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Erschienen in: Die Ophthalmologie 10/2017

01.03.2017 | Magnetresonanztomografie | Übersichten

Diffusionsbildgebung der Sehbahn bei glaukomatöser Optikusatrophie

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. T. Engelhorn, M. A. Schmidt, A. Dörfler, G. Michelson

Erschienen in: Die Ophthalmologie | Ausgabe 10/2017

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Zusammenfassung

In Deutschland sind mehr als 1 Mio. Einwohner an Glaukom erkrankt, in über 100.000 Fällen droht die Erblindung, auch weil die Diagnose oft nicht oder zu spät gestellt wird. Diese erfolgt in der Regel – wie auch die Therapiekontrolle – „nur“ durch Untersuchung der Netzhaut und nicht der gesamten Sehbahn. Dabei ist das Auge aber nur die „Spitze des Eisbergs“ der eigentlichen Sehbahn, die sich quer durch das Gehirn bis zum visuellen Kortex erstreckt. Die interdisziplinäre, holistische Beurteilung der gesamten Sehbahn bei Glaukom ist von entscheidender Bedeutung, da es sich um eine komplexe neurodegenerative Erkrankung der gesamten Sehbahnen handelt und Subtypen wie das Normaldruckglaukom (NDG) wohl auch durch primäre Schädigung der intrakraniellen Sehbahn mit sekundärer retrograder Netzhautdegeneration entstehen. In Studien an Sehgesunden und Glaukompatienten konnte in den letzten Jahren gezeigt werden, dass die Diffusions-Tensor-Bildgebung mit Berechnung von Diffusionskoeffizienten, fraktionaler Anisotropie (FA) sowie der mittleren und radialen Diffusivität als Marker der axonalen Integrität die Beurteilung der intrakraniellen Sehbahn in hoher Korrelation zu etablierten augenärztlichen Untersuchungen erlaubt. Insbesondere die Berechnung von FA-Kartierungen der Sehbahn und der Einsatz voxelbasierter Verfahren kann in die klinische Routine eingebunden werden und ermöglicht sowohl eine Detektion glaukombedingter Veränderungen bereits im Frühstadium der Erkrankung wie auch eine Differenzierung von Glaukomsubtypen. Dabei scheint die Diagnose eines NDG mit dieser Bildgebungstechnik wesentlich früher möglich zu sein als mit den etablierten ophthalmologischen Untersuchungsverfahren und ermöglicht daneben neue Einblicke in die Pathophysiologie dieser Glaukomform. Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst die Ergebnisse der neuen Bildgebungstechniken zur Beurteilung der Sehbahn bei glaukomatöser Optikusatrophie zusammen und zeigt das Potenzial eines interdisziplinären Ansatzes auf.
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Metadaten
Titel
Diffusionsbildgebung der Sehbahn bei glaukomatöser Optikusatrophie
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. T. Engelhorn
M. A. Schmidt
A. Dörfler
G. Michelson
Publikationsdatum
01.03.2017
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Ophthalmologie / Ausgabe 10/2017
Print ISSN: 2731-720X
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7218
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-017-0467-1

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