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Erschienen in: Die Unfallchirurgie 3/2021

10.02.2021 | Sprunggelenkfraktur | Leitthema

Sprunggelenkfraktur beim älteren Patienten

Was sollten wir anders machen?

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. Sabine Ochman, Michael J. Raschke

Erschienen in: Die Unfallchirurgie | Ausgabe 3/2021

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Zusammenfassung

Sprunggelenkfrakturen beim älteren Patienten gehören aufgrund der demografischen Entwicklung zum unfallchirurgischen Alltag. Aufgrund von Begleiterkrankungen wie Diabetes mellitus, reduzierter Knochenqualität und eingeschränkter Compliance in der Nachbehandlung sind diese Versorgungen komplikationsträchtig. Das primäre Ziel der Versorgung älterer Patienten mit einer Sprunggelenkfraktur ist der Erhalt der Mobilität. Im Gegensatz zum jungen Patienten zeigen sich meist hochgradig instabile Pronation-Abduktion-Verletzungen. Bereits bei der Diagnostik sollten ein Erkennen und die Optimierung von Einflussfaktoren auf das Outcome wie z. B. der Durchblutung und der großzügige Einsatz der Computertomographie erfolgen. Wie beim jungen Patienten ist die konservative Therapie den stabilen Frakturformen vorbehalten und bei Vorliegen von Kontraindikationen gegen operative Maßnahmen auch bei instabilen Verletzungen einzuleiten. Anders ist die Wahl der Zugänge bei der operativen Therapie, die weichteiladaptiert, ggf. minimal-invasiv und zunehmend von posterolateral erfolgt. Die initiale Transfixation kann Weichteilproblematiken reduzieren. Spezielle operative Techniken und Implantate, die eine hohe Stabilität bieten, wie dorsale Plattenpositionierungen, Hakenplatten, winkelstabile Plattensysteme und intramedulläre Systeme, und zusätzliche Optionen wie Tibia-pro-Fibula-Konstrukte kommen zum Einsatz. Eine primäre retrograde Nagelarthrodese ist als „Salvage“-Verfahren nur Ausnahmefällen vorbehalten. Im Rahmen der Nachbehandlung erscheint ein interdisziplinärer Einsatz mit Respektierung und Optimierung von Begleiterkrankungen sinnvoll.
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Metadaten
Titel
Sprunggelenkfraktur beim älteren Patienten
Was sollten wir anders machen?
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. Sabine Ochman
Michael J. Raschke
Publikationsdatum
10.02.2021
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Schlagwort
Sprunggelenkfraktur
Erschienen in
Die Unfallchirurgie / Ausgabe 3/2021
Print ISSN: 2731-7021
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-703X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-021-00953-4

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