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Erschienen in: Der Onkologe 10/2015

01.10.2015 | Leitthema

Stammzelltransplantation bei malignen Lymphomen

Hat sie noch eine Bedeutung?

verfasst von: E. Klyuchnikov, Prof. Dr. med. U. Bacher

Erschienen in: Die Onkologie | Ausgabe 10/2015

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

In den letzten 15 Jahren hat die Chemo- und Immuntherapie der indolenten und aggressiven B-Zell-Lymphome große Fortschritte gemacht, z. B. mit dem monoklonalen Anti-CD20-Antikörper Rituximab oder Tyrosinkinaseinhibitoren (TKI) wie Idelalisib. Dennoch bleibt die autologe Stammzelltransplantation (SZT) für Patienten mit Refraktärität auf die Immunchemotherapie oder mit einem Lymphomrezidiv weiterhin eine relevante Option. Für ausgewählte Patienten mit sehr ungünstiger Prognose kommt eine allogene SZT vom Familien- oder Fremdspender in Betracht.

Ziel der Arbeit

Diese Arbeit diskutiert Indikationen zur autologen SZT bei B-Zell-Lymphomen am Beispiel des diffusen großzelligen B-Zell-Lymphoms (DLBCL) und des follikulären Lymphoms (FL) und gibt einen Überblick über die Therapieergebnisse vor und nach Einführung von Rituximab. Ferner werden Indikationen zur allogenen SZT bei diesen Lymphomentitäten diskutiert, u. a. unter Einbezug großer Registerstudien.

Ergebnisse/Diskussion

Vor Einführung von Rituximab war eine autologe Hochdosis(HD)-SZT der konventionellen Chemotherapie bei rezidiviertem/refraktärem DLBCL klar überlegen. Die Einführung von Rituximab hat die Ergebnisse bei DLBCL-Patienten deutlich verbessert, aber 10–40 % der Patienten entwickeln weiterhin Rezidive. Bei Patienten im jüngeren/mittlerem Erwachsenenalter mit chemosensiblem DLBCL kann durch die autologe HD-SZT ein stabiles progressionsfreies Überleben von etwa 50 % erreicht werden. Auch für Patienten mit chemosensitivem FL-Rezidiv stellt die autologe HD-SZT eine Option dar. Der Stellenwert der allogenen im Vergleich zur autologen SZT muss für jüngere Patienten mit Hochrisiko-B-Zell-Lymphomen in Studien weiter geklärt werden.
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Metadaten
Titel
Stammzelltransplantation bei malignen Lymphomen
Hat sie noch eine Bedeutung?
verfasst von
E. Klyuchnikov
Prof. Dr. med. U. Bacher
Publikationsdatum
01.10.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Onkologie / Ausgabe 10/2015
Print ISSN: 2731-7226
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7234
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-015-2965-6

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