Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current Anesthesiology Reports 2/2019

09.05.2019 | Pediatric Anesthesia (J Lerman, Section Editor)

Stage 1 Palliation of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: What the Pediatric Anesthesiologist Needs to Know

verfasst von: Dawn M. Sweeney, Jane Arcadi

Erschienen in: Current Anesthesiology Reports | Ausgabe 2/2019

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The purpose of this review is to discuss the features of stage 1 palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). Comparison will be made between traditional surgical approaches and hybrid approaches. Anesthetic considerations for infants with these types of palliations will be discussed.

Recent Findings

While historically surgical palliation in the neonatal period or neonatal heart transplant has been the primary means of survival for neonates with HLHS, in the last two decades, more centers have been performing hybrid palliation of this defect. This palliation can be performed with the expectation that a comprehensive second-stage palliation will be done in the next several months, or it can be used as a bridge to transplant. Other uses are also being explored as research continues.

Summary

Advances in the care of neonates with HLHS have led to increased survival. As surgical technique and non-surgical care of these infants continue to improve, the pediatric anesthesiologist will need to be familiar with the anatomic and physiologic implications of the various types of palliation.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Norwood WI, Kirklin JK, Sanders SP. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: experience with palliative surgery. Am J Cardiol. 1980;45(1):87–91.CrossRef Norwood WI, Kirklin JK, Sanders SP. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: experience with palliative surgery. Am J Cardiol. 1980;45(1):87–91.CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Bailey LL, Nehlsen-Cannarella SL, Concepcion W, Jolley WB. Baboon-to-human cardiac xenotransplantation in a neonate. JAMA. 1985;254(23):3321–9.CrossRef Bailey LL, Nehlsen-Cannarella SL, Concepcion W, Jolley WB. Baboon-to-human cardiac xenotransplantation in a neonate. JAMA. 1985;254(23):3321–9.CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Norwood WI, Lang P, Hansen DD. Physiologic repair of aortic atresia-hypoplastic left heart syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1983;308(1):23–6.CrossRef Norwood WI, Lang P, Hansen DD. Physiologic repair of aortic atresia-hypoplastic left heart syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1983;308(1):23–6.CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Sano S, Ishino K, Kawada M, Arai S, Kasahara S, Asai T, et al. Right ventricle-pulmonary artery shunt in first-stage palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003;126(2):504–9.CrossRef Sano S, Ishino K, Kawada M, Arai S, Kasahara S, Asai T, et al. Right ventricle-pulmonary artery shunt in first-stage palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003;126(2):504–9.CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Gibbs JL, Wren C, Watterson KG, Hunter S, Hamilton JR. Stenting of the arterial duct combined with banding of the pulmonary arteries and atrial septectomy or septostomy: a new approach to palliation for the hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Br Heart J. 1993;69(6):551–5.CrossRef Gibbs JL, Wren C, Watterson KG, Hunter S, Hamilton JR. Stenting of the arterial duct combined with banding of the pulmonary arteries and atrial septectomy or septostomy: a new approach to palliation for the hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Br Heart J. 1993;69(6):551–5.CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Caldarone CA, Benson LN, Holtby H, Van Arsdell GS. Main pulmonary artery to innominate artery shunt during hybrid palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005;130(4):e1–2.CrossRef Caldarone CA, Benson LN, Holtby H, Van Arsdell GS. Main pulmonary artery to innominate artery shunt during hybrid palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005;130(4):e1–2.CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Lloyd DF, Rutherford MA, Simpson JM, Razavi R. The neurodevelopmental implications of hypoplastic left heart syndrome in the fetus. Cardiol Young. 2017;27(2):217–23. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1047951116001645This is the only article I have seen looking at fetal neurodevelopment in hypoplastic left heart syndrome. There is a good discussion of abnormalities of cerebral blood flow in fetuses with HLHS. CrossRefPubMed •• Lloyd DF, Rutherford MA, Simpson JM, Razavi R. The neurodevelopmental implications of hypoplastic left heart syndrome in the fetus. Cardiol Young. 2017;27(2):217–23. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1017/​S104795111600164​5This is the only article I have seen looking at fetal neurodevelopment in hypoplastic left heart syndrome. There is a good discussion of abnormalities of cerebral blood flow in fetuses with HLHS. CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat • Diaz LK, Gaynor JW, Koh SJ, Ittenbach RF, Gerdes M, Bernbaum JC, et al. Increasing cumulative exposure to volatile anesthetic agents is associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2016;152(2):482–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.03.095This is the only paper that looks at cumulative exposure to volatile anesthetics in HLHS specifically. While there are no definitive answers on the subject, anesthesiologists need to remain vigilant in the care of these infants who may be at risk for poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral • Diaz LK, Gaynor JW, Koh SJ, Ittenbach RF, Gerdes M, Bernbaum JC, et al. Increasing cumulative exposure to volatile anesthetic agents is associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2016;152(2):482–9. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​jtcvs.​2016.​03.​095This is the only paper that looks at cumulative exposure to volatile anesthetics in HLHS specifically. While there are no definitive answers on the subject, anesthesiologists need to remain vigilant in the care of these infants who may be at risk for poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
14.
