Background
The intervention
Cognitive behavioural therapy
Motivational interviewing
Cognitive modifications
Dialectical behaviour therapy
Trauma-sensitive care
The context
Effectiveness of START NOW
The present study
Hypotheses
Methods/design
Study centres
Participants
Inclusion criteria | Female adolescents aged 12–20 years |
Diagnosis of current CD (DSM code 312.8) and/or ODD (DSM code 313.81) | |
Sufficient writing and reading skills (in German or Dutch) | |
Exclusion criteria | History or current clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder according to ICD-10, DSM-IV-TR or DSM-5 (autism, Asperger syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified, atypical autism, autism spectrum disorder) |
History of or current clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia according to ICD-10, DSM-IV-TR or DSM-5 | |
Current clinical diagnosis of bipolar disorder or mania according to ICD-10, DSM-IV-TR or DSM-5 (History of bipolar disorder or mania is not an exclusion criterion for individuals with CD.) | |
Fetal alcohol syndrome according to ICD-10, DSM-IV-TR or DSM-5 | |
Known monogenetic disorder, genetic syndrome (e.g., fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome) | |
Any chronic or acute neurological disorder (e.g., cerebral palsy, motor problems due to motor or metabolic disorder, current treatment for epilepsy, history of severe traumatic brain injury) (Mild traumatic head injury without loss of consciousness is not an exclusion criterion.) | |
Any valid indication of IQ <70 (e.g., special education, previous test results) | |
Severe medical condition interfering with the intervention, including suicidal ideation | |
Concurrent group-based psychotherapeutic treatment such as START NOW, DBT-A or similar interventions |