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German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research

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18.08.2017 | Main articles

Sport activities in daily routine

Situational associations between individual goals, activity characteristics, and affective well-being

verfasst von: Stephanie Jeckel, Gorden Sudeck

Erschienen in: German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research | Ausgabe 1/2018

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Abstract

During the last few years, research interest on interindividual differences in acute affective reactions on sport activities has increased. Moreover, current studies show that besides interindividual differences, substantial intraindividual variations exist. Therefore, we assume that the potential of regulating affective well-being through sport activities varies situationally. This ambulatory assessment study analyzes affective reactions on sport activities in daily routine to identify possible factors for situational variability of changes in affective well-being. First, situational differences in affective well-being (valence, calmness, energetic arousal), goals for sport activities (e.g., regulation of body weight, activation), and activity characteristics (e.g., activity dose, perceived exertion) were analyzed. Second, associations between these parameters and activity characteristics were dissected. Third, associations with affective well-being after sport activities are identified. For 7 days, 25 women and 21 men (M_age = 32 years) participated. Activity characteristics were captured objectively (accelerometer, electrocardiogramm). Affective well-being, situational goals, and perceived exertion were gathered via smartphone. Multilevel analyses confirmed situational heterogeneity of affective well-being (e.g., intraclass-coefficient ICC_valence = 0.48), situational goals (e.g., ICC_activation = 0.59), and activity characteristics (e.g., ICC_{activity dose} = 0.21). Furthermore, we observed that higher feelings of calmness and stronger situational goals for body weight and activation are followed by a higher activity dose. This higher activity dose comes along with higher energetic arousal after sport activities, whereas higher perceived exertion is followed by lower feelings of calmness. Study results confirm intraindividual variation of affective well-being, specific goals, and activity characteristics. They emphasize the relevance of situational characteristics for the regulation of affective well-being through sport activities.

The categories for the activity doses are as follows (Reed & Ones, 2006): low ≙ 10–30 min of low intensity to 7–20 min of moderate intensity; moderate ≙ 30–40 min of moderate intensity to 20–30 min of high intensity; high ≙ 60–90 min of moderate intensity to 40–60 min of high intensity; very high ≙ 180–1400 min of moderate to 300 min of high intensity.

The study design and procedure is part of a more extensive ambulant assessment study that contains several processes and analyses relating to different research questions (see also Jeckel & Sudeck, 2016).

We did not control for time of day, as previous analyses (Jeckel & Sudeck, 2016) showed no significance for time of day for acute effects of sport activities on affective well-being. The average levels of the level 2 predictor MEAN_AWB are based on 644 data points for each affective subscale (valence, calmness, energetic arousal). They were calculated for each person using surveys on affective well-being (morning, noon, evening, before going to bed) throughout one week (for detailed information, see Jeckel & Sudeck, 2016).

The number of sport activities in the intensity category “light” differs among the three intensity categories. A possible explanation is that some types of activities cannot adequately be captured by accelerometers and are therefore allocated as “light,” even though people find them to be quite exhausting. For example, a combination of strength training and stretching had an RPE value of 5 (≙ vigorous), but the MET value was, on average, 1.5 (≙ light).

According to the definition of a sport activity (Fuchs, 2003), the range of intensities is from light to high. There are lower values of the objective activity characteristics, as some activities contain, for example, a combination of strength training and stretching, which comprise lower HR and MET values, on average.

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Titel: Sport activities in daily routine
Situational associations between individual goals, activity characteristics, and affective well-being
verfasst von: Stephanie Jeckel
Gorden Sudeck
Publikationsdatum: 18.08.2017
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research / Ausgabe 1/2018
Print ISSN: 2509-3142
Elektronische ISSN: 2509-3150
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-017-0469-9

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