Zurück zum Zitat • Yerebakan C, Valeske K, Elmontaser H, Yörüker U, Mueller M, Thul J, Mann V, Latus H, Villanueva A, Hofmann K, Schranz D, Akintuerk H. Hybrid therapy for hypoplastic left heart syndrome: myth, alternative, or standard? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2016;151(4):1112–21, 1123.e1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.10.066. This article discusses in detail the re-interventions commonly needed after hybrid palliation. The discussion section provides further insight into this issue. • Yerebakan C, Valeske K, Elmontaser H, Yörüker U, Mueller M, Thul J, Mann V, Latus H, Villanueva A, Hofmann K, Schranz D, Akintuerk H. Hybrid therapy for hypoplastic left heart syndrome: myth, alternative, or standard? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2016;151(4):1112–21, 1123.e1-5. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​jtcvs.​2015.​10.​066. This article discusses in detail the re-interventions commonly needed after hybrid palliation. The discussion section provides further insight into this issue.
16.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Ohye RG, Schranz D, D'Udekem Y. Current therapy for hypoplastic left heart syndrome and related single ventricle lesions. Circulation. 2016;134(17):1265–79 Excellent review of therapy for HLHS, including all 3 stages of palliation. CrossRef •• Ohye RG, Schranz D, D'Udekem Y. Current therapy for hypoplastic left heart syndrome and related single ventricle lesions. Circulation. 2016;134(17):1265–79 Excellent review of therapy for HLHS, including all 3 stages of palliation. CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Watkins SC, McNew BS, Donahue BS. Risks of noncardiac operations and other procedures in children with complex congenital heart disease. Ann Thorac Surg. 2013;95:2014–1.CrossRef Watkins SC, McNew BS, Donahue BS. Risks of noncardiac operations and other procedures in children with complex congenital heart disease. Ann Thorac Surg. 2013;95:2014–1.CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Mittnacht AJC. Near infrared spectroscopy in children at high risk of low perfusion. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2010;23:342–7.CrossRef Mittnacht AJC. Near infrared spectroscopy in children at high risk of low perfusion. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2010;23:342–7.CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Cao JY, Lee SY, Phan K, Ayer J, Celermajer DS, Winlaw DS. Early outcomes of hypoplastic left heart syndrome infants: meta-analysis of studies comparing the hybrid and Norwood procedures. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2018;9(2):224–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/2150135117752896This is the only meta-analysis specifically comparing the Norwood procedure with the hybrid procedure. CrossRefPubMed •• Cao JY, Lee SY, Phan K, Ayer J, Celermajer DS, Winlaw DS. Early outcomes of hypoplastic left heart syndrome infants: meta-analysis of studies comparing the hybrid and Norwood procedures. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2018;9(2):224–33. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1177/​2150135117752896​This is the only meta-analysis specifically comparing the Norwood procedure with the hybrid procedure. CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat •• TJ W, McCrindle BW, Hickey EJ, Ziemer G, Tchervenkov CI, Jacobs ML, et al. Is a hybrid strategy a lower-risk alternative to stage 1 Norwood operation? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2017;153(1):163–172.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021This article compares both conventional Norwood procedures and those with the RV to PA conduit modification to the hybrid procedure. Most papers do not compare all 3 types of palliation. CrossRef •• TJ W, McCrindle BW, Hickey EJ, Ziemer G, Tchervenkov CI, Jacobs ML, et al. Is a hybrid strategy a lower-risk alternative to stage 1 Norwood operation? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2017;153(1):163–172.e6. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​jtcvs.​2016.​08.​021This article compares both conventional Norwood procedures and those with the RV to PA conduit modification to the hybrid procedure. Most papers do not compare all 3 types of palliation. CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat • Cleveland D, Adam Banks C, Hara H, Carlo WF, Mauchley DC, DKC C. The case for cardiac xenotransplantation in neonates: is now the time to reconsider xenotransplantation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome? Pediatr Cardiol. 2019;40(2):437–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-018-1998-1Interesting article about a possible future of cardiac transplantation in neonates that discusses genetic engineering and xenotransplantation. CrossRefPubMed • Cleveland D, Adam Banks C, Hara H, Carlo WF, Mauchley DC, DKC C. The case for cardiac xenotransplantation in neonates: is now the time to reconsider xenotransplantation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome? Pediatr Cardiol. 2019;40(2):437–44. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s00246-018-1998-1Interesting article about a possible future of cardiac transplantation in neonates that discusses genetic engineering and xenotransplantation. CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilder TJ. Redefining successful outcomes in the hybrid era. World J Pediatr Congenit. Wilder TJ. Redefining successful outcomes in the hybrid era. World J Pediatr Congenit.
Metadaten
Titel
Stage 1 Palliation of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: What the Pediatric Anesthesiologist Needs to Know
verfasst von
Dawn M. Sweeney
Jane Arcadi
Publikationsdatum
09.05.2019
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Anesthesiology Reports / Ausgabe 2/2019
Elektronische ISSN: 2167-6275
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40140-019-00329-w

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2019

Current Anesthesiology Reports 2/2019 Zur Ausgabe

Critical Care Anesthesia (BS Rasmussen, Section Editor)

Transfusion Requirements in Anesthesia and Intensive Care

Critical Care Anesthesia (BS Rasmussen, Section Editor)

Septic Shock and the Heart

Pediatric Anesthesia (J Lerman, Section Editor)

Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Neurocognitive Consequences

Pediatric Anesthesia (J Lerman, Section Editor)

Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Advances

Critical Care Anesthesia (BS Rasmussen, Section Editor)

Perioperative Oxygenation Targets in Adults

Update AINS

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.