2.078–5.153 | < 0.001 | 1.327 | 0.776–2.271 | 0.302 |
Solid TDT (< 400 d) | 3.034 | 1.682–5.473 | < 0.001 | 2.093 | 1.111–3.944 | 0.022 |
Recurrence-free survival | ||||||
Age (< 70) | 1.331 | 0.786–2.254 | 0.287 | |||
Sex (Female) | 0.639 | 0.494–0.827 | 0.001 | 0.318 | 0.128–0.788 | 0.013 |
pStage (II–IV) | 4.067 | 2.537–6.52 | 0.001 | 2.846 | 1.662–4.874 | < 0.001 |
Smoking history (Yes) | 2.161 | 1.325–3.525 | 0.002 | 0.489 | 0.197–1.211 | 0.122 |
Histological type (non-adeno) | 2.897 | 1.811–4.633 | < 0.001 | 1.617 | 0.894–2.922 | 0.112 |
Solid TDT (< 400 d) | 3.152 | 1.673–5.939 | < 0.001 | 2.099 | 1.063–4.144 | 0.033 